https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=SeymourStonehous 2026-08-08T19:14:20Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soumendu_Adhikari&diff=536766 2026-05-08T03:46:38Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started first article w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Soumendu Adhikari<br /> | office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Kanthi Lok Sabha constituency|Kanthi]]<br /> | term_start1 = 4 June 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2024-06-04 |title=কাঁথিতে ২৪ হাজারের বেশি ভোটে জয়ী শুভেন্দুর ভাই BJP প্রার্থী সৌমেন্দু |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-result-2024-contai-constituency-bjp-candidate-soumendu-adhikari-wins-by-above-24-thousands-votes-bangla-news-1072558 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | term_end1 =<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Sisir Adhikari]]<br /> | successor1 = Incumbent<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|3|10|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Kanthi]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<br /> | occupation = [[Politician]]<br /> | father = [[Sisir Adhikari]]<br /> | relatives = [[Suvendu Adhikari]] (brother) &lt;br&gt;[[Dibyendu Adhikari]] (brother) <br /> }}<br /> '''Soumendu Adhikari''' is an Indian [[politician]] and the elected candidate for [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Kanthi Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eci&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2531.htm |title=Election Commission of India |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=5 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kanthi election results 2024 live updates: BJP's Adhikari Soumendu wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kanthi-election-results-2024-west-bengal-kanthi-lok-sabha-elections-poll-result-updates-adhikari-soumendu-bjp-uttam-barik-tmc-urbasi-banerjee-cong/articleshow/110674736.cms |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13|accessdate=25 March 2025|publisher=India Today|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325141549/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13|archivedate=25 March 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kanthi, West Bengal Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: Soumendu Adhikari secures seat |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/kanthi-west-bengal-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-clse-2548092-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Kanthi Election Result 2024 Live Updates: BJP'S Adhikari Soumendu Has Won This Lok Sabha Seat |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/kanthi-election-result-2024-live-updates-counting-of-votes-west-bengal-lok-sabha-seat-latest-news |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eci&quot;/&gt; He is the brother of [[Suvendu Adhikari]] ([[List of leaders of the opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition, West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]) and son of [[Sisir Adhikari]] (former [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]).<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India|Politics}}<br /> * [[18th Lok Sabha]]<br /> * [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> * [[Kanthi Lok Sabha constituency]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links==<br /> * {{Facebook}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> {{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Adhikari, Soumendu}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:1983 births]]<br /> <br /> {{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falakata_Assembly_constituency&diff=498855 2026-05-06T05:40:08Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: creating some pg w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the West Bengal legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Falakata<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Falakata.map}}<br /> | map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Falakata Assembly Constituency<br /> | map_alt = <br /> | state = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | district = [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Alipurduars Lok Sabha constituency|Alipurduars]]<br /> | constituency_no = 13<br /> | established = 1957<br /> | reservation = SC<br /> | abolished = <br /> | mla = [[Dipak Barman]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | electors = 254,554<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Falakata Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Alipurduar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 13 Falakata Assembly constituency covers [[Falakata]] municipality, [[Falakata (Community development block)|Falakata]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and Purba Kanthalbari [[gram panchayat]] of [[Alipurduar I (Community development block)|Alipurduar I]] community development block.&lt;ref name =delimitation&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 21 June 2014 | work = West Bengal| publisher = Election Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Falakata Assembly constituency is part of No. 2 [[Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (ST).&lt;ref name =delimitation/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |- style=&quot;font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#EAECF0;&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | Election&lt;br /&gt;Year<br /> ! style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | Name of M.L.A.<br /> ! style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; Colspan=2| Party Affiliation<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | Jagadananda Roy<br /> | style=&quot;background-color:#f15071;&quot; | <br /> | style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[Praja Socialist Party]]<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | Hiralal Singha<br /> | style=&quot;background-color:#00bfff;&quot; | <br /> | style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; |Jagadananda Roy<br /> | style=&quot;background-color:#f15071;&quot; | <br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | [[Praja Socialist Party]]<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#00bfff;&quot; | <br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;&quot; | [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;&quot; | [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | Jogendra Nath Singha Ray<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ff1d15;&quot; | <br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|&lt;br /&gt;Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;&quot; | [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;&quot; | [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;&quot; | [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;&quot; | [[Jogesh Chandra Barman]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#202122;&quot; | [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color:#202122;&quot; | [[Anil Adhikari (politician)|Anil Adhikari]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#20c646;&quot; | <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[Trinamool Congress|All India Trinamool Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA; color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | rowspan=2 style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[Dipak Barman]]<br /> | rowspan=2 style=&quot;background-color:#ff9933;&quot; | <br /> | rowspan=2 style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal|Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> |- style=&quot;background-color:#F8F9FA;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;color:#0645AD;&quot; | [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> ===2026===<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Falakata}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Dipak Barman<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 134370<br /> |percentage = 56.95<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Subhash Chandra Roy<br /> |party = Trinamool Congress<br /> |votes = 88371<br /> |percentage = 37.45<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Kamal Kishor Roy<br /> |party = Left Front (West Bengal) <br /> |votes = 6133<br /> |percentage = 2.6<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Akshoy Kumar Barman<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 1855<br /> |percentage = 0.79<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |party = None of the above (India)<br /> |votes = 1432<br /> |percentage = 0.61<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 45999<br /> |percentage = 19.5<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 235953<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = <br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2021===<br /> <br /> In the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Dipak Barman of BJP defeated his nearest rival Subhash Chandra Roy of TMC.<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Falakata (SC) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Dipak Barman<br /> |votes = 1,02,993<br /> |percentage = 46.71<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = Subhash Chandra Roy<br /> |votes = 99,003<br /> |percentage = 44.90<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Kshitish Chandra Ray <br /> |votes = 10,772<br /> |percentage = 4.89<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Dipak Chandra Mandal (Santosh)<br /> |votes = 1,678<br /> |percentage = 0.76<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Swapan Roy <br /> |votes = 1,645<br /> |percentage = 0.75<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Samajwadi Jan Parishad<br /> |candidate = Tapan Adhikari<br /> |votes = 1,377<br /> |percentage = 0.62<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Tarani Roy<br /> |votes = 613<br /> |percentage = 0.28<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amra Bangalee<br /> |candidate = Bimal Roy<br /> |votes = 449<br /> |percentage = 0.20<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the Above<br /> |candidate = None of the Above <br /> |votes = 1,970<br /> |percentage = 0.89<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,20,500<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2016===<br /> <br /> In the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Anil Adhikari of TMC defeated his nearest rival Kshitish Chandra Ray of CPI(M).<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Falakata (SC) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Anil Adhikari (politician)|Anil Adhikari]]<br /> |votes = 86,647<br /> |percentage = 43.77<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Kshitish Chandra Ray <br /> |votes = 69,808<br /> |percentage = 35.27<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Narayan Chandra Mondal <br /> |votes = 30,639<br /> |percentage = 15.48<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Bishnupada Roy<br /> |votes = 3,007<br /> |percentage = 1.52<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Paritosh Ch. Roy<br /> |votes = 2,016<br /> |percentage = 1.02<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Tarani Roy<br /> |votes = 1,344<br /> |percentage = 0.68<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Naresh Chandra Barman <br /> |votes = 667<br /> |percentage = 0.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the Above<br /> |candidate = None of the Above <br /> |votes = 3,812<br /> |percentage = 1.93<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 16,839<br /> |percentage = 8.50<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,97,940 <br /> |percentage = 87.13<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |<br /> |winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2011===<br /> <br /> In the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Anil Adhikari of TMC defeated his nearest rival Rabindra Nath Barman of CPI(M).<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Falakata (SC) constituency}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = Anil Adhikari<br /> |votes = 77,821<br /> |percentage = 47.44<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Rabindra Nath Barman<br /> |votes = 69,775<br /> |percentage = 42.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Hemanta Kumar Ray<br /> |votes = 9,848<br /> |percentage = 6.00<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Paritosh Ch. Roy<br /> |votes = 3,691<br /> |percentage = 2.25<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Samajwadi Jan Parishad<br /> |candidate = Ashok Kumar Roybir<br /> |votes = 2,891<br /> |percentage = 1.76<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 8,046<br /> |percentage = 4.90<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,64,026<br /> |percentage = 86.58<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977-2006===<br /> In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]], 2001, 1996 and 1991 state assembly elections, Jogesh Chandra Barman of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Falakata assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals Anil Adhikari of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2006 and 2001, and Gajendra Nath Barman of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996 and 1991. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Jogendra Nath Singha Roy of CPI(M) defeated Lalit Mohan Roy of Congress in 1987, Jogesh Chandra Ray of Congress in 1982 and Gajendra Nath Barman of Congress in 1977.<br /> <br /> ===1957–1972===<br /> Jagadananda Roy of Congress won the seat in 1972, 1971 and 1969. Jagadananda Roy representing [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] won the seat in 1967. Hiralal Singha of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. Jagadananda Roy of PSP won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Alipurduar topics}}<br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br /> <br /> {{West Bengal elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Alipurduar district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br /> [[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Devender_Singh_Rana&diff=496452 2026-05-03T10:09:23Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: creating new bio w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1965–2024)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Devender Singh Rana<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date text|1965}}<br /> | birth_place = [[India]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and given age|df=y|2024|10|31|59}}<br /> | death_place = [[Faridabad]], [[Haryana]], India<br /> | alma_mater = ([[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech.]])&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[NIT Kurukshetra]]<br /> | occupation = Politician<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | parents = <br /> | relatives = [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]] (brother)<br /> | assembly = Jammu and Kashmir Legislative<br /> | constituency_AM = [[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Nagrota]]<br /> | term_start = 23 December 2014<br /> | term_end = 31 October 2024<br /> | predecessor = [[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]<br /> | successor = [[Devyani Singh Rana]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2021–2024)<br /> | other_party = [[Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference]] (2014–2021) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Devender Singh Rana''' (1965 – 31 October 2024) was an Indian politician from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He was an MLA from [[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency]] in [[Jammu district]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Rana was from [[Malhori]] village, in the Chenab Valley region, [[Doda district|Doda District]] and was settled in Gandhi Nagar, Jammu district, Jammu and Kashmir. His Constituency was Nagrota, Jammu. He was the son of Rajinder Singh Rana, and brother of senior BJP leader and MP Jitendra Singh. He completed his B.Sc. and Civil Engineering in 1986 at [[Nit Kurukshetra|NIT, Kurukshetra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Devender Singh Rana (JKNC): Constituency − Nagrota (Jammu) − Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/jk2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=797 |access-date=16 September 2024 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Devender Singh Rana (BJP): Constituency − Nagrota (Jammu) − Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/JammuKashmir2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=922|access-date=16 September 2024 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Rana became an MLA for the first time winning from Nagrota Assembly constituency representing the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference in the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Devender Singh Rana wins from Nagrota |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/devender-singh-rana-wins-from-nagrota/videoshow/45614839.cms |access-date=16 September 2024 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He polled 23,678 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Nand Kishore of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 4,048 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 December 2014 |title=National Conference's Davinder Singh Rana wins Nagrota Assembly seat |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/national-conferences-davinder-singh-rana-wins-nagrota-assembly-seat/articleshow/45616710.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; He regained the Nagrota seat in the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 Assembly election]] as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party by defeating National Conference candidate Joginder Singh by a margin of 30,472 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=India (PTI) |first=Press Trust of |date=12 September 2024 |title=JK Polls: BJP's Devender Rana Files Nomination from Nagrota Seat |url=https://kashmirlife.net/jk-polls-bjps-devender-rana-files-nomination-from-nagrota-seat-366231/ |access-date=16 September 2024 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=The Economic Times |date=8 October 2024 |title=Jammu and Kashmir Election: BJP's Devender Rana wins with highest margin, PDP's Rafiq Ahmad Naik with lowest |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/jammu-kashmir/jammu-and-kashmir-election-bjps-devender-rana-wins-with-highest-margin-pdps-rafiq-ahmad-naik-with-lowest/articleshow/114050781.cms?from=mdr |accessdate=13 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Electoral performance ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Election !! Constituency !! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]||[[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||{{Won}}||64.94%||Joginder Singh||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}||23.81%||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&amp;K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]||[[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir]]||{{party name with color|Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference}}||{{Won}}||39.03%||Nand Kishore||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||32.35%||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu &amp; Kashmir 2014 - Jammu &amp; Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Personal life and death ==<br /> Rana was the younger brother of Union minister [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;death&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=31 October 2024 |title=J&amp;K BJP MLA Devender Singh Rana passes away at 59 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/jk-bjp-mla-devender-singh-rana-passes-away-at-59/article68818121.ece |access-date=1 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rana died after a brief illness at Mata Amritanandamayi Hospital in [[Faridabad]], on 31 October 2024.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jk-bjp-mla-devender-singh-rana-passes-away-101730401593502-amp.html J&amp;K BJP MLA Devender Singh Rana passes away]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;death&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rana, Devender Singh}}<br /> [[Category:1965 births]]<br /> [[Category:2024 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]<br /> [[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:People from Doda district]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anil_Parashar&diff=486601 2026-04-29T19:56:05Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: Added stub!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Anil Parashar<br /> | office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = March 2017<br /> | term_end = <br /> | constituency = [[Koil Assembly constituency|Koil]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Zameer Ullah Khan]]<br /> | successor = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|09|5}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | occupation = [[Lawyer]]<br /> | profession = [[Politician]]<br /> | father = Ram Prasad Sarmah<br /> | spouse = Hemlata Parashar<br /> | children = 2<br /> | alma_mater = [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]]<br /> | education = [[Bachelor of Laws]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Anil Parashar''' is an Indian [[politician]], [[lawyer]], and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Koil Assembly constituency]] of [[Aligarh district]].&lt;ref name=&quot;upla&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18075/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in |access-date=12 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;on&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/anil-parashar/ |title=Anil Parashar, BJP MLA from Koil |website=ourneta.com |access-date=12 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/aligarh-city-anil-parashar-made-a-new-record-in-aligarhs-kol-assembly-seat-22534606.html |title=अलीगढ़ की कोल विधानसभा सीट पर अनिल पाराशर ने बनाया नया रिकार्ड |language=hi |date=11 March 2022 |author=Anil Kushwaha |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |access-date=12 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref name=&quot;upla&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;on&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/anil-parashar |title=Anil Parashar |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=prsindia.org |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> <br /> Anil Parashar was born on 5 September 1971 in [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], to a [[Hindu]] [[Brahmin]] family of Ram Prasad Sarmah.&lt;ref name=&quot;upla&quot;/&gt; He married Hemlata Parashar on 5 January 1976, and they had two children.&lt;ref name=&quot;upla&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> <br /> Anil Parashar completed his education with a [[Bachelor of Science]] and later a [[Bachelor of Laws]] at [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]], [[Agar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=373 |title=Anil Parashar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KOIL(ALIGARH) |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Posts held ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !#<br /> !From<br /> !To<br /> !Position<br /> !Comments<br /> |-<br /> |01<br /> |2017<br /> |2022<br /> |Member, [[17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |02<br /> |2022<br /> |Incumbent<br /> |Member, [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Koil Assembly constituency]]<br /> * [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]<br /> * [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Portal bar|India|Politics}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Parashar, Anil}}<br /> [[Category:1971 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian political people]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]<br /> [[Category:People from Aligarh]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> {{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaoli_Assembly_constituency&diff=505722 2026-04-29T16:59:24Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Jaoli<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | state = Maharashtra<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | abolished = 1999&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | electors = 175,448<br /> | mla = Shinde Shashikant Jayawantrao<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br /> | constituency_no =<br /> | latest_election_year = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> | district =<br /> | loksabha_cons =<br /> | reservation =<br /> }}<br /> &lt;b&gt;Jaoli Assembly constituency &lt;/b&gt;was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> <br /> |- <br /> | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Krishnarao Haribhau Tarade|| {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=2 | Bhiku Daji Bhilare alias Bhilare Guruji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Lalsingrao Bapuso Shinde <br /> |- <br /> | [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Bhiku Daji Bhilare alias Bhilare Guruji<br /> |- <br /> | [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] ||rowspan=2 | Dhondiram Bhikoba Kadam|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |- <br /> | 1986 elections in India#Maharashtra|1986^ || rowspan=2 | Genuji Govind Kadam<br /> |- <br /> | [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Sadashiv (Bhau) Pandurang Sapkal || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan=2 | [[Shashikant Shinde]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2004===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[ Shashikant Shinde]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 89,240 |percentage = 59.78% |change={{increase}}12.76 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sapkal Sadashiv Pandurang |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 45,701 |percentage = 30.61% |change={{decrease}}5.95 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kadam Babasaheb Shivaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,669 |percentage = 4.47% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Sarjerao Vitthal |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,459 |percentage = 2.32% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Joseph Henry Francis |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,878 |percentage = 1.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bagal Sadashiv Sahebrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,344 |percentage = 0.90% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 43,539 |percentage = 29.16% |change= {{increase}}18.70 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 149,352 |percentage = 71.71% |change= {{increase}}2.23 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 149,291}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 208,279|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.71 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}12.76 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1999===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[ Shashikant Shinde]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=54,782 |percentage=44.94% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sapkal Sadashiv Pandurang |party=Shiv Sena |votes=42,596 |percentage=34.94% |change={{decrease}}4.41 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Sahebrao Abaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,053 |percentage=13.17% |change={{decrease}}22.37 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Santosh Laxman |party=Independent politician |votes=1,445 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kambale Vilas Namdeo |party=Independent politician |votes=747 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,186 |percentage=10.00% |change= {{increase}}6.18 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=121,901 |percentage=66.41% |change= {{decrease}}3.83 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 175,448 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.23 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}5.59 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1995===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Sapkal Sadashiv Pandurang |party=Shiv Sena |votes=50,500 |percentage=39.35% |change={{increase}}19.49 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kadam Genuji Govind |party=Indian National Congress |votes=45,600 |percentage=35.54% |change={{decrease}}9.05 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Sahebrao Abaji |party=Independent politician |votes=13,955 |percentage=10.88% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gulabrao Waman Sanas |party=Independent politician |votes=5,736 |percentage=4.47% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Mahindra Kisan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,160 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gavhale Kisan Rao Aba |party=Independent politician |votes=1,329 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Jagannath Nunekar |party=Independent politician |votes=922 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,900 |percentage=3.82% |change= {{decrease}}20.90 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=128,320 |percentage=71.22% |change= {{increase}}8.07 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 175,042 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.77 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Shiv Sena |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.23 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1990===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kadam Genuji Govind |party=Indian National Congress |votes=46,383 |percentage=44.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sapkal Sadashiv Pandurang |party=Shiv Sena |votes=20,662 |percentage=19.86% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Sahebrao Abaji |party=Independent politician |votes=17,962 |percentage=17.27% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sabale Balkrishna Anant |party=Janata Dal |votes=7,386 |percentage=7.10% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mardhekar Mansingh Genu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,338 |percentage=4.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=More Suresh Balu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,187 |percentage=4.02% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,721 |percentage=24.72% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=104,036 |percentage=64.19% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,466 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly By-election 1986===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1986 elections in India#Maharashtra|1986 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kadam Genuji Govind |party=Indian National Congress |votes=44,852 |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=J. P. Alias. B. D |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes=39,035 |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,817 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1985===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dhondiram Bhikoba Kadam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,057 |percentage=53.50% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lalsingrao Bapuso Shinde |party=Independent politician |votes=24,429 |percentage=30.35% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Maruti Padoba Phalae Alias Phalane Guruji |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,988 |percentage=9.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Nivruti Ishwara |party=Independent politician |votes=2,449 |percentage=3.04% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sahebrao Shivram Biramane |party=Independent politician |votes=1,057 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,628 |percentage=23.15% |change= {{increase}}21.45 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=80,482 |percentage=65.53% |change= {{increase}}1.83 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,522 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.42 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (U) |swing= {{increase}}3.54 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kadam Dhondiram Bhikoba |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=37,095 |percentage=49.96% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sabale Balkrishna Anant |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=35,834 |percentage=48.26% |change={{increase}}34.66 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,261 |percentage=1.70% |change= {{decrease}}3.81 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=74,250 |percentage=63.79% |change= {{decrease}}5.39 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 114,325 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.23 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (U) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1978===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bnilare Bhiku Daji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,217 |percentage=31.25% |change={{decrease}}31.30 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sabale Balkrishna Anant |party=Independent politician |votes=19,123 |percentage=25.74% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mardhekar Mansingh Genu |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=10,109 |percentage=13.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Madhu Shivajirao |party=Janata Party |votes=7,481 |percentage=10.07% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhilare Maruti Rayaji |party=Independent politician |votes=5,819 |percentage=7.83% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gole Dhondiba Ramchandra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,663 |percentage=2.24% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhilare Shankar Ganpat |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes=1,571 |percentage=2.11% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,094 |percentage=5.51% |change= {{decrease}}23.07 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=74,299 |percentage=68.96% |change= {{increase}}4.43 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,632 |ref = |change= {{increase}}38.22 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}31.30 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1972===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Lalsingrao Bapuso Shinde |party=Indian National Congress |votes=31,504 |percentage=62.55% |change={{decrease}}13.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhilare Maruti Rayaji |party=Independent politician |votes=17,111 |percentage=33.97% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,393 |percentage=28.58% |change= {{decrease}}36.96 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=50,365 |percentage=64.01% |change= {{decrease}}0.24 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,422 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.68 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bnilare Bhiku Daji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,618 |percentage=75.94% |change={{increase}}2.86 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. H. Tarade |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes=4,466 |percentage=10.40% |change={{decrease}}4.15 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=L. K. Shinde |party=Independent politician |votes=2,075 |percentage=4.83% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. I. Gaikwad |party=Independent politician |votes=2,057 |percentage=4.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,152 |percentage=65.54% |change= {{increase}}7.00 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=42,953 |percentage=63.47% |change= {{decrease}}4.05 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,940 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.21 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.86 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bnilare Bhiku Daji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,423 |percentage = 77.05% |change={{increase}}49.06 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganpat Shivram Bhilare |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 5,656 |percentage = 15.33% |change={{decrease}}29.59 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Govindrao Khanderao Shinde |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 2,811 |percentage = 7.62% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,767 |percentage = 61.72% |change= {{increase}}44.78 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 38,892 |percentage = 70.20% |change= {{increase}}18.45 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,890}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,404|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.65 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing= {{increase}}32.13 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Jaoli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Tarade Krishnarao Haribhau |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 11,338 |percentage = 44.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Omble Baburao Ramchandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 7,064 |percentage = 27.99% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sankpal Babu Dhondiba |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,648 |percentage = 14.45% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shinde Govind Khanderao |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,189 |percentage = 12.64% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,274 |percentage = 16.93% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 25,239 |percentage = 48.13% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,239}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,439|ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Maharashtra}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br /> {{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memories_(2013_film)&diff=517403 2026-04-25T07:09:06Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: post - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Memories<br /> | image = Memories (2013 film).jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Jeethu Joseph]]<br /> | producer = P K Muralidharan&lt;br /&gt;Santha Murali<br /> | writer = Jeethu Joseph<br /> | starring = [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]&lt;br /&gt;[[S. P. Sreekumar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Meghana Raj]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Miya (actress)|Miya George]]<br /> | music = '''Songs:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Sejo John]]&lt;br/&gt;'''Score:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Anil Johnson]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Sujith Vaassudev]]<br /> | editing = [[Johnkutty]]<br /> | studio = Anantha Visions<br /> | distributor = Murali Films &amp; Tricolor Entertainments<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|8|9}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | runtime = 143 minutes<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Memories''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[slasher film]] written and directed by [[Jeethu Joseph]]. The film stars [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[S. P. Sreekumar]], [[Meghana Raj]], [[Miya George]], [[Vijayaraghavan]], [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]], [[Rahul Madhav]], and [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]]. It revolves around a drunkard police officer Sam Alex, who is forced into investigating a series of serial murders.<br /> <br /> ''Memories'' was released on 9 August 2013 to positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success.<br /> <br /> It has since gained [[cult status]] and is regarded as one of the finest and most entertaining crime thrillers in [[Malayalam cinema]]. It was remade in Tamil as ''[[Aarathu Sinam]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Sam Alex is an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer in [[Kerala Police]], who is heavily dependent on [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] to ease the loss of his family. Sam was a brave, dynamic, efficient and daring officer and a good team commander and a peaceful family guy, leading a good life with his family. His beloved wife, Teena and daughter were murdered by a terrorist right in front of his eyes, as a revenge for killing his brother. He kills the terrorist and as a result, turns into an alcoholic. Sam's superior officer, [[Inspector-general of police|IG]] Aravindaksha Menon, requests him to proceed with a parallel investigation in a case involving the disappearance and possible kidnapping of several young married men, since the present police team is not able to make any progress in the case.<br /> <br /> Sam refuses to do this. Later, his mother, Marykutty, requests him to take up the investigation. Sam soon gets into the case files and consults the [[Autopsy|post-mortem]] documents and the doctors who conducted it. Soon, Sam makes a breakthrough in the case. Another two kidnappings happen, and all this leads to Sam's conclusion of the killer. The killer is an eccentric person, who has a limp and a short right leg and either hates or loves women. The killer leaves certain clues inscribed by a sharp [[surgical knife]] on the chest of the victims.<br /> <br /> This serves Sam's thinking of what kind of person the killer is and who is his next target. Upon careful examination of the words inscribed in the body of the victims, Sam uncovers that the words are actually [[Aramaic]], the language [[Jesus]] used for communication. The words are later found to point to biblical proverbs, thus helping Sam lead to the conclusion that the killer is insane and assumes the victims gave up their lives for the sins committed by their respective wives. He also finds out that these killings have similarities with the crucifixion of [[Jesus Christ]], i.e. a calculation of three days. The victims were taken away on a Friday and their bodies are recovered on the following Sunday. He calls the wives of victims for an inquiry meeting and tells them that they had a link with a guy named Anand, who studied with them a certain years back, but there was no evidence of such a person. Sam concludes that Anand changed his identity and is living under a new name, Peter.<br /> <br /> Sam realizes that there is a final target that Anand will not miss and will disappear after that. He eventually finds out that the target is his brother, Sanju, and his wife, Anitha, is the last link in the connection. Sam finds out with the help of his colleague and other evidence that Anand has a property near [[Kottayam]]. He goes there to save Sanju. After killing Anand, Sam gives up drinking, and he finally moves on and adopts Anand's sister Parvathi's daughter.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] as Sam Alex<br /> *[[S. P. Sreekumar]] as Peter / Anand <br /> *[[Miya George]] as Varsha Mathews <br /> *[[Meghana Raj]] as Teena Sam, Sam's late wife <br /> *[[Vijayaraghavan]] as [[Inspector-general of police|IG]] Aravindhaksha Menon<br /> *[[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Vinod Krishna<br /> *[[Sreejith Ravi]] as [[Inspector|CI]] Antony<br /> *[[Nedumudi Venu]] as Father John<br /> *[[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Marykutty, Sam's mother<br /> *[[Rahul Madhav]] as Sanju, Sam's brother<br /> *[[Irshad Ali (actor)|Irshad]] as Isaac <br /> *[[Praveena]] as Parvathi Isaac<br /> *Baiju V. K. as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Suresh<br /> *[[Balaji Sarma]] as [[Constable]] Somasekharan<br /> *[[Jijoy Rajagopal]] as Dr. Shammi<br /> *[[Madhupal]] as Dr. Sukumaran Nair<br /> *[[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Krishna Pillai<br /> *[[Seema G. Nair]] as Valsamma<br /> *[[Mahalakshmi Sarveshwaran]] as Vimala Menon<br /> *[[Aneesh G. Menon]] as Vijay<br /> *[[Neeraj Madhav]] as Mechanic<br /> *[[Koottickal Jayachandran]] as Shop owner <br /> *[[Vineeth Mohan]] as Ramesh<br /> *Disney James as Terrorist<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> [[Sify|Sify.com]] rated the film as &quot;Good&quot;, stating that &quot;''Memories'' is an engaging film that has been well made.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130813085438/http://www.sify.com/movies/memories-review-malayalam-15036043.html Memories - Review], Web.archive.org&lt;/ref&gt; Gayathry of [[Oneindia.in]] says that &quot;''Memories'' is undoubtedly an entertaining investigation movie.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2013/memories-movie-review-116835.html|title=Memories - Movie Review|date=9 August 2013|website=Filmibeat.com|access-date=24 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aswin of [[The Times of India]] says that &quot;''Memories'' is an engaging watch, courtesy a good plot and a cast that does justice to the plot.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/memories/movie-review/21757526.cms|title=Memories Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Memories by Times of India|access-date=24 November 2021|newspaper=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indiaglitz.com says that &quot;''Memories'' is a thriller which may find space among the list of well crafted suspense thrillers in Mollywood.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130806024708/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/17438.html Memories - Review - Indiaglitz]{{Rating|7|10|score=6.75/10 stars}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nowrunning.com rated the film as &quot;Above Average&quot;, stating that &quot;''Memories'' is a decent entertainer and stunning thriller in which plot twists abound, and the ambiance is laced with intrigue.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/12028/malayalam/memories/index.htm|title=Memories (2013) &amp;#124; Memories Malayalam Movie &amp;#124; Movie Reviews, Showtimes|website=Nowrunning.com|date=29 January 2013 |access-date=24 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> The music for the film was composed by [[Sejo John]] with the background score composed by [[Anil Johnson]].{{Infobox album<br /> | name = Memories<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sejo John]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Original CD cover<br /> | released = {{Start date|2013}}<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = <br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | label = [[Sony Music India]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = [[Housefull (2013 film)|Housefull]]<br /> | prev_year = 2013<br /> | next_title = 6B Paradise<br /> | next_year = 2013<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Artist(s)<br /> | all_music = <br /> | title1 = Thirayum Theeravum<br /> | lyrics1 = Sejo John<br /> | extra1 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]<br /> | title2 = Memories<br /> | lyrics2 = Shelton Pinheiro<br /> | extra2 = Shelton Pinheiro<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> <br /> * [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography]] (Sujith Vaassudev)<br /> * [[Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Award for Most Popular Actor]] (Prithviraj)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|3124456}}<br /> <br /> {{Jeethu Joseph}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian detective films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s mystery thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Jeethu Joseph]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]<br /> [[Category:2010s police procedural films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s serial killer films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian serial killer films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:Films about murder]]<br /> [[Category:Films about murderers]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanaleshwara_Swayambhu_Temple&diff=534510 2026-04-24T01:31:08Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started the location added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hindu Temple in Rajpura, Patiala district, Punjab, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox Hindu temple<br /> |image=File:ShanaleshwaraSwayambhuTemple.jpg<br /> |temple_tree=[[Banyan]]<br /> |country=India<br /> |state=[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /> |location=[[Rajpura]]<br /> |native_name=श्री शानालेश्वर स्वयंभू मन्दिर<br /> |caption=Shanaleshwara Swayambhu Temple, Nalas<br /> |website={{URL|www.shanaleshwara.in/}}<br /> |coordinates={{coord|30|32|16.08|N|76|34|51.96|E}}<br /> |map_type=India<br /> |map_relief=yes<br /> |district=[[Patiala]]<br /> |deity=Lord [[Shiva]]<br /> |festivals=[[Maha Shivaratri]], [[Guru Purnima]] and also [[Yajna|MahaRudra Yajna]]}}<br /> <br /> '''Shanaleshwara Swayambhu Temple''' ({{langx|sa|श्री शानालेश्वर स्वयंभू मन्दिर}}) dedicated to the worship of Lord [[Shiva]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-03-01 |title=550 Years Old Lord Shiva Temple |url=https://www.aajsamaaj.com/religious-places/550-years-old-lord-shiva-temple/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Shanaleshwara&quot; means, the sign that is worshiped as Lord Shiva. It is situated at 7 Kilometre away in the Nalas village of [[Rajpura]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Know about famous Nalas Lord Shiva Temple Rajpura, Punjab {{!}} 11th November, 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsTGXQ27FIQ |language=en |access-date=2022-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is maintained by the [[Sadhu|ascetic sadhu]]'s of [[Akhara|Juna Akhara]] Foundation.<br /> <br /> == Temple ==<br /> <br /> === Swayambhu ===<br /> [[File:A view of Shanaleshwara Swayambhu lingam.jpg|thumb|Inside the Temple a view of Shanaleshwara Swayambhu lingam 'decorated for evening worship' ]]<br /> Inside the Shanaleshwara Temple is the [[Swayambhu]] lingam of Lord Shiva.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-08-09 |title=भोलेनाथ का ऐसा चमत्कारी मंदिर जहां मौली बांधने से हर मन्नत होती है पूरी, यहां खुद प्रकट हुआ था शिवलिंग {{!}} nalas shiv mandir rajpura in punjab |url=https://www.patrika.com/temples/nalas-shiv-mandir-rajpura-in-punjab-3232432/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Patrika News |language=hi-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jankaari |first=Acchi |date=2021-10-10 |title=मौली बांधने से महादेव के मंदिर में हर मुराद होती है पूरी, चमत्कारिक रूप से प्रकट हुआ था शिवलिंग |url=https://acchijankaari.in/story-of-the-ancient-shiva-temple-of-rajpura-nalas/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Acchi Jankaari- अच्छी जानकारी |language=en-US |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307155445/https://acchijankaari.in/story-of-the-ancient-shiva-temple-of-rajpura-nalas/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=भोलेनाथ के इस मंदिर में स्वयं प्रकट हुआ था शिवलिंग, मान्यता ऐसी कि खाली नहीं जाती मुराद |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/chandigarh/maha-shivratri-2018-nalas-shiv-temple-in-rajpura-of-punjab |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shiva in the lingam form is believed to be Swayambhu. Swayambhu lingams are Self-created or natural lingams, discovered in the place where they now stand. Most of these are oval- shaped stones. These lingams do not need a [[Prana Pratishtha|''prana pratishtha'']], because a Swayambhu lingam already inherently embodies the power of Shiva.<br /> <br /> === Importance ===<br /> [[Maha Shivaratri]] is great festival here, three-days fair is held here every year on Maha Shivaratri and lakhs of people come to the fair to ask for a vow. It has been a tradition that on Maha Shivaratri and in this area (near Rajpura) most of the devotees start their journey on foot&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=प्राचीन शिव मंदिर नलास में लाखों महिलाएं करेंगी कलश परिक्रमा |url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/patiala-millions-of-devotee-worship-lord-shiva-in-nalas-temple-21451372.html |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; from their homes to the Shanaleshwara temple and volunteers serve food to the devotees along the way.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahashivratri Preparation in Nalas-Shiv-Mandir |url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/patiala-mahashiv-ratri-prepration-in-nalas-shiv-mandir-22495511.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=m.jagran.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1592, [[Maharaja of Patiala]] built this temple.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nalas Temple History |url=https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=nalas+temple+history |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=www.youtube.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Since the 15th century temple has been home to [[Sadhu]]'s. The [[Lingam]] of Shanaleshwara is also known to be [[Pancha Bhoota]]. The temple of Shanaleshwara is a place of Guru–shishya tradition.<br /> <br /> === Timing ===<br /> <br /> Each row displays several details. Some are there by default, others can be added. These are the available Timings (GMT+5:30):<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |In the daytime or nighttime<br /> |-<br /> |{{Format time|04|00}}<br /> |''to''<br /> |{{Format time|11|45}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Morning<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Evening<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Format time|14|30}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''to''<br /> |{{Format time|20|00}}<br /> |Winter's<br /> |-<br /> |{{Format time|20|30}}<br /> |Summer's<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Format time|14|30}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''to''<br /> |{{Format time|21|00}}<br /> |Winter on Monday<br /> |-<br /> |{{Format time|21|30}}<br /> |Summer on Monday<br /> |-<br /> |{{Format time|04|00}}<br /> |''to''<br /> |{{Format time|23|45}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |on Trayodashi<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> According to the legend, a cow always showered own milk on the lingam. Nalas region was in jungle, at that time [[Cowman (profession)|cowherds]] used to came to feed their [[cattle]]'s.<br /> <br /> A cowherd (Gujjar) noticed that one of his cows would regularly stand over a specific bush in the forest and shed her milk voluntarily. Curious and somewhat frustrated, the owner began digging at that spot with an axe. As the axe struck a stone buried in the ground, blood began to flow from it. A sage named Swami Karam Giri, who was meditating nearby, realized the divine nature of the stone. It was discovered to be a Swayambhu (self-manifested) Shivling. To this day, the Shivling is said to bear the mark of the axe strike. Legend says his elephant stopped exactly at the spot where the Shivling was found and refused to move. Recognizing the divine sign, the Maharaja commissioned the construction of the temple in approximately 1592 AD.<br /> <br /> == Access ==<br /> === Road ===<br /> From Rajpura to nalas village travelers can reach this destination by private vehicles.<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Shivalinga at Shanaleshwara Swayambhu Temple.jpg<br /> File:Shiva Statue 2025.jpg<br /> File:Shiva Statue back view.jpg<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Rajpura]]<br /> * [[Swayambhu]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Shiva temples]]<br /> [[Category:Shiva temples in India]]<br /> [[Category:Shiva temples in Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:15th-century Hindu temples]]<br /> [[Category:Shaivism]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_One_(TV_channel)&diff=537503 2026-04-21T11:30:50Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started initial entry v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Defunct Indian television channel}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox television channel<br /> | name = Star One<br /> | logo = <br /> | launch_date = 1 November 2004<br /> | closed_date = 18 December 2011&lt;ref name=&quot;STAR One Ceased&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k11/dec/dec84.php|title=Star One makes way for 'Life OK'|publisher=Indian Television.com|date=13 December 2011|access-date=14 December 2011|archive-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817215358/https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k11/dec/dec84.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; in India &lt;br&gt; 28 May 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;STAR One Ceased&quot;/&gt; in UK<br /> | network = [[Disney Star|Star India]]<br /> | owner = [[News Corporation]] ([[Disney Star|Star India]] and [[Fox Networks Group|Fox International Channels]])<br /> | headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | area = {{ubl|[[Indian subcontinent]]|[[United Kingdom]]|[[Ireland]]}}<br /> | replaced_by = [[Life OK]]<br /> | sister_channels = {{Collapsible list|list_style = text-align:left;|1 = {{ubl|[[StarPlus]]|[[Star Utsav]]|[[Star Gold]]|[[Star Pravah]]|[[Star Jalsha]]|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]|[[Star Vijay]]|[[Star Maa]]}}}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Star One''' was an Indian [[pay television]] [[television channel|channel]] based in [[Mumbai]] and owned by [[Disney Networks Group Asia Pacific|Star TV]], with worldwide distribution handled by [[Fox Networks Group|Fox International Channels]]. Launched on 1 November 2004, Star One was launched in the UK on [[Sky UK|Sky]] in November 2006.<br /> <br /> Star One was rebranded as [[Life OK]] on 18 December 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/star-tv-changes-star-one-to-life-ok-this-month|title=Star TV changes Star One to Life Ok this month|publisher=BizAsia UK|first=Raj|last=Baddhan|date=13 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910174416/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/star-tv-changes-star-one-to-life-ok-this-month|archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its British feed continued broadcasting in the UK and Ireland until 28 May 2012, when it was also rebranded as [[Life OK|Star Life OK]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/star-one-to-rebrand-to-star-life-ok-on-monday|title=Star One to rebrand to Star Life Ok on Monday|publisher=BizAsia UK|first=Lakh|last=Baddhan|date=25 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906194609/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/star-one-to-rebrand-to-star-life-ok-on-monday|archive-date=6 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Programming==<br /> This is the list of original programming formerly broadcast by Star One.<br /> <br /> ===Anthology===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Show<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Studio One''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2004/10/29/stories/2004102913700200.htm|title=Another 'One' from Star TV|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 September 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041212/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Children's television===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Show<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2005–2007<br /> |''Aflatoons''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/proguide/proguide.asp?channelid=14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124210352/http://app.indya.com:80/proguide/proguide.asp?channelid=14|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 November 2005|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=24 November 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiantelevision.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/july/july110.htm|title=Star One launching game show 'Super Sale' 15 August|date=8 July 2005|website=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=4 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204114209/https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/july/july110.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006–2009<br /> |''[[A.T.O.M. (TV series)|A.T.O.M]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Jetix/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421091613/http://app.indya.com/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 April 2009|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=21 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2005–2007<br /> |''[[Braceface]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208223919/http://app.indya.com/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2006|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=8 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2005–2006<br /> |''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://starone.indya.com/serials/jetixblock/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025074658/http://starone.indya.com/serials/jetixblock/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 October 2005|title=indya.com - STAR - STAR One - Jetix Block|date=25 October 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://starone.indya.com/serials/jetixblock/gargoyles/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051218171704/http://starone.indya.com/serials/jetixblock/gargoyles/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2005|title=indya.com - STAR - STAR One - Jetix Block|date=18 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006–2007<br /> |''[[Power Rangers Dino Thunder]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org2&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008–2009<br /> |''[[Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406021320/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 April 2008|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=6 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org1&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Power Rangers Ninja Storm]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202231954/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2008|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=2 February 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007–2008<br /> |''[[Power Rangers Wild Force]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org5&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303113704/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2007|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=3 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org4&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2005–2006<br /> |''[[Spider-Man (1967 TV series)|Spider-Man]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://starone.indya.com:80/serials/jetixblock/spiderman/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201041235/http://starone.indya.com:80/serials/jetixblock/spiderman/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2005|title=indya.com - STAR - STAR One - Jetix Series|date=1 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org3&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2005–2008<br /> |''[[The New Adventures of Lucky Luke]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/proguide/proguide.asp?channelid=14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230011426/http://app.indya.com:80/proguide/proguide.asp?channelid=14|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 December 2005|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=30 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325013019/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2008|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=25 March 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2005–2006<br /> |''[[Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Jetix&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/june/june63.htm|title=Buena Vista inks a deal with Star One for JETIX block|date=6 June 2005|access-date=9 June 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014058/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/june/june63.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321161038/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 March 2009|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=21 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007–2008<br /> |''[[W.I.T.C.H. (TV series)|W.I.T.C.H.]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org5&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006–2007<br /> |''[[The World of Tosh]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227231738/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2006|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=27 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Comedy===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Show<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2007–2008<br /> |''Annu Ki Ho Gayee Wah Bhai Wah''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/cupid-strikes-annu-and-ashu|title=Cupid strikes Annu and Ashu in Star One's show|date=20 February 2008|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723083724/https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/cupid-strikes-annu-and-ashu-080220|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007–2008<br /> |''[[Funjabbi Chak De]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/nov/novrel12.php|title=Join the Funjabbis on Star One with Mandira Bedi &amp; Navjot Singh Sidhu|date=16 November 2007|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014248/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/nov/novrel12.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2004–2007<br /> |''[[The Great Indian Comedy Show]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007<br /> |''HA HA HA''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/feb/febrel65.htm|title='HA HA HA' to be aired on 28 Feb 2007 on Star One|date=28 February 2007|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910042607/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/feb/febrel65.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2005<br /> |''Happy Go Lucky''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/jan/jan169.htm|title=Star One launches &quot;Happy Go Lucky&quot;|date=27 January 2005|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208203807/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/jan/jan169.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''[[Hey...Yehii To Haii Woh!]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> |''[[Hum Dono Hain Alag Alag]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2005<br /> |''[[Instant Khichdi]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=One&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/oct/oct104.htm|title=Star One to enter new programming vistas|date=11 October 2004|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=20 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920064740/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/oct/oct104.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2006–2007<br /> |''[[Kadvee Khattee Meethi]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/oct/oct149.htm|title=Star One to launch weekly show 'Kadvee Khatti Meethi' on 23 Oct|date=13 September 2006|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014109/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/oct/oct149.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006–2007<br /> |''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2007<br /> |''[[Naya Office Office]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2008–2009<br /> |''Paani Puri''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/02sumeet.htm|title=Sumeet Raghavan returns with Paani Puri|website=Rediff.com|access-date=9 April 2023|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006161250/https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/02sumeet.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2006<br /> |''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=One/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Drama===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Show<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2006–2007<br /> |''Betiyaan Apni Yaa Paraaya Dhan''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/interviews/i-want-be-chemistry-professor-gauri-nirgudkar|title=Beiyan Apna... on Star One|date=7 April 2007|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913100554/http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/interviews/i-want-be-chemistry-professor-gauri-nirgudkar|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007–2008<br /> |''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2010–2011<br /> |''[[Dhoondh Legi Manzil Humein]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2005<br /> |''Dil Kya Chahta Hai''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/dil-kya-chahta-hai-cast-demand-their-dues|title=Dil Kya Chahta Hai cast demand their dues!|date=8 May 2006|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913113914/http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/dil-kya-chahta-hai-cast-demand-their-dues|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007–2010<br /> |''[[Dill Mill Gayye]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/photos-brunch/medicaldramas/Article4-873369.aspx |title=Medical Dramas |work=Hindustan Times|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416193347/http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/photos-brunch/medicaldramas/Article4-873369.aspx |archive-date=16 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2010/dill-mill-gayye-end-happynote-081010.html|title=Dill Mill Gayye to end with a happy note|work=filmibeat.com|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=10 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810141732/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/news/2010/dill-mill-gayye-end-happynote-081010.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006<br /> |''Detective Omkar Nath (D.O.N.)''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060416/spectrum/main3.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|access-date=7 June 2023|archive-date=7 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607070321/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060416/spectrum/main3.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Family Business''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/20041129-coppola-the-godfather-legacy-centred-on-crime-family-inspires-bollywood-788909-2004-11-28|title=Family Planning|date=29 November 2004|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013124747/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/coppola-the-godfather-legacy-centred-on-crime-family-inspires-bollywood/1/194943.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2010–2011<br /> |''[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Guns &amp; Roses''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;&lt;ref name=launch/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''[[Hotel Kingston]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2005–2006<br /> |''[[India Calling]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2009–2010<br /> |''[[Jaane Pehchaane Se... Ye Ajnabbi]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2006–2007<br /> |''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2009–2010<br /> |''[[Love Ne Mila Di Jodi]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2008–2010<br /> |''[[Miley Jab Hum Tum]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Pari Hoon Main]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Pyar Ki Kashti Mein''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;&lt;ref name=Men/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2010–2011<br /> |''[[Rang Badalti Odhani]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2004–2006<br /> |''[[Remix (TV series)|Remix]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://starone.indya.com/serials/remix/index.html|title=Remix on Star One|access-date=31 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207164152/http://starone.indya.com/serials/remix/index.html|archive-date=7 February 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006<br /> |''[[Resham Dankh]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv//articleshow/15659868.cms|title=Resham Dankh on Star One|date=2 December 2006|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116131710/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv//articleshow/15659868.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006–2007<br /> |''Saathii Re''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/sep/sep132.htm|title=Star One to beef up prime time with Saathi Re|date=14 September 2006|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126081742/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/sep/sep132.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''[[Siddhanth (TV series)|Siddhant]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-siddhant-in-the-race-for-emmy-1044286|title=Siddhant in the race for Emmy|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=28 July 2006|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909194004/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-siddhant-in-the-race-for-emmy-1044286|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''[[Special Squad (Indian TV series)|Special Squad]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007<br /> |''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)|Viraasat]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2005–2006<br /> |''Yeh Dil Chahe More''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k5/dec/decrel20.htm|title=Yeh Dil Chahe More' on Star One; premieres on 19 December at 9 pm|date=5 December 2005|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014225/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k5/dec/decrel20.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2010–2011<br /> |''[[Yeh Ishq Haaye]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2011<br /> |''Yeh Tera Ghar Yeh Mera Ghar'' <br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Horror/supernatural===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Show<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2006–2007<br /> |''Ghost Bana Dost''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/dec/dec37.htm|title=StarOne unveils Milind Soman production 'Ghost Bana Dost'|date=4 December 2006|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014214/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/dec/dec37.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006–2010<br /> |''[[Mano Ya Na Mano (2006 TV series)|Mano Ya Na Mano]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2010–2011<br /> |''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> |''[[Shakuntala (TV series)|Shakuntala]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2006–2010<br /> |''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k6/nov/novrel31.htm|title=Star One's 'Shhh... Phir Koi Hai' premieres with a rating of 2.68|date=22 August 2006|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014258/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k6/nov/novrel31.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2010<br /> |''[[Star One Horror Nights]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.starone.in/show.aspx?sid=21 |title=STAR One Horror Nights |author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date= |website=Starone.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323000249/http://www.starone.in/show.aspx?sid=21 |archive-date=23 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Reality/uscripted===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Show<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2007<br /> |''Antakshari – The Great Challenge''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/07ant.htm|title=Antakshari on Star One|date=7 February 2007|access-date=8 April 2025 |website=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006<br /> |''Apni Tuning Jamegi''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/proguide/proguide.asp?channelid=14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060301163500/http://app.indya.com:80/proguide/proguide.asp?channelid=14|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 March 2006|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=1 March 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''Bingo Aur Suresh Menon''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/09suresh.htm|title=It feels good to be called a hero|website=Rediff.com|access-date=28 June 2019|archive-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723083804/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/09suresh.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Bluff Master''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;&lt;ref name=launch/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Body &amp; Soul''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;&lt;ref name=launch&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/star-one-channel-on-air-in-nov/117276/|title=Star One channel on air in Nov|website=Financialexpress.com|date=19 October 2004|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144705/http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/star-one-channel-on-air-in-nov/117276/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007–2008<br /> |''Bol Baby Bol''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantvtoday.com/adnan-sami-and-bol-baby-bol-contest/2007/10/28/|title=Adnan Sami and Bol Baby Bol Contest|access-date=28 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031112929/http://www.indiantvtoday.com/adnan-sami-and-bol-baby-bol-contest/2007/10/28/|archive-date=31 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/nov/novrel40.php|title=Sing in the blanks with Star One's &quot;Bol Baby Bol&quot;|date=15 November 2007|access-date=31 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Cook Na Kaho''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Television – Food for thought|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041205/spectrum/tv.htm|access-date=30 November 2014|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|issue=5 December 2004|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225142/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041205/spectrum/tv.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2006-2007<br /> |''Ek Se Badhkar Ek''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/dec/dec296.htm|title=Star One's &quot;Idea Ek Se Badhkar Ek&quot; to premiere on 30 december|date=29 December 2006|access-date=9 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Exotica''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2005<br /> |''Games Bond''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050710/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=The Tribune|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813085649/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050710/spectrum/tv.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2005–2008<br /> |''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k6/mar/marrel6.htm|title=Star One's Laughter Challenge creates history|date=6 March 2006|access-date=31 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> |''Hans Baliye''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k9/may/may314.php|title=Star One launches couple comedy show &quot;Hans Baliye&quot;|date=30 May 2009|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014120/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k9/may/may314.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Har Ghar Kuch Kehta Hai''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2006<br /> |''Heartbeat''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/14713_STAR-One-ready-to-set-hearts-racing-with-Heartbeat|title=STAR One ready to set hearts racing with 'Heartbeat'|date=13 April 2006|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723083810/https://www.afaqs.com/news/marketing/14713_STAR-One-ready-to-set-hearts-racing-with-Heartbeat|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008–2009<br /> |''[[Hello Kaun? Pehchaan Kaun]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''He Man''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt;&lt;ref name=Men&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/oct/23spec.htm|title=Men tune in to Star One|date=24 October 2004|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144648/http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/oct/23spec.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2004–2006<br /> |''Home Shanti Home''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://starone.indya.com/serials/hsh/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214202353/http://starone.indya.com/serials/hsh/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 December 2005|title=indya.com - STAR - STAR One - Home Shanti Home|date=14 December 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2010<br /> |''[[India's Magic Star]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2006<br /> |''Jet Set Go''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Chakrabarti |first=Srabanti |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/star/20060210.htm|title=4 new shows for Friday television|date=10 February 2006|website=Rediff.com |access-date=7 April 2025 |quote=Finally, Jet Set Go! -- March 10, 8 pm -- a reality show where four field anchors (Gurdeep Kohli, Tasneem Sheikh, Kiran Dubey and Aashka Goradia) at separate locations within a city, will try persuade a common man to take an all-expenses-paid vacation. The catch is the contestant needs to Jet Set Go! from where he or she collects the passport, and reach the airport against time and other contestants to collect the only available ticket. Raju Srivastava is the studio anchor.}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Kisko Milega Cash]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2005–2007<br /> |''[[Koffee with Karan]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/jan/jan202.htm|title=Koffee with Karan' to simulcast on Star One, World|date=19 January 2007|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614061121/https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/jan/jan202.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Lakme Fashion House''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/dec/dec34.htm|title=&quot;Lakme Fashion House&quot; to launch on Star One|date=4 December 2004|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125015842/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/dec/dec34.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> |''Laughter Ke Phatke''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-media-entertainment/star-one-launches-laughter-ke-phatke-113092902440_1.html|title=STAR One launches Laughter Ke Phatke!|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913004613/http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-media-entertainment/star-one-launches-laughter-ke-phatke-113092902440_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008–2009<br /> |''[[Laughter Knights]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k8/dec/decrel19.php|title=Star One presents Clinic all clear laughter knights|date=8 December 2008|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014237/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k8/dec/decrel19.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2007–2008<br /> |''[[Lead India]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/19797_TOI-Lead-India-campaign-turns-into-reality-show-on-STAR-One|title=TOI 'Lead India' campaign turns into reality show on STAR One|date=27 November 2007|access-date=4 September 2017|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905182849/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/19797_TOI-Lead-India-campaign-turns-into-reality-show-on-STAR-One|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2004–2005<br /> |''Men Mange More''<br /> |&lt;ref name=Hind/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2005–2006<br /> |''[[Nach Baliye]]'' <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2007<br /> |''[[Ranvir Vinay Aur Kaun?]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/aug/augrel46.php|title=Watch Ranvir, Vinay aur kaun on Star One|date=15 August 2007|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=1 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901065257/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/aug/augrel46.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2005<br /> |''Super Sale''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=N |first=Patcy |date=9 November 2005 |title=Now Playing on TV |url=https://rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/09game4.htm|website=Rediff.com |access-date=16 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Zara Nachke Dikha]]''<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Reruns of Star Plus series===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Show<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org4&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2006<br /> |''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2019/12-yr-old-sara-ali-khan-greet-amitabh-bachchan-adaab-kaun-banega-crorepati-viral-vid-throwback-283588.html|title=Sara Ali Khan on Kaun Banega Crorepati|access-date=8 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2009–2010<br /> |''Mind Games - Baazi Dimag Ki''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org7&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091226221812/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 December 2009|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=26 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''Mum Tum Aur Hum''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org6&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017144952/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2008|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=17 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org6&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat – Thoda Jaadu, Thodi Nazaakat]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916132222/http://app.indya.com:80/epg/asp/displaySchedules.asp?ddChannelName=starone|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 September 2008|title=STAR - Programme Guide|date=16 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2009<br /> |''[[Shanno Ki Shaadi]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org1&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Son Pari]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org4&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2009–2010<br /> |''[[Tere Mere Beach Mein]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org7&quot;/&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2008<br /> |''[[Vikraal Aur Gabraal]]''<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org3&quot;/&gt; <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Star One UK===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Show<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2009–2010<br /> |''Hot Seat''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.adgully.com/star-one-launches-chat-show-hot-seat-41310.html|title=Star One launches chat show 'Hot Seat'|website=adgully.com|date=18 November 2009|access-date=18 July 2019|archive-date=18 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718022138/https://www.adgully.com/star-one-launches-chat-show-hot-seat-41310.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.startv.in/channels.asp?channel_id=2 Star One programming on Star Player] (online portal)<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20041103022506/http://starone.indya.com/ indya.com - STAR - STAR One] (Wayback)<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050129054808/http://starone.indya.com/index.html indya.com - STAR - STAR One] (Wayback)<br /> <br /> {{STAR One}}<br /> {{Lists of TV programs by country}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Star One}}<br /> [[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2004]]<br /> [[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2011]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television stations]]<br /> [[Category:Defunct television channels in India]]<br /> [[Category:Disney Star]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naihati_Junction_railway_station&diff=520021 2026-04-20T15:34:03Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}<br /> {{distinguish|Nalhati Junction railway station}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = Naihati Junction<br /> | grade = NSG 2 Priority<br /> | type = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Indian Railways]]<br /> * [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]]<br /> }}<br /> | native_name_lang = bn<br /> | symbol = s<br /> | symbol_location = kolkata<br /> | style = Kolkata Suburban Railway<br /> | image = Naihati Junction Railway Station - Rishi Bankim Chandra Road - Naihati - North 24 Parganas 20180617145025.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Naihati Junction<br /> | address = Rishi Bankimchandra Road, [[Naihati]], [[North 24 Parganas district]], [[West Bengal]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|22.887602|88.418096|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | elevation = {{convert|16|m|ft}}<br /> | line = [[Sealdah– Naihati- Ranaghat Main line]] of [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]]&lt;br/&gt;Naihati–Bandel link of [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]]<br /> | other = <br /> | structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]<br /> | platform = 6<br /> | tracks = 9<br /> | amrit bharat grade = A<br /> | parking = Not available<br /> | bicycle = Not available<br /> | opened = {{Start date and age|1862}}<br /> | closed = <br /> | rebuilt = <br /> | electrified = 1963–{{Start date and age|1965}}<br /> | accessible = available<br /> | code = {{Indian railway code<br /> | code = NH<br /> | zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]<br /> | division = {{rwd|Sealdah}}<br /> }}<br /> | owned = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]<br /> | status = Functioning<br /> | former = [[Eastern Bengal Railway]]<br /> | passengers = <br /> | pass_year = <br /> | pass_percent = <br /> | pass_system = <br /> | map_type = India West Bengal#India<br /> | map_dot_label = Naihati Junction<br /> | map_size = 300<br /> | map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India<br /> | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Kolkata Suburban Railway<br /> |line=Eastern|left=Kankinara|right=Garifa|to-left=Sealdah|to-right=Bandel Junction|type=[[Sealdah– Naihati line|Main line]]<br /> |line2=Eastern|left2=Kankinara|right2=Halisahar|to-left2=Sealdah|to-right2=Ranaghat Junction|type2=[[Sealdah–Ranaghat line|Main line]]}}<br /> | connections = Radhikapur Express, Teesta-Torsa Express, Gour Express, Lalgola Passenger, Ajmer Express, Kolkata - Jhansi Express.<br /> | route_map = {{Sealdah–Ranaghat line}}{{Howrah–Bardhaman main line}}<br /> | map_state = collapsed<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Naihati Junction''' is a [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] junction station on the [[Sealdah–Ranaghat line|Sealdah–Naihati line]] and Naihati–Bandel link. It is located in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It serves [[Naihati]] and the surrounding areas including East Naihati, West Naihati, Gouripur, and Rajendrapur.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Calcutta (Sealdah)-Kusthia line of [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] was opened to traffic in 1862.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html|title =IR History: Early days (1832-1865) | publisher=IRFCA | access-date = 2 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eastern Bengal Railway worked on the eastern side of the [[Hooghly River]], which in those days was unbridged.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Bengal_Railway |title =Eastern Bengal Railway | publisher=fibis | access-date = 2 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1857, the [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] (EBR) was constituted to lay the railway tracks along the eastern bank of the [[Hooghly River]] up to [[Kushtia District|Kushtia]]. The [[Jubilee Bridge (India)|Jubilee Bridge]] linking [[Bandel]] and [[Naihati]] was opened on 21 February 1887, so that up country freight traffic could be transported to the [[Port of Kolkata|Kolkata port]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Sukanta Chaudhuri|Chaudhuri, Sukanta]], ''The Railway Comes to Calcutta'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol. I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, p. 239, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-19-563696-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With the opening of the [[Jubilee Bridge (India)|Jubilee Bridge]] in 1887, [[Naihati]] was linked to {{stnlnk|Bandel}} on the [[Howrah–Bardhaman main line]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-amazing-railway-bridges/20111010.htm#7 |title = India's amazing railway bridges |work=Jubilee Bridge| publisher=rediff.com | access-date = 2 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Railway service==<br /> <br /> [[File: Naihati Junction Station Board.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Naihati Station Board]]<br /> <br /> Naihati Junction railway station is situated at about 38&amp;nbsp;km from {{stnlnk|Sealdah}} on the [[Sealdah–Naihati-Ranaghat line]] and at about 16&amp;nbsp;km from {{stnlnk|Barrackpore}}. It is a NSG 2 grade high priority junction station. It connect Sealdah Division and Howrah Division via Naihati Bandel Branch line. It is a part of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system. It is connected to {{stnlnk|Bandel}} on the [[Howrah–Bardhaman main line]]. The journey takes about 20 minutes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/naihati-bandel-local-37521/14808/958/581#st | title = 37521 Naihati–Bandel Local | work = Time Table | publisher = indiarailinfo | access-date = 21 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=google&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Station complex==<br /> The platform is very much well sheltered. It has many facilities including water and sanitation. There is a proper approach road to this station. Escalators were installed in 2019. 2 Foot over bridges are on service and 1 in under construction &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/958|title=NH/Naihati Junction railway station| website=India Rail Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Electrification==<br /> The Sealdah–Ranaghat sector was electrified in 1963–65 and the Bandel–Naihati link in 1965–66.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html |title = History of Electrification | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Carriage and wagon depot==<br /> The carriage and wagon depot at Naihati handles such work as checking of air and vacuum brakes and repair of sick lines. Bangladesh bound trains are checked and repaired.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,6,442,462,466 |title = Mechanical (C / W activity) | publisher= Eastern Railway, Sealdah Division | access-date = 6 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Coaching terminal==<br /> A new coaching terminal was proposed at Naihati in the rail budget for 2012–13. A museum in honour of [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] has also been proposed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=80881 |title = Coaching Terminal at Naihati and A Museum to be Named After Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 2 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.equitybulls.com/admin/news2006/news_det.asp?id=102187 | title = Railway Budget | publisher = Equity Bulls | access-date = 2 May 2013 | archive-date = 7 March 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130307073313/http://www.equitybulls.com/admin/news2006/news_det.asp?id=102187 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Multifunctional complex==<br /> Indian Railways are planning for a multi-functional complex near Naihati railway station to provide rail users facilities such as shopping, food stalls and restaurants, book stalls, telephone booths, medicine and variety stores.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.rlda.in/pim/Naihati_PIM-Final.pdf| title = Project Information Memorandum: Multifuctional complex at Naihati| publisher = Ministry of Railways| access-date = 2 May 2013}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sampreeti Bridge==<br /> {{stack|<br /> [[File:Jubilee Bridge (Naihati-Bandel) by Piyal Kundu.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Jubilee Bridge]]<br /> }}<br /> [[Sampreeti Bridge]] has replaced the old British-era [[Jubilee Bridge (India)|Jubilee Bridge]] built in 1887.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://structurae.net/structures/sampreeti-bridge | title = Sampreeti Bridge | publisher = Structureae | access-date = 13 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The new bridge is of {{convert|420|m|ft|adj=mid||0}} in length and is built across the Hooghly river at a cost of Rs. 207 crores.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-09/kolkata/28088802_1_railway-budget-railway-minister-mamata-banerjee-new-bridge | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130629135802/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-09/kolkata/28088802_1_railway-budget-railway-minister-mamata-banerjee-new-bridge | url-status = dead | archive-date = 29 June 2013 |title = Mamata unveils new plans for North 24 Parganas|date=9 November 2009| work = [[The Times of India]] | access-date = 2 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Naihati Junction railway station}}<br /> * [http://naihati.hpage.in About Naihati]<br /> * [http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/naihati-junction-nh/958 Trains at Naihati]<br /> * {{Wikivoyage inline|Kolkata/Northern fringes}}<br /> <br /> {{Railway stations in West Bengal}}<br /> {{North 24-Parganas topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1862]]<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in North 24 Parganas district]]<br /> [[Category:Sealdah railway division]]<br /> [[Category:Kolkata Suburban Railway stations]]<br /> [[Category:Railway junction stations in West Bengal]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Welldon&diff=505515 2026-04-20T01:29:00Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: starting some details added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|English clergyman and scholar (1854–1937)}}<br /> {{for|the English cricketer|James Welldon (cricketer)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=July 2012}}<br /> [[File:Portrait of James Welldon.jpg|thumb|J.E.C. Welldon.]]<br /> '''James Edward Cowell Welldon''' (25 April 1854 – 17 June 1937) was an English [[Anglican terminology|clergyman]] and scholar. He was [[Anglican Diocese of Calcutta|Bishop of Calcutta]] from 1898 to 1902, [[Dean of Manchester]] from 1906 to 1918, and [[Dean of Durham]] from 1918 to 1933.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Welldon was born in 1854 in [[Tonbridge]], [[Kent]], the son of Edward Ind Welldon, the Second Master of [[Tonbridge School]], and nephew of James Ind Welldon, Headmaster of Tonbridge. He was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and was named the Newcastle scholar in 1873. He went on to [[King's College, Cambridge]] where he was academically prominent, becoming the Bell scholar in 1874 and the Browne's medallist in 1875 and 1876. In 1877, as well as gaining his [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] degree, he was the senior classical and senior chancellor's medallist.&lt;ref&gt;{{acad|id=WLDN873JE|name=Welldon, James Edward Cowell}}&lt;/ref&gt; He became a fellow in 1878 and in 1880 gained his [[Master of Arts|MA]] degree.&lt;ref name=&quot;DCReg&quot;&gt;Ormiston, T. L., (1926), ''Dulwich College Register'', page 53, (J J Keliher &amp; Co Ltd: London)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sporting achievements==<br /> He had a reputation at Eton in both the college's [[Eton wall game|Wall Game]] and [[Eton field game|Field Game]] and became school captain. After school, he played as [[Full back (association football)|full-back]] in [[association football]] with the [[Old Etonians F.C.]] and took part in the first match (score 1–1 draw) of the [[1876 FA Cup Final]] at Kennington Oval, which they ultimately lost after a replay to [[Wanderers F.C.|Wanderers]] when his place in team was taken by [[Edgar Lubbock]]. He also played for [[Upton Park F.C.|Upton Park]] and [[Hertfordshire Rangers F.C.|Hertfordshire Rangers]] and in representative matches for [[Essex]] and [[London]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Warsop&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Warsop |first=Keith |title=The Early F.A. Cup Finals and the Southern Amateurs |publisher=Tony Brown, SoccerData |year=2004 |pages=45–46, 134–135 |isbn=1-899468-78-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;!--<br /> Honours{{fact|date=December 2012}}<br /> Old Etonians F.C.<br /> F.A. Cup Final (first match) 1876 (runner up).<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> [[File:James Edward Cowell Welldon Vanity Fair 17 November 1898.jpg|thumb|right|200 px|{{center|Welldon as caricatured by Spy ([[Leslie Ward]]) in [[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]], November 1898.}}]]<br /> In May 1883, Welldon was appointed master of [[Dulwich College]]. In the short time he held this position he did much for the college, including the creation and institution of its school song ''Pueri Alleynienses'' which is still in use today. He resigned in July 1885 to take up the position of headmaster of [[Harrow School]], which he held from 1885 to 1898.&lt;ref name=&quot;DCReg&quot;/&gt; He was disliked by many of the masters as an autocratic administrator, but was more popular with the boys, by whom he was known as &quot;the Porker.&quot;&lt;ref name=dnb/&gt;<br /> <br /> While at Harrow he also accepted a number of clerical positions, having been ordained as a [[deacon]] in 1883 and as a [[priest]] in 1885, including the select preacher before [[Cambridge University]] (in 1885, 1888, and 1893) and the select preacher before the [[University of Oxford]] in 1886 and 1887. He was honorary [[chaplain]] to [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] from 1888 to 1892, and [[Chaplain|Chaplain in Ordinary]] from 1892 to 1898.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=[[Richard Malden|Malden Richard (ed)]] | title= Crockford's Clerical Directory for 1920 (51st edn) | location= London | publisher= The Field Press| pages=1597| year=1920 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the [[Hulsean Lecturer]] at Cambridge in 1897.&lt;ref name=&quot;DCReg&quot;/&gt; In 1898, he became a [[Doctor of Divinity]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DCReg&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> After leaving Harrow, Welldon was appointed [[Anglican Diocese of Calcutta|Bishop of Calcutta]] in 1898. As bishop, then [[Metropolitan bishop|metropolitan]] of [[Calcutta]], he excluded Scottish chaplains and troops from the use of garrison churches in India because they had not received episcopal consecration, an action for which he was criticised by [[Robert Herbert Story]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Story, Robert Herbert |volume=25 |page=970}}&lt;/ref&gt; He remained diocesan until early 1902 when he resigned owing to ill health and disagreement with the [[Viceroy]], [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;/&gt; He returned to England to become a [[Westminster Abbey|canon of Westminster]],&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=27413 |date=4 March 1902 |page=1535 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and was installed as such on 8 March 1902.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Ecclesiastical intelligence|date=10 March 1902 |page=8 |issue=36711}}&lt;/ref&gt; He served in Westminster until 1906. In late 1902 he visited South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court News |date=11 October 1902 |page=11 |issue=36896}}&lt;/ref&gt; From 1906 to 1918 he was [[Dean of Manchester]] and from 1918 of [[Dean of Durham|Durham]]. He had a strained relationship with the Bishop of Durham, [[Hensley Henson]], who described him as &quot;a man who could neither speak with effect nor be silent with dignity&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Lyttelton, letter of 2 May 1956.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Private life==<br /> Welldon became an [[Académie française|Officer d'académie]] in 1898.&lt;ref name=&quot;DCReg&quot;/&gt; He was a member of the [[Athenaeum Club, London|Athenaeum]],&lt;ref name=&quot;DCReg&quot;/&gt; a senior [[Freemason]] (Past Grand Chaplain),&lt;ref name=QC19&gt;{{cite book |title=Ars Quatuor Coronatorum |first= JW|last= Horsley (The Rev'd Canon)|chapter= Notes on the Grand Chaplains of England |volume= 19|location= London|publisher= Quatuor Coronati Correspondence Circle Ltd|date= 1906|page= 197}}&lt;/ref&gt; and a keen proponent of British imperialism.&lt;ref name=dnb/&gt; He was a lifelong bachelor, and for nearly fifty years had the close companionship of a manservant, Edward Hudson Perkins, from whose death in 1932 Welldon never recovered.&lt;ref name=dnb&gt;J. W. S. Tomlin, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/36825 &quot;Welldon, James Edward Cowell (1854–1937)&quot;], rev. M. C. Curthoys, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 26 December 2010 {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; Welldon died at [[Sevenoaks]], Kent, on 17 June 1937 aged eighty-three.&lt;ref name=&quot;Warsop&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==E.M Forster's poem==<br /> [[E.M. Forster]] wrote a satirical poem regarding Bishop Welldon after the bishop criticised Labour M.Ps for 'vulgar profanity':<br /> &lt;poem&gt;{{blockquote|<br /> My brethren, nothing on earth is finer<br /> Than a truly refined inarticulate miner <br /> (Or may we say 'under the earth,' for there <br /> Is a miner's place, not up in the air?); <br /> But he must be refined, he must be meek, <br /> Expert at his job, yet unable to speak,<br /> He must not complain or use swear words or spit; <br /> Much is expected of men in the pit.<br /> <br /> It is different for me. I have earned the right, <br /> Through position and birth to be impolite. <br /> I have always been used to the best of things,<br /> I was nourished at Eton and crowned at King's, <br /> I pushed to the front in religion and play, <br /> I shoved all competitors out of the way; <br /> I ruled at Harrow, I went to Calcutta, <br /> I buttered my bread and jammed my butter, <br /> And returned as a bishop, enormous of port, <br /> Who stood in a pulpit and said what he thought. <br /> Yes, I said what I thought and thought what I said, <br /> They hadn't got butter, they hadn't got bread, <br /> They hadn't got jam or tobacco or tea, <br /> They hadn't a friend, but they always had me. <br /> And I'm different to them. I needn't be meek, <br /> Because I have learned the proper technique; <br /> Because I'm a scholar, a don, and a dean,<br /> It's all in good taste when I'm vulgar or mean.<br /> <br /> I can bully or patronize, just which I please;<br /> I am different to them.... But those Labour M.P.s, <br /> How dare they be rude? They ought to have waited <br /> Until they were properly educated. <br /> They must be punished, they've got to be stopped, <br /> Parliamentary privilege ought to be dropped. <br /> They shall be scourged and buried alive <br /> If they trespass on My prerogative.<br /> <br /> May I most clearly state, ere I lay down my pen,<br /> That rudeness is only for gentlemen?<br /> As it was in the beginning, it shall be ... Amen !&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.aaoldbooks.com/en-uk-us/Abinger_Harvest/page_021.asp |title=Book : Bishop Welldon, Dean of Durham, in a letter to ' the Times,' censures the ' vulgar profanity ' of the language used by the Labour Party in the House of Commons, and inquires whether there is ' no adequate means of preventing or punishing it.' MY brethren, nothing on earth is finer Than a truly refined inarticulate miner (Or may we say ' under the earth,' for there is a miner's place, not up in the air ?) ; but he must be refined, he must be meek, Expert at his job, yet unable to speak, He must not complain or use swear words or spit ; Much is expected of men in the pit. It is different for me. I have earned the right, Through position and birth to be impolite. I have always been used to the best of things, I was nourished at Eton and crowned at King's, I pushed to the front in religion and play, I shoved all competitors out of the way ; I ruled at Harrow, I went to Calcutta, I buttered m books |access-date=2012-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130116023410/http://www.aaoldbooks.com/en-uk-us/Abinger_Harvest/page_021.asp |archive-date=16 January 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}&lt;/poem&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Publications==<br /> Welldon was the author of a number of works including:&lt;ref name=&quot;DCReg&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> * Translation of [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Politics (Aristotle)|Politics]]'' (1883).&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;&gt;Richard Aldrich and Peter Gordon, (1989), ''Dictionary of British Educationists'', p. 258 (Routledge: London).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Translation of ''[[Rhetoric (Aristotle)|Rhetoric]]'' (1886).&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;/&gt;<br /> * Translation of ''[[Nicomachean Ethics|Ethics]]'' (1892).&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;/&gt;<br /> * ''Gerald Eversley's Friendship'' (1895).<br /> * ''The Hope of Immortality'' (1898).&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;/&gt;<br /> * ''Harvest Home: A Sheaf of Sermons'' (1900).<br /> * ''Patriotic Song'' (1901).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|year=1901|title=Rev. of ''Patriotic Song''|journal=[[The Publishers' Circular and Booksellers' Record of British and Foreign Literature]]|volume=75|page=581|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amhNAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA581}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''The Consecration of the State'' (1902).<br /> * ''The Revelation of the Holy Spirit'' (1902).<br /> * ''Recollections and Reflections'' (1915).&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;/&gt;<br /> * ''Religion and Reconstruction'' (1918).<br /> * ''The Greek Orthodox Church. By Rev. Constantine Callinicos, Preface by the Right Rev. J.E.C. Welldon, 1918''.<br /> * ''The Nature of Immortality'' in ''Life After Death According to Christianity and Spiritualism.'' Sir James Marchant, Ed. (1925).&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;/&gt;<br /> * ''The English Church'' (1926).&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;/&gt;<br /> * ''The Church and the World'' (1932).<br /> * ''Forty Years On'' (1935)&lt;ref name=&quot;DicofBE&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * Lyttelton, George, and Rupert Hart-Davis (1978). ''The [[Lyttelton/Hart-Davis Letters]]'', Volume I (1955-6 letters). London: John Murray. {{ISBN|0-7195-3478-X}}<br /> * {{Nuttall}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|James Welldon}}<br /> * {{Internet Archive author |sname=J.E.C. Welldon}}<br /> * [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22Welldon,%20J.%20E.%20C.%201854-1937.%22&amp;type=author&amp;inst= Works by James Welldon], at [[HathiTrust]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-aca}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Alfred James Carver]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Dulwich College#Headmastership of Dulwich College|Master of Dulwich College]]<br /> |years=1883–1885}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Arthur Herman Gilkes]]}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=Rev. Dr. [[Henry Montagu Butler]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Harrow School#Head Masters|Headmaster of Harrow School]]<br /> |years=1885–1898}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=Dr. Joseph Wood}}<br /> {{s-rel|en}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Edward Ralph Johnson]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Anglican Diocese of Calcutta|Bishop of Calcutta]]<br /> |years=1898–1902}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Reginald Stephen Copleston]]}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Edward Craig Maclure]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Dean (religion)|Dean]] of [[Manchester Cathedral]]<br /> |years=1906–1918}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[William Shuckburgh Swayne]]}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Herbert Hensley Henson]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Dean (religion)|Dean]] of [[Durham Cathedral]]<br /> |years=1918–1933}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Cyril Alington]]}}<br /> {{end}}<br /> {{Deans of Durham}}<br /> {{Deans of Manchester}}<br /> {{Head Masters of Harrow}}<br /> {{Bishops of Calcutta}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Welldon, James}}<br /> [[Category:1854 births]]<br /> [[Category:1937 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Tonbridge]]<br /> [[Category:People educated at Eton College]]<br /> [[Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge]]<br /> [[Category:Presidents of the Cambridge Union]]<br /> [[Category:English men's footballers]]<br /> [[Category:Men's association football full-backs]]<br /> [[Category:Upton Park F.C. players]]<br /> [[Category:Old Etonians F.C. players]]<br /> [[Category:English chaplains]]<br /> [[Category:Chaplains-in-Ordinary]]<br /> [[Category:Canons of Westminster]]<br /> [[Category:Deans of Durham]]<br /> [[Category:Deans of Manchester]]<br /> [[Category:Anglican bishops of Calcutta]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century Anglican bishops in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Anglican bishops in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:English educational theorists]]<br /> [[Category:Masters of Dulwich College]]<br /> [[Category:Head Masters of Harrow School]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratappur,_Chhattisgarh_Assembly_constituency&diff=526504 2026-04-19T19:33:11Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: added some details added tags!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}<br /> {{For|UP constituency|Pratappur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Pratappur<br /> | state = [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 6<br /> | district = [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Surguja (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surguja]]<br /> | established = 2008<br /> | reservation = ST<br /> | mla = Shakuntala Singh Porthe<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | preceded_by = [[Prem Sai Singh Tekam|Premsai Singh Tekam]]<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:231709}}&lt;ref name=election2023&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2029|1}}<br /> | map_image = Pratappur, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> }}<br /> '''Pratappur''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref name=ceoMap&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is part of [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. As of 2023, it is represented by [[Shakuntala Singh Portey]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|1}}<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{Center|''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist''}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<br /> |[[Prem Sai Singh Tekam]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br /> |[[Ram Sewak Paikra]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]] <br /> |[[Prem Sai Singh Tekam]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |[[Shakuntala Singh Portey]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===2023===<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pratappur&lt;ref name=election2023/&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Shakuntala Singh Portey]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 83,796<br /> |percentage = 43.59<br /> |change = +17.19<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajkumari Shivbhajan Marabi|party=Indian National Congress|votes=72,088|percentage=37.50|change=-14.20}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jagmohan Singh|party=Gondwana Ganatantra Party|votes=17,041|percentage=8.86|change=-1.08}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Narendra Sahu|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=4,870|percentage=2.53|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=4,351|percentage=2.26|change=-1.03}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=11,708|percentage=6.09|change=-19.20}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=192,242|percentage=82.97|change=-0.95}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = 231,709<br /> |ref= <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Pratappur&lt;ref name=election2018&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Prem Sai Singh Tekam<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 90,148<br /> |percentage = 51.70<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Ramsewak Paikra<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 46,043<br /> |percentage = 26.40<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Asha Devi Poya<br /> |party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party<br /> |votes = 17,341<br /> |percentage = 9.94<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |votes = 5,741<br /> |percentage = 3.29<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 44,105<br /> |percentage = 25.29<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,74,379<br /> |percentage = 83.92<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Surajpur district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|23.49|83.2|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]<br /> [[Category:2008 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gwalior_South_Assembly_constituency&diff=501648 2026-04-19T19:27:09Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: starting the bio w/ sources - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Gwalior South<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 17<br /> | map_image = 17-Gwalior South.svg<br /> | mla = [[Narayan Singh Kushwah]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[Gwalior district|Gwalior]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]]<br /> | established = 2008<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | preceded_by = [[Praveen Pathak]]<br /> | incumbent_image = Narayan Singh Kushwah.jpg<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Gwalior South Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].&lt;ref name=eci1&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; This constituency came into existence in 2008, following the delimitation of the legislative assembly constituencies.<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> Gwalior South (constituency number 17) is one of the 6 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Gwalior district]]. This constituency covers the ward numbers 34, 35 and 37 to 44 and 46 to 55 of the Gwalior Municipal Corporation.&lt;ref name=&quot;ceo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Gwalior South is part of [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior Lok Sabha constituency]] along with six other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Gwalior Assembly constituency|Gwalior]], [[Gwalior East Assembly constituency|Gwalior East]], [[Gwalior Rural Assembly constituency|Gwalior Rural]], [[Bhitarwar Assembly constituency|Bhitarwar]] and [[Dabra Assembly constituency|Dabra]] in this district.&lt;ref name=&quot;ceo&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Name<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]&lt;ref name=ceom&gt;{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha General Elections - 2008 (in Hindi)|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/OtherLinks/Election_Result_2008.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=11 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Narayan Singh Kushwah]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |accessdate=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |[[Praveen Pathak]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | [[Narayan Singh Kushwah]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gwalior South&lt;ref name=&quot;election2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Narayan Singh Kushwah]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:82317}}<br /> |percentage = 49.4<br /> |change = +12.5<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Praveen Pathak]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:79781}}<br /> |percentage = 47.88<br /> |change = +10.9<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1121}}<br /> |percentage = 0.67<br /> |change = -0.35<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2536}}<br /> |percentage = 1.52<br /> |change = +1.44<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:166628}}<br /> |percentage = 64.51<br /> |change = +4.15<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gwalior South&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Praveen Pathak]]<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:56369}}<br /> |percentage = 36.98<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Narayan Singh Kushwah]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:56248}}<br /> |percentage = 36.9<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Sameeksha Gupta<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:30745}}<br /> |percentage = 20.17<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Aseem Shah<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3098}}<br /> |percentage = 2.03<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1550}}<br /> |percentage = 1.02<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:121}}<br /> |percentage = 0.08<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:152430}}<br /> |percentage = 60.36<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Gwalior]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}<br /> {{coord|26.17|78.17|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Gwalior]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:2008 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programmes_broadcast_by_Zee_Telugu&diff=513174 2026-04-19T11:42:21Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: new</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> <br /> [[Zee Telugu]] is an Indian [[Telugu language]] general entertainment channel which is owned by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]. This is the list of programmes broadcast by the channel.<br /> <br /> == Current broadcast ==<br /> === Fiction ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Premiere date<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |11 July 2022<br /> |''Mukkupudaka''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/aishwarya-pisses-mukku-pudaka-to-premiere-on-july-11/articleshow/92633718.cms|title=Aishwarya Pisse's 'Mukku Pudaka' to premiere on July 11|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |4 November 2024<br /> |''Ummadi Kutumbam''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/new-telugu-show-ummadi-kutumbam-set-for-premiere-on-november-4/articleshow/114810129.cms|title=New Telugu show ‘Ummadi Kutumbam’ set for premiere on November 4|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |7 April 2025<br /> |''Dheerga Sumangali Bhava''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/mahi-gouthami-and-pratap-starrer-dheerga-sumangali-bhava-to-premiere-on-april-7/articleshow/119975643.cms|title=Mahi Gouthami and Pratap Starrer 'Dheerga Sumangali Bhava' to premiere on April 7|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |9 April 2018<br /> |''Gundamma Katha''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/gundamma-katha-to-complete-1000-episodes-soon-heres-what-actress-pooja-moorthy-and-others-have-to-say/articleshow/87487749.cms|title=‘Gundamma Katha’ to complete 1000 episodes soon; here's what actress Pooja Moorthy and others have to say|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |5 August 2024<br /> |''Kalavaari Kodalu Kanaka Mahalakshmi''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/jai-dhanush-and-yuktha-malnad-starrer-kalavaari-kodalu-kanakamahalakshmi-to-premiere-on-august-5/articleshow/112193854.cms|title=Jai Dhanush and Yuktha Malnad starrer 'Kalavaari Kodalu Kanakamahalakshmi' to premiere on August 5|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |27 January 2025<br /> |''Ennallo Vechina Hrudayam''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telugutimes.net/en/cinemas/cinema-news/zee-telugu-new-fiction-show-ennallo-vechina-hrudayam-starts-on-27th-january-309804.html|title=Zee Telugu new fiction show Ennallo Vechina Hrudayam starts on 27th January|website=Telugu Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |12 May 2025<br /> |''Gharana Mogudu''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telugutimes.net/en/cinemas/cinema-news/zee-telugu-entertainment-with-the-premiere-of-robinhood-launch-of-gharana-mogudu-317137.html|title=Zee Telugu entertainment with the premiere of Robinhood &amp; launch of Gharana Mogudu|website=Telugu Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |14 August 2023<br /> |''Nindu Noorella Savaasam''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/nindu-noorella-saavasam-arundhathi-turns-into-a-ghost-to-protect-her-family/articleshow/102777614.cms|title=Nindu Noorella Saavasam: Arundhathi turns into a ghost to protect her family|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |19 September 2022<br /> |''Padamati Sandhya Ragam''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/mahesh-babu-and-sitara-in-padamati-sandhya-ragam-serial-promotions/articleshow/94207389.cms|title=మహేష్ బాబు ‘పడమటి సంధ్యారాగం’ సీరియల్‌పై ట్రోలింగ్.. తిప్పికొడుతున్న ఫ్యాన్స్|website=Samayam|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |3 March 2025<br /> |''Lakshmi Nivasam''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/chatrapathi-sekhar-latest-telugu-serial-lakshmi-nivasam-to-telecast-on-zee-telugu-channel-soon-121733535451945.html|title=ఛ‌త్ర‌ప‌తి యాక్ట‌ర్ కొత్త తెలుగు సీరియ‌ల్ - టైటిల్ ఇదే - ఏ ఛానెల్‌లో టెలికాస్ట్ అంటే?|website=Hindustan Times|language=te}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |10 June 2024<br /> |''Meghasandesam''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/abhinav-vishwanathan-and-bhoomika-ramesh-starrer-new-daily-soap-meghasandesam-to-premiere-on-june-10/articleshow/110796909.cms|title=Abhinav Vishwanathan and Bhoomika Ramesh starrer new daily soap 'Meghasandesam' to premiere on June 10|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1 January 2025<br /> |''Chamanthi''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/meghana-lokesh-and-asish-chakravarthy-starrer-new-daily-soap-chamanthi-to-premiere-on-january-1/articleshow/116714515.cms|title=Meghana Lokesh and Asish Chakravarthy starrer new daily soap 'Chamanthi' to premiere on January 1|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |14 July 2025<br /> |''Jayam''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/prema-entha-maduram-sriram-venkat-new-serial-jayam-promo-cast-crew-full-details-here/articleshow/121390874.cms|title=ఇదేందయ్యా ఇది.. హీరోయిన్ గుద్దితే గోడ పగిలిపోయింది.. కొత్త సీరియల్ ప్రోమో|website=Samayam|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |21 August 2023<br /> |''[[Jagadhatri]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/upcoming-show-jagadhatri-to-narrate-the-story-of-a-courageous-girl-working-as-undercover-officer/articleshow/102852109.cms|title=Upcoming show 'Jagadhatri' to narrate the story of a courageous girl working as undercover officer|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |7 July 2025<br /> |''Auto Vijayashanthi''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/zee-telugu-is-all-set-to-launch-a-brand-new-fiction-show-auto-vijayashanthi-on-7th-july-1889310|title=Zee Telugu Is All Set To Launch A Brand New Fiction Show, Auto Vijayashanthi on 7th July!|website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |22 December 2025<br /> |''Lakshmi Raave Maa Intiki''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mediabrief.com/zee-telugu-to-launch-lakshmi-raave-maa-intiki-on-dec-22/|title=Zee Telugu to launch new fiction show ‘Lakshmi Raave Maa Intiki’ on December 22|website=Mediabrief}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Non-fiction ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Premiere date<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |–<br /> |''Srikaram Shubhakaram''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Srikaram Shubhakaram TV Serial Online|url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/srikaram-shubhakaram/0-6-42|website=[[ZEE5]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> |16 December 2013<br /> |''Omkaram''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telugutimes.net/cinema/cinema-news/zee-telugu-popular-spiritual-show-omkaram-completes-10-years-2-63701.html|title=పది సంవత్సరాలు పూర్తిచేసుకున్న జీ తెలుగు ఓంకారం ఆధ్యాత్మిక ప్రయాణం|website=Telugu Times|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |7 September 2020<br /> |''Aarogyame Mahayogam''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/celebrate-international-yoga-day-with-a-special-episode-of-aarogyame-mahayogam-on-21st-june/articleshow/111140679.cms|title=Celebrate International Yoga Day with a special episode of ‘Aarogyame Mahayogam’ on 21st June|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |7 February 2026<br /> |''Aata 2.0''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/aata-grand-launch-promo-highlights-jani-master-niharika-konidela-radhika-as-judges/articleshow/127763113.cms|title=జానీ మాస్టర్, నిహారిక, రాధిక.. గట్టిగానే ప్లాన్ చేశావ్ మైక్.. ఆట ప్రోమో హైలెట్స్|website=Samayam|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Former broadcast ==<br /> === Drama series ===<br /> * ''[[Agnipariksha (2021 TV series)|Agnipariksha]]''<br /> * ''[[Attarintlo Akka Chellelu]]''<br /> * ''[[America Ammayi (TV series)|America Ammayi]]''<br /> * ''Amma Naa Kodala''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/telugu/amma-naa-kodala-to-go-on-air-on-dec-15/articleshow/45490595.cms|title=Amma Naa Kodala to go on air on Dec 15|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Ammayi Garu''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/new-daily-soap-ammayigaru-to-premiere-on-october-31-deets-inside/articleshow/95121322.cms|title=New daily soap 'Ammayigaru' to premiere on October 31; deets inside|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Chiranjeevi Lakshmi Sowbhagyavathi''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/new-daily-soap-chiranjeevi-lakshmi-sowbhagyavathi-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/96705375.cms|title=New daily soap 'Chiranjeevi Lakshmi Sowbhagyavathi' to premiere soon|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Evare Nuvvu Mohini''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/new-show-evare-nuvvu-mohini-on-zee-telugu/articleshow/62096936.cms|title=New show Evare Nuvvu Mohini on Zee Telugu|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[Hitler Gari Pellam]]''<br /> * ''[[Inti Guttu (TV series)|Inti Guttu]]''<br /> * ''[[Kalyanam Kamaneeyam (TV series)|Kalyanam Kamaneeyam]]''<br /> * ''[[Krishna Tulasi (TV series)|Krishna Tulasi]]''<br /> * ''[[Maate Mantramu]]''<br /> * ''Maa Annayya''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/new-tv-serial-maa-annayya-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/108671867.cms|title=New TV serial ‘Maa Annayya' to launch soon; deets inside|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Mangamma Gari Manavaralu''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Managamma-Gari-Manavaralu-climbs-up-the-charts/articleshow/43714219.cms|title=Managamma Gari Manavaralu climbs up the charts|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[Mithai Kottu Chittemma]]''<br /> * ''[[Muddha Mandaram]]''<br /> * ''[[Naga Bhairavi]]''<br /> * ''[[No.1 Kodalu]]''<br /> * ''[[Oohalu Gusagusalade (TV series)|Oohalu Gusagusalade]]''<br /> * ''Prema''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/zee-telugu-launches-new-fiction-show-prema-181031|title=Zee Telugu launches new fiction show – Prema|website=Indian Television}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[Prema Entha Madhuram]]''<br /> * ''[[Radhamma Kuthuru]]''<br /> * ''[[Raktha Sambandham (TV series)|Raktha Sambandham]]''<br /> * ''Seethe Ramudi Katnam''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telugutimes.net/cinema/cinema-news/zee-telugus-new-fiction-launch-seethe-ramudi-katnam-60566.html|title=జీ తెలుగు అందిస్తోన్న సరికొత్త సీరియల్ ‘సీతే రాముడి కట్నం’|website=Telugu Times|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Sriram Weds Janaki Raghuram''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.ragalahari.com/article/1327/sriram-weds-janaki-raghuram-on-zee-telugu-from-june-2nd|title=Sriram weds Janaki Raghuram on Zee Telugu from June 2nd|website=Ragalahari}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[Suryakantham (TV series)|Suryakantham]]''<br /> * ''[[Trinayani (Telugu TV series)|Trinayani]]''<br /> <br /> === Reality shows ===<br /> * ''Drama Juniors'' (Season 1–8)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/drama-juniors-season-7-set-for-launch-on-this-date-jaya-prada-back-as-the-judge/articleshow/110768536.cms|title=Drama Juniors season 7 set for launch on THIS date; Jaya Prada back as the judge|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[Jayammu Nischayammu Raa with Jagapathi]]''<br /> * ''[[Konchem Touch Lo Unte Chepta]]'' (Season 1–4)<br /> * ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa The Next Singing ICON]]''<br /> * ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa The Singing Superstar]]''<br /> * ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa The Next Singing Youth Icon]]''<br /> * ''Super Serial Championship'' (Season 1–4)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/pradeep-machiraju-to-make-a-comeback-with-super-serial-championship/articleshow/83393604.cms|title=Pradeep Machiraju to make a comeback with Super Serial Championship|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{List of television programs by region}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lists of television series by network|Zee Telugu]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of Indian television series|Zee Telugu]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bibhuti_Bhusan_Balabantaray&diff=491420 2026-04-18T23:53:14Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: Added data!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Bibhuti Bhusan Balabantaray<br /> | birth_name =<br /> | caption = <br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | office = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatani]]<br /> | term_start = 4 June 2024<br /> | predecessor = [[Suresh Kumar Routray]]<br /> | constituency1 = <br /> | term1 = <br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | successor1 = <br /> | office2 = <br /> | constituency2 = <br /> | term_start2 = <br /> | predecessor2 = <br /> | successor2 = <br /> | party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]<br /> | other_party = <br /> | website = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | source = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bibhuti Bhusan Balabantaray''' is an Indian politician who was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatani]] as a member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bibhuti Bhusan Balabantaray Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=714 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=23 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jatani Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Bibhuti Bhusan Balabantaray of BJD Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/jatani-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916661.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=23 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Full list of Odisha Assembly elections 2024 winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/full-list-of-odisha-assembly-elections-2024-winners-9365903/ |website=The Indian Express |publisher=Express Web Desk |access-date=23 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Balabantaray, Bibhuti Bhusan}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> {{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Srungavarapukota_Assembly_constituency&diff=537264 2026-04-14T03:35:52Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started basic stub basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Srungavarapukota<br /> | map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (19-Srungavarapukota highlighted).png<br /> | map_caption = Location of Srungavarapukota Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh<br /> | mla = [[Kolla Lalitha Kumari]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = Kolla Lalitha Kumari.jpg<br /> | constituency_no = 19<br /> | electors = 212,623<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | type = SLA<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Srungavarapukota Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Vizianagaram district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref name=&quot;constituencies&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=17, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> [[Kolla Lalitha Kumari]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2019, there are a total of 212,623 electors in the constituency.&lt;ref name=&quot;electors&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''. This assembly is currently part of Vizinagaram. There are ongoing requests from people of Vepada mandal to include this in Vizag. <br /> <br /> == Mandals ==<br /> <br /> The five [[Tehsil|mandals]] that form the assembly constituency are:&lt;ref name=&quot;constituencies&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{srn}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash&quot;<br /> !Mandal<br /> |-<br /> | [[Srungavarapukota]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Lakkavarapukota]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kothavalasa]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Vepada]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jami, Vizianagaram district|Jami]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Political party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> | C. V. Somayajulu<br /> [[:te:బగత_ప్రజలు|Gujjela Ramu Naidu]] <br /> | {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1955 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1955]]<br /> | Chaganti Venkata Somayajulu<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1957 by-election<br /> | rowspan=2 |[[:te:బగత_ప్రజలు|Gujjela Dharma Naidu]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | Kolla Appala Naidu<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> | Kakaralapudi V R S P Raju<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br /> | [[:te:బగత_ప్రజలు|Duru Sanyasi dora]]<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br /> | rowspan=4 |Dukku Labudu Bariki<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> | Hymavathi Devi Sobha<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> | Kumbha Ravibabu<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br /> | rowspan=2 |[[Kolla Lalitha Kumari]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br /> | [[Kadubandi Srinivasa Rao]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | Kolla Lalitha Kumari<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> <br /> === 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = kolla lalitha kumari<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = YSR Congress Party<br /> |candidate = kadubandi srinivas rao<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Decrease}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = <br /> |candidate = <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = --<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Remaining<br /> |candidate = &quot;&quot; Candidates <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Decrease}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = NOTA<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]] <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> | reg. electors = <br /> | change = {{Increase}}<br /> }} <br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = kolla lalitha kumari<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = YSR Congress Party<br /> |candidate = <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Decrease}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = <br /> |candidate = <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Remaining<br /> |candidate = &quot;&quot; Candidates <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Decrease}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = NOTA<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]]<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = {{Increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> | reg. electors = <br /> | change = {{Increase}}<br /> }} <br /> {{Election box majority| <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = <br /> |loser = <br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = <br /> |candidate = <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = <br /> |candidate =<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage =<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage =<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = <br /> |candidate = <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage =<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Remaining<br /> |candidate = &quot;&quot; Candidates <br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = NOTA<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]]<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> | reg. electors = <br /> | change = <br /> }} <br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes =<br /> |percentage =<br /> |change =<br /> }} <br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = <br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = [[Kolla Lalitha Kumari]]<br /> |votes = 40,142<br /> |percentage = 25.51<br /> |change = -19.26<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Allu Kesava Venkata Joginaidu|votes=36,702|percentage=23.33|change=-26.76}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Indukuri Raghu Raju|votes=31,248|percentage=19.86|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Valluri Jayaprakash Babu|votes=20,284|percentage=12.89|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Gorle Maheswararao|votes=19,330|percentage=12.29|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=3,440|percentage=2.18|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=157,337|percentage=82.77|change=+8.60}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = Hymavathi Sobha<br /> |votes = 46,204<br /> |percentage = 47.0<br /> |change = {{decrease}}10.7<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Setti Ganghadharaswami<br /> |votes = 45,526<br /> |percentage = 46.3<br /> |change = {{increase}}7.8<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Anna Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = Dukku Bariki<br /> |votes = 6,393<br /> |percentage = 6.5<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)<br /> |candidate = Sobha Appalaswami<br /> |votes = 274<br /> |percentage = 0.3<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 678<br /> |percentage = 0.7<br /> |change = {{decrease}}18.1<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 102,101<br /> |percentage = 71.8<br /> |change = {{increase}}1.3<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1994 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = Dukku Labudu Bariki<br /> |votes = 57,369<br /> |percentage = 57.7<br /> |change = {{increase}}3.8<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Setti Gangadhara<br /> |votes = 38,289<br /> |percentage = 38.5<br /> |change = {{decrease}}7.6<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janta Party<br /> |candidate = Veeranna Ketha<br /> |votes = 3,493<br /> |percentage = 3.5<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Sagiri Rao<br /> |votes = 287<br /> |percentage = 0.3<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 19,080<br /> |percentage = 18.8<br /> |change = {{increase}}11.4<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 101,685<br /> |percentage = 70.5<br /> |change = {{increase}}4<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1989 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = Dukku Labudu Bariki<br /> |votes = 46,719<br /> |percentage = 53.9<br /> |change = {{decrease}}19.6<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sagiri Rao|votes=39,973|percentage=46.1|change={{increase}}19.6}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=6,746|percentage=7.4|change={{decrease}}38.5}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=91,181|percentage=66.5|change={{increase}}12.1}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = Dukku Labudu Bariki<br /> |votes = 44,358<br /> |percentage = 73.5<br /> |change = {{increase}}12.4<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Gangannadora Duru|votes=15,973|percentage=26.5|change={{increase}}6.1}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=28,385|percentage=45.9|change={{increase}}5.9}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=61,836|percentage=54.4|change={{decrease}}9.7}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1983 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = Dukku Labudu Bariki<br /> |votes = 40,788<br /> |percentage = 61.1<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ganganna Dora Vannepuri|votes=13,603|percentage=20.4|change={{decrease}}16.2}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Duru Sanyasidora|votes=12,317|percentage=18.5|change={{decrease}}18.1}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=27,185|percentage=40.0|change={{increase}}31.3}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=68,033|percentage=64.1|change={{increase}}1.9}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress (I)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress (I)<br /> |candidate = Sanyasidora Duru<br /> |votes = 21,927<br /> |percentage = 36.6<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Balaraju Pujari|votes=16,564|percentage=27.7|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janata Party|candidate=Mutyalu Janni|votes=12,170|percentage=20.3|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Gujala Dharma Naidu|votes=7,373|percentage=12.3|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Duvvapu Thowdu|votes=1,874|percentage=3.1|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=5,363|percentage=8.7|change={{decrease}}14.86}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=61,958|percentage=62.2|change={{decrease}}9.84}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress (I)<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Kakaralapudi V R S P Raju<br /> |votes = 36,446<br /> |percentage = 61.78<br /> |change = {{increase}}29.51<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Kolla Naidu|votes=22,546|percentage=38.22|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=13,900|percentage=23.56|change={{increase}}18.43}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=58,992|percentage=72.04|change={{increase}}0.61}}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Independent<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Kolla Appala Naidu<br /> |votes = 18,754<br /> |percentage = 37.40<br /> |change = {{increase}}3.8<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = K.V.S Padmanabha<br /> |votes = 16,182<br /> |percentage = 32.27<br /> |change = {{decrease}}48.61<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Swatantra Party<br /> |candidate = C. Kilaparthi<br /> |votes = 11,066<br /> |percentage = 22.07<br /> |change = {{increase}}2.96<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India<br /> |candidate = R. Mazumdar<br /> |votes = 4,139<br /> |percentage = 8.25<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 2,572<br /> |percentage = 5.13<br /> |change = {{decrease}}56.64<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 50,141<br /> |percentage = 71.43<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Independent<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Gujjala Dharam Naidu<br /> |votes = 11,659<br /> |percentage = 80.88<br /> |change = {{increase}}60.47<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Swatantra Party|candidate=Tumirelli Ramulu|votes=2,755|percentage=19.11|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=8,904|percentage=61.77|change={{increase}}29.69}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=14,414|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Praja Socialist Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1955 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Praja Socialist Party<br /> |candidate = Chaganti Venkata Somayajulu<br /> |votes = 19,771<br /> |percentage = 26.03<br /> |change = {{decrease}}33.63<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Praja Socialist Party|candidate=Gujjala Naidu|votes=18,887|percentage=24.87|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Gorrepati Rao|votes=14,292|percentage=18.82|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kandarapa Venkataramesam|votes=8,469|percentage=11.15|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kankipati Veerannapadal|votes=7,036|percentage=9.26|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Nanigiri Pydithalli|votes=3,876|percentage=5.10|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Avagadda Chandrarao|votes=3,617|percentage=4.76|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=24,366|percentage=32.8|change={{decrease}}8.51}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=75,948|percentage=68.27|change={{increase}}29.86}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Praja Socialist Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 1952=== <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election]]: Srungavarapukota&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} <br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=C. V. Somayajulu |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=17,451 |percentage=59.66% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Venkataramanayya |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,577 |percentage=19.07% |change=19.07% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Allu Joginaiudu |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=4,550 |percentage=15.55% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sriramamurthy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,674 |percentage=5.72% |change =<br /> }} <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,874 |percentage=40.59% |change= }} <br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=29,252 |percentage=38.41% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,151 |change = }} <br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Socialist Party (India) |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Coord|18.11|83.14|display=title}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Vizianagaram district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shampa_Dhara&diff=534492 2026-04-12T11:34:28Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started a entry more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1992)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Shampa Dhara<br /> | office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Raina Assembly constituency|Raina]]<br /> | term_start = 2021<br /> | predecessor = [[Nepal Ghorui]]<br /> | education = Bachelor of Arts ([[University of Burdwan]])<br /> | party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1992}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Purba Bardhaman district]], West Bengal<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shampa Dhara''' (born 1992)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shampa Dhara(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):Constituency- RAINA (SC)(PURBA BARDHAMAN) – Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1226 |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. She is a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Raina Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in [[Purba Bardhaman district]]. She won the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 May 2021 |title=West Bengal Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners – CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/west-bengal-election-results-2021-heres-full-list-of-winners-9169581.htm |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MPs and MLAs {{!}} Purba Bardhaman District, Govt. of WB {{!}} India |url=https://purbabardhaman.nic.in/mps-and-mlas/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Dhara is from [[Raina I|Raina]], [[Purba Bardhaman district]], West Bengal. She is the daughter of Gangadhar Dhara. She completed Bachelor of Arts in 2015 at [[Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya|Vivekananda Mahavidyalya]], Purba Burdhwan, which is affiliated with the [[University of Burdwan]]. She served as the chairperson of the East Burdwan [[Zilla Parishad (India)|Zilla Parishad]] before becoming an MLA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Dhara won from Raina Assembly constituency representing All India Trinamool Congress in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. She polled 108,752 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Manik Roy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 18,205 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Raina Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Shampa Dhara Of TMC Wins. |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/raina-election-result-2021-live-updates-raina-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3695009.html |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Raina West Bengal Election 2021 Final Results LIVE:TMC Candidate Shampa Dhara wins from Raina, Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/raina-wb-election-2021-results-live-updates-constituency-number-261-raina-west-bengal-election-2021-vote-counting-results-leading-trailing-2-may-2021-1455859 |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In June 2022, she was involved in a controversy where she allegedly selected rebel candidates, and they were given party symbol in the local body elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=22 June 2023 |title=TMC official candidates denied symbol, given to independents instead |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/tmc-official-candidates-denied-symbol-given-to-independents-instead-1503192601.html |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dhara, Shampa}}<br /> [[Category:1992 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Purba Bardhaman district]]<br /> [[Category:University of Burdwan alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diamond_Babu&diff=496979 2026-03-25T19:05:10Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: creating first entry w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film public relations officer}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> |name = Diamond Babu<br /> |image =<br /> |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1960|06|16}}<br /> |birth_place = [[Madras]] (now Chennai), [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> |occupation = [[public relations officer]], [[media consultant]]<br /> |alma_mater = <br /> |othername = Babu<br /> |yearsactive = 1986–present<br /> |parents = [[Film News Anandan]]&lt;br /&gt;Sivagami<br /> |spouse = {{marriage|Saraswathi|1983}}<br /> |children = 1<br /> |relatives = <br /> }}<br /> '''Diamond Babu''' is an Indian [[public relations officer]] and [[media consultant]] who predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema]]. He has worked more than 600 films as public relations officer in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajini at Diamond Babu's son's wedding |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rajini-at-diamond-babu-s-son-s-wedding-imagegallery-kollywood-ockp02agbcisi.html |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=3 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303225353/http://www.sify.com/movies/rajini-at-diamond-babu-s-son-s-wedding-imagegallery-kollywood-ockp02agbcisi.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2017 |title=Best PROs in the town are... |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/diamond-babu-and-riaz-get-the-best-pro-award-at-bgm-2017.html |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=Behindwoods |archive-date=20 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420135920/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/diamond-babu-and-riaz-get-the-best-pro-award-at-bgm-2017.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Babu's father [[Film News Anandan]] was one of the earliest journalists, managers and chroniclers of Tamil cinema, and he wanted his son to enter the film industry. Babu, on the other hand, was comfortably educated in [[Delhi]] and employed at a bank. To satisfy his father's wish, he left his bank job, started the &quot;Diamond&quot; film club and screened films for a close group at Devi Bala, Sathyam and Subham theatres in the early 80's. Tamil films faced some hiccups at the censors, and one such trouble was the reason Babu became a fully fledged PRO, since he realised that being knowledgeable in Hindi, he could be a bridge between the north and the south.&lt;ref name=&quot;TNM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2014 |title=Diamond Babu- The man with a diamond touch in Kollywood |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/diamond-babu-man-diamond-touch-kollywood-20170 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214001234/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/diamond-babu-man-diamond-touch-kollywood-20170 |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=3 March 2018 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> In 1986, when producer Aabhavanan wanted to convert a five-minute documentary into a commercial film, Babu's father canvassed for funds—the concept of [[crowdfunding]] is not new&amp;nbsp;– and Babu got drawn into the struggle and was made the PRO. In 1986, when ''[[Oomai Vizhigal]]'' faced some hurdle in getting the censorship, Babu was able to liaise with the tribunal in Delhi. The film, starring [[Vijayakanth]] was a blockbuster hit. After [[Oomai Vizhigal]] his next nine films were also successive blockbuster hits and he was looked as lucky PRO in Tamil film industry.&lt;ref name=&quot;TNM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shankar |date=20 June 2016 |title=பிஆர்ஓ யூனியன் தேர்தல்: ஆறாவது முறையாக டைமண்ட் பாபு.. முதல் முறையாக ஜான்! |url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/diamond-babu-john-won-the-key-posts-pro-union-040642.html |website=[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]] |language=ta |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=3 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303225618/https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/diamond-babu-john-won-the-key-posts-pro-union-040642.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Selected filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br /> | Denotes films that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Film<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> |1986 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Oomai Vizhigal]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |1990 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[My Dear Marthandan]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 February 2014 |title=Diamond Babu's son Vikram Sagar's wedding reception with Preethi at Raja Muthiah Hall in Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/chennai/diamond-babus-son-vikram-sagars-wedding-reception-with-preethi-at-raja-muthiah-hall-in-chennai/articleshow/30396691.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729203156/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/chennai/Diamond-Babus-son-Vikram-Sagars-wedding-reception-with-Preethi-at-Raja-Muthiah-Hall-in-Chennai/articleshow/30396691.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1991 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Captain Prabhakaran]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |1992 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |1993 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Kalaignan]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |[[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |1994 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Rajakumaran (film)|Rajakumaran]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |1999 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Mannavaru Chinnavaru]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2000 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2001 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Aalavandhan]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2003 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2005 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Sachein]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2007 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Mozhi (film)|Mozhi]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2008 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Abhiyum Naanum (film)|Abhiyum Naanum]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2009 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Kanthaswamy]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2010 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Aasal]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2012 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Thuppakki]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2014 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Arima Nambi]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2016 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Kabali (film)|Kabali]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |[[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2017 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion|Baahubali]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Neruppu Da]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]&lt;br /&gt;and&lt;br /&gt;[[Line producer]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2018 ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[Vishwaroopam II]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |''[[Thuppaki Munai]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |''[[Asuraguru]]'' <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[public relations officer|PRO]]||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! width=5%| Year<br /> ! style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;| Film<br /> ! style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;| Category<br /> ! style=&quot;width:40%;&quot;| Award<br /> ! style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;| Result<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'' &amp; ''[[Kabali (film)|Kabali]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Best PRO<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Behindwoods Gold Medals 2017<br /> | {{won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2017 |title=Behindwoods Gold Medals 2017: Full winners list |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/complete-list-of-award-winners-in-behindwoods-gold-medals-2017.html |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=Behindwoods |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106062722/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/complete-list-of-award-winners-in-behindwoods-gold-medals-2017.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201117045240/https://filmnews24x7.com/ Official website]}}<br /> *{{IMDb name|8024754}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Diamond}}<br /> [[Category:1960 births]]<br /> [[Category:Film people from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil male actors]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lok_Bhavan,_Dehradun&diff=513447 2026-03-22T02:24:27Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1st Residence of the Governor of Uttarakhand}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox building<br /> |name = Raj Bhavan, Dehradun<br /> |image = <br /> |caption = <br /> |building_type = Main residence<br /> |coordinates = {{coord|30.352921|78.044659|display=inline,title}}<br /> |construction_start_date = 1902<br /> |completion_date = <br /> |number_of_rooms = <br /> |current_tenants = Gurmit Singh<br /> |cost = <br /> |floor_area = <br /> |architect = <br /> |engineer = <br /> |main_contractor = <br /> |developer = <br /> |owner = [[Government of Uttarakhand]]<br /> |operator = <br /> |references = [http://www.governoruk.gov.in/ Website] &lt;br&gt; [http://www.governoruk.gov.in/pages/show/76-rajbhawan-nainital Rajbhavan Nainital]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''' Lok Bhavan''' formerly '''Raj Bhavan, Dehradun''' or '''Governor's House, Dehradun''' is the [[official residence]] of the [[governor of Uttarakhand]]. Uttarakhand is one of the few Indian states which have two official buildings of [[Raj Bhavan]]s. The first one is located in the capital city of [[Dehradun]]. The second Raj Bhavan of Uttarakhand is located in [[Nainital]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://governoruk.gov.in/pages/display/63-our-governor |title=Our Governor: Raj Bhavan, Uttarakhand, India |work=governoruk.gov.in |year=2012 |quote=15 May 2012 onwards Governor of Uttarakhand. |access-date=24 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://governoruk.gov.in/pages/show/76-rajbhawan-nainital |title=Raj Bhavan, Nainital |work=governoruk.gov.in |year=2012 |quote=15 May 2014 onwards Governor of Uttarakhand. |access-date=24 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The present Raj Bhavan of Dehradun was built in 1902. Earlier it was known as &quot;Court House&quot;, where the then Governor of [[Uttar Pradesh|United Provinces]] often used to reside.&lt;br&gt;<br /> With the creation of the State of [[Uttarakhand]], the Raj Bhavan was temporarily established at Bijapur House located on New Cantt Road in Dehradun. Subsequently, the Circuit House of Dehradun was re-designated as Raj Bhavan and the first Governor of Uttarakhand, [[Surjit Singh Barnala]], shifted there on 25 December 2000.&lt;br&gt;In the post-Independence period, India's first [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] used to stay in this building whenever he visited Dehradun. From time to time, various [[President of India|Presidents of India]] and almost all Indian Prime Ministers, so far, have stayed in this building. <br /> The Auditorium of Raj Bhavan is where various important events like oath-taking ceremonies, seminars, book-release functions and cultural programmes etc. are organised.&lt;ref name=rajb&gt;{{cite web|url =http://www.governoruk.gov.in/pages/display/62|title = An Introduction| access-date = 15 February 2015| publisher = governoruk.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Raj Bhavan, Nainital]]<br /> * [[Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth#British Indian Empire|Government Houses of the British Indian Empire]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://governoruk.gov.in/ Official website of Raj Bhavan, Uttarakhand]<br /> * [http://www.governoruk.gov.in/pages/show/76-rajbhawan-nainital Rajbhavan Nainital]<br /> * [http://uk.gov.in Government of Uttarakhand, Official website]<br /> * https://web.archive.org/web/20061027143752/http://www.sarkaritel.com/states/governors_state.htm<br /> <br /> {{Dehradun}}<br /> {{Raj Bhavan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Governors' houses in India]]<br /> [[Category:Government of Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Dehradun]]<br /> [[Category:Houses completed in 1902]]<br /> [[Category:1902 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Government buildings completed in 1902]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]<br /> [[Category:Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Qaiyum_Ansari&diff=454772 2026-03-13T15:48:00Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: expanded content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian independence activist}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name=Abdul Qaiyum Ansari<br /> | image=Abdul Qaiyum Ansari 2005 stamp of India.jpg<br /> | birth_name=<br /> | birth_date=1 July 1905<br /> | birth_place= Dehri-on-Sone, [[Bengal Presidency]]<br /> | death_date= 18 January 1973 (age 67)<br /> | death_place= Amiawar, [[Bihar]]<br /> | movement=[[Indian independence movement]]<br /> | organization =[[All India Momin Conference]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Abdul Qaiyum Ansari''' (1 July 1905 – 18 January 1973) was a participant in the freedom struggle of India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sajjad |first=Mohammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0iVHBAAAQBAJ |title=Muslim Politics in Bihar: Changing Contours |date=2014-08-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-55982-5 |pages=28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ahamed |first=Syed Naseer |date=2020-07-01 |title=Abdul Qaiyum Ansari, who fought not only for independence but also against the social and economic inequalities |url=https://www.heritagetimes.in/abdul-qaiyum-ansari/ |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=Heritage Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was known for his commitment to national integration, secularism, and communal harmony. He was a leader who worked against the demand of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] for creation of a separate Muslim nation from India as an independent state. Mr. Ansari fought against Jinnah's two nation theory through [[All India Momin Conference]] of which he was the President.<br /> <br /> == Birth and education ==<br /> <br /> He was born on 1 July 1905 at Dehri-on-Sone, Bihar. He was born in a wealthy Momin/Ansari family. After studying at Sasaram and Dehri-on-Sone High Schools, he went on to attend [[Aligarh Muslim University]], Calcutta University, and Allahabad University, though his education was interrupted from time to time due to his active involvement in the struggle for India's freedom.<br /> <br /> == Participation in freedom struggle of India and pre-independence period works ==<br /> <br /> He was involved in the freedom struggle of India at a very early age and as a part of the same he left the government run school at his home town. He established a national school for the students who had boycotted government schools in response to the call of the [[Indian National Congress]]. For this he was arrested and imprisoned at the young age of 16 since it amounted to participation in Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements.<br /> <br /> He worked closely with the Indian National Congress throughout as a youth leader and even took part in the students' agitation against the [[Simon Commission]] during its visit to Calcutta in 1928.<br /> <br /> Abdul Qaiyum Ansari was also an accomplished journalist, writer and poet. He was editor of [[Urdu]] weekly &quot;Al-Islah&quot; (The Reform) and an Urdu monthly &quot;Musawat&quot; (Equality) in the preindependence days.<br /> <br /> == Opposition to Muslim League and formation of Momin Movement ==<br /> <br /> He opposed the communal policies of the Muslim League. Abdul Ansari was against the demand of Muslim League for creation of Pakistan by dividing India. To counter the demand of the Muslim League for a separate Muslim nation he started the Momin Movement. Under this banner he worked for the social, political, and also economic emancipation and upliftment of the backward Momin community which was at least half of India's Muslim population then. Abdul Qaiyum Ansari remained President of All India Momin Conference throughout his life.<br /> <br /> Momin movement supported the Indian National Congress Party which he perceived to be fighting for freedom for a united India, and for the establishment and development of social equality, secularism, and democracy. He also worked for the welfare of artisan and weaver's communities, and for the development of the handloom sector in the textile industry of the country.<br /> <br /> His party fought the general elections of 1946 held on the basis of separate electorates and managed to win six seats in the Bihar Provincial Assembly against the Muslim League. Thus he became the first Momin to become a Minister of Bihar in the cabinet of Bihar Kesari [[Sri Krishna Singh]] and as a young minister earned the praise of both stalwarts Bihar Kesari Shri Babu and Bihar Vibhuti Anugraha Babu. Eventually he dissolved the Momin Conference as a political body, and made it a social and economic organization. He was a Minister in the Bihar Cabinet for about seventeen years and held various important portfolios and discharged his responsibilities most ably, building up a reputation for selfless service and integrity.<br /> <br /> == Post-independence efforts ==<br /> <br /> During the [[India–Pakistan war of 1947–1948|India–Pakistan war fought over the control of Kashmir]], he came forward in October 1947 as the first Muslim leader of India to condemn the war and strenuously worked to rouse the Muslim masses to counter the such an event as aggression as true citizens of India. As an aftermath of this he founded the Indian Muslim Youth Kashmir Front in 1957 to &quot;liberate&quot; [[Azad Kashmir]]. Also, he exhorted the Indian Muslims to support the [[Government of India]] in the anti-Indian uprising of the Razakars in Hyderabad during September 1948.<br /> <br /> A champion of the poor and downtrodden, Abdul Qaiyum Ansari worked for the spread of education and literacy, and the first All India Backward Classes Commission was appointed by the Government of India in 1953 largely at Mr. Ansari's initiative.<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> <br /> Abdul Qaiyum Ansari died on 18 January 1973, at village Amiawar of Bihar, while inspecting damages caused to the village by the collapse of the Dehri-Arrah canal and organizing relief to its homeless people.<br /> <br /> == Legacy ==<br /> On 1 July 2005, the Government of India released a postage stamp to commemorate him.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ansari, Abdul}}<br /> [[Category:1905 births]]<br /> [[Category:1973 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]<br /> [[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Presidents of Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee]]<br /> [[Category:Indian political party founders]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanjay_Bansode&diff=470549 2026-03-13T05:27:40Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: adjust formatting after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{BLP sources|date=November 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name =Sanjay Bansode<br /> | office = [[Eknath Shinde ministry|Cabinet Minister]]&lt;br&gt;[[Government of Maharashtra]]<br /> | subterm = '''Cabinet'''<br /> | suboffice = *[[Eknath Shinde ministry]]<br /> | minister = <br /> *[[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Sports and Youth Welfare]]<br /> *[[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Ports Development]]<br /> | term_start = 14 July 2023<br /> | term_end = 26 November 2024<br /> | 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]<br /> | 1namedata = <br /> *[[Eknath Shinde]]<br /> | 2blankname = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]] <br /> | 2namedata = <br /> *[[Devendra Fadnavis]] ''(First)''<br /> *[[Ajit Pawar]] ''(Second)''<br /> | 3blankname = Guardian Minister<br /> | 3namedata = <br /> NA<br /> | governor = <br /> *[[Ramesh Bais]] <br /> *[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> | predecessor = <br /> *[[Girish Mahajan]] &lt;br /&gt; {{small|([[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Sports and Youth Welfare Ministry]])}}<br /> *[[Dadaji Bhuse]] &lt;br /&gt; {{small|([[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Ports Development Ministry]])}}<br /> | successor =<br /> | education =Bachelor of Arts<br /> | residence = Mauli Nivas, ST colony, Nalegaon road, [[Udgir]], [[Latur district|Latur]], Maharashtra, India<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | citizenship = India<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|12|31|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Udgir]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | death_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | termend2 = <br /> | successor2 = <br /> | office1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Minister of State]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Government of Maharashtra]]<br /> | term_start1 = 30 December 2019<br /> | term_end1 = 29 June 2022<br /> | minister1 = <br /> *[[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Maharashtra)|Environment and climate change]]<br /> *[[Ministry of Water Supply (Maharashtra)|Water Supply]].<br /> *[[Ministry of Sanitation (Maharashtra)|Sanitation]]<br /> *[[Ministry of Public Works (Including Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Public Works (Including Public Undertakings)]]<br /> *[[Ministry of Employment Guarantee (Maharashtra)|Employment Guarantee]]<br /> *[[Ministry of Earthquake Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Earthquake Rehabilitation]]<br /> *[[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Parliamentary Affairs.]]<br /> *[[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Home Affairs]] (Rural)&lt;br /&gt;''Additional charge'' on 27 June 2022<br /> *[[Ministry of Woman and Child Development Government of Maharashtra|Woman and Child Development.]]&lt;br /&gt;''Additional charge'' on 27 June 2022<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Sudhakar Sangram Bhalerao|Sudhakar Bhalerao]]<br /> | constituency2 = [[Udgir (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udgir]]<br /> | termstart2 = 27 November 2019<br /> | term_end2 = <br /> | 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]<br /> | 1namedata1 = <br /> [[Uddhav Thackeray]]<br /> | 2blankname1 = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]] <br /> | 2namedata1 = <br /> [[Ajit Pawar]]<br /> | governor1 = [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]<br /> | termend1 = <br /> | successor1 = <br /> | predecessor1 = <br /> | alma_mater = [[Deogiri College, Aurangabad]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]]<br /> | office2 = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | occupation = Politician<br /> | image = File:Shri._Sanjay_Bansode.jpg<br /> | caption = Shri. Sanjay Bansode<br /> | image_size = <br /> | otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Sanjay Baburao Bansode''' (born 31 December 1973) is an Indian politician from [[Nationalist Congress Party]], who is the cabinet minister of Maharashtra from 14 July 2023 for sports, youth welfare and ports. He also served as the minister of state from 30 December 2019 to 29 June 2022 in the Uddhav Thackeray government. He is a member of [[Nationalist Congress Party]] from [[Latur district]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=31 December 2019|title=Ncp runway is now MoS|work=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-runaway-udgir-ncp-mla-is-mos/articleshow/73041907.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He became member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] by defeating Dr.Anil Kamble of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] and represents Udgir-Jalkot constituency. He had participated in [[Namantar Andolan|Namantar movement]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=News of victory of Sanjay Bansode|url=https://www.esakal.com/maharashtra/sanjay-bansode-takes-oath-cabinet-minister-maharashtra-udgeer-latur-breaking-news-247873%3famp|date=30 December 2019|website=Sakal}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Bansode belongs to an [[Marathi Buddhists|Ambedkarite Buddhist]] family.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=23 Ministers Belong to the Maratha Community in Thackeray Government |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/23-ministers-belong-to-the-maratha-community-in-thackeray-government-126408482.html |website=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maha Cabinet Expansion First Cabinet Expansion of Maha Government Led by CM Uddhav Thackeray |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/maha-cabinet-expansion-first-cabinet-expansion-of-maha-government-led-by-cm-uddhav-thackeray-126407251.html |website=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After completing matriculation in Latur, Bansode completed graduation from [[Deogiri College, Aurangabad]].<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> ===Early career===<br /> <br /> Bansode was known as student loving leader since he showed his leadership in college. In same time, he started to work for [[National Students' Union of India]]. He joined [[Indian National Congress]] in 1992. He was regional vice-president of [[Indian Youth Congress]]. During [[Namantar Andolan|Namantar movement]], he traveled in [[Marathwada]] with [[Nationalist Congress Party]] president [[Sharad Pawar]].<br /> <br /> He became executive president of NCP for Latur district when NCP founded in 1999. Since then he worked as regional secretary. He also worked as district president of [[Jyotirao Phule|Mahatma Phule]] Equality Council.<br /> <br /> ===Elections===<br /> <br /> Bansode was defeated in triad battle to Sudhakar Bhalerao in [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]]. He worked for five years in the constituency. Udgir constituency is a strong point for [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]], where NCP had only one district councillor and two [[Panchayat Samiti|Panchayat committee]] members.<br /> <br /> He won [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] by defeating incumbent Dr. Anil Kamble with margin of 20,000 votes. Udgir constituency got minister after 35 years. Before Bansode, [[Udgir (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] had a state minister Balasaheb Jadhav in 1984 to '86.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Profile on Myneta|url=https://myneta.info/maharashtra2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=1131|date=2014|website=myneta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Positions held ==<br /> • 1992–1999: Regional vice-president of Youth Congress and member of Indian National Congress<br /> <br /> • 1999–2019: Regional Secretary of Nationalist Congress Party<br /> <br /> • 2019–present: Member Of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly<br /> <br /> • 2019–2022: Minister of state for environment, water supply and sanitation, public works, employment guarantee, earthquake rehabilitation and parliamentary affairs; Government of Maharashtra<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> • [[Udgir (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bansode, Sanjay}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1973 births]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Navayana Buddhists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian Buddhists]]<br /> [[Category:People from Latur district]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Marathwada]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huzoor_Palace,_Porbandar&diff=446834 2026-03-12T19:22:11Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: revised</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=August 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox building<br /> |name= Huzoor Palace, Porbandar<br /> |image=Huzoor Palace at Porbandar.jpg<br /> |image_caption= Huzoor Palace at [[Porbandar]]<br /> |pushpin_map= India<br /> |coordinates = {{coord|21.628|69.613|region:IN-RJ|display=inline}}<br /> |location_town= [[Porbandar]]<br /> |location_country= India<br /> |architect= <br /> |client= [[Maharaja]] [[Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji|Rana Natwarsinhji]]<br /> |engineer= <br /> |construction_start_date=early 20th century<br /> |completion_date=<br /> |demolished_date= <br /> |cost=<br /> |structural_system= <br /> |architectural_style= European architecture with [[Neoclassical architecture|neo-classical]] [[colonnades]] <br /> |size=<br /> }}<br /> The '''Huzoor Palace''', also spelled '''Huzar Palace''',&lt;ref name=Brit&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Porbandar|title= Porbandar|access-date=5 July 2015|work=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a palace in [[Porbandar]], in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]. It was built by [[Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji|Rana Natwarsinhji]], who was the last Maharaja of the [[Porbandar State|Princely State of Porbandar]], in the early years of the 20th century, with clear European influences. The palace is now used by the successors of the Maharaja's family who reside in London.<br /> <br /> During the [[Navratri]] festival people of the town queue up at the palace grounds to pay a ''nazar'' or pay respect to the former [[Maharaja]] and [[Maharani]] of Porbandar.{{Sfn|Gandhi|2014|p=146}}<br /> <br /> ==Location==<br /> The palace is situated in the city of [[Porbandar]] of the [[Kathiawar Peninsula]] in western Gujarat on the [[Arabian Sea]] coast at the terminal part of the Marine Drive, facing the sea, spread over a sprawling ground.&lt;ref name=Brit/&gt;&lt;ref name=Chamber/&gt; It is served by air, rail and road services. The railway station is {{Convert|1|km|spell=in}} to the east of the town and trains run to Ahmedabad and Mumbai. The town's airport is {{Convert|7|km|spell=in}} away and daily flights operate to Mumbai &amp; Ahmedabad{{Sfn|Rough|2013|p=665}}<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Huzoor Palace was constructed in early part of the 20th century by [[Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji|Rana Natwarsinhji]], who was the last Maharaja of the [[Porbandar State|Princely State of Porbandar]]. Tourists are prohibited from visiting the palace,&lt;ref name=Sea&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://collectorporbandar.gujarat.gov.in/tourist-places/huzoor-palace|title=Huzoor Palace|access-date=5 June 2015|publisher=Collectorate- District Porbander, Government of Gujarat|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409191644/https://collectorporbandar.gujarat.gov.in/tourist-places/huzoor-palace|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> as it is now used by the successors of the Maharaja's family who reside in London.{{Sfn|Rough|2013|p=665}}<br /> <br /> Presently, the palace seems to be in desolate condition with door taken out and brick walls put in place. It is not open to visitors.<br /> <br /> ==Architecture==<br /> The palace was built with a clear European influence, with many wings and a slanting roof. The windows are very large with views of the [[Arabian Sea|sea]]. The various wings of the palace have front and backyards, and arranged so that they present a natural scenic ambiance surrounded by gardens and fountains. The ornamental porticos in the facade are semi-circular in shape, built with [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] columns.&lt;ref name=Chamber&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.porbandardistrict.com/|title=Welcome to The Porbandar District Chamber of Commerce and Industries|access-date=5 June 2015|publisher=The Porbandar District Chamber of Commerce &amp; Industries|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128071119/http://www.porbandardistrict.com/|archive-date=28 January 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book|last= Gandhi |first=Amrita |title=Live Like a Maharaja: How to Turn Your Home into a Palace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9fEAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT146|date=15 February 2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-627-4}}<br /> *{{cite book|last=Rough|first=Guide|title=The Rough Guide to India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FfKtAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT665|date=1 October 2013|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-4093-4267-0}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Palaces in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Rajput architecture]]<br /> [[Category:Porbandar]]<br /> [[Category:Royal residences in India]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Monuments_of_National_Importance_in_Mumbai_circle&diff=453261 2026-03-12T08:05:34Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: formatting fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br /> This is a list of [[Monument of National Importance|Monuments of National Importance]] as officially recognized by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]] falling under the jurisdiction of its [[Mumbai]] (ASI circle).&lt;ref name=&quot;ASI MNI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://asi.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Maharashtra-Aurangabad-Circle-Mumbai-Circle-and-Nagpur-Circle.pdf|title=List of Centrally Protected Monuments / Sites under the jurisdiction of Maharashtra (Aurangabad Circle, Mumbai Circle and Nagpur Circle) |website=Archaeological Survey of India| date=August 2021|accessdate=27 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{GeoGroup}}<br /> <br /> {{ASI Monument header|state_iso=IN-MH|Circle=Mumbai}}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M1 <br /> | description = [[Kopeshwar Temple]] <br /> | location = Khidrapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat =16.61595 <br /> | lon =74.68565 <br /> | image =Kopeshwar SideView.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M2 <br /> | description = Ancient site at [[Brahamapuri]] <br /> | location = Kolhapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat =16.70454 <br /> | lon =74.21826 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M3 <br /> | description = [[Panhala Fort]]<br /> i. Ambarkhana, <br /> ii. Andhra Vav,<br /> iii. Dharma Kopthi, <br /> iv. Naikinicha Sajja,<br /> v. Teen Darwaja, <br /> vi. Wagh Darwaja,<br /> vii. Tatbandi together with bastions <br /> | location = Panhala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat = 16.8113<br /> | lon = 74.10781<br /> | image =Panhala fort.JPG <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M3-a <br /> | description = Panhala Fort: i. Ambarkhana<br /> | location = Panhala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat = 16.80922<br /> | lon = 74.10923<br /> | image = Ambarkhana on Panhala.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M3-b <br /> | description = Panhala Fort: ii. Andhra Vav<br /> | location = Panhala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat = 16.8066<br /> | lon = 74.10749<br /> | image =Insite Panhala fort.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M3-c <br /> | description = Panhala Fort: iii. Dharma Kothi / Sajja Kothi<br /> | location = Panhala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat = 16.81374<br /> | lon = 74.11282<br /> | image =Inside Sajja Kothi on Panhala.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M3-d <br /> | description = Panhala Fort: iv. Naikinicha Sajja<br /> | location = Panhala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat = 16.80811<br /> | lon = 74.11324<br /> | image =Kalavantin's Mahal (Dansuese's Palace) Panhala.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M3-e <br /> | description = Panhala Fort: v. Teen Darwaja<br /> | location = Panhala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat = 16.80727<br /> | lon = 74.10688<br /> | image = Teen darwaja.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M3-f <br /> | description = Panhala Fort: vi. Wagh Darwaja<br /> | location = Panhala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat = 16.81424<br /> | lon = 74.11096<br /> |image=Panhala Fort photo.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M3-g <br /> | description = Panhala Fort: vii. Tatbandi together with bastions <br /> | location = Panhala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat = 16.8088889<br /> | lon = 74.1091667<br /> | image =Panhala walls on Konkan side.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M4 <br /> | description = [[Pohale Caves|Buddhist Caves]] <br /> | location = Pohala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Kolhapur <br /> | lat =16.79097 <br /> | lon =74.19117 <br /> | image =Pohale Caves.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M5 <br /> | description = Monolithic bas relief depicting seven manifestations of Siva locally known as Baradeva [[Parel Relief]] <br /> | location = [[Parel]] village <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Mumbai <br /> | lat = 19.00057<br /> | lon = 72.84737<br /> | image =Monolithic bass relief depicting siva -Mumbai -Maharashtra -DSC003.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M6 <br /> | description = Whole hill [[Sion Fort|fort of Sion]] together with all ancient Portuguese remains of buildings situated to the north, east and south-east sides of the hill at its toe<br /> | location = [[Sion, Mumbai|Sion]]<br /> | address = <br /> | district = Mumbai<br /> | lat = 19.046595<br /> | lon = 72.867498<br /> | image = External Wall of Sion Fort.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M7 <br /> | description = [[Kanheri Caves|The Buddhist Caves]]<br /> | location = Kaneri <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Mumbai Suburban <br /> | lat =19.20786 <br /> | lon =72.9048 <br /> | image = Kanheri Great Chaitya panorama.jpg<br /> |commonscat=Kanheri Caves<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M8 <br /> | description = [[Kondivate Caves|Kondivate/Mahakali Caves]] <br /> | location = Kondiote <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Mumbai Suburban <br /> | lat =19.13007 <br /> | lon =72.87317 <br /> | image = Kondivte Caves 01.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M9 <br /> | description = [[Jogeshwari Caves]] <br /> | location = Majas <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Mumbai Suburban <br /> | lat = 19.1391<br /> | lon = 72.8568<br /> | image = Jogeshwari Caves Statue 8.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M10 <br /> | description = [[Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church, Mt. Poinsur|Old Portuguese Churches]], Watch Tower and Caves<br /> | location = Mandapeshwar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Mumbai Suburban <br /> | lat =19.24462 <br /> | lon =72.85321 <br /> | image = Mandapeshwar caves &amp; Portuguese churches 17.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M11 <br /> | description = [[Mandapeshwar Caves|Caves]] <br /> | location = Mandapeshwar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Mumbai Suburban <br /> | lat =19.24503 <br /> | lon =72.85363 <br /> | image = Mandapeshwar Caves.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M12 <br /> | description = The Portuguese monastery over the caves and large watch tower on the adjoining hill at Mandapeshwar <br /> | location = Mandapeshwar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Mumbai Suburban <br /> | lat =19.24525 <br /> | lon =72.85336 <br /> | image = Mandapeshwar caves &amp; Portuguese churches 25.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M13 <br /> | description = [[Arnala Fort]] <br /> | location = Arnala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Palghar <br /> | lat =19.46594 <br /> | lon =72.73225 <br /> | image =Arnala killa.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M14 <br /> | description = Fort and Portuguese remains - [[Bassein Fort]] also known as Vasai Fort<br /> | location = Bassein <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Palghar<br /> | lat = 19.33027778<br /> | lon = 72.815<br /> | image = Dwan of Vasai Fort.JPG<br /> |commonscat=Bassein Fort<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M15 <br /> | description = Tank by the west side of the road from Umarale village to Bolinj<br /> | location = Bolinj <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Palghar <br /> | lat =19.43267 <br /> | lon =72.79668 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M16 <br /> | description = Mound locally known as &amp;quot;Sonar Bhat&amp;quot; in Hissa No.11 of the Survey No. 52 having an area of {{Fraction|25|1|4}} gunthas<br /> | location = Gas <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Palghar <br /> | lat =19.40889 <br /> | lon =72.80456 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M17 <br /> | description = Caves on Burud Hill [[Bahrot Caves]] <br /> | location = Khunavada <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Palghar <br /> | lat =20.06899 <br /> | lon =72.82356 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-18 <br /> | description = A mound locally known as Burud Raja cha Kot [[Nallasopara]] <br /> | location = Mardes (Nalasopara)<br /> | address = <br /> | district = Palghar<br /> | lat =19.41419 <br /> | lon =72.79524 <br /> | image =Stupa Of Nalla sopara (Mumbai) 03 Panorama shot.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-19 <br /> | description = Brahmanical Caves <br /> | location = Polu Sonala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Palghar <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M20 <br /> | description = Carved Stones <br /> | location = Vada <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Palghar <br /> | lat =19.65193 <br /> | lon =73.14298 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M21 <br /> | description = Small Dargah near [[Habsi Gumbaz|Habsi Gumaz]] (near Junnar) <br /> | location = Agar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =19.19642 <br /> | lon =73.8979 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M22 <br /> | description = Cave Temples and Inscriptions ([[Bedse Caves]])<br /> | location = Bedsa <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 18.72143<br /> | lon = 73.53511<br /> | image = Bedse Caves.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M23 <br /> | description = Cave temples and Inscriptions ([[Bhaja Caves]])<br /> | location = Bhaja <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =18.72839 <br /> | lon =73.48154 <br /> | image = Bhaja Caves IMG 5469.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M24 <br /> | description = Caves and inscription at the Nana Pass ([[Naneghat]]) <br /> | location = Ghatghar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 19.2922<br /> | lon = 73.67506<br /> | image = Complete view of Inscription in cave at Naneghat.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M25 <br /> | description = Caves, Temple and Inscription (also known as [[Lenyadri]])<br /> | location = Junnar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 19.24345<br /> | lon = 73.88741<br /> | image = Lenyadri.jpg<br /> |commonscat=Lenyadri<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M26 <br /> | description = [[Shivneri Fort|Fort of Shivneri]] <br /> | location = Junnar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =19.19309 <br /> | lon =73.85547 <br /> | image = 045shivneri3.jpg<br /> |commonscat=Shivneri<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M27 <br /> | description = [[Habsi Gumbaz]] <br /> | location = Junnar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =19.1962 <br /> | lon =73.89848 <br /> | image = N-MH-M75 Habsi Gumbaz 4.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M28 <br /> | description = Cave Temples and inscriptions ([[Karla Caves]])<br /> | location = Karla<br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 18.78333333<br /> | lon = 73.47055556<br /> | image = Karla chaitya stupa.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M29 <br /> | description = Ancient dam with lock and sluice gates <br /> | location = Khed <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M30 <br /> | description = [[Dilawar Khan's Tomb and Mosque#Mosque|Dilawar Khan's Masjid]] <br /> | location = Khed <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =18.85489 <br /> | lon =73.88453 <br /> | image = Hazrat_Dilawar_khan_dargah,_rajgurunagar_(3).JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M31 <br /> | description = [[Dilawar Khan's Tomb and Mosque#Tomb|Dilawar Khan's Tomb]] <br /> | location = Khed <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =18.85491 <br /> | lon =73.88511 <br /> | image = Hazrat_Dilawar_khan_dargah,_rajgurunagar_(2).JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M32 <br /> | description = [[Lohagad|Fort]] <br /> | location = Lohogad <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =18.70992 <br /> | lon =73.47669 <br /> | image = Greenery at Lohagad Fort.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M33 <br /> | description = [[Bhuleshwar Temple|Bhuleshwar Mahadeo Temple]] <br /> | location = Malsiras <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 18.435874<br /> | lon = 74.241081<br /> | image = Bhuleshwar1.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M34 <br /> | description = [[Aga Khan Palace]] Building <br /> | location = Pune <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 18.5523<br /> | lon = 73.9015<br /> | image = Aga Khan Palace, Pune, India.jpg<br /> |commonscat=Aga Khan Palace<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M35 <br /> | description = The Cave Temple of Bhamburda (known as [[Pataleshwar caves]])<br /> | location = Pune <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =18.52698 <br /> | lon =73.84988 <br /> | image =N-MH-M63 PATALESHWAR CAVES.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M36 <br /> | description = Old Citadel known as [[Shaniwar Wada]] <br /> | location = Pune <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 18.519075<br /> | lon = 73.85545<br /> | image = Shaniwarwada fortress gate.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M37 <br /> | description = Old European Tombs <br /> | location = Pune <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M38 <br /> | description = [[Rajmachi|Fort]]<br /> | location = Rajmachi <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 18.83132<br /> | lon = 73.39515<br /> | image = RajmachiView from Rajmachi Village.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M39 <br /> | description = Excavations &amp;amp; Inscriptions ([[Ghorawadi_Caves|Ghoradeshwar Caves]])<br /> | location = Shelarwadi <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat =18.69238 <br /> | lon =73.70402 <br /> | image = Ghoradeshwar_(Shelarwadi)_Leni.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M40 <br /> | description = [[Visapur Fort|Fort ]]<br /> | location = Visapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Pune <br /> | lat = 18.7225<br /> | lon = 73.49<br /> | image = Visapur fort Ramparts.JPG<br /> |commonscat=Visapur fort<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M41 <br /> | description = Songad <br /> | location = Achloli <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.09804 <br /> | lon =73.38926 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M42 <br /> | description = Cathedral <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.5565 <br /> | lon =72.93843 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M43 <br /> | description = Chouburji-the castle or factory of Cheul <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M44 <br /> | description = Church &amp;amp; Convent of the Augustinians <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M45 <br /> | description = The Dominican Church &amp;amp; Convent <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M46 <br /> | description = The Jesuit Monastery <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M47 <br /> | description = Kothi <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = Raigad kothi.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M48 <br /> | description = 1 Buruj <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = Buruj Raigad.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M49 <br /> | description = St. Francis Xavier's Chapel <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M50 <br /> | description = Satkhani Buruj-St. Barbara's Tower <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M51 <br /> | description = Two Gates-Porta do Mar &amp;amp; Porta da Terra <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M52 <br /> | description = Hirakote old Fort <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53 <br /> | description = [[Kolaba Fort]] Containing i) Sarja Kot, ii) The North Causeway, iii) The Manik Chawda, iv) The South causeway, v) The Talghar, vi) The Padmawati Shrine, vii) The Temple of Gulbai or Mahishasuri, viii) The Shrine of Bhawani, ix) The Nanisahib's Palace, x) The Thorla wada, xi) The Reservoir Apsaras, xii) The Temple of Ganpati-Panchyatan, xiii) The Temple of Mahadeo, xiv) The Shrine of Maruti, xv) The Temple of Kanoba, xvi) The Shrine of Yeshvantdari, xvii) The Tomb of a Mahomedan saint, xviii) The Temple of Bapdeo<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> |image=Kolaba-Fort1.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-a <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: i) Sarja Kot<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.63789<br /> | lon = 72.86553<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-b <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort Containing: ii) The North Causeway<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.63695<br /> | lon = 72.86514<br /> | image = Kolaba fort northcauseway.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-c <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: iii) The Manik Chawda<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-d <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: iv) The South causeway<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-e <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: v) The Talghar<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-f <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: vi) The Padmawati Shrine<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-g <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: vii) The Temple of Gulbai or Mahishasuri<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-h <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: viii) The Shrine of Bhawani<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-i <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: ix) The Nanisahib's Palace<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-j <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: x) The Thorla wada<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-k <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: xi) The Reservoir Apsaras<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-l <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: xii) The Temple of Ganpati-Panchyatan<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.63386<br /> | lon = 72.86414<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-m <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: xiii) The Temple of Mahadeo<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.63397<br /> | lon = 72.8641<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-n <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: xiv) The Shrine of Maruti<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-o<br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: xv) The Temple of Kanoba<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-p <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: xvi) The Shrine of Yeshvantdari<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-q <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: xvii) The Tomb of a Mahomedan saint<br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M53-r <br /> | description = Kolaba Fort: xviii) The Temple of Bapdeo <br /> | location = Agarkot <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.6344<br /> | lon = 72.8642<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M54 <br /> | description = Caves<br /> | location = Ambivli <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =19.01881 <br /> | lon =73.49722 <br /> | image =Ambivali Caves.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M55 <br /> | description = [[Birwadi fort]] on a broken range of varying 1700 to 900 feet in height<br /> | location = Birwadi <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad<br /> | lat =18.42415 <br /> | lon =73.04137 <br /> | image =Birwadi fort.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M56 <br /> | description = Barber's Mahal <br /> | location = Cheul <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M57 <br /> | description = Dadar (Stair Case) <br /> | location = Cheul <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M58 <br /> | description = Kaman (Arch) <br /> | location = Cheul <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M59 <br /> | description = Mosque <br /> | location = Cheul <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M60 <br /> | description = Rajkot <br /> | location = Cheul <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M61 <br /> | description = Tomb of Angre <br /> | location = Cheul <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M62 <br /> | description = Vada of Dancing Girls <br /> | location = Cheul <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M63 <br /> | description = [[Chandragad]] <br /> | location = Dhavala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.0015 <br /> | lon =73.61952 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M64 <br /> | description = [[Elephanta Caves]] <br /> | location = Gharapuri <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.96334<br /> | lon = 72.93148<br /> | image = Elephanta Caves in Elephanta Island in Maharashtra.JPG<br /> |commonscat=Elephanta Caves<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M65 <br /> | description = Ancient Brick stupa at [[Elephanta Island]]. <br /> | location = Gharapuri <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.9665<br /> | lon = 72.93748<br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M66 <br /> | description = Gheragad or [[Surgad]] <br /> | location = Ghera Surgad <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.45506 <br /> | lon =73.22649 <br /> | image = 217gherasurgarh.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M67 <br /> | description = [[Ghosale gad|Ghosalgad Fort]] <br /> | location = Ghosale <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.3647 <br /> | lon =73.09074 <br /> | image = 218ghosalgarh.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M68 <br /> | description = Buddhist Caves <br /> | location = Gomashi <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.46582 <br /> | lon =73.29812 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M69 <br /> | description = Old Fort containing a temple of the God Kangormel &amp;amp; Two tanks <br /> | location = Kadasari Kangori <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.05012 <br /> | lon =73.58162 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M70 <br /> | description = A precipitious hill near Raigad Fort containing one rock-cut cistern of water. It was formerly used as a Jail for prisoners. <br /> | location = Kadasari Lingana <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad<br /> | lat =18.25325 <br /> | lon =73.50237 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M71 <br /> | description = Caves <br /> | location = Kol <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.06611 <br /> | lon =73.42986 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M72 <br /> | description = Caves situated in Survey No.86 &amp;amp; No. 49 of the Village of Kol <br /> | location = Kol <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.05462 <br /> | lon =73.43244 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M73 <br /> | description = [[Kondana Caves|Caves]] <br /> | location = Kondhane <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.83938 <br /> | lon =73.38396 <br /> | image = Waterfall in front the cave.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M74 <br /> | description = [[Korlai Fort|Old Fort]] <br /> | location = Korlai <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.53632 <br /> | lon =72.90813 <br /> | image =Korlai fort inscription.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M75 <br /> | description = [[Kuda Caves|Caves]] <br /> | location = Kuda <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.28559 <br /> | lon =73.07281 <br /> | image =Kuda-caves-15.JPG <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M76 <br /> | description = [[Avchitgad|Awchitgad]] <br /> | location = Medhe <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.47502 <br /> | lon =73.1182 <br /> |image=Prajwal1030.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M77 <br /> | description = [[Kasa Fort|Kasa (Kamsa) Fort]] also known as Murud Fort<br /> | location = Murud <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.32213 <br /> | lon =72.9327 <br /> | image = The Murud Fort.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M78 <br /> | description = [[Thanale Caves|Thanala Caves]] <br /> | location = Nadsur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.56872 <br /> | lon =73.3193 <br /> | image =Thanale Caves.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M79 <br /> | description = Nagothana Bridge <br /> | location = Nagothana <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.53883 <br /> | lon =73.13333 <br /> | image =Old bridge of Nagothane.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M80 <br /> | description = [[Nenavali Caves|Khadsamla Caves]] <br /> | location = Nenawali <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.51026 <br /> | lon =73.3443 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M81 <br /> | description = Jijamata's Samadhi consisting of four towers. <br /> | location = Pachad <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.24392 <br /> | lon =73.41472 <br /> | image = Jijamata Samadhi at Pachad, Raigadh, Maharashtra.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M82 <br /> | description = Jijamata's Wada comprising four dilapidated houses &amp;amp; three wells surrounded by a stone wall <br /> | location = Pachad <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.23677 <br /> | lon =73.41735 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M84 <br /> | description = [[Gandharpale Caves|Caves]]<br /> | location = Pala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.08682 <br /> | lon =73.40416 <br /> | image =Gandhapale caves.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M84 <br /> | description = Caves Near the [[Kothaligad|Kotali Fort]] <br /> | location = Peth <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.99223 <br /> | lon =73.51267 <br /> | image = Caves Near the Kotaligad.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M85 <br /> | description = [[Kothaligad|Kotali Fort]] with two iron guns and one bronze gun <br /> | location = Peth <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.99208 <br /> | lon =73.51298 <br /> | image = Kothaligad with Cannon gun.JPG <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M86 <br /> | description = [[Raigad Fort]] <br /> | location = Raigad <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat = 18.2335<br /> | lon = 73.4406<br /> | image = Raigad fort towers.jpg<br /> |commonscat=Raigad Fort<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M87 <br /> | description = [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira Fort]] <br /> | location = Rajapuri <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.2999 <br /> | lon =72.96443 <br /> | image = Janjiraushnish6.jpg<br /> |commonscat=Janjira Fort<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M88 <br /> | description = Tombs at Khokari Najik Ghumaj ([[Khokari Tombs|Khokari Ghumaj]]) <br /> | location = Rajapuri <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.30167 <br /> | lon =72.98102 <br /> | image = A view of two tombs at Khokeri Ghumaj, near Murud, Maharashtra.JPG<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M89 <br /> | description = [[Talagad|Tala Fort]] <br /> | location = Tala <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Raigad <br /> | lat =18.29224 <br /> | lon =73.13603 <br /> | image =Talagad5.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M90 <br /> | description = Mosque <br /> | location = Dabhol <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Ratnagiri <br /> | lat =17.58541 <br /> | lon =73.17637 <br /> | image =Shahi Masjid Dabhol.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M91 <br /> | description = Rock cut Caves (Ganesh lena group) <br /> | location = Dapoli <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Ratnagiri <br /> | lat =17.64572 <br /> | lon =73.24619 <br /> | image = Panhalekaji cave.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M92 <br /> | description = [[Suvarnadurg]] <br /> | location = Harnai <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Ratnagiri <br /> | lat = 17.817<br /> | lon = 73.085<br /> | image = 223harne2.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M93 <br /> | description = [[Jaigad Fort|Jaygad fort]] <br /> | location = Jaygad<br /> | address = <br /> | district = Ratnagiri <br /> | lat = 17.3007<br /> | lon = 73.2215<br /> | image = 160jaygarh7.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M94 <br /> | description = [[Vijaydurg Fort]] <br /> | location = Vijaydurg <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Ratnagiri <br /> | lat =16.56117 <br /> | lon =73.33297 <br /> | image = 153vijaygarh5.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M95 <br /> | description = Muhammad Tughlak's Mosque <br /> | location = Khanapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sangli <br /> | lat =17.26038 <br /> | lon =74.71539 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M96 <br /> | description = Buddhist caves <br /> | location = Jakhinwadi<br /> | address = <br /> | district = Satara <br /> | lat =17.23557 <br /> | lon =74.15226 <br /> |image=Karad caves Agashiv Leni.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M97 <br /> | description = Panta's Kot or Got open space <br /> | location = Karad<br /> | address = <br /> | district = Satara <br /> | lat =17.29277 <br /> | lon =74.17642 <br /> |image=Pantach kot well.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M98 <br /> | description = Old Temple of the River Krishna facing the Wai Valley <br /> | location = Old Mahabaleshwar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Satara <br /> | lat =17.96427 <br /> | lon =73.6654 <br /> | image = Old Temple of the River Krishna.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M99 <br /> | description = Jhabareshwar Mahadeo temple <br /> | location = Phaltan <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Satara <br /> | lat =17.99023 <br /> | lon =74.43032 <br /> | image =Jabreshwar Mandir,Phaltan.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M100 <br /> | description = Tomb of Begami <br /> | location = Ghodeshwar <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.56367 <br /> | lon =75.56989 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M101 <br /> | description = Aurangazeb's Fort <br /> | location = Machnur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.56791 <br /> | lon =75.56192 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M102 <br /> | description = Old Temple of Sri Siddheshwar (enclosed in a paved court) <br /> | location = Machnur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.56451 <br /> | lon =75.55923 <br /> | image =Siddheshwar Mandir, Machnur, Solapur. Original photo by Amar D. Raut on 4 September 2021.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M103 <br /> | description = Covered colonnade (to the south of the well) <br /> | location = Mahalung <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.87056 <br /> | lon =75.09324 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M104 <br /> | description = Hemadpanthi Temple of Mahadeo <br /> | location = Mahalung <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.87053 <br /> | lon =75.09622 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M105 <br /> | description = Hemadpanthi Temple of Vithoba <br /> | location = Mahalung <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.87041 <br /> | lon =75.09442 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M106 <br /> | description = Hemadpanthi Well <br /> | location = Mahalung <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.87066 <br /> | lon =75.09327 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M107 <br /> | description = Mahadev Stones <br /> | location = Mahalung <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat = <br /> | lon = <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M108 <br /> | description = Temple of Devi (Yamai) <br /> | location = Mahalung <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.87073 <br /> | lon =75.09295 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M109 <br /> | description = [[Solapur Bhuikot Killa|Old Fort]] <br /> | location = Sholapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.67402 <br /> | lon =75.90212 <br /> | image = India2012 Maharashtra Solapur Fort from lake side Panorama.jpg <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M110 <br /> | description = Gateway and old Maruti temple with Viragal stones on either side. <br /> | location = Velapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.79075 <br /> | lon =75.05904 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M111 <br /> | description = Old doubled shrined temple, on the far side of a tank near the last <br /> | location = Velapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.79242 <br /> | lon =75.0605 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M112 <br /> | description = Old Temple and Viragals or sculptured memorial stones by the road side just outside the village <br /> | location = Velapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.79139 <br /> | lon =75.06086 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M113 <br /> | description = Old Temple of Sarkarvada locally known as Parasnath temple <br /> | location = Velapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.79071 <br /> | lon =75.05729 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M114 <br /> | description = Temple of Haranareshwar &amp;amp; Ardhanarinateshwar, one Hemadpanthi tank (small square kunda) &amp;amp; Viragal stone kept in the compound. <br /> | location = Velapur <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sholapur <br /> | lat =17.79162 <br /> | lon =75.0539 <br /> | image = <br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M115 <br /> | description = [[Sindhudurg Fort]] <br /> | location = Malvan <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Sindhdurg <br /> | lat =16.04338 <br /> | lon =73.46099 <br /> | image = 133sindhudurg 1.jpg<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M116 <br /> | description = [[Shiv Mandir, Ambarnath|Temple of Ambarnath]] <br /> | location = Ambarnath <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Thane <br /> | lat =19.19853 <br /> | lon =73.1768 <br /> | image = Shiv Mandir, Ambernath.jpg<br /> |commonscat=Shiva temple of Ambarnath<br /> }}<br /> {{ASI Monument row<br /> | number = N-MH-M117 <br /> | description = Mahuli Fort <br /> | location = Mahuli <br /> | address = <br /> | district = Thane <br /> | lat =19.49106 <br /> | lon =73.25005 <br /> | image = Mahuli Fort From Pivali End.JPG <br /> }}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[List of State Protected Monuments in Maharashtra]]<br /> * [[List of Monuments of National Importance in India]]<br /> * [[Heritage structures in Mumbai]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Monuments in India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Maharashtra|Monuments of National Importance, Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Monuments and memorials in Maharashtra|Monuments of National Importance, Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural history of Maharashtra|Monuments of National Importance]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Maharashtra|Monuments of National Importance]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parsi_cuisine&diff=467090 2026-03-10T06:51:01Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: correct formatting per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Traditional cuisine of the Parsis of India and Pakistan}}<br /> {{no footnotes|date=April 2011}}<br /> {{Indian cuisine}}<br /> {{Pakistani cuisine}}<br /> <br /> '''Parsi cuisine''' refers to the traditional cuisine of the [[Parsi people]] who had migrated into the [[Indian subcontinent]] from Persia, and currently spread across the modern-day South Asian republics of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |language=en<br /> |url=http://www.parsicuisine.com/cookbooks-3/<br /> |title=Parsi Cuisine<br /> |first=Rita<br /> |last=Jamshed Kapadia<br /> |access-date=2022-07-04<br /> |date=1999-06-02<br /> |website=Parsi Cuisine<br /> |archive-date=2022-07-29<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729004538/http://www.parsicuisine.com/cookbooks-3/<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Primary meals==<br /> The basic feature of a Parsi lunch is rice, eaten with [[lentil]]s or a [[curry]]. Curry is made with [[coconut]] and ''ras'' without, with curry usually being thicker than ''ras''. Dinner would be a meat dish, often accompanied by [[potato]]es or other vegetable curry. ''[[Kachumber|Kachumbar]]'' (a sharp onion-cucumber salad) accompanies most meals.<br /> <br /> Popular Parsi dishes include:<br /> * ''Chicken Farcha'' (Fried chicken appetizer)<br /> * ''[[Dhansak]]'' (Lamb, mutton, goat, chicken or vegetables in a mixed lentil or toor daal gravy served with brown rice)<br /> * ''Patra ni Machhi'' (Fish - Pomfret or Surmai stuffed heavily with green coconut chutney and wrapped in a banana leaf - steam cooked.)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|language=en<br /> |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/5-non-veg-recipes-thatll-make-you-fall-in-love-with-parsi-cuisine-3031994<br /> |title=5 Non-Veg Recipes That'll Make You Fall In Love With Parsi Cuisine<br /> |first=Priyaja<br /> |last=Bakshi<br /> |access-date=2022-07-04<br /> |date=2022-06-02<br /> |website=NDTV Food<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Sali Murghi'' (Spicy chicken with fine [[french fries|fried matchstick potatoes]])<br /> * ''Saas ni Machhi'' (Yellow rice with [[pomfret]] fish fillets in white sauce)<br /> * ''Kolmi no Patio'' (Shrimp in spicy tomato curry)<br /> * ''Jardaloo Sali Boti'' (Boneless mutton in an onion and tomato sauce with apricots and fried matchstick potatoes)<br /> * ''[[Khichri]]'' (rice with toor daal or moong daal)<br /> * ''Tamota ni Ras Chaval'' (mutton cutlets with white rice and tomato sauce)<br /> Also popular among Parsis, but less so elsewhere, are the typical Parsi ''eeda'' (egg) dishes, which include ''[[akuri]]'' (scrambled eggs with spices) and the ''pora'' (&quot;Parsi&quot; [[omelette]]). Also, vegetables like [[okra]], [[tomato]], [[potato]] and others are often cooked with [[egg]]s on top.<br /> <br /> Traditional breakfasts during the 1930s in Mumbai or in many South Gujarat villages consisted of ''khurchan'' (offal meats cooked with potatoes in a spicy gravy), and some variant of the ubiquitous deep-fried, fried or half-fried eggs. In agrarian communities, this would be washed down by copious quantities of coconut toddy, often straight off the tree.<br /> <br /> Although in the not-so-distant past, vegetables were considered a 'poor peoples food', there is a presently a trend towards light eating, no red-meat and even vegetarianism.<br /> <br /> ==Desserts==<br /> Common desserts include ''sev'' ([[vermicelli]]), ''ravo'' (sweet [[semolina]] pudding) and ''[[Malida|malido]]'' (a nutty fudge). Also popular are ''[[Falooda|faluda]]'' and ''[[kulfi]]'', both of which are adoptions from the cuisines of the [[Irani (India)|Irani]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]-speaking communities. Wedding feasts traditionally include ''Lagan nu Custard''.<br /> <br /> ==Snacks==<br /> Popular parsi snacks include ''bhakhra'' (deep fried sweet dough), ''[[Nankhatai|batasa]]'' (tea biscuits), ''dar ni pori'' (sweetened lentils stuffed in a light pastry), ''doodh na puff'' (milk froth) and ''khaman na ladva'' (dumplings stuffed with sweetened coconut).<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Irani café|Irani Cafe]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *{{cite book|last=Kapadia|first=Rita J.|title=Parsi Cuisine: Manna of the 21st Century|url=https://www.createspace.com/4832223|year=2014|location=USA|publisher=Createspace|isbn = 978-1499730289}}<br /> *{{citation|last=Westrip|first=Joyce P.|year=2006|title=Fire and spice: Parsi cookery|location=London|publisher=Serif|isbn = 1-897959-41-9}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Commonscatinline}}<br /> <br /> {{cuisines}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Parsi Cuisine}}<br /> [[Category:Parsi cuisine| ]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cuisine by state or union territory]]<br /> [[Category:South Asian cuisine]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veena_Sood&diff=543909 2026-03-04T22:49:58Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started a page first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Canadian actress}}<br /> {{distinguish|Veena Sud}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Veena Sood<br /> | other_names = <br /> | image = Veena Sood 2025.jpg<br /> | caption = Sood in 2025<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_name =<br /> | birth_place = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | resting_place = <br /> | resting_place_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | education = <br /> | height = <br /> | years_active = 1983–present<br /> | party = <br /> | spouse = J. Johnson (m. 2008)<br /> | children = <br /> | awards = <br /> | father = <br /> | mother = <br /> | relatives = [[Manoj Sood]] (brother)&lt;br/&gt;[[Ashwin Sood]] (cousin)<br /> | signature = <br /> | website = {{URL|https://veenasood.com|}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Veena Sood''' is a [[Canadian]] actress.&lt;ref name= poddtoppen&gt;{{cite web | url=https://poddtoppen.se/podcast/1457938433/the-yvr-screen-scene-podcast/episode-eighteen-veena-sood| title=Episode Eighteen: Veena Sood | publisher=poddtoppen | access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Sood was born in [[Kenya]]. Her father was a doctor and her mother, a nurse.&lt;ref name= yvrscreenscene&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.yvrscreenscene.com/home/2018/5/31/improvising-life-with-veena-sood| title=Improvising life with Veena Sood | date=31 May 2018 | publisher=yvrscreenscene | access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Her brother [[Manoj Sood]] is also an actor, while their cousin, [[Ashwin Sood]] (previously married to popular singer [[Sarah McLachlan]]), is a musician.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sarah-mclachlan-splits-from-indian-husband-1189547|title=Sarah McLachlan splits from Indian husband|publisher=DNA India|date=2008-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her nephew Kama Sood is a filmmaker based in Vancouver, BC.&lt;ref name= behindthevoiceactors&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Veena-Sood/| title=VEENA SOOD: Birth Place: Nairobi, Kenya | publisher=Behind The Voice Actors | access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She married J. Johnson on 30 August 2008.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> After receiving her Bachelor of Fine Arts in Drama theater degree, Veena helped co-found Calgary's 'Loose Moose Theatre Company' with Improv master Keith Johnstone, and later with the Vancouver TheatreSports League.&lt;ref name= yvrscreenscene /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1991, she won the [[Jessie Richardson Theatre Award|Jessie Award]] for Outstanding Performance for her role in the Green Thumb Theatre play ''2 B Wut U R''. In 2006, she received the [[Leo Awards|Leo Award]] for Best Guest Performance by a Female in a Dramatic Series&lt;ref name=&quot;Lyon 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Lyon |first1=Christine |title=Leo Awards gala rolls out the red carpet |url=https://www.nsnews.com/local-arts/leo-awards-gala-rolls-out-the-red-carpet-3033659 |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=North Shore News |date=June 3, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; which she won for the role 'Preety' in the Godiva's episode ''Flipping Switches''.&lt;ref name= behindthevoiceactors /&gt;<br /> <br /> She has appeared in numerous films &amp; television series including ''[[The X-Files]]'', ''[[Battlestar Galactica]]'', ''[[Caprica]]'', ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'', ''Peacemaker'', ''[[Smallville]]'', ''[[Lucifer]]'', ''[[A Million Little Things]]'', ''[[Ghost Wars]]'', ''[[The Indian Detective]]'', ''[[Corner Gas Animated]]'' and several television movies. In 2003, she co-starred in the film ''A Touch of Pink''.&lt;ref name=&quot;yvrscreenscene&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> She has received nomination/wins honors from the [[Canadian Screen Awards]], [[ACTRA|Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists]] including the [[Lorena Gale]] Woman Of Distinction Award in November 2017 and the Sam Payne Award for contributions to humanity and artistic integrity in 2014. In 2019 she was honored by the Fund for the Arts on the North Shore (FANS) with the Distinguished Artist Award for international recognition in drama.&lt;ref name= poddtoppen /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ===Feature films===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Roles !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 1983 || ''Do Kinare'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1986 || ''[[Loyalties (1986 film)|Loyalties]]'' || Sima || <br /> |-<br /> | 1988 || data-sort-value=&quot;Accused, The&quot; | ''[[The Accused (1988 film)|The Accused]]'' || Woman Orderly || <br /> |-<br /> | 1989 || ''[[Immediate Family (film)|Immediate Family]]'' || Admitting Nurse || <br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || ''[[Intersection (1994 film)|Intersection]]'' || Intern || <br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || data-sort-value=&quot;NeverEnding Story III, The&quot; | ''[[The NeverEnding Story III]]'' || Sales Lady || <br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || ''[[Timecop]]'' || Nurse || <br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || data-sort-value=&quot;Surgeon, The&quot; | ''The Surgeon'' || Doctor in Dialysis || <br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || ''[[Wrongfully Accused]]'' || Nurse || <br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || ''[[Better Than Chocolate]]'' || Religious Zealot || <br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''[[Life or Something Like It]]'' || Doctor || <br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || ''[[Final Destination 2]]'' || ER Nurse || <br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || ''[[Touch of Pink]]'' || Dolly || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Wilmington |first1=Michael |title='Pink' haunted by Cary Grant and shallow style |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-08-13-0408130304-story.html |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=August 13, 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || ''[[Connie and Carla]]'' || Mrs. Morse || <br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || ''[[Two for the Money (2005 film)|Two for the Money]]'' || G.A. Hostess || <br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || data-sort-value=&quot;Butterfly Effect 2, The&quot; | ''[[The Butterfly Effect 2]]'' || Nurse || <br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || ''[[Nina's Heavenly Delights]]'' || Suman Shah || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nina's Heavenly Delights |url=https://www.timeout.com/movies/ninas-heavenly-delights |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=TimeOut |date=September 29, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Catsoulis |first1=Jeannette |title=Food and Fun |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/30/movies/30nina.html |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=November 30, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Helen (2009 film)|Helen]]'' || Defense Attorney || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Possession (2009 film)|Possession]]'' || Dr. Katz || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Endgame (2009 film)|Endgame]]'' || Barbara Stillwell || <br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || ''[[50/50 (2011 film)|50/50]]'' || Nurse Stewart || <br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || data-sort-value=&quot;Big Year, The&quot; | ''[[The Big Year]]'' || Nurse Katie || <br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''Grace: The Possession'' || Doctor || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''[[Numb (2015 film)|Numb]]'' || Dr. Reese || <br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[Downsizing (film)|Downsizing]]'' || Leisureland Housewife || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || data-sort-value=&quot;Package, The&quot; | ''[[The Package (2018 film)|The Package]]'' || Mrs. Abelar || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''[[Welcome to Marwen]]'' || Judge Martha J. Harter || <br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || ''[[Corner Office (film)|Corner Office]]'' || Psychiatrist || <br /> |-<br /> | 2023 || ''[[Wedding Season]]'' || Suneeta || <br /> |-<br /> | 2024 || ''[[With Love and a Major Organ]]'' || Mona || <br /> |-<br /> | TBD || ''Statutory Violence 2'' || Mommy Durango || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television movies===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Roles !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 1987 || ''[[Barbie and the Rockers: Out of This World]]'' || Additional Voices || <br /> |-<br /> | 1990 || ''[[Memories of Murder (1990 film)|Memories of Murder]]'' || Dr. Kahn || <br /> |-<br /> | 1992 || ''Sexual Advances'' || Rosalie || <br /> |-<br /> | 1992 || ''[[Still Not Quite Human]]'' || Autograph Woman || <br /> |-<br /> | 1993 || ''Relentless: Mind of a Killer'' || New York Reporter || <br /> |-<br /> | 1993 || ''Other Women's Children'' || Mrs. Jindal || <br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || ''Heart of a Child'' || Nurse Adjani || <br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || ''[[Seasons of the Heart (1994 film)|Seasons of the Heart]]'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1996 || ''Have You Seen My Son'' || Sally || <br /> |-<br /> | 1996 || ''Justice on Wheels: The Diana Kilmury Story'' || Office Worker || <br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || ''Their Second Chance'' || Talk Show Host || <br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || ''Medusa's Child'' || Siri Markham || <br /> |-<br /> | 2000 || ''[[List of Showtime original programming|Ratz]]'' || Donna Kornbalm || <br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || ''Love and Treason'' || Dr. Siddig || <br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || ''[[Class Warfare (film)|Class Warfare]]'' || Maria || <br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || data-sort-value=&quot;Heart Department, The&quot; | ''The Heart Department'' || Anesthesiologist || <br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''Jinnah - On Crime: Pizza 911'' || Poonam || <br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''[[Living with the Dead (film)|Living with the Dead]]'' || Mrs. Morse, School Teacher || <br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''[[Damaged Care]]'' || Maternity Nurse || <br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''[[Mr. St. Nick]]'' || Mrs. Sarathi || <br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || ''Jinnah: On Crime - White Knight, Black Widow'' || Poonum || <br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || data-sort-value=&quot;Tale of Two Wives, A&quot; | ''A Tale of Two Wives'' || Mrs. Rich || <br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || ''[[D.C. Sniper: 23 Days of Fear]]'' || Sylvia Mack || <br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || ''Chasing Freedom'' || Adeena || <br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || ''[[Murder Unveiled]]'' || Magistrate || <br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || data-sort-value=&quot;Time Tunnel, The&quot; | ''[[The Time Tunnel]]'' || Medical Tech || <br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || ''Secrets of an Undercover Wife'' || Bracken || <br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || ''Nightmare'' || Admitting Nurse || <br /> |-<br /> | 2008 || ''[[Barbie &amp; the Diamond Castle]]'' || Sparkles / Lily (voice) || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Compulsion (2009 film)|Compulsion]]'' || Shriya, Anjika's mother || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || data-sort-value=&quot;B Team, The&quot; | ''The B Team'' || Janet Brown || <br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''Finding Mrs. Claus'' || Principal || <br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || data-sort-value=&quot;Fairly Odd Summer, A&quot; | ''[[A Fairly Odd Summer]]'' || Anti-Fairy Councilman (voice) || <br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''Honor Student'' || Dr. Morani || <br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''Buried Secrets'' || Det. Joan Mueller || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || data-sort-value=&quot;Gift of Miracles, A&quot; | ''A Gift of Miracles'' || Dr. Reed || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''[[If There Be Thorns (film)|If There Be Thorns]]'' || Dr. Phillips || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''Sugar Babies'' || Professor Paula Hickman || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''Just in Time for Christmas'' || Josie || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''Love at First Dance'' || Sophia || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''Reunited at Christmas'' || Victoria || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''Christmas Lost and Found'' || Devi || <br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || ''[[My Little Pony: Rainbow Roadtrip]]'' || Mrs. Hoofington (voice) || <br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''Sleeping with Danger'' || Detective Brooks || <br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || ''V.C. Andrews' Ruby'' || Dr. Cheryl || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Roles !! Episodes !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 1986 || data-sort-value=&quot;Little Vampire, The&quot; | ''[[The Little Vampire (TV series)|The Little Vampire]]'' || || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1989 || ''[[Booker (TV series)|Booker]]'' || Donna || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1989 || ''[[21 Jump Street]]'' || Nurse &lt;br&gt; Mrs. Brown &lt;br&gt; Dr. Frick || &quot;Loc'd Out: Part 1&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Out of Control&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Unfinished Business&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1991-1992 || ''[[The Next Line]]''|| Herself || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1992 || ''[[Northwood (TV series)|Northwood]]'' || || &quot;Episode #2.9&quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Night Moves&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1992–1995 || data-sort-value=&quot;Commish, The&quot; | ''[[The Commish]]'' || Delivery Room Nurse &lt;br&gt; Lab Technician &lt;br&gt; Lab Technician || &quot;A Time to Be Born&quot; &lt;br&gt;&quot;Father Image: Part 1&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Father Image: Part 2&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || ''[[Madison (TV series)|Madison]]'' || Ms. Bowen || &quot;Learning Curves&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1995 || ''[[University Hospital (TV series)|University Hospital]]'' || Dr. Sherwood || &quot;You Can Run&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1995 || data-sort-value=&quot;Outer Limits, The&quot; | ''[[The Outer Limits (1995 TV series)|The Outer Limits]]'' || Dr. Katzman || &quot;The New Breed&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1995 || ''[[Highlander: The Series|Highlander]]'' || Shandra Devane || &quot;The Wrath of Kali&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Leader of the Pack&quot;|| <br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || ''[[Two (TV series)|Two]]'' || Jennie || &quot;The Reckoning&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || ''Super Dave's All Stars'' || Dancing Lady || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || data-sort-value=&quot;Wonderful World of Disney, The&quot; | ''[[Walt Disney anthology television series|The Wonderful World of Disney]]'' || Reviewer || &quot;Principal Takes a Holiday&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || ''[[Mercy Point]]'' || Sharon Tennant || &quot;New Arrivals&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || ''[[Welcome to Paradox]]'' || Faith || &quot;Options&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || ''[[Cold Feet (series 2)|Cold Feet]]'' || Saleswoman || &quot;Pilot&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1999–2000 || ''[[Hope Island (TV series)|Hope Island]]'' || Callie Pender || Series regular; 22 episodes || <br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || ''[[Dark Angel (American TV series)|Dark Angel]]'' || Female Doctor || &quot;...And Jesus Brought a Casserole&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || ''[[Mysterious Ways (TV series)|Mysterious Ways]]'' || Nurse || &quot;Episode 29&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2000–2001 || ''You, Me and the Kids'' || Mrs. Singh || &quot;Mixed Dating&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Suicide&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Suicide Prevention&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1999–2002 || ''[[Cold Squad]]'' || Mrs. Hadawi &lt;br&gt; Anita || &quot;First Deadly Sin&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Ambleton&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''[[Breaking News (American TV series)|Breaking News]]'' || Claire Lippman || &quot;Hi, Noonan&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || ''[[Just Cause (TV series)|Just Cause]]'' || Attorney Veena Tuttle || &quot;Dream House&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || data-sort-value=&quot;L Word, The&quot; | ''[[The L Word]]'' || Reporter || &quot;Locked Up&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || ''[[Touching Evil (American TV series)|Touching Evil]]'' || OSC Agent Sattrah || &quot;Memorial&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;K&quot;|| <br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || data-sort-value=&quot;Eleventh Hour, The&quot; | ''[[The Eleventh Hour (Canadian TV series)|The Eleventh Hour]]'' || Mrs. Nair || &quot;A Virgin Walks Into a Bar&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2000–2005 || ''[[Da Vinci's Inquest]]'' || Madam Justice Mishra &lt;br&gt; Councilor Joyce Simkins &lt;br&gt; Interim Mayor Joyce Simkins|| &quot;Bring Back the Dead&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Ride a Crippled Horse&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Must Be a Night for Fires&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || ''[[Smallville season 4|Smallville]]'' || Schoolteacher || &quot;Spirit&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Forever&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || ''[[Killer Instinct (TV series)|Killer Instinct]]'' || Elizabeth Michaels || &quot;Die Like an Egyptian&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2003–2006 || ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' || Dr. Kelly || &quot;Full Circle&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Stronghold&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || ''[[Godiva's]]'' || Preety || Supportive role; 6 episodes|| <br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || ''[[Whistler (TV series)|Whistler]]'' || Patricia || &quot;Fallen&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Out of the Shadows&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || ''[[Falcon Beach]]'' || Mrs. Haddad || &quot;After the Fall&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;The Spins&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || ''[[Masters of Science Fiction]]'' || Dr. Kashani || &quot;The Awakening&quot;|| <br /> |-<br /> | 2008 || ''[[Kyle XY]]'' || C.I.R. Tech || &quot;To C.I.R., with Love&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2008 || ''[[Robson Arms]]'' || Charlotte || &quot;No Sex in the City&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Baby? What Baby?&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2008–2009 || ''[[Battlestar Galactica (season 4)|Battlestar Galactica]]'' || Quorum Delegate || &quot;[[Sine Qua Non (Battlestar Galactica)|Sine Qua Non]]&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;[[A Disquiet Follows My Soul]]&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;[[The Oath (Battlestar Galactica)|The Oath]]&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;[[Blood on the Scales]]&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Caprica]]'' || Secretary of Defense Joan Leyte || &quot;Pilot&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || data-sort-value=&quot;Assistants, The&quot; | ''[[The Assistants]]'' || Mrs. Nidalu || &quot;The Morning After&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Fringe (TV series)|Fringe]]'' || HR Head || &quot;Earthling&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[V (2009 TV series)|V]]'' || V Physician || &quot;It's Only the Beginning&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2010 || ''[[Life Unexpected]]'' || Ms. Jennings || &quot;Honeymoon Interrupted&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Homecoming Crashed&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2010 || ''Always a Bridesmaid'' || Blaga || &quot;Knocked Up&quot; &lt;br&gt;&quot;My Gay Husband&quot;&lt;br&gt; &quot;So Hippie Together&quot; &lt;br&gt;&quot;Two to Tango&quot;|| <br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || ''[[Little Mosque on the Prairie]]'' || Mrs. Rashid || &quot;Five Year Plan&quot;&lt;br&gt; &quot;Lord of the Ring&quot; &lt;br&gt;&quot;Amaar's Well That Ends Well&quot;|| <br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || ''[[Endgame (TV series)|Endgame]]'' || Barbara Stillwell || Series regular; 13 episodes || <br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || ''Om Inc.'' || Suzanne || &quot;Meet the Staff&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Inappropriate Touching&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''[[Saving Hope]]'' || Deepha || &quot;Consenting Adults&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''Dr. Bob's House'' || Jean Patel || || <br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''[[Emily Owens, M.D.]]'' || Mrs. Garang || &quot;Emily and... the Predator&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''Yoga Town'' || Neela || Series regular; 11 episodes || <br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''[[Baby Sellers]]'' || Noureen || || <br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''[[Bates Motel (TV series)|Bates Motel]]'' || Dr. Elizabeth J. Schaefer || &quot;Shadow of a Doubt&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''[[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]]'' || Ms. Harshwhinny || &quot;Games Ponies Play&quot; &lt;br&gt;&quot;Flight to the Finish&quot;&lt;br&gt; &quot;Equestria Games&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''[[Signed, Sealed, Delivered (TV series)|Signed, Sealed, Delivered]]'' || Mrs. Hinkle || &quot;The Future Me&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''[[Lucky 7 (TV series)|Lucky 7]]'' || Nasrin Lashari || &quot;Cable Guy&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Gold Star, Inc.&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''[[iZombie (TV series)|iZombie]]'' || Marcy's Mother || &quot;The Exterminator&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''[[Mistresses (American TV series)|Mistresses]]'' || Phyllis || &quot;Gone Girl&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;I'll Be Watching You&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || data-sort-value=&quot;Whispers, The&quot; | ''[[The Whispers (TV series)|The Whispers]]'' || Margaret Cohen-Rogers || &quot;Homesick&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2009–2016 || ''[[Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]'' || Dr. Aldrich &lt;br&gt; Principal Ramirez || &quot;[[Supernatural (season 5)|The Curious Case of Dean Winchester]]&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Don't You Forget About Me&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 1993–2016 || data-sort-value=&quot;X-Files, The&quot; | ''[[The X-Files]]'' || Ms. Saunders &lt;br&gt; Dr. Louise Colquitt || &quot;[[Shadows (The X-Files)|Shadows]]&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;[[Home Again (The X-Files)|Home Again]]&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Motive (TV series)|Motive]]'' || Principal Shirley Davidson || &quot;The Dead Hand&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Chesapeake Shores]]'' || Judge Ruth Rogers || &quot;We're Gaining a Daughter&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[No Tomorrow (TV series)|No Tomorrow]]'' || Amita || &quot;No Debts Remain Unpaid&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Lucifer (TV series)|Lucifer]]'' || Eleanor Bloom || &quot;Homewrecker&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[Frequency (TV series)|Frequency]]'' || Therapist || &quot;The Edison Effect&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[You Me Her]]'' || Fertility Counselor || &quot;Weird Janis and the White Trash Baby Vessel&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''Android Employed'' || Mrs. Cornell || &quot;Community&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2017–2018 || ''[[Ghost Wars (TV series)|Ghost Wars]]'' || Nadine Mercer || &quot;The Curse of Copperhead Road&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Whistle Past the Graveyard&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Two Graves&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;...My Soul to Keep&quot;|| <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''[[Life Sentence (TV series)|Life Sentence]]'' || Alex Shugren || &quot;The Way We Work&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''[[Take Two (TV series)|Take Two]]'' || Judge Payne || &quot;Smoking Gun&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''[[Salvation (TV series)|Salvation]]'' || Dr. Kandhari || &quot;Crimes and Punishment&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Abre Sus Ojos&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;The Manchurian Candidate&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Prisoners&quot;|| <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''[[16 Hudson]]'' || Shamila || &quot;Toothbrush #3&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;You Snooze You Lose&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Earth To Amala&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Pet Test'|| <br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || ''[[Riverdale (2017 TV series)|Riverdale]]'' || Headmistress Patricia || &quot;Chapter Forty-Seven: Bizarrodale&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || data-sort-value=&quot;Murders, The&quot; | ''[[The Murders]]'' || Prisha Sharma || &quot;Queen of Hearts' || <br /> |-<br /> | 2019 || ''[[Charmed (2018 TV series)|Charmed]]'' || Amita Chandra || &quot;Past Is Present&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''[[Nancy Drew (2019 TV series)|Nancy Drew]]'' || Dr. Sandoe &lt;br&gt;Emma Sandoe || &quot;The Girl in the Locket&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;The Clue in the Captain's Painting&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || data-sort-value=&quot;Twilight Zone, The&quot; | ''[[The Twilight Zone (2019 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' || Jill || &quot;The Who of You&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''[[Away (TV series)|Away]]'' || IRSO Head Meera Patel || &quot;Negative Return&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Excellent Chariots&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Vital Signs&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Spektr&quot; &lt;br&gt; &quot;Home&quot; ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || data-sort-value=&quot;Million Little Things, A&quot; | ''[[A Million Little Things]]'' || Nurse Shayna || &quot;Hit &amp; Run&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018–2020 || ''[[Corner Gas Animated]]'' || Rheena || Supportive role; 14 episodes || <br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''[[Loudermilk (TV series)|Loudermilk]]'' || Female Judge || &quot;Hit Me Baby One More Time&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || ''[[Home Before Dark (TV series)|Home Before Dark]]'' || Dr. Singh || &quot;Fighting His Ghost&quot; || <br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || ''[[Molly of Denali]]'' || Dr. Amara Batra || &quot;Going Toe to Toe with a Dinosaur&quot; ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''[[Children Ruin Everything]]'' || Nisha || Series Regular role; 36 episodes || <br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''Deepa &amp; Anoop'' || Naani-Ji (voice) || Main Character ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || ''Super Team Canada'' || RCM-PC, German Chancellor, Clerk, Various voices (voice) || Main Character || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellmedia.ca/the-lede/press/super-team-canada-assemble-craves-first-adult-animated-series-premieres-may-16/|title=Super Team Canada, Assemble! Crave's First Adult Animated Series Premieres May 16|date=March 17, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Veena Sood (visual voices guide)|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Veena-Sood/}} A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Short films===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Roles !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''Jane Post'' || Meditation Voice || <br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || data-sort-value=&quot;Bicycle Lesson, A&quot; | ''A Bicycle Lesson'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''Meet Cute'' || Mona ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''Reel Women Seen'' || Nurse || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || data-sort-value=&quot;Ride Home, The&quot; | ''The Ride Home'' || Carla || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''Little Oliver'' || Dr. Mehta || <br /> |-<br /> | TBD || ''Carried Away''|| Aliza || <br /> |-<br /> | TBD || ''Send the Rain'' || Dawn || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Video games===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Roles !! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''[[Invisible, Inc.]]'' || Olivia Gladstone (voice) || <br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[Thimbleweed Park]]'' || Natalie (voice) || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Mini TV serials===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Roles !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || ''[[Aftershock: Earthquake in New York]]'' || City Official || <br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || ''[[First to Die]]'' || Dr. Veena Yandro ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || ''[[Human Cargo]]'' || Sangita Desai || <br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || data-sort-value=&quot;Indian Detective, The&quot; | ''[[The Indian Detective]]'' || Malika || <br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || ''[[Darrow &amp; Darrow]]'' || D.A. Ruth Ashland || <br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || data-sort-value=&quot;Stand, The&quot; | ''[[The Stand (2020 miniseries)|The Stand]]'' || Dr. Biswas || &quot;The End&quot; <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|nm0814552}}<br /> * [https://www.nsnews.com/bright-lights/fans-pays-tribute-to-the-arts-with-awards-ceremony-1.24015637 FANS pays Tribute to the Arts with awards ceremony]<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sood, Veena}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Nairobi]]<br /> [[Category:Kenyan emigrants to Canada]]<br /> [[Category:Canadian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Canadian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Canadian voice actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Canadian people of Punjabi descent]]<br /> [[Category:Canadian actresses of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:Canadian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Canadian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Canadian Screen Award winning actors]]<br /> [[Category:Kenyan people of Punjabi descent]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Sikh_Diaspora_in_Vancouver&diff=540694 2026-03-04T20:18:38Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started new post w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2004 book by Kamala Elizabeth Nayar}}<br /> {{italic title}}<br /> '''''The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations Amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism''''' is a 2004 book by Kamala Elizabeth Nayar published by the [[University of Toronto Press]]. The book discusses three generations of the [[Sikh diaspora]], a subset of the [[Indo-Canadian]]s, in [[Greater Vancouver]].&lt;ref name=Jakobshcircap119&gt;Jakobsh, circa p. 119. &quot;While acknowledging Sikhs' shared features within the broader category of South Asians in Canada, Nayar steers clear of the weaknesses inherent in generalizations about the wider Indo-Canadian community by focusing on the issues specific to the Sikh community in Canada,[...]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Basranp151&gt;Basran, p. 151. &quot;The authors implicitly recognize how discussions around the broad labels of Indo-Canadian, South Asian, or East Indian tend to gloss over the cultural, historical, and structural specificities affecting these Sikhs.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> Nayar is a sociologist,&lt;ref name=Dusenberyp211&gt;Dusenbery, p. 211.&lt;/ref&gt; and was an employee of [[Kwantlen University College]].&lt;ref&gt;''[[Reference and Research Book News]]'', p. 1/2.&lt;/ref&gt; As part of her research she conducted about 100 interviews, some in Punjabi and some in English, using a semi-structured format.&lt;ref name=Toddp372&gt;Todd, p. 372.&lt;/ref&gt; Nayar interviewed 80 Sikhs living in Vancouver, including first, second, and third generation individuals.&lt;ref name=Dusenberyp211/&gt; Most of the interview subjects originated from families who arrived in Canada in the late 1960s and early 1970s.&lt;ref name=Elsbergp1830&gt;Elsberg, p. 1830. &quot;Nayar tells us that she began her project with an interest in “the process of adaptation and integration” as experienced by this sizable and visible minority, but that her interviews soon led her to focus on relations between the three generations she was interviewing, as she discovered that each seemed to occupy a different cognitive world.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Nayar also interviewed six persons who are considered to be [[public figure]]s and twelve professionals.&lt;ref name=Dusenberyp211/&gt; In addition she analyzed religious texts and other documents.&lt;ref name=Toddp372/&gt; Nayar originally intended to chronicle assimilation, but as she conducted the interviews she decided to shift focus to generational differences.&lt;ref name=Elsbergp1830/&gt;<br /> <br /> The author states that members of the public, Sikhs, and social scientists were the intended audiences, with the first group including counselors, educators, policymakers, and social workers. Verne A. Dusenbery of [[Hamline University]] wrote that in regards to the Sikhs, the only group that would &quot;fully appreciate&quot; the book's thesis would be the third generation and that this was based on the book's own arguments.&lt;ref name=Dusenberyp212&gt;Dusenbery, p. 212.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Her source on literacy and orality is a work by Walter J. Ong,&lt;ref name=Elsbergp1830/&gt; ''[[Orality and Literacy|Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the World]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Nayar, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NShXfaNbRyEC&amp;pg=PA240 240].&lt;/ref&gt; Her sources on modernity are a work by Talcott Parsons and Edward A. Shils,&lt;ref name=Elsbergp1830/&gt; ''[[Toward a General Theory of Action]]'',&lt;ref name=Nayarp237&gt;Nayar, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NShXfaNbRyEC&amp;pg=PA237 237].&lt;/ref&gt; and a work by [[Alex Inkeles]],&lt;ref name=Elsbergp1830/&gt; ''[[One World Emerging?|One World Emerging? Convergence and Divergence in Industrial Societies]]''.&lt;ref name=Nayarp237/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Content==<br /> {{expand section|date=January 2015}}<br /> The first chapter discusses the initial immigration, while the second chapter discusses differences in the methods of communication used by the different generations.&lt;ref name=Jakobshcircap119/&gt; There is also a chapter specifically about the history of Sikhism.&lt;ref&gt;Basran, p. 150.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The book emphasizes the present and often repeats key points; Patricia E. Roy of the [[University of Victoria]] stated that these traits are a &quot;sometimes textbook-like style&quot;.&lt;ref name=Royp173&gt;Roy, p. 173.&lt;/ref&gt; Dusenbery wrote that the &quot;words of advice and admonitions&quot; throughout the book were intended for the wider public.&lt;ref name=Dusenberyp212/&gt;<br /> <br /> Nayar argues that that &quot;interaction between tradition and modernity&quot; is the root of intergenerational conflict in the Vancouver Sikh community.&lt;ref name=Dusenberyp211/&gt; The book has a perspective opposed to Canada's multiculturalism policy. Several second generation persons interviewed by Nayar argued that the multiculturalism policy encourages racism.&lt;ref name=Basranp150151&gt;Basran, p. 150-151.&lt;/ref&gt; The third generation interviewees are critical of aspects of Canadian Sikh culture,&lt;ref name=Elsbergp1830/&gt; and they argued that the multicultural policy isolates them into a &quot;Punjabi Bubble&quot;.&lt;ref name=Royp173/&gt; Nayar herself argued that the policy prevents the Sikhs from becoming a part of mainstream Canadian society.&lt;ref name=Basranp150151/&gt; Dusenbery described Nayar as &quot;a sympathetic advocate for the &quot;modern&quot; and &quot;integrative aspirations&quot; of the third generation Punjabi Sikhs.&lt;ref name=Dusenberyp212/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> {{expand section|date=January 2015}}<br /> Mandeep Kaur Basran, a professor of the Department of Sociology of the [[University of Saskatchewan]], wrote that the book has &quot;refreshing arguments&quot; and that it complements ''[[The Sikhs in Canada|The Sikhs in Canada: Migration: Race, Class, and Gender]]'' by Gurcharn S. Basran and B. Singh Bolaria.&lt;ref&gt;Basran, p. 151.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dusenbery argued that Nayar's analysis may incorrectly make recent Punjabi Sikh immigrants &quot;stand-ins for all immigrants from &quot;traditional,&quot; &quot;agricultural,&quot; or &quot;preliterate&quot; societies, who presumably experience the same problems of &quot;adaptation to modernity.&quot;&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Dusenbery, p. 211-212.&lt;/ref&gt; Despite that reservation, Dusenbery wrote that persons in Punjabi and Sikh studies should find the book &quot;worth reading&quot;.&lt;ref name=Dusenberyp212/&gt;<br /> <br /> Connie Ellsberg of [[Northern Virginia Community College]] concluded that the book &quot;provides an interesting view of three generations’<br /> experience of the North American environment&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Ellsberg, p. 1831.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Doris R. Jakobsh of ''[[Canadian Literature (journal)|Canadian Literature]]'' wrote that the book tries to inappropriately place members of the three generations of Sikhs &quot;into the &quot;blueprint&quot; offered&quot; without accounting for individuals who differ from the &quot;blueprint,&quot; and she stated that &quot;Nayar's framework delineating communication patterns of the three generations of Canadian Sikhs tends to be rather too rigidly established, to the point of prototyping&quot;.&lt;ref name=Jakobshp120&gt;Jakobsh, circa p. 120.&lt;/ref&gt; She also stated ''The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver'' did not give &quot;due consideration&quot; to &quot;the centrality of Sikh women's role and status in Canadian society&quot;.&lt;ref name=Jakobshp120/&gt; Despite the criticisms, Jakobsh concluded it &quot;is without doubt an important and highly sophisticated contribution in its unique approach to the study of Sikhs in Canada&quot; that &quot;articulates and chronicles important and, in many cases, heretofore unheard voices from within the Sikh community.&quot;&lt;ref name=Jakobshp120/&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!--Patricia Roy--&gt;Roy stated that the book is &quot;a good, clear introduction to the Sikhs&quot; and a &quot;provocative commentary on multiculturalism&quot; that &quot;can profitably be read by historians today.&quot;&lt;ref name=Royp173/&gt;<br /> <br /> Roy Todd of the [[University of Leeds]] concluded that the book was &quot;a richly detailed interpretation of a community here but the theoretical framing and the analysis of the evidence leads to questions about alternative interpretations.&quot;&lt;ref name=Toddp373&gt;Todd, p. 373.&lt;/ref&gt; Todd stated that the author did not make her research role clear,&lt;ref name=Toddp373/&gt; used methodologies that had some faults,&lt;ref name=&quot;Todd, p. 372-373&quot;&gt;Todd, p. 372-373.&lt;/ref&gt; and had an &quot;uncritical dependence upon the dichotomy between tradition and modernity&quot;.&lt;ref name=Toddp372/&gt; In regards to the methodologies Todd stated that Nayar did not give enough details about the interview questions,&lt;ref name=Toddp372/&gt; and that she did not give a &quot;precise quantitative analysis&quot; of answers and instead only used &quot;crude tallies&quot; to present results of the interviews.&lt;ref name=&quot;Todd, p. 372-373&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Sikhism in Greater Vancouver]]<br /> * [[Indo-Canadians in Greater Vancouver]]<br /> * ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]''<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * Basran, Mandeep Kaur (Department of Sociology, [[University of Saskatchewan]]). &quot;The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism.&quot;(The Sikhs in Canada: Migration, Race, Class, and Gender)(Book Review) ''[[Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal]]'', Spring, 2005, Vol.37(1), p.&amp;nbsp;150(2). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150110001206/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/book-reviews/18678594/sikh-diaspora-vancouver-three-generations-amid-tradition-modernity-multiculturalism-sikhs-canada-migration-race-class-gender Available at] [[EBSCOHost]].<br /> * Dusenbery, Verne A. ([[Hamline University]]). &quot;The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism&quot; (book review). ''[[The Journal of Asian Studies]]'', 2006, Vol.65(1), pp.&amp;nbsp;211–212.<br /> * Elsberg, Connie ([[Northern Virginia Community College]]). &quot;The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism&quot; (Book-Review). ''[[American Journal of Sociology]]'', Vol.110(6), p.&amp;nbsp;1830-1831 [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br /> * Jakobsh, Doris R. &quot;Chronicling Unheard Voices.&quot; (The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations Amid Tradition, Modernity and Multiculturalism)(Book review) ''[[Canadian Literature (journal)|Canadian Literature]]'', Autumn, 2006, Issue 190, p.&amp;nbsp;119(2).<br /> * Roy, Patricia E. ([[University of Victoria]]) &quot;[https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=/journals/canadian_historical_review/v086/86.1roy.html The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism]&quot; (review). ''[[The Canadian Historical Review]]'', 2005, Vol.86(1), pp.&amp;nbsp;172–173. Available at [[Project MUSE]].<br /> * Todd, Roy ([[University of Leeds]]). &quot;[https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2004714531/the-sikh-diaspora-in-vancouver-three-generations The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110003538/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2004714531/the-sikh-diaspora-in-vancouver-three-generations |date=2015-01-10 }}&quot; (book review). ''[[British Journal of Canadian Studies]]''. Vol. 18, No. 2, September 2005. p.&amp;nbsp;372-373.<br /> * &quot;The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver; Three Generations Amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism.&quot; (book review). ''[[Reference and Research Book News]]''. Vol. 19 Nbr. 3, August 2004, p.&amp;nbsp;54(1). [http://vlex.com/vid/sikh-diaspora-modernity-multiculturalism-62018895 Id. vLex: VLEX-62018895].<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * Momryk, Myron ([[Library and Archives Canada]]). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150110001201/https://networks.h-net.org/node/3449/reviews/27241/momryk-nayar-sikh-diaspora-vancouver-three-generations-amid-tradition Momryk on Nayar, 'The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism']&quot; ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150110001201/https://networks.h-net.org/node/3449/reviews/27241/momryk-nayar-sikh-diaspora-vancouver-three-generations-amid-tradition Archive]&quot; ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150110001201/https://networks.h-net.org/node/3449/reviews/27241/momryk-nayar-sikh-diaspora-vancouver-three-generations-amid-tradition Archive]). [[H-Canada]], [[H-Net]]. April, 2005.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/9781442682368 The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver]'' - Available at [[JSTOR]]<br /> * ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NShXfaNbRyEC The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver]'' - Available at [[Google Books]] (limited preview)<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver, The}}<br /> [[Category:History books about Vancouver]]<br /> [[Category:2004 non-fiction books]]<br /> [[Category:Books about Asian Canadians]]<br /> [[Category:Books about Sikhism]]<br /> [[Category:Asian-Canadian culture in Vancouver]]<br /> [[Category:Indo-Canadian culture]]<br /> [[Category:Non-fiction books about immigration to Canada]]<br /> [[Category:Sikhism in British Columbia]]<br /> [[Category:Works about Vancouver]]<br /> [[Category:Books about British Columbia]]<br /> [[Category:University of Toronto Press books]]<br /> [[Category:Books about religion in Canada]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umma_(1960_film)&diff=542555 2026-03-04T09:06:26Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started some info w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Umma<br /> | image = <br /> | director = [[Kunchacko]]<br /> | producer = Kunchacko<br /> | writer = '''Screenplay:'''&lt;br/&gt;Vimal&lt;br/&gt;'''Dialogues:'''&lt;br/&gt;[[P. K. Sarangapani]]&lt;br/&gt;'''Novel:'''&lt;br/&gt; [[Moidu Padiyath]]<br /> | based_on = <br /> | starring = [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]&lt;br/&gt;[[K. P. Ummer]]&lt;br/&gt;[[B. S. Saroja]]<br /> | music = [[M. S. Baburaj]]&lt;br/&gt;'''Lyrics''':&lt;br/&gt;[[P. Bhaskaran]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = S. Williams<br /> | studio = [[Udaya Studio|Udaya]]<br /> | distributor = Excel Productions<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1960|3|29}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross =<br /> }}<br /> '''''Umma''''' ({{langx|en|Mother}}) is a 1960 [[Malayalam]] social drama film directed and produced by [[Kunchacko]]. It was the first directorial venture of Kunchacko. Its screenplay is written by Vimal while the dialogues are by [[P. K. Sarangapani]], who was on his debut. The film is based on the novel of the same name by [[Moidu Padiyath]]. It was the first Muslim social film in Malayalam. The story of the film revolves around marital evils that prevailed in the Muslim community, particularly in the [[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|Malabar region]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TLH&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Abdul Salam |first1=Najla Kaikulangara |title=Muslim Women in Malayalam Cinema; Within and Beyond Stereotypes |journal=The Literary Herald |date=April 2019 |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=20–31 |url=https://tlhjournal.com/uploads/products/4.najla-kaikulangara-article.pdf |issn=2454-3365}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Umma 1960&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/03/07/stories/2009030750681100.htm|title=Umma 1960|author=B. Vijayakumar|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 March 2009|accessdate=11 March 2011|archive-date=29 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629052406/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/03/07/stories/2009030750681100.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=78|title=Umma|accessdate=2014-10-09|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3145|title=Umma|accessdate=2014-10-09|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/umma-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014232939/http://spicyonion.com/title/umma-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 October 2014|title=Umma|accessdate=2014-10-09|publisher=spicyonion.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was a box office success and gained critical praise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Umma 1960&quot;/&gt; The famous song &quot;Kadalivaazhakayyilirunnu&quot; is from this film.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> [[Polygamy]] is the theme of the film. An illiterate rich landlord Aboobacker Haji married three times and divorced all the three wives. His next aim is to get married again which according to traditions will be his last marriage. He marries Ibrahim Kakka's daughter Ayisha. Ayisha gives birth to a daughter and a maid servant named Khadeeja is appointed to take care of the child.<br /> <br /> Haji eventually develops a desire to marry Khadeeja. Though this was against custom, nobody was dare to question him. Haji divorces Ayisha, who seeks refuge in Ibrahim Kakka's house. She sends her daughter Zainaba to school ignoring protests from the community. Zainaba falls in love with her classmate Hameed. When Haji learns of this affair, he tries to take his daughter with him, which is opposed by Ayisha and Ibrahim Kakka. They decide to conduct the marriage of Zainaba with Hameed. The marriage did not take place as Haji interrupted. Haji takes Zainaba to his house where she faces tortures from her stepmother Khadeeja.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Ibrahim Kakka dies. Haji arranges Zainaba's marriage with a rich jewellery shop owner. Haji's mother Pathumma comes to the help of her granddaughter. She pleads with the Haji to change his decision. At this moment in time Haji learns of Khadeeja's cruel tricks. His heart melts and he withdraws from his decision. In the end, Zainaba marries Hameed.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] as Abobacker Haji<br /> * [[B. S. Saroja]] as Ayisha<br /> * Rajakumari as Zainaba<br /> * [[K. P. Ummer]] as Hameed<br /> * K. Sadanandan as Ibrahim Kakka<br /> * [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as Khadeeja<br /> * [[S. P. Pillai]] as Vattathil Kurup, the crooked manager of Haji<br /> * L. Ponnamma as Pathumma, Haji's mother<br /> * [[Bahadoor|Bahadur]]<br /> * S. J. Dev<br /> * Rajamma<br /> * Nirmala Devi<br /> * Changanasseri Thankam<br /> * T. V. Mathew<br /> * Krishnakumari<br /> * Pushpam<br /> * Alex<br /> * P. B. Pillai<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> <br /> {{ Track listing<br /> <br /> | extra_column = Artist(s)<br /> <br /> | all_lyrics = [[P. Bhaskaran]]<br /> | all_music = [[M. S. Baburaj]]<br /> <br /> | title1 = Appam Thinnaan Thappukottu<br /> | extra1 = [[Jikki]]<br /> <br /> | title2 = En Kanninte Kadaviladuthaal<br /> | extra2 = [[P. Leela]], [[A. M. Rajah]]<br /> <br /> | title3 = Kadalivaazhakayyilirunnu<br /> | extra3 = Jikki<br /> <br /> | title4 = Kadha Parayaamen Kadha<br /> | extra4 = P. Leela<br /> <br /> | title5 = Kanneerenthinu Vaanambaadi<br /> | extra5 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[Choir]]<br /> <br /> | title6 = Konchunna Painkili<br /> | extra6 = P. Leela, Choir<br /> <br /> | title7 = Kuyile Kuyile<br /> | extra7 = P. Leela, [[M. S. Baburaj]], A. M. Rajah<br /> <br /> | title8 = Nithyasahaaya Naadhe<br /> | extra8 = Jikki, Choir<br /> <br /> | title9 = Paalaanu Thenaanen<br /> | extra9 = A. M. Rajah<br /> <br /> | title10 = Pettammayaakum<br /> | extra10 = P. Leela<br /> <br /> | title11 = Poru Nee Ponmayile<br /> | extra11 = P. Leela, A. M. Rajah<br /> <br /> | title12 = Raariro Raarariro<br /> | extra12 = Jikki<br /> <br /> | title13 = Thallaanum Kollaanum<br /> | extra13 = P. B. Sreenivas<br /> <br /> | title14 = Velikku Kaanumbam<br /> | extra14 = [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]]<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=156149|title=Umma}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1960 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1960 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:1960 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Kunchacko]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kannur]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Wayanad]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kozhikode]]<br /> [[Category:1960 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about landlords]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language drama films]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minmini_(2024_film)&diff=517741 2026-03-04T00:02:11Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Tamil language drama film}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Minmini (2024 film).jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Halitha Shameem]]<br /> | writer = Halitha Shameem<br /> | producer = [[Manoj Paramahamsa]]&lt;br /&gt;R. Murali Krishnan<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * C. Gaurav Kaalai<br /> * Praveen Kishore<br /> * [[Esther Anil]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Manoj Paramahamsa<br /> | editing = Raymond Derrick Crasta<br /> | music = [[Khatija Rahman]]<br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = Tentkotta&lt;br /&gt;Simbaaaa Productions<br /> | released = {{film date|2024|8|9|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Minmini''''' ({{translation|Firefly}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Coming-of-age story|coming-of-age]] [[drama film]] written and directed by [[Halitha Shameem]]. The film stars C. Gaurav Kaalai, Praveen Kishore, and [[Esther Anil]] in the lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 July 2024 |title='Minmini' trailer: Halitha Shameem's coming-of-age drama focuses on metamorphosis of mind |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/minmini-trailer-halitha-shameems-coming-of-age-drama-focuses-on-metamorphosis-of-mind/article68440892.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731193036/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/minmini-trailer-halitha-shameems-coming-of-age-drama-focuses-on-metamorphosis-of-mind/article68440892.ece |archive-date=31 July 2024 |access-date=31 July 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was released on 9 August 2024 in theatres.&lt;ref name=&quot;release&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> In 2016, at Streaks Matriculation School, in [[Ooty]], Pari Mukilan &quot;Pari&quot;, a charismatic student and accomplished football player, shared his high school classroom with newcomer Sabari Karthikeyan &quot;Sabari&quot;, a studious and talented artist and chess enthusiast. While Pari dreamed of exploring the [[Himalayas]] on his bike, Sabari aspired to showcase his art in prestigious museums like the [[Louvre]] and [[Acropolis Museum|Acropolis]]. Initially, Pari mocked and bullied Sabari, but they eventually developed a deeper understanding of each other.<br /> <br /> During a school trip to a nearby tribal village, their bus met with an accident. Sabari, still recovering from illness and struggling with [[asthma]], was trapped. Pari courageously rescued him but succumbed to his injuries, leaving him [[Brain death|brain-dead]]. The school mourned Pari's tragic loss. Overcoming this with remorse, Sabari regretted not expressing gratitude for Pari's lifesaving act. Pari's donated organs, including his heart, gave new life to five individuals, one among them is Praveenah. Inspired by Pari's selflessness and as an act of gratitude, Praveenah voluntarily transfers to his school, where she observes Sabari's fixation on Pari's belongings and interests. Recognizing Sabari's attempt to honor Pari's memory, Praveenah watched as he abandoned chess for [[Show jumping|showjumping]], a passion Pari had. Following a disappointing loss in the showjumping competition, Sabari's disappearance left Praveenah worried.<br /> <br /> Seven years later, Sabari is spotted riding solo through the Himalayas. Praveenah, working on the &quot;Bring Back the Beasts and Butterflies&quot; initiative, joins him as a co-rider, concealing her identity. Unaware of their shared past, Sabari is distant, eventually leaving her without notice. Praveenah narrowly escapes a molestation attempt during an overnight stay and flees with the help of a truck driver. Meanwhile, Sabari encounters the biking group and, upon learning of Praveenah's ordeal, confronts and beats the perpetrator before embarking on a search for her. Upon finding Praveenah among tribal women, Sabari offers to accompany her until she leaves for [[Sikkim]]. As they travel, Praveenah attempts to rekindle Sabari's passions and encourage him to live his own life, free from remorse over Pari's death. During their journey, they meet Sid, who shares his grief and affirms that nature alone can heal such wounds.<br /> <br /> At the Key Temple, Praveenah witnesses Sabari's emotional breakdown, and later, at an art café, encourages him to paint. Sabari reveals he always feels Pari's presence and creates a poignant portrait of a young boy they met in Ladakh. After a camel ride, Sindhu whisks Sabari away to spot a snow leopard, leaving Praveenah alone overnight. The next morning, Praveenah notices a subtle transformation in Sabari; he has become more sociable. As they ride past [[Khardung La]], Sabari unexpectedly encounters his former P.T. master, Thilak, now serving in the defense forces. Thilak recognizes Praveenah, sparking Sabari's curiosity. He begins to piece together Praveenah's enigmatic behavior and cryptic comments, which eerily echo his past experiences.<br /> <br /> Sabari confronts Praveenah, demanding to know her true identity. Praveenah reveals a profound connection: she is the recipient of the deceased Pari's heart, transplanted to her after the surgery.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * Gaurav Kaalai. C as Pari Mukilan<br /> * Praveen Kishore as Sabari Karthikeyan<br /> * [[Esther Anil]] as Praveenah<br /> * Aishwaryaa Ravi as Praveenah's mother<br /> * Abhishek Krishnan as Praveenah's father<br /> * Malini Jeevarathnam as Malini<br /> * [[Shah Ra]] as a warden<br /> * Muthamizh Kalai Vizhi as a teacher<br /> * [[Raichal Rabecca]] as a teacher<br /> * Thilak Rammohan as a P.T. Master<br /> * [[Santhosh Prathap]] as Sid (Cameo appearance)<br /> * [[Nivedhithaa Sathish]] as Sindhu (Cameo appearance)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film began production in 2015. The makers decided to wait for the child actors to grow up and play their parts as young adults and resumed the shoot in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2024 |title=Director Halitha Shameem at Minmini audio launch: 'Khatija Rahman is a pure soul, and it reflected in her music' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/director-halitha-shameem-at-minmini-audio-launch-khatija-rahman-is-a-pure-soul-and-it-reflected-in-her-music-9472982/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731075147/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/director-halitha-shameem-at-minmini-audio-launch-khatija-rahman-is-a-pure-soul-and-it-reflected-in-her-music-9472982/ |archive-date=31 July 2024 |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Khatija Rahman]] made her debut in this film as a music composer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 July 2024 |title=Halitha Shameem's 'Minmini' trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/halitha-shameems-minmini-trailer/articleshow/111978519.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903063028/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/halitha-shameems-minmini-trailer/articleshow/111978519.cms |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=31 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> The film's music was composed by Khatija Rahman.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2024 |title=Full album of Halitha Shameem's Minmini out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/full-album-of-halitha-shameems-minmini-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731193034/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/full-album-of-halitha-shameems-minmini-out |archive-date=31 July 2024 |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Minmini |url=https://gaana.com/album/minmini |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801074505/https://gaana.com/album/minmini |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=1 August 2024 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | all_lyrics = [[Halitha Shameem]].<br /> | title1 = Iru Perum Nadhigal<br /> | length1 = 3:17<br /> | extra1 = [[Shakthisree Gopalan]]<br /> | title2 = Minmini Nee<br /> | length2 = 3:33<br /> | extra2 = Sarthak Kalyani &lt;br /&gt; Sireesha Bhagavatula<br /> | title3 = Uyirai<br /> | length3 = 2:18<br /> | extra3 = Suryansh<br /> | title4 = Jananam<br /> | length4 = 3:05<br /> | extra4 = [[Khatija Rahman]] &lt;br /&gt; Sireesha Bhagavatula<br /> | total_length = 12:13<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> <br /> === Theatrical ===<br /> The film was released on 9 August 2024 in theatres.&lt;ref name=&quot;release&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2024 |title=Halitha Shameem's Minmini gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/halitha-shameems-minmini-gets-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903063034/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/24/halitha-shameems-minmini-gets-release-date |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Home media ===<br /> ''Minmini'' began streaming on [[ZEE5]] from 30 May 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-31 |title=Halitha Shameem's Minmini premieres on OTT |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2025/May/31/halitha-shameems-minmini-premieres-on-ott |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Roopa Radhakrishnan of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3.5/5 and stated that &quot;Esther Anil, Pravin Kishore and Gaurav Kalai make us care for their characters. The former two actors' fun banter is amplified by the natural chemistry that they share with each other.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Roopa |date=6 August 2024 |title=Minmini Movie Review : A soothing and understated film with characters to root for |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/minmini/movie-review/112318044.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806235008/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/minmini/movie-review/112318044.cms |archive-date=6 August 2024 |access-date=6 August 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prashanth Vallavan of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote &quot;Minimini is still a refreshing departure from the onslaught of hyper-violent films in recent times.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vallavan |first=Prashanth |date=2024-08-10 |title='Minmini' movie review: Excessive melodrama meets didactic storytelling |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Aug/10/minmini-movie-review-excessive-melodrama-meets-didactic-storytelling |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Latha Srinivasan of the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote &quot;Minmini paints a very pretty picture but doesn’t hit the right spot as some of her other films did.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=2024-08-09 |title=Minmini movie review: Halitha Shameem's story about survivor’s guilt is over-ambitious |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/minmini-movie-review-halitha-shameems-story-about-survivor-s-guilt-is-overambitious-101723210236477.html |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote &quot;'Minmini' is director Halitha Shameem's weakest script yet. However, it is saved by the performances and technical finesse.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-09 |title='Minmini' Review: Halitha Shameem's film lacks depth |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/minmini-movie-review-halitha-shameem-film-lacks-depth-esther-anil-khatija-rahman-2579142-2024-08-09 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> [[Category:2024 films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s coming-of-age drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s drama road movies]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s road movies]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about asthma]]<br /> [[Category:Films about camping]]<br /> [[Category:Films about organ transplantation]]<br /> [[Category:Films about road accidents and incidents]]<br /> [[Category:Films about students]]<br /> [[Category:Films about travel]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Ladakh]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in mountains]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in schools]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Sikkim]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the Himalayas]]<br /> [[Category:Indian coming-of-age drama films]]<br /> {{Improve categories|date=August 2024}}<br /> [[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama road movies]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanasugara&diff=458877 2026-03-03T21:43:15Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: expand section further and added references as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2001 film by Karan}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Kanasugara.jpg<br /> | caption = DVD cover<br /> | director = Karan<br /> | screenplay = Karan<br /> | story = [[Vikraman]]<br /> | based_on = ''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]'' (Tamil)<br /> | producer = Sa. Ra. Govindu<br /> | writer = M. S. Ramesh<br /> ({{small|Dialogues}})<br /> | starring = [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Shashikumar]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Hema Choudhary]] &lt;br /&gt;Mandya Ramesh<br /> | music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]<br /> | cinematography = G. S. V. Seetharam<br /> | editing = Shyam Yadav<br /> | studio = Thanu Chitra<br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|2001|8|3}}<br /> | runtime = 147 minutes<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | country = India<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kanasugara''''' ({{translation|Dreamer}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama]] film directed by Karan. Film stars [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] and [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] in lead roles and [[Shashikumar]] in guest appearance. ''Kanasugara'' is a remake of 1998 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]].'' Music is composed by [[Rajesh Ramanath]].<br /> <br /> Film was released on 3 August 2001; the film received a good response at the box office. Actress [[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]] won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress at South Filmfare Awards]] for this film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 April 2002 |title=Nuvvu Nenu wins 4 Filmfare awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103060002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms |archive-date=3 November 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 October 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Ravi ([[Ravichandran_(Kannada_actor)|V. Ravichandran]]) and his friend Balu ([[Mandya Ramesh]]) are petty thieves who live their lives by stealing stuff from people. One day, they are assigned a job to steal a Ganesh Idol from the temple, for Don Delli ([[Tennis Krishna]]), who had just moved into a new house, citing prosperity as a reason. The friends succeed in stealing the idol, but are spotted by the people, who then start chasing them. They hide in a house and encounter Sangeeta([[Prema_(Kannada_actress)|Prema]]). Sangeeta is a maid in the house and is looking after the owners' three children while the adults are away on a pilgrimage tour. Sangeeta and the kids lock the two of them in a room and order them to do stuff for three days. Sangeeta, while spending time alone in the house with the guys, realizes that they are not bad after all and develops a soft spot for Ravi, and he, in return, falls for her. The guys are released after three days, the day the owners are to return.<br /> <br /> Balu steals Sangeeta's handbag, which contains her diary. Ravi reads the diary and finds out that Sangeeta is the illegitimate daughter of Lawyer Vishwanath ([[Srinath_(Kannada_actor)|Srinath]]). After her mother's ([[Ambika_(actress)|Ambika]]) death, Sangeeta meets her father, who accepts her as his daughter but has to bring her into the house as a maid. Vishwanath's second wife, Vijaya ([[Hema_Chaudhary|Hema Chaudary]]) and her sister, Vasanthi ([[Shanoor_Sana|Shanoor Sana]]) take an instant dislike for Sangeeta. They treat her with utter disgust and blame her for the tiniest of things. Vishwanath plans to arrange the marriage between Ajay ([[Shashi Kumar]]), his brother-in-law, and Sangeeta. But Ajay says that he doesn’t know if Sangeeta has the qualities to become his wife and said that he would have to think about it and asks for three months. Sangeeta waits for his reply. Ravi, after reading her diary, feels pity for her and tries to change his ways by working responsibly after Sangeeta's advice. He also hides his feelings for her.<br /> <br /> After returning from the trip, Vijaya finds out that her diamond necklace is missing. When looking for it, she finds a cigarette bud in one of the drawers. She and her Vasanthi scold Sangeeta and chase her out. Ravi, who comes to return her bag, finds out and helps her to accommodate in a hostel. He does many petty jobs to pay the hostel fees and help Sangeeta. One day, Ravi finds out about Sangeeta's singing talent and tries to help her move on with it. He encounters music director [[V. Manohar]] late one night and helps him repair his car. In return, he asks the director to help Sangeeta out. Sangeeta, after singing a few songs, becomes successful in her singing career and becomes rich. She stays in her bungalow with Ravi and Balu.<br /> <br /> During an interview, Sangeeta refrains from saying her father's name. Upset, Vishwanath reveals that he is the father. His wife, looking at Sangeeta's money, accepts Sangeeta as her daughter as well. They come to stay at her house. Vishwanath's wife does not like Ravi and Balu staying with them. They plan the wedding of Ajay and Sangeeta, as Ajay had accepted to marry Sangeeta, long time back. When Sangeeta had gone out of town with Ajay, to receive an award, Vishwanath's wife and sister-in-law staged a drama that Ravi stole Sangeeta's money and chased him and Balu out. Sangeeta comes back and is shocked. She finds Ravi's diary in his room and understands his love for her.<br /> <br /> During an award ceremony, Sangeeta reveals that the reason for her success is not her family, but Ravi and she had fallen in love with him. She also tells her desire to marry him. Ravi who had arrived there to drop a passenger, sees it and is called upon the stage when Sangeeta sees him in a TV. In a short flashback, it is shown that Sangeeta had informed Ajay and Vishwanath about her love for Ravi and how Ajay had accepted it. The film ends with Ravi and Sangeeta leaving the place hand in hand.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]] as Ravi<br /> * [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] as Sangeeta<br /> * [[Shashikumar]] as Ajay (Guest Appearance)<br /> * [[Anu Prabhakar]] (Guest Appearance)<br /> * [[Hema Chaudhary]] as Vijaya <br /> * [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] as Lawyer Vishwanath <br /> * [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] as Sangeeta's mother<br /> * [[Mandya Ramesh]] as Balu<br /> * [[Doddanna]]<br /> * [[Tennis Krishna]] as Don Delli<br /> * [[Shanoor Sana]] as Vasanthi<br /> * [[Honnavalli Krishna]] as Swamiji<br /> * [[Mimicry Dayanand]]<br /> * [[M. S. Umesh]]<br /> * [[V. Manohar]] as himself (Guest Appearance) <br /> * Sulochana Rai<br /> * Guru Murthy<br /> * Mysore Ramanand<br /> * Sneha Eshwar as Sneha (Guest Appearance)<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> All the songs are composed and scored by [[Rajesh Ramanath]]. Almost all the songs are recomposed with the same tunes as in the original Tamil film composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]] except the song &quot;Om Namaha&quot; which was reused from &quot;Kaathoramai Kadhai&quot; from ''Kannupadapoguthaiya'' also composed by Rajkumar.<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Song title !! Singer(s) || Lyrics<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Chitte Banthu Chitte&quot; || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || [[K. Kalyan]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kamana Bille&quot; || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]] || K. Kalyan<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Suryana Gelethanake&quot; || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra || K. Kalyan<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Ello Adu Ello&quot; || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || K. Kalyan<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Ello Adu Ello&quot; || K. S. Chithra || K. Kalyan<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Koti Pallavi Haaduva&quot; || K. S. Chithra || K. Kalyan<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Om Namaha&quot; || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Manjula Gururaj]] || K. Kalyan<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ''Sify'' wrote &quot;Ravichandran sleepwalks through the movie while it is Prema who steals the thunder. She has done a good job inspite (sic) of looking extremely beautiful. Mandya Ramesh also is good in the comedy track. But however it is the music in the film (which is a clean lift from the original sound track) which is the highlight&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kanasugara |url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=6020189&amp;ctid=5&amp;cid=2427 |url-status=dead |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111204035/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=6020189&amp;ctid=5&amp;cid=2427 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Indiainfo'' wrote &quot;This Tamil remake of Unadethil Ennai Kuduthene starring Karthik and Roja has its dramatic moments but it's not worth raving about&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/kana.html|title=Kanasugara|website=Indiainfo|access-date=28 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020401232118/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/kana.html|archive-date=1 April 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes|kanasugara}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2001 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2001 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2001 films]]<br /> [[Category:2001 romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Ramanath]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilayum_Mullum&diff=475901 2026-03-03T21:27:29Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: brief refine lead as per guidelines and corrected details for clarity</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name =Ilayum Mullum (Leaves and Thorns)<br /> | image = <br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[K. P. Sasi]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay =<br /> | starring =[[Thilakan]], [[Pallavi Joshi]], [[Shanthi Krishna]], [[Shammi Thilakan]] <br /> | music = <br /> | cinematography = R.V. Ramani<br /> | editing =<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|1994}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Ilayum Mullum''''', also known as '''''Leaves and Thorns''''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110107/|title = Ilayum Mullum|publisher = IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a 1994 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[K. P. Sasi]], starring [[Thilakan]] and [[Pallavi Joshi]] in the lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2780|title=Ilayum Mullum|accessdate=2014-11-01|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?3600|title=Ilayum Mullum|accessdate=2014-11-01|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/ilayum-mullum-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101213242/http://spicyonion.com/title/ilayum-mullum-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 November 2014|title = Ilayum Mullum}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Pallavi Joshi]] as Shantha (Voice By Kukku Parameshwaran)<br /> * [[Shanthi Krishna]] as Parvathy (Voice by Aanandavally)<br /> * Kanya as Lakshmi (Voice by Suma Sakriya)<br /> * Sabnam as Sridevi <br /> * [[Thilakan]]<br /> * [[Nedumudi Venu]]<br /> * [[Shammi Thilakan]]<br /> * [[Baiju Santhosh]]<br /> <br /> ==Participation in film festivals==<br /> ''Ilayum Mullum'' has been screened in the following festivals:<br /> <br /> * Venice International Film Festival Critics Week<br /> * Montreal World Film Festival<br /> * Toronto Film Festival<br /> * Sydney Film Festival<br /> * Nantes Festival of Three Continents<br /> * Fribourg International Film Festival<br /> * Cairo International Film Festival<br /> * Izmir International Film Festival (Turkey)<br /> * Cape Town International Film Festival<br /> * Munich International Film Festival<br /> * International Film Festival of India<br /> * Indian Panorama<br /> * International Festival of Rural Films, France<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> ''Ilayum Mullum'' won the Prix du Jury award for Best Film, Prix des Lyceens.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|0110107}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1994 films]]<br /> [[Category:1994 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kollam]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nee_Thodu_Kavali&diff=456313 2026-03-03T18:09:23Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: quick update</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Nee Thodu Kavali<br /> | image = Nee_Thodu_Kavali.jpg<br /> <br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]]<br /> | producer = Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao<br /> | writer = Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao<br /> | narrator =<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Arjan Bajwa|Deepak]]|[[Charmi]]|[[Rimi Sen]]}}<br /> | music = {{ubl|Valisha Baabji|Sandeep}}<br /> | cinematography =<br /> | editing =<br /> | studio = Sampada Creation<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2002|3|28}}<br /> | runtime =<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | budget =<br /> | gross =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Nee Thodu Kavali''''' ({{langx|te|నీ తోడు కావాలి}}) ({{Translation|I need your company}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]] romantic drama written, directed and produced by [[Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]] under Sampada Creation. [[Arjan Bajwa|Deepak]], [[Charmi]] (in her film debut) and [[Rimi Sen]] played the lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/coming/neethodukavali.html|title=Movie Preview - Nee Thodu Kavali|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film, which was a box office failure,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news237.html|title=Charmi paired up with Srikanth|website=www.idlebrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; is inspired by ''[[Return to Me]]'' (2000).&lt;ref name=&quot;I&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-neethodukavali.html|title= Movie review - Nee Thodu Kavali| work= [[idlebrain.com]]|accessdate= 17 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Arjan Bajwa|Deepak]] as Vaasu<br /> * [[Charmi]] as Manasa<br /> * [[Rimi Sen]] as Sindhu<br /> * Anuradha Pradhan<br /> * [[Ramaprabha]]<br /> * Jahnavi<br /> * [[Vizag Prasad]]<br /> * Radhaiah<br /> * Deep Singh<br /> * [[Gautham Raju]]<br /> * [[Chitram Srinu]]<br /> * [[Vinay Varma]]<br /> * Baby Hasna<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> This is Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao's only film that was not remade from an Indian film but was a remake of a Hollywood film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news227.html|title=Bheemineni is back to his remake track|website=www.idlebrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; While in Mumbai, [[Charmi]] was spotted and she subsequently made her film debut at the age of 13.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/interview-charmy.html|title=Telugu Cinema interview - Charmy - heroine, movie actress Charmi|website=www.idlebrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film crew wanted to shoot songs in New Zealand, but her visa was rejected due to her age.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/charmme-pratighatana.html|title=Charmme interview about Pratighatana - Telugu cinema actress|website=www.idlebrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Rimi Sen]] made her Telugu debut through this film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news254.html|title=Rimmi Sen with Chiranjeevi|website=idlebrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The songs are composed by Valisha Baabji and Sandeep.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-neethodukavali.html|title=Nee Thodu Kavali - Jukebox|work=[[idlebrain.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020306070052/https://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-neethodukavali.html|archive-date=6 March 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> ! No<br /> ! Song title<br /> ! Singers<br /> ! Duration<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || &quot;Baalamani&quot; || [[Udit Narayan]], [[Swarnalatha]] ||4:38<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || &quot;Geetham Sangeetham&quot; || [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Singer Usha|Usha]] ||5:10<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || &quot;Jaanebido&quot; || [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] ||4:40<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || &quot;Andala Kona&quot; || Valisha Babji ||4:44<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || &quot;Neethodu Kavali ( Male )&quot; || Valisha Babji ||1:50<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || &quot;Kalalo Kaane&quot; || Valisha Babji, [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] ||5:25<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || &quot;Paathikella&quot; || Ravi Varma, Lenina Chowdary ||5:22<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || &quot;Swasallo Swasalle&quot; || Valisha Babji ||6:00<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || &quot;Neethodu Kavali (Female )&quot; || [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]] ||1:47<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> A critic from ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that &quot;This film is a badly made one. Only few scenes of the film are interesting. Rest of the film is quite boring&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;I&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|1330584}}<br /> <br /> {{Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2002 films]]<br /> [[Category:2002 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2002 romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2002 Indian films]]<br /> {{2000s-Telugu-film-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hello_(2017_film)&diff=452038 2026-03-03T17:45:23Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: General cleanup and content improvements</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2017 film by Vikram Kumar}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Hello<br /> | image = Hello Telugu film poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Vikram Kumar]]<br /> | producer = [[Akkineni Nagarjuna]]<br /> | writer = Vikram Kumar<br /> | starring = [[Akhil Akkineni]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kalyani Priyadarshan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jagapati Babu]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ramya Krishna]]<br /> | music = [[Anup Rubens]]<br /> | cinematography = [[P. S. Vinod]]<br /> | editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]<br /> | studio = [[Annapurna Studios]]&lt;br&gt;Manam Enterprises<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|12|22|}}<br /> | runtime = 122 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = {{INR|300 million|link=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ibtgross&quot; /&gt;<br /> | gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|340 million|link=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ibtgross&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=2017-12-29|title=Hello 1st week box office collection: Vikram's film crosses Rs 30 crore mark, beats Akhil lifetime record|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/hello-1st-week-box-office-collection-vikrams-film-crosses-rs-30-crore-mark-beats-akhil-lifetime-754886|access-date=2021-04-07|website=[[IB Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Hello!''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[action film]] directed by [[Vikram Kumar]] and produced by [[Akkineni Nagarjuna]] under [[Annapurna Studios]]. The film stars [[Akhil Akkineni]], [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]], [[Jagapati Babu]] and [[Ramya Krishnan]]. This film marks Kalyani Priyadarshan's film debut. The music is composed by [[Anup Rubens]]. ''Hello'' was released on 22 December 2017.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Seenu is a young [[orphan]] who plays an [[Ektara]] and earns money. He meets Junnu at a [[Panipuri|Pani Puri]] stall. Seenu is captivated by Junnu's quirky nature. Junnu is touched when Seenu creates an original tune upon her request, and they become friends. They meet every day and play around the Indravati Park near Ramakrishna Signal. While going to school every day, she gives him a [[Indian rupee|₹100 note]] without revealing her identity. Seenu gifts her a set of [[Bangle|bangles]]. However, their friendship is abruptly disrupted when Junnu's father is transferred to [[Delhi]]. Before parting ways, Junnu writes her phone number on a ₹100 note and gives it to Seenu, but a thief named Pandu steals the note. Seenu chases after the thief but gets hit by a car driven by Sarojini. Sarojini and her husband Prakash [[Adoption|adopt]] Seenu after he survives the accident, thus fulfilling Sarojini's promise to do something good for him. Noticing their sadness, their respective parents ask them, and they reveal about each other. In the Park being [[Demolition|demolished]], Junnu's father and Prakash are unable to locate Seenu and Junnu's address, respectively. Seenu continues to jog around the area daily in the hope of meeting Junnu again. Junnu makes a single bangle out of the set of bangles. <br /> <br /> 14 years later, Seenu is now known as Avinash, and Junnu goes by the name of Priya. They lead affluent lives but feel a sense of emptiness without each other. After a chance call from an Uber driver, Avinash discovers Priya's whereabouts. However, Pandu, this time, steals Avinash's phone, hindering his efforts to contact Junnu. Determined to reconcile with her, Avinash embarks on a mission to retrieve his stolen phone.<br /> <br /> '''Past''': Priya feels sad in Delhi and longs to meet Seenu when she discovers that her father is being transferred to the [[United States]]. Before leaving for the US, Priya decides to search for Seenu in [[Hyderabad]] while attending her friend Kavita's wedding. While picking up his mother from the airport, Avinash and Priya notice each other but fail to recognize each other. They become friends when Priya generously gives ₹100 to street children. Priya met Sarojini on the flight she came, and Sarojini hopes Priya will be her daughter-in-law. Priya invites him to Kavita's wedding. Sarojini and Prakash mention how Avinash is not going for his jog after Priya's arrival and has forgotten Junnu. Avinash now avoids contacting Priya. At the wedding, Priya runs away after being overwhelmed by memories of Seenu. Avinash follows her and accidentally breaks the bangle that Seenu had gifted her.<br /> <br /> '''Present''': Avinash successfully retrieves his phone from the phone [[mafia]] and learns that Junnu is at Rockfort [[Music festival]]. Avinash encounters Priya at the festival, where they forgive each other and Avinash presents her with a new bangle and leaves. Determined to find Junnu, Avinash goes to a music stall and starts playing the tune he had created during their childhood on a [[violin]]. Upon hearing the tune, Priya frantically searches for him but fails to locate him. Avinash discovers the ₹100 note with Junnu's phone number on it and repeatedly dials the number, but Priya keeps cutting the call as she is also trying to locate the tune player at the festival. Avinash plays the tune one final time and Priya rushes around in search of the musician. Overwhelmed by seeing Priya's desperate expression, Avinash softly utters Junnu, where she responds with a &quot;yes&quot; gesture and they embrace each other passionately.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|* [[Akhil Akkineni]] as Avinash alias Seenu<br /> ** [[Mikhail Gandhi]] as Young Seenu<br /> * [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]] as Priya alias Junnu<br /> ** Myrah Dandekar as Young Junnu<br /> * [[Jagapati Babu]] as Prakash, Avinash's adoptive father<br /> * [[Ramya Krishna]] as Sarojini &quot;Saru&quot;, Avinash's adoptive mother<br /> * [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Rishi<br /> * [[Satya Krishnan]] as Priya's mother<br /> * [[Anish Kuruvilla]] as Priya's father<br /> * [[Vennela Kishore]] as Kavita's fiance<br /> * [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Police Officer<br /> * [[Nivedhithaa Sathish]] as Kavita, Priya's friend<br /> * [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as a taxi driver<br /> * [[Krishnudu]] as a Pani Puri vendor<br /> * Raghu Master as musical instrument vendor (cameo appearance)}}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Hello<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Anup Rubens]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|12|07|}}<br /> | recorded = 2017<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 29:48<br /> | label = [[Aditya Music]]<br /> | producer = [[Anup Rubens]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Paisa Vasool (2017 film)|Paisa Vasool]]<br /> | prev_year = 2017<br /> | next_title = [[Oollo Pelliki Kukkala Hadavidi|Oo Pe Ku Ha]]<br /> | next_year = 2017<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Music of the movie was composed by [[Anup Rubens]]. Music released on [[Aditya Music]]. The audio function was held at [[Visakhapatnam]] on 7 December 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/akhil-akkineni-is-all-set-for-the-hello-audio-launch-in-vizag-on-10th-december/ |title=Hello (Audio Launch) |work=Bollywood Life|date=8 December 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film is Anup Rubens's 50th film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.telugu360.com/young-composer-anup-rubens-completes-50-films-hello/ |title=Hello (Anup completes 50 films) |work=Telugu 360|date=10 December 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | collapsed = <br /> | headline = Telugu Original Track-List<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 29:48<br /> | title1 = Hello<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Vanamali]], [[Shreshta]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Armaan Malik]]<br /> | length1 = 3:33<br /> | title2 = Anaganaga Oka Uru<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]<br /> | extra2 = Sri Dhruthi<br /> | length2 = 5:29<br /> | title3 = Thalachi Thalachi<br /> | lyrics3 = Vanamali<br /> | extra3 = [[Haricharan]]<br /> | length3 = 5:20<br /> | title4 = Yevevo<br /> | lyrics4 = Chandrabose <br /> | extra4 = [[Akhil Akkineni]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]<br /> | length4 = 4:53<br /> | title5 = Anaganaga Oka Uru <br /> | note5 = Female<br /> | lyrics5 = Chandrabose <br /> | extra5 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br /> | length5 = 4:52<br /> | title6 = Merise Merise<br /> | lyrics6 = Vanamali<br /> | extra6 = Haricharan, [[T. Sreenidhi|Srinidhi]]<br /> | length6 = 5:20<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | collapsed = <br /> | headline = Taqdeer (Hindi Dubbed) Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | all_lyrics = Prashanth Ingole<br /> | title1 = Hello<br /> | extra1 = Asa Singh<br /> | length1 = 3:23<br /> | title2 = Barse Barse<br /> | extra2 = Shreyas Puranik, Deepali Sathe<br /> | length2 = 5:10<br /> | title3 = Ik Aisa<br /> | extra3 = Jai Lakshmi<br /> | length3 = 2:37<br /> | title4 = Tarse Tarse<br /> | extra4 = Asa Singh<br /> | length4 = 3:14<br /> | title5 = Kitne The<br /> | extra5 = Asa Singh, Deepali Sathe<br /> | length5 = 4:17<br /> | title6 = Rap song<br /> | extra6 = Jay Mehta<br /> | length6 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | collapsed = <br /> | headline = Hello (Tamil Dubbed) Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | all_lyrics = <br /> | title1 = Hello<br /> | extra1 = <br /> | length1 = 3:23<br /> | title2 = Azha Azhagai Oru Ooril<br /> | extra2 = <br /> | length2 = 2:46<br /> | title3 = Nenachi Nenachi<br /> | extra3 = <br /> | length3 = 5:28<br /> | title4 = Yedhedho<br /> | extra4 = <br /> | length4 = 5:42<br /> | title5 = Yedhedho (Female version)<br /> | extra5 = <br /> | length5 = 1:10<br /> | title6 = Minal Minal<br /> | extra6 = <br /> | length6 = 5:07<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The film was released worldwide on 22 December 2017. It was later dubbed into [[Hindi]] under the title ''Taqdeer'' ({{translation}} Destiny) and premiered on [[Star Gold]] on 23 June 2018. It was dubbed into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] with the same title and premiered in Star Vijay, and in [[Malayalam]] with the same title in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hotstar.com/movies/taqdeer/1000213010 |title=Taqdeer Full Movie, Watch Taqdeer Film on Hotstar |website=Hotstar |language=en|access-date=25 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Additional citation needed|date=February 2022}}<br /> <br /> == Box office ==<br /> The film grossed {{INRConvert|264|m|year=2017|lk=r}} worldwide in four days, with a distributors share of {{INRConvert|143.8|m}}. In [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], the four-day gross was {{INRConvert|157.5|m}}, with a share of {{INRConvert|101|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hello 4 Days Collections Report |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/1970-01-01/Hello-4-Days-Collections-Report/348099 |access-date=8 January 2018 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=26 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Hello'' grossed {{INRConvert|340|m}} in its first week.&lt;ref name=&quot;ibtgross&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legal issues ==<br /> An individual from [[Jharkhand]] claimed that the phone number used in the film as Junnu's number, which was shown throughout the film, belonged to him and that he had been receiving several calls from fans. He alleged that his personal and professional life was impacted because of the calls and had claimed a compensation of {{INRConvert|5|m|lk=r}}. The makers of the film insisted that they attained due permission from the respective telecom company. However, the company denied the claims and said that no such permission was granted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 January 2018|title=Nagarjuna caught in legal tangle over usage of mobile number in 'Hello'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nagarjuna-caught-legal-tangle-over-usage-mobile-number-hello-75351|access-date=19 February 2022|website=[[The News Minute]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Accolades==<br /> <br /> === [[65th Filmfare Awards South]] ===<br /> * Won – [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South]] – Kalyani Priyadarshan<br /> * Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu]] – Anoop Rubens<br /> * Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]] – [[Armaan Malik]] – &quot;Hello&quot;<br /> <br /> === [[7th South Indian International Movie Awards]] ===<br /> * Won – [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut (Telugu)]] – Kalyani Priyadarshan<br /> * Nominated – [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer (Telugu)]] – Armaan Malik – &quot;Hello&quot;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> {{Vikram Kumar}}<br /> {{Nagarjuna (actor)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2017 films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Vikram Kumar]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Anoop Rubens]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s romantic action films]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamizh_Padam_2&diff=462254 2026-03-03T03:12:51Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: adjust page for clarity and improved wording for accuracy</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2018 film directed by C. S. Amudhan}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Tamizh Padam 2.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[C. S. Amudhan]]<br /> | producer = [[S. Sashikanth]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Chakravarthy Ramachandra]]<br /> | writer = K. Chandru<br /> | story = C. S. Amudhan<br /> | based_on = <br /> | starring = [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Iswarya Menon]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sathish]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Disha Pandey]]<br /> | music = [[Kannan (music director)|N.Kannan]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Gopi Amarnath]]<br /> | editing = [[T. S. Suresh]]<br /> | studio = [[YNOT Studios]]<br /> | distributor = [[Trident Arts]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|07|13|ref1=}}<br /> | runtime = 145 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Tamizh Padam 2: Police Athiyayam''''' ({{translation|Tamil Film 2: Police Chapter}}), or simply '''''Tamizh Padam 2''''', is a 2018 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[parody film]] written and directed by [[C. S. Amudhan]] and produced by [[S. Sashikanth]] and [[Chakravarthy Ramachandra|Ramachandra]] of [[YNOT Studios]]. A sequel to the successful ''[[Tamizh Padam]]'' (2010), the film stars [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Iswarya Menon]], [[Sathish]], and [[Disha Pandey]]. The music was composed by [[Kannan (music director)|Kannan]] with cinematography by [[Gopi Amarnath]] and editing by [[T. S. Suresh]]. The film released on 13 July 2018.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Shiva, the universal cop, has left the police department and has returned to his hometown of Cinemapatti. He is brought back in to resolve a crisis. Once the situation is handled, he is asked to join the department by [[Police commissioner|Police Commissioner]] Yezhusaamy, but he refuses and walks away. P, a dreaded don who poses a threat to society, kills Shiva's wife Priya by using a cell phone bomb. Shiva is forced to rejoin the police department. Meanwhile, Shiva is finding a girl to marry on his grandmother's request. His conditions for a girl are that he wants a [[loosu ponnu]] (a bubbly but crazy girl). He sees Ramya and assumes that she is crazy since she went into a mental hospital van. With the help of his friends, he proposes to her,<br /> <br /> Shiva learns that P has fixed a bomb somewhere by the clues which were given by P's henchman Wasim Khan. Shiva finds that P has fixed a bomb in a bus. He discovers that P has fixed the bomb so if the bus is driven less or more than five kilometers per hour, it will explode. However, Shiva saves the people inside the bus. Wasim is killed by Rithika, P's henchwoman. Shiva then discovers that there was someone in the department who is informing P about their ideas. He discovers and kills Inbashekhar, the mole, and is seemingly suspended.<br /> <br /> Shiva realizes that Ramya is not a patient in the hospital but rather a psychiatrist, and breaks up with her. His friends advise him that he needs to reunite with her. He decides to, but Ramya has left for America. Shiva also goes there to find her, and they reunite in [[Central Park]]. Then, it is revealed that Shiva went on a mission in America so that he could catch P, and that he was not suspended. When the mission is in progress, Ramya is kidnapped and killed by P. Back in Chennai, Shiva is very sad about Ramya's death. His grandmother asks him to take her to the cemetery. She took some promises which were to kill P, marry a beautiful girl than Ramya (the girl he loved and which died), and to give her a great-grandchild.<br /> <br /> Shiva sketches a plan to catch P by [[Legal tender#Demonetization|demonetising]] 500 and 1000 rupee notes with the help of the government. He goes to a temple to attend his friend Bharath's marriage. There, he meets Gayathri, a lookalike of Ramya, and gets shocked. He proposes to her in the next two minutes when he sees her. The demonetisation forces P to stand at an [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] queue because he had a lakh crores of 1000 rupee notes. Shiva executes his plan perfectly, but P escapes. Shiva catches him at his Kovalam beach resort. He kills him, but P comes alive and becomes the [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|CM-elect of Tamil Nadu]].<br /> <br /> Bodhi, a saint, calls Shiva and says that P is immortal. The enmity between P and Shiva is for 76 generations. In 300 BC, King Adhiyamaan was ruling Kovai. He appointed Piyaar as the dance teacher of the kingdom, but his dance was demonic. Bharathamuni, another dancer whose dance was divine, wanted to do a [[Competitive dance|dance-off]] with Piyaar. Adhiyamaan also said that the winner will get a [[jackfruit]], which will give immortality to the one who eats it, and also his daughter Khaleesi will marry him, but Piyaar's henchmen kill Bharathamuni and his grandmother. As a result, Piyaar gets the jackfruit and becomes immortal.<br /> <br /> Now, Shiva needs to go to 300 BC to win the dance-off with Piyaar. He gets a [[time travel]] watch from a watch mechanic. He goes to 300 BC, wins the dance-off, Khaleesi, and the jackfruit. He then comes back to 2018, and meets P, who kidnapped Gayathri. He reveals that he ate the jackfruit, and P is no longer immortal. He fights with his henchmen while Gayathri sings. Irritated by her singing, P kills her. Shiva also kills P and is arrested.<br /> <br /> During the credits, Shiva is released from prison after 25 years. Worried that Shiva's romantic relationships with other women would result in their eventual deaths, his grandmother kills him.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] in a dual role as:<br /> ** M. Shiva, the universal cop<br /> ** Barathamuni, a dancer in 300 BC who loses the dance-off to Piyaar<br /> * [[Iswarya Menon]] in a triple role as:<br /> ** Ramya, a psychologist whom Shiva falls in love with<br /> ** Gayathri, Ramya's lookalike<br /> ** Khaleesi, Adhiyamaan's daughter<br /> * [[Disha Pandey]] as Priya, Shiva's wife who is killed by P ([[Cameo appearance]])<br /> * [[Sathish]] in a dual role as:<br /> ** P (Pandiya), a dreaded don<br /> ** Piyaar, the dance teacher of Kovai who wins a dance-off against Barathamuni<br /> * [[Kalairani]] (replacing [[Paravai Muniyamma]] from the first film) in a dual role as:<br /> ** Shiva's grandmother (D)<br /> ** Barathamuni's grandmother<br /> * [[Santhana Bharathi]] (replacing [[M. S. Bhaskar]] from the first film) as Nakul, Shiva's friend<br /> * [[Manobala]] as Siddharth, Shiva's friend<br /> * [[R. Sundarrajan]] (replacing [[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] from the first film) as Bharath, Shiva's friend<br /> * [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Inbasekhar<br /> * [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]] as Police Commissioner B. Yezhusaamy<br /> * [[Ajay Rathnam]] as King Adhiyamaan, the ruler of Kovai in 300 BC who appointed Piyaar as the dance master<br /> * Gerard Pio as Bodhi, a saint, and the watch mechanic (voice for Bodhi character given by C. S. Amudhan)<br /> * [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Wasim Khan, P's henchman who is killed by Ritika<br /> * George Vijay Nelson as Paramu<br /> * [[Jiiva]] in a special appearance<br /> * [[Venkat Prabhu]] in a special appearance<br /> * [[Premgi]] in a special appearance<br /> * [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]] as in a special appearance as an item dancer<br /> * Navya Suji as Boxer Rithika<br /> * [[S. Sashikanth]] in a special appearance in the song &quot;Naan Yaarumilla&quot;<br /> *[[Soundariya Nanjundan]] as P's PA/Hacker (uncredited)<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> Director C. S. Amudhan confirmed that pre-production work was underway for a sequel to ''[[Tamizh Padam]]'' (2010) during July 2017. The film would feature [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] reprising the lead role, while S. Sashikanth of [[YNOT Studios]] would be the main producer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 August 2017 |title=Director CS Amudhan announces Tamil Padam 2 with Mirchi Shiva |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/director-cs-amudhan-announces-tamil-padam-2-0-with-mirchi-shiva-4776679/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216004928/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/director-cs-amudhan-announces-tamil-padam-2-0-with-mirchi-shiva-4776679/ |archive-date=16 February 2018 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shiva confirmed for Tamizh Padam sequel |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/31/shiva-confirmed-for-tamizh-padam-sequel-1635885.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204637/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/31/shiva-confirmed-for-tamizh-padam-sequel-1635885.html |archive-date=30 January 2018 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; After initially attempting to recruit [[Oviya]] to the cast, the makers chose to retain Disha Pandey from the first film, while actress [[Iswarya Menon]] was added to the cast. [[Sathish]], who portrayed a minor role in the first film, was signed to play a larger role in the sequel. Kannan and [[T. S. Suresh]] who were part of first film was retained as composer and editor respectively, while [[Nirav Shah]]'s commitments to [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]'s science-fiction film ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' (2018) meant that cinematography duties were assigned to [[Gopi Amarnath]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2017 |title=Shiva will have two heroines in Thamizh Padam 2 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/091217/shiva-will-have-two-heroines-in-thamizh-padam-20.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130205259/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/091217/shiva-will-have-two-heroines-in-thamizh-padam-20.html |archive-date=30 January 2018 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 August 2017 |title=CS Amudhan getting ready for Thamizh Padam 2 with Shiva&amp;nbsp;– Oviya might be roped in |url=http://scrolltoday.com/cs-amudhan-ready-for-thamizh-padam-2-0-with-shiva-oviya-might-be-roped-in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131023249/http://scrolltoday.com/cs-amudhan-ready-for-thamizh-padam-2-0-with-shiva-oviya-might-be-roped-in |archive-date=31 January 2018 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=ScrollToday}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=4 June 2018 |title=Tamizh Padam 2 Official Teaser |url=http://www.pakka.tv/entertainment/trailers/tamizh-padam-2-official-teaser--shiva--iswarya-menon--cs-amudhan--tp2teaser--y-not-studios9049/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135022/http://www.pakka.tv/entertainment/trailers/tamizh-padam-2-official-teaser--shiva--iswarya-menon--cs-amudhan--tp2teaser--y-not-studios9049/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=2 June 2018 |work=PakkaTv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gerard Pio, the assistant director of the film, also starred in the film in a supporting role.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2018 |title=CS Amudhan's sense of humour is unrivalled: Gerard Pio |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/may/05/cs-amudhans-sense-of-humour-is-unrivalled-gerard-pio-1810292.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707104605/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/may/05/cs-amudhans-sense-of-humour-is-unrivalled-gerard-pio-1810292.html |archive-date=7 July 2018 |access-date=7 May 2020 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film began with a launch event on 8 December 2017 held in Chennai, with the shoot beginning thereafter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamizh Padam 2 begins with an auspicious pooja! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamizh-padam-2-0-begins-with-an-auspicious-pooja-imagegallery-kollywood-rmioSecjbfhjc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208195615/http://www.sify.com/movies/Tamizh-Padam-2-0-begins-with-an-auspicious-pooja-imagegallery-Kollywood-rmioSecjbfhjc.html |archive-date=8 December 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Two promotional posters for the film were released soon after the start of production, parodying the torrent site [[Tamil Rockers]] and former [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu Chief Minister]] [[O. Panneerselvam]]'s dramatic late-night meditation session at [[Marina Beach]] following his resignation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2017 |title=Poster for 'Tamizh Padam 2' out, we're already laughing |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/poster-tamizh-padam-2-out-were-already-laughing-72878 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212145528/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/poster-tamizh-padam-2-out-were-already-laughing-72878 |archive-date=12 December 2017 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=The News Minute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2017 |title=Tamizh Padam 2: Actor Shiva parodies TN deputy CM in new poster |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/tamizh-padam-2-0-actor-shiva-parodies-tn-deputy-cm-in-new-poster-4976445/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204959/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/tamizh-padam-2-0-actor-shiva-parodies-tn-deputy-cm-in-new-poster-4976445/ |archive-date=30 January 2018 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On June 21, 2018, the director announced title change from the originally announced title ''Tamizh Padam 2.0'' to ''Tamizh Padam 2''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-06-21 |title=CS Amudhan’s ‘Tamizh Padam 2.0’ undergoes a title change |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cs-amudhans-tamizh-padam-2-0-undergoes-a-title-change/articleshow/64679736.cms |access-date=2025-03-01 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Tamizh Padam 2<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Kannan (music director)|N. Kannan]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 30 June 2018<br /> | recorded = 2018<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 27:39<br /> | label = [[Think Music]]<br /> | producer = [[Kannan (music director)|N. Kannan]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Thilagar]]<br /> | prev_year = 2015<br /> | next_title = [[Kuthoosi]]<br /> | next_year = 2019<br /> }}<br /> <br /> All songs were composed by N. Kannan, who earlier composed for the director's previous ventures. The soundtrack was released by [[Think Music]].<br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track list&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2018 |title=Thamizh Padam 2 Playlist |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SF8uPHZ7PBo&amp;list=PLnO8uDr9uT6G3ZDwvUcdr7SwGaCqpaznR |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819003631/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SF8uPHZ7PBo&amp;list=PLnO8uDr9uT6G3ZDwvUcdr7SwGaCqpaznR |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=28 June 2018 |publisher=thinkmusicindia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 27:39<br /> | title1 = Naan Yaarumilla<br /> | extra1 = Mark, Kumaresan<br /> | lyrics1 = [[C. S. Amudhan]], Chandru<br /> | length1 = 4:12<br /> | title5 = Vaa Vaa Kaama<br /> | extra5 = [[Ujjayinee Roy]]<br /> | lyrics5 = Thiyaru<br /> | length5 = 4:12<br /> | title3 = Kalavarame<br /> | extra3 = [[Pradeep Kumar (singer)|Pradeep Kumar]], [[Chinmayi Sripaada]]<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Madhan Karky]]<br /> | length3 = 3:40<br /> | title8 = En Nadanam<br /> | extra8 = [[Sharreth]], [[Vijay Prakash]]<br /> | lyrics8 = Thiyaru<br /> | length8 = 4:45<br /> | title4 = Evada Unna Petha<br /> | extra4 = [[Ranina Reddy]]<br /> | lyrics4 = C.S.Amudhan, Chandru<br /> | length4 = 4:12<br /> | title6 = Chella Penne<br /> | extra6 = Jithin, Sowmya<br /> | lyrics6 = C.S. Amudhan, Chandru<br /> | length6 = 2:04<br /> | title9 = Ulagam Athira Vaada<br /> | extra9 = [[M. M. Manasi]]<br /> | lyrics9 = Thiyaru<br /> | length9 = 0:54<br /> | title2 = Phoenix Paravai<br /> | extra2 = [[Srinisha Jayaseelan]]<br /> | lyrics2 = Chandru<br /> | length2 = 1:31<br /> | title7 = Aatharamaanai<br /> | extra7 = K Thilaka<br /> | lyrics7 = Thiyaru<br /> | length7 = 2:09<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> Tamil Nadu theatrical rights of the film were sold for {{INR}}3.5 crore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thamizh Padam 2 TN theatrical rights |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_ThugU3Bn8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404095628/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_ThugU3Bn8 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=29 September 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=88|count=8|average=5.8|ref=yes}}<br /> <br /> ''Sify'' wrote &quot;On the whole, ''Tamizh Padam 2'' is fun unlimited. [..] Sometimes, a good laugh is all you need to make your day.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sify review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Tamizh Padam 2 review: Sometimes, a good laugh is all you need to make your day |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamizh-padam-2-review-sometimes-a-good-laugh-is-all-you-need-to-make-your-day-review-tamil-shmnl3aaiabdc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713173446/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamizh-padam-2-review-sometimes-a-good-laugh-is-all-you-need-to-make-your-day-review-tamil-shmnl3aaiabdc.html |archive-date=13 July 2018 |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Cinema Express'' wrote &quot;While the film's willingness to let nobody off the hook is truly refreshing, the comedy doesn't work nearly as often as it should&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cinema Express review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sudhir Srinivasan |date=12 July 2018 |title=Tamizh Padam 2 Review: A brave, even if not all that effective, comedy |url=http://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2018/jul/12/tamizh-padam-2-review-a-brave-even-if-not-all-that-effective-comedy-6945.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713173652/http://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2018/jul/12/tamizh-padam-2-review-a-brave-even-if-not-all-that-effective-comedy-6945.html |archive-date=13 July 2018 |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Times of India'' wrote &quot;First things first&amp;nbsp;— ''Tamizh Padam 2'' offers what's expected from it. With a slew of spoof scenes taking potshots at umpteen number of Tamil movies, the unique attempt works this time, too.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;TTOI review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Thamizh Padam 2 Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thamizh-padam-2/movie-review/64956541.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718052335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thamizh-padam-2/movie-review/64956541.cms |archive-date=18 July 2018 |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Hindustan Times'' wrote &quot;While the film is a laugh riot, it lacks the freshness ''Tamizh Padam'' had. It works as a sequel because the films and themes they have picked are relatable. However, lack of freshness can reduce this franchise to a formula too.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindustan Times review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Tamizh Padam 2 movie review: This spoof forgives no one |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/tamizh-padam-2-movie-review-this-spoof-forgives-no-one/story-40Z5vwIREZ9aXbv3PWTgXK.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215014659/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/tamizh-padam-2-movie-review-this-spoof-forgives-no-one/story-40Z5vwIREZ9aXbv3PWTgXK.html |archive-date=15 December 2018 |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Indian Express review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Tamizh Padam 2 movie review: CS Amudhan, Mirchi Shiva spare no one |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/tamil-padam-2-movie-review-shiva-5256348/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712075732/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/tamil-padam-2-movie-review-shiva-5256348/ |archive-date=12 July 2018 |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=12 July 2018 |title='Tamizh Padam 2' review: a laugh riot |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tamizh-padam-2-is-a-laughter-riot/article24396512.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712071156/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tamizh-padam-2-is-a-laughter-riot/article24396512.ece |archive-date=12 July 2018 |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The News Minute review&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thirumurthy |first=Priyanka |date=12 July 2018 |title='Tamizh Padam 2' review: This spoof film shows Kollywood the mirror, warts and all |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamizh-padam-2-review-spoof-film-shows-kollywood-mirror-warts-and-all-84634 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213225732/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamizh-padam-2-review-spoof-film-shows-kollywood-mirror-warts-and-all-84634 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Box office ==<br /> The film collected {{INRConvert|4.2|c}} in first day, {{INRConvert|2.8|c}} in second day and {{INRConvert|10|c}} in third day bringing the weekend total to {{INRConvert|17|c}}. The film collected {{INRConvert|1.51|c}} in [[Chennai]] in three days.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-15 |title=Tamizh Padam 2 box office collection: Shiva-Amudhan's film is on fire |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/tamizh-padam-2-box-office-collection-cs-amudhan-shiva-1286344-2018-07-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203159/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/tamizh-padam-2-box-office-collection-cs-amudhan-shiva-1286344-2018-07-15 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=2020-05-16 |website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|7329602}}<br /> <br /> {{YNOT Studios}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2018 films]]<br /> [[Category:2018 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2018 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Indian parody films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s parody films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian sequel films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Malaysia]]<br /> [[Category:2010s films about time travel]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in the 3rd century BC]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 2018]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in ancient India]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in 2043]]<br /> [[Category:Twins in Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films produced by S. Sashikanth]]<br /> [[Category:YNOT Studios films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepshikha_Nagpal&diff=448187 2026-02-27T11:20:17Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: Minor updates and cleanup applied</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian television actress (born 1977)}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Deepshikha Nagpal<br /> | image = Deepshikha Nagpal in 2020 (cropped).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Deepshikha in 2020<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = 20 August 1977<br /> | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | other_names = Deepshikha<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|film director|film writer}}<br /> | spouse = {{ubl<br /> | {{marriage|[[Jeet Upendra]]|1997|2005|end=divorced}}<br /> | {{marriage|Keshav Arora|2012|2016|end=divorced}}<br /> }}<br /> | children = Vedhika Upendra &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Vivaan Upendra&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Mother's Day 2021: 'My feelings took a backseat, and my kids became priority', says single mom Deepshikha Nagpal&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=Mother's Day 2021: 'My feelings took a backseat, and my kids became priority', says single mom Deepshikha Nagpal |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/television/mothers-day-2021-my-feelings-took-a-backseat-and-my-kids-became-priority-says-single-mom-deepshikha-nagpal |access-date=20 July 2022 |date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720192939/https://www.freepressjournal.in/television/mothers-day-2021-my-feelings-took-a-backseat-and-my-kids-became-priority-says-single-mom-deepshikha-nagpal |archive-date=20 July 2022 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> | years_active = 1994–present<br /> }}<br /> '''Deepshikha Nagpal''', also known as '''Deepshikha''', is an Indian actress and [[film director]] who mainly works in [[Hindi]]-language films and Hindi television productions. She has starred in several successful Hindi films including ''[[Koyla]]'', ''[[Baadshah (1999 film)|Baadshah]]'', ''[[Dillagi (1999 film)|Dillagi]]'' and ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]''. She was a contestant on [[Colors TV]]'s reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|Bigg Boss Season 8]]'' in 2014.<br /> <br /> She received acclaim in the Hindi film industry after the release of ''[[Koyla]]''. She also appeared in the Hindi film ''[[Dhoom Dadakka]]'' with [[Satish Kaushik]]. She has also acted in a number of TV soaps. Her debut film as a director, ''[[Yeh Dooriyan]]'', was released in 2011.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Deepshikha Nagpal is ready to change perceptions! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepshikha-Nagpal-is-ready-to-change-perceptions/articleshow/9720177.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000311/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-25/news-interviews/29922546_1_divorces-film-deepshikha-nagpal |url-status=live |archive-date=26 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 September 2011 |date=25 August 2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Deepshikha was born on 20 August 1977 in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Deepshikha Nagpal - Movies, Biography, News, Age &amp;amp; Photos |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/deepshikha-nagpal/in.bookmyshow.com/person/deepshikha-nagpal/11560 |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Deepshika married [[Jeet Upendra]] and has two children, but after ten years they divorced.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=When reel into turns real for Deepshikha Nagpal |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_when-reel-into-turns-real-for-deepshikha-nagpal_1509083 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In January 2012, she married [[Indore]]-based Keshav Arora, who had been her co-actor in her directorial debut ''[[Yeh Dooriyan]]''.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Deepshikha is all set to tie the knot with Keshav Arora |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/jan/070112-informer-5.htm |publisher=[[Mid-Day]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/dont-want-to-talk-about-it-deepshikha-nagpal-on-husband-kaishav-arora-threatening-to-kill-her-and-kids/541770-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426003749/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/dont-want-to-talk-about-it-deepshikha-nagpal-on-husband-kaishav-arora-threatening-to-kill-her-and-kids/541770-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 April 2015 |title=Don't want to talk about it: Deepshikha Nagpal on husband Kaishav Arora threatening to kill her and kids}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-8-contestant-deepshikha-nagpal-restrains-husband-from-entering-home/ |title=TV actress Deepshikha Nagpal restrains husband from entering home |date=24 April 2015}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> She appeared on Season 8 of the Colors reality show ''Big Boss'', and was evicted on the 21st day.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-8-eviction-deepshikha-nagpal-out-2025402 |title=Bigg Boss 8 eviction: Deepshikha Nagpal out! |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=12 October 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ===Films===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Film<br /> !Role<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 |1994<br /> |''[[Gangster (1994 film)|Gangster]]''<br /> |<br /> |Debut Film<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Betaaj Badshah]]'' <br /> |Girl saved by Arjun<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1995<br /> |''Rani Hindustani'' <br /> |Ganga / Mohini<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Dance Party''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1997<br /> |''Police Station''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Koyla]]''<br /> |Bindya<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|1998<br /> |''[[Barsaat Ki Raat]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Manmohini''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |1999<br /> |''Teri Mohabbat Ke Naam''<br /> |Manju<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sirf Tum]]''<br /> |<br /> |Item song &quot;Patli Kamar&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Monisha En Monalisa]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Kahani Kismat Ki'' <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Jaanam Samjha Karo]]''<br /> |Girl in Temple<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Baadshah (1999 film)|Baadshah]]'' <br /> |Rani<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Dillagi (1999 film)|Dillagi]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2000<br /> |''Dard Pardesaan De''<br /> |Kamal / Dolly<br /> |Punjabi Film<br /> |-<br /> |''Hatyari''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Agniputra]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Parshuram''<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=2|Gujrati Film<br /> |-<br /> |''Sajan Haiye Sambhare''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2002<br /> |''[[Rishtey (2002 film)|Rishtey]]''<br /> |The Seductress<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2004<br /> |''Dukaan: Pila House'' <br /> |Shyama (bride)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|2005<br /> |''[[Pyaar Mein Twist]]''<br /> |Parul Arya<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Ago Chumma Deda Rajaji''<br /> |<br /> |Bhojpuri Film<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2006<br /> |''Maut ka Saudagar''<br /> |Lavanya Dinega<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Corporate (2006 film)|Corporate]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mohtyachi Renuka''<br /> |Preeti<br /> |[[Marathi film]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2007<br /> |''[[Red Swastik]]''<br /> |Sarika<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]''<br /> |Pammi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Lara''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Samaya Hathare Dori]]''<br /> |Item Dancer<br /> |Odia Film<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2008<br /> |''[[Dhoom Dadakka]]''<br /> |Rambha J. English<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bhram: An Illusion]]'' <br /> |Sunita Sharma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Mate Ani Dela Lakhye Faguna'' <br /> |Shikha<br /> |Odia film<br /> |-<br /> |''Pranali: The Tradition''<br /> |Chanda<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|2009<br /> |''Tukya Tukwila Nagya Nachwila''<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=2|Marathi film<br /> |-<br /> |''Made In China''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2010<br /> |''[[Wanted (2010 film)|Wanted]]''<br /> |<br /> |Bengali Film<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011<br /> |''[[Yeh Dooriyan]]'' <br /> |Simi<br /> |Also director, producer, writer, dialogue and screenplay writer<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Gandhi to Hitler]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2013<br /> |''Just U &amp;amp; Me''<br /> |<br /> |Punjabi Film<br /> |-<br /> |2015<br /> |''[[Second Hand Husband]]''<br /> |Kaajal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |''[[Raktdhar]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |''[[Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2019<br /> |''[[One Day: Justice Delivered]]''<br /> |Dr. Reena Chopra<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || ''Bombay'' || Rekha Bharadwaj || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Serial <br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 1993<br /> | ''[[Kanoon (TV series)|Kanoon]]''<br /> | Maggie<br /> | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | 1996<br /> | ''Dastaan E Hatimtai''<br /> | Neelam Pari (Fairy)<br /> | Cameo appearance / Narrator<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | 1998<br /> | rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | ''[[Shaktimaan]]''<br /> | Paroma <br /> | rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> | Sherali<br /> |-<br /> | 1999<br /> | ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]''<br /> | Inspector Sneha Verma <br /> | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | 2000<br /> | ''[[Vishnu Puran (TV series)|Vishnu Puran]]''<br /> | Suruchi<br /> | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | 2001<br /> | rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]''<br /> | Damini <br /> | rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | Kamini Roy <br /> |-<br /> | 2000–2004<br /> | ''[[Son Pari]]''<br /> | Ruby<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 2002<br /> | ''[[Ramayan (2002 TV series)|Ramayan]]''<br /> | [[Sulochana (Ramayana)|Sulochana]]<br /> | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> | 2002<br /> | ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]'' – Zehreena<br /> | Zehreena <br /> | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | 2002<br /> | ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]''<br /> | Avantika Darshan Kashyap <br /> | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan =&quot;4&quot; | 2002<br /> | rowspan = &quot;4&quot; | ''[[Suraag – The Clue]]''<br /> | Tanya Rai <br /> | rowspan = &quot;4&quot; | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | Champa <br /> |-<br /> | Imposter Tanya Rai <br /> |-<br /> | Inspector Kiran Mehra <br /> |-<br /> | 2002<br /> | ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]'' – Vikraal Aur Zaalima<br /> | Zaalima <br /> | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | 2002–2004<br /> | ''[[Kittie Party]]''<br /> | Kuku Nagpal<br /> | Lead role<br /> |-<br /> | 2003<br /> | ''[[Shararat (TV series)|Shararat]]''<br /> | Riya<br /> | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | 2003–2004<br /> | ''[[Karishma&amp;amp;nbsp;– The Miracles of Destiny]]''<br /> | Sanjana<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 2005<br /> | ''A.D.A.''<br /> | Anita<br /> | Lead role<br /> |-<br /> | 2006<br /> | ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' – Maut Ka Saudagar<br /> | Lavanya Dinega<br /> | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | 2006<br /> | ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' – The Invisible Eye Witness<br /> | Vyoma Sudeep Kumar<br /> | Episodic role<br /> |-<br /> | 2006–2007<br /> | ''[[Kashmakash Zindagi Ki]]''<br /> | Aradhana<br /> | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> | 2005–2009<br /> | ''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]''<br /> | Ichcha<br /> | Cameo<br /> |-<br /> | 2008<br /> | ''Dancing Queen''<br /> | Herself<br /> | Contestant<br /> |-<br /> | 2012–2013<br /> | ''[[Hongey Judaa Na Hum]]''<br /> | Tara Avinash Duggal<br /> | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2013<br /> | ''[[Nach Baliye 5]]''<br /> | Herself; contestant<br /> | Finished in 11th place with husband Keshav Arora<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Baal Veer]]''<br /> | Bawander Pari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2014<br /> | ''[[Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon]]''<br /> | Pam Harshwardhan Kapoor<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|Bigg Boss 8]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> | Evicted on Day 21, 12 October 2014<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015<br /> | ''[[Yam Hain Hum]]''<br /> | Badi Bindu Maam<br /> | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> |''Mushkil Samme Mein''<br /> | Toral<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016<br /> | ''[[Janbaaz Sindbad]]''<br /> | Shalaka<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Adhuri Kahaani Hamari]]''<br /> | Maha Dayaan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]''<br /> | Abida<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2017<br /> |''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)|Peshwa Bajira]]''<br /> | Zeb-Un-Nisa<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Santoshi Maa (TV series)|Santoshi Maa]]''<br /> | Kranti Maa<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]''<br /> | Devyani Patrick Banerjee<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 2018<br /> | ''[[Khichdi (2018 TV series)|Khichdi Returns]]''<br /> | Dr.Tilottama Dhakdhaki <br /> | Episodic role <br /> |-<br /> | 2019 <br /> | ''[[Main Bhi Ardhangini]]'' <br /> | Neelambari Thakur / Mahamaya <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Phir Laut Aayi Naagin]]''<br /> | Kanchan<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 2021<br /> | ''[[Ranju Ki Betiyaan]]''<br /> | Lalita Guddu Mishra<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 2022–2023<br /> | ''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]''<br /> | Satyavati Shantanu Raichand<br /> | Supporting role<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> | ''[[Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein 2]]''<br /> | Maya<br /> | Negative role <br /> |-<br /> | 2024–2025<br /> | ''[[Megha Barsenge]]''<br /> | Goldie Khurana<br /> | Supporting role <br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> | ''[[Ishq Jabariya]]'' <br /> | Devi Sahay <br /> | Negative role <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Web series===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2024<br /> | ''[[Raisinghani VS Raisinghani]]''<br /> | Nina Walia<br /> | <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|0214358}}<br /> <br /> {{Commons category|Deepshikha Nagpal}}<br /> <br /> {{Bigg Boss 8}}<br /> {{Nach Baliye}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Deepshika}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Odia cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Screenwriters from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Businesswomen from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:1977 births]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munnar_Ramesh&diff=519108 2026-02-26T12:15:22Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: article - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actor}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{infobox person<br /> | name = Munnar Ramesh<br /> | birth_name = Ramesh<br /> | occupation = Character actor<br /> | years_active = 2005{{ndash}}present<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Munnar Ramesh''' is an Indian actor who works in Tamil-language films. He is known for his character and villain roles, as well as his frequent collaborations with [[Vetrimaaran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=9753&amp;id1=40&amp;issue=20191101|title=ஆட்டுக்குட்டியை ஆட்டை போட்டவர் இவர்தான்! - Kungumam Tamil Weekly Magazine|website=kungumam.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;S&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/munnar-ramesh-interview-about-shooting-experiences|title=பழைய ஹெலிகாப்டர்ல Rajini ஏறுனதும் பயந்துட்டேன்! - Munnar Ramesh &amp;#124; Sivaji|first=Gopinath Rajasekar,கிருஷ்ணமூர்த்தி,லெனின் பா,ஆ முத்துக்குமார்,பா ரமேஷ்|last=கண்ணன்|website=Vikatan}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has acted in over 100 films.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Ramesh worked in a travels company before venturing into cinema.&lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; He made his debut with [[Balu Mahendra]]'s ''[[Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam]]'' (2005).&lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; His first break came with ''[[Pudhupettai]]'' (2006) where he played [[Dhanush]]'s father.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/actor-munnar-ramesh-finished-his-100-movie/articleshow/66868366.cms|title=100 படங்களில் நடித்து முடித்த தனுஷின் அப்பா?!|website=Samayam Tamil|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/actor-munnar-ramesh-shares-pudhupettai-movie-experience|title=Selvaraghavan என்கிட்ட கை எடுத்து கும்பிட்டார் 🙏 - Munnar Ramesh &amp;#124; Pudhupettai|first=Gopinath Rajasekar,லெனின் பா,ஆ முத்துக்குமார்,பா ரமேஷ்|last=கண்ணன்,கிருஷ்ணமூர்த்தி|website=Vikatan}}&lt;/ref&gt; He garnered acclaim for the dialogue &quot;Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru&quot; (God is there, Kumar).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=17153&amp;id1=3&amp;issue=20200823|title=பெயர் தெரியா நட்சத்திரங்கள்..! - Kungumam Tamil Weekly Magazine|website=www.kungumam.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; The dialogue became so popular that it inspired a film [[Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru|of the same name]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/Kadavul-Irukaan-Kumaru/articleshow/55411825.cms|title=Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; He played a pivotal role in ''[[6 (film)|6]]'' (2013) as a driver who helps the lead character find his son.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/6-melugu-vathigal-a-change-of-programme/article5153546.ece|title=6 Melugu Vathigal: A change of programme|first=Baradwaj|last=Rangan|date=21 September 2013|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; He played a police officer in ''[[Vada Chennai]]'' (2018).&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=9028&amp;id1=40&amp;issue=20181130|title=இயக்குநர்களின் நடிகர்! - Kungumam Tamil Weekly Magazine|website=kungumam.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has also worked as a dubbing artiste for [[Sayaji Shinde]].&lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {{expand list|date=May 2020}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! class&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || ''[[Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam]]'' || || &lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2006 || ''[[Theenda Theenda]]'' || || &lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Thalai Nagaram]]'' || Right's gang member ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pudhupettai]]'' || Sekhar || &lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|2007 || ''[[Lee (2007 film)|Lee]]'' || <br /> |Uncredited role<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]'' || || &lt;ref name=&quot;S&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kireedam (2007 film)|Kireedam]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'' || Police Inspector || &lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2008 || ''[[Bheemaa]]'' || Chandru ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pathu Pathu]]'' || Ravi ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Jayamkondaan]]'' || Nagu ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Poi Solla Porom]]'' || Inspector ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2009 || ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]'' || Samarasimha Reddy's henchman || &lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vettaikaran (2009 film)|Vettaikaran]]'' || Police Constable ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2010 || ''[[Thittakudi (film)|Thittakudi]]'' || Ramaswamy ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Unakkaga En Kadhal]]'' || Aadhi ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2011 || ''[[Aadukalam]]'' || Rathnasamy's right hand || &lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mappillai (2011 film)|Mappillai]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Velayudham]]'' || Local Goon ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2012 || ''[[Asthamanam]]'' || Guide || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/apr/08/asthamanam-356489.html | title=Asthamanam }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Kumki (film)|Kumki]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''[[6 (film)|6]]'' || Rangan ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2014 <br /> | ''[[Nimirndhu Nil]]'' || Police officer ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Poriyaalan]]'' || Ramesh ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 2015 ||''[[India Pakistan]]'' || Antony ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Buddhanin Sirippu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Vaalu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[49-O (film)|49-O]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2016 || ''[[Visaranai]]'' || Ramesh ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Enakku Veru Engum Kilaigal Kidayathu]]'' || Divya's father ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || ''[[Ulkuthu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|2018 || ''[[Vada Chennai]]'' || Rajan's friend || &lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Kattu Paya Sir Intha Kaali]]'' || || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-social-psycho-thriller-that-addresses-tamils-concerns/articleshow/62970843.cms|title=A social-psycho thriller that addresses Tamils' concerns - Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=Suganth |first1=M. }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Azhagumagan]]'' || Police officer ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Annanukku Jai (2018 film)|Annanukku Jai]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2019 || ''[[Irandam Ulagaporin Kadaisi Gundu]]'' || Veeramuthu || &lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' || || &lt;ref name=&quot;K&quot; /&gt; <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 2020 || ''[[Naan Sirithal]]'' || Ravi ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Nungambakkam (film)|Nungambakkam]]'' || Jailer Shanmuga Pandian ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Naanga Romba Busy]]'' || Constable Moorthy ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Mei Maranthen'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2022 || ''[[Carbon (2022 Indian film)|Carbon]]'' || Inspector Divakar ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Payanigal Gavanikkavum]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Yenni Thuniga]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Viduthalai Part 1]]'' || Sub-inspector &quot;Chow Chow&quot; Ramasamy ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Theerkadarishi]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2024 || ''[[Lal Salaam (2024 film)|Lal Salaam]]'' || Thiru's Bombay acquaintance ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Viduthalai Part 2]]'' || Sub-inspector &quot;Chow Chow&quot; Ramasamy ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|2025 || ''[[Phoenix (2025 film)|Phoenix]]'' || ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=‘Bloody Sweet’: Thalapathy Vijay Reviews Surya Sethupathi’s Debut Film Phoenix |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/tamil-cinema/bloody-sweet-thalapathy-vijay-reviews-surya-sethupathis-debut-film-phoenix-9421138.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Right (film)|Right]]'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mask (2025 film)|Mask]]'' || Ramesh || <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sirai (2025 film)|Sirai]]'' || Inspector Kathar Badshah || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Web series===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Platform <br /> |-<br /> | 2025-present|| ''[[Nadu Center]]'' || KB school's PE teacher || [[JioHotstar]] <br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |[[Thadayam (TV series)|''Thadayam'']]<br /> |DSP Gunasekaran<br /> |[[ZEE5]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References == <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb name|7379019}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramesh, Munnar}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapil_Mohan&diff=508402 2026-02-22T01:36:10Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: starting basic post initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian entrepreneur (1929–2018)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}<br /> {{use Indian English|date=January 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Kapil Mohan<br /> | image =<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | caption = Mohan at office photoshoot<br /> | birth_date = 16 July 1929<br /> | birth_place = India<br /> | death_date = 6 January 2018<br /> | death_place = Narinder Mohan Hospital, Mohan Nagar, [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]]<br /> | restingplace = <br /> | restingplacecoordinates = <br /> | othername = <br /> | occupation = Entrepreneur<br /> | yearsactive = <br /> | spouse = Pushpa Mohan<br /> | known for = [[Old Monk]] Rum, Solan No.1, and Golden Eagle<br /> | domesticpartner = <br /> | children = 1&lt;ref name=&quot;Money Control&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/annual-report/mohanmeakin/notes-to-account/MML01 | title=Money Control | publisher=Money Control | date=2010 | accessdate=10 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website = <br /> | awards = [[Padma Shri]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Kapil Mohan''' was an Indian [[Entrepreneurship|entrepreneur]] and the chairman and managing director of [[Mohan Meakin]], a brewer and distiller based in [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;M&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.mohanmeakin.com/index.php | title=Official web site of Mohan Meakin | publisher=Mohan Meakin | date=2014 | accessdate=21 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Business Week&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=25020597&amp;privcapId=20356817 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20141221145009/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=25020597&amp;privcapId=20356817 | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 December 2014 | title=Business Week | publisher=Business Week | date=2014 | accessdate=21 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was a recipient of the [[Vishisht Seva Medal]] and had served as a [[brigadier]] until the time of his retirement from the [[Indian Armed Forces]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Naukri&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.naukri.com/gpw/mohan/ | title=Naukri | publisher=Naukri | date=2014 | accessdate=21 December 2014 | archive-date=21 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221173815/http://www.naukri.com/gpw/mohan/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education and work ==<br /> Holder of a doctoral degree (PhD) and a former managing director of Trade Links Private Limited (1956-1966), Mohan was also a director of other group companies such as Arthos Breweries Limited, Mohan Rocky Springwater Breweries Limited, Sagar Sugars and Allied Products Limited, R. R. B. Energy Limited and Solchrome Systems India Limited.&lt;ref name=&quot;Business Week&quot; /&gt; He was also the patron of General Mohyal Brahman Sabha, an organisation of the [[Brahman]] community of Punjab.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kapil-mohan-5-facts-about-the-man-behind-the-iconic-rum-old-monk-1797837|title=Kapil Mohan: 5 Facts About The Man Behind The Iconic Rum, Old Monk|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2018-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Mohan was married to Pushpa Mohan.&lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV.com&quot;/&gt; Mohan was unwell over the last few years of his life, and had handed over day-to-day functioning of the various companies to his nephews, Hemant and Vinay Mohan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/kapil-mohan-the-man-who-kept-traditions-alive-at-mohan-meakin-passes-away-118010900035_1.html|title=Kapil Mohan, the man who kept traditions alive at Mohan Meakin passes away|last=Subramanian|first=N. Sundaresha|date=9 January 2018|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-01-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]], in 2010, with the fourth-highest Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Padma Shri&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Padma Shri |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archivedate=15 October 2015 |accessdate=11 November 2014 |publisher=Padma Shri}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> He died due to cardiac arrest on 6 January 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kapil Mohan, man behind 'Old Monk', dies at 88 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kapil-mohan-creator-of-old-monk-dies-at-88-reports/articleshow/62424416.cms |access-date=2018-01-09 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/padma-awards-2010/haobam-ongbi-ngangbi-devi/slideshow/5771428.cms | title=Economic Times | publisher=Economic Times | date=2010 | accessdate=18 December 2014}}<br /> <br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade &amp; Industry}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, Kapil}}<br /> [[Category:1929 births]]<br /> [[Category:2018 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian chief executives]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madineni_Venkat_Ratnam&diff=514544 2026-02-08T12:02:02Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: new - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian atmospheric scientist}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | name = Madineni Venkat Ratnam<br /> | image =<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1973|1|21}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Armoor]], [[Nizamabad district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | fields = {{ublist | [[Atmospheric science]] }}<br /> | workplaces = {{ublist | [[National Atmospheric Research Laboratory]] }}<br /> | alma_mater = Kakatiya Residential College, Nizamabad.&lt;br&gt;<br /> Girriraj Government Degree College, Nizamabad.&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Osmania University]]&lt;br&gt; [[Sri Venkateswara University]]<br /> | doctoral_advisor = D. Narayana Rao<br /> | doctoral_students = <br /> | known_for = Studies on Middle Atmospheric Structure and Dynamics<br /> | awards = {{ublist| 2018&amp;nbsp;[[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] }}<br /> <br /> 2010 [[NASI-SCOPUS Young Scientist Award]] <br /> }}<br /> '''Madineni Venkat Ratnam''' (born 1973) is an Indian atmospheric scientist, Heading Aerosol, Radiation and Trace gases Group at the [[National Atmospheric Research Laboratory]] of Department of Space, Government of India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vidwan - Profile Page&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/52605 |title=Vidwan - Profile Page |date=2019-01-18 |website=vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in |access-date=2019-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is known for his studies on middle atmospheric structure and dynamics.&lt;ref name=&quot;Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=548|title=Awardee Details: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|date=2019-01-18|website=ssbprize.gov.in|access-date=2019-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Born on 21 January 1973, at Armoor in [[Nizamabad district]] of the south Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] to Madineni Ramayya and Madineni Aademma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dr Madineni Venkat Ratnam won prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://kammasworld.blogspot.com/2018/09/dr-madineni-venkat-ratnam-won.html |title=Dr Madineni Venkat Ratnam won prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award |date=2019-01-18 |website=Kamma's world |language=en |access-date=2019-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> He has published a number of articles;&lt;ref name=&quot;Madineni Venkat Ratnam - Scinapse - Academic search engine for paper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://scinapse.io/authors/1985165441 |title=Madineni Venkat Ratnam - Scinapse - Academic search engine for paper |date=2019-01-18 |website=Scinapse |language=en |access-date=2019-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 182 of them.&lt;ref name=&quot;Venkat Ratnam Madineni - National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Tirupati - Department of Space&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Venkat_Ratnam_Madineni |title=Venkat Ratnam Madineni - National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Tirupati - Department of Space |date=2019-01-18 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |access-date=2019-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;View Bhatnagar Awardees&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=535 |title=View Bhatnagar Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=11 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Refn|group=note|Long link - please select award year to see details}}<br /> <br /> == Selected bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite journal |last1=Hima Bindu |first1=H. |last2=Venkat Ratnam |first2=M. |last3=Yesubabu |first3=Viswanadhapalli |last4=Hari Prasad |first4=D. |date=2019-01-01 |title=Medium frequency gravity wave characteristics obtained using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations |journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics |volume=182 |pages=119–129 |doi=10.1016/j.jastp.2018.11.013 |bibcode=2019JASTP.182..119H |issn=1364-6826|hdl=10754/630201 |s2cid=125471680 |hdl-access=free }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Siddarth Shankar |last2=Suneeth |first2=K. V. |last3=Ratnam |first3=M. Venkat |last4=Girach |first4=I. A. |last5=Das |first5=Subrata Kumar |date=2018-08-27 |title=Upper tropospheric ozone transport from the sub-tropics to tropics over the Indian region during Asian summer monsoon |journal=Climate Dynamics |volume=52 |issue=7–8 |pages=4567–4581 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00382-018-4418-6 |s2cid=133685815 |issn=1432-0894}}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last1=Emmanuel |first1=Maria |last2=Sunilkumar |first2=S. V. |last3=Venkat Ratnam |first3=M. |last4=Muhsin |first4=M. |last5=Parameswaran |first5=K. |last6=Krishna Murthy |first6=B. V. |date=2018-11-01 |title=Diurnal variation of the tropospheric water vapour over a coastal and an inland station in Southern Indian Peninsula |journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics |volume=179 |pages=11–21 |doi=10.1016/j.jastp.2018.06.007 |bibcode=2018JASTP.179...11E |s2cid=126401388 |issn=1364-6826}}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last1=Basha |first1=Ghouse |last2=Kishore |first2=P. |last3=Ratnam |first3=M. Venkat |last4=Ravindra Babu |first4=S. |last5=Velicogna |first5=Isabella |author-link5=Isabella Velicogna|last6=Jiang |first6=Jonathan H. |last7=Ao |first7=Chi O. |date=2018-05-24 |title=Global climatology of [[planetary boundary layer]] top obtained from multi-satellite GPS RO observations |journal=Climate Dynamics |volume=52 |issue=3–4 |pages=2385–2398 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00382-018-4269-1 |s2cid=134124067 |issn=1432-0894}}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last1=Eswaraiah |first1=S. |last2=Venkata Chalapathi |first2=G. |last3=Niranjan Kumar |first3=K. |last4=Venkat Ratnam |first4=M. |last5=Kim |first5=Yong Ha |last6=Vishnu Prasanth |first6=P. |last7=Lee |first7=Jaewook |last8=Rao |first8=S. V. B. |date=2018-04-01 |title=A case study of convectively generated gravity waves coupling of the lower atmosphere and mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) over the tropical region: An observational evidence |journal=Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics |volume=169 |pages=45–51 |doi=10.1016/j.jastp.2018.01.005 |bibcode=2018JASTP.169...45E |issn=1364-6826}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br /> * [[Atmosphere of Earth]]<br /> * [[Gravitational wave]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> {{portal|India}}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{reflist|group=note|2}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{Cite web |url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/10070872_CSIR-announces-prestigious-Shanti-Swarup-Bhatnagar-award.html |title=CSIR announces prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award |date=26 September 2018 |website=Press Trust of India |access-date=2019-01-18}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Madineni_Venkat_Ratnam |title=Madineni Venkat Ratnam - National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Tirupati |date=2019-01-18 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |access-date=2019-01-18}}<br /> * {{cite book|author1=Christoph Reigber|author2=Hermann Lühr|author3=Peter Schwintzer, Jens Wickert|title=Earth Observation with CHAMP: Results from Three Years in Orbit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJZoLbLI64wC&amp;pg=PR15|date=27 December 2005|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-26800-0|pages=15–}}<br /> * {{Cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/drvratnam/publications |title=Publications - Dr. D. Venkata Ratnam |date=2019-01-18 |website=sites.google.com |access-date=2019-01-18}}<br /> <br /> {{SSBPST recipients in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean &amp; Planetary Sciences}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ratnam, Madineni Venkat}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1973 births]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:People from Nizamabad district]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean &amp; Planetary Sciences]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_Loco_Shed,_Royapuram&diff=471160 2026-02-08T02:49:32Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: adjust lead per sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Loco shed in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox railway depot<br /> | name = Electric Loco Shed, Royapuram<br /> | image = RPM WAP-7.jpg<br /> | image_upright = 1.5<br /> | image_width = <br /> | image_alt = The shed is located at Royapuram railway station, Chennai<br /> | caption = RPM based WAP-7 hauling Netravati Express<br /> | location = [[Royapuram]], [[Chennai]], India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|13.10403|N|80.29366|E|display=inline}}<br /> | owner = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]<br /> | depotcode = RPM<br /> | type = [[Engine shed]]<br /> | opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2010|}}<br /> | closed = &lt;!--{{End date|YYYY|MM|df=y}}--&gt;<br /> | original = <br /> | pregrouping = <br /> | postgrouping = <br /> | roads = 6<br /> | rollingstock = [[WAP-5]] &lt;br&gt; [[WAP-7]]<br /> | former_rolling_stock = [[Indian locomotive class WAP-1|WAP-1]] &lt;br&gt; [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] <br /> | routes = &lt;!-- routes operated from the depot --&gt;<br /> | map_type = India Chennai<br /> | map_size = 300<br /> | embed = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Electric Loco Shed, Royapuram''' is a [[motive power depot]] performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for [[electric locomotive]]s of the [[Indian Railways]], located at [[Royapuram]] on the [[Chennai Beach]]–[[Katpadi]] section of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] network in [[Chennai]], India. It is located in the [[Southern Railway zone]] and it is one of the three electric locomotive sheds of the Southern Railway, the others being at [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|Erode]] (ED) and [[Electric Loco Shed, Arakkonam|Arakkonam]] (AJJ) and is the newest in south India.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:Route_haul_map_of_Royapuram_Electric_Loco_shed.png|thumb|335px|Route haul map of Royapuram Electric Loco shed]]<br /> Steam locomotive sheds used to exist at Royapuram (RPM) and Basin Bridge (for Madras) until the late 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Steam Locomotive Sheds in the 1970s|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-shed2.html#bgsr|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2016-12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=scan0189.jpg|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Steam/collingwood/scan0189.jpg.html|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; After Southern Railway set a deadline to eliminate all steam locomotive operations by 1985, a push was given towards establishing electric locomotion as the primary motive power, and the Steam locomotive shed was decommissioned. To meet the needs of exponentially increasing rail traffic on the new continuous broad-gauge lines from Chennai to Kanyakumari and Palakkad with the completion of gauge conversion, the steam shed site was selected by Indian railways for a new electric locomotive shed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Electric loco shed location|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/erode-junction-ed/39|access-date=2016-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> But in 2006, the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] planned to lease a portion of the terminus to the corporate sector for developing cement and fertilizer depots. When this move was opposed, the railway allotted {{INR}} 155.5 million for [[locomotive]] maintenance shed in 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;RoyapuramAsThirdTerminus&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=16 November 2011|title=ராயபுரம் ரயில் நிலையத்தை மூன்றாவது முனையமாக்க. கோரிக்கை சென்ட்ரல் எழும்பூரில் நெரிசல் குறைவு|language=ta|newspaper=Dinamalar|publisher=Dinamalar|location=Chennai|url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-district-news-chennai/chennai-news/349903|access-date=19 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The foundation stone for the electric loco shed, which will be the Southern Railway's third one after [[Arakkonam]] and [[Erode]], was laid on 25 January 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.railnews.in/royapuram-electric-loco-shed-to-get-facelift/|title=Royapuram Electric Loco Shed to get facelift – RailNews Media India Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt; The loco shed was planned with an initial capacity of 50 locomotives, which would be augmented to 100 and then to 150 in phases with an investment of {{INR}} 450 million, and would have an inspection bay for undertaking scheduled inspections and lifting bay for undertaking both minor and major repairs. A service building for maintenance of various equipment of locomotives was planned, which will have testing and overhauling facilities.<br /> <br /> New Electric shed was inaugurated in 2010. Initially, the shed handed only [[WAP-1]] and [[WAP-4]] class locomotives, but gradually were allocated WAP-7. The first loco to be homed at RPM was the WAP-1 '22000' which was also the first WAP-1 of India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Arakkonam (AJJ) WAP-1 22000 Show|url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/show/4988?authenticity_token=9v2pUgD+Y+zdEgShjHHtczeqpoTiAsQX2zUpe0QWzNI=&amp;loco_class_id=6|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IMG_1326|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/GeneralScenes/IMG_1326.JPG.html|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, more [[WAP-1]]s were transferred from [[Electric Loco Shed, Arakkonam|Arakkonam]] and then the shed started receiving [[WAP-4]]s from [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|Erode]]. The shed got its first [[WAP-7]] numbered '30319' in September 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IMG_8454|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Locos/Electric/wap5_7/IMG_8454.JPG.html|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Royapuram (RPM) WAP-7 30319 Show|url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/show/11883?authenticity_token=9v2pUgD+Y+zdEgShjHHtczeqpoTiAsQX2zUpe0QWzNI=&amp;shed_id=96|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; The shed also received new WAP-4 from CLW.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=1473146-0: Brand new 25× series of wap4 for RPM els RPM/RPM/Royapuram (2 PFs) – Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1473146|last=nivascar|first=Rahul|website=India Rail Info|access-date=2020-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=1505535-0: The First 25× series of Southern railway RPM/RPM/Royapuram (2 PFs) – Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1505535|last=nivascar|first=Rahul|website=India Rail Info|access-date=2020-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2016, all [[WAP-1]]s were transferred back to [[Electric Loco Shed, Arakkonam|Arakkonam]] to make way for the newly allocated [[WAP-7]]s and then in 2017 all [[WAP-4]]s were transferred back to [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|Erode]]. By July 2018, Royapuram became a pure 3 Phase only Shed housing only [[WAP-7]] locomotives.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=4315701-0: click here From the list, it seems th RPM/RPM/Royapuram (2 PFs) - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/4315701 |access-date=12 May 2019 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This shed have [[WAP-1]] and [[WAP-4]] locomotives, but now [[WAP-1]]s are moved to [[Electric Loco Shed, Arakkonam|Arakkonam]] shed and [[WAP-4]]s are moved to [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|Erode]] shed.<br /> <br /> == Operations ==<br /> *Being one of the three electric engine sheds in Southern Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 110 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 102 engine units, 102 [[WAP-7]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Indian Railway-shed wise engine.holdings|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/ele_engg/downloads/Shed_type_wise_holding_011015.pdf<br /> |page=1|access-date=2016-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Electric loco Shed, Royapuram housing the 3rd largest fleet of [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] in Indian Railways and it caters to many long-distance electric trains.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=fleets under sheds|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-shed.html#sr|access-date=2016-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=List of Locos in Royapuram|url=http://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/list?authenticity_token=ReK61Xl7XaF1VJapJ63USw3GU20HKtdaWEzVPl%2Bwz28%3D&amp;page=6&amp;shed_id=15|access-date=2016-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Like all locomotive sheds, RPM does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives. It not only attends to locomotives housed at RPM but to ones coming in from other sheds as well. It has four pit lines for loco repair.<br /> <br /> Locomotives of Royapuram ELS along with Erode and Arakkonam ELS were the regular links for all trains running through Kerala and Tamil Nadu when widespread electrification of railway lines started in Southern Railways. It handled prestigious trains like the [[Kerala Express]], and the [[Tamil Nadu Express]]. RPM locomotives used to be predominantly the regular links for trains traveling to north as well.<br /> <br /> == Locomotive ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Serial No. <br /> ! Locomotive Class<br /> ! Horsepower<br /> ! Quantity<br /> |-<br /> |1.<br /> |[[WAP-5]]<br /> |6120<br /> |4<br /> |-<br /> |2.<br /> |[[WAP-7]]<br /> |6350<br /> |126<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Total locomotives active as of February 2026'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=e-Locos|url=http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;||130<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Electric Loco Shed, Arakkonam]]<br /> *[[Electric Loco Shed, Erode]]<br /> *[[Diesel Loco Shed, Ernakulam]]<br /> *[[Diesel Loco Shed, Erode]]<br /> *[[Diesel Loco Shed, Golden Rock]]<br /> *[[Diesel Loco Shed, Tondiarpet]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> * [http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1,304,366,549,687,709|Official Website]<br /> * [http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-shed.html#sr|Loco Particulars]<br /> * [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1roX7g62tnMMg55hY1MrsHO9jZWA&amp;hl=en_US&amp;ll=11.4184021004248%2C78.02839185468747&amp;z=7|Google maps of Indian Railway Loco Sheds]<br /> * [https://vimeo.com/185662473|Video showing the Royapuram Electric Loco Shed]<br /> <br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> <br /> {{Transport in Chennai}}<br /> {{Locomotives Sheds of India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Chennai railway division|*]]<br /> [[Category:Electric railway depots in India|Royapuram]]<br /> [[Category:2010 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Chennai]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinsinwar&diff=536109 2026-02-08T00:37:29Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started the info needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Jat clan in India}}<br /> {{pp|small=yes}}<br /> '''Sinsinwar''' is an Indian clan of [[Jats]] mainly found in the state of [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Haryana]]. The name Sinsinwar is derived from the village [[Sinsini]] in [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan]]. Rulers of the [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur state]] belong to this clan such as [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-01-04 |title=अब विश्वेंद्र सिंह बोले: मुझे किसी को बताने की जरूरत नहीं है, हम यदुवंशी सिनसिनवार जाट थे, हैं और सदैव रहेंगे |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bharatpur/news/i-dont-need-to-tell-anyone-we-yaduvanshi-sinsinwar-jats-were-are-and-will-always-be-130757763.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104131624/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bharatpur/news/i-dont-need-to-tell-anyone-we-yaduvanshi-sinsinwar-jats-were-are-and-will-always-be-130757763.html |archive-date=2023-01-04 |access-date=2024-12-25 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Khari |first=Rahul |title=Jats and Gujars: origin, history, and culture |date=2007 |publisher=Reference Press |isbn=978-81-8405-031-8 |location=New Delhi |pages=72}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1901/6C5RAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0 |title=Census of India, 1901 |date=1902 |volume=25 |pages=151 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pawar |first=Hukam Singh |title=The Jats, their origin, antiquity, and migrations |date= |publisher=Manthan Publications |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-85235-22-6 |edition=1st |location=Rohtak |pages=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=Sivanandamandiram Narayanan |title=Political and administrative integration of princely states |date= |publisher=Mittal Publ |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7099-968-3 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi, India |pages=33}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> The word ''Sinsinwar'' was originated from the name of village [[Sinsini]], to which ancestral lineage of Bharatpur rulers belong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Khari |first=Rahul |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Jats_and_Gujars/1lGgAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=sinsinwar+origin+from+sinsini&amp;dq=sinsinwar+origin+from+sinsini&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture |date=2007 |publisher=Reference Press |isbn=978-81-8405-031-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Mythological origin==<br /> The Sinsinwar rulers of the Bharatpur dynasty claimed their descent from Balchand, a [[Jadaun (clan)| Yaduvanshi Rajput]] of [[Jadaun (clan)|Jadaun]] clan. Balchand's wife was infertile, so he had two sons named Vijje and Sijje with a Jat concubine whom he had captured during one of his usual plundering raids. His sons became Jats and adopted Sinsinwar as their gotra based on the village of Sinsini after being rejected as Rajputs. Historian [[Ram Pande]] notes several issues when examining the veracity of this legend: Sinsini had never been part of Karauli State, the caste of a child is not based on the mother's caste, and they would have become Darogas when rejected as Rajputs instead of Jats. Ram Pande states that this legend was created &quot;to show superiority of Sinsinwar Jats over other Jats&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Pande |first=Ram |title=Bharatpur up to 1826: A Social and Political History of the Jats |date=1970 |publisher=Rama Publishing House |pages=29 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8-1AAAAIAAJ |oclc=610185303|quote=The legend current in the Durbars of Bharatpur and Karauli till late was that one Balchand, a Yadav Rajput, 19th from Sindpal, a common claimed ancestor of Bharatpur and Karauli families, one day went out, as was his custom, on plundering expedition. On the way he met a Jat of Dogar clan, resident of Jagar, Hindaun in the former State of Jaipur. This Jat was carrying home his wife from Hodal, Balchand made both the Jat and his wife the prisoners and carried them of to his home Sinsini. Balchand had no family by his own wife and made his Jat prisoner's lady as his concubine and by her had two sons, Viije and Sijje. From that time when these two sons of Balchand were not admitted in the Rajput clan, they became Jats. After becoming Jats they proclaimed Sinsinwar as their Gotra from their own village Sinsini. There are several difficulties in accepting the story. Firstly, Karauli never had been such a big Stage at any time that Sinsini could have been a part of it. Secondly, a child's caste is normally determined by the caste of the father not by that of the mother. If Balchand's sons were not admitted to a Rajput clan, they would have been known as Darogas. Probably the purpose of above legend was to show superiority of Sinsinwar Jats over other Jats.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == List of notable persons ==<br /> This list includes some notable persons from Sinsinwar clan.<br /> * [[Rajaram of Sinsini]], chieftain of [[Sinsini]] in [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pande |first=Ram |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Bharatpur_Upto_1826/RBJuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=rajaram+sinsini&amp;dq=rajaram+sinsini&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=Bharatpur Upto 1826: A Social and Political History of the Jats |date=1970 |publisher=Rama Publishing House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Badan Singh]], Founder and first Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bond |first=J. W. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_States/47sfj8DUwNgC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=badan+singh+sinsinwar&amp;pg=PA146&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Wright |first2=Arnold |date=2006 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Suraj Mal]], Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1981_District_census_han/5PBPKwhpK_gC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=suraj+mal+sinsinwar&amp;dq=suraj+mal+sinsinwar&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A &amp; B, Village &amp; town directory ; Village &amp; townwise primary census abstract |date=1983 |publisher=Controller of Publications |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Vishvendra Singh]], Indian politician and former cabinet minister in [[Government of Rajasthan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Jawahar Singh]], Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Churaman]], chieftain of [[Sinsini]] in [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Lohagarh Fort]]<br /> * [[Deeg Palace]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]<br /> [[Category:Jat]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ward_No._3,_Kolkata_Municipal_Corporation&diff=457643 2026-02-07T12:45:17Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: general corrected information for accuracy and corrected details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> &lt;!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--&gt;<br /> &lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Basic info ----------------&gt;<br /> |name = Ward No. 3 &lt;!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --&gt;<br /> |official_name = <br /> |other_name = <br /> |native_name = &lt;!-- if different from the English name --&gt;<br /> |nickname = <br /> |settlement_type = Kolkata Municipal Corporation<br /> |total_type = &lt;!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --&gt;<br /> |motto = <br /> &lt;!-- images and maps -----------&gt;<br /> |image_skyline = <br /> |image_caption = <br /> |image_flag = <br /> |flag_size = <br /> |image_seal = <br /> |seal_size = <br /> |image_shield = <br /> |shield_size = <br /> |image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=India/West Bengal/Kolkata/Ward No. 3, KMC.map}}<br /> |map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 3<br /> |pushpin_map = India Kolkata<br /> |pushpin_map_alt = <br /> |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata<br /> &lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;<br /> |subdivision_type = Country<br /> |subdivision_name = {{IND}}<br /> |subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> |subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br /> |subdivision_type2 = City<br /> |subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]]<br /> |subdivision_type3 = Neighbourhoods covered<br /> |subdivision_name3 = [[Belgachia]], Duttabagan<br /> |subdivision_type4 = Reservation<br /> |subdivision_name4 = Women(Open)<br /> |subdivision_type5 = Parliamentary constituency<br /> |subdivision_name5 = [[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]<br /> |subdivision_type6 = Assembly constituency<br /> |subdivision_name6 = [[Kashipur-Belgachhia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kashipur-Belgachhia]]<br /> &lt;!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --&gt;<br /> |seat_type = Burough<br /> |seat = 1<br /> |parts_type = <br /> |parts_style = &lt;!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)<br /> Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--&gt;<br /> |parts = &lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;<br /> |p1 = <br /> |p2 = &lt;!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;<br /> |government_footnotes = <br /> |government_type = <br /> |leader_title = <br /> |leader_name = <br /> |leader_title1 = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;<br /> |leader_name1 = <br /> |established_title = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;<br /> |established_date = <br /> &lt;!-- Area ---------------------&gt;<br /> |unit_pref = Imperial&lt;!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--&gt;<br /> |area_footnotes = <br /> |area_total_km2 = &lt;!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;<br /> |area_land_km2 = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--&gt;<br /> |area_water_km2 = <br /> |area_water_percent = <br /> &lt;!-- Elevation --------------------------&gt;<br /> |elevation_footnotes = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;<br /> |elevation_m = <br /> |elevation_max_m = <br /> |elevation_min_m = <br /> &lt;!-- Population -----------------------&gt;<br /> |population_as_of = 2011<br /> |population_footnotes = <br /> |population_note = <br /> |population_total = 53,855<br /> |population_density_km2 = &lt;!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- General information ---------------&gt;<br /> |timezone = IST<br /> |utc_offset = +5:30<br /> |timezone_DST = <br /> |utc_offset_DST = <br /> |coor_type = &lt;!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to --&gt;<br /> |coordinates = {{coord|22.604444|N|88.383333|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[West Bengal]]}}|display=inline,title}}<br /> &lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;<br /> |postal_code_type = PIN&lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;<br /> |postal_code = 700 037<br /> |area_code = +91 33<br /> |website = <br /> |footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ward No. 3, Kolkata Municipal Corporation''' is an administrative division of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] in Borough No. 1, covering parts of [[Belgachia]] and Duttabagan neighbourhoods in [[North Kolkata]], in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Attempts were made to establish a municipal corporation at Kolkata from the middle of the 19th century. The electoral system was introduced for the first time in 1847, and 4 of the 7 board members were elected by the rate payers. In 1852 the board was replaced by a new one and in 1863 a new body was formed. As per old records, in 1872 there were 25 wards in Kolkata (spellings as in use at that time) – 1. Shyampukur, 2. Kumartuli, 3. Bartala, 4. Sukea Street, 5. Jorabagan, 6. Jorasanko, 7. Barabazar, 8. Kolutola, 9. Muchipara, 10. Boubazar, 11. Padmapukur, 12. Waterloo Street, 13. Fenwick Bazar, 14. Taltala, 15. Kalinga, 16. Park Street, 17. Victoria Terrace, 18. Hastings, 19. Entali, 20. Beniapukur, 21. Baliganj-Tollyganj, 22. Bhabanipur, 23. Alipur, 24.Ekbalpur and 25. Watganj. A new municipal corporation was created in 1876, wherein 48 commissioners were elected and 24 were appointed by the government. With the implementation of the Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 the area under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation was enlarged. Certain areas were already there but more parts of them were added (current spellings) - Entally, Manicktala, Beliaghata, Ultadanga, Chitpur, Cossipore, Beniapukur, Ballygunge, Watganj and Ekbalpur, and Garden Reach and Tollygunj. The Act of 1923 brought about important changes. It liberalised the constitution along democratic lines.&lt;ref&gt;Bagchi, Amiya Kumar, ''Wealth and Work in Calcutta, 1860-1921'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol. I, edited by [[Sukanta Chaudhuri]], p. 213-215, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-19-563696-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KMCAboutKolkataHome.jsp|title= A walk down memory lane | work= About Kolkata | publisher= KMC|access-date = 16 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The state government superseded the Corporation in 1948 and the Calcutta Municipal Act of 1951 came into force. Adult franchise was introduced in municipal elections in 1962. With the addition of certain areas in the southern parts of the city, the number of wards increased from 75 to 144.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/MunicipalHistoryHome.jsp|title= Kolkata Municipal Corporation | work= Kolkata - a municipal history | publisher= KMC|access-date = 16 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Ward No. 3 is bordered on the north by Dum Dum Road, Umakanta Sen Lane, Paikpara Raja Manindra Lane and Kshudiram Bose Sarani; on the east by the Eastern Railway line and Jiban Krishna Ghosh Road; on the south by Jiban Krishna Ghosh Road; and on the west by Anath Nath Deb Lane, Paikpara Row and Beerpara Lane.&lt;ref&gt;Kolkata: Detail Maps of 141 Wards with Street Directory. D.P.Publications &amp; Sales Concern, 66 College Street, Kolkata-700073, 4th edition 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/mwards.html |title= Municipal Wards| publisher= Yellow Pages.com|access-date = 23 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Ward no. 3 in Kolkata Municipal Corporation.svg|thumb|Location of Ward No. 3 in Kolkata Ward Map]]<br /> <br /> The ward is served by [[Tala, Kolkata#Police district|Tala]] police station of [[Kolkata Police Force|Kolkata Police]].&lt;ref name=&quot;police&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.kolkatapolice.gov.in/division.asp?ID=3&amp;Division=X |title = Kolkata Police |work = North and North Suburban Division | publisher= KP| access-date = 5 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kolkata: Detail Maps of 141 Wards with Street Directory, Fourth Impression 2003, Map Nos. 2 and 3, D.P.publication and Sales Concern, 66 College Street, Kolkata - 700 073.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Amherst Street (Kolkata)#Police district|Amherst Street Women police station]] covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the [[Divisions of Kolkata Police|North and North Suburban division]] of Kolkata Police, i.e. Amherst Street, Jorabagan, Shyampukur, Cossipore, Chitpur, Sinthi, Burtolla and Tala.&lt;ref name=&quot;police&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As per [[2011 Census of India]] Ward No. 3, Kolkata Municipal Corporation had a total population of 53,855, of which 27,636 (51%) were males and 26,219 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 4,358. The total number of literates in Ward No. 3 was 42,933 (86.74% of the population over 6 years).&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 4 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1916_PART_B_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII B |work = Page 25: District Highlights, 2011 Census | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1916_PART_A_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Pages 63-64: Literacy Rate | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br /> <br /> {{Literacy in KMC wards|collapsible=y}}<br /> Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see [[Kolkata district#Demographics|Kolkata district]].<br /> <br /> According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1916_PART_A_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map on third page plus demographic data about all the wards in the handbook | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Election highlights==<br /> The ward forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of [[Kashipur-Belgachhia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].&lt;ref name=delimitation&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf| title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 8 April 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;ìÍĦĤĠčw<br /> |-<br /> ! Election&lt;br /&gt; Year!!Constituency!!Name of councillor!!Party Affililiation<br /> |-<br /> |2005||Ward No. 3||Namita Das||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||&lt;ref&gt;Search the web for COUNCILLORS OF KOLKATA MUNICITIPAL CORPORATION. In the search list click on this. On clicking one gets an option for &quot;List of KMC Councillors&quot; at the bottom of the page. Press &lt;Open&gt; to get to Adobe Acrobat file.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2010||||Brojendra Kumar Bose||[[All India Trinamool Congress]]||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.wbsec.gov.in/(S(csnkqo55bqu3de55qcptl2ib))/Municipal/Detailed_Mun_KMC.aspx |title= Kolkata Municipal Corporation General Election Results 2010| publisher= Government of West Bengal |access-date = 23 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |2015||||Santanu Sen||All India Trinamool Congress||&lt;ref&gt;Prabahat Khabar, Hindi newspaper, print edition, 29 April 2015&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Wikivoyage-inline|Kolkata/North Kolkata}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Portal|India}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Kolkata Municipal Corporation wards}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Municipal wards of Kolkata]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo_Crisis&diff=452311 2026-01-28T23:27:39Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: General cleanup and content improvements</p> <hr /> <div><br /> {{Short description|1960–1965 political unrest in Central Africa}}<br /> {{Good article}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox military conflict<br /> | conflict = Congo Crisis<br /> | partof = the [[decolonisation of Africa]] and the [[Cold War]]<br /> | image = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=300px<br /> | image1=UN_Baluba_camp.jpg<br /> | image2=Wounded_Swedish_ONUC_soldier.jpg<br /> | image3=Dragonrouge2.jpg<br /> | image4=Jeunesse_BALUBAKAT.jpg<br /> | image5=Dragon_Rouge_-_DN144a.jpg<br /> | image6=Murdered_civilians_in_Lodja.jpg<br /> | alt6=}}<br /> '''Clockwise starting from top left: '''{{flatlist|<br /> * Refugee camp outside [[Lubumbashi|Élisabethville]]<br /> * Peacekeepers tending to a wounded comrade<br /> * Armed [[Luba people|Luba]] civilians<br /> * Massacred civilians in [[Lodja]]<br /> * Belgian paratroopers during [[Operation Dragon Rouge|''Dragon Rouge'']]<br /> * Government forces fighting [[Simba rebels]] <br /> }}<br /> | date = 5 July 1960 – 25 November 1965&lt;br /&gt;({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=07|day1=05|year1=1960|month2=11|day2=25|year2=1965}})<br /> | place = [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Republic of the Congo]]<br /> | coordinates = <br /> | map_type = <br /> | map_relief = <br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | territory = <br /> | result = The Congo established as an independent unitary state under the authoritarian presidency of [[Mobutu Sese Seko]].<br /> | combatant1 = {{plainlist| 1960–1963:<br /> * {{flagicon|COD|1960}} [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Republic of the Congo]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Supported by:'''{{ubl|{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} (1960)|{{flagicon|United Nations}} [[United Nations Operation in the Congo|ONUC]]{{efn|ONUC, the United Nations Operation in the Congo, included troops from [[Ghana]], [[Tunisia]], [[Morocco]], [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Guinea]], [[Sweden]], [[Mali]], [[History of Sudan (1956–1969)|Sudan]], [[Liberia]], [[Canada]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[United Arab Republic]] among others.{{sfn|Haskin|2005|pp=24–25}}<br /> }}}}<br /> | combatant2 = 1960–1963:{{ubl|<br /> {{flag|Katanga}}|{{flag|South Kasai}}}}<br /> <br /> '''Supported by:'''{{ubl|{{flag|Belgium}}{{efn|The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]], [[French Fifth Republic|France]], [[Portuguese Angola]] and the neighbouring [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland|Central African Federation]].{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=101}}{{sfn|Dorn|2016|p=32}} However, neither was ever [[diplomatic recognition|officially recognised]] by any state.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=97}} }}}}<br /> ----<br /> 1960–1962:{{ubl|<br /> {{flagicon|COD|1960}} [[Free Republic of the Congo]]}}<br /> <br /> '''Supported by:'''{{ubl|{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}}}<br /> | combatant1a = 1963–1965:{{ubl|<br /> {{flagicon|COD|1963}} [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|{{flag|United States}}|{{flag|Belgium}}}}<br /> <br /> '''Supported by:'''{{ubl|{{flagicon|United Nations}} [[United Nations Operation in the Congo|ONUC]] (1964)}}<br /> | combatant2a = 1963–1965:{{ubl|<br /> {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Kwilu rebellion|Kwilu]] and [[Simba rebellion|Simba]] rebels}}<br /> <br /> '''Supported by:'''{{unbulleted list|<br /> {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}<br /> |{{flag|China}}<br /> |{{flag|Cuba}}<br /> }}<br /> | commander1 = {{unbulleted list<br /> |{{flagicon|COD|1960}} [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]<br /> |{{flagicon|COD|1960}} [[Patrice Lumumba]]{{Executed}}<br /> |{{flagicon|COD|1960}} [[Cyrille Adoula]]<br /> |{{flagicon|United Nations}} [[Dag Hammarskjöld]]{{KIA|1961 Ndola Transair Sweden DC-6 crash}}<br /> |{{flagicon|United Nations}} [[U Thant]]<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{unbulleted list<br /> |{{flagicon|COD|1963}} [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]<br /> |{{flagicon|COD|1963}} [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]]<br /> |{{nowrap|{{flagicon|COD|1963}} [[Moïse Tshombe]] (from 1964)}}<br /> }}<br /> | commander2 = {{unbulleted list<br /> |{{flagicon|Katanga}} [[Moïse Tshombe]]<br /> |{{flagicon|South Kasai}} [[Albert Kalonji]]<br /> |{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Gaston Eyskens]]<br /> |{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Théo Lefèvre]]<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{unbulleted list<br /> |{{flagicon|COD|1960}} [[Antoine Gizenga]]{{POW}}<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{unbulleted list<br /> |{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Pierre Mulele]]<br /> |{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Christophe Gbenye]]<br /> |{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Che Guevara]]<br /> }}<br /> | strength1 = <br /> | strength2 = <br /> | casualties1 = <br /> | casualties2 = <br /> | casualties3 = Total killed: c. 100,000{{sfn|Mwakikagile|2014|p=72}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Congo Crisis}}<br /> {{Congolese independence}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Conflicts in Congo}}<br /> <br /> The '''Congo Crisis''' ({{langx|fr|Crise congolaise|link=no}}) was a period of [[Crisis|political upheaval]] and [[war|conflict]] between 1960 and 1965 in the [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Republic of the Congo]] (today the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]).{{efn|Not to be confused with the neighbouring state known as the [[Republic of the Congo]], formerly the [[French Congo]], with its capital at [[Brazzaville]]. The state's name changed to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in August 1964.{{sfn|EISA|2002a}} }} The crisis began almost immediately after the Congo became independent from [[Belgium]] and ended, unofficially, with the entire country under the rule of [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]]. Constituting a series of [[civil war]]s, the Congo Crisis was also a [[proxy war|proxy conflict]] in the [[Cold War]], in which the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States]] supported opposing factions. Around 100,000 people are believed to have been killed during the crisis.<br /> <br /> A nationalist movement in the [[Belgian Congo]] demanded the end of colonial rule: this led to the country's independence on 30 June 1960. Minimal preparations had been made and many issues, such as [[federalism]], [[tribalism]], and [[ethnic nationalism]], remained unresolved. In the first week of July, 1960, [[Mutiny of the Force Publique|a mutiny]] broke out in the army and violence erupted between black and white civilians. Belgium sent troops to protect fleeing white citizens. [[State of Katanga|Katanga]] and [[South Kasai]] seceded with Belgian support. Amid continuing unrest and violence, the [[United Nations]] [[United Nations Operation in the Congo|deployed peacekeepers]], but UN secretary-general [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] refused to use these troops to help the central government in [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]] (Kinshasa) fight the secessionists. Prime Minister [[Patrice Lumumba]], the charismatic leader of the largest nationalist faction, reacted by calling for assistance from the Soviet Union, which promptly sent military advisers and other support.<br /> <br /> The involvement of the Soviets split the Congolese government and led to an impasse between Lumumba and President [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]]. Mobutu, at that time Lumumba's chief military aide and a [[Military ranks of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|lieutenant-colonel]] in the army, broke this deadlock with a ''[[coup d'état]]'', expelled the Soviet advisors and established a new government effectively under his own control. Lumumba was taken captive and subsequently executed in 1961. A rival government of the &quot;[[Free Republic of the Congo]]&quot; was founded in the eastern city of [[Kisangani|Stanleyville]], present day Kisangani, by Lumumba supporters led by [[Antoine Gizenga]]. It gained Soviet support but was crushed in early 1962. Meanwhile, the UN took a more aggressive stance towards the secessionists after Hammarskjöld was killed in [[1961 Ndola United Nations DC-6 crash|a plane crash]] in late 1961. Supported by UN troops, Léopoldville defeated secessionist movements in Katanga and South Kasai by the start of 1963.<br /> <br /> With Katanga and South Kasai back under the government's control, a reconciliatory compromise constitution was adopted and the exiled Katangese leader, [[Moïse Tshombe]], was recalled to head an interim administration while fresh elections were organised. Before these could be held, however, [[Maoism|Maoist]]-inspired militants calling themselves the &quot;[[Simba rebellion|Simbas]]&quot; rose up in the east of the country. The Simbas took control of a significant amount of territory and proclaimed a communist &quot;People's Republic of the Congo&quot; in Stanleyville (Kisangani). Government forces gradually retook territory and, in November 1964, Belgium and the United States [[Operation Dragon Rouge|intervened militarily]] in Stanleyville. The Simbas were defeated and collapsed soon after. Following [[1965 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election|the elections]] in March 1965, a new political stalemate developed between Tshombe and Kasa-Vubu, forcing the government into near-paralysis. Mobutu mounted a [[Second Mobutu coup d'état|second coup d'état]] in November 1965, taking personal control of the country. Under Mobutu's rule, the Congo (renamed [[Zaire]] in 1971) was transformed into a dictatorship which would endure until [[First Congo War|his deposition in 1997]].<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> ===Belgian rule===<br /> {{Main|Belgian Congo}}<br /> [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa.svg|thumb|left|The [[Belgian Congo]], today the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], highlighted on a map of Africa]]<br /> <br /> [[Colonization of the Congo basin|Colonial rule in the Congo]] began in the late 19th century. King [[Leopold II of Belgium]], frustrated by Belgium's lack of international power and prestige, attempted to persuade the Belgian government to support colonial expansion around the then-largely unexplored [[Congo Basin]]. The Belgian government's ambivalence about the idea led Leopold to eventually create the colony on his own account. With support from a number of Western countries, who viewed Leopold as a useful [[Buffer state|buffer]] between rival colonial powers, Leopold achieved international recognition for a personal colony, the [[Congo Free State]], in 1885.{{sfn|Pakenham|1992|pp=253–55}} By the turn of the century, however, [[Atrocities in the Congo Free State|the violence]] of Free State officials against indigenous Congolese and the system of economic extraction had led to intense diplomatic pressure on Belgium to take official control of the country, which it did in 1908, creating the [[Belgian Congo]].{{sfn|Pakenham|1992|pp=588–89}}<br /> <br /> Belgian rule in the Congo was based around the &quot;colonial trinity&quot; (''trinité coloniale'') of [[Government|state]], [[Christianity|missionary]] and [[Privately held company|private company]] interests.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=28}} The privileging of Belgian commercial interests meant that capital sometimes flowed back into the Congo and that individual regions became [[economic specialization|specialised]]. On many occasions, the interests of the government and private enterprise became closely tied and the state helped companies with [[strikebreaking]] and countering other efforts by the indigenous population to better their lot.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=28}} The country was split into nesting, hierarchically organised administrative subdivisions, and run uniformly according to a set &quot;native policy&quot; (''politique indigène'')—in contrast to the British and the French, who generally favoured the system of [[indirect rule]] whereby traditional leaders were retained in positions of authority under colonial oversight. There was also a high degree of [[racial segregation]]. Large numbers of [[White people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|white immigrants who moved to the Congo]] after the end of [[World War II]] came from across the social spectrum, but were nonetheless always treated as superior to black people.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=29}}<br /> <br /> During the 1940s and 1950s, the Congo experienced an unprecedented level of [[urbanisation]] and the colonial administration began various [[International development|development]] programmes aimed at making the territory into a &quot;model colony&quot;.{{sfn|Freund|1998|pp=198–99}} One of the results of the measures was the development of a new middle class of Europeanised African &quot;''[[évolué]]s''&quot; in the cities.{{sfn|Freund|1998|pp=198–99}} By the 1950s, the Congo had a [[wage labour]] force twice as large as that in any other African colony.{{sfn|Freund|1998|p=198}} The Congo's rich natural resources, including uranium—[[Belgian Congo in World War II#Uranium|much of the uranium]] used by the U.S. nuclear programme during World War II was Congolese—led to substantial interest in the region from both the [[Soviet Union]] and the United States as the [[Cold War]] developed.{{sfn|Borstelmann|1993|pp=92–93}}<br /> <br /> ===Politics and radicalisation===<br /> An [[African nationalism|African nationalist movement]] developed in the Belgian Congo during the 1950s, primarily among the ''évolués''. The movement was divided into a number of parties and groups which were broadly divided on ethnic and geographical lines and opposed to one another.{{sfn|Freund|1998|p=199}} The largest, the ''[[Congolese National Movement|Mouvement National Congolais]]'' (MNC), was a [[united front]] organisation dedicated to achieving independence &quot;within a reasonable&quot; time.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=64}} It was created around a charter which was signed by, among others, [[Patrice Lumumba]], [[Cyrille Adoula]] and [[Joseph Iléo]], but others accused the party of being too moderate.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=64–65}} Lumumba became a leading figure within the MNC, and by the end of 1959, the party claimed to have 58,000 members.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=76}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Joseph Kasa-Vubu at the Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference.jpg|thumb|upright|The leader of ABAKO, [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]], who later became the independent Congo's first President]]<br /> The MNC's main rival was the ''[[ABAKO|Alliance des Bakongo]]'' (ABAKO),{{efn|In most [[Bantu languages]], the [[prefix#Bantu languages|prefix]] ''ba-'' (or ''wa-'') is added to a human noun to form a plural. As such, ''Bakongo'' refers collectively to members of the [[Kongo people|Kongo ethnic group]].}} led by [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]], who advocated a more radical ideology than the MNC, based around calls for immediate independence and the promotion of regional identity.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=65–66}} ABAKO's stance was more [[ethnic nationalism|ethnic nationalist]] than the MNC's; it argued that an independent Congo should be run by the [[Kongo people|Bakongo]] as inheritors of the pre-colonial [[Kingdom of the Kongo]].{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=66}} The ''[[CONAKAT|Confédération des Associations Tribales du Katanga]]'' (CONAKAT), a localist party led by [[Moïse Tshombe]], was the third major organisation; it advocated [[federalism]] and primarily represented the southern province of [[Katanga Province|Katanga]]. These were joined by a number of smaller parties which emerged as the nationalist movement developed, including the radical ''[[Parti Solidaire Africain]]'' (PSA), and factions representing the interests of minor ethnic groups like the ''[[Alliance des Bayanzi]]'' (ABAZI).{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=74}}<br /> <br /> Although it was the largest of the African nationalist parties, the MNC had many different factions within it that took differing stances on a number of issues. It was increasingly polarised between moderate ''évolués'' and the more radical mass membership.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=82–83}} A radical faction headed by Iléo and [[Albert Kalonji]] split away in July 1959, but failed to induce mass defections by other MNC members. The dissident faction became known as the MNC-Kalonji (MNC-K), while the majority group became the MNC-Lumumba (MNC-L). The split divided the party's support base into those who remained with Lumumba, chiefly in the [[Kisangani|Stanleyville]] region in the north-east, and those who backed the MNC-K, which became most popular around the southern city of [[Lubumbashi|Élisabethville]] and among the [[Luba people|Luba ethnic group]].{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=83–85}}<br /> <br /> [[1959 Léopoldville Riots|Major riots broke out]] in [[Kinshasa|Léopoldville]], the Congolese capital, on 4 January 1959 after a political demonstration turned violent. The ''[[Force Publique]]'', the colonial [[gendarmerie]], used force against the rioters—at least 49 people were killed, and total casualties may have been as high as 500.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=70}} The nationalist parties' influence expanded outside the major cities for the first time, and nationalist demonstrations and riots became a regular occurrence over the next year, bringing large numbers of black people from outside the ''évolué'' class into the independence movement. Many black people began to test the boundaries of the colonial system by refusing to pay taxes or abide by minor colonial regulations. The bulk of the ABAKO leadership was arrested, leaving the MNC in an advantageous position.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=70–73}}<br /> <br /> These developments led to the white community also becoming increasingly alarmed. Some white people looked to a possible military government to restore order while others petitioned the colonial government for crackdowns.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=70}} As law and order began to break down, white civilians formed [[militia]] groups known as ''Corps de Volontaires Européens'' (&quot;European Volunteer Corps&quot;) to police their neighborhoods, but these militias were outlawed on March 25.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=79}}<br /> <br /> === Independence ===<br /> [[File:De Congolese leider Patrice Loemoemba in Brussel, Bestanddeelnr 910-9741.jpg|thumb|left|[[Patrice Lumumba]], leader of the MNC-L and first Prime Minister, pictured in [[Brussels]] at the [[Congolese Round Table Conference|Round Table Conference]] of 1960]]<br /> In the fallout from the Léopoldville riots, the report of a Belgian parliamentary [[working group]] on the future of the Congo was published. It noted a strong demand for &quot;internal autonomy&quot;.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=76}} [[August de Schryver]], the Minister of the Colonies, launched a high-profile [[Congolese Round Table Conference|Round Table Conference]] in [[Brussels]] in January 1960, with the leaders of all the major Congolese parties (including the ABAKO, PSA, CONAKAT, ABAZI and both the Lumumba and Kalonji factions of the MNC) in attendance.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=88}} Lumumba, who had been arrested following riots in Stanleyville, was released in the run-up to the conference and headed the MNC-L delegation.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=87}} The Belgian government had hoped for a period of at least 30 years before independence, but Congolese pressure at the conference led to 30 June 1960 being set as the date.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=88}} Delegates failed to reach an agreement concerning the issues of [[federalism]], {{Clarify span|[[Ethnic nationalism|ethnicity]]|What does it mean to &quot;reach an agreement&quot; on ethnicity?|date=November 2023}} and the future role of Belgium in Congolese affairs.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=89–91}}<br /> <br /> Belgians began campaigning against Lumumba, whom they wanted to marginalise; they accused him of being a [[communism|communist]] and, hoping to fragment the nationalist movement, supported rival, ethnic-based parties like CONAKAT.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=90–91}} Many Belgians hoped that an independent Congo would form part of a federation, like the [[French Community]] or Britain's [[Commonwealth of Nations]], and that close economic and political association with Belgium would continue.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=93–94}} As independence approached, the Belgian government organised Congolese [[Belgian Congo general election, 1960|elections in May 1960]]. These resulted in an MNC [[relative majority]].{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=87}}<br /> <br /> The proclamation of the independent [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Republic of the Congo]], and the end of colonial rule, occurred as planned on 30 June 1960. In a ceremony at the ''[[Palais de la Nation (Kinshasa)|Palais de la Nation]]'' in Léopoldville, [[Baudouin of Belgium|King Baudouin]] gave a speech in which he presented the end of colonial rule in the Congo as the culmination of the Belgian &quot;[[civilising mission]]&quot; begun by Leopold II.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=96}} After the King's address, Lumumba [[Congolese Independence Speech|gave an unscheduled speech]] in which he angrily attacked [[colonialism]] and described independence as the crowning success of the [[African nationalism|nationalist movement]].{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=96–100}} Although Lumumba's address was acclaimed by figures such as [[Malcolm X]], it nearly provoked a [[diplomatic incident]] with Belgium; even some Congolese politicians perceived it as unnecessarily provocative.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=100}} Nevertheless, independence was celebrated across the Congo.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=100–01}}<br /> <br /> Politically, the new state had a [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential constitution]], known as the ''Loi Fondamentale'', in which executive power was shared between president and prime minister in a system known as ''bicephalisme''.{{sfn|EISA|2002a}} Kasa-Vubu was proclaimed president, and Lumumba prime minister, of the Republic of the Congo.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=91}} Despite the objections of CONAKAT and others, the constitution was largely centralist, concentrating power in the central government in Léopoldville, and did not devolve significant powers to provincial level.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=102}}<br /> <br /> ==Beginning of the crisis==<br /> <br /> ===''Force Publique'' mutiny, racial violence and Belgian intervention===<br /> Despite the proclamation of independence, neither the Belgian nor the Congolese government intended the colonial social order to end immediately. The Belgian government hoped that whites might keep their position indefinitely.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=102}} The Republic of the Congo was still reliant on colonial institutions like the ''[[Force Publique]]'' to function from day to day, and white technical experts, installed by the Belgians, were retained in the broad absence of suitably qualified black Congolese replacements.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=102}} Many Congolese people had assumed that independence would produce tangible and immediate social change, so the retention of whites in positions of importance was widely resented.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=103}}<br /> <br /> {{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote=&quot;Independence brings changes to politicians and to civilians. But for you, nothing will be changed&amp;nbsp;... none of your new masters can change the structure of an army which, throughout its history, has been the most organized, the most victorious in Africa. The politicians have lied to you.&quot;|source=Extract from [[Émile Janssens]]' speech to the ''Force Publique'' on 5 July 1960{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=103}}}}<br /> Lieutenant-General [[Émile Janssens]], the Belgian commander of the ''Force Publique'', refused to see Congolese independence as marking a change in the nature of command.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=103}} The day after the independence festivities, he gathered the black [[non-commissioned officer]]s of his Léopoldville garrison and told them that things under his command would stay the same, summarising the point by writing &quot;Before Independence = After Independence&quot; on a blackboard. This message was hugely unpopular among the rank and file—many of the men had expected rapid promotions and increases in pay to accompany independence.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=103}} On 5 July 1960, [[1960 Force Publique mutiny|several units mutinied]] against their white officers at Camp Hardy near [[Mbanza-Ngungu|Thysville]]. The insurrection spread to Léopoldville the next day and later to garrisons across the country.{{sfn|Gondola|2002|p=118}}<br /> <br /> Rather than deploying Belgian troops against the mutineers as Janssens had wished, Lumumba forced him to resign and reorganised the ''Force Publique'' as the ''[[Armée Nationale Congolaise]]'' (ANC). All black soldiers were promoted by at least one rank.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=104}} [[Victor Lundula]] was promoted directly from [[sergeant-major]] to [[major-general]] and commander of the ANC, replacing Janssens.{{sfn|Gondola|2002|p=118}} At the same time, [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], an ex-sergeant-major and close personal aide of Lumumba, became Lundula's deputy as army [[chief of staff]].{{sfn|Renton|Seddon|Zeilig|2007|p=113}} The government attempted to stop the revolt—Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu intervened personally at Léopoldville and Thysville and persuaded the mutineers to lay down their arms—but in most of the country the mutiny intensified. White officers and civilians were attacked, white-owned properties were looted and white women were raped.{{sfn|Gondola|2002|p=118}} The Belgian government became deeply concerned by the situation, particularly when white civilians began entering neighbouring countries as refugees.{{sfn|Gondola|2002|p=119}} The international press expressed shock at the apparent sudden collapse of order in the Congo, as the world view of the Congolese situation prior to independence—due largely to Belgian propaganda—was one of peace, stability, and strong control by the authorities.{{sfn|Stanard|2018|pp=145–146}}<br /> <br /> [[File:ANC soldiers on roadside.jpg|thumb|left|''Force Publique'' soldiers in Léopoldville in 1960]]<br /> Lumumba's stance appeared to many Belgians to justify their prior concerns about his radicalism.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=104}} On 9 July, Belgium deployed [[Paratrooper|paratroopers]], without the Congolese state's permission, in [[Kabalo]] and elsewhere to protect fleeing white civilians.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=105}} The Belgian intervention divided Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu; while Kasa-Vubu accepted the Belgian operation,{{sfn|Gondola|2002|p=119}} Lumumba denounced it and called for &quot;all Congolese to defend our republic against those who menace it.&quot;{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=105}} Meanwhile, as reported by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', the Belgian paratroopers &quot;beat up any stray Africans they encountered, disarmed and arrested Congolese troops&quot; and even fired arbitrarily at Congolese citizens.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |author=&lt;!-- not stated --&gt; |date=25 July 1960 |title=CONGO: Jungle Shipwreck |url=https://time.com/archive/6622644/congo-jungle-shipwreck |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=17 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At Lumumba's request, white civilians from the port city of [[Matadi]] were evacuated by the [[Belgian Navy]] on 11 July. Belgian ships then bombarded the city; at least 19 civilians were killed. This action prompted renewed attacks on whites across the country, while Belgian forces entered other towns and cities, including Léopoldville, and clashed with Congolese troops.{{sfn|Gondola|2002|p=119}} The Belgian government subsequently announced that it would provide for Belgian bureaucrats back in the metropole, triggering an exodus of most of the Congo's 10,000 European civil servants and leaving the administration in disarray.{{sfn|Young|1966|p=35}} Engulfed by the disorder spreading throughout the country, most of the government ministries were unable to function.{{sfn|Young|2015|p=334}}<br /> <br /> ===Katanga and South Kasai secessions===<br /> {{Main|State of Katanga|South Kasai}}<br /> [[File:Flag of Katanga.svg|thumb|[[Flag of Katanga|Flag]] of the secessionist [[State of Katanga]], declared in 1960]]<br /> On 11 July 1960, [[Moïse Tshombe]], the leader of CONAKAT, declared the Congo's southern [[Katanga Province|province of Katanga]] independent as the State of Katanga, with Élisabethville as its capital and himself as president.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=85}} The mineral-rich Katanga region had traditionally shared closer economic ties with the [[Copperbelt]] of neighbouring [[Northern Rhodesia]] (then part of the [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland|Central African Federation]]) than with the rest of the Congo,{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=85}} and because of its economic importance it had been administered separately from the rest of the country under the Belgians.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=28}} CONAKAT furthermore contended that Katangese people were ethnically distinct from other Congolese. The secession was partly motivated by the Katangese separatists' desire to keep more of the wealth generated by the province's mining operations and to avoid sharing it with the rest of the Congo.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|pp=85–86}} Another major factor was what CONAKAT held to be the disintegration of law and order in the central and north-eastern Congo. Announcing Katanga's breakaway, Tshombe said &quot;We are seceding from chaos.&quot;{{sfn|Struelens|1978|p=48}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Tshombe with Operation Unokat casualty cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The President of secessionist Katanga, [[Moïse Tshombe]]]]<br /> The major mining company in Katanga, the {{lang|fr|[[Union Minière du Haut Katanga]]}} (UMHK), had begun supporting CONAKAT during the latter days of Belgian rule amid worries that the MNC might seek to nationalise the company's assets after independence. UMHK was largely owned by the {{lang|fr|[[Société Générale de Belgique]]}}, a prominent holding company based in Brussels that had close ties to the Belgian government. Encouraged by the UMHK, the Belgian government provided military support to Katanga and ordered its civil servants in the region to remain in their posts.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=86}} Tshombe also recruited mercenaries, mainly whites from South Africa and the Rhodesias, to supplement and command Katangese troops.{{sfn|Mockler|1986|p=117}} Although supported by the Belgians, Katanga never received formal [[diplomatic recognition]] from any country.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=97}} The Katangese secession highlighted the &quot;fundamental weakness&quot; of the central government in Léopoldville, which had been the chief advocate of a unified state.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=86}}<br /> <br /> Less than a month after the Katangese secession, on 8 August, a section of [[Kasaï (former province)|Kasai Province]] situated slightly to the north of Katanga also declared its autonomy from the central government as the [[South Kasai|Mining State of South Kasai]] ({{lang|fr|Sud-Kasaï}}) based around the city of [[Mbuji-Mayi|Bakwanga]].{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=86}} South Kasai was much smaller than Katanga, but was also a mining region. It was largely populated by the [[Luba people|Luba ethnic group]], and its president, [[Albert Kalonji]], claimed that the secession was largely sparked by persecution of the Luba in the rest of the Congo.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=86}} The South Kasai government was supported by {{lang|fr|[[Forminière]]}}, another Belgian mining company, which received concessions from the new state in return for financial support.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=86}} Without control over Katanga and South Kasai, the central government was deprived of approximately 40 percent of its revenues.{{sfn|Young|1966|p=35}}<br /> <br /> ===Foreign reaction and UN intervention===<br /> {{Further|Invasion of South Kasai}}<br /> {{See also|United Nations Operation in the Congo}}<br /> Disquiet about Belgium's support for the secessionist states led to calls within the [[United Nations]] (UN) to remove all Belgian troops from the country. The [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary General]] of the UN, [[Dag Hammarskjöld]], believed that the crisis would provide the organisation with a chance to demonstrate its potential as a major [[peacekeeping]] force and encouraged the sending of a multinational contingent of peacekeepers to the Congo under UN command.{{sfn|Freund|1998|p=201}} On 14 July, the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] adopted [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 143|Resolution 143]], calling for total Belgian withdrawal from the Congo and their replacement with a UN-commanded force.{{sfn|Gendebien|1967|p=159}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Swedish UN-soldier in Congo.jpg|thumb|A Swedish peacekeeping soldier in the Congo. The [[United Nations|UN]] deployed troops from a variety of nations during [[United Nations Operation in the Congo|ONUC]].]]<br /> The arrival of the [[United Nations Operation in the Congo]] (ONUC) was initially welcomed by Lumumba and the central government who believed the UN would help suppress the secessionist states.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=110–11}} ONUC's initial mandate, however, only covered the maintenance of law and order. Viewing the secessions as an internal political matter, Hammarskjöld refused to use UN troops to assist the central Congolese government against them; he argued that doing so would represent a loss of impartiality and breach Congolese sovereignty.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=116}} Lumumba also sought the assistance of the United States government of [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], which refused to provide unilateral military support.{{sfn|Gibbs|1991|pp=92–93}} Frustrated, he turned to the Soviet Union, which agreed to provide weapons, logistical and material support. Around 1,000 Soviet military advisors soon landed in the Congo.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=116}} Lumumba's actions distanced him from the rest of the government, especially Kasa-Vubu, who feared the implications of Soviet intervention. The Americans also feared that a Soviet-aligned Congo could form the basis of a major expansion of communism into central Africa.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=116}}<br /> <br /> With Soviet support, 2,000 ANC troops launched [[Invasion of South Kasai|a major offensive]] against South Kasai.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=114}} The attack was extremely successful, but during the course of the offensive, the ANC became involved in infighting between the Luba and [[Lulua people|Bena Lulua]] ethnic groups.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=114}} and perpetrated a number of large massacres of Luba civilians.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=114}} Around 3,000 were killed.{{sfn|Haskin|2005|p=26}} The violence of the advance caused an exodus of thousands of Luba civilians who fled their homes to escape the fighting.{{sfn|Haskin|2005|p=33}}<br /> <br /> The involvement of the Soviet Union alarmed the United States. The American government under Eisenhower, in line with Belgian criticism, had long believed that Lumumba was a communist and that the Congo could be on track to become a strategically placed Soviet [[client state]]. In August 1960, [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) agents in the region reported to their agency that &quot;Congo [is] experiencing [a] classic communist&amp;nbsp;... takeover&quot; and warned that the Congo might [[Cuban Revolution|follow the same path as Cuba]].{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=32}}<br /> <br /> ==Political disintegration==<br /> <br /> ===Central government split and first Mobutu coup===<br /> {{Further|Dissolution of the Lumumba Government}}<br /> [[File:College of Commissioners.jpg|thumb|Kasa-Vubu with the members of the College of Commissionaires-General, installed by Mobutu in September 1960|left]]<br /> Lumumba's appeal for Soviet support split the government and led to mounting pressure from Western countries to remove him from power. In addition, both Tshombe and Kalonji appealed to Kasa-Vubu, whom they believed to be both a moderate and federalist, to move against Lumumba's centralism and resolve the secession issue.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=108}} Meanwhile, Mobutu took effective control of the army, routing foreign aid and promotions to specific units and officers to secure their allegiance.{{sfn|Renton|Seddon|Zeilig|2007|p=113}}<br /> <br /> On 5 September 1960, Kasa-Vubu announced on national radio that he had unilaterally [[Dissolution of the Lumumba Government|dismissed Lumumba]], using the massacres in South Kasai as a pretext and with the promise of American backing.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=108}} [[Andrew W. Cordier|Andrew Cordier]], the American UN representative in the Congo, used his position to block communications by Lumumba's faction and to prevent a coordinated MNC-L reaction to the news.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=119}} Both chambers of Parliament, however, supported Lumumba and denounced Kasa-Vubu's action.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=108}} Lumumba attempted to dismiss Kasa-Vubu from his position, but could not get support for this, precipitating a constitutional crisis.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=108}} Ostensibly in order to resolve the deadlock, Joseph-Désiré Mobutu launched a bloodless coup and replaced both Kasa-Vubu and Lumumba with a [[College of Commissioners-General|College of Commissionaires-General]] (''Collège des Commissaires-généraux'') consisting of a panel of university graduates, led by [[Justin Marie Bomboko|Justin Bomboko]].{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=109}} Soviet military advisors were ordered to leave.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=117}} Allegedly, the coup was intended to force the politicians to take a cooling-off period before they could resume control. In practice, however, Mobutu sided with Kasa-Vubu against Lumumba, who was placed under house arrest, guarded by Ghanaian UN troops and an outer ring of ANC soldiers.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|pp=109–10}} Kasa-Vubu was re-appointed President by Mobutu in February 1961. From the coup onwards, Mobutu was able to exert considerable power in Congolese politics behind the scenes.{{sfn|Gendebien|1967|p=78}}{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=117}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Mobutu and Kasa-Vubu in 1961.jpg|thumb|Colonel Mobutu (left) pictured alongside President Kasa-Vubu in 1961]]<br /> Following Kasa-Vubu's reinstatement, there was an attempted rapprochement between the Congolese factions. Tshombe began negotiations for the end of the secession and the formation of a [[confederal]] Congo. Although a compromise agreement was reached, it was prevented from taking effect as negotiations broke down amid personal animosity between Kasa-Vubu and Tshombe.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=87}} An attempted reconciliation in July 1961 led to the formation of a new government, led by [[Cyrille Adoula]], which brought together deputies from both Lumumbist and South Kasai factions but failed to bring a reconciliation with Katanga.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=87}}<br /> <br /> Members of the MNC-L fled to Stanleyville where, led by [[Antoine Gizenga]], they formed [[Free Republic of the Congo|a rebel government]] in November 1960 in opposition to the central government in Léopoldville.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=87}}{{sfn|Gendebien|1967|p=87}} The Gizenga government was recognised by some states, including the Soviet Union and China, as the official government of the Congo and could call on an approximate 5,500 troops compared to the central government's 7,000.{{sfn|Haskin|2005|p=30}} Faced with UN pressure, the Gizenga government however collapsed in January 1962 after Gizenga was arrested.{{sfn|Gendebien|1967|p=205}}<br /> <br /> ===Killing of Lumumba===<br /> [[File:Protestno zborovanje v Mariboru ob umoru kongovskega predsednika Patricea Lumumbe 1961 (3).jpg|thumb|Pro-Lumumba demonstrators in [[Maribor]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] in February 1961|left]]<br /> Lumumba escaped house arrest and fled eastwards towards Stanleyville where he believed he could rally support. Pursued by troops loyal to Mobutu, he was captured at Lodi on 1 December 1960 and flown back to Léopoldville with his hands bound.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|pp=120–22}}{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=110}} Despite UN appeals to Kasa-Vubu for [[due process|due legal process]], the Soviet Union denounced the UN as responsible for the arrest and demanded his release. A meeting of the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] was called on 7 December 1960 to consider Soviet demands that the UN seek Lumumba's immediate release, his restoration to the head of the Congolese government and the disarming of Mobutu's forces. The pro-Lumumba resolution was defeated on 14 December 1960 by a vote of 8–2. Still in captivity, Lumumba was tortured and transported to [[Mbanza-Ngungu|Thysville]] and later to Katanga, where he was handed over to forces loyal to Tshombe.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=122}} On 17 January 1961, Lumumba was executed by Katangese troops near Élisabethville.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=111}}<br /> <br /> News of the execution, released on 13 February, provoked international outrage.{{sfn|Haskin|2005|p=29}} The Belgian Embassy in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] was attacked by protesters in [[Belgrade]], and violent demonstrations occurred in [[London]] and [[New York City|New York]].{{sfn|BBC|2005}} Shortly thereafter seven Lumumbists, including the first President of [[Orientale Province]], [[Jean-Pierre Finant]], were executed in South Kasai for &quot;crimes against the Luba nation&quot;. Gizenga's soldiers then shot 15 political prisoners in retaliation, including Lumumba's dissident Minister of Communications, [[Alphonse Songolo]].{{sfn|Young|2015|p=331}}<br /> <br /> ===United Nations escalation and the end of the Katangese secession===<br /> Since its initial resolution of July 1960, the UN had issued further resolutions calling for the total withdrawal of Belgian and mercenary forces from Katanga in progressively stronger terms. By 1961, ONUC comprised nearly 20,000 men.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=94}} Although their mandate prevented them from taking sides, ONUC had a mandate to arrest foreign mercenaries wherever they encountered them. In September 1961, an attempt to detain a group of Katangese mercenaries without violence during [[Operation Morthor]] went wrong and turned into a fire-fight.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=35}}{{efn|A similar mission, [[Operation Rum Punch]], had taken place a few weeks earlier and had resulted in the successful arrest of around 40 mercenaries without violence.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=35}} }} ONUC's claim to impartiality was undermined in mid-September when a company of Irish UN troops were captured by numerically superior Katangese forces following a [[Siege of Jadotville|six-day siege]] in [[Likasi|Jadotville]].{{efn|The Irish were compelled to surrender when their ammunition and supplies ran out. None were killed. The Katangese, though victorious, suffered hundreds of casualties.{{sfn|Whelan|2006|pp=8, 12}} }} Katanga proceeded to hold the Irishmen as prisoners of war, a development that deeply embarrassed the UN mission and its proponents.{{sfn|Whelan|2006|pp=8, 60–62}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Swedish soldiers advancing upon Kaminaville.jpg|thumb|Swedish ONUC troops advancing upon the town of [[Kamina]]]]<br /> On 18 September 1961, Hammarskjöld flew to [[Ndola]], just across the border in [[Northern Rhodesia]], to attempt to broker a [[cease-fire]] between UN and Katangese forces. [[1961 Ndola United Nations DC-6 crash|His aircraft crashed]] before landing at [[Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe International Airport (old)|Ndola Airport]], killing him and everybody else on board.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=36}} In stark contrast to Hammarskjöld's attempts to pursue a moderate policy in the Congo, his successor [[U Thant]] supported a more radical policy of direct involvement in the conflict.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=36}} Katanga released the captured Irish soldiers in mid-October as part of a cease-fire deal in which ONUC agreed to pull its troops back—a propaganda coup for Tshombe.{{sfn|Whelan|2006|pp=8, 60–62}} Restated American support for the UN mission, and the [[Kindu atrocity|murder of ten Italian UN pilots]] in [[Kindu|Port-Empain]] in November 1961, strengthened international demands to resolve the situation.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=36}} In April 1962, UN troops occupied South Kasai.{{sfn|Packham|1996|p=40}} On the night of 29/30 September 1962, South Kasai military commanders launched a coup d'état in Bakwanga against the Kalonjist regime.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=106}} On 5 October 1962, central government troops again arrived in Bakwanga to support the mutineers and help suppress the last Kalonjist loyalists, marking the end of South Kasai's secession.{{sfn|Willame|1972|p=68}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Kongo 1961 map en.png|thumb|left|Map of the factions in the Congo in 1961]]<br /> [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 169|Resolution 169]], issued in November 1961, called for ONUC to respond to the deteriorating human rights situation and prevent the outbreak of full-scale civil war. The resolution &quot;completely rejected&quot; Katanga's claim to statehood and authorised ONUC troops to use all necessary force to &quot;assist the Central Government of the Congo in the restoration and maintenance of law and order&quot;.{{sfn|UN Resolution 169}} The Katangese made further provocations and, in response, ONUC launched [[Operation Unokat]] to dismantle Katangese roadblocks and seize strategic positions around Élisabethville. Faced with international pressure, Tshombe signed the Kitona Declaration in December 1961 in which he agreed in principle to accept the authority of the central government and state constitution and to abandon any claim to Katangese independence.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=38}} Following the declaration, however, talks between Tshombe and Adoula reached a deadlock, while Katangese forces continued to harass UN troops. Diminishing support and Belgium's increasing reluctance to support Katanga demonstrated that the state could not survive indefinitely.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=36}} On 11 December 1962, Belgian foreign minister [[Paul-Henri Spaak]] declared that the Belgian government would support the UN or the central Congolese government should they attempt to end the Katangese secession through force.{{sfn|Packham|1996|p=194}}<br /> <br /> On 24 December 1962, UN troops and the [[Katangese Gendarmerie]] clashed near Élisabethville and fighting broke out. After attempts to reach a ceasefire failed, UN troops launched [[Operation Grandslam]] and occupied Élisabethville, prompting Tshombe to leave the country. A ceasefire was agreed upon soon thereafter. Indian UN troops, exceeding their orders, then occupied Jadotville, preventing Katangese loyalists from regrouping.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=40}} Gradually, the UN overran the rest of the Katanga and, on 17 January 1963, Tshombe surrendered his final stronghold of [[Kolwezi]], effectively ending the Katangese secession.{{sfn|Boulden|2001|p=40}}<br /> <br /> ===Attempted political reconciliation===<br /> [[File:Reconciliation stamp, Congo Léopoldville 1963.jpg|thumb|A 1963 [[postage stamp]] commemorating the &quot;reconciliation&quot; of the political factions in the Congo after the end of the Katangese secession]]<br /> Following the end of the Katanga secession, political negotiations began to reconcile the disparate political factions.{{sfn|EISA|2002a}} The negotiations coincided with the formation of an [[émigré]] political group, the ''[[Conseil National de Libération]]'' (CNL), by dissident Lumumbists and others in neighbouring [[Republic of the Congo|Congo-Brazzaville]].{{sfn|Haskin|2005|p=36}} The negotiations culminated in the creation of a new, revised constitution, known as the [[Luluabourg Constitution]], after [[Kananga|the city]] in which it was written, to create a compromise balance of power.{{sfn|EISA|2002a}} The new constitution increased [[presidential system|the power of the presidency]], ending the system of joint consultation between president and prime minister, and appeased federalists by increasing the number of provinces from six to 21 while increasing their autonomy.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=36}}{{sfn|EISA|2002a}} The constitution also changed the name of the state from the Republic of the Congo to Democratic Republic of the Congo.{{sfn|EISA|2002a}} It was ratified in [[1964 Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) constitutional referendum|a constitutional referendum]] in June 1964 and Parliament was dissolved to await new elections.{{sfn|EISA|2002a}} Kasa-Vubu appointed Tshombe, the exiled Katangese leader, as interim prime minister.{{sfn|Gleijeses|1994|p=74}} Although personally capable, and supported as an anti-communist by Western powers, Tshombe was denounced by other African leaders such as King [[Hassan II of Morocco]] as an imperialist puppet for his role in the Katangese secession.{{sfn|Gleijeses|1994|pp=73–74}}<br /> <br /> Under Tshombe's interim government, fresh elections were scheduled for 30 March and the rebellion broke out in the central and eastern parts of the Congo.{{sfn|EISA|2002a}}<br /> <br /> ==Kwilu and Simba rebellions==<br /> {{Main|Simba rebellion|Kwilu rebellion}}<br /> The period of political crisis had led to widespread disenchantment with the central government brought in by independence. Demands for a &quot;second independence&quot; from [[kleptocracy]] and political infighting in the capital grew.{{sfn|Freund|1998|p=202}} The &quot;second independence&quot; slogan was taken up by [[Maoism|Maoist-inspired]] Congolese revolutionaries, including [[Pierre Mulele]] who had served in the Lumumba government. The political instability of the Congo helped to channel wider discontentment into outright revolt.{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=348}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Simba offensive.svg|thumb|left|Map showing the territory controlled by the Simba (green) and Kwilu (yellow) rebels, 1964]]<br /> Disruption in the rural Congo begun with agitation by Lumumbists, led by Mulele, among the [[Pende people|Pende]] and [[Ambundu|Mbundu peoples]].{{sfn|Freund|1998|p=202}}{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=88}} By the end of 1963, there was unrest in regions of the central and eastern Congo. The [[Kwilu Rebellion]] broke out on 16 January 1964 in the cities of [[Idiofa]] and [[Gungu]] in [[Kwilu District|Kwilu Province]].{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=346}} Further disruption and uprisings then spread to [[Kivu]] in the east and later to [[Kalemie|Albertville]], sparking further insurrection elsewhere in the Congo and the outbreak of the larger [[Simba Rebellion]].{{sfn|Fox|De Craemer|Ribeaucourt|1965|p=78}}{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=346}} The rebels began to expand their territory and rapidly advance northwards, capturing Port-Émpain, Stanleyville, [[Isiro|Paulis]] and [[Lisala]] between July and August.{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=346}}<br /> <br /> The rebels, who called themselves &quot;Simbas&quot; (from the [[Swahili language|Kiswahili]] word for &quot;[[lion]]&quot;), had a populist but vague ideology, loosely based on communism, which prioritised equality and aimed to increase overall wealth.{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=349}} Most of the active revolutionaries were young men who hoped that the rebellion would provide them with opportunities which the government had not.{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=350}} The Simbas used [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]] to initiate members and believed that, by following a moral code, they could become invulnerable to bullets.{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=352}} Magic was also very important to the rebels who also made extensive use of [[witchcraft#Africa|witchcraft]] to protect themselves and also demoralise their ANC opponents.{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|pp=352–54}} As they advanced, the rebels perpetrated numerous massacres in the territory they captured in order to remove political opposition and terrorise the population.{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=355}} About 1,000 to 2,000 Westernized Congolese were murdered in Stanleyville alone, while the rebels initially left Whites and foreigners mostly alone.{{sfn|Stapleton|2017|p=244}} ONUC was in the process of withdrawing when the rebellions started and had only 5,500 personnel, most whom were deployed in the eastern part of the country and stranded by the conflict. Straggling Western missionaries retreated to their respective embassies, which in turn requested UN assistance.{{sfn|Horn|Harris|2001|p=310}} A small force of peacekeepers was assembled and subsequently dispatched to the Kwilu region to retrieve fleeing missionaries.{{sfn|Horn|Harris|2001|p=312}} Rescue operations continued throughout March and April and resulted in the successful recovery of over 100 missionaries.{{sfn|Horn|Harris|2001|p=316}}<br /> <br /> The rebels founded a state, the People's Republic of the Congo&lt;!--Do not link to [[People's Republic of the Congo]] which is about the state in Congo-Brazzaville---&gt; (''République populaire du Congo''), with its capital at Stanleyville and [[Christophe Gbenye]] as president. The new state was supported by the Soviet Union and China, which supplied it with arms, as did various African states, notably [[Tanzania]].{{sfn|Gleijeses|1994|p=81}} It was also supported by Cuba, which sent a team of over 100 advisors led by [[Che Guevara]] to advise the Simbas on tactics and doctrine.{{sfn|Gleijeses|1994|p=81}} The Simba rebellion coincided with a wide escalation of the Cold War amid the [[Gulf of Tonkin incident]] and it has been speculated that, had the rebellion not been rapidly defeated, a full-scale American military intervention could have occurred [[Vietnam War|as in Vietnam]].{{sfn|Gleijeses|1994|p=85}}<br /> <br /> === Suppression and Belgian and American intervention ===<br /> {{See also|Operation Dragon Rouge|Operation South}}<br /> [[File:Dragonrouge1.jpg|thumb|Belgian paratroopers on [[Bangoka International Airport|Stanleyville airfield]] shortly after Operation Dragon Rouge]]<br /> After its early string of successes, the Simba rebellion began to encounter local resistance as it encroached on areas outside of the MNC-L's old domain. The People's Republic also suffered from a lack of coherent social and economic policy, contributing to an inability to administer its own territory.{{sfn|Young|1966|p=40}} From the end of August 1964 the rebels began to lose ground to the ANC. Albertville and Lisala were recaptured in late August and early September.{{sfn|Verhaegen|1967|p=347}} Tshombe, backed by Mobutu, recalled many of his former mercenaries from the Katangese secession to oppose the Simba.{{sfn|Mockler|1986|pp=116–17}} Mercenaries, led by [[Mike Hoare|&quot;Mad Mike&quot; Hoare]] and mostly whites from central and southern Africa, were formed into a unit known as [[5 Commando (Congo)|5 Commando ANC]].{{sfn|Mockler|1986|pp=118–19}} The unit served as the spearhead of the ANC and were involved in unsanctioned killing, torture, looting and rapes in recaptured rebel areas. The mercenaries were also materially supported by the CIA.{{sfn|Gleijeses|1994|pp=79-80}}<br /> <br /> In November 1964, the Simbas rounded up the remaining white population of Stanleyville and its environs. The whites were held hostage in the Victoria Hotel in the city to use as bargaining tools with the ANC. In order to recover the hostages, Belgian [[1st Parachute Battalion (Belgium)|parachute troops]] were flown to the Congo in American aircraft to intervene. On 24 November, as part of [[Operation Dragon Rouge]], Belgian paratroopers landed in Stanleyville and quickly secured the hostages.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=136}} In total, around 70 hostages and 1,000 Congolese civilians were killed but the vast majority were evacuated.{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=138}} The Belgian troops were only under orders to liberate the hostages, rather than push the Simbas out of the city, but the attack nevertheless &quot;broke the back of the eastern insurrection, which never recovered.&quot;{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|p=136}} The Simba leadership went into exile in disarray and severe disagreement; Gbenye was shot in the shoulder by his general after dismissing him.{{sfn|Young|1966|p=40}} Meanwhile, the Belgian paratroopers and the civilians returned to their country. In the aftermath of the intervention, Belgium itself was publicly accused of [[neocolonialism]].{{sfn|Nzongola-Ntalaja|2007|pp=138–39}}<br /> <br /> As a result of the intervention, Tshombe lost the support of Kasa-Vubu and Mobutu and was dismissed from his post as prime minister in October 1965. Soon after ''Dragon Rouge'', ANC and mercenary troops captured Stanleyville, putting an end to the Simba rebellion. The Simba rebels executed 20,000 Congolese and 392 Western hostages, including 268 Belgians, during the rebellion. Tens of thousands of people were killed in total during the suppression of the Simbas.{{sfn|Olivier|2010|loc=[https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-democratic-republic-congozaire-1960-1997#title1 section 2]}} Pockets of Simba resistance continued to hold out in the eastern Congo, most notably in [[South Kivu]], where [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] led a Maoist cross-border insurgency which lasted until the 1980s.{{sfn|Gleijeses|1994|pp=84–85}}<br /> <br /> ==Second Mobutu coup d'état==<br /> {{See also|Second Mobutu coup d'état}}<br /> In the scheduled [[Democratic Republic of the Congo general election, 1965|March 1965 elections]], Tshombe's ''[[Congolese National Convention|Convention Nationale Congolaise]]'' (CONACO) won a large majority of the seats, but a large part of his party soon defected to form the new ''[[Front Démocratique Congolais (DRC)|Front Démocratique Congolais]]'' (FDC), making the overall result unclear as CONACO controlled the Chamber of Deputies while the FDC controlled the Senate. Kasa-Vubu, attempting to use the situation to block Tshombe, appointed an anti-Tshombe leader, [[Évariste Kimba]] of the FDC, to be prime minister-designate in November 1965, but the largely pro-Tshombe Parliament refused to ratify the appointment. Instead of seeking a compromise candidate, Kasa-Vubu again unilaterally declared Kimba to be prime minister, which was again rejected, creating a political deadlock. With the government in near-paralysis, Mobutu seized power in a bloodless coup, ostensibly to stop the impasse, on 25 November 1965.{{sfn|EISA|2002b}}<br /> <br /> Under the auspices of a ''régime d'exception'' (the equivalent of a [[state of emergency]]), Mobutu assumed sweeping, almost absolute, power for five years, after which, he claimed, democracy would be restored.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=233}} Mobutu's coup, which promised both economic and political stability, was supported by the United States and other Western governments, and his rule initially met widespread popularity.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=233}} He increasingly took other powers, abolishing the post of prime minister, in 1966, and dissolving Parliament, in 1967.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=233}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath and legacy==<br /> {{See also|Zaire}}<br /> [[File:Mobutu Nixon.jpg|thumb|Mobutu with [[Richard Nixon]] at the [[White House]] in 1973]]{{History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}<br /> Once established as the sole source of political power, Mobutu gradually consolidated his control in the Congo. The number of provinces was reduced, and their autonomy curtailed, resulting in a highly centralised state. Mobutu increasingly placed his supporters in the remaining positions of importance.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=233}} In 1967, to demonstrate his legitimacy, he created a party, the ''[[Popular Movement of the Revolution|Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution]]'' (MPR), which, until 1990, was the nation's only legal political party under Mobutu's new constitution.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=233}} In 1971, the state was renamed [[Zaire]] and efforts were made [[Authenticité (Zaire)|to remove all colonial influences]]. He also nationalised the remaining foreign-owned economic assets in the country, including the L'Union minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK) which became ''[[Gécamines]]''.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|pp=234–35}} Despite initial successes, by the time of its disestablishment Mobutu's rule was characterised by widespread [[cronyism]], corruption and economic mismanagement.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|pp=236–39}}<br /> <br /> In the years after the Congo Crisis, Mobutu was able to remove many opposition figures from the crisis who might threaten his control. Tshombe was sent into a second exile in 1965 after being accused of treason.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=140}} Between 1966 and 1967, [[Kisangani Mutinies|two mutinies in Stanleyville]] broke out involving up to 800 Katangese gendarmes and former mercenaries of Tshombe.{{sfn|Haskin|2005|pp=39–40}} The mutinies were eventually repressed. In 1967, Tshombe was sentenced to death ''[[Trial in absentia|in absentia]]'' and the same year was kidnapped in an [[aeroplane hijacking]] and held under arrest in Algeria. His death in 1969, allegedly from natural causes, has provoked speculation that the Mobutu government may have been involved.{{sfn|Zeilig|2008|p=140}} Mulele was also lured back to the Congo from exile by the promise of an amnesty but was tortured and murdered.{{sfn|Haskin|2005|p=40}}<br /> <br /> ===Political legacy===<br /> The issues of federalism, ethnicity in politics and state centralisation were not resolved by the crisis and partly contributed to a decline in support for the concept of the state among Congolese people.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=185}} Mobutu was strongly in favour of centralisation and one of his first acts, in 1965, was to reunify provinces and abolish much of their independent legislative capacity.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=117}} Subsequent loss of faith in central government is one of the reasons that the Congo has been labeled as a [[failed state]], and has contributed violence by factions advocating ethnic and localised federalism.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=185}}{{efn|Separatist movements in Katanga [[Katanga insurgency|have continued]] since the end of the Crisis. In the 1970s, two conflicts, known as [[Shaba I]] and [[Shaba II|II]], led by the ''[[Front for the National Liberation of the Congo|Front National pour la Libération du Congo]]'' (FNLC), attempted to use the chaos of the neighbouring [[Angolan Civil War]] to secede.{{sfn|Haskin|2005|pp=40–41}} After 2000, a further secessionist movement, led by the warlord [[Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga]] and his militia ''[[Mai Mai Kata Katanga|Kata Katanga]]'' (&quot;Secede Katanga&quot;), have attempted to defeat government forces and proclaim regional independence.{{sfn|Jullien|2013}}}} Local insurgencies continued in the eastern Congo into the 1980s and left a legacy of instability along the Congo's eastern borders.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|pp=88–89}} Laurent-Désiré Kabila, who had led an anti-Mobutu insurrection during the crisis, succeeded in deposing Mobutu. in 1997, and becoming president of the restored Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was succeeded by his son, [[Joseph Kabila]].{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=393}} Following the fall of Mobutu, Antoine Gizenga founded a political party, the ''[[Unified Lumumbist Party|Parti Lumumbiste Unifié]]'' (PALU), and was appointed prime minister following the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo general election, 2006|2006 general election]].{{sfn|Braeckman|2007}}<br /> <br /> The Congo Crisis holds great significance in the [[collective memory]] of the Congolese people.{{sfn|De Goede|2015|p=587}} In particular, Lumumba's murder is viewed in the context of the memory as a symbolic moment in which the Congo lost its dignity in the international realm and the ability to determine its future, which has since been controlled by the West.{{sfn|De Goede|2015|pp=587–588}} Many Congolese view the problems of the crisis as unresolved, and believe that the Congo's self-determination has yet to be secured from Western machinations. The latter notion has largely shaped the political aspirations of a substantial number of Congolese.{{sfn|De Goede|2015|p=589}}<br /> <br /> ===Historiography and historical controversy===<br /> The Congo Crisis is usually portrayed in historiography as a time of intense disorder and disarray; there is wide consensus that the processes around Congolese independence were a calamity. This interpretation often juxtaposes the crisis with the supposed stability of the Congo under Belgian rule before 1960 and under Mobutu's regime after 1965.{{sfn|Stanard|2018|pp=144, 146}} In Belgium, allegations of Belgian complicity in the killing of Lumumba led to a state-backed inquiry and subsequent official apology in 2001 for &quot;moral responsibility&quot;, though not direct involvement, in the assassination.{{sfn|BBC|2001}} Most academics have concluded that the United States intervened significantly in the crisis. The multi-volume official history of the American foreign service, ''[[Foreign Relations Series|Foreign Relations of the United States]]'', was accused by academic David N. Gibbs of deliberately diminishing American involvement.{{sfn|Gibbs|1996|pp=453, 458}}<br /> <br /> ==International importance==<br /> The turmoil of the Congo Crisis destabilised Central Africa and helped to ignite the [[Portuguese Colonial War]], especially the [[Angolan War of Independence|war of independence in neighbouring Angola]].{{sfn|Meredith|1984|pp=281–82}} Angolan nationalists had long had close ties with the Congo where many had lived as exiles. The ''[[National Liberation Front of Angola|União dos Povos de Angola]]'' (UPA),{{efn|The UPA was renamed the ''Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola'', or FNLA, in 1962.{{sfn|Meredith|1984|p=283}}}} an Angolan nationalist organisation which drew support from the Angolan Bakongo, was supporting ABAKO politicians who had hopes of rebuilding the Kingdom of Kongo, altering the borders established during the colonial period.{{sfn|Meredith|1984|pp=282–83}} Believing that the independence of Congo was the first stage in this process, the UPA launched the [[Baixa de Cassanje revolt]] in 1961, igniting the conflict in Angola that would last until 1974.{{sfn|Meredith|1984|pp=281}} The Congolese, later Zairian, governments continued to provide support to Angolan rebels and even participated directly in the subsequent [[Angolan Civil War]].{{sfn|Meredith|1984|p=297}}<br /> <br /> {{Quote box|width=246px|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote=The Congo crisis revealed in one fell swoop the true nature of the powers which shaped large parts of the post-war world. The crisis showed ''in actual practice'' the true nature, not only of the former colonial powers, but also of the United Nations, of the recently independent countries united in what was called the Afro-Asian bloc, as well as of Moscow|source= Sociologist [[Ludo De Witte]]{{sfn|De Witte|2002|p=181}}}}<br /> <br /> The crisis caused the newly independent African states to reconsider their allegiances and internal ties. In particular, it led to the division of African states into factions. Moderate-leaning states joined the [[Brazzaville Group]], which called for a degree of unity between Francophone African states and the maintenance of ties with France.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=149}} Radical states joined the [[Casablanca Group]] which called for a Pan-African federation.{{sfn|Turner|2007|p=149}} The chaotic violence of the crisis and the fate of the country's whites, many of whom entered Northern and [[Southern Rhodesia]] as refugees, contributed to the widespread belief among whites there that black nationalist politicians were not ready to govern, and prompted fears that immediate majority rule in Rhodesia might lead to a similar situation.{{sfn|Marmon|2021|p=24}} Operation Refugee, a mobilisation of white Rhodesians to assist the displaced Congolese whites, was organised in response to the crisis.{{sfn|Marmon|2021|pp=3–4}} After negotiations with Britain repeatedly broke down, Southern Rhodesia's predominantly white government [[Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence|declared independence unilaterally]] in 1965.{{sfn|Wood|2005|pp=101, 471}} It also drove European expatriates in the [[Central African Republic]] to support the increasing authoritarianism of [[David Dacko]]'s regime as a means of protecting their interests.{{sfn|Kalck|1971|p=124}} The disorder of Congolese independence was frequently invoked in diplomatic discussions of Sub-Saharan Africa throughout the remainder of the 1960s.{{sfn|Dietrich|2013|pp=242–243}}<br /> <br /> The Katangese secession would prove to be politically influential in Africa. During the [[Chadian Civil War (1965–79)|Chadian Civil War]] between 1965 and 1979, the ''[[FROLINAT|Front de Libération Nationale du Tchad]]'' (FROLINAT) explicitly rejected secessionism in its bid to remove the southern-backed government of [[François Tombalbaye]] following the experience of the Katanga secession, officially stating that &quot;there will be no Katanga in Chad&quot;.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=98}} In the [[Nigerian Civil War]], between 1967 and 1970, the [[Igbo people|ethnically Igbo]] region of [[Biafra]] seceded from [[Nigeria]], which it accused of privileging the interests of northern ethnic groups and discriminating against the Igbo. The secessions of Biafra and Katanga have frequently been compared in academic writing.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|p=82}} Unlike Katanga, Biafra achieved limited official international recognition and rejected the support of Western multinational companies involved in the local oil industry. Biafra was defeated in 1970 and re-integrated into Nigeria.{{sfn|Nugent|2004|pp=89, 96–97}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Africa}}<br /> * [[First Congo War]] (1996–1997)<br /> * [[History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br /> * &quot;[[Indépendance Cha Cha]]&quot; – a 1960 song by [[Le Grand Kallé]] commemorating Congolese independence<br /> * ''[[The Poisonwood Bible]]'' (1998) – a novel by [[Barbara Kingsolver]] set during the crisis<br /> * [[Second Congo War]] (1998–2003)<br /> * [[Wind of Change (speech)]] by [[Harold Macmillan]], 1960<br /> * [[Year of Africa]] (1960)<br /> * [[List of Swedish peacekeeping missions]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> === Explanatory footnotes ===<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> === Citations ===<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> === General and cited references ===<br /> {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} <br /> * {{cite news|ref={{harvid|BBC|2005}}|title=1961: Lumumba Rally Clashes with UK Police |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/19/newsid_2748000/2748931.stm|access-date=8 July 2014|work=On This Day |publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=19 February 2008}}<br /> * {{cite news|ref={{harvid|BBC|2001}}|title=Belgium link in Lumumba death|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1660615.stm|access-date=11 July 2014 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=16 November 2001}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Boulden|first1=Jane|title=Peace Enforcement: The United Nations Experience in Congo, Somalia, and Bosnia|date=2001 |publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=0275969061|edition=1st}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Borstelmann|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas Borstelmann|title=Apartheid, Colonialism, and the Cold War: the United States and Southern Africa, 1945–1952 |year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0195079426}}<br /> * {{cite news|last=Braeckman|first=Colette|title=Antoine Gizenga ou la revanche de l'histoire |url=http://blog.lesoir.be/colette-braeckman/2007/01/02/antoine-gizenga-ou-la-revanche-de-lhistoire/ |publisher=[[Le Soir]]|date=2 January 2007 |access-date=8 July 2014}}<br /> * {{cite journal| last=Dietrich| first=Christopher R. W.| title='The Sustenance of Salisbury' in the era of Decolonization: The Portuguese Politics of Neutrality and the Rhodesian Oil Embargo, 1965–7| journal=The International History Review| volume=35| issue=2| pages=235–255| date=2013| doi=10.1080/07075332.2012.742447| s2cid=153867936}}<br /> * {{cite book| last=Dorn| first=A. Walter| author-link=Walter Dorn| title=Air Power in UN Operations: Wings for Peace| publisher=[[Routledge]]| series=Military Strategy and Operational Art| date=2016| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sw7PCwAAQBAJ| isbn=9781317183396}}<br /> * {{cite book |chapter=Democratic Republic of Congo |title=Compendium of Elections in Southern Africa |year=2002 |editor1=Tom Lodge |editor2=Denis Kadima |editor3=David Pottie |publisher=Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa (EISA)}}<br /> ** {{harvc|author=EISA|anchor-year=2002a|c=DRC: Background to the 1965 election|pages=65–66|in1=Tom Lodge |in2=Denis Kadima |in3=David Pottie |year=2002 |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/drc-background-1965-election|access-date=8 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725053318/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/drc-background-1965-election|archive-date=25 July 2014}}<br /> ** {{harvc|author=EISA|anchor-year=2002b|c=DRC: Constitutional Crisis between Kasavubu and Tshombe |pages=67–68 |in1=Tom Lodge |in2=Denis Kadima |in3=David Pottie |year=2002 |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/drc-constitutional-crisis-between-kasavubu-and-tshombe |access-date=8 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725065303/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/drc-constitutional-crisis-between-kasavubu-and-tshombe|archive-date=25 July 2014}}<br /> * {{cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=Renee C.|author-link=Renée Fox|last2=De Craemer|first2=Willy|last3=Ribeaucourt|first3=Jean-Marie|title=&quot;The Second Independence&quot;: A Case Study of the Kwilu Rebellion in the Congo|journal=[[Comparative Studies in Society and History]]|date=October 1965|volume=8|issue=1|pages=78–109 |jstor=177537|doi=10.1017/s0010417500003911|s2cid=145504330}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Freund|first1=Bill|author-link=Bill Freund (historian) |title=The Making of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African Society since 1800 |year=1998 |publisher=Palgrave-Macmillan |location=Basingstoke |isbn=9780333698723 |edition=2nd |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/makingofcontempo0002freu_n4u0}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Gendebien|first1=Paul-Henry|title=L'Intervention Des Nations Unies Au Congo. 1960–1964|year=1967|publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin|isbn=9783111137872}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Gibbs|first=David N.|title=The Political Economy of Third World Intervention: Mines, Money, and U.S. Policy in the Congo Crisis|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgN64EXv8mgC|isbn=9780226290713}}<br /> * {{cite journal|last1=Gibbs|first1=David N.|title=Misrepresenting the Congo Crisis|journal=[[African Affairs]]|date=July 1996 |volume=95 |issue=380|pages=453–9|jstor=723578 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007743}}<br /> * {{cite journal|last1=Gleijeses|first1=Piero|title=&quot;Flee! The White Giants Are Coming!&quot;: The United States, the Mercenaries, and the Congo, 1964–65|journal=Diplomatic History|date=April 1994|volume=18|issue=2|pages=207–37|issn=0145-2096 |url=https://ohiostatepress.org/Books/Complete%20PDFs/Hahn%20Empire/05.pdf|doi=10.1111/j.1467-7709.1994.tb00611.x|access-date=13 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121002623/https://ohiostatepress.org/books/Complete%20PDFs/Hahn%20Empire/05.pdf|archive-date=21 January 2018|url-status=dead}}<br /> * {{cite journal| last=De Goede| first=Meike J.| title='Mundele, it is because of you' History, Identity and the Meaning of Democracy in the Congo| journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies| volume=53| issue=4| pages=583–609| date=December 2015| doi=10.1017/S0022278X15000786| s2cid=232343835| id={{ProQuest|1729455898}}}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Gondola|first1=Didier|title=The History of Congo|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood|location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=9780313316968|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313316968}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Haskin|first=Jeanne M.|title=The Tragic State of the Congo: From Decolonization to Dictatorship|year=2005 |location=New York |publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=0875864163}}<br /> * {{cite book| editor-last = Horn| editor-first = Bernd| editor-last2 = Harris|editor-first2=Stephen John| title = Warrior Chiefs: Perspectives on Senior Canadian Military Leaders| publisher = Dundurn|edition=illustrated|date=2001|url = {{google books|aMDHWWp6hdUC|plainurl=y}}| isbn = 9781550023510}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Iandolo |first1=Alessandro |date=14 May 2012 |title=The rise and fall of the 'Soviet Model of Development' in West Africa, 1957–64 |url=https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/modules/hi277/programme/t1w8/iandolo_soviet_model_of_development.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119001243/https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/modules/hi277/programme/t1w8/iandolo_soviet_model_of_development.pdf |archive-date=19 November 2023 |url-status=live |journal=[[Cold War History (journal)|Cold War History]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=683–704 |doi=10.1080/14682745.2011.649255 |s2cid=154159207 |access-date=4 May 2023 |s2cid-access=free}}<br /> * {{cite news|last1=Jullien|first1=Maud |title=Katanga: Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23422038|access-date=11 July 2014|work=BBC Africa|agency=BBC|date=11 August 2013}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Kalck|first=Pierre|others=translated by Barbara Thomson|year=1971|title=Central African Republic: A Failure in De-Colonisation|publisher=Pall Mall Press|location=[[London]]|isbn=0-269-02801-3}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Marmon |first1=Brooks |date=4 August 2021 |title=Operation Refugee: the Congo Crisis and the end of humanitarian imperialism in Southern Rhodesia, 1960 |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/84772/Marmon_Operation_2022.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119003400/https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/84772/Marmon_Operation_2022.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |url-status=live |archive-date=19 November 2023 |journal=[[Cold War History (journal)|Cold War History]] |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=131–152 |doi=10.1080/14682745.2021.1933950 |s2cid=238771239 |access-date=30 December 2022 |hdl=2263/84772 |hdl-access=free }}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Meredith|first=Martin|author-link=Martin Meredith|title=The First Dance of Freedom: Black Africa in the Postwar Era|year=1984|publisher=Hamish Hamilton|location=London|isbn=9780241113400|edition=1st US}}<br /> * {{cite news|last1=Mockler|first1=Anthony|title=Soldiers of Fortune: 5 Commando, the Congo 1964–65|agency=The Elite|volume=1|issue=6|journal=[[Orbis (journal)|Orbis]]|year=1986|pages=116–120|issn=0030-4387}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Mwakikagile|first1=Godfrey|title=Statecraft and Nation Building in Africa: A Post-colonial Study|year=2014|publisher=New Africa Press|location=Dar es Salaam|isbn=9789987160396}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Nugent|first=Paul|title=Africa since Independence: A Comparative History|publisher=Palgrave-MacMillan|year=2004|location=New York|isbn=9780333682739|url=https://archive.org/details/africasinceindep0000nuge|url-access=registration|via=the Internet Archive}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Nzongola-Ntalaja|first=Georges|author-link=Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja|title=The Congo, From Leopold to Kabila: A People's History|url=https://archive.org/details/congofromleopold00geor|url-access=registration|year=2007|publisher=Palgrave|location=New York|isbn=9781842770535|edition=3rd}}<br /> * {{cite web|last1=Olivier|first1=Lanotte|title=Chronology of the Democratic Republic of Congo/Zaire (1960–1997) |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-democratic-republic-congozaire-1960-1997|website=Mass Violence and Resistance – Research Network |publisher=Paris Institute of Political Studies|date=2010-04-06 |access-date=18 November 2023|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712101608/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-democratic-republic-congozaire-1960-1997#title1|url-status=live}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Packham|first=Eric S.|title=Freedom and Anarchy|publisher=Nova Publishers|edition=illustrated|year=1996|url={{google books|oVMV3YxfhrkC|plainurl=y}}|isbn=9781560722328}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Pakenham|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas Pakenham (historian)|title=[[The Scramble for Africa (book)|The Scramble for Africa: the White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912]]|year=1992 |publisher=Abacus|location=London|isbn=9780349104492|edition=13th}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Renton|first1=David |last2=Seddon |first2=David |last3=Zeilig|first3=Leo|title=The Congo: Plunder and Resistance |year=2007 |publisher=Zed Books|location=London|isbn=9781842774854}}<br /> * {{cite journal| last = Stanard| first = Matthew G.| title = Revisiting Bula Matari and the Congo Crisis: Successes and Anxieties in Belgium's Late Colonial State| journal = [[The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History]]| volume = 46| issue = 1| pages = 144–168| date = 2018| doi = 10.1080/03086534.2017.1390895| s2cid = 159876371}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Struelens|first1=Michel|author-link=Michel Struelens|title=The United Nations in the Congo, Or O.N.U.C., and International Politics|year=1978|publisher=Max Arnold|location=Brussels|oclc=2618699|edition=1st}}<br /> *{{cite book |last=Stapleton |first=Tim |chapter=Refugee-warriors and other people's wars in post-colonial Africa: the experience of Rwandese and South African military exiles (1960–94) |editor-last1=Falola |editor-first1=Toyin |editor-last2=Mbah |editor-first2=Emmanuel |title=Dissent, Protest and Dispute in Africa |publisher=Routledge |date=2017 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-138-22003-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCklDwAAQBAJ |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301191523/https://books.google.com/books?id=BCklDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Turner|first1=Thomas|title=The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth, and Reality|year=2007|publisher=Zed Books|location=London|isbn=9781842776889|edition=2nd|url=https://archive.org/details/congowarsconflic00turn_0|url-access=registration|via=the Internet Archive}}<br /> * {{cite web|ref={{harvid|UN Resolution 169}}|last1=United Nations Security Council|title=UN Resolution 169 |url=https://www.un.org/docs/scres/try/scres61.htm|website=United Nations Documents|access-date=8 July 2014}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Verhaegen |first1=Benoît |title=Les rébellions populaires au Congo en 1964 |journal=[[Cahiers d'études africaines]] |year=1967 |volume=7 |issue=26 |pages=345–59 |issn=0008-0055 |url=http://www.persee.fr/articleAsPDF/cea_0008-0055_1967_num_7_26_3100/article_cea_0008-0055_1967_num_7_26_3100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151406/http://www.persee.fr/articleAsPDF/cea_0008-0055_1967_num_7_26_3100/article_cea_0008-0055_1967_num_7_26_3100.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=2015-09-24|doi=10.3406/cea.1967.3100}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Whelan|first=Michael|title=The Battle of Jadotville: Irish Soldiers in Combat in the Congo 1961|year=2006 |url=http://source.southdublinlibraries.ie/bitstream/10599/4927/2/The%20battle%20of%20Jadotville.pdf|publisher=South Dublin Libraries |location=Dublin|isbn=9780954766061}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Willame|first=Jean-Claude|author-link=Jean-Claude Willame|title=Patrimonialism and Political Change in the Congo|year=1972|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford|isbn=0-8047-0793-6|url=https://archive.org/details/patrimonialismpo0000will|url-access=registration}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=De Witte|first=Ludo|author-link=Ludo De Witte|title=The Assassination of Lumumba|year=2002|publisher=Verso |location=London |isbn=1859844103|edition=Trans.}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Wood|first=J. R. T.|title=So Far and No Further! Rhodesia's Bid For Independence During the Retreat From Empire 1959–1965 |year=2005|publisher=[[Trafford Publishing]]|location=Victoria, British Columbia|isbn=9781412049528}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Young|first=Crawford|author-link=M. Crawford Young|title=Politics in Congo: Decolonization and Independence|publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2015 |url={{google books|F0LWCgAAQBAJ|plainurl=y}} |isbn=9781400878574|edition=reprint}}<br /> * {{cite journal|last=Young|first=Crawford|title=Post-Independence Politics in the Congo|journal=Transition| issue=26|pages=34–41 |publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1966|jstor=2934325 |doi=10.2307/2934325}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Zeilig|first1=Leo|title=Lumumba: Africa's Lost Leader|year=2008|publisher=[[Haus Publishing|Haus]]|location=London|isbn=9781905791026}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{cite book|last=Gérard-Libois|first=Jules|author-link=Jules Gérard-Libois|title=Katanga Secession|date=1966|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison|others=Trans. Young, Rebecca|oclc=477435}}<br /> * {{cite journal|last=Hughes|first=Matthew|title=Fighting for White Rule in Africa: The Central African Federation, Katanga, and the Congo Crisis, 1958–1965|journal=The International History Review|date=September 2003|volume=25|issue=3|pages=592–615|jstor=40109400|doi=10.1080/07075332.2003.9641007|s2cid=154862276|url=http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/1176/3/Hughes_IHR.pdf}}<br /> * {{cite journal|last=Kaplan|first=Lawrence S.|title=The United States, Belgium, and the Congo Crisis of 1960|journal=The Review of Politics|date=April 1967|volume=29|issue=2|pages=239–256|jstor=1405667|doi=10.1017/s0034670500023949|s2cid=146425671 }}<br /> * Loffman, R. A. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-17380-7_7 &quot;Religion, Class and the Katangese Secession, 1957–1962&quot;]. In ''Church, State and Colonialism in Southeastern Congo, 1890–1962'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).<br /> *{{cite book|last=Namikas|first=Lise|title=Battleground Africa: Cold War in the Congo, 1960–1965|date=2013|publisher=Woodrow Wilson Center Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8047-8486-3}}<br /> * O’Malley, Alanna. ''The diplomacy of decolonisation: America, Britain and the United Nations during the Congo crisis 1960–1964'' (2018).<br /> * Passemiers, Lazlo. ''Decolonisation and Regional Geopolitics: South Africa and the ‘Congo Crisis’, 1960–1965'' (Routledge, 2019).<br /> * {{cite journal|last=Weiss|first=Herbert|title=The Congo's Independence Struggle Viewed Fifty Years Later|journal=African Studies Review|date=April 2012|volume=55|issue=1|pages=109–115|jstor=41804131|doi=10.1017/s0034670500023949|s2cid=146425671 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Congo Crisis}}<br /> * [https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/congo-decolonization The Congo, Decolonization, and the Cold War, 1960–1965] at [[United States Department of State]]<br /> * [http://web.mit.edu/cascon/cases/case_con.html Congo (Katanga) 1960–63] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT)<br /> <br /> {{Congo Crisis footer}}<br /> {{DR Congo conflicts footer}}<br /> {{DRC topics}}<br /> {{Navboxes|list1={{Cold War}}<br /> {{Cuban conflicts}}<br /> {{Che Guevara}}<br /> {{Military of India}}}}<br /> {{African coups d'état}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Congo Crisis| ]]<br /> [[Category:Civil wars of the 20th century]]<br /> [[Category:Cold War conflicts]]<br /> [[Category:Constitutional crises]]<br /> [[Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relations]]<br /> [[Category:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union]]<br /> [[Category:Government crises]]<br /> [[Category:Mercenary warfare]]<br /> [[Category:Mobutu Sese Seko]]<br /> [[Category:Proxy wars]]<br /> [[Category:Separatism in Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Separatist rebellion-based civil wars]]<br /> [[Category:State of Katanga]]<br /> [[Category:Civil wars in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving Belgium]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving Cuba]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving the Ethiopian Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving India]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving Ireland]]<br /> [[Category:Wars involving Sweden]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindusthan_Samachar&diff=502845 2026-01-27T19:10:13Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian news agency}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{COI|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{third-party|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{primary sources|date=June 2015}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = Hindusthan Samachar<br /> | caption = <br /> | romanized = <br /> | former type = <br /> | type = Multi Lingual News Agency<br /> | industry = [[News media]]<br /> | foundation = 1948<br /> | founder = [[S. S. Apte]]<br /> | location_city = M-6, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi - 110001, <br /> | location_country = [[India]]<br /> | locations = <br /> | key_people = [[Arvind Bhalchandra Mardikar]] - Chairman<br /> | Editor-in-Chief = <br /> | services = <br /> | operating_income = <br /> | equity = <br /> | owner = <br /> | num_employees = <br /> | divisions = <br /> | subsid = <br /> | homepage = https://hindusthansamachar.in/<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | intl = <br /> }}<br /> '''Hindusthan Samachar''' is the first multilingual news agency in [[India]], subscribed by more than 200 newspapers and almost all the news channels including [[Doordarshan]] (DD).<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Hindusthan Samachar was founded in 1948 by [[S. S. Apte]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Founders of VHP | publisher = Vishwa Hindu Parishad (UK) | date = | url = http://vhp.org.uk/vhpuk/about-vhp/founders-vh/ | format = | doi = | accessdate = 9 September 2014 | archive-date = 8 August 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140808142135/http://vhp.org.uk/vhpuk/about-vhp/founders-vh/ | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = About Us | publisher = Hindustan Samachar | date = | url = http://mh.hindusthansamachar.com/static/about.aspx | format = | doi = | accessdate = 9 September 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; offering its services in 15 languages: [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Oriya language|Odia]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. In 1951, the [[Government of Bihar]] subscribed to Hindusthan Samachar, followed by many states in India. [[All India Radio]] and [[Radio Nepal]] were once subscribers. It was registered as a cooperative society in 1956.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-27 |title=What is Hindusthan Samachar, the RSS-linked newswire service that will provide content to Doordarshan and AIR? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/hindusthan-samachar-rss-linked-newswire-doordarshan-air-8469647/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A year after a [[The Emergency (India)|state of emergency]] was declared in India in 1975, Hindusthan Samachar was merged with [[Press Trust of India]], [[United News of India]] and Samachar Bharati to form the media monopoly [[Samachar]].<br /> <br /> Hindusthan Samachar was relaunched by Shrikant Joshi after 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Present ==<br /> At present, Hindusthan Samachar has 22 news bureaus and 600 correspondents spread across the country. It offers its services in 12 languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> #{{cite book|last=Shrivastava|first=K. M.|title=News Agencies from Pigeon to Internet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MHujEBLJcvIC|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|year=2007|isbn=9781932705676}}<br /> #{{cite book|last=Mehta|first=D. S.|title=Mass Communication and Journalism in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlR3YT37aZsC|publisher=Allied Publishers|year=1979|isbn=9788170233534}}<br /> #{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Keval J.|title=Mass Communication in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECF7hjnZWfcC|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|year=2000|isbn=9788172243739}}<br /> #{{cite book|last=Aggarwal|first=S. K.|title=Media Credibility|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDmn6LI_ZDEC|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1989|isbn=9788170991571}}<br /> #{{cite book|last=Kanung|first=Chitra|title=Freedom Under Assault|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1a2RAAAAMAAJ|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation| year=2001|pages=114|isbn=9788176482264}}<br /> #{{cite book|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Derek |title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzisCQAAQBAJ|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781136798634}}<br /> #{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Diwakar|title=Mass Communication: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ePXdIGYe6oC|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications|year=2004|isbn=9788176295079}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *[http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?214324 Noise In The Wires, Outlook India, 21 January 2002]<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141011203502/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/at-90-rss-is-eyeing-a-major-makeover/article1-1274400.aspx Best of times for the RSS, it aims for makeover at 90, Hindustan Times, 12 October 2014]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://hindusthansamachar.in/ Hindustan Samachar (Hindi)]<br /> * [https://english.hindusthansamachar.in/ Hindustan Samachar (English)]<br /> <br /> {{News agencies}}<br /> {{Media of India}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Journalism|India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mass media companies established in 1948]]<br /> [[Category:News agencies based in India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{india-org-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amauna,_Araria&diff=485859 2026-01-21T13:07:11Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: Added a stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Amauna<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|type:event|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Araria district|Araria]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 5502<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/221637-amauna-bihar.html|title=Census 2011, Amauna village Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Regional<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Amauna''' is a village located in the [[Forbesganj]] Block of [[Araria district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Araria district]]<br /> <br /> {{Araria-geo-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhandirvan,_Vrindavan&diff=490816 2026-01-19T06:51:06Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: Added info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Religious site in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Bhandirvan <br /> | other_name = Bhandirban<br /> | nicknames = Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali<br /> | settlement_type = [[Village]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | elevation_m = 189<br /> | government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]<br /> | governing_body = Mant Gram Panchayat<br /> | image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br /> | photo1a = Radha Krishna Bhandirvan (cropped).jpg <br /> | photo1b = Vanshivat tree.jpg<br /> | photo2a = Radha Krishna Bhandirvan 2.jpg<br /> | spacing = 2<br /> | position = center<br /> | color_border = white<br /> | color = black<br /> | size = 266<br /> | foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top:''' <br /> Radha Bhandir Bihari temple, Vanshivat tree, Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali temple}}<br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> |coordinates={{coord|27.65594|77.70737|type:landmark_region:IN-UP|display=inline,title}}<br /> | population_demonym = Braj wasi<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Braj Bhasha]] <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +05:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 281202<br /> | area_code = 0565<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code <br /> }} <br /> '''Bhandirvan''' is an ancient religious site in [[Mant Tehsil]] of [[Mathura district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. The site is associated with the legends of Hindu god [[Krishna]] and goddess [[Radha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=जोशी 'शतायु' |first1=अनिरुद्ध |title=ये चार चमत्कारिक वट वृक्ष, नहीं होते कभी नष्ट । holy tree of hinduism |url=https://hindi.webdunia.com/sanatan-dharma-history/holy-tree-of-india-117011000052_1.html |accessdate=10 August 2020 |work=hindi.webdunia.com |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=आज भी गुनगुनाता है वंशीवट का वटवृक्ष |url=https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/mukhye-dharmik-sthal-10251.html |accessdate=10 August 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=जहां मौजूद हैं राधा-कृष्ण के विवाह के साक्ष्य |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/other-news/where-there-is-evidence-of-the-marriage-of-radha-krishna/articleshow/50891395.cms |accessdate=11 August 2020 |work=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=मथुरा: छाँहरी में बनाया पिंक सखी बूथ महिलाओ मतदाताओ के लिए बना आकर्षण का केंद्र - Oneindia Hindi |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/videos/mathura-2022-feb-10-1644477699665124359-2468594.html |access-date=10 June 2022 |work=hindi.oneindia.com |date=n.d. |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Transport == <br /> Bhandirvan forest is situated in Mathura district which is about 30 kilometres away from [[Mathura]] city and 10 kilometres away from [[Vrindavan]] city. Private vehicles are available from Vrindavan to visit Bhandirvan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=राधा-कृष्ण के विवाह का साक्षी है भांडीरवन |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-bhandir-van-radha-krishna-marrieg-place-18083791.html |accessdate=15 August 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Main attraction == <br /> Bhandirvan is very popular among [[Radha Krishna]] devotees.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=जहां मौजूद हैं राधा-कृष्ण के विवाह के साक्ष्य |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/other-news/where-there-is-evidence-of-the-marriage-of-radha-krishna/articleshow/50891395.cms |accessdate=11 August 2020 |work=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is known for religious sites ''[[Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali, Bhandirvan|Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali]]'' where marriage of Radha Krishna was performed by god [[Brahma]] and ''Vanshivat'' which is associated with the legend of [[Krishna]] playing flute to call [[Radha]] and [[Gopis]] to perform [[Raslila|Maharaas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=वंशीवट, भांडीरवन|journal=hi.krishnakosh.org|url=https://hi.krishnakosh.org/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9F,_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8|language=hi|archive-date=11 July 2020|access-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711055329/http://hi.krishnakosh.org/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9F,_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=भांडीरवन में भीड़ रोकने को तैनात होगा पुलिस बल |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/mathura/story-police-force-will-be-deployed-to-stop-the-mob-in-bhandirvan-3357182.html |accessdate=11 August 2020 |work=Hindustan |language=hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Janmashtmi 2020: जानिए उस स्थल के बारे में जहां लिये थे राधा− कृष्ण ने फेरे, आज भी मौजूद हैं प्रमाण |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-shri-krishna-janmashtmi-2020-know-about-marriage-place-of-radha-krishna-in-braj-jagran-special-20605338.html |accessdate=11 August 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=राधा और कृष्ण का हुआ था विवाह, साक्ष्य हैं मौजूद, देखें वीडियो |url=https://www.patrika.com/mathura-news/radha-krishna-married-evidence-exists-4999163/ |accessdate=11 August 2020 |work=Patrika News |language=hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Barsana]]<br /> * [[Gokul]]<br /> * [[Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh|Nandgaon]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Mathura district]]<br /> [[Category:Mathura district]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itham&diff=504837 2026-01-07T18:12:20Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: starting first stub w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{One source|date=November 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Itham<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = Itham tui<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Manipur#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = left<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Manipur, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|24|44|26|N|94|20|25|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Kamjong]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]<br /> | governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 240<br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Tangkhul language|Tangkhul]] <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 795142<br /> | registration_plate = MN <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Ukhrul]] [[Imphal]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = 93.85%<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = Outer Manipur<br /> | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank4_info_sec1 = [[Phungyar]]<br /> | website = {{URL|manipur.gov.in}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Itham''' originally and locally called '''Nungha''' is an under-populated [[Tangkhul people|Tangkhul]] village in [[Kamjong District]], [[Manipur]] state, [[India]]. It was previously under Ukhrul District. The village falls under [[Kasom]] subdivision. The village can be connected by National Highway 102A that connects Ramva̱ (Lambui)-Yairipok via Hongbei village. Also, it connects Imphal via Nongdam village. Itham share boundaries with Tangkhul Hundung village in the north, [[Bohoram ]] village in the east and south and Nongdam village in the west. It is situated 16km away from kasom khullen sub-district headquarter and approximately 60 km away from Ukhrul headquarter with the route passing through Lungphu, Shingta, Marou, Shingkap and Tangkhul Hundung village. The village is well known for its fresh organic vegetable shops by the roadside with no shopkeeper. <br /> <br /> __TOC__<br /> ==Total population== <br /> According to 2011 census,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/270542-itham-manipur.html|title=Itham|publisher=Census 2011|access-date=2019-11-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Itham comprises 48 households with the total of 240 people. The average sex ratio of the village is 1087 female to 1000 male which is higher than Manipur state average of 985. Literacy rate of Itham is 93.85% with male literacy rate at 96.84% and female literacy rate at 91%.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}<br /> <br /> ==People and occupation==<br /> Itham is a Christian village. The village is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe. The people are friendly. While agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitants, the village has produced fairly good number of white-collar job workers and educated youths. Locally, the inhabitants speak Itham dialect, yet the younger generation also commonly speak Tangkhul dialect. The village is known in the district for its reserve natural environment, flora and fauna and also for natural streams. It has large densely forested areas with rich population of wild animals and birds. Very commonly sighting are the wild-boars, variety of wild cats, porcupines, squirrels, jungle fowl, wild chickens and variety of birds. <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Ukhrul district]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ganeshganj_railway_station&diff=499792 2025-12-24T22:31:45Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: creating basic stub from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Railway station in Madhya Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = Ganeshganj<br /> | type = [[Indian Railways]] station<br /> | style = Indian Railways<br /> | image = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | address = Patharia, [[Ganeshganj]], [[Damoh district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23.895862|79.074633|format=dms|display=inline}}<br /> | line = [[Bina–Katni line]]<br /> | other = <br /> | elevation = {{convert|424|m|ft}}<br /> | structure = Standard (on ground)<br /> | platform = 2<br /> | depth = <br /> | levels = <br /> | tracks = Triple Electric-Line<br /> | parking = Yes<br /> | bicycle = <br /> | opened = <br /> | closed = <br /> | rebuilt = <br /> | electrified = Yes<br /> | accessible = <br /> | code = {{Indian railway code<br /> | code = GAJ<br /> | zone = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]<br /> | division = {{rwd|Jabalpur}}<br /> }}<br /> | owned = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]<br /> | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways<br /> |line=West Central Railway zone|left=Dangidhar|right=Patharia|type=[[Bina–Katni line]]}}<br /> | status = Functioning<br /> | former = <br /> | passengers = <br /> | pass_year = <br /> | pass_percent = <br /> | pass_system = <br /> | mpassengers = <br /> | map_locator = <br /> | map_type = India Madhya Pradesh#India<br /> | map_dot_label = <br /> | map_size = 300<br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> | mapframe-caption = Interactive map<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ganeshganj railway station''' is a railway station in located on [[Bina–Katni line|Bina–Katni railway line]] operated by the [[West Central Railway]] under [[Jabalpur railway division]]. It is situated at [[Patharia]], [[Ganeshganj]] in [[Damoh district]] in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GaneshGanj Railway Station Map/Atlas WCR/West Central Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/ganeshganj-gaj/1319 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Katni Bina line was established in 1923. It was started with a [[Single-track railway|single track]] which was later converted to [[double track]] in 1982. It got electrified during 1994–95.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=History of Indian Railways from 1853 to Present |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/history-of-indian-railways-1644394598-1 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brief on Railway Electrification |url=https://st2.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya0/0/8/0/5/1242805/0/welcometoofficialwebsiteofcore.pdf |access-date=24 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Railway stations in Madhya Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Railway stations in Damoh district]]<br /> [[Category:Jabalpur railway division]]<br /> <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-railstation-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Million_Death_Study&diff=517629 2025-12-24T18:15:09Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: stub - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}<br /> <br /> The '''Million Death Study''' (MDS) is a study of premature human mortality conducted in [[India]]. It began in 1998 and ended in 2014 . Among a [[sample size]] of 14 million Indians, approximately 1 million deaths are assigned as medical causes through the [[Verbal Autopsy]] method to determine disease patterns and direct public health policy. The principal investigator of the study is [[Prabhat Jha (epidemiologist)|Dr. Prabhat Jha]], director of the Centre for Global Health Research and professor of epidemiology at the [[Dalla Lana School of Public Health]], [[University of Toronto]], [[Canada]].<br /> <br /> ==Context==<br /> In India, like many low and middle-income countries, the vast majority of deaths occur at home without medical attention (over 75%), rather than with the standard of hospital care and supervision common in high-income countries before death.&lt;ref name=r1/&gt; As a result, estimates suggest a majority of the approximately 60 million global annual deaths, and specifically over half of the Indian at-home deaths, are undocumented and do not have a medically certified cause of death.&lt;ref name=r1/&gt; Deaths occurring in hospitals may be documented with official death certificates issued by medical professionals. The MDS was conceived to study previously undocumented at-home deaths to gain a more statistically representative understanding of disease patterns in India.&lt;ref name=r1/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Methodology==<br /> Between the study period of 1998-2014, the MDS investigators collaborated with the [[Registrar General of India]] to monitor approximately 14 million people in 2.4 million nationally representative Indian households, to produce underlying medical causes of deaths for about 1 million deaths. This made the MDS one of the largest studies of premature mortality in the world.&lt;ref name=r1/&gt;<br /> <br /> The MDS used India’s existing Sample Registration System (SRS), a government program operated by the Registrar General of India since 1971, as a sampling framework for data harvest by trained surveyors.&lt;ref name=r1/&gt; The collaborators of the MDS successfully arranged to expand the overall size of the SRS at the inception of the study in 1998.<br /> <br /> Surveyors visited households in the sample units of the SRS every 6 months to inquire about deaths in the family.&lt;ref name=r3/&gt; When a [[death]] was noted, an in-person interview of an extant, close family member was administered using the [[Verbal Autopsy]] method to determine the deceased’s health status before death and record a narrative of the events leading to death. This written information was then used by trained physicians to assign a probable cause of death using the [[International Classification of Diseases]] (ICD-10).&lt;ref name=r1/&gt; The information for each death was provided to two physicians to ensure greater accuracy, with a senior physician adjudicating the assignment of a cause of death in the event of an initial disagreement.<br /> <br /> Logistical management and low costs made the MDS a success. The study was able to maintain a cost of less than US$1 per household surveyed by using the existing SRS framework and collaborating with India’s census department and the overall operational cost of the study was about US$2 million per year.&lt;ref name=r2/&gt;<br /> <br /> The study had two main phases: the first, from 1998-2003, gathered information on 300 000 deaths within the sample, and the second phase, from 2004-2014, gathered information on the remaining 7,00,000 deaths for the target of about 1 million.&lt;ref name=r1/&gt;<br /> <br /> A large amount of data and a wide range of causes of death from the MDS necessitated forming working groups of internal and external scientists to review and interpret results. <br /> <br /> '''The MDS working groups, which reflect the broad categories of global mortality, are as follows:&lt;ref name=&quot;r4&quot; /&gt;'''<br /> *'''Maternal and Child Health:''' Rajesh Kumar (Chairmen), [[Shally Awasthi]], Robert E. Black, [[Prabhat Jha (epidemiologist)|Prabhat Jha]], Bhaskar Mishra, Ann Montgomery, Shaun Morris, Vinod K. Paul, Usha Ram, Siddarth Ramji, Sandip Roy, Anita Shet, Mani Subramaniyam<br /> *'''Alcohol:''' [[Prabhat Jha (epidemiologist)|Prabhat Jha]] (Chairmen), Neeraj Bhala, Prakash Bhatia, Rajesh Dikshit, Vendhan Gajalakshmi, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajesh Kumar, Richard Peto, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Dhirendra Sinha<br /> *'''Cancer:''' Rajesh Dikshit (Chairmen), Lukasz Aleksandrowicz, Hellen Gelband, Prakash C. Gupta, Prabhat Jha, Richard Peto, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Dhirendra Sinha<br /> *'''Cardiovascular Disease:''' Rajeev Gupta and D. Prabkaharan (co-chairs), Onil Bhattacharya, Niteesh Choudhury, Dean T. Jamison, Prabhat Jha, Rajesh Kumar, Prem Mony, Rachel Nugent, Denis Xavier<br /> *'''Injuries:''' JS Thakur (Chairmen), Marvin Hsiao, Jagnoor Jagnoor, Prabhat Jha, Ajai Malhotra, Vikram Patel<br /> *'''Malaria:''' Vinod P. Sharma (Chairmen), Alan Cohen, Neeraj Dhingra, Prabhat Jha, Raju M. Jotkar, Ramanan Laxminaryan, SK Mishra, Richard Peto<br /> *'''Suicide:''' Vikram Patel (Chairmen), Vendhan Gajalakshmi, G Gururaj, Prabhat Jha, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, K Srinivasan, Lakshmi Vijayakumar<br /> <br /> ==Key Results of the MDS==<br /> The [[World Health Organization]]’s estimates of disease rates in India are largely based on medically certified causes of death from hospital records, while results from the Million Death Study offered a statistical representation of rural, undocumented deaths. The following are results of the Million Death Study from a variety of scientific publications with several comparisons of disease deaths estimated from hospital record data.<br /> <br /> '''Annual Indian deaths based on the Million Death Study results:'''<br /> *2.3M deaths of children under age 5 (2005 figure, since reduced) &lt;ref name=r9/&gt;<br /> *1M tobacco related deaths &lt;ref name=r10/&gt;<br /> *556K cancer deaths (2010 figure) &lt;ref name=r11/&gt;<br /> *100K alcohol related deaths<br /> *200K malaria deaths (WHO estimate was 15K) &lt;ref name=r8/&gt;<br /> *100K HIV/AIDS deaths (UNAIDS estimate was 400K) &lt;ref name=r5/&gt;<br /> *50K snakebite deaths (WHO worldwide estimate was 50K) &lt;ref name=r6/&gt;<br /> *30K cervical cancer deaths<br /> *183K road traffic deaths &lt;ref name=r7/&gt;<br /> <br /> The various results of the MDS, combined with geospatial analysis, show that each disease has largely varying prevalence rates throughout India, indicated that regional factors affect the prevalence and that these sources of premature mortality are largely avoidable. One example is the wide variation between the estimated Indian national annual average rate of 30 000 [[cervical cancer]] deaths compared with only 6000 annual cervical cancer deaths at the reported rates of Jammu and Kashmir state and Assam state.<br /> <br /> ==Criticism of the MDS==<br /> Several notable criticisms of the MDS have been discussed in the published scientific literature.<br /> <br /> The study’s use of the expanded Indian Sample Registration System for data harvest allows for a large sampling framework, but despite the 7 597 sampling units and reported 2.4 million households the framework still only covers a fraction of India’s more than 1 billion people and more than 9.5 million annual deaths.&lt;ref name=r2/&gt;<br /> <br /> The main focus of the MDS is adult mortality and the sampling framework captures a limited number of maternal deaths. This indicates the study may not have sufficient [[statistical power]] to thoroughly analyze [[maternal mortality]] and its connection with newborn mortality. A wider selection of maternal and newborn health indicators on the surveyor questionnaires during data harvest would have allowed the more detailed study of these sources of premature mortality.&lt;ref name=r2/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[verbal autopsy]] method operates with the assumption that most causes of death can be recognized by trained physicians based on descriptions of [[signs and symptoms]] provided by an extant close relation of the deceased. Identification is simple for causes of death with distinct symptoms such as [[tetanus]] but can be difficult to distinguish in cases that have symptoms common to many diseases, such as of the fever during [[malaria]] infection. A verbal autopsy has also been described as ineffective in identifying causes of death in persons over 70 years of age.&lt;ref name=r2/&gt;<br /> <br /> An ongoing debate in the field of mortality estimates is the efficiency and validity of boot-strap measurement models such as the MDS compared with modern advances in the computer modeling of disease patterns.<br /> <br /> ==Legacy of the MDS==<br /> Published findings from analyses of MDS data have guided several of the [[Indian Government]]’s public health policy decisions in the 2000s and early 2010s. The MDS model of data harvesting using low-cost field surveying and the [[verbal autopsy]] method has also prompted interest in replicating the study in several other low and middle-income countries.<br /> <br /> ==Select Publications Related to the MDS==<br /> *Prabhat Jha et al. (2010) [http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c621 HIV mortality and infection in India: estimates from nationally representative mortality survey of 1.1 million homes]<br /> *Mohapatra B et al. (2011) [http://cghr.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Snakebite-mortality-in-India-2011.pdf Snakebite Mortality in India: A Nationally Representative Mortality Survey]. PLoS NTD. 2011 Apr 12; 5(4): e1018 [Epub].<br /> *Morris SK el al. (2011) [http://cghr.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Diarrhea-pneumonia-and-infectious-disease-mortality-in-chlidren-2011.pdf Diarrhea, Pneumonia, and Infectious Disease Mortality in Children Aged 5 to 14 Years in India].PLoS One. 2011 May; 6(5): e20119.<br /> *Hsiao M et al. (2013) [http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/8/e002621.full Road traffic injury mortality and its mechanisms in India: nationally representative mortality survey of 1.1 million homes].BMJ Open. 2013; 3:e002621<br /> *The Million Death Study Collaborators (2010). [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2810%2961461-4/abstract Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey]. The Lancet, Volume 376, Issue 9755, Pages 1853 - 1860, 27 November 2010 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61461-4<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=r1&gt;{{cite journal |first1=Prabhat |last1=Jha |first2=Vendhan |last2=Gajalakshmi |first3=Prakash C |last3=Gupta |first4=Rajesh |last4=Kumar |first5=Prem |last5=Mony |first6=Neeraj |last6=Dhingra |first7=Richard |last7=Peto |year=2006 |title=Prospective Study of One Million Deaths in India: Rationale, Design, and Validation Results |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=e18 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030018|pmid=16354108 |pmc=1316066 |doi-access=free }} {{open access}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r2&gt;Zulfiqar A Bhutta (2006) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1361779/ The Million Death Study in India: Can It Help in Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals? ]. PLoS Med 3(2): e103&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r3&gt;Collaborators of the MDS [http://cghr.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/MDS-manual.pdf MDS Manual]. cghr.org&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r4&gt;[http://www.cghr.org/index.php/projects/million-death-study-project/ MDS Working Groups]. www.cghr.org&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r5&gt;Prabhat Jha et al. (2010) [http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c621 HIV mortality and infection in India: estimates from nationally representative mortality survey of 1.1 million homes]. BMJ 2010;340:c621.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r6&gt;Mohapatra B et al. (2011) [http://cghr.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Snakebite-mortality-in-India-2011.pdf Snakebite Mortality in India: A Nationally Representative Mortality Survey]. PLoS NTD. 2011 Apr 12; 5(4): e1018 [Epub].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r7&gt;Hsiao M et al. (2013) [http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/8/e002621.full Road traffic injury mortality and its mechanisms in India: nationally representative mortality survey of 1.1 million homes].BMJ Open. 2013; 3:e002621&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r8&gt;Neeraj Dhingra et al. (2010) [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2810%2960831-8/abstract Adult and child malaria mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey]. The Lancet, Volume 376, Issue 9754, Pages 1768 - 1774, 20 November 2010 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60831-8&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r9&gt;The Million Death Study Collaborators (2010). [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2810%2961461-4/abstract Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey]. The Lancet, Volume 376, Issue 9755, Pages 1853 - 1860, 27 November 2010 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61461-4 <br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r10&gt;Prabhat Jha et al. (2011). [http://www.cghr.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/A-rational-taxation-system-of-bidis-and-cigarettes-to-reduce...India-2011.pdf A Rational Taxation System of Bidis and Cigarettes to Reduce Smoking Deaths in India] Economic &amp; Political Weekly. 2011; Oct 15&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref name=r11&gt;Rajesh Dikshit et al (2012). [http://www.cghr.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Lancet_Paper_Cancer_final.pdf Cancer mortality in India: a nationally representative survey]. The Lancet March 28, 2012 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60358-4&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;/references&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://cghr.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/MDS-manual.pdf The Million Death Study Manual (Publicly available)]<br /> *[http://www.cghr.org/index.php/projects/million-death-study-project/ CGHR MDS Million Death Study homepage]<br /> *[http://vatraining.vm-host.net/ CGHR’s MDS Verbal Autopsy Training Tool]<br /> *[http://www.cghr.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/MDS-Infographic-in-Nature.pdf MDS summary infographic in Nature]<br /> <br /> {{Social issues in India}}<br /> {{Asia topic|Mortality in}}<br /> {{Asia topic|HIV/AIDS in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Million Death Study}}<br /> [[Category: Health in India]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peshwai_Procession&diff=525277 2025-11-24T23:04:30Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: added first stub needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{notability|Events|date=September 2015}}<br /> '''Peshwai Procession''' is a royal procession of the [[Naga Sadhus]] during [[Kumbh Mela]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6rXAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Peshwai+Procession|title=Mahakumbha: A Spiritual Journey|isbn=9788171677634|last1=Nandan|first1=Jiwesh|year=2002 |publisher=Rupa &amp; Company }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Peshwai marks the arrival of the members of an akhara or sect of sadhus at the [[Kumbh Mela]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article412201.ece?service=print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126070047/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article412201.ece?service=print|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 26, 2015|title = Sadhus astride elephants, horses at Maha Kumbh}}&lt;/ref&gt; The procession pomp and ceremony with elephants, and horses. During the procession, sadhus perform acrobatic skills and breathtaking display of their martial skills with the help of swords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Peshwai-processions-adds-to-festive-spirit/articleshow/17988342.cms|title = Sangam: Peshwai processions adds to festive spirit &amp;#124; Allahabad News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=12 January 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The term ''Peshwai'' means the reception of a guest; the office or function of a [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] chief (or [[Peshwa]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUzRAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=peshwai+procession|title=Freedom Struggle in Uttar Pradesh: Bundelkhand and adjoining territories, 1857-59|year=1959}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Kumbh-Mela-1998.jpg|thumb|Naga Sadhus at Kumbh Mela]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Kumbh Mela]]<br /> * [[Peshwa]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu pilgrimages]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Kumbh Mela]]<br /> [[Category:Religious festivals in India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Hindu-festival-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharada_Purnima&diff=534646 2025-11-22T03:02:59Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: started the data initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hindu lunar harvest festival}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox holiday<br /> | holiday_name = Sharada Purnima<br /> | image = Kojagori Laxmi .jpg<br /> | caption = Idols of Kojagori Lakshmi, a form of goddess [[Lakshmi]] worshipped on this day<br /> | date = [[Ashvin]] [[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar| māsa]] [[Purnima]] [[tithi]] Next-(Oct 25, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;Note1&quot;&gt;Oct 30 for some traditions, see section on India&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | frequency = Annual<br /> | duration = 1 day<br /> | celebrations = Worshipping, offering flowers and dishes to deities, dancing<br /> | alt = Idols of goddess Lakshmi<br /> | official_name = <br /> | nickname = Kumara Purnima, Kojagari Purnima, Navanna Purnima, Kojagrat Purnima or Kaumudi Purnima<br /> | observedby = [[Hindus]]<br /> | type = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sharada Purnima''' (also known as Kumara Purnima, Kojagari Purnima, Navanna Purnima,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |date= 1976 |title= Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Ahmednagar |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ip9hAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=kojagiri |publisher= Director of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State |page= 282}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kojagrat Purnima&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=आज कोजाग्रत पूर्णिमा, दशैंको समापन गरिँदै |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/10/629849 |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Online Khabar |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Kaumudi Purnima&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;) is a [[religious festival]] celebrated on the [[full moon]] day of the [[Hindu]] [[lunar month]] of [[Ashvin]] (September to October), marking the end of the [[monsoon]] [[wet season|season]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KDU30Ae4S4cC&amp;q=sharad |title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |date=2011-09-13 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-205-0 |pages=798 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The full moon night is celebrated in different ways in various cultural regions across [[Indian subcontinent]]. <br /> <br /> On this day, many Hindu divine pairs like [[Radha Krishna]], [[Shiva Parvati]] and [[Lakshmi Narayana]] are worshipped along with the [[Chandra]], the moon deity, and are offered flowers and ''[[kheer]]'' (sweet dish made of rice and milk).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Deities in temples are usually dressed in white color signifying the brightness of moon. Many people observe full day fasting on this night.<br /> <br /> == Significance ==<br /> [[File:Vallabhacharya temple cloth for Sharad Purnima festival - W. India -19th c. - 1927.jpg|thumb|Vallabhacharya temple cloth for Sharad Purnima festival - Western India (19th c. - 1927)|194x194px]]<br /> Sharad Purnima celebrates the night that the [[Raslila|''rāsalīlā'']] (a circular dance) was performed between [[Krishna]] and the [[Gopi|''gopis'']] (milkmaids) of [[Braj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ambalal |first1=Amit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFZxCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=sharad+purnima&amp;pg=PA116 |title=Gates of the Lord: The Tradition of Krishna Paintings |last2=Krishna |first2=Kalyan |last3=Bachrach |first3=Emilia |last4=Lyons |first4=Tryna |last5=Shah |first5=Anita |date=2015-01-01 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21472-7 |pages=116 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lochtefeld |first=James G. |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. |year=2002 |edition=1st |pages=567}}&lt;/ref&gt; To participate in this divine dance, [[Shiva]] took the form of ''Gopīśvara Mahādevā''. Vivid descriptions of this night are given in the [[Brahma Purana]], [[Skanda Purana]], [[Brahma Vaivarta Purana]], and the [[Linga Purana]]. It is also believed that, on this full moon night, the goddess [[Lakshmi]] descends on the earth to watch the actions of human beings.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sharad Purnima 2022 date, time: Kojagiri Lakshmi Puja tithi, mahurat, vrat rituals |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-sharad-purnima-2022-date-time-kojagiri-lakshmi-puja-tithi-mahurat-vrat-rituals-kumara-purnima-2991176 |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=DNA India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Kojagari Purnima concerns the observance of the Kojagara [[Vrata]]. The people perform this ''vrata'' under the moonlight after fasting for the day. [[Lakshmi]], the Hindu goddess of prosperity, is significantly worshipped on this day. It is believed that on this day Lakshmi appeared from the [[Samudra Manthana|Churning of the ocean]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date=October 5, 2017 |title=Sharad Purnima 2017: Laxmi Puja or Kojagiri Purnima Date(Tithi), Significance and Bhog Rituals |url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/sharad-purnima-2017-laxmi-puja-or-kojagiri-purnima-date-tithi-significance-and-bhog-rituals-1759012 |website=NDTV.com |quote=but the Laxmi Puja observed on Sharad Purnima is believed to be one of the most significant ones. It is performed on the full moon day in the month of Ashwin in Hindu lunar calendar. Believed to be the birthday of goddess Lakshmi, it is also celebrated as Kunar Purnima or Kojagari Purnima - the harvest festival signifying the end of the monsoon season.}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Indra]], the god of rain, along with his elephant [[Airavata]] is also worshipped. This day is celebrated by Hindus differently in various regions of [[India]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Nepal]]. <br /> <br /> Sharad Purnima holds great significance in the [[Swaminarayan Sampradaya]], particularly within [[Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha|BAPS]], as it marks the birth of [[Gunatitanand Swami]], who is ontologically believed to be [[Akshar Purushottam Darshan|Aksharbrahman]].<br /> <br /> == Celebrations in India ==<br /> <br /> === Bengal, Assam, and Tripura ===<br /> <br /> In [[Bengal]], [[Tripura]], [[Assam]] and [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] the night is known as Kojagari Purnima. Kojagari translates to 'one who is awake' in Bengali. It is believed that Goddess [[Laxmi|Lakshmi]] visits people's houses on this night, checks whether they are staying awake, and blesses them only if they are awake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TRIPURAINFOWAY : Tripura's Latest News, Views &amp; IT Portal |url=https://tripurainfoway.com/news-details/TN/67866/tripura-celebrating-kojagiri-laxmi-puja-2016.html |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=tripurainfoway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Kheer Trio.jpg|alt=Kheer is served as an offering on this day|thumb|[[Kheer]] is served as an offering on this day|192x192px]]In [[North India|northern]] and [[Central India|central]] states of India, such as [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Chhattisgarh]], [[kheer]] is prepared during the night and kept under the moonlight in an open roofed space overnight. It is believed that on this night, moon rays carry ''[[amrita]]'' (elixir of immortality), which is collected in the kheer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sharad Purnima 2022 Date: जानें शरद पूर्णिमा में रात भर खुले आसमान के नीचे क्यों रखी जाती है खीर |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/spirituality/sharad-purnima-2022-date-know-why-is-kheer-kept-under-the-moonlight-on-sharad-purnima-article-94701088 |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Times Now Navbharat |date=7 October 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; The kheer is then eaten as a [[Prasada|''prasad'']] on the next day. Also, goddess Lakshmi is worshipped on this night.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kojagara Puja 2022: Vrat Date &amp; Time, Importance, Pooja Vidhi |url=https://www.edudwar.com/kojagara-puja/ |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=Edudwar |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kojagari Puja 2022: कल है कोजागरी पूजा, जानें मां लक्ष्मी के पूजन का मुहूर्त और महत्व |url=https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/puja-path-kojagra-puja-2022-know-date-shubh-muhurat-and-laxmi-puja-importance-23118523.html |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> For some [[Bengalis|Bengali]] tribes, the day is celebrated a few days before or after the exact day, especially in the [[Dyaoism | Dyao]], [[Brahmo Samaj | Brahmo]], and Cumulang traditions, as per various traditions determining which days are auspicious for celebration.<br /> <br /> In [[Maharashtra]], it is popularly known as Kojagiri Paurnima. People make masala milk and keep it outside under the moonlight, as moon rays are believed to carry ''amrita''.<br /> <br /> In many parts of [[Gujarat]], [[Garba (dance)|G''arba'']] is performed under the moonlight.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |script-title=hi:शरद पूर्णिमा पर खेला गरबा, भगवान को लगाया खीर का भोग |language=hi |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/garba-played-on-goddess-sharad-purnima-065619-3052442.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> In [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region of Bihar, special celebration of [[Kojagra]] occurs in the house of newly married groom. Groom's family distribute [[betel]] and [[Euryale ferox|Makhana]] gifted from bride family to their relatives &amp; neighbours.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=आज है मिथिलांचल का लोकपर्व कोजागरा, माता लक्ष्मी की जरूर करें आराधना |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/city/darbhanga/kojagara-festival-celebration-in-mithilanchal/bh20211019064124256 |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=ETV Bharat News|date=19 October 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=शरद पूर्णिमा आज, बन रहा है गजकेसरी का शुभ योग |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/katihar/story-sharad-purnima-today-the-auspicious-yoga-of-gajakesari-is-being-formed-7192485.html |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Odisha]], this auspicious day is known as ''Kumāra punein/Kumāra purnimā'' (କୁମାର ପୁନେଇଁ / କୁମାର ପୁର୍ଣ୍ଣିମା), on this day unmarried women fast, with the popular belief of getting their suitable groom (''kumara''). Unmarried women worship the moon on the occasion of this festival. The puja starts in the early morning when the moon sets with new dress. A ''kula'' (a basket made of woven bamboo strips) is filled with rice puffs, sugarcane, betel leaves, betel nuts, cucumbers, coconuts, and seven other fruits such as apples or bananas. In the evening the full moon is worshiped again, and worshippers break their fast by preparing a dish containing the fried paddy and fruits from the ''kula'', along with curd and jaggery and offer it to the moon god before a [[Ocimum tenuiflorum|tulsi]] plant. After this, maidens play games and sing songs under the light of the full moon.<br /> <br /> == Celebrations outside India ==<br /> <br /> === Nepal ===<br /> In the Mithila region of [[Nepal]], the day is known as Kojagrat Purnima and it concludes the 15–day [[Dashain]] festival celebrations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kojagrat translates to 'one who is awake' in Nepali. Similar to the traditions of [[East India|eastern India]], Nepalese Hindus wake up all night offering reverence to goddess Lakshmi. The Jagran festival puja takes places around the Janaki Temple dedicated to Mata Sita and the birthplace of her father King Janaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=सकियो दसैँ, महालक्ष्मीको आराधना गरी मनाइयो कोजाग्रत पूर्णिमा |url=https://www.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/73007/2021-10-20 |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Naya Patrika |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also the last day to receive the Dashain [[Tilaka|''tika'']] from ones relatives.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=आज कोजाग्रत पूर्णिमा, गर्नुहोस् यी काम |url=https://farakdhar.com/story/19195/ |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=Farakdhar {{!}}{{!}} Nepal's Online Magazine |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Valmiki Jayanti ==<br /> {{Main articles|Pargat Diwas}}<br /> [[File:Valmiki Ramayana.jpg|thumb|[[Rishi]] [[Valmiki]], the composer of the Hindu epic ''[[Ramayana]]''|236x236px]]<br /> This day is also known as Valmiki Jayanti or the birth anniversary of [[Valmiki]], who composed the Ramayana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lochtefeld |first=James G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnmPzgEACAAJ |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z |date=2002 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4 |pages=736 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Mahima |date=2022-10-09 |title=Valmiki 2022 Jayanti: Date, Significance and Celebration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/festivals/valmiki-jayanti-2022-date-significance-and-celebration/articleshow/94733429.cms |access-date=2022-10-09 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Baisakh Purnima]]<br /> * {{anl|Diwali}}<br /> * {{anl|Mid-Autumn Festival}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.swaminarayan.org/festivals/sharadpurnima/index.htm &quot;Sharad Purnima&quot;]<br /> <br /> {{Odia culture}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Festivals in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Harvest festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu festivals]]<br /> [[Category:September observances]]<br /> [[Category:October observances]]<br /> [[Category:Observances held on Purnima]]<br /> <br /> &lt;!--Please do not remove this category until this article is sorted into the proper calendar category.--&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Observances held on the full moon]] <br /> [[Category:Religious festivals in India]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Brahma&diff=523044 2025-11-20T13:30:37Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|India's disaster relief and rescue operation in Myanmar}}<br /> {{AI-generated|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{operational plan<br /> | name = Operation Brahma<br /> | partof = [[2025 Myanmar earthquake]]<br /> | image = IAF NDRF Myanmar Earthquake.jpg<br /> | caption = Airlift by [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] consist [[National Disaster Response Force|NDRF]] volunteers and equipments for rescue operations.<br /> | scope = Humanitarian relief<br /> | type = <br /> | location = [[Myanmar]]<br /> | coordinates = <br /> | map_type = <br /> | latitude = <br /> | longitude = <br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_label = <br /> | planned = <br /> | planned_by = [[Indian Armed Forces]] and [[Minister of External Affairs (India)]]<br /> | objective = Relief and rescue operations in Myanmar<br /> | target = <br /> | date = 29 March 2025<br /> | time = <br /> | time-begin = <br /> | time-end = <br /> | timezone = <br /> | executed_by = [[Indian Armed Forces]], [[Indian Air Force]], [[National Disaster Response Force]]<br /> | outcome = <br /> | casualties = <br /> }}<br /> '''Operation Brahma''' was a disaster relief and rescue operation undertaken by the Indian government in response to the [[2025 Myanmar earthquake]]. External Affairs Minister [[S. Jaishankar]] announced that India initiated the operation on 28 March 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-03-29 |title=Myanmar Earthquake: India rushes urgent aid under 'Operation Brahma' as death toll tops 1,000 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/myanmar-earthquake-india-rushes-urgent-aid-under-operation-brahma-as-death-toll-tops-1000/articleshow/119695311.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; led by the [[Indian Army]]. As part of the operation, a specialised medical task force was deployed to deliver urgent medical care, including emergency treatments, trauma management, and surgical interventions for those in need.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Operation Brahma: India airlifts aid, deploys rescuers, medics to quake-hit Myanmar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/myanmar-earthquake-death-thailand-bangkok-india-assistance-operation-brahma-pm-modi-s-jaishankr-ndrf-2701120-2025-03-29 |work=India Today |date=29 March 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=India Launches &quot;Operation Brahma&quot; To Assist Quake-Hit Myanmar |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/india-launches-operation-brahma-to-assist-quake-hit-myanmar-8041092 |access-date=2025-03-29 |publisher=NDTV |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The mission has been named Operation [[Brahma]], after the Hindu God of creation, symbolising India's efforts to assist in the rebuilding of Myanmar following the devastating earthquake. The name reflects the nation's commitment to providing immediate relief and supporting long-term recovery and reconstruction in the affected regions.&lt;ref name=&quot;HTOpBrahma&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=India launches Operation Brahma to aid quake-hit Myanmar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-launches-operation-brahma-to-aid-quake-hit-myanmar-101743259390931.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> {{Main article|2025 Myanmar earthquake}}<br /> On 28 March 2025, a devastating [[2025 Myanmar earthquake|7.7-magnitude earthquake]] struck Myanmar at 12:50&amp;nbsp;pm local time, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The quake, originating from the right-lateral [[Sagaing Fault]], was followed by a 6.4-magnitude aftershock, further impacting the region. The death toll has risen to over 1,600, with thousands injured and many still missing. The tremors were felt as far as [[Bangkok]], Thailand, leading to building collapses and casualties there as well.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Yang |first1=Maya |last2=Sedghi |first2=Amy |last3=Mackay |first3=Hamish |last4=Fulton |first4=Adam |last5=Sedghi |date=2025-03-29 |title=Myanmar earthquake death toll rises to 1,644 amid race to find survivors – live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/mar/29/myanmar-earthquake-race-to-find-survivors-as-junta-confirms-huge-rise-in-death-toll |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hogan |first=Fintan |date=2025-03-29 |title=What happened in Myanmar? A visual guide to the earthquake |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/asia/article/what-happened-myanmar-earthquake-059kg8n8w?region=global |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=The Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Prime Minister of India, [[Narendra Modi]] expressed deep concern over the earthquake. In a post on [[Twitter|X]], he conveyed condolences to Myanmar's junta chief, [[Min Aung Hlaing]], stating, &quot;As a close friend and neighbour, India stands in solidarity with the people of Myanmar in this difficult hour.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-29 |title=As India Sends More Aid To Earthquake-Hit Myanmar, PM Modi Speaks To Junta Leader To Express So |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/myanmar-earthquake-pm-modi-speaks-to-junta-leader-min-aung-hlaing-india-stands-in-solidarity-operation-brahma-1761419 |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=ABP Live News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-28 |title='India stands ready to offer all possible assistance': PM Modi expresses concerns on Myanmar earthquake |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/india-stands-ready-to-offer-all-possible-assistance-pm-modi-expresses-concerns-on-myanmar-earthquake-13875305.html |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Objective==<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | align = right<br /> | total_width = 350<br /> | image1 = INS Satpura being loaded with humanatarian aid.jpg<br /> | alt1 =<br /> | caption1 = 1. [[INS Satpura]]<br /> | image2 = GnMyWzsWsAEYH0n.jpg<br /> | alt2 = <br /> | caption2 = 2. [[INS Savitri]]<br /> | footer = India sent 40 tonnes of humanitarian aid through patrol vessels of the [[Indian Navy]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The operation's primary objective is to provide immediate humanitarian assistance, including search and rescue efforts, medical aid, and support to affected populations in the aftermath of a seismic event. The operation reflects India's preparedness and response capabilities to large-scale disasters, underscoring the nation's commitment to providing swift assistance in times of crisis. The overall aim is to alleviate suffering and support recovery efforts in the aftermath of a catastrophic event. It demonstrated India's commitment to supporting neighboring countries in times of crisis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='India stands in solidarity': PM Modi offers help to Myanmar Junta chief |url=https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/india-pm-modi-myanmar-earthquake-relief-operation-brahma-aid-125032900494_1.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |work=Business Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=29 March 2025 |title=India launches 'Operation Brahma' to assist quake-hit Myanmar; PM speaks with senior General |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/india-launches-operation-brahma-to-assist-quake-hit-myanmar-pm-speaks-with-senior-general-1503413387.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |work=The Statesman |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It follows a similar framework to other well-known Indian disaster response initiatives, such as [[Operation Rahat]] ([[2013 North India floods]]), [[Operation Maitri]] ([[April 2015 Nepal earthquake|2015 Nepal earthquake]]) and more recently [[Operation Dost]] ([[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes]]).<br /> <br /> ==Timeline==<br /> [[File:OperationBrahma IAF Airlift HumanatarianAid Myanmar.jpg|[[Indian Air Force|IAF]]'s [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] being loaded with blankets, tarpaulin, hygiene kits, sleeping bags, solar lamps, food packets and kitchen set along with search &amp; rescue team, and medical team|thumbnail|250x250px]]<br /> [[File:OperationBrahma IAF NDRF MedicalTeam RescueTeam MyanmarEarthquake.jpg|[[National Disaster Response Force|NDRF]] team with the humanatarian aid, heading for Myanmar for rescue operation|thumb|left|250x250px]]<br /> [[File:Operation Brahma Indian Navy INS Satpura INS Savitri Humanatarian Aid for Myanmar 2025-03-29.jpg|[[Indian Navy]] officials loading [[INS Satpura]] &amp; [[INS Savitri]] with 40 tonnes of humanitarian aid, heading for the [[Myanma Port Authority|Port of Yangon]]|thumbnail|250x250px]]<br /> The deployment is closely coordinated with the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] and in partnership with Myanmar’s authorities, ensuring a swift and efficient response to the humanitarian emergency.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=What is Operation Brahma and why India chose this name for Myanmar earthquake response? Here's what MEA says |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/operation-brahma-myanmar-earthquake-and-why-india-chose-this-name-for-myanmar-earthquake-response-mea-says-2025-03-29-982947 |work=India TV News |date=29 March 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ===29–30 March===<br /> A 118-member team from the elite Shatrujeet Brigade Medical Responders, led by [[Lieutenant colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]] Jagneet Gill, was deployed to Myanmar, accompanied by essential medical equipment and supplies. The Airborne Angels Task Force, specially trained and equipped to provide advanced medical and surgical care in disaster-affected zones were part of the critical response.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-03-29 |title='OPERATION BRAHMA' – MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO MYANMAR EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS BY INDIAN ARMY |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2116635 |access-date=2025-03-31 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |archive-date=29 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329174756/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2116635 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HTOpBrahma&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> As part of Operation Brahma, the Indian Army established a 60-bed Medical Treatment Centre to provide immediate care to those injured in the earthquake. The facility was equipped to handle trauma cases, perform emergency surgeries, and deliver essential medical services, thereby supporting Myanmar's local healthcare system, which had been severely overwhelmed by the disaster.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HTOpBrahma&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> India sent approximately 15 tons of relief material to [[Yangon]] via a [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J]] military transport aircraft of the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF). The cargo included essential supplies tents, sleeping bags, blankets, ready-to-eat meals, water purifiers, solar lamps, generator sets, and essential medicines. These items were crucial for providing immediate relief to those affected by the earthquake, supporting both the basic needs and the healthcare requirements of the displaced population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Myanmar earthquake: India delivers relief materials under 'Operation Brahma' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/gallery/india-delivers-relief-materials-under-operation-brahma-photogallery-prnt/cid/2091416https://www.telegraphindia.com/gallery/india-delivers-relief-materials-under-operation-brahma-photogallery-prnt/cid/2091416 |access-date=29 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India Sends 15 Tonne of Relief Materials to Earthquake-Hit Myanmar as Part of 'Operation Brahma' |url=https://thewire.in/diplomacy/india-sends-15-tonne-of-relief-materials-to-earthquake-hit-myanmar-as-part-of-operation-brahma |access-date=29 March 2025 |work=The Wire |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An 80-member [[National Disaster Response Force]] (NDRF) search and rescue team was also departed for Myanmar's capital, [[Nay Pyi Taw]], to aid in relief efforts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Op Brahma': India sends 80 NDRF personnel to Myanmar for earthquake relief |url=https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/india-sending-80-ndrf-personnel-to-quake-hit-myanmar-125032900486_1.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |work=Business Standard |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Operation Brahma: India responds to Myanmar quake, sends 80 NDRF personnel for search and rescue |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2025/03/29/operation-brahma-india-responds-to-myanmar-quake-sends-80-ndrf-personnel-for-search-and-rescue.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |work=The Week |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> India also dispatched two naval ships to Myanmar as part of its ongoing relief efforts. Additionally, a field hospital was slated to be airlifted to provide further medical assistance and support to the affected regions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India sends two naval ships, airlifts field hospital to Myanmar under 'Operation Brahma' as quake toll crosses 1,000 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Mar/29/pm-modi-reaffirms-support-to-myanmar-as-death-toll-exceeds-1000 |work=The New Indian Express |date=29 March 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Indian Navy also dispatched four naval ships for relief operations. While [[INS Satpura|INS ''Satpura'']] and [[INS Savitri|INS ''Savitri'']] under the [[Eastern Naval Command]] sailed from [[Visakhapatnam]] on 29 March, [[INS Karmuk (P64)|INS ''Karmuk'']] and [[Mk. IV LCU|IN LCU 52]] under the [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]] sailed from [[Port Blair]] on 30 March. The ships combined embarked 52 Tons of relief materials including &quot;HADR pallets consisting of essential clothing, drinking water, food, medicines, and emergency stores&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-03-30 |title=OPERATION BRAHMA - INDIAN NAVAL SHIPS SAIL WITH RELIEF MATERIAL |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2116801 |access-date=2025-03-31 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to several reports, IAF aircraft faced GPS spoofing during their relief operations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/air-force-plane-involved-in-myanmar-quake-relief-op-faces-cyber-attack-sources-2708464-2025-04-13 | title=Cyber attack on IAF aircraft involved in Myanmar quake relief op: Defence sources | date=13 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/iaf-planes-faced-gps-spoofing-in-myanmar-s-airspace-while-carrying-relief-materials-for-quake-victims-sources-101744564338483.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/iaf-planes-faced-gps-spoofing-in-myanmars-airspace-while-carrying-relief-materials-for-quake-victims-sources/articleshow/120260590.cms | title=IAF planes faced GPS spoofing in Myanmar's airspace while carrying relief materials for quake victims: Sources | work=The Economic Times | date=13 April 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 31 March-1 April ===<br /> The first two Navy ships INS ''Satpura'' and INS ''Savitri'' arrived at Yangon with 40 tons of relief materials on 31 March. The next day, IN LCU 52 and INS ''Karmuk'' with 30 tons of relief materials reached Yangon. A total of five Navy ships and six Air Force aircraft have been dispatched to [[Yangon]], [[Naypyidaw|Naypyitaw]] and [[Mandalay]] in Myanmar. The fifth ship was [[INS Gharial|INS ''Gharial'']], sailed out of Visakhapatnam harbour on 1 April with 440 tonnes of rice, edible oil and medicines and will reach Yangon by 6 April. Additionally, the Indian Army also established a 200-bed [[field hospital]] the same day. The hospital, set up by Shatrujeet Brigade Medical Responders, was airlifter to Myanmar by two [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]] of the Indian Air Force &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-04-01 |title=Indian Navy Ships arrive in Yangon with relief assistance |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/indian-navy-ships-arrive-in-yangon-with-relief-assistance/articleshow/119836776.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-04-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Four Indian warships reach Myanmar with aid; fifth one on the way |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/four-indian-warships-reach-myanmar-with-aid-fifth-one-on-the-way-3472700 |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By April 1, 2025, a C-130J aircraft delivered 16 tons of humanitarian aid to Mandalay Airport, which was handed over to Lieutenant General Myo Moe Aung and other dignitaries of the Myanmar government.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Op Brahman: Indian Army field hospital performs surgeries in Mandalay |url=https://www.uniindia.com/~/op-brahma-indian-army-field-hospital-performs-surgeries-in-mandalay-ndrf-recovers-bodies-from-rubble/India/news/3428524.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Additionally, an 80-member search and rescue team from the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) was deployed across more than a dozen sites in Mandalay to assist in relief efforts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-04-01 |title=Operation Brahma: India sends 400 tonnes of relief material to quake-hit Myanmar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/operation-brahma-india-sends-400-tonnes-of-relief-material-to-quake-hit-myanmar-101743493837453.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401081718/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/operation-brahma-india-sends-400-tonnes-of-relief-material-to-quake-hit-myanmar-101743493837453.html |archive-date=1 April 2025 |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> === 3 April ===<br /> By April 3, 2025, the NDRF had recovered 50 bodies, with 15 additional recoveries reported that day, while continuing operations at two key sites in Mandalay amid mild tremors. The field hospital treated 154 patients on April 3 alone, bringing the total to 394, and conducted two major and nine minor surgeries. Indian community volunteers also began assisting with relief efforts, showcasing a collaborative approach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-04 |title=Op Brahma: Indian Army Field Hospital in Mandalay treats nearly 400 patients, NDRF team recovers 50 bodies {{!}} Central India's Premier English Daily |url=https://www.centralchronicle.com/op-brahma-indian-army-field-hospital-in-mandalay-treats-nearly-400-patients-ndrf-team-recovers-50-bodies/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===4-8 April===<br /> As of April 8, 2025, the Indian Army reported treating 1,370 patients in total, with 258 treated alone being treated on 8 April, alongside 33 surgeries, 698 lab tests, and 150 X-rays performed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2025-04-08 |title=Operation Brahma: Indian Army Continues Medical Relief Operations in Mandalay |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/operation-brahma-indian-army-continues-medical-relief-operations-in-mandalay-1503376178.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] confirmed on April 9, 2025, that India had delivered over 656 metric tons of humanitarian assistance through seven Indian Air Force aircraft and five Indian Navy ships. The 80-member NDRF team, initially deployed for rescue operations, completed its mission and returned to India by the date.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-04-09 |title=Operation Brahma: 650 MT relief aid sent so far to quake-hit Myanmar; NDRF team returns |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Apr/09/operation-brahma-650-mt-relief-aid-sent-so-far-to-quake-hit-myanmar-ndrf-team-returns-2 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> === 11 April ===<br /> Indian Army deployed [[Robotics|AI-powered robotic]] systems to support rescue efforts. Among these were SAR Robo Mules such as AI-driven, [[Legged robot#Four-legged|four-legged robots]] capable of navigating unstable and debris-filled terrain. The robotic mules had played some key role in assessing structural damage and delivering critical supplies to areas that were otherwise inaccessible.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-11 |title=Operation Brahma: Indian Army Deploys Robotic Mules and Nano Drones for Earthquake Rescue in Myanmar - The Logical Indian |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/operation-brahma-indian-army-deploys-robotic-mules-and-nano-drones-for-earthquake-rescue-in-myanmar/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=thelogicalindian.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition, India deployed [[Teledyne FLIR Black Hornet Nano|nano drones]] equipped with thermal imaging cameras to locate survivors trapped under rubble. The compact drones were also guided by AI and it could fly through narrow spaces and detect heat signatures which can enable rescue teams to identify and reach survivors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-11 |title=Watch: Army deploys robotic dogs and nano drones in quake-hit Myanmar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-robotic-dogs-nano-drones-earthquake-myanmar-2707569-2025-04-11 |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===13 April===<br /> An Indian Air Force (IAF) C-130J Hercules aircraft was deployed to encounter GPS signal jamming issues near the Myanmar border.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=I. M. R. |date=2025-04-13 |title=IAF C-130J Faces GPS Spoofing During Myanmar Relief Mission |url=https://imrmedia.in/iaf-c-130j-faces-gps-spoofing-during-myanmar-relief-mission/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=IMR |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sentinels |first=India |title=What is 'GPS spoofing' that Indian Air Force's transport aircraft faced in Myanmar airspace? |url=https://www.indiasentinels.com/air-force/what-is-gps-spoofing-that-indian-air-forces-transport-aircraft-c-130j-faced-in-myanmar-airspace-6747 |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.indiasentinels.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===15 April===<br /> The IAF dispatched a C-17 aircraft carrying components of 20 pre-fabricated office structures, weighing approximately 50 tonnes, to Naypyidaw, Myanmar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India dispatches 50 tonnes of pre-fabricated offices to Myanmar under Operation Brahma |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/india-dispatches-50-tonnes-of-pre-fabricated-offices-to-myanmar-under-operation-brahma/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ===16 April===<br /> The Indian Army’s Field Hospital team returned to India after completing its mission. The team consisted of 118 personnel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-04-16 |title=India's field hospital unit returns home after yeoman service in earthquake-hit Myanmar |url=https://theprint.in/india/indias-field-hospital-unit-returns-home-after-yeoman-service-in-earthquake-hit-myanmar/2592377/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Outcome==<br /> Operation Brahma has been widely known as a successful humanitarian intervention due to India’s swift response as the first responder, deploying an 80-member NDRF team and substantial resources within hours of the earthquake. It has established fully operational field hospitals, has treated over 1,370 patients and delivered 656 metric tons of aid by April 9.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2025-04-08 |title=Operation Brahma: Indian Army Continues Medical Relief Operations in Mandalay |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/operation-brahma-indian-army-continues-medical-relief-operations-in-mandalay-1503417770.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=March 29, 2025 |title=Over 1,600 dead in deadly Myanmar earthquake, India's 'Operation Brahma' delivers 137 tonnes of aid |url=http://www.businesstoday.in |access-date=April 10, 2025 |publisher=Business Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Over 2,500 patients were treated and 65 major surgeries were performed in the quake-ravaged region by the Indian hospital, established under the operation. It also conducted over 1,300 laboratory investigations and 103 X-ray procedures.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2025-04-16 |title=Operation Brahma: Indian Army Field Hospital returns after treating over 2,500 in quake-ravaged Mandalay |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/operation-brahma-indian-army-field-hospital-returns-after-treating-over-2500-in-quake-ravaged-mandalay-1503421052.html |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;100&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Shatrujeet Brigade Medical Responders with Hercules C 130J.jpg|Shatrujeet Brigade Medical Responders<br /> <br /> File:Shatrujeet Brigade Medical Responders at the Airfield before Take off for Myanmar.jpg|Shatrujeet Brigade Medical Responders<br /> <br /> File:Shatrujeet Brigade Medical Responders.jpg|Shatrujeet Brigade Medical Responders<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Operation Maitri]]<br /> * [[Operation Dost]]<br /> * [[List of populated places affected by the 2025 Myanmar earthquake]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Brahma}}<br /> [[Category:2025 in international relations]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Myanmar earthquake]]<br /> [[Category:March 2025 in Myanmar]]<br /> [[Category:Humanitarian military operations involving India]]<br /> [[Category:Modi administration]]<br /> [[Category:India–Myanmar relations]]</div>

SeymourStonehous https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rani_Bhatiyani_Temple&diff=529578 2025-10-29T23:57:35Z

<p>SeymourStonehous: added some place v1!</p> <hr /> <div>{{About|Rani Bhatiyani temple|Goddess of Power and Victory|Rani Bhatiyani}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Hindu temple<br /> | name = Rani Bhatiyani Temple<br /> | image = Srbms.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | map_type = India Rajasthan#India<br /> | map_caption = Location in Rajasthan<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|25.49|N|72.13|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | state = [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | district = [[Jasol]][[Balotra]]<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> |deity = [[Rani Bhatiyani]]<br /> |festivals = Four Day Theerth Yatra in April, [[Navaratri]]<br /> | architecture = <br /> | temple_quantity = <br /> | monument_quantity= <br /> | inscriptions = <br /> | year_completed = <br /> | creator = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> '''Rani Bhatiyani Temple''' in [[Jasol]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Weinberger-Thomas1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Catherine Weinberger-Thomas|title=Ashes of Immortality: Widow-Burning in India|url=https://archive.org/details/ashesofimmortali0000wein|url-access=registration|date=January 1999|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-88568-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/ashesofimmortali0000wein/page/168 168]}}&lt;/ref&gt; also known as Majisa Mandir, is a revered Hindu shrine dedicated to the goddess [[Rani Bhatiyani|Mata Rani Bhatiyani]]. Located on the Nakoda-Balotra road in the [[Balotra district]] of Rajasthan, the temple is a popular pilgrimage site and a major attraction for devotees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=तेरस री है रात,माजीसा आज थोने आणो हैं …………….. |url=https://www.patrika.com/barmer-news/tharas-rei-is-the-night-the-anthology-has-brought-tha-2-3458138 |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.wionews.com/pakistan/another-hindu-temple-vandalised-in-pakistan-holy-books-idols-burnt-276834|title=Another Hindu temple vandalised in Pakistan, holy books, idols burnt|work=Wionews|date=27 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-05 |title=त्रयोदशी पर जसोलधाम में झूमते नाचते श्रद्धालु माजीसा की भक्ति में रंगे आए नजर » Balotra News™ -बालोतरा न्यूज़ |url=https://balotranews.com/devotees-dancing-and-dancing-in-jasoldham-on-trayodashi-were-seen-colored-in-the-devotion-of-majisa/ |access-date=2025-10-10 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Temple features and architecture==<br /> *The newer temple is an example of Rajasthani architecture, with intricate carvings from '''Jaisalmer stone'''.<br /> *The sanctum contains an idol of Rani Bhatiyani, decorated with vibrant garments and ornaments.<br /> Devotees visit the temple throughout the year to seek blessings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=त्रयोदशी पर जसोल में मेले सा माहौल, लगी कतारें, गूंजे जयकारे |url=https://www.patrika.com/barmer-news/a-fair-atmosphere-in-jasol-on-the-three-cheerful-cheer-1-1960743 |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=माता राणी भटियाणी मंदिर: नवनिर्माण से निखार |url=https://www.patrika.com/barmer-news/mata-rani-bhatiyani-temple-navnirman-5591009 |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-10-28 |title=माता रानी भटियाणी मंदिर से लाखों की चोरी |url=https://www.m.khaskhabar.com//news.php/news-stealing-from-mata-rani-bhatiyani-temple-1-112897-KKN.html?short_url=news-stealing-from-mata-rani-bhatiyani-temple-1-112897-KKN |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=khas khabar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Portal|Hinduism|India<br /> }}<br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Barmer district]]<br /> [[Category:Shakti temples]]<br /> [[Category:Folk deities of Rajasthan]]<br /> {{Hindu temples in Rajasthan}}<br /> <br /> {{India-hindu-temple-stub}}<br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Barmer]]<br /> {{Hindu-temple-stub}}</div>

SeymourStonehous