https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=SergutyBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-06T08:23:03ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashim_Kumar_Sarkar&diff=487855Ashim Kumar Sarkar2026-05-06T17:02:45Z<p>Serguty: Adding new bio...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Asim Kumar Sarkar<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 2 May 2021<br />
| term_end = <br />
| constituency = [[Haringhata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Haringhata]]<br />
| predecessor = Nilima Nag<br />
| successor = Incumbent<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|11|17}}<br />
| spouse = <br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| profession = Folk Singer/Kabigan (Gold Medalist)<br />
| education = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Asim Kumar Sarkar''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and a folk singer ([[Kavigan]]). In May 2021, he was elected as a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Haringhata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Haringhata (constituency)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haringhata Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Asim Kumar Sarkar of BJP Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/haringhata-election-result-2021-live-updates-haringhata-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3694961.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Assembly Poll 2021: In Nadia BJP Bagged 9 Seats, Trinamul 8|url=https://newsfromnadia.in/assembly-poll-2021-in-nadia-bjp-bagged-9-seats-trinamul-8/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=Millennium Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Haringhata, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/haringhata-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797173-2021-05-02|access-date=2021-05-16|website=The India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Asim Kumar Sarkar (Criminal & Asset Declaration)|url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1090|access-date=2021-05-16|website=MyNeta.com}}</ref> He defeated Nilima Nag of [[All India Trinamool Congress]] by 15,200 votes in [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021 West Bengal Assembly election]].<br />
<br />
Recently mahogany and mango trees of the MLA's land were cut down by miscreants, the arrow of his accusation<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 July 2021|title=বিজেপি বিধায়কের জমির গাছ কেটে নিয়ে গেল দুস্কৃতিরা|work=[[Ranaghat News]]|url=https://ranaghatnews.in/chakda_mla_threat_visit_suvendu/|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref> is against the opposition's miscreants.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarkar, Asim Kumar}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Nadia district]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male folk singers]]<br />
[[Category:1960 births]]<br />
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]<br />
<br />
{{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajya_Rani_Superfast_Express&diff=528834Rajya Rani Superfast Express2026-05-01T20:44:58Z<p>Serguty: starting some article initial version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Train in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| name = Saharsa – Patna Rajya Rani Express<br />
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| type = [[Rajya Rani Express]]<ref name="rajyarani">{{cite web|title=Rajya Rani Express to Connect State Capitals With Important Cities of Those States|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=70179|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|accessdate=25 February 2011}}</ref><br />
| first = {{start date and age|2012|03|18}}<br />
| last = <br />
| operator = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]<br />
Primary maintenance Saharsa coaching depot <br />
<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = [[Lalitgram railway station|Lalitgram]] (LLP)<br />
| stops = 7<br />
| end = {{stnlnk|Patna Junction}} (PNBE)<br />
| distance = {{convert|214|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 4 hrs 5 mins<br />
| frequency = Daily<br />
| class = AC 3 Tier Economy, AC Chair Car, General Unreserved<br />
| seating = Yes<br />
| sleeping = Yes<br />
| autorack = Overhead racks<br />
| catering = E-catering<br />
| observation = Large windows<br />
| entertainment = <br />
| baggage = No<br />
| otherfacilities = Below the seats<br />
| stock = [[LHB coach]]<br />
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}<br />
| electrification = <br />
| trainnumber = 15509/15510/15503 /15504<br />
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, <br/>{{convert|54|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.<br />
| map = {{routemap|inline=1|map=<br />
ENDEa~~{{stnlnk|Saharsa Junction}}<br />
HST~~[[Simri Bakhtiyarpur Railway Station]]<br />
HST~~[[Mansi Junction railway station]]<br />
HST~~{{stnlnk|Khagaria Junction}}<br />
HST~~[[Begusarai railway station]]<br />
BHF~~[[New Barauni Junction]]<br />
HST~~{{stnlnk|Bakhtiyarpur Junction}}<br />
KBHFe~~{{stnlnk|Patna Junction}}<br />
}}<br />
| map_state = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''The Rajya Rani Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|superfast express]] train operated by the [[East Central Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]]. It runs between [[Lalitgram railway station]] and Patna on five days of the week, and between Shaarsa and Patna on the remaining two days.<br />
<ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Anamika |title=Patna-Lalitgram Rajya Rani Express to run 5 days a week – Check route, timings |url=https://www.etnownews.com/infrastructure/patna-lalitgram-rajya-rani-express-to-run-5-days-a-week-check-route-timings-article-152826826 |website=ET Now |date=16 September 2025 |access-date=17 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
It operates as train number 15509 from Lalitgram to Patna Junction and as train number 15510 from Patna Junction to Lalitgram Junction. Between Saharsa and Patna, it operates as train number 15503, and in the reverse direction, from Patna to Saharsa, as train number 15504.<ref>{{cite web |title=Extension of Rajyarani Superfast Express up to Lalitgram |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/vaishali/raghopur/news/extension-of-rajyarani-superfast-express-up-to-lalitgram-134368752.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=Hindi |access-date=17 September 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Coaches==<br />
<br />
The 12567 / 68 Saharsa Junction–Patna Junction Rajya Rani Express has 3 AC Chair Car, 18 General coach 2 EOG. New LHB rakes allotted.<br />
<br />
As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.<br />
<br />
==Service==<br />
<br />
The 12567 / 68 Saharsa Junction–Patna Junction Rajya Rani Express covers the distance of {{convert|224|km|0|abbr=on}} in 04 hours 00 mins (56.00&nbsp;km/h) in both directions [http://www.holidayiq.com/railways/saharsa-patna-rajya-rani-sf-express-12567-train.html].<br />
<br />
As the average speed of the train is above {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.<br />
<br />
==Routeing==<br />
<br />
The 12567 / 12568 Saharsa–Patna Rajya Rani Express runs from Saharsa Junction via , [[Simri Bakhtiyarpur Railway Station|Simri Bakhtiyarpur]] {{stnlnk|Mansi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Khagaria Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Begusarai}}, [[New Barauni Junction]], {{stnlnk|Mokama Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Bakhtiyarpur Junction}} to Patna Junction [http://www.holidayiq.com/railways/saharsa-patna-rajya-rani-sf-express-12567-train.html].<br />
<br />
==Traction==<br />
<br />
earlier it was [[WDP-4D]] or a [[WDM-3D]]. As route is fully electrified, a [[Electric Loco Shed, Gomoh|Gomoh Loco Shed]] or [[Diesel Loco Shed, Samastipur|Samastipur Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive hauls the train for its entire journey.<br />
<br />
==Operation==<br />
<br />
*12567 Saharsa Junction–Patna Junction Rajya Rani Express runs from Saharsa Junction on a daily basis reaching Patna Junction the same day.<br />
*12568 Patna Junction–Saharsa Junction Rajya Rani Express runs from Patna Junction on a daily basis reaching Saharsa Junction the same day.<br />
<br />
==Incidents==<br />
{{main|Dhamara Ghat train accident}}<br />
*On 19 August 2013, the 12567 Saharsa Junction–Patna Junction Rajya Rani Express [[Dhamara Ghat train accident|ran over 37 persons and injured 24 persons who were illegally crossing the tracks at Dhamara Ghat station]]. Furious over the 12567 Saharsa Junction–Patna Junction Rajya Rani Express's refusal to give way to the trespassers or stop for them, a mob set fire to the engine and severely damaged railway property [http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bihar-train-accident-37-killed-as-rajyarani-express-runs-over-pilgrims/1157072/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20151003043058/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130819/news-current-affairs/article/12-feared-killed-speeding-train-bihar].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Rajya Rani Express]]<br />
* [[Dhamara Ghat train accident]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
* http://media2.intoday.in/businesstoday/images/RailBudget_2011-12.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913010802/http://media2.intoday.in/businesstoday/images/RailBudget_2011-12.pdf |date=13 September 2014 }}<br />
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unPbpqMab4Q<br />
* http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bihar-train-accident-37-killed-as-rajyarani-express-runs-over-pilgrims/1157072/<br />
* http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130819/news-current-affairs/article/12-feared-killed-speeding-train-bihar<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195924/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130822/jsp/bihar/story_17257942.jsp#.VA6vKKMyJXs]<br />
* http://www.holidayiq.com/railways/saharsa-patna-rajya-rani-sf-express-12567-train.html<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in|title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger reservation Enquiry|publisher=indianrail.gov.in|accessdate=2014-04-05}}<br />
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org|title=&#91;IRFCA&#93; Welcome to IRFCA.org, the home of IRFCA on the internet.|publisher=IRFCA|accessdate=2014-04-05}}<br />
<br />
{{Rajya Rani Express}}<br />
{{Railways in Eastern India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saharsa-Patna Rajya Rani Express}}<br />
[[Category:Transport in Saharsa]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Patna]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Rani Express trains]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2012]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palavaram,_Eluru_district&diff=523885Palavaram, Eluru district2026-04-26T13:42:02Z<p>Serguty: starting a location w/ refs...</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Palavaram<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = te<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = [[Village]]<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|16|58|57|N|80|54|50|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Krishna|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=17 February 2016|page=16,262|format=PDF}}</ref><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 18.16<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 4670<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=627377|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref><br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = AP <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Palavaram''' is a village in [[Eluru district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in Chatrai [[mandal]] of [[Nuzvid revenue division]].<ref name="census" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Eluru district]]<br />
<br />
{{Krishna-geo-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Panwar&diff=489393Balraj Panwar2026-04-24T12:11:02Z<p>Serguty: Adding a entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian rower}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Balraj Panwar<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = Balraj Panwar<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|07|26}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Kaimla]], [[Karnal district]], [[Haryana]], India<br />
| height = <br />
| weight = <br />
| headercolor = Gold<br />
| sport = [[Rowing (sport)|Rowing]]<br />
| occupation = [[Rower]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox military person<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}<br />
| branch = {{army|India}}<br />
| serviceyears = 2018–present<br />
| rank = [[File:Naib Subedar - Naib Risaldar of the Indian Army.svg|25px]] [[Naib Subedar]]<br />
}}<br />
| coach = {{unbulleted list|Ismail Baig|[[Bajrang Lal Takhar]]}}<br />
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Country| {{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalSport| Men's single sculls [[rowing]] }} [[File:Rowing pictogram.svg|30px]]<br />
{{MedalCount | total = yes<br />
| Paris Olympics 2024 | 0 | 0 | 0 <br />
| World Asian and Oceanian Olympic | 0 | 0 | 1<br />
| Asian Games 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0<br />
| National Games | 1 | 0 | 0<br />
| National rowing championships | 2 | 0 | 0<br />
| Open Sprints National Rowing Championship | 0 | 0 | 1<br />
}} {{MedalCompetition | [[Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}<br />
[[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]]<br />
{{Medal|23rd|[[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Paris]]|[[Rowing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's single sculls|M1X]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition | [[2024 World Asian and Oceanian Olympics regatta]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2024 World Asian and Oceanian Olympics regatta|2024 Korea]]|[[Rowing at 2024 World Asian and Oceanian Olympics regatta – Men's singles scull|M1X]]}} <br />
{{MedalCompetition | [[Asian Games]]}}<br />
{{Medal|4th|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 China]]|[[Rowing at 2022 Asian Games – Men's singles scull|M1X]]}} <br />
{{MedalCompetition | [[Asian Rowing Championships]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2025 Asian Rowing Championships|2025 Haiphong]]|[[Rowing at 2025 Asian Rowing Championships – Men's singles scull|M1X]]}} <br />
{{MedalCompetition | [[World Rowing Cup|World Cup]]}}<br />
{{Medal||2023 Switzerland|[[Rowing at 2023 World Cup – Men's singles scull|M1X]]}} <br />
{{Medal||2024 Poland|[[Rowing at 2024 World Cup – Men's singles scull|M1X]]}} <br />
{{MedalCompetition | [[National Games of India|National Games]]}}<br />
{{Medal||[[2022 National Games of India|2022 Gujarat]]|[[Rowing at 2022 National Games – Men's singles scull|M1X]]}} <br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2023 National Games of India|2023 Goa]]|[[Rowing at 2023 National Games – Men's singles scull|M1X]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition | National Rowing Championship}}<br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2023 National Rowing Championship|2023 Pune]]|[[Rowing at 2023 National Rowing Championship – Men's quadruple sculls|M4X]]}} <br />
{{Medal|Gold|[[2024 National Rowing Championship|2024 Pune]]|[[Rowing at 2024 National Rowing Championship – Men's singles scull|M1X]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition | [[Open Sprint National Rowing Championships|Open Sprint National Rowing Championship]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2024 Open Sprint National Rowing Championship|2024 Pune]]|[[Rowing at 2024 Open Sprint National Rowing Championship – Men's Single sculls|M1X]]}} <br />
}}<br />
'''Balraj Panwar''' (born 26 July 1999)<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Rowing - Balraj PANWAR |url=https://worldrowing.com/athlete/balraj-panwar?id=58979 |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=World Rowing |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian [[rower]] from [[Kaimla]], [[Haryana]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=21 April 2024 |title=Balraj Panwar, 25-year-old Indian army rower, makes history, secures India's first rowing quota for Paris Olympics |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/balraj-panwar-25-year-old-indian-army-rower-makes-history-secures-indias-first-rowing-quota-for-paris-olympics/3463918/ |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725183003/https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/balraj-panwar-25-year-old-indian-army-rower-makes-history-secures-indias-first-rowing-quota-for-paris-olympics/3463918/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He competes in the men's [[single scull]]s. He qualified to represent [[India at the 2024 Summer Olympics]] in [[Paris]] in the [[men's single sculls]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=21 April 2024 |title=Balraj Panwar secures India's first quota in rowing for Paris Olympics |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/balraj-panwar-secures-indias-first-quota-in-rowing-for-paris-olympics/article68090237.ece |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427073757/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/balraj-panwar-secures-indias-first-quota-in-rowing-for-paris-olympics/article68090237.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2024 |title=Balraj Panwar Secures India's First Quota in Rowing for Paris Olympics |url=https://www.news18.com/other-sports/balraj-panwar-secures-indias-first-quota-in-rowing-for-paris-olympics-8860453.html |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427073736/https://www.news18.com/other-sports/balraj-panwar-secures-indias-first-quota-in-rowing-for-paris-olympics-8860453.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/story/_/id/40659552/the-ms-dhoni-indian-rowing-balraj-panwar-aims-live-moniker-olympic-debut|title=The MS Dhoni of Indian rowing - Balraj Panwar aims to live up to moniker at Olympic debut|date=28 July 2024 |publisher=Espn}}</ref> and finished 23rd.<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Panwar was born in [[Kaimla]] village, [[Gharaunda]] subdivision, [[Karnal]], Haryana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=From handling father's death to joining army for financial stability, Balraj Panwar, rowing's MS Dhoni, ready for Paris Olympics |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/balraj-panwar-ms-dhoni-india-rowing-paris-2024-olympics-9285028/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427073736/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/balraj-panwar-ms-dhoni-india-rowing-paris-2024-olympics-9285028/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His father Randhir Panwar died when he was 10 and his mother Kamala Panwar brought him up and four other siblings by doing odd jobs like picking vegetables, selling milk, working at construction sites or shred wheat.<ref name=":1" /> She also worked at a garment factory.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=24 September 2023 |title=Asian Games: Two Years Into Rowing, Balraj Wants to Win a Medal for His Mother |url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/asian-games/asian-games-two-years-into-rowing-balraj-panwar-wants-to-win-a-medal-for-his-mother |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=IANS |via=TheQuint |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427082733/https://www.thequint.com/sports/asian-games/asian-games-two-years-into-rowing-balraj-panwar-wants-to-win-a-medal-for-his-mother |url-status=live }}</ref> He is married and has one child. He joined [[Indian Army]] as a [[sepoy]] to support his family financially. He was first posted at the Bengal Engineering Group.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 April 2024 |title=Panwar wins bronze to confirm Paris berth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/panwar-wins-bronze-to-confirm-paris-berth/articleshow/109485066.cms |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427073757/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/panwar-wins-bronze-to-confirm-paris-berth/articleshow/109485066.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He is preparing for the Olympics at the Army Training Node at [[Pune]] from October 2021.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3"/> He is training under National coach Ismail Baig and 2008 Olympian [[Bajrang Lal Takhar]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Panwar won a bronze medal at the Asia-Oceania Olympic Qualification rowing competition in [[Chungju]], South Korea on 21 April 2024 to book India's first Olympic quota in rowing for the 2024 Paris Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balraj Panwar seals India's first Paris Olympics quota in rowing |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-balraj-panwar-seals-india-s-first-paris-olympics-quota-in-rowing-3086312 |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427073758/https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-balraj-panwar-seals-india-s-first-paris-olympics-quota-in-rowing-3086312 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4"/> He was leading until the first 1600 metres in the 2&nbsp;km race, but lost time in the last 500 metres. But his early lead helped him qualify for the Olympics.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Earlier, he missed the bronze medal at the [[2022 Asian Games]]<ref name=":0" /> after qualifying for the final.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2023 |title=Asian Games 2023: Rower Balraj Panwar advances to men's single scull Final |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/asian-games-2023/story/asian-games-2023-rowing-bajaj-panwar-mens-singles-scull-2439101-2023-09-22 |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427073757/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/asian-games-2023/story/asian-games-2023-rowing-bajaj-panwar-mens-singles-scull-2439101-2023-09-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a second reserve, he was a last-minute participant at the Asian Games.<ref name=":1" /> He also took part in the World Championship at [[Switzerland]] before Asian Games in July 2023.<ref name=":3" /> In the army, he was picked up for rowing because of his 6-foot height and winning the battalion regatta in his first attempt.<ref name=":3" /> Earlier, he took part in the 2022 National Games and 2023 National Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2023 |title=Rookie rower Balraj looks forward to WC exposure before Asiad test |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2023/Jul/04/rookie-rower-balraj-looks-forward-to-wc-exposure-before-asiad-test-2591072.html |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728080150/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2023/Jul/04/rookie-rower-balraj-looks-forward-to-wc-exposure-before-asiad-test-2591072.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Panwar won the gold medal at the 2025 Asian Rowing Championships in [[Hai Phong]], [[Vietnam]], in the men’s single scull (M1X) event.<ref name=”Kumaraswamy_2025”>{{cite news |last1= Kumaraswamy|first1= K |title=Asian Rowing Championships: Balraj Panwar's gold caps India's campaign |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/asian-rowing-championships-balraj-panwars-gold-caps-indias-campaign/articleshow/124698609.cms |date=20 October 2025|access-date=22 October 2025 |publisher=Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
{{Commons}}<br />
{{Instagram|id=balraj_rowing|name=Balraj Panwar}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panwar, Balraj}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male rowers]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:People from Karnal district]]<br />
[[Category:Rowers at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic rowers for India]]<br />
[[Category:1999 births]]<br />
[[Category:Rowers at the 2022 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._Kumo_Sha&diff=504900J. Kumo Sha2026-04-19T16:42:40Z<p>Serguty: started new details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian politician|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific_prefix = <br />
| name = J Kumo Sha<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = 6 March 1982<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| office1 = [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Member of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency1 = [[Karong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karong]]<br />
| term_start1 = 2022<br />
| term_end1 = <!-- fill this only after his term ends --><br />
| predecessor1 = [[D D Thaisii]]<br />
| successor1 = <br />
| party = Independent<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| father = D. Jonathan<br />
| education = B.A.<br />
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]<br />
| profession = Social Worker<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = <br />
<br />
| <br />
| year = <br />
<br />
| <br />
| source = <br />
}}<br />
'''J Kumo Sha''' is an Indian politician from [[Poumai Naga people|Poumai]] tribe of [[Manipur]]. He was elected from the [[Karong Assembly constituency]] in the [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=J Kumo Sha |url=https://myneta.info/manipur2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=230 |website=My Neta |access-date=26 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MLA elect Kumo Sha assures upliftment of Karong AC |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=36..120322.mar22 |website=Epao |access-date=26 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poumai Naga Areas declared drugs free |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/poumai-naga-areas-in-manipur-declared-drug-free-zone/articleshow/91408887.cms |website=Times of India |access-date=26 May 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]<br />
[[Category:1982 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Senapati district]]<br />
[[Category:Naga people]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Manipur-politician-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changlang_North_Assembly_constituency&diff=493523Changlang North Assembly constituency2026-04-18T23:41:34Z<p>Serguty: New post...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Arunachal Pradesh state, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Changlang North<br />
| state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Changlang district|Changlang]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal East]]<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| map_image = Changlang North Assembly constituency map.svg<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 53<br />
| established = 1990<br />
| mla = [[Tesam Pongte]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| electors = 10,341<br />
<br />
}}<br />
'''Changlang North''' is one of the 60 [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}</ref> It is in [[Changlang district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref name=apceo>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC & PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://changlang.nic.in/constituencies/|title=Constituencies {{!}} Changlang District, Government of Arunachal Pradesh|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-07}}</ref> It has existed since 1990. As of 2024, its representative is [[Tesam Pongte]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Election<br />
!Name<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
| [[Wangnia Pongte]]<ref name=election1990>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4032-arunachal-pradesh-1990/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 1990 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<ref name=election1995>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4035-arunachal-pradesh-1995/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 1995 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><br />
|rowspan=2| [[Thinghap Taiju]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<ref name=election1999>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4036-arunachal-pradesh-1999/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 1999 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
| Wangnia Pongte<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4038-arunachal-pradesh-2004/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
| Thinghap Taiju<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4039-arunachal-pradesh-2009/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="16 Arunachal ministers, Parliamentary secretaries lose in assembly polls">{{cite news |date=17 May 2014 |title=16 Arunachal ministers, Parliamentary secretaries lose in assembly polls |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/16-arunachal-ministers-parliamentary-secretaries-lose-in-assembly-polls/articleshow/35253733.cms?from=mdr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520164113/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/16-arunachal-ministers-parliamentary-secretaries-lose-in-assembly-polls/articleshow/35253733.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=20 May 2025 |access-date=20 May 2025 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4040-arunachal-pradesh-2014/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><br />
|rowspan=3| [[Tesam Pongte]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=election2019/><br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name="Election Results 2024 Arunachal Pradesh: Full list of winners on all 60 Legislative Assembly seats of Arunachal Pradesh2">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |date=2 June 2024 |title=Election Results 2024 Arunachal Pradesh: Full list of winners on all 60 Legislative Assembly seats of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/election-results-2024-arunachal-pradesh-full-list-of-winners-on-all-60-legislative-assembly-seats-of-arunachal-pradesh-9366866/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603080201/https://indianexpress.com/elections/election-results-2024-arunachal-pradesh-full-list-of-winners-on-all-60-legislative-assembly-seats-of-arunachal-pradesh-9366866/ |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024: Complete list of constituency-wise winners2">{{cite news |last1=India TV News |last2= |first2= |date=2 June 2024 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024: Complete list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-list-of-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-pema-khandu-updates-2024-06-02-934271 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603080244/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-list-of-constituency-wise-leading-winning-candidates-parties-bjp-congress-pema-khandu-updates-2024-06-02-934271 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=3 June 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly Election 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Changlang North<ref name="Changlang North (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Changlang North (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/changlang-north |accessdate=31 May 2025 |work= |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531053659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/changlang-north |archivedate=31 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Changlang North">{{cite news |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Changlang North |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0253.htm |accessdate=31 May 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531053702/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0253.htm |archivedate=31 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Changlang North Assembly Election Result 2024: BJP's Tesam Pongte wins">{{cite news |title=Changlang North Assembly Election Result 2024: BJP's Tesam Pongte wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/changlang-north-assembly-election-results-2024-changlang-north-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110634331.cms |accessdate=31 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531053711/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/changlang-north-assembly-election-results-2024-changlang-north-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110634331.cms |archivedate=31 May 2025}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tesam Pongte]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,524 |percentage=51.81% |change={{decrease}}16.54 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dihom Kitnya |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=2,522 |percentage=28.88% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Marina Kenglang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,547 |percentage=17.72% |change={{decrease}}12.59 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nyasam Jongsam |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=75 |percentage=0.86% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=64 |percentage=0.73% |change={{decrease}}0.60 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,002 |percentage=22.93% |change= {{decrease}}15.12 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,732 |percentage=84.44% |change= {{increase}}0.74 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,341 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.22 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}16.54 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Changlang North<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tesam Pongte]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,417 |percentage=68.35% |change={{increase}}21.52 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinghaap Taiju |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,402 |percentage=30.31% |change={{decrease}}2.59 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=106 |percentage=1.34% |change={{increase}}0.06 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,015 |percentage=38.04% |change= {{increase}}24.11 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,925 |percentage=83.70% |change= {{increase}}2.71 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,468 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.01 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}21.52 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Changlang North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080618/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tesam Pongte]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,486 |percentage=46.83% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinghaap Taiju |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,449 |percentage=32.90% |change={{decrease}}20.01 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nongming Kamba Longchang |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,211 |percentage=16.27% |change={{increase}}5.86 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hmppa Taidong |party=Naga People's Front |votes=203 |percentage=2.73% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=95 |percentage=1.28% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,037 |percentage=13.93% |change= {{decrease}}2.30 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,444 |percentage=80.99% |change= {{decrease}}3.75 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,191 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.81 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.08 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Changlang North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404184244/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinghaap Taiju |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,088 |percentage=52.91% |change={{increase}}8.58 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wangnia Pongte]] |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=2,834 |percentage=36.68% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hmppa Taidong |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=804 |percentage=10.41% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,254 |percentage=16.23% |change= {{increase}}5.62 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,726 |percentage=84.74% |change= {{increase}}17.47 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,117 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}18.97 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 2004 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Changlang North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324145008/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wangnia Pongte]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,356 |percentage=44.33% |change={{decrease}}3.83 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinghaap Taiju |party=Independent politician |votes=2,553 |percentage=33.73% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tengam Ngemu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,661 |percentage=21.94% |change={{increase}}4.65 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=803 |percentage=10.61% |change= {{decrease}}3.01 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,570 |percentage=64.30% |change= {{decrease}}2.17 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,252 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.04 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 1999 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Changlang North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinghaap Taiju |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,516 |percentage=48.16% |change={{decrease}}1.22 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wangnia Pongte]] |party=Independent politician |votes=2,522 |percentage=34.55% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tengam Ngemu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,262 |percentage=17.29% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=994 |percentage=13.62% |change= {{increase}}12.39 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,300 |percentage=71.58% |change= {{decrease}}15.11 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,512 |ref = |change= {{increase}}33.38 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 1995 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Changlang North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144239/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinghaap Taiju |party=Independent politician |votes=3,373 |percentage=50.62% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wangnia Pongte]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,291 |percentage=49.38% |change={{increase}}7.90 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=82 |percentage=1.23% |change= {{decrease}}10.10 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,664 |percentage=87.24% |change= {{increase}}14.75 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,881 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.55 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 1990 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Changlang North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wangnia Pongte]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,028 |percentage=41.49% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinghaap Taiju |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,474 |percentage=30.16% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phosum Khimhun |party=Independent politician |votes=1,359 |percentage=27.80% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kapsam |party=Independent politician |votes=27 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=554 |percentage=11.33% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,888 |percentage=71.39% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,002 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
*[[Changlang district]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|27.759|96.619|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Changlang district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Changlang]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1990]]<br />
[[Category:1990 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hina_Bano&diff=502773Hina Bano2026-04-13T02:47:58Z<p>Serguty: started new stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian junior field hockey player}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}<br />
'''Hina Bano''' (born 10 March 2004) is an Indian Junior [[field hockey]] player from Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hina Bano - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindia.org/players/hina-bano-profile-7330 |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> She was selected for the Junior Indian team in 2023. She plays as a midfielder for [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railway Sports Promotion Board]] and National Centre of Excellence, Bangalore in the domestic tournaments and for Soorma Hockey Club in the [[Hockey India League|Hero Hockey India League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hina Bano - Hockey India League - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindialeague.com/players/hina-bano-profile-7330#:~:text=*%20Position%20Midfielder.%20*%20Age%2021.%20*%20Country%20India. |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=hockeyindialeague.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Bano was born in Gorakhpur, Lucknow on 10 March 2004. Her father died when she was young and her grandfather, Ujagar Ali, brought her up. Her grandfather used to work as a barber for the army personnel.<ref name=":0" /> She initially started as an athlete, but switched to hockey following a suggestion by school coach Abhishek. She was selected to train at Sports Authority of India hostel at Lucknow but her school principal had to visit her home to convince the family to send her to the hostel, where she trained under coach Nilam Kapoor.<ref name=":0" /> She is part of the North Eastern Railway Sports Association.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=हिना बानो का जूनियर हॉकी विश्व कप के लिए चयन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur/story-talented-hockey-player-hina-bano-selected-for-fih-junior-women-s-hockey-world-cup-2025-201762877725120.html |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Bano represented the Junior National Team at the 2023 4 Nations Junior Women’s Invitational Tournament in Düsseldorf. Later, she was part of the [[India women's national under-21 field hockey team]] at the 2023 FIH Junior World Cup at Santiago, Chile.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-22 |title=India go down in shootout against Australia in FIH Pro League Hobart Leg |url=https://thebridge.in/hockey/india-vs-australia-fih-pro-league-2026-hobart-shootout-55995 |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> She scored a goal in the 3-1 victory against Wales to become the second highest goal-scorer of the tournament at that stage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-08 |title=Hockey, Junior World Cup: Hina Bano adds to her goal tally as India beat Wales in the classification match after missing out on quarterfinals |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/junior-world-cup-india-womens-beat-wales-classification-match-10408547/ |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
She is selected for the senior Indian women's national coaching camp at SAI Bengaluru in preparation for the FIH Hockey Women's World Cup Qualifiers in March 2026 at Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five emerging Indian talents who stood out at Womens Hockey India League |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/five-emerging-indian-talents-who-stood-out-at-womens-hockey-india-league/ |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bano, Hina}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2004 births]]<br />
[[Category:Hockey India League players]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kajol_filmography&diff=507476Kajol filmography2026-04-09T03:27:20Z<p>Serguty: started new info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{featured list}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}<br />
[[File:Kajol in October 2021.jpg|alt=A picture of Kajol, looking towards the camera.|thumb|Kajol in 2021]]<br />
[[Kajol]] is an Indian actress who is known for her work in [[Hindi]] films. She made her screen debut in the 1992 film ''[[Bekhudi]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rege |first1=Harshada |title=Is Parineeti Chopra the next Kajol? |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-is-parineeti-chopra-the-next-kajol-1888144 |access-date=19 January 2015 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=13 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119205341/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-is-parineeti-chopra-the-next-kajol-1888144 |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref> She was noted for her performance and went on to sign the 1993 commercially successful thriller ''[[Baazigar]]'' opposite [[Shah Rukh Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Think you know Kajol? |author1=Kucikan, Uday |author2=Patcy N |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/quiz/20050805.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=3 February 2015 |date=5 August 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204000409/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/quiz/20050805.htm |archive-date= 4 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Happy Birthday Kajol: 10 best films of her career |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-happy-birthday-kajol-10-best-films-of-her-career-1870310 |access-date=19 January 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=5 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220092842/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-happy-birthday-kajol-10-best-films-of-her-career-1870310 |archive-date=20 December 2014 }}</ref> She starred in the 1994 film ''[[Udhaar Ki Zindagi]]'', which earned her critical acclaim.<ref name="record">{{cite book|first1=Bhaichand |last1=Patel |title=Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema |isbn=978-0-6700-857-29 |page=253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQL4dkVAnPIC |date=2012 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202220039/https://books.google.no/books?id=RQL4dkVAnPIC |archive-date=2 February 2015 }}</ref> This was followed by a role in ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]'' alongside [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Saif Ali Khan]]. Kajol featured in five films in 1995. She appeared briefly in the [[thriller (genre)|thriller]] ''[[Karan Arjun]]'', and played Simran, an [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]] in [[Aditya Chopra]]’s romance ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'',<ref name="EdwardsBhaumik2008">{{cite book|author1=Elizabeth Edwards |author2=Kaushik Bhaumik |title=Visual Sense: A Cultural Reader |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HEjJwIr0qUMC |access-date=5 June 2012 |date=15 December 2008 |publisher=Berg |isbn=978-1-84520-740-3 |page=134 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627190911/http://books.google.com/books?id=HEjJwIr0qUMC |archive-date=27 June 2014 }}</ref><ref name="DDLJ">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-kajol-top-10-bollywood-moments/3/ |title=Happy Birthday Kajol: Top 10 Bollywood moments |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=4 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119212625/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-kajol-top-10-bollywood-moments/3/ |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref> both of which ranked among the [[List of Bollywood films of 1995|highest-grossing Bollywood films of the year]],<ref name="Flop1995">{{cite web|title=Box Office 1995 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=201&catName=MTk5NQ== |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=19 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115230156/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=201&catName=MTk5NQ%3D%3D |archive-date=15 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the success of the latter established her career in Bollywood.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gera |first1=Sonia |title=Ode to DDLJ – YRF releases a new trailer for Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol's film |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ode-to-dilwale-dulhaniya-le-jayenge-yrf-releases-a-new-trailer-for-shah-rukh-khan-kajols-movie/ |access-date=19 February 2015 |work=The Indian Express |date=25 November 2014 |location=New Delhi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130025041/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ode-to-dilwale-dulhaniya-le-jayenge-yrf-releases-a-new-trailer-for-shah-rukh-khan-kajols-movie/ |archive-date=30 January 2015 }}</ref> As of 2021, ''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge'' is the longest-running Indian film.{{efn|As of December 2014, the film is playing at the [[Maratha Mandir]] theatre in Mumbai for 1000 weeks.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chughtai |first1=Waqas |title=India's longest running film, Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, marks a major milestone |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/india-s-longest-running-film-dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge-marks-a-major-milestone-1.2861748 |publisher=[[CBC News]] |access-date=30 January 2015 |date=7 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107203309/http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/india-s-longest-running-film-dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge-marks-a-major-milestone-1.2861748 |archive-date= 7 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Alok |first1=Rohit |title=DDLJ completes 1000th week at Maratha Mandir |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/ddlj-completes-1000th-week-at-maratha-mandir/ |access-date=3 February 2015 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204011932/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/ddlj-completes-1000th-week-at-maratha-mandir/ |archive-date= 4 February 2015 }}</ref>}} Also in 1995, she appeared in the box-office flops ''[[Hulchul (1995 film)|Hulchul]]'' and ''[[Gundaraj]]''.<ref name="Flop1995"/><ref>{{cite web|title=B'day Bumps: Kajol turns 35 today |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/2282-5.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=19 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222183441/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/2282-5.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> Her only screen appearance of 1996 was in ''[[Bambai Ka Babu (1996 film)|Bambai Ka Babu]]'', a financial failure.<ref name="flop">{{cite web|first1=Sukyana |last1=Verma |title=Oh Kajol! Unraveling a phenomenon |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/06intro.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=19 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119212350/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/06intro.htm |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1997, Kajol featured in the film ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'', her first [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] feature.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kajol celebrates 39th birthday|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kajol-celebrates-39th-birthday/articleshow/21618135.cms|access-date=4 February 2015|work=The Times of India|date=5 August 2013|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730192928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kajol-celebrates-39th-birthday/articleshow/21618135.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> She played an obsessive lover in the mystery film ''[[Gupt: The Hidden Truth|Gupt]]'' (1997), and became the first woman to win the [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role]].<ref name="Gupt">{{cite news|title=Top 10 Actresses in negative role |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/top-lists/Top-10-Actresses-in-negative-role/videols/20205854.cms |access-date=19 January 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=4 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214091519/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/top-lists/Top-10-Actresses-in-negative-role/videols/20205854.cms |archive-date=14 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Obsessive lovers on silver screen |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/obsessive-lovers-on-silver-screen/Kajol/articleshow/26850267.cms |access-date=26 January 2015 |work=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215103246/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/celeb-themes/obsessive-lovers-on-silver-screen/Kajol/articleshow/26850267.cms |archive-date=15 February 2015 }}</ref> Later in 1997, she featured as a poor girl in the romantic film ''[[Ishq (1997 film)|Ishq]]'',<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |title=Same old story |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19971208-film-review-ishq-starring-aamir-khan-ajay-devgan-juhi-chawla-kajol-831042-1997-12-07 |access-date=6 February 2015 |work=[[India Today]] |date=8 December 1997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207060308/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-ishq-starring-aamir-khan-ajay-devgan-juhi-chawla-kajol/1/275321.html |archive-date= 7 February 2015 }}</ref> a box-office hit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 1997|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=203&catName=MTk5Nw|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013501/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=203&catName=MTk5Nw|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> In 1998, she played the leading lady in three romantic comedies, which were among the [[List of Bollywood films of 1998|top-grossing Bollywood productions of the year]] — ''[[Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya]]'', ''[[Pyaar To Hona Hi Tha]]'', and ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 1998 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=204&catName=MTk5OA== |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=19 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023165558/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=204&catName=MTk5OA%3D%3D |archive-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also in 1998, she played dual roles in the drama ''[[Dushman (1998 film)|Dushman]]''. The following year, she played the secret lover of [[Ajay Devgn]]'s character in ''[[Dil Kya Kare]]'' and starred in the commercially successful film ''[[Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain]]'' opposite [[Anil Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Taliculam |first1=Sharmila |title=The heart has its reasons |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/sep/24dil.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=31 January 2015 |date=24 September 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140601/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/sep/24dil.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 1999 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205&catName=MTk5OQ== |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=19 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115230056/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205&catName=MTk5OQ%3D%3D |archive-date=15 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following this, she starred in the films ''[[Raju Chacha]]'' (2000) and ''[[Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi]]'' (2001), both of which performed poorly at the box-office.<ref name="flop"/><br />
<br />
Kajol played opposite Khan in [[Karan Johar]]'s ensemble melodrama ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]'' (2001), which became the highest-grossing Bollywood film in overseas to that point.<ref name="Overseas Box Office">{{cite web|publisher=Box Office India |title=Top Lifetime Grossers Overseas |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU= |access-date=19 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006052405/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |archive-date= 6 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gopal |first1=Sangita |title=Conjugations: Marriage and Form in New Bollywood Cinema |date=26 January 2012 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-2263-042-74 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVO6GMT_OIAC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518135952/https://books.google.com/books?id=sVO6GMT_OIAC |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref> After a five-year absence from film, Kajol played a blind [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] girl in the romantic thriller ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'' (2006) opposite [[Aamir Khan]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kane|first1=Aidti Jaykar|title=She's got the look|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/Shes-got-the-look/articleshow/1920347.cms|access-date=19 January 2015|work=The Times of India|date=17 April 2008|archive-date=5 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205125213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/Shes-got-the-look/articleshow/1920347.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film, which was based on terrorism, was a commercial success.<ref name="top">{{cite web|first1=Sukyana |last1=Verma |title=How The Decade Has Treated These Actresses |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-top-10-bollywood-actresses-of-the-decade/20110105.htm#1 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=31 January 2015 |date=5 January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112211603/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-top-10-bollywood-actresses-of-the-decade/20110105.htm |archive-date=12 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Nathan|title='Fanaa,' a Film About Love and Terrorists|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/27/movies/27fana.html?_r=0|access-date=19 January 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=27 May 2006|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505185734/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/27/movies/27fana.html?_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref> Two years later, she featured as a talent judge for the television dance and singing reality show ''[[Rock-N-Roll Family]]''. Later that year, she was paired with her husband Ajay Devgn in the romantic comedy ''[[U Me Aur Hum]]'' (2008). In the film, Kajol played an [[Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer's]] patient.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pandohar |first1=Pandohar |title=U, Me Aur Hum (2008) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2008/04/07/u_me_aur_hum_2008_review.shtml |access-date=19 January 2015 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=1 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424065943/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2008/04/07/u_me_aur_hum_2008_review.shtml |archive-date=24 April 2015 }}</ref> In 2010, she reunited with Khan and Johar in the drama ''[[My Name Is Khan]]'', in which she played an Indian-American Hindu married to a Muslim man.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Honeycutt |first1=Kirk |title=My Name Is Khan – Film Review |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/my-name-khan-film-review-29272 |access-date=19 January 2015 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=14 October 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216065742/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/my-name-khan-film-review-29272 |archive-date=16 February 2015 }}</ref> For the film, she won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] for a record tying fifth time.{{efn|Having won the award previously for ''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge'', ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'', ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'', and ''Fanaa'',<ref name="DDLJ"/><ref name="Koimoi">{{cite web|title=Kajol |url=http://www.koimoi.com/actress/kajol/ |publisher=Koimoi |access-date=19 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111034119/http://www.koimoi.com/actress/kajol/ |archive-date=11 January 2015 }}</ref> she is tied with her aunt [[Nutan]] in this category.<ref name="record"/>}} Her next appearance of the year was in the family drama ''[[We Are Family (2010 film)|We Are Family]]'', an adaption of the 1998 Hollywood film ''[[Stepmom (1998 film)|Stepmom]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saltz |first1=Rachel |title=Mom-Stepmom Two Step |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/06/movies/06weare.html |access-date=19 January 2015 |work=The New York Times |date=5 September 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926214948/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/06/movies/06weare.html |archive-date=26 September 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2015, after five years, she made her comeback with [[Rohit Shetty]]'s ''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]'', one of the [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|highest-grossing Bollywood films]] of all time.<ref name="Bollywood's Top Worldwide Earners">{{cite web |title=Bollywood's Top Worldwide Earners |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office-verdict-bollywoods-top-worldwide-grossers/ |website=koimoi.com |date=18 May 2016 |access-date=5 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327103312/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office-verdict-bollywoods-top-worldwide-grossers/ |archive-date=27 March 2016 }}</ref> In 2017, she was seen in [[Soundarya Rajinikanth|Soundarya Rajnikanth]]'s film ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]'', which was a profitable venture. She played a single mother who gives up her career as an aspiring singer in [[Pradeep Sarkar]]'s family drama, [[Helicopter Eela]], which did not do well. After an absence in 2019, she starred in ''[[Tanhaji]]'' (2020), which was a major critical and commercial success.<ref name=tanhaji>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/tanhaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-review-ajay-devgn-s-classic-century-saif-ali-khan-goes-bad-in-style/story-q2rRPCQkpzDK3XiFpUo2EL.html|title=Tanhaji The Unsung Warrior movie review: Ajay Devgn's classic century, Saif Ali Khan goes bad in style|date=10 January 2020|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=6 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206091540/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/tanhaji-the-unsung-warrior-movie-review-ajay-devgn-s-classic-century-saif-ali-khan-goes-bad-in-style/story-q2rRPCQkpzDK3XiFpUo2EL.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/tanhaji-enters-rs-200-cr-club-becomes-ajay-devgns-highest-grossing-film/articleshow/73611781.cms|title='Tanhaji' enters Rs 200 cr-club, becomes Ajay Devgn's highest-grossing film|date=25 January 2020|work=[[The Economic Times]]|language=en|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=8 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008174053/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/tanhaji-enters-rs-200-cr-club-becomes-ajay-devgns-highest-grossing-film/articleshow/73611781.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, she played a woman with a traumatic childhood in the [[Netflix]] family drama ''[[Tribhanga (film)|Tribhanga]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tribhanga review: The story about three generations of women will take your breath away!|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/tribhanga-review-the-story-about-three-generations-of-women-will-take-your-breath-away-review-bollywood-vbqpqQhgiihgg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116190853/https://www.sify.com/movies/tribhanga-review-the-story-about-three-generations-of-women-will-take-your-breath-away-review-bollywood-vbqpqQhgiihgg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 January 2021|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Entertainment|first=Quint|date=13 March 2020|title=In Pics: Kajol-Starrer 'Devi' Team at the Film's Success Party|url=https://www.thequint.com/photos/in-pics-devi-crew-spotted-at-the-films-success-party|access-date=16 December 2021|website=TheQuint|language=en|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216005453/https://www.thequint.com/photos/in-pics-devi-crew-spotted-at-the-films-success-party|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Films==<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
=== As actress ===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|+{{sronly|Kajol filmography}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title{{efn|The films are listed in order of release date.}}<br />
! scope="col" | Role(s)<br />
! scope="col" | Language (s)<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1992<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Bekhudi]]''<br />
| Radhika<br />
| rowspan=10''| [[Bollywood|Hindi]]<br />
|Film debut <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Bekhudi (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534482 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003101/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534482 |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1993<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Baazigar]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Chopra|Priya Chopra}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Baazigar (1993) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003106/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538506/Baazigar |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1994<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]''<br />
| Sapna<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Udhar Ki Zindagi (1994) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/503514 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119012715/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/503514 |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Udhaar Ki Zindagi]]''<br />
| Sita<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Yeh Dillagi (1994) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223231/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201816/Yeh%20Dillagi |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name="awards">{{cite web|title=Kajol: Awards & Nominations|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/8615/index.html|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=21 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918200232/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/8615/index.html|archive-date=18 September 2011}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 1995<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Karan Arjun]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Saxena|Sonia Saxena}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Karan Arjun (1995) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119012721/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201865/Karan%20Arjun |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Taaqat (1995 film)|Taaqat]]''<br />
| Kavita<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Taaqat (1995) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540446 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108185118/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540446 |archive-date= 8 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Hulchul (1995 film)|Hulchul]]''<br />
| Sharmili Sinha <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Hulchul (1995) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003711/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538501/Hulchul |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Gundaraj]]''<br />
| Ritu<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Gundaraj (1995) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119012718/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534748/Gundaraj |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Singh|Simran Singh}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="DDLJ" /><br />
|-<br />
| 1996<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Bambai Ka Babu (1996 film)|Bambai Ka Babu]]''<br />
| Neha<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Bambai Ka Babu (1996) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538935 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003242/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538935 |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 1997<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]''<br />
| Priya Amalraj<br />
| [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]]<br />
| [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film debut<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Google doodle celebrates MS Subbulakshmi's 97th birth anniversary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/google-doodle-celebrates-ms-subbulakshmi-97th-birthday-211137-2013-09-15 |access-date=25 January 2015 |work=India Today |date=16 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204010435/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/google-doodle-celebrates-ms-subbulakshmi-97th-birthday/1/310023.html |archive-date= 4 February 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Gupt: The Hidden Truth|Gupt]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Diwan|Isha Diwan}}<br />
| rowspan=26|Hindi<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Gupt" /><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Hameshaa]]''<br />
| Rani Sharma/ Reshma{{efn|name=dual|Kajol performed dual roles in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chowdhury |first1=Nandita |title=Life minus the lilt |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19970922-film-review-hameshaa-starring-saif-ali-khan-kajol-aditya-pancholi-832370-1997-09-21 |access-date=7 February 2015 |work=India Today |date=22 September 1997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207122549/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-hameshaa-starring-saif-ali-khan-kajol-aditya-pancholi/1/276939.html |archive-date= 7 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Verma |first1=Suparn |title=Blood is thicker... |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/jun/04dush.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=7 February 2015 |date=4 June 1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219061418/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/jun/04dush.htm |archive-date=19 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi (2001) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/610 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=7 February 2015 |date=19 January 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207120107/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/610 |archive-date= 7 February 2015 }}</ref>}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Hamesha (1997) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003239/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534764/Hamesha |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Ishq (1997 film)|Ishq]]''<br />
| Kajal Jindal<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ishq (1997) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/61320 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119012859/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/61320 |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 1998<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Thakur|Muskaan Thakur}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540246 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831110700/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540246 |archive-date=31 August 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Duplicate (1998 film)|Duplicate]]''<br />
| Simran Singh<br />
| Cameo appearance <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/did-you-know/did-you-know-that-kajol-played-a-cameo-in-shah-rukh-khan-starrer-duplicate/articleshow/72156873.cms|title=Did you know that Kajol played a cameo in Shah Rukh Khan starrer 'Duplicate'? - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=21 November 2019|access-date=21 November 2019|archive-date=21 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121150347/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/did-you-know/did-you-know-that-kajol-played-a-cameo-in-shah-rukh-khan-starrer-duplicate/articleshow/72156873.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Dushman (1998 film)|Dushman]]''<br />
|Naina/Sonia Sehgal {{efn|name=dual}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dushman (1998) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004138/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539225/Dushman |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name="awards" /><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Pyaar To Hona Hi Tha]]''<br />
| Sanjana Patel <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Pyar To Hona Thi (1998)|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/index/search/q/Pyar%20to%20hona%20hi%20tha?q=Pyar+to+hona+hi+tha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004655/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/index/search/q/Pyar%20to%20hona%20hi%20tha?q=Pyar+to+hona+hi+tha|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 January 2015|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=18 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="awards" /><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]''<br />
| Anjali Sharma<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Koimoi" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 1999<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Dil Kya Kare]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Rai|Nandita Rai}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dil Kya Kare (1999) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003908/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201713/Dil%20Kya%20Kare |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain]]''<br />
| Megha Verma<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain (1999) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004658/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201837/Hum%20Aapke%20Dil%20Mein%20Rehte%20Hain |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name="awards" /><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Hote Hote Pyar Ho Gaya]]''<br />
| Pinky<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Hote Hote Pyaar Ho Gaya (1999) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119002938/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534884/Hote%20Hote%20Pyaar%20Ho%20Gaya |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Raju Chacha]]''<br />
| Sanjana Bakshi/ Anna <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Raju Chacha (2000) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003947/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201624/Raju%20Chacha |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2001<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi]]''<br />
| Sweety/Tina Khanna{{efn|name=dual}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi (2001) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119012806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201871/Kuch%20Khatti%20Kuch%20Meethi |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]''<br />
| Anjali Sharma <br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Koimoi" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Maahi Ve"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004507/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201866/Kal%20Ho%20Naa%20Ho |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2006<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]''<br />
| {{Sort|Beg|Zooni Ali Beg}}<br />
| Also playback singer for song "Mere Haath Mein"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Koimoi" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shahab |first1=S.K. |title=Pakistan Illustrated, Volume 16, Issues 4–6 |date=25 October 2010 |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |pages=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CDkTAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608094212/https://books.google.com/books?id=CDkTAQAAMAAJ |archive-date= 8 June 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Herself<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Rock N Roll Soniye"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004602/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509037/Kabhi%20Alvida%20Naa%20Kehna |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Om Shanti Om]]''<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Deewangi Deewangi"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Om Shanti Om (2007) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714234032/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373/Om%20Shanti%20Om |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2008<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[U Me Aur Hum]]''<br />
| Piya Mehra <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="awards" /><ref>{{cite web|title=U Me Aur Hum (2008) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004035/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201801/U%20Me%20Aur%20Hum |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Haal-e-Dil|Haal-e-dil]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Oye Hoye"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Haal-e-Dil (2008) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003428/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54394/Haal-e-dil |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''<br />
| Nargis<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004823/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/56215/Rab%20Ne%20Bana%20Di%20Jodi |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2010<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[My Name Is Khan]]''<br />
| Mandira Rathod Khan<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Koimoi" /><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[We Are Family (2010 film)|We Are Family]]''<br />
| Maya<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=We Are Family (2010) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119004131/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/536232/We%20Are%20Family |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Toonpur Ka Superrhero|Toonpur Ka Superhero]]''<br />
| Priya Verma Kumar <br />
| Animated film<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Toonpur Ka Superrhero (2010) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119005034/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/541133/Toonpur%20Ka%20Superrhero |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Student of the Year]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Special appearance in the song "Disco Deewane"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Kajol's cameo in 'The Disco Song' in SOTY |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1557411/Kajol's%20cameo%20in%20'The%20Disco%20Song'%20in%20SOTY |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 January 2015 |date=1 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003903/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1557411/Kajol%27s%20cameo%20in%20%27The%20Disco%20Song%27%20in%20SOTY |archive-date=19 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|| 2015<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]''<br />
|{{sort|Malik|Meera Malik}}<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/5172936/Rohit-Shettys-Dilwale-to-star-Shah-Rukh-Khan-Kajol-Varun-Dhawan-and-Kriti-Sanon |title=Rohit Shetty's Dilwale to star Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, Varun Dhawan and Kriti Sanon |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=14 March 2015 |access-date=15 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315221656/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/5172936/Rohit-Shettys-Dilwale-to-star-Shah-Rukh-Khan-Kajol-Varun-Dhawan-and-Kriti-Sanon |archive-date=15 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |work=Filmfare |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112103208/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |archive-date=12 January 2016 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]''<br />
|{{sort| Parameshwar|Vasundhara Parameshwar}}<br />
|Tamil<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vip2s-vasundhara-is-like-me-says-kajol/article19240666.ece |title=VIP2's Vasundhara is like me, says Kajol |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=8 July 2017 |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170728051651/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vip2s-vasundhara-is-like-me-says-kajol/article19240666.ece |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2018<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Helicopter Eela]]''<br />
| Eela Raiturkar <br />
| rowspan=11|Hindi<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/helicopter-eela-movie-review-kajols-film-barely-skims-the-surface-of-issues-between-mothers-and-sons/articleshow/66171933.cms|title=Helicopter Eela movie review: Kajol's film barely skims the surface of issues between mothers and sons|last=Guha|first=Kunal|work=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=12 October 2018|date=12 October 2018|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012033925/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/helicopter-eela-movie-review-kajols-film-barely-skims-the-surface-of-issues-between-mothers-and-sons/articleshow/66171933.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Cameo appearance <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|last=Lohana|first=Avinash|url=http://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dwarf-srk-serenades-his-lovely-ladies-again/articleshow/60916407.cms|title='Dwarf' SRK serenades his lovely ladies again|work=Pune Mirror|date=3 October 2017|access-date=11 November 2017|archive-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029175920/http://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dwarf-srk-serenades-his-lovely-ladies-again/articleshow/60916407.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2020<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Tanhaji]]''<br />
|Savitri Bai<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="tanhaji" /><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Devi (2020 film)|Devi]]''<br />
|Jyoti<br />
|Short film<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kajol-shruti-haasan-neha-dhupia-neena-kulkarni-among-others-star-short-film-titled-devi/|title=Kajol, Shruti Haasan, Neha Dhupia, Neena Kulkarni among others star in short film titled Devi|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=16 January 2020|access-date=16 January 2020|archive-date=17 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117151319/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kajol-shruti-haasan-neha-dhupia-neena-kulkarni-among-others-star-short-film-titled-devi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Tribhanga (film)|Tribhanga]]''<br />
| Anuradha Apte<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kajol's digital debut with Netflix's Tribhanga set for January 2021 premiere : Bollywood News|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kajols-digital-debut-with-netflixs-tribhanga-set-for-january-2021-premiere/|access-date=26 December 2020|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=24 December 2020|archive-date=25 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225154400/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kajols-digital-debut-with-netflixs-tribhanga-set-for-january-2021-premiere/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ajay-devgns-first-netflix-production-tribhanga-directed-by-renuka-shahane-goes-on-floors-7476131.html|title=Ajay Devgn's first Netflix production Tribhanga, directed by Renuka Shahane, goes on floors|date=10 October 2019|website=Firstpost|language=en|access-date=30 December 2019|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210021236/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ajay-devgns-first-netflix-production-tribhanga-directed-by-renuka-shahane-goes-on-floors-7476131.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Salaam Venky]]''<br />
|Kolavennu Sujata Krishnan <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2022|title=Kajol begins shoot for Revathy's directorial Salaam Venky- "A story that needed to be told"|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kajol-begins-shoot-revathys-directorial-salaam-venky-story-needed-told/|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=11 February 2022|language=en|archive-date=11 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211053522/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kajol-begins-shoot-revathys-directorial-salaam-venky-story-needed-told/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Lust Stories 2]]''<br />
|Devyani Singh <br />
| Segment: "Tilchatta"<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=Kajol Devgn To Star In Lust Stories Season 2 {{!}} IB |url=https://www.instantbollywood.com/2022/07/12/lust-stories-season-2-cast-update/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=www.instantbollywood.com |language=en-US |archive-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214002936/https://www.instantbollywood.com/2022/07/12/lust-stories-season-2-cast-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Do Patti]]''<br />
|Vidya Jyothi Kanwar<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2022|title='Do Patti', starring Kajol and Kriti Sanon, goes on floors|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/do-patti-starring-kajol-and-kriti-sanon-goes-on-floors/article67209447.ece/|access-date=18 August 2013|work=The Hindu|archive-date=18 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818130913/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/do-patti-starring-kajol-and-kriti-sanon-goes-on-floors/article67209447.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Maa (2025 film)|Maa]]''<br />
|Ambika Dasgupta<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Ajay Devgn reunites with Shaitaan writers for another horror film; wife Kajol to play female lead? |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/ajay-devgn-reunites-with-shaitaan-writers-for-another-horror-film-wife-kajol-to-play-female-lead-entertainment-news-2839827/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315151705/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/ajay-devgn-reunites-with-shaitaan-writers-for-another-horror-film-wife-kajol-to-play-female-lead-entertainment-news-2839827/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Sarzameen]]''<br />
|Meher Menon<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Sarzameen: Kajol, Prithviraj Sukumaran and Ibrahim Ali Khan's Film Gets a Title; Shooting for Kayoze Irani's Upcoming Movie Has Begun (View Pic) {{!}} 🎥 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/bollywood/sarzameen-kajol-prithviraj-sukumaran-and-ibrahim-ali-khan-join-kayoze-iranis-upcoming-action-thriller-view-pic-4902529.html |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=LatestLY |language=en |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312144358/https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/bollywood/sarzameen-kajol-prithviraj-sukumaran-and-ibrahim-ali-khan-join-kayoze-iranis-upcoming-action-thriller-view-pic-4902529.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
! scope="row" {{Pending film|[[Maharagni: Queen of Queens]]}}<br />
| Maya<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web<br />
|date=2024-05-25<br />
|title=Kajol to pull off action in her next film with Prabhu Deva, Naseeruddin<br />
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ht-exclusive-kajol-to-pull-off-action-in-her-next-film-with-prabhu-deva-naseeruddin-shah-101716547458765-amp.html<br />
|access-date=2024-05-25<br />
|website=Hindustantimes<br />
|language=en<br />
|archive-date=26 May 2024<br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526134100/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ht-exclusive-kajol-to-pull-off-action-in-her-next-film-with-prabhu-deva-naseeruddin-shah-101716547458765-amp.html<br />
|url-status=live<br />
}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== As voice actor ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|+{{sronly|Kajol filmography}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Film<br />
! scope="col" | character<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Dubbed Language<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Original Language <br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]''<br />
|Announcer<br />
|rowspan="3" | Hindi<br />
| Hindi<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/25-years-taal-heres-musical-entertainer-kajol-connection/|title=25 Years of Taal: Here's how the musical entertainer had a Kajol connection|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=18 September 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Eega]]''<br />
|Mother<br />
|Telugu<br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/ajay-devgn-kajol-voice-over-eega-hindi-version-makkhi-099959.html|title=After Ajay Devgn, Kajol lend voice for Eega Hindi version|work=Filmi Beat|date=23 Feb 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Incredibles 2]]''<br />
|[[Elastigirl]]<br />
| English <br />
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bollyspice.com/kajol-the-voice-of-elastigirl-for-hindi-incredibles-2/|title=Kajol The Voice of ElastiGirl for Hindi Incredibles 2|last=Yount|first=Stacey|date=2018-05-29|website=BollySpice.com - The latest movies, interviews in Bollywood|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-26}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" <br />
|+{{sronly|Kajol in TV Series}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Role<br />
! scope="col" | Languages <br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
!scope="row"| ''[[Rock-N-Roll Family]]''<br />
| Judge<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Hindi]]<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sheikh |first1=Amina |title=Reality show budgets soar with celebrity anchors' pay |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/reality-show-budgets-soar-with-celebrity-anchors-39-pay-108083101040_1.html |access-date=21 January 2015 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=31 August 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016003158/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/reality-show-budgets-soar-with-celebrity-anchors-39-pay-108083101040_1.html |archive-date=16 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023–present<br />
!scope="row" align="left"| ''[[The Trial (Indian TV series)|The Trial]]''<br />
|Noyonika Sengupta <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-06 |title=Exclusive Photos! Kajol Begins Shooting For The Trial Season 2 With Asrani. See BTS Pics |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/exclusive-photos-kajol-begins-shooting-for-the-trial-season-2-with-asrani-see-bts-pics-article-113984658 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
! scope="row" align="left"| ''Two Much with Kajol and Twinkle''<br />
|Host<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2025-07-22 |title=Kajol, Twinkle Khanna to Host Prime Video and Banijay Asia's New Talk Show (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/kajol-twinkle-khanna-prime-video-banijay-asia-talk-show-1236465820/ |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Kajol]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|0004418|Kajol}}<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film|Media}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]<br />
[[Category:Actress filmographies]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asu_Dev&diff=488143Asu Dev2026-04-08T22:26:06Z<p>Serguty: Adding a article...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian artist (1917–1983)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox artist<br />
| honorific_prefix = <br />
| name = Asu Dev আশু দেব<br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| image = Asu Dev as in December 1982.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| birth_name = Ashutosh Deb<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1917|12|13}} 13 December 1917<br />
| birth_place = [[Dhubri]], Assam, India<br />
| baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --><br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1983|02|06|1917|12|13}}<br />
| death_place = <br />
| resting_place = <br />
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --><br />
| nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] --><br />
| education = [[Cotton Collegiate Government H.S. School|Cotton Collegiate]] H.S School, Guwahati<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| known_for = Painter, sculptor, art Educator<br />
| notable_works = <br />
| style = <br />
| movement = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| partner = <br />
| children = Anutosh Deb (son)<br />
| parents = Kadambini Deb, Umesh Chandra Deb<br />
| father = <br />
| mother = <br />
| relatives = <br />
| family = <br />
| awards = <!-- {{awd|award|year|title|role|name}} (optional) --><br />
| signature = <br />
| signature_type =<br />
| signature_size = <br />
| signature_alt = <br />
| elected = <br />
| patrons = <br />
| memorials = <br />
| website = {{Official URL}}<br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
'''Asu Dev''' '''(আশু দেব)''', born as '''Ashutosh Deb''' [[Dhubri|Dhubri, Assam]], [[India]] (13 December 1917 – 6 February 1983)<ref>{{Cite news|last=Barman|first=Jinny|title=An Artist's World|work=The Assam Tribune|url=https://www.oocities.org/bipuljyoti/art/asudev.html|access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Anutosh|first=Deb|date=17 December 2016|title=Beyond the Dots|page=Mosaic Page 13|work=The Assam Tribune|url=https://artofasudev.org/new-publications/#jp-carousel-1537}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Digitized|first=Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NA6AAAAMAAJ&q=Ashu+Dev+painter|title=The Assam Quarterly|publisher=Assam Academy for Cultural Relations|year=1967|location=University of Michigan|pages=71|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNuXHcHJFTUC&dq=Asu+Dev+painting&pg=RA17-PA37|title=Assam Information - 1963|year=1963|pages=29 & 37, 38|language=English|publisher=Directorate of Information & Public Relations}}|location=Assam, Shillong</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Modern Assamese Life and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1B1_9TsQzQC&q=Asu+Dev|title=Modern Assamese Life and Culture: Special Silver Jubilee 1985|publisher=Assam Academy for Cultural Relations, 1985|date=10 August 2018|location=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|pages=96|language=English}}</ref> was a pioneer artist of Assam. He was a painter, sculptor and an Art Educator. During his lifetime he had worked as a Textile Designer in several Cotton Mills in [[Jessore District|Jessore]] and [[Khulna]] in Bangladesh, [[Ahmedabad]], [[Surat]], [[Kolkata]], at the Janata College [[Titabor]] Assam and Assam Textile Institute Guwahati, Assam<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assamtextileinstitute.org/main/|title=Assam Textile Institute – Assam Textile Institute}}</ref> and at Weavers Training Centre in [[Dimapur|Dimapur Nagaland]] in the later part of his life. His distinguished style of painting, where he had experimented using fine and minute dots often like modern pixels, which was often addressed by art critics as [[pointillism]]. Asu Dev was a self taught artist<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianreview.in/nonfiction/an-introduction-to-the-contemporary-paintings-in-assam/|title=Indian Review|date=11 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Janambhumi|first=Dainik|date=16 March 2018|title=Assam's pioneering contemporary artist Asu Dev's centenary celebrations|page=Internet Edition_PTI|work=Janambhumi|agency=Press Trust of India|publication-place=Jorhat Assam|format=URL|url=https://janambhumi.in/VFZScmVVNTZVVDA9/en/Assam%60s%20pioneering%20contemporary%20artist%20Asu%20Dev%60s%20centenary%20celebrations.html}}</ref> who created his artworks from minute observation of the Nature and the working class, and his innate exposure to [[Sankardev|Srimanta Sankardeva]] the 15th–16th century Assamese saint-scholar, poet, playwright, artist and social-religious reformer. The miniature paintings from the ''Chitra Bhagawata'' and the traditional folk arts and culture of the region, becoming the prime subjects of his paintings. During his career spanning about fifty years of Artistic career dating to the 1930s, he had created around 180 Art works, mostly paintings, oil on canvas, water colour tempara, textile designs and motifs, illustrations, sketches, drawings and a few sculptures. In 1952, Asu Dev was among the first artists to hold, one man show in Assam.{{fact|date=April 2025}}<br />
<br />
Asu Dev died on 6 February 1983 in [[Guwahati|Guwahati Assam]] India, at the age of 65.{{fact|date=April 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Asu Dev was born to Kadambini Deb and Umesh Chandra Deb<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artanddeal.com/?p=5943|title=Essay – Art & Deal Magazine}}</ref> in Dhubri Assam. Umesh Chandra Deb, worked as a 'Revenue Shrestadar' '''(শেরেস্তাদার)''' in the Office of the Deputy Commissioner Guwahati. Umesh Chandra Deb,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artofasudev.org/umesh-chandra-deb/|title=UMESH CHANDRA DEB|date=9 March 2012}}</ref> was also a research scholar on Srimanta Sankardeva and had published a Bengali publication on Sankardeva in 1327 (Bengali calendar) i.e.1920. Asu Dev was the third son of a family of five brothers and three sisters. Asu Dev studied in the [[Cotton Collegiate Government H.S. School|Cotton Collegiate H.S. School in Guwahati]], and later took up the profession of textile designer in different Mills in India and [[Bangladesh]]. He joined the Assam Textile Institute, Guwahati for a some time. Asu Dev's family resided in their ancestral house at Md. Shah Road, Newfield (West) Guwahati 781008 Assam India, till 2003.{{fact|date=April 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Professional life ==<br />
<br />
* Associated as a Teacher of the Gauhati Art School, at Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, India established by [[Jibeswar Baruah]] which was later upgraded to the [[Government College of Art & Crafts Assam|Government College of Art & Crafts]], under the affiliation of the Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam India.<br />
* Associated with the Gauhati Artists' Guild, a premier Art organisation of North East India since 1976, at Chandmari, Guwahati 781003 Assam India, as a founder member.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gauhatiartistsguild.org/|title=Gauhati Artists' Guild – A Premier Art Organisation since 1976|website=www.gauhatiartistsguild.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Stage performances ==<br />
Asu Dev had also appeared in stage plays with the local drama groups. His famous plays were ''<nowiki/>'Tasher Desh', 'Mastermosai''' etc. The performances were staged in Guwahati, Titabor, [[Tezpur]] and [[Shillong]].<br />
<br />
== Exhibitions ==<br />
=== One Man Shows: 09 ===<br />
# '''April 1952:''' Guwahati, organised by Sarbeswar Chakravarty, inaugurated by Justice Holiram Deka and presided by Dr. B. Barooah at the Kamrup Academy Hall, Guwahati.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artofasudev.org/chronicle/|title=CHRONICLE|date=7 March 2012}}</ref><br />
# '''September 1958:''' Jointly with wife Mrs. Bela Deb in Shillong, organised by Shillong Rotary Club and inaugurated by Bimala Prasad Chaliha, Chief Minister of Assam at the local Hindustan Standard premises.<br />
# '''December 1965:''' At The State Central Library, Shillong, organised by Indo-Soviet Cultural Society, Assam, and inaugurated by Vishnu Sahay, Governor of Assam and Nagaland at the State Central Library.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=asudev exhibition catalogue 1965 |url=https://artofasudev.org/chronicle/asudev-exhibition-catalogue-1965/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=ART OF ASUDEV |language=en}}</ref><br />
# '''November 1967:''' Organised in collaboration with Gauhati Artists’ Guild, and inaugurated by Kamal Narayan Choudhury at the State Art Gallery, Bhagawati Prasad Barua Bhawan, Guwahati, Assam.<br />
# '''February 1969:''' [[Sivasagar]] organised by ISCUS – Indo-Soviet Cultural Society, Assam<br />
# '''April 1969:''' [[Duliajan]] inaugurated by Chairman, Oil India. Mr. Devkanta Barooah at Club House, Duliajan.<br />
# '''December 1977:''' In collaboration with Gauhati Artists’ Guild, and inaugurated by Kamal Narayan Choudhury at the State Art Gallery, Bhagawati Prasad Barua Bhawan, Guwahati, Assam.<br />
# '''May 1979:''' New Delhi, organised by the House of Soviet Culture In collaboration with All India Fine Arts & Crafts Society.<br />
# '''February 1982:''' Gorky Sadan, Kolkata, organised in collaboration with DRUZHBA & Cultural Department of the USSR Consulate General in Calcutta at Gorky Sadan. Exhibition inaugurated by Purnendu Patri, Film Director & Artist and presided by Artist Debabrata Mukherjee.<br />
<br />
=== Group shows: 13 ===<br />
# '''December 1952''': 17th Annual All India Exhibition of Fine Arts Academy at the Indian Museum, Chowringhee, Kolkata<br />
# '''December 1955:''' [[Academy of Fine Arts, Kolkata]]<br />
# '''February 1966:''' Organised by the Indian Progressive Writers Association at District Library, Guwahati.<br />
# '''March 1971:''' Organised by Assam Academy for Cultural Relations at Cotton College Union Hall, Guwahati.<br />
# '''June 1973:''' World Youth Festival (Assam State Youth Festival) in Guwahati<br />
# '''April 1975:''' State Art Gallery, Guwahati, organised by Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam.<br />
# '''May 1975:''' State Art Gallery, Guwahati, organised by the Assam Fine Arts & Crafts Society, Guwahati.<br />
# '''January 1976:''' State Art Gallery, Guwahati, organised by the Assam Fine Arts & Crafts Society, Guwahati.<br />
# '''August 1976:''' Rabindra Bhawan, Guwahati, organised by Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam.<br />
# '''July 1978:''' State Art Gallery, Guwahati, organised by Gauhati Artists’Guild. Gauhati<br />
# '''April 1979:''' State Art Gallery, Guwahati, organised by Gauhati Artists’Guild. Gauhati<br />
# '''September 1980:''' State Art Gallery, Guwahati, organised by Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam.<br />
# '''September 1982:''' State Art Gallery, Guwahati, organised by Assam Progressive Writers, and Artists, Association on the occasion of Third State Conference and inaugurated by Purnendu Patri, Film Director & Artist.<br />
<br />
=== Retrospective Exhibitions (post 1983) ===<br />
'''1983 & 1989 :''' State Art Gallery Guwahati organised by The Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam India, and Gauhati Artists' Guild Guwahati in collaboration with Asu Dev's family.<br />
<br />
'''2007:''' Held at [[Srimanta Sankardev Kalakshetra|Srimanta Sankardeva Kalakshetra]] Guwahati, Assam India, in collaboration with Asu Dev's family.<br />
<br />
'''2017:''' The Centenary Retrospective was held at Gallery 1 & 2 Gauhati Artists Guild, Guwahati, Assam India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artofasudev.org/asudev-centenary-retrospective-2017/|title=ASUDEV CENTENARY RETROSPECTIVE 2017|date=23 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gauhati Artists' |first=Guild |date=13 December 2017 |title=Asu dev-multicolour- Multicolour Catalogue published by Gauhati Artists' Guild Guwahati for Asu Dev Centenary Retrospective 2017 |url=https://artofasudev.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/asudev-multicolour-brochure.pdf |journal=Gauhati Artists' Guild Exhibition Catalogue for Circulation |publisher=Gauhati Artists' Guild Guwahati |volume=Asu Dev Centenary Retrospective 2017 |pages=32 including the front and back covers}}</ref> Organised by Gauhati Artists' Guild in collaboration with Asudev Art Foundation.<br />
<br />
== Collection of Paintings ==<br />
<br />
=== Asu Dev's paintings collected by organisations ===<br />
* Asudev Art Foundation (a non-profit trust of Asu Dev's family) Guwahati Assam India<br />
* AAFTAA, Guwahati Assam India<br />
* Assam Oil Division, Assam, India (Paintings collected: 12)<br />
* [[Assam State Museum]], Guwahati, Assam India (Paintings collected: 02)<br />
* Birla Industries, Kolkata, India (Paintings collected: 01)<br />
* Consulates of Chekoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Romania and Soviet Union in New Delhi, India<br />
* Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam, for State Art Gallery, Guwahati Assam India. (Paintings collected: 03)<br />
* Gauhati Artists’ Guild, Guwahati, Assam India (Paintings collected: 01)<br />
* Government of Meghalaya (Paintings collected: ?)<br />
* [[Gauhati University]] Library, Guwahati, Assam India (Paintings collected: 01)<br />
* [[Handique Girls College]], Guwahati, Assam India (Paintings collected: 01)<br />
* House of Soviet Culture, New Delhi, India (Paintings collected: 06)<br />
* Oil India Limited, Duliajan, Sibsagar Assam India (Paintings collected: 10)<br />
<br />
=== Asu Dev's paintings collected by private collectors ===<br />
Private Collectors in India: Bengaluru, Duliajan, Sibsagar, Guwahati, Kolkata, Mumbai, Dimapur, New Delhi, Shillong, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum)<br />
<br />
Private Collectors outside India: Soviet Union, U.K and USA<br />
<br />
== Family ==<br />
Asu Dev married Bela Deb '''(বেলা দেব) (Bela Palit)''' on 5 June 1951, in Shillong, then Assam. Bela Deb, was educated in [[Visva-Bharati University|''Patha Bhavana'' , Kalabhavana and ''Sangeet Bhavana,'' Visvabharati Santiniketan]] West Bengal India and joined the Assam Textile Institute, Guwahati Assam India, as a Textile Designer and retired in the same post in 1991.<br />
<br />
Asu Dev's only son, Anutosh Deb,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anutoshdeb.org/|title=My images through ages...!|date=2 January 2015|website=My images through ages...!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Anutosh|first=Deb|date=10 June 2018|title=A father's legacy|pages=4 Sunday reading|work=The Assam Tribune|url=https://artofasudev.org/new-publications/#jp-carousel-1551}}</ref> is a Graduate in Applied Arts from the [[University of Baroda Faculty of Fine Arts|Faculty of Fine Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]], Gujarat India, and has retired as an Art Educator with [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]], an Autonomous Organisation under the Ministry of Education, Government of India, and is presently residing in Guwahati. Asu Dev's daughter in law, Tulirekha Deb,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tulirekha.org/|title=Tulirekha's Art World...|date=6 May 2012|website=Tulirekha's Art World...}}</ref> is a graduate in Fine Arts (Painting) from [[Kala Bhavana|Kala Bhavana Viswabharati Santiniketan]], West Bengal, and is an Art Educator presently working with Royal Global School, Guwahati Assam India. Asu Dev's grand daughter Anurekha Deb, is a Masters in Visual Arts from [[Shiv Nadar University|Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Budh Nagar]], Uttar Pradesh, India, after graduating in Painting from the Faculty of Fine Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat India.<br />
<br />
== Felicitations ==<br />
'''1982:''' 25th Rongali Bihu Celebrations, Guwahati Bihu Sanmilani, Latasil, Guwahati Assam India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artofasudev.org/photostory/|title=PHOTO STORY|date=8 March 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Asu Dev was hospitalized when he felt some discomfort and complained of chest pain, and was admitted in the Gauhati Nursing Home, Bharalumukh, Guwahati Assam at 9 PM on the night of 5 February 1983. He expired due to a sudden cardiac arrest at 6:35 AM on 6 February 1983. He was cremated as per the Hindu rites at the Bhoothnath Crematorium, Guwahati. His funeral was attended by family members, fellow Artists, students, and well wishers. Asu Dev was 65 at the time of his demise.<br />
<br />
== Asu Dev Art Scholarship ==<br />
[[File:PRANTIKA SAHA RECEIVING THE ASUDEV ARTT SCHOLARSHIP 2025.jpg|thumb|Prantika Saha receiving the Asu Dev Art Scholarship 2025]]<br />
[[File:2024ː ASUDEV ART SCHOLARSHIP AWARDEE.jpg|thumb|Jyotismriti Bordoloi receiving the Asu Dev Art Scholarship 2024 on 13 December 2024 at Asu Dev Art Foundation, Guwahati Assam India]]<br />
<br />
The Asu Dev Art Scholarship <ref>{{Cite news|last=Kalita|first=Kangkan|date=20 August 2017|title=Artist couple pledges ₹50k fine arts scholarship|work=The Times of India Guwahati issue|url=https://artofasudev.org/invitation/#jp-carousel-678}}</ref> has been initiated by the family members of the artist from the Centenary year 2016. Through the non profit trust '''<nowiki/>'Asudev Art Foundation'.''' The annual scholarship will award one student domicile of Assam, pursuing Masters in Fine Arts at the Post Graduate Level, enrolled as a regular student in any UGC & Government of India recognized Fine Art College/University in India, and outside the State of Assam.<br />
<br />
The 'Asu Dev Art Scholarship carries a Memento, a certificate and one time financial grant of '''₹''' 50,000 only to one applicant, through a process of selection by a constituted jury nominated by the Trustees of the Asu Dev Art Foundation.<br />
<br />
=== Awardees ===<br />
<br />
'''2025: [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/PRANTIKA_SAHA_RECEIVING_THE_ASUDEV_ARTT_SCHOLARSHIP_2025.jpg Prantika Saha]''' <br />
<br />
'''2024: [[commons:File:2024ː_ASUDEV_ART_SCHOLARSHIP_AWARDEE.jpg|Jyotismriti Bordoloi]]'''<br />
<br />
'''2018: ''[[:File:Debangona Paul receiving the Second Asu Dev Art Scholarship 2018, on 13 December 2018 at Gauhati Artists' Guild.jpg|Debangona Paul]]'''''<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2018 |title=SECOND AAS AWARDEE 2018 |url=https://artofasudev.org/asudev-art-foundation/2018-asudev-art-scholarship-jury/2018-awardee/ |website=artofasudev.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''2017: ''[[:File:Seemanta Bhagawati receiving the First Asu Dev Art Scholarship 2017, on 13 December 2017 at Gauhati Artists' Guild.jpg|Seemanta Bhagawati]]'''''<br />
<br />
== Asu Dev Centenary Retrospective 2017 ==<br />
The Asu Dev Centenary Retrospective 2017<ref>{{Cite news|last=Entertainment Culture|first=Press Trust of India|date=16 March 2018|title=Assam's pioneering contemporary artist Asu Dev's centenary celebrations|page=Web publication|work=The Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/assam-s-pioneering-contemporary-artist-asu-dev-s-centenary-celebrations-118031600469_1.html|access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> was organised by Gauhati Artists' Guild in collaboration with Asu Dev Art Foundation, from 13 December to 27 December 2017 in Gallery 1 & 2 of Gauhati Artists Guild, Guwahati Assam India. The First Asudev Art Scholarship was also presented to Seemanta Bhagawati a final year student of Kala Bhavana Santiniketan pursuing MFA Graphics.{{fact|date=April 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
Some of Asu Dev's notable works<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/life/art/250717/founding-works-of-modern-assamese-art-on-display.html|title=Founding works of modern Assamese art on display|first=Durba|last=Ghosh|date=25 July 2017|website=The Asian Age}}</ref> include early water colour tempara with pixel effects:<br />
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}<br />
* ''The Wake'' (1948)<br />
* ''The Cage'' (1958)<br />
* ''Harijan'' (1966)<br />
* ''Humanity Uprooted'' (1968)<br />
* ''Symphony'' (1973)<br />
* ''Life Moves on'' (1973)<br />
* ''Night Awake'' (1978)<br />
* ''The Contenders'' (1978)<br />
* ''The Hunt'' (1978)<br />
* ''Birth of a New Rhythm'' (1981)<br />
* ''Shadow of Life'' (1981)<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
The few oil on canvas paintings<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianreview.in/nonfiction/remembering-my-father-asudev/|title=Indian Review : Painter and Artist : Remembering My Father....Asudev by Anutosh Dev|date=19 June 2011}}</ref> (featuring bold strokes and dabs) also documented and photographed at Asu Dev Art Foundation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artofasudev.org/aaftaa/|title=AAFTAA|date=27 December 2019}}</ref> include: <br />
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}<br />
* ''The Birth of a new life'' (1962)<br />
* ''Virginity'' (1964)<br />
* ''On the way to work'' (1964)<br />
* ''The Silent flutter'' (1965)<br />
* ''My Comrade'' (1966)<br />
* ''A lazy evening on the Brahmaputra'' (1966)<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
A permanent gallery has been set up privately by the family for display of Asu Dev's artworks, and is open for public viewing on appointment. The gallery is situated at Kalpana Enclave, House No. 45, Barthakur Mill Road Ulubari Guwahati 781007 Assam, India.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://artofasudev.org/ Official Website of Asu Dev]<br />
* [https://artanddeal.com/?p=5943 Essay – Art & Deal Magazine]<br />
* [https://indianreview.in/nonfiction/an-introduction-to-the-contemporary-paintings-in-assam/ Indian Review]<br />
* [https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/assam-s-pioneering-contemporary-artist-asu-dev-s-centenary-celebrations-118031600469_1.html]<br />
* [https://www.asianage.com/life/art/250717/founding-works-of-modern-assamese-art-on-display.html Founding works of modern Assamese art on display]<br />
* [https://artanddeal.com/?p=5943 Essay – Art & Deal Magazine]<br />
* [https://indianreview.in/nonfiction/remembering-my-father-asudev/ Indian Review : Painter and Artist : Remembering My Father....Asudev by Anutosh Dev]<br />
* [https://tulirekha.org/taa/ TAA]<br />
* https://janambhumi.in/VFZScmVVNTZVVDA9/en/Assam%60s%20pioneering%20contemporary%20artist%20Asu%20Dev%60s%20centenary%20celebrations.html<br />
* [https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/exhibition-showcasing-pioneer-artists-of-assam-1002802-2017-07-23#:~:text=Among%20the%20other,and%20Tapan%20Bordoloi. https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/exhibition-showcasing-pioneer-artists-of-assam-1002802-2017-07-23#:~:text=Among%20the%20other,and%20Tapan%20Bordoloi.]<br />
* [http://www.ptinews.com/news/8913410_Exhibition-showcasing-pioneer-artists-of-Assam.html#:~:text=Among%20the%20other,and%20Tapan%20Bordoloi. http://www.ptinews.com/news/8913410_Exhibition-showcasing-pioneer-artists-of-Assam.html#:~:text=Among%20the%20other,and%20Tapan%20Bordoloi.]<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dev, Asu}}<br />
[[Category:Artists from Guwahati]]<br />
[[Category:Painters from Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Artists from Assam]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]<br />
[[Category:1917 births]]<br />
[[Category:1983 deaths]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=C._Anji_Reddy&diff=492623C. Anji Reddy2026-04-05T01:03:58Z<p>Serguty: New new page</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician, academic}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Chinnamail Anji Reddy<br />
| office = Member of the [[Telangana Legislative Council]]<br />
| constituency = [[Karimnagar]]-[[Medak]]-[[Nizamabad, Telangana]] -[[Adilabad]] (Graduates Constituency)<br />
| predecessor = [[T. Jeevan Reddy]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| constituency1 = <br />
| office1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = <br />
| successor1 = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|6|18|df=yes}} <br />
| birth_place = [[Ramachandrapuram (BHEL Township)]], Sangareddy district, Telangana, India<br />
| occupation = Politician<br/>Businessman<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]]<br />
| children = 2<br />
| spouse = Godhavari <br />
| website = <br />
| term_start = 30 March 2025<br />
}}<br />
'''Chinnamile Anji Reddy''' is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. He was elected as a member in the [[Telangana Legislative Council]] election from [[Medak]]-[[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]]-[[Adilabad]]-[[Karimnagar]] Graduate's constituency on 3 March 2025.<ref name="Victory in MLC polls gives big boost to BJP in Telangana">{{cite news |title=Victory in MLC polls gives big boost to BJP in Telangana |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/victory-in-mlc-polls-gives-big-boost-to-bjp-in-telangana |access-date=7 March 2025 |publisher=The News Minute |date=6 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307094104/https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/victory-in-mlc-polls-gives-big-boost-to-bjp-in-telangana |archive-date=7 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BJP announces candidates, rivals still in the hunt">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=BJP announces candidates, rivals still in the hunt |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/bjp-announces-candidates-rivals-still-in-the-hunt-937474 |access-date=7 March 2025 |work= |publisher=The Hans India |date=16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307094306/https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/bjp-announces-candidates-rivals-still-in-the-hunt-937474 |archive-date=7 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BJP wins Medak-Nizamabad-Adilabad-Karimnagar Graduates MLC seat">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=BJP wins Medak-Nizamabad-Adilabad-Karimnagar Graduates MLC seat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2025/Mar/06/bjp-wins-medak-nizamabad-adilabad-karimnagar-graduates-mlc-seat |access-date=7 March 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=6 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307094832/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2025/Mar/06/bjp-wins-medak-nizamabad-adilabad-karimnagar-graduates-mlc-seat |archive-date=7 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BJP-backed candidates bags 2 seats in T’gana MLC polls; Independent wins 1">{{cite news |title=BJP-backed candidates bags 2 seats in T'gana MLC polls; Independent wins 1 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjpbacked-candidates-bags-2-seats-in-t-gana-mlc-polls-independent-wins-1-101741286306764.html |access-date=7 March 2025 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=5 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307100316/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjpbacked-candidates-bags-2-seats-in-t-gana-mlc-polls-independent-wins-1-101741286306764.html |archive-date=7 March 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
Anji Reddy started his journey with [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and later joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and aspired [[Patancheru Assembly constituency]] ticket in 2014 elections but [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] didn't given ticket to him and he contested as [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate and lost the election. He joined in [[Indian National Congress]] in presence of [[Rahul Gandhi]] on 25 April 2018 and he later joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ahead of [[GHMC]] Polls in the presence of BJP Telangana state president [[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]].<br />
<br />
Anji Reddy was named as BJP's candidate for [[Medak]]-[[Nizamabad, Telangana]] [[Adilabad]]-[[Karimnagar]] Graduates' constituency on 11 January 2025<ref name="In strategic shift, BJP names MLC candidates ahead of other parties">{{cite news |title=In strategic shift, BJP names MLC candidates ahead of other parties |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/in-strategic-shift-bjp-names-mlc-candidates-ahead-of-other-parties/articleshow/117129974.cms |access-date=7 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=11 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307095828/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/in-strategic-shift-bjp-names-mlc-candidates-ahead-of-other-parties/articleshow/117129974.cms |archive-date=7 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="BJP names candidates for three MLC elections">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=BJP names candidates for three MLC elections |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2025/Jan/11/bjp-names-candidates-for-three-mlc-elections |access-date=7 March 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=11 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307100044/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2025/Jan/11/bjp-names-candidates-for-three-mlc-elections |archive-date=7 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> and he submitted his nomination papers on 8 February 2025.<ref name="Karimnagar: BJP’s Anji Reddy submits papers">{{cite news |last1= |title=Karimnagar: BJP's Anji Reddy submits papers |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/karimnagar-bjps-anji-reddy-submits-papers-943525 |access-date=7 March 2025 |work= |publisher=The Hans India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-date= |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BJP Graduate MLC candidate Anji Reddy accuses Congress of failing to deliver on its promise of unemployment allowance">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=BJP Graduate MLC candidate Anji Reddy accuses Congress of failing to deliver on its promise of unemployment allowance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bjp-graduate-mlc-candidate-anji-reddy-accuses-congress-of-failing-to-deliver-on-its-promise-of-unemployment-allowance/article69193230.ece |access-date=7 March 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307100334/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bjp-graduate-mlc-candidate-anji-reddy-accuses-congress-of-failing-to-deliver-on-its-promise-of-unemployment-allowance/article69193230.ece |archive-date=7 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Elections were held on February 27 and the votes were counted on 5 March 2025 a total 2,52,100 votes cast, in which 2,24,000 were consider valid and Over 28,000 votes were declared invalid. Anji Reddy secured 78,635 votes, congress's Narender Reddy with 73,644 votes followed by BSP's Prasanna Harikrishna with 63,404 votes who stood third as no candidates secured the stipulated 50%+1 of the valid votes in the first preference vote count, EC went for second preference vote count in which Anji Reddy secured 98,637 votes, congress's Narender Reddy with 93,531 votes and CEO declared BJP candidate Anji Reddy won with a majority of 5,106 votes.<ref name="Backed by BJP, Anji Reddy ‘wins’ Karimnagar Graduates’ seat">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/backed-by-bjp-anji-reddy-wins-karimnagar-graduates-seat/article69295713.ece|title=Backed by BJP, Anji Reddy 'wins' Karimnagar Graduates' seat|last1=|first1=|date=6 March 2025|accessdate=6 March 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306041904/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/backed-by-bjp-anji-reddy-wins-karimnagar-graduates-seat/article69295713.ece|archivedate=6 March 2025|publisher=The Hindu|language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anji Reddy, C.}}<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:1966 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Telangana Legislative Council]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=LLR_Hospital_metro_station&diff=511454LLR Hospital metro station2026-03-24T11:28:15Z<p>Serguty: started data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Kanpur Metro's Orange Line metro station}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = [[File: Lucknow_Metro.jpg|30px]]<br/>Lala Lajpat Rai Hospital<br />
| style = Kanpur Metro<br />
| type = {{Kanpur Metro Infobox station line|line = Orange}}<br />
| image = LLR Hospital metro station.jpg<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| address = Sarvodaya Nagar, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208001<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.479413|80.311471|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| owned = [[Kanpur Metro]]<br />
| operator = [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]<br />
| line = {{rcb|Kanpur Metro|Orange|croute}}<br />
| platform = [[Side platform]]<br/>Platform-1 → [[Kanpur Central metro station|Kanpur Central]]<br/>Platform-2 → [[IIT Kanpur metro station|IIT Kanpur]]<br />
| tracks = 2<br />
| other = <br />
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]<br />
| depth = <br />
| levels = 2<br />
| parking = Two & Four Wheeler - Yes<br />
| bicycle = <br />
| accessible = <br />
| code = <br />
| zone = <br />
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2021|12|28}}<br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = <br />
| electrified = 750 V DC [[third rail]]<br />
| former = <br />
| mpassengers = <br />
| passengers = <br />
| pass_system = <br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Kanpur Metro|line=Orange|left=Rawatpur|right=Moti Jheel|to-left=IIT Kanpur|to-right=Kanpur Central}}<br />
| route_map = {{Kanpur Metro Orange Line Route}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-marker = rail<br />
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Kanpur Metro|Orange}}<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
}}<br />
'''LLR Hospital''' is a metro station on the east–west corridor of the [[Orange Line (Kanpur Metro)|Orange Line]] of [[Kanpur Metro]] station in [[Kanpur]], India. The station was opened on 28 December 2021 as part of the inaugural section of Kanpur Metro, between [[IIT Kanpur metro station|IIT Kanpur]] and [[Moti Jheel metro station|Moti Jheel]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sabarwal |first1=Harshit |title=Memorable experience, says PM Modi after riding new section of Kanpur Metro |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-inaugurates-completed-section-of-kanpur-metro-rail-project-101640677868513.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="urbanrail">{{cite web |last1=Schwandl |first1=Robert |title=Kanpur |url=https://www.urbanrail.net/as/in/kanpur/kanpur.htm |publisher=urbanrail}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Station layout ==<br />
{{stack|{{Routemap<br />
| title = LLR Hospital track layout<br />
| title-color = white<br />
| title bg color = #FF6000<br />
| collapsible = no<br />
| legend = track<br />
| footnote = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div><br />
| map = vCONTgfa<br />
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Rawatpur metro station|Rawatpur]]<br />
*'''P2'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P1'''<br />
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Moti Jheel metro station|Moti Jheel]]<br />
vCONTgfe<br />
}}}}<br />
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance<br />
|-<br />
|valign=top|'''L1'''<br />
|valign=top|Mezzanine<br />
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover<br/><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|<small>[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|<span style=color:#FF6000>'''Platform 1'''<br/>'''Eastbound'''</span><br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → [[Moti Jheel metro station|Moti Jheel]] <br />
|-<br />
|<span style=color:#FF6000>'''Platform 2'''<br/>'''Westbound'''</span> <br />
|Towards ← [[IIT Kanpur metro station|IIT Kanpur]]<br><small>'''Next Station:''' [[Rawatpur metro station|Rawatpur]]</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|<small>[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Kanpur]]<br />
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
*[[List of Kanpur Metro stations]]<br />
*[[List of metro systems]]<br />
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Official website|https://www.lmrcl.com/kanpur-metro/station-info|name=Kanpur Metro Station information}}<br />
<br />
{{Kanpur Metro stations}}<br />
<br />
__FORCETOC__<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kanpur Metro stations]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2021]]<br />
[[Category:2021 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
<br />
{{UttarPradesh-railstation-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bees_Saal_Pehle&diff=457400Bees Saal Pehle2026-03-23T08:28:49Z<p>Serguty: minor add section based on references and cleaned formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{More citations needed||date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Bees Saal Pehle<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| director = Probir Roy<br />
| producer = <br />
| writer = <br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Vinod Mehra]]<br>[[Lalita Pawar]]<br />
| music = [[Hemant Kumar]]<br />[[S.H. Bihari]] (lyrics)<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|1972}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Bees Saal Pehle''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1972|1972]] [[Bollywood]] [[Horror film|horror]] [[drama film]] directed by Probir Roy and produced by [[Hemant Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bees Saal Pehle 1972 VCD: Buy at Hemantonline.com |url=https://www.hemantonline.com/i/bees-saal-pehle-1972-vcd |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=Hemantonline.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bees Saal Pehle (1972) |url=https://indiancine.ma/OWW |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> The film stars [[Vinod Mehra]], [[Lalita Pawar]] and [[Farida Jalal]] in lead roles.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Vinod Mehra]]<br />
* [[Sarita Joshi]]<br />
* [[Farida Jalal]]<br />
* [[Lalita Pawar]]<br />
* [[Mohan Choti]]<br />
* [[Gautam Mukherjee]]<br />
* [[Padma Khanna]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian horror movie poster for sale: Bees Saal Pahele 1972 |url=https://bollywoodmovieposters.com/shop/old-indian-movie-posters-for-sale/bees-saal-pahele/ |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=Bollywood Movie Posters |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
* "Abhi To Dua Deke Bachpan Gaya Hai" ([[Asha Bhosle]], [[Kishore Kumar]])<br />
* "Geet in Hothon Par Mere Aane Ko To Aa Hi Gaye" ([[Lata Mangeshkar]])<br />
* "Hai Re Yeh Pyaar Ki Majboori Aur Bebasi" (Lata Mangeshkar)<br />
* "Hai Zamaana Mere Dil Pyaar Ka" (Kishore Kumar)<br />
* "Jab Tak Yeh Raat Hai Baaki Teri Meri Baat Hai Baaki" (Ranu Mukherjee)<br />
* "Kehte Hain Saare Hanste Nazaare Khushiyaan Lutaaye Chala Jaa" (Lata Mangeshkar)<br />
* "Kyon Hai Deewaane Tu Akela Kahaan Gaye Tere Saathi" (Ranu Mukherjee)<br />
* "Poochhe To Kaun Poochhe Yeh Baat Aasmaan Se" ([[Hemant Kumar]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bees Saal Pehle 1972 Anupama Farida horror Hindi BOOKLET/PRESSBOOK BOLLYWOOD |url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/405173289051 |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=eBay |language=en-us}}</ref><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=0357472|title=Bees Saal Pehle}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1972 films]]<br />
[[Category:1972 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1972 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1972 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Hemant Kumar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian horror drama films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}<br />
{{1970s-drama-film-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamta_(1966_film)&diff=515610Mamta (1966 film)2026-03-22T13:02:20Z<p>Serguty: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1966 film by Asit Sen}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{About-distinguish|the 1966 film|Mamta (1952 film)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Mamta<br />
| image = Mamta 1966.jpg<br />
| caption = Film poster<br />
| director = [[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]]<br />
| producer = Charu Chitra<br />
| writer = [[Krishan Chander]] {{small|(dialogues)}}<ref name="Mamta49">{{Cite AV media|title=Mamta|year=1966}} 0:49.</ref><br />
| story = [[Nihar Ranjan Gupta]]<br />
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Uttar Falguni]] (1963)''}}<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Suchitra Sen]]<br>[[Dharmendra]]<br>[[Ashok Kumar]]<br />
| music = [[Roshan (music director)|Roshan]]<br />
| cinematography = Anil Gupta<br />
| editing = Tarun Dutta<br />
| distributor = Chhayabani<br />
| released = {{Film date|1966}}<br />
| runtime = 160 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Mamta|year=1966|location=0:25}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Film World|journal=Film World|year=1974|volume=10|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHlTAAAAYAAJ|publisher=T.M. Ramachandran|language=en|quote=Two eminent Urdu writers [[Krishan Chander]] and [[Ismat Chughtai]] have said that "more than seventy-five per cent of films are made in Urdu."}}</ref><br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = {{estimation}} {{₹|120 million|link=yes}} ({{US$|16 million|long=no|link=yes}})<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Mamta''''' ({{translation|"Mother's Love"}}) is a 1966 Indian [[drama film]] directed by [[Asit Sen (director)|Asit Sen]], written by [[Nihar Ranjan Gupta]] and [[Krishan Chander]],<ref name="Mamta49"/> with music composed by [[Roshan (music director)|Roshan]] to lyrics written by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]].<ref name="Cowie1977">{{cite book|author=Peter Cowie|title=World Filmography: 1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jp7ayTLX1D8C&pg=PA270|access-date=23 February 2015|year=1977|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press|isbn=978-0-498-01565-6|pages=270}}</ref> The movie stars [[Suchitra Sen]], [[Dharmendra]] and [[Ashok Kumar]]. The film about middle class fears and class conflict, has lead actress Suchitra Sen in dual roles.<br />
<br />
The film is also noted for its music by Roshan and lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri, in songs like, ''Rahen Na Rahen Hum'' sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and her hit duet, ''Chuppa Lo Yun Dil Mein Pyar Mera'' with [[Hemant Kumar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Blast From The Past: Mamta (1966) |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/04/02/stories/2010040250230400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212111/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/04/02/stories/2010040250230400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 October 2013 |date=2 April 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=29 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film is a remake of Asit Sen's own [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film, ''[[Uttar Falguni]]'' (1963),<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ganguly|first1=Ruman|date=27 November 2019|title=Remakes of Bengali films: What's new in this trend?|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/remakes-of-bengali-films-whats-new-in-this-trend/articleshow/72241437.cms|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> also starring Suchitra Sen.<ref name="11thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|title=11th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170502124428/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=2 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Monish Rai comes from a wealthy family and is in love with Devayani, who is from a poor family. Monish wants to travel abroad for higher studies, and this will be funded by his family. He fears that his family will not approve of Devayani and will refuse to fund his foreign studies if he makes known his intention to marry her. Therefore, he and Devayani agree to delay their wedding until Monish returns to India.<br />
<br />
Financial problems overwhelm Devayani's father not long after Monish leaves for [[England]]. He has been taking new loans to repay old loans, and most of these new loans have come from a certain Rakhal, who poses as a friend and well-wisher of Devayani's father. Rakhal is in fact a vile and dissolute man, and he has his eye on the beautiful Devayani. At a timely moment, Rakhal makes his irresistible proposal to Devayani's father. A simple and rather gullible man, Devayani's father thinks that marrying Rakhal would be a good thing for Devayani because Rakhal is a rich man and Devayani will live a comfortable life. He agrees to give his daughter in marriage to Rakhal. A horrified Devayani tells her father that she does not want to marry at all, but to live with him and take care of him in his old age. This cuts no ice at all with the father, and the wedding date is fixed. A desperate Devayani even approaches Monish's mother for financial assistance, but is refused.<br />
<br />
The wedding takes place. Rakhal, who is significantly older than Devayani, makes some effort to court her, but she finds him repulsive. Rakhal soon begins to find Devayani's sour and rejectionist attitude tiresome, and he returns to his drinking and gambling cronies. He also resorts to violence when he feels insulted by Devayani's attitude. Rakhal had inherited much wealth from his father, but he is a wastrel with a fondness for drink, cards and girls. He splurges money on his many vices and the truth is that much of his money is now gone. Devayani soon becomes pregnant and gives birth to a baby girl, Suparna. Devayani's father dies just around this time, leaving her with nowhere to turn to for succour. Her husband is briefly put in jail after a drunken brawl at a brothel, and it becomes known that his money is finished. Unhappy with her marriage and her circumstances, Devayani runs away and becomes a [[devadasi]], performing for a male clientele. She is however tracked down by Rakhal, who attempts to kidnap his daughter Suparna on more than one occasion. In order to ensure protection of daughter from father, Devayani leaves Suparna in an orphanage run by [[Christian]] missionaries, making the stipulation that Suparna should not be placed for adoption, and that she will contribute for Suparna's upkeep when possible. Devayani relocates and throws herself wholeheartedly into earning a living by singing and dancing for a male audience at a traditional-style [[kotha]] (with few, if any, instances of sex work).<br />
<br />
Monish returns to the city after completing his education. He has already heard of Devayani's wedding. He is unable to forget her, and he remains unmarried all his life. Once, on the street, he sees a woman who looks like Devayani and calls out to her, but she turns away and quickly sits inside a nearby taxi with no sign of recognition and drives away. Monish is told by others that the person he has seen is a [[Lucknow]]-based [[tawaif]], Pannabai.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Suchitra Sen]] in a [[dual role]] as<br />
**Devyani/Pannabai<br />
**Suparna (Devyani's daughter and Indraneel's girlfriend)<br />
* [[Dharmendra]] ... Barrister Indraneel (Suparna's boyfriend)<br />
* [[Ashok Kumar]] ... Monish Rai (Devyani's love interest)<br />
* [[Bipin Gupta]] ... Kantilal<br />
* [[David (actor)|David Abraham]] ... Doctor Abraham<br />
* Tarun Bose ... Mahadev Prasad<br />
* [[Pahari Sanyal]] ... Prosecuting Lawyer<br />
* Pratima Devi ... Mother Mary<br />
* Kalipada Chakraborty ... Rakhal Bhattacharya (Devyani's abusive husband and Suparna's father)<br />
* [[Chhaya Devi]] ... Minabai<br />
* Rajlakshmi Devi ... Guest at party<br />
* [[Chaman Puri]] (uncredited) ... Ghishta Babu (Devyani's father)<br />
* [[Asit Sen (director)]] as Mahadev Prasad<br />
* [[Jahor Roy]]<br />
<br />
==Box office==<br />
The film performed well at the domestic box office. It was the year's 15th highest-grossing film in India, earning {{INR|12 million|link=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=172&catName=MTk2Ng==|title=Box Office 1966|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=14 October 2013|publisher=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014102652/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=172&catName=MTk2Ng==|archive-date=14 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ({{US$|{{#expr:12/6.359 round 1}} million|long=no|link=yes}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - India |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1966&locations=IN&start=1965 |website=[[World Bank]] |year=1966 |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> This was equivalent to estimated footfalls of approximately {{nowrap|{{#expr:<!--gross-->12/<!--1966 average ticket price-->(1.37*0.63+2.16*0.37) round 1}} million}} tickets sold in India.<ref name="mittal">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJVodLc6NgoC&pg=PA77|title=Cinema Industry in India: Pricing and Taxation|last1=Mittal|first1=Ashok|date=1995|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870231|pages=71 & 77}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film became an [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|overseas blockbuster]] in the [[Soviet Union]], selling {{nowrap|52.1 million}} tickets in 1969, making it the sixth [[List of highest-grossing films in the Soviet Union|highest-grossing Indian film ever in the Soviet Union]].<ref name="soviet">{{cite web |last1=Kudryavtsev |first1=Sergey |author1-link=Sergey Kudryavtsev (film critic) |url=https://kinanet.livejournal.com/1469857.html |title=Зарубежные популярные фильмы в советском кинопрокате (Индия) |trans-title=Popular Foreign Films (Indian) in Soviet Film Distribution |website=[[LiveJournal]] |date=3 August 2008 |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> This was equivalent to an estimated {{nowrap|13 million}}&nbsp;[[Soviet rouble|Rbls]]{{#tag:ref|52.1 million tickets sold,<ref name="soviet"/> average ticket price of {{nowrap|25 [[kopeck]]s}}<ref name="moscow7">{{cite book |last1=Roth-Ey |first1=Kristin |chapter=Chapter 1: The Soviet Film Industry |title=Moscow Prime Time: How the Soviet Union Built the Media Empire that Lost the Cultural Cold War |date=2011 |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8014-4874-4 |page=48 |chapter-url=https://is.muni.cz/el/1421/podzim2015/FAV291/um/Roth-Ey-Moscow_Prime_Time.pdf#page=7}}</ref>|group=n}} ({{US$|14.4 million|long=no}},{{#tag:ref|0.9&nbsp;[[Soviet rouble|Rbl]] per US dollar from 1961 to 1971<ref name="russia">{{cite web |title=Archive |url=http://cbr.ru/currency_base/OldDataFiles/USD.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229074625/http://cbr.ru/currency_base/OldDataFiles/USD.xls |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 December 2009 |website=[[Central Bank of Russia]] |language=ru |access-date=11 September 2012}}</ref>|group=n|name=RubleUSD6171}} or {{INR|108 million}}).{{#tag:ref|7.5 Indian rupees per US dollar from 1967 to 1970<ref name="sauder">{{cite web|title=Pacific Exchange Rate Service|url=http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/etc/USDpages.pdf#page=3|website=[[UBC Sauder School of Business]]|publisher=[[University of British Columbia]]|page=3|access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref>|group=n|name=RupeeUSD6770}}<br />
<br />
Combined, the film grossed an estimated {{INR|{{#expr:12+108}} million}} ({{US$|{{#expr:1.9+14.4}} million|long=no}}) worldwide. In terms of footfall, the film sold an estimated {{nowrap|{{#expr:7.2+52.1}} million}} tickets worldwide.<br />
<br />
==Nominations==<br />
* [[Filmfare]] Nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
* [[Filmfare]] Nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] - Asit Sen<br />
* [[Filmfare]] Nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] - Suchitra Sen<br />
* [[Filmfare]] Nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]] - Nihar Ranjan Gupta<ref>[http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf 1st Filmfare Awards 1953<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The songs of the films were composed by [[Roshan (music director)|Roshan]] and written by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]].<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Chahe To Mera Jiya Lele<br />
| extra1 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
| length1 = 03:53<br />
| title2 = Chupa Lo Yun Dil Mein Pyar Mera<br />
| extra2 = Lata Mangeshkar, [[Hemant Kumar]]<br />
| length2 = 03:11<br />
| title3 = Hum Gavanwa Na Jayibe Ho<br />
| extra3 = Lata Mangeshkar<br />
| length3 = 04:20<br />
| title4 = Instrumental<br />
| extra4 = {{dash}}<br />
| length4 = 02:44<br />
| title5 = Instrumental<br />
| extra5 = {{dash}}<br />
| length5 = 04:05<br />
| title6 = Rahen Na Rahen Hum (solo)<br />
| extra6 = Lata Mangeshkar<br />
| length6 = 04:24<br />
| title7 = Rahen Na Rahen Hum (duet)<br />
| extra7 = [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Suman Kalyanpur]]<br />
| length7 = 02:20<br />
| title8 = Rahte The Kabhi Jinke<br />
| extra8 = Lata Mangeshkar<br />
| length8 = 03:43<br />
| title9 = In Baharon Mein<br />
| extra9 = Mohammed Rafi, [[Asha Bhosle]]<br />
| total_length = <br />
| length9 = 03:21<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|group=n}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0060659|Mamta}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mamta (1966 Film)}}<br />
[[Category:1966 films]]<br />
[[Category:1966 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about women in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Bengali films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Roshan (music director)]]<br />
[[Category:1960s Urdu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on works by Nihar Ranjan Gupta]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about courtesans in India]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vincent_de_Salig%C3%A3o&diff=544679Vincent de Saligão2026-03-15T08:50:06Z<p>Serguty: made a bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian female impersonator and actor (1924–1997)}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Vincent de Saligão<br />
| image = Portrait of Vincent de Saligão.jpg<br />
| caption = Portrait of Vaz during his youth<br />
| birth_name = Vicente Conceição Vás<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|12|15|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Saligão]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]]<br />
| death_place = Saligao, Goa, India <br />
| other_names = {{hlist|Vincy Vaz|Vincent Conception Vas}}<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1997|4|27|1924|12|15|df=y}}<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Female impersonator|actor|playwright|composer|singer}}<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Marelia Alvares|1948}}<br />
| years_active = 1942–1980s<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Vincent Conceição Vaz''' (born '''Vicente Conceição Vás'''; 15 December 1924 – 27 April 1997), known professionally as '''Vincent de Saligão''', was an Indian [[Drag queen|female impersonator]], actor, playwright, composer, singer, and journalist who worked on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]].<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Vaz was born as Vicente Conceição Vás on 15 December 1924 in [[Saligão]], [[Goa]], which was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]]. Vaz was raised in a [[Goan Catholic]] family, the son of Julio Sebastião Vás, an employee, and Luizinha de Souza, a [[homemaker]] from [[Anjuna]], Goa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 June 2006 |title=Registo De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/Appln/UIL/BirthDeathCertificate_af?__Key=&_Mode=B&__cscKey= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810131321/https://goaonline.gov.in/HomePage |archive-date=10 August 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref> He had one younger brother, José, (born 1930). While studying at Mater Dei School<ref name=":2" /> in Saligão, Vaz engaged in a range of performances, including concerts<ref name=":1" /> and theatrical productions, that were organized by the village boys in Saligão. This involvement was a common experience for those with aspirations to become ''[[tiatrist]]s'' in Goa.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
After attending a performance by an established ''tiatrist'', Vaz was inspired to pursue a career in ''tiatr'', the traditional [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater form. At a young age, he wrote and staged his first original ''tiatr'', titled ''Kustorba'', in his hometown, which was well received by local audiences. Vaz's stage productions in [[Parra, Goa]] drew the interest of Anton Francis Rod, a well-known ''tiatr'' performer of that era. Impressed by Vaz's talent, Rod extended an offer for Vaz to participate in one of his shows, noting the young Vaz's presence and skills.<ref name=":2" /> This production also featured the [[Theatrical troupe|dramatic troupe]] of [[Aleixinho de Candolim]], providing Vaz with his first major opportunity to showcase his talents as both a singer and actor on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]], marking a significant milestone in his career.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Vaz was known for his versatility as an actor, particularly in [[cross-gender acting|portraying female roles]]. During the early years of his career, he affiliated with [[Aleixinho de Candolim]]'s [[Theatrical troupe|dramatic troupe]]. This association granted him the chance to participate in ''[[tiatr]]s'', a style of [[Goan]] theater, at multiple venues throughout the [[Goa]] region. This exposure helped Vaz gain recognition and acclaim for his acting abilities. He took on roles in a variety of ''tiatrs'' staged by Aleixinho, showcasing his acting talent and contributing to the cultural landscape of Goan theater. He garnered acclaim for his performances wherever he appeared, gradually gaining popularity among audiences.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cardozo |first=Irene |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=115–116}}</ref> In 1942, a theatrical group from [[Bombay]], known as ''[[tiatrist]]s'', embarked on a tour of Goa where they were showcasing a play called ''Ducoulelem Calliz'' by Anthony Vaz. One of the actors, Vincent Rod, playing the role of an [[Amah (occupation)|ayah]], suddenly fell ill after a performance. This led to a requirement for a replacement actor, especially for a female character. The Bombay troupes, known for their high standards, struggled to find a suitable replacement who could meet their expectations, particularly for a female role.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=112–113 |language=en |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
After carrying out auditions for multiple artists, the lead actor of the play Miss Julie, who was a [[Drag queen|female impersonator]] and held considerable authority in casting decisions, did not find any suitable candidates initially. However, he eventually relented and allowed Vaz to take on the role.<ref name=":1" /> Before this particular chance, Vaz had never played a female role. However, his [[Androgyny|physical appearance]] and skill in portraying a woman convincingly through attire and mannerisms impressed the Bombay troupes, ultimately resulting in his selection for the role. Vaz's performance in the Bombay ''tiatr'' production further solidified his reputation as a versatile actor, particularly in the realm of female roles. His association with Aleixinho de Candolim's troupe and the success of the Bombay tour cemented his standing in the Goan theater scene.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Cardozo |first=Tomazinho |date=2013-09-07 |title=Vincent de Saligao: Ostorechi bhumika korun tiatr porzollailo |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/7sep_avaz |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=Amcho Avaz via [[O Heraldo]] |language=gom |archive-date=2024-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323125429/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/7sep_avaz |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Initially hesitant about his ability to effectively [[cross-gender acting|portray female roles]], Vaz, a newcomer to the world of female impersonation in [[Bombay]], eventually showcased his talents and met the high standards of performance established by other ''[[tiatr]]'' artists in the region during that period. His performance as the character of an "[[Amah (occupation)|ayah]]" (also known as a [[Lady's maid|female attendant]] or nurse) was praised and appreciated by audiences.<ref name=":1" /> The contractor tasked with [[Promoter (entertainment)|managing the printing and promotion]] of Vaz's inaugural performance inadvertently substituted the name "Vincent de Saligão" on the show's [[handbill]]s after failing to recollect Vaz's surname. This stage name then became associated with Vaz going forward. After this initial success, the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] playwright [[J. P. Souzalin]] began regularly incorporating Vaz into the lead roles of his ''tiatr'' productions.<ref name=":0" /> Vaz became a specially [[featured artist]] in Souzalin's work, with the playwright leveraging Vaz's talents to help elevate the ''tiatr'' tradition as a whole.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
In a similar manner, Souzalin ensured that Vaz had a dedicated space to pursue his Konkani ''tiatr'' stage career. Some of the popular ''tiatrs'' that featured Vaz in leading roles under Souzalin's direction included ''Osnoddcho Kistulo'', ''Poilea Cheddeacho Baltim'' (First Son's Baptism), ''Tiklem Cheddum'', ''Dadlo Vhodd vo Ostori'' (Is Man Great or Woman?), etc. In addition to his collaborations with Souzalin, Vaz also performed in productions directed by other leading Konkani theatre figures of the era, such as [[Saib Rocha]], [[C. Alvares]], [[A. M. B. Rose]], [[Ernest Rebello]], [[Jacinto Vaz]], [[Minguel Rod]], and [[Anthony De Sa (actor)|Anthony De Sa]].<ref name=":0" /> Across these varied associations, Vaz continued to be cast primarily in female character roles.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
Vaz earned the reputation as the "Prince of Female Roles", which many directors bestowed the title upon him, due to his ability to convincingly [[cross-gender acting|embody and depict women on stage]]. He achieved renown for his contributions to ''tiatrs'', excelling in the portrayal of female roles and became a known figure among ''tiatr'' enthusiasts for his performances in female roles across several productions. Playwrights [[J. P. Souzalin]] and A. M. B. Rose tailored specific roles for Vaz that highlighted his talent for portraying feminine characters, which enhanced the entertainment value of the ''tiatrs''. Vaz's transformations into women were so complete and authentic that it was challenging for audiences to discern that he was a male actor, as his [[Femininity|movements, voice, and overall presentation]] all exuded a convincingly feminine quality.<ref name=":2" /> Vaz's most acclaimed performances were in the ''tiatrs Atancheo Sunon'' (The Present Daughter-in-laws) by [[C. Alvares]] and ''Paichi Chuk vo Mainchi?'' (Father's mistake or Mother's?) by J. P. Souzalin.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
In addition to his acting endeavors, Vaz was involved in the creation and production of several ''tiatr'' performances that he wrote and staged himself, including ''Visvaxi Ghorcarn'' (Trustful Housewife), ''Anv Matari'' (Me, the Old lady), ''Devak Dennem'' (God's Gift), ''Mhaka Dhor'' (Catch Me), ''Khoxe Bhair Kazar'' (Marriage out of Happiness), ''Hoklechi Khoxi'' (Bride's Wish), ''Atam Konn Kazar Zait?'' (Now, who might Marry?), and ''Boyfriend''. Vaz also acted in the ''tiatr Don Ghoranchi Dusmankai'' (The Adversary of Two Houses), written by [[Dioguinho D'Mello]] and directed by Antonio Francisco Rod, with Dioguinho expressing admiration for Vaz's thespian skills.<ref name=":2" /> During this period, Vaz performed under the stage name of Vincy Vaz. Vaz demonstrated his multifaceted talents through directing the ''tiatr'' production ''Auntychea Roomant'' (In Aunty's Room), in addition to this, he was known for composing various songs, and showcasing his singing abilities. His [[musical compositions]] were recorded by [[Gramophone Company India]], featuring well-known tracks like "Cheddvank Ollkonk" and "Kazar Zain Dista". Furthermore, he played a role as a journalist for [[Konkani language|Konkani]] magazines, including the [[Weekly newspaper|weekly publications]] ''The Goa Times'' and ''The Goa Mail'', both based in [[Bombay]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Vaz was a resident of the [[census town]] of [[Saligao]] in Goa as of 1995, wherein he lived with his family. On 14 November 1948, at the age of 23, he married Marelia Alvares, who was 21 years old and also based in Saligao. The marriage ceremony took place at the Church of Our Lady of Dolours in [[Sonapur, Bhandup]], in [[Bombay]]. At the time of his marriage, Vaz was living in Sonapur and employed as a fitter. His marriage certificate was later [[Transcription (linguistics)|transcribed]] on 30 April 1987, by civil registrar officials in the [[Bardez]] [[taluka]] of Goa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinto |first=Wellan |date=30 April 1987 |title=Civil regsitrar Bardes order of transcribe |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/AllServices?cat=allZUeFHBL0zH_B_o_qI0Yn9nWEpm_kl2vuh1xW8sAol-2ZD-iDWhXpXWE_eMk/t-bc8/9nW91 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520212143/https://goaonline.gov.in/AllServices?cat=allZUeFHBL0zH_B_o_qI0Yn9nWEpm_kl2vuh1xW8sAol-2ZD-iDWhXpXWE_eMk/t-bc8/9nW91 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref> During his childhood, Vaz developed an interest in the work of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] playwright [[Aleixinho de Candolim]] and Konkani singer [[Dioguinho D'Mello]]. Though passionate about Konkani theater, he was not a full-time performer on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]].<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
As noted by Konkani writer [[Tomazinho Cardozo]], he highlighted the difficulty artists faced in supporting their families solely through performances in ''[[tiatr]]'' during that era. As a result, Vaz sought employment in the [[Gulf countries]] for an extended period, working abroad to support his family. Vaz's health eventually declined, necessitating his return to [[Goa]]. He was subsequently diagnosed with [[paralysis]]. During this period, Cardozo frequently visited Vaz at his home to show his respect, but was struck by Vaz's continued devotion to the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''tiatr'' stage, despite his debilitating condition. Even though Vaz could no longer actively participate in productions, he remained engaged with the art form, discussing ''tiatrs'' through his thoughts and insights until his death.<ref name=":2" /> On 27 April 1997, Vaz, aged 71, died in Saligao, Goa.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saligão, Vincent de}}<br />
[[Category:1924 births]]<br />
[[Category:1997 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Tiatrists]]<br />
[[Category:Actors from North Goa district]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meyaadha_Maan&diff=517527Meyaadha Maan2026-03-14T15:07:40Z<p>Serguty: starting new article!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2017 film by Rathna Kumar}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Meyaadha Maan.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Rathna Kumar]]<br />
| producer = Karthikeyan Santhanam<br />[[Karthik Subbaraj]] {{small|(Presenter)}}<br />
| writer = Rathna Kumar<br />
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Madhu (2014 film)|Madhu]]''|Rathna Kumar}}<br />
| starring = [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]]<br />[[Priya Bhavani Shankar]]<br />[[Vivek Prasanna]]<br />[[Indhuja Ravichandran]]<br />
| music = [[Santhosh Narayanan]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Vidhu Ayyanna]]<br />
| editing = Shafique Mohamed Ali<br />
| studio = [[Stone Bench Creations]]<br />
| distributor = Rock Fort Entertainment<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|10|18}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
'''''Meyaadha Maan''''' ({{translation|The deer that does not graze}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[Rathna Kumar]] in his feature directorial debut and produced by [[Karthik Subbaraj]]'s [[Stone Bench Creations]]. The film stars [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]] and [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] in the leads, with [[Vivek Prasanna]], [[Indhuja Ravichandran]], Arun Prasath, and [[Amrutha Srinivasan]] in supporting roles. It is an adaptation of Kumar's own short film ''[[Madhu (2014 film)|Madhu]]'', which he had directed for the Stone Bench Creations [[anthology film]] ''[[Bench Talkies]]''. This is the screen debut of both Priya and Indhuja.<br />
<br />
The film focuses on 'Idhayam' Murali, a happy-go-lucky [[light music]] singer, and his relationships with his longtime, one-sided love interest Madhumitha, his sister Sudarvizhi and his best friend Vinoth. Kumar was asked by Subbaraj to adapt his short film ''Madhu'' into a feature-length film due to its commercial nature. Except for Vivek Prasanna, the lead cast members of the film were replaced by Vaibhav and Priya for this film. Production was completed silently and the venture was first reported by the media in June 2017, with the film being shot primarily in [[Royapuram]], [[Chennai]].<br />
<br />
The film's music is composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]], whose soundtrack album received a positive response. The film features cinematography handled by [[Vidhu Ayyanna]] and editing done by Shafique Muhamed Ali.<br />
<br />
''Meyaadha Maan'' was released on 18 October 2017, coinciding with [[Diwali]], and received positive reviews from critics praising the performances of the cast, particularly those of Indhuja and Vivek, and the major technical aspects. The film was a sleeper hit at the box office. Indhuja received a win for Best Supporting Actress at the 11th [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]], while Vivek Prasanna received an award for [[Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] at the [[10th Vijay Awards]].<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Murali, also known as 'Idhayam' Murali by his friends as he is like the emotional lead character from the film, ''[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]'' (1991), rings his friends, Vinoth and Kishore informing them that he is going to commit suicide, as he is not able to bear the engagement of his college mate, Madhu, with whom Murali has feelings of one-sided love. In an attempt to stop his suicide, Vinoth and Kishore request that Madhu speak badly about Murali, which Madhu does hesitantly. On hearing this, Murali feels outraged and cancels his suicide attempt. He also believes that Madhu is ill-mannered. However, he blabbers about Madhu and how he loved her, which slightly moves Madhu. The marriage is postponed by a year.<br />
<br />
One year later, life moves on and Kishore invites Vinoth and Murali to his wedding. However, Vinoth is injured in an accident, so, Murali attends the marriage and also performs with his music crew, "Meyadha Maan." Murali meets Madhu and they pick up a quarrel over a room allotment. Murali walks out of the marriage after understanding that both Vinoth and Kishore are hell bent on ensuring that he does not torture Madhu during the marriage. Madhu is pained to hear that Murali still does not know about the drama on that suicide night.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Sudarvizhi, Murali's sister learns about her brother's one sided love for Madhu and falls in love with Vinoth. She ensures a fall out with Vinoth as he refuses to see her other than as a sister. Murali learns that Sudarvizhi is in love with Vinoth and happily assures her that he will ensure that she is married to Vinoth. Vinoth does not know about Sudarvizhi's love and feels that she had quarrelled with him as she was suffering from trauma due to a fever and a headache.<br />
<br />
One day, Vinoth meets Madhu and thanks her for her noble gesture. Suddenly Madhu falls unconscious. Vinoth admits her to a hospital and is rushing to fetch money for her treatment. Murali is suspicious that Vinoth has fallen in love with someone and follows him to the hospital. Murali gets upset when he sees his friend aiding the treatment of Madhu, whom he believes is his sworn enemy. Subsequently, Murali learns about the drama played by Vinoth and attacks him furiously for making him believe that Madhu is an ill-mannered person. In a jiffy, he starts rejoicing as he realises that Madhu is not ill-mannered and is still not married.<br />
<br />
A few days later, Murali finds Madhu falling unconscious and brings her home safely. Soon, Madhu and Murali bury the past and develop a friendship which enrages Madhu's father. Madhu's brother invites Murali for a family function to show him his place. Murali gleefully accepts the invitation. While he enthralls Madhumitha and children by his presence, Madhu's parents are irritated by his presence. Madhu comes to Murali's home the next day to shout at him for accepting the veiled invitation from his family. However she bonds with Sudarvizhi easily and has a good time at Murali's house. Suddenly, Vinoth brings in a marriage alliance for Sudarvizhi. Murali rejects the alliance saying that he has decided to marry his sister to Vinoth. This shocks Vinoth and he is even shocked to see Madhu in Murali's house. Vinoth walks away angrily from Murali's house.<br />
<br />
Madhu persuades Murali to talk with Vinoth and gives him an idea to unite Vinoth and Sudarvizhi. The idea works well and Vinoth reciprocates Sudarvizhi's love. Eventually Madhu informs Murali that she is in love with Murali. Madhu's father finds them as a pair and he hastens Madhu's arranged marriage ceremony with a different groom. Murali and Madhu plan to stop the marriage by having premarital intercourse, but they both pick up a quarrel while executing their plan in midway and part ways. Madhu gets ready for marriage, while Murali vows to complete Sudarvizhi's marriage before her marriage. After a few interesting twists and turns, Vinoth marries Sudarvizhi and Madhu reveals that she got pregnant by Murali through the earlier plan of stopping the arranged marriage ceremony. Madhu later ends up attempting to commit suicide as Murali refuses to marry her. As the credits roll, Madhu and Murali sign the marriage papers in the register office and the movie ends with Murali singing on stage with his wife Madhu recording his performance.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]] as 'Idhayam' Murali<br />
* [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] as S. Madhumitha (Madhu)<br />
* [[Vivek Prasanna]] as Vinoth<br />
* [[Indhuja Ravichandran]] as Sudarvizhi (Sudar)<br />
* [[Arun Prasath]] as Kishore<br />
* [[Amrutha Srinivasan]] as Priyanka<br />
* Mathew Varghese as Madhumitha's father<br />
* Sujatha Panju as Madhumitha's mother<br />
* [[Anthony Daasan]] in a special appearance in the "Thangachi" song<br />
*Pradeep K. Vijayan in a special appearance<br />
*Gopi Gpr<br />
*Saranya Ravichandran as a Band singer<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<br />
=== Development ===<br />
[[Karthik Subbaraj]] insisted [[Rathna Kumar]] to develop his short film ''[[Madhu (2014 film)|Madhu]]'' into a feature-length film for his production studio [[Stone Bench Creations]]. The short featuring actors [[Sananth]], Roshni Abraham and [[Vivek Prasanna]], was earlier included as one of the six stories in Stone Bench Creations' anthology film ''[[Bench Talkies]]'', which had a theatrical release in March 2015.<ref name="dc1">{{Cite web |date=19 August 2017 |title=The good side of North Madras |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/190817/the-good-side-of-north-madras.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727062804/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/190817/the-good-side-of-north-madras.html |archive-date=27 July 2019 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Rathna Kumar initially had no intentions of making ''Madhu'' into a feature film and had developed it only for his portfolio, but obliged to Subbaraj's request as producers were not keen on listening to his other scripts and also due to the commercial nature of the short. Rathna Kumar set the film in North Chennai as he was inspired by the creative talents of people in the [[Royapuram]] and Kasimedu area, where he found several singers, lyric writers and percussionists during his visits to the areas. The film's lead character runs a [[light music]] troupe, making the setting of Royapuram apt for the script.<ref name="dc1" /> The character's shyness to talk to his lover, meant that Rathna Kumar chose to give the character the name of 'Idhayam' Murali, derived from the timid character made famous by actor [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] in [[Kathir]]'s romantic drama ''[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]'' (1991).<ref name="dc1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan trailer: Aka Rayapurathu La La Land, this is a movie to watch out for |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/meyaadha-maan-trailer-aka-rayapurathu-la-la-land-this-is-a-movie-to-watch-out-for/story-AHv12vyboM4aV9nN9U031O.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131425/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/meyaadha-maan-trailer-aka-rayapurathu-la-la-land-this-is-a-movie-to-watch-out-for/story-AHv12vyboM4aV9nN9U031O.html |archive-date=6 February 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
Rathna Kumar wrote the first draft of the feature film keeping Sananth, who had starred in the short film, in mind.<ref name="ht1">{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Priyanka |date=November 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan director Rathna Kumar: I wouldn't call releasing a film along with Mersal a gamble |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/meyaadha-maan-director-rathna-kumar-i-wouldn-t-call-releasing-a-film-along-with-mersal-a-gamble/story-kBxXIYp836YavEDSU2hljM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615174739/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/meyaadha-maan-director-rathna-kumar-i-wouldn-t-call-releasing-a-film-along-with-mersal-a-gamble/story-kBxXIYp836YavEDSU2hljM.html |archive-date=15 June 2020 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> However, the producers opted against signing a relative newcomer and chose [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]] to portray the lead role. To prepare for his role, Vaibhav observed the emotions and body language of real stage singers by watching videos.<ref name="ie1">{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=23 October 2017 |title=We were nervous about releasing Meyaadha Maan along with Mersal: Actor Vaibhav |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/we-were-nervous-about-releasing-meyaadha-maan-along-with-mersal-actor-vaibhav4902822/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131424/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/we-were-nervous-about-releasing-meyaadha-maan-along-with-mersal-actor-vaibhav4902822/ |archive-date=6 February 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2017 |title=I play an intense character: Vaibhav |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-play-an-intense-character-vaibhav/articleshow/59144782.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-play-an-intense-character-vaibhav/articleshow/59144782.cms |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> As Roshni Abraham, who was then a corporate employee had chosen not to become a feature film actress, Rathna Kumar discussed the leading female role with [[Sai Pallavi]], who could not accommodate dates. He subsequently announced a casting call online, following which television actress [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] got in touch. Following a successful audition, she was selected to play the leading role of Madhumitha, with Rathna Kumar stating that her on-screen "image" worked for the film.<ref name="dc1" /><ref name="ht1" /> Priya later revealed that she was keen to do the film as it had the backing of Karthik Subbaraj, whose work she liked.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2017 |title=I'm not heroine-material: Priya Bhavani Shankar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/29/im-not-heroine-material-priya-bhavani-shankar-1686514.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208075404/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/29/im-not-heroine-material-priya-bhavani-shankar-1686514.html |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> [[Indhuja Ravichandran]] was selected to be a part of the film after impressing the director with her work in other short films, and was initially worried about her future work and image if she portrayed the sister of Vaibhav's character, before agreeing to star in the film. Vivek Prasanna was the only lead actor to retain his role from the short film.<ref name="ht1" /> The film's composer [[Santhosh Narayanan]] was keen to allow his long-time collaborator [[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]] to also work on the film as a co-composer, and played a role in bringing him into the project.<ref name="tnie1">{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=16 October 2017 |title='People are abusing me because my film's releasing alongside Mersal' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/16/people-are-abusing-me-because-my-films-releasing-alongside-mersal-vaibhav-1675049.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131542/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/16/people-are-abusing-me-because-my-films-releasing-alongside-mersal-vaibhav-1675049.html |archive-date=6 February 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
The film's shoot progressed silently in Royapuram, Chennai and was first revealed to the media only after ninety percent of the shoot was completed.<ref name=":2" /> Stone Bench Productions had made the film alongside their commitments for another film directed by Karthik Subbaraj, titled ''[[Mercury (film)|Mercury]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vandhana |date=23 June 2017 |title=Karthik Subbaraj Makes Prabhu Deva The Villain In 'Mercury' |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/karthik-subbaraj-makes-prabhu-deva-villain-mercury/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613084114/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/karthik-subbaraj-makes-prabhu-deva-villain-mercury/ |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=Silverscreen India |language=en-US}}</ref> Shooting of the film completed in late June 2017, with subsequently post-production activities for the film took place.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2017 |title=Karthik Subbaraj goes full throttle as producer |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/250617/karthik-subbaraj-goes-full-throttle-as-producer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206073729/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/250617/karthik-subbaraj-goes-full-throttle-as-producer.html |archive-date=6 February 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Main|Meyaadha Maan (soundtrack)}}<br />
<br />
The film's [[soundtrack album]] featured seven songs which were composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]] <ref name=":1"/> Santhosh also composed the [[background music]] for the film, apart from contributing five songs to the soundtrack whereas Pradeep worked on two songs. Besides composing the latter had also penned lyrics for one song, with [[Rathna Kumar]] penning two songs and Vivek writing four songs for the soundtrack; [[radio personality]] Mirchi Vijay (in his first stint as lyricist) penned one song for this film.<ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryWr91c1Uoc |title=Meyaadha Maan Songs Preview Teaser {{!}} Pradeep Kumar, Santhosh Narayanan {{!}} Vaibhav, Priya |date=26 September 2017 |last=Think Music India |access-date=10 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154333/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryWr91c1Uoc |archive-date=10 June 2021 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> All songs in the album consisted of varied genres.<ref name="dc1" /><br />
<br />
The "Thangachi Song" is a dance number picturised on Vaibhav and [[Indhuja Ravichandran]], which was sung by [[Anthony Daasan]]. It was released as a single to coincide with the Hindu festival of [[Raksha Bandhan]] on 7 August 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2017 |title=Meyaadha maan single: Thangachi is the perfect song to play to your sister this Rakshabandan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/meyaadha-maan-single-thangachi-is-the-perfect-song-to-play-to-your-sister-this-rakshabandan-4786537/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118130753/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/meyaadha-maan-single-thangachi-is-the-perfect-song-to-play-to-your-sister-this-rakshabandan-4786537/ |archive-date=18 January 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2017 |title=Thangachi Song (From "Meyaadha Maan") – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/thangachi-song-from-meyaadha-maan-single/1268383558 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154334/https://music.apple.com/in/album/thangachi-song-from-meyaadha-maan-single/1268383558 |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> The song gained popularity among the film audiences, for the catchy tune and quirky lyrics, with ''[[The Indian Express]]'' stated "the song perfectly captures the naughtiness and love that siblings share".<ref name=":0" /> Another single titled "Enna Naan Seiven" sung by Pradeep Kumar and Kalyani Nair released on 25 August 2017, coinciding with [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Ganesh Chathurthi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |author-link=Pradeep Kumar (musician) |date=25 August 2017 |title=Enna Naan Seiven (From "Meyaadha Maan") – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/tr/album/enna-naan-seiven-from-meyaadha-maan-single/1273604869 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241204120150/https://music.apple.com/tr/album/enna-naan-seiven-from-meyaadha-maan-single/1273604869 |archive-date=4 December 2024 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> The third single "Address Song" sung by Santhosh Narayanan was released on 13 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=Adiye S. Madhu – Address Song (From "Meyaadha Maan") – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/adiye-s-madhu-address-song-from-meyaadha-maan-single/1286647333 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241204113403/https://music.apple.com/us/album/adiye-s-madhu-address-song-from-meyaadha-maan-single/1286647333 |archive-date=4 December 2024 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> Being one of the typical soup-song genre, Rathna Kumar wanted this song to end the entire genre of bar songs that lambaste women.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan director Rathna Kumar: We wanted Address Song to bring an end to female-bashing numbers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/meyaadha-maan-director-rathna-kumar-we-wanted-address-song-to-bring-an-end-to-female-bashing-numbers4905734/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154331/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/meyaadha-maan-director-rathna-kumar-we-wanted-address-song-to-bring-an-end-to-female-bashing-numbers4905734/ |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The album which was marketed by [[Think Music]] was released at a promotional launch event held at [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]] in [[Chennai]] on 27 September 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/ca/album/meyaadha-maan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1278958897 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164340/https://music.apple.com/ca/album/meyaadha-maan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1278958897 |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> with the film's cast and crew and other celebrities in attendance.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJki4CjZlQc |title=Meyaadha Maan Audio Launch Event |date=27 September 2017 |type=Event |publisher=[[Think Music India]] |place=India |access-date=10 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154331/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJki4CjZlQc |archive-date=10 June 2021 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
=== Theatrical ===<br />
The film's initial theatrical release of 17 November 2017, came as a result of the strike announced by [[Tamil Film Producers Council]] over the additional local body tax levied by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu government]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2017 |title=Double taxation row: Multiplexes in Chennai on a strike, no new Tamil releases from this week |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/double-taxation-row-multiplexes-in-chennai-on-a-strike-no-new-tamil-releases-from-this-week/story-V99ueKCePDsBAuoJtC12pO.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154331/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/double-taxation-row-multiplexes-in-chennai-on-a-strike-no-new-tamil-releases-from-this-week/story-V99ueKCePDsBAuoJtC12pO.html |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> due to which some of the Tamil films which were scheduled for [[Diwali]] release excluding the higher profile release ''[[Mersal]]'' (2017), got delayed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2017 |title=Tamil Nadu cinema owners, film distributors join strike against local body tax; ticket prices to rise |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/tamil-nadu-cinema-owners-film-distributors-join-strike-against-local-body-tax-ticket-prices-to-rise-4119421.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154331/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/tamil-nadu-cinema-owners-film-distributors-join-strike-against-local-body-tax-ticket-prices-to-rise-4119421.html |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> The producers and distributors felt that moving the release forward to coincide with the festival would garner larger audiences and also the spillover audiences from ''Mersal'' would instead choose to see ''Meyaadha Maan''.<ref name="tnie1" /> After the strike ended on 12 October, the producers announced for a theatrical release on 18 October 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Meyaadha Maan' all set for Diwali release |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/meyaadha-maan-all-set-for-diwali-release-imagegallery-kollywood-rkrk3yffbbdbc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017092842/http://www.sify.com/movies/meyaadha-maan-all-set-for-diwali-release-imagegallery-kollywood-rkrk3yffbbdbc.html |archive-date=17 October 2017 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Screening ===<br />
The film opened to 100 screens across Tamil Nadu, but with positive feedback from critics and audiences, it resulted in a steady growth in the number of screens across Tamil Nadu, Malaysia and Singapore within days of the film's release.<ref name="ie1" /><ref name="ht1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Subha J |date=1 November 2017 |title='What Worked Is Good Content': Vaibhav Reddy on Meyaadha Maan's Success |url=https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/in-real-life-im-quite-like-idhayam-murali-the-vaibhav-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111140616/https://silverscreenindia.com/tamil/features/in-real-life-im-quite-like-idhayam-murali-the-vaibhav-interview/ |archive-date=11 November 2023 |access-date=5 February 2018 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref> Some trade analysts believed that the film benefited not only from the word-of-mouth but also due to the unique promotional ways initiated by producers which resulted in the good exposure among audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |last=C R |first=Balajee |date=25 November 2017 |title=Behind all the hype and hoopla |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/251117/behind-all-the-hype-and-hoopla.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154331/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/251117/behind-all-the-hype-and-hoopla.html |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Re-release ===<br />
The film saw a re-release on 7 March 2018. It opened in more than 75 theatres which is the highest for a re-release film.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=970677817959628800 |user=Nn84Naganatha |title=#MeeyathaMaan which released for Diwali along with #Mersal is now getting re-released in TN on March-9.. |author=Naganathan |access-date=19 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=971033058974449664 |user=MrRathna |title=Wooah 🤗. #Meyaadhamaan is back. 75 Screens is HUGE !! For those who tweeted saying you missed seeing this movie in Theaters. Enga veetu Kuthuvilaku is back again to Big screen. Enjoy |author=Rathna kumar |author-link=Rathna Kumar |access-date=19 October 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Marketing and distribution ===<br />
The teaser trailer of the film was released by actor [[Dhanush]] through his Twitter handle in late July 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan teaser: Vaibhav Reddy's Tamil film seems to be a light-hearted romcom |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/meyaadha-maan-teaser-vaibhav-reddys-tamil-film-seems-to-be-a-light-hearted-romcom-3877643.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154331/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/meyaadha-maan-teaser-vaibhav-reddys-tamil-film-seems-to-be-a-light-hearted-romcom-3877643.html |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=Dhanush to launch the teaser of Karthik Subbaraj's Meyadha Maan |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-to-launch-the-teaser-of-karthik-subbarajs-meyadha-maan-news-tamil-rh5jmIhfadgee.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154331/https://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-to-launch-the-teaser-of-karthik-subbarajs-meyadha-maan-news-tamil-rh5jmIhfadgee.html |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> As a part of the film's promotions, the makers dubbed the film as "Royapurathu La La Land" (''La La Land'' in Royapuram) and released posters and captions on the trailer to depict the film in that particular way.<ref name="tnie1" /> Critics believed that the promotion is a result of the film which explored the similar themes comparing with the [[La La Land|2016 American film of the same name]], as both films are of musical romantic genre.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2017 |title=The politics of love |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/31/the-politics-of-love-1688597.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154334/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/31/the-politics-of-love-1688597.html |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
The distribution rights of ''Meyaadha Maan'' were acquired by Rockfort Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan Distribution in TN By Rock Fort Entertainment |url=https://jackiecinemas.com/2017/08/31/meyaadha-maan-distribution-in-tn-by-rock-fort-entertainment/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422134225/https://jackiecinemas.com/2017/08/31/meyaadha-maan-distribution-in-tn-by-rock-fort-entertainment/ |archive-date=22 April 2024 |access-date=20 October 2024 |work=Jackiecinemas |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' criticised the lengthy plotline of the film adding that "many scenes go on far longer than they should and make us wish they had been tightly written and edited", but also stated that "since [Rathna Kumar] has also gotten us invested in these interesting characters, we overlook this flaw and take it as a reason to be with these characters for some more time".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=18 October 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/meyaadha-maan/movie-review/61128559.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018075750/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/meyaadha-maan/movie-review/61128559.cms |archive-date=18 October 2017 |access-date=10 June 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> S. Srivatsan of ''[[India Today]]'' assigned a score of three-and-a-half out of five saying "the film may appear to be this really intense and emotionally draining film that is usually associated with Karthik Subbaraj. But, it has musical bits, lots of humour and a not-bad romance."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivatsan |date=1 August 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan movie review: Vaibhav's film is Royapuram Ga Na Land |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/meyaadha-maan-movie-review-vaibhav-priya-bhavani-rathna-1067317-2017-10-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154331/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/meyaadha-maan-movie-review-vaibhav-priya-bhavani-rathna-1067317-2017-10-19 |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Srinivasa Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated that "Director Rathna Kumar's slumberous style of storytelling is both a curse and a blessing".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=19 October 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan review: Slow but ends up being a fun watch |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meyaadha-maan-review-slow-but-ends-up-being-a-fun-watch/article19882612.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154332/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meyaadha-maan-review-slow-but-ends-up-being-a-fun-watch/article19882612.ece |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]], in his review for ''[[Film Companion]]'', wrote, "Rathna Kumar puts together what could be called a "''rooted'' romcom". The typical romcom is just fluff, the cinematic equivalent of cotton candy&nbsp;— but ''Meyaadha Maan'' sets its sights higher. On some level, it's still your typical [[Tamil cinema|Kollywood]] fantasy about a boy and a way-out-of-his-league girl. But you can see the director striving to make each similar-sounding scene look and feel different."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=21 October 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan Movie Review |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/meyaadha-maan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154334/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/meyaadha-maan/ |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' gave the film a rating of three out of five, calling it "a well-written rom-com that works because of the brilliant performance of the lead actors".<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan review-A rom-com which works due to good writing |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/meyaadha-maan-review-a-rom-com-which-works-due-to-good-writing-review-tamil-rksjIaccgfbhi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018091302/http://www.sify.com/movies/meyaadha-maan-review-a-rom-com-which-works-due-to-good-writing-review-tamil-rksjIaccgfbhi.html |archive-date=18 October 2017 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Ashameera Aiyyapan in her review for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Meyaadha Maan characters speak a language of raw, imperfect honesty that is endearing and delightful", but criticising the second half of the film, the review further stated "It could have a been slightly tauter towards the end. But the transgressions are too mild for a film that works on many counts."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyyapan |first=Ashameera |date=18 October 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan movie review: Vaibhav Reddy-Rathna Kumar's Royapurathu La La Land is a lovely watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/meyaadha-maan-movie-review-vaibhav-reddy-priya-bhavani-shankar-rathna-kumar-royapurathu-la-la-land-star-rating-4896199/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610154333/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/meyaadha-maan-movie-review-vaibhav-reddy-priya-bhavani-shankar-rathna-kumar-royapurathu-la-la-land-star-rating-4896199/ |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Arunkumar Shekhar of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Quirky twists and splendid music elevate this film from being your regular romance".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shekhar |first=Arunkumar |date=19 October 2017 |title=Meyaadha Maan review: A winning musical |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/oct/19/meyaadha-maan-review-a-winning-musical-1677854.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315194206/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/oct/19/meyaadha-maan-review-a-winning-musical-1677854.html |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
''Meyadha Maan'', worldwide, collected overall over Rs 92 lakhs in its opening day and Rs.4.27 crores in its opening weekend. In its opening week it collected over Rs.6.15 crore and collected over Rs 11 crore in its overall domestic collection.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=29 August 2018 |title=Small-budget films that made a mark in 2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/small-budget-films-that-made-a-mark-in-2017/photostory/62179256.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221130025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/small-budget-films-that-made-a-mark-in-2017/photostory/62179256.cms |archive-date=21 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Despite being released alongside the higher profile ''Mersal'', it became a [[sleeper hit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S V |first=Harshini |date=14 November 2023 |title=What Makes A Good Festive Box-Office Battle? |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/what-makes-for-a-good-festive-box-office-battle-2-karthi-vijay-jigarthanda-doublex-varisu-kaithi-ajith-rajinikanth-tamil-movies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211091907/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/what-makes-for-a-good-festive-box-office-battle-2-karthi-vijay-jigarthanda-doublex-varisu-kaithi-ajith-rajinikanth-tamil-movies |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Controversy ==<br />
There was a video circulating on the Internet that Indhuja, who made her debut in this film as Vaibhav's sister, has been cast in the lead of her next film ''[[Billa Pandi]]''.<ref name="cinemaexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2017 |title=Indhuja, of Meyaadha Maan fame, slams mischief mongers |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/nov/22/indhuja-of-meyadha-maan-fame-slams-mischief-mongers-3209.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301063155/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/nov/22/indhuja-of-meyadha-maan-fame-slams-mischief-mongers-3209.html |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> After reacting to the video, the actress took to her social media where she called the first ever controversy. There were sources stating that ''Billa Pandi'' was her second Tamil film, which she corrected and told that ''[[Mercury (film)|Mercury]]'' was, in fact, her second Tamil film and she too plays the female lead in that film. Indhuja stated in her social media page, saying that:<br />
{{Blockquote|text="Some people think controversy makes them reach big. Please grow up. Cinema industry these days appreciates talent and rewards hard work. If I wanted to do that to come up in the industry, I would not have struggled for four years to get Meyadha Maan and Mercury, films whose makers respected my talent. If I don't reply to this video now they will keep doing this to the other upcoming actors who have worked hard and struggled to be a part of this cinema industry."<ref name="cinemaexpress.com" />}}<br />
<br />
== Accolades ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Date of ceremony<br />
!Award<br />
!Category<br />
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)<br />
! class="unsortable" |Result<br />
! class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br />
|-<br />
|13 January 2018<br />
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]<br />
|Best Supporting Actress<br />
|[[Indhuja Ravichandran]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2018 |title=Vijay, Nayanthara, Bigg Boss Tamil win big at Vikatan Awards 2018 – here's the list of winners |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/vijay-nayanthara-bigg-boss-tamil-win-big-at-vikatan-awards-2018-heres-the-list-of-winners/187603 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815164456/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/vijay-nayanthara-bigg-boss-tamil-win-big-at-vikatan-awards-2018-heres-the-list-of-winners/187603 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|14 — 15 September 2018]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
|Best Supporting Actor – Tamil<br />
|[[Vivek Prasanna]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2018 |title=SIIMA Awards 2018: Aditi Rao Hydari, R Madhavan win big at the award ceremony held in Dubai |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/siima-awards-2018-aditi-rao-hydari-r-madhavan-nayanthara-win-big-award-ceremony-held-dubai/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610163754/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/siima-awards-2018-aditi-rao-hydari-r-madhavan-nayanthara-win-big-award-ceremony-held-dubai/ |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Supporting Actress – Tamil<br />
|Indhuja Ravichandran<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Debut Actress – Tamil<br />
|[[Priya Bhavani Shankar]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[10th Vijay Awards|3 June 2018]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Vijay Awards]]<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
|Vivek Prasanna<br />
| {{won}}<br />
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2018 |title=Vijay awards 2018: Nayanthara, Vijay Sethupathi win best actor award, Dhanush and Anirudh perform together. See pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/vijay-awards-2018-nayanthara-vijay-sethupathi-win-best-actor-award-dhanush-and-anirudh-perform-together-see-pics/story-QsajbLa5X2dkIoywp6vxlL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503165541/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/vijay-awards-2018-nayanthara-vijay-sethupathi-win-best-actor-award-dhanush-and-anirudh-perform-together-see-pics/story-QsajbLa5X2dkIoywp6vxlL.html |archive-date=3 May 2020 |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|Indhuja Ravichandran'<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]<br />
|Ka Ka Bala ("Area Gaana")<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Debut Director<br />
|[[Rathna Kumar]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
''Meyaadha Maan'' turned out to be a success and an important film in Vaibhav's career because the film was not a multistarrer and several of Vaibhav's successful films had only been multistarrers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=2 June 2018 |title=People who thought I was good only in multistarrers have accepted me as a solo lead: Vaibhav |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/people-who-thought-i-was-good-only-in-multistarrers-have-accepted-me-as-a-solo-lead-vaibhav/articleshow/64416264.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803075554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/people-who-thought-i-was-good-only-in-multistarrers-have-accepted-me-as-a-solo-lead-vaibhav/articleshow/64416264.cms |archive-date=3 August 2024 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In the 2019 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Petta (film)|Petta]]'', he makes a cameo appearance in that film's song, "Aaha Kalyanam" reprising his role as 'Idhayam' Murali.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=17 November 2023 |title=The success of sequels in Tamil cinema: From 'Japanil Kalyanaraman' to 'Jigarthanda DoubleX' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-success-of-sequels-in-tamil-cinema-from-japanil-kalyanaraman-to-jigarthanda-doublex/article67541715.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118160621/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-success-of-sequels-in-tamil-cinema-from-japanil-kalyanaraman-to-jigarthanda-doublex/article67541715.ece |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=11 October 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
{{Karthik Subbaraj}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Features based on short films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Rathna Kumar]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Santhosh Narayanan]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arni_jagir&diff=487521Arni jagir2026-03-11T06:16:34Z<p>Serguty: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox former subdivision<br />
|conventional_long_name =Arni jagir<br />
|common_name =Arni jagir<br />
|nation = [[British Raj]]<br />
|subdivision = [[Zamindari|Princely Estate]]<br />
|era = <br />
|year_start = 1638<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/British-era-palace-in-Arni-falling-apart/articleshow/53038278.cms |title=British Era palace falling apart in Arni|author=M T Saju|publisher= Times of India|access-date=4 July 2016|quote=It was Maratha king Shahji (Shivaji's father) who handed over Arni with 100 villages to his commander Vedaji Bhaskar Punt in AD 1640}}</ref><br />
|date_start = <br />
|event_start= <br />
|year_end = 1948<ref>{{cite news|title=Willed by Binny and Parry|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/willed-by-binny-and-parry/article19948375.ece|work=THE HINDU|author=S. Muthaiah|accessdate=30 October 2017}}</ref><br />
|date_end = <br />
|event_end= [[Independence of India]]<br />
|event1 = <br />
|date_event1 = <br />
|s1 = India<br />
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg<br />
|image_flag = <br />
|image_coat =COA Arni Princely Estate 1893.png<br />
|image_map = <br />
|image_map_caption =<br />
|stat_area1 = 546<br />
|stat_year1 = 1901<br />
|stat_pop1 = 95,542<br />
|today = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]<br />
|footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Arni Jagir''' was a Jagir (estate) and a permanently settled [[zamindari]] estate that existed in the North Arcot subdivision of the [[North Arcot]] district of the erstwhile [[Madras Presidency]] in [[British India]] from 1638 to 1948.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of South India, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vERnljM1uiEC|publisher=Mittal Publications|author=W.Francis|page=24|year=1988}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India, Volume 1|author=A. Vadivelu|publisher=G.C. Loganadham|year=1915|page=607|quote=Vedaji Bhascar Pant was the founder of the jaghire, to Vedaji Bhascar Thirumala Rao Sahib, the present [aghirdar, is due the credit of getting the permanent proprietary right of the Jaghirdars unmistakably established and confirmed by the British government}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Coat of Arms==<br />
<br />
The [[blazon]] of the Arni Coat of Arms is ''Per Deum et ferrum obtinui'' which means ''By God and my sword I have obtained''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUG81l1K4EYC&pg=PA193|title=The Routledge Dictionary of Latin Quotations: The Illiterati's Guide to Latin Maxims, Mottoes, Proverbs and Sayings|page=193|publisher=Psychology Press|author=Jon R. Stone|year=2005|isbn=9780415969086}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
{{see also|Battle of Arnee}}<br />
Arni jagir was granted to Vedaji Bhaskar Rao Pant by the [[Shahaji]] in 1638. Shivaji having failed in his negotiation, [[Sultanate of Bijapur]] took Arni and various other forts, and forcibly occupied the whole of Shahji's jagir in the Mysore.<ref>{{cite book|title=Aurangzeb|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63oMAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|author=Mountstuart Elphinstone|year=2008|page=90|isbn = 9780195475753}}</ref> The Jagir of Arni was again granted as a gift to Vedaji Bhaskar pant by the Sultanate of Bijapur in 1640.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Who's who in Madras: ... A Pictorial Who's who of Distinguished Personages, Princes, Zemindars and Noblemen in the Madras Presidency, Issue 9|page=250|publisher=Pearl Press|quote=The Jagir of Arni is the gift of the Sultanate of Bijapur granted about the year 1700 for military service* rendered in connection with the conquest of Tanjore and other places in the South}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Maratha Mints and Coinage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVdmAAAAMAAJ|page=182|author1=Kamalesh Kumar Maheshwari|author2=Kenneth W. Wiggins|year=1989|publisher=Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies}}</ref><br />
<br />
In early 1677 [[Shivaji]] and his military forces set out towards Golconda. He met Kootab Shah and negotiated a secret pact for a division of his intended conquests in the Carnatic ( excluding those that earlier belonged to his father, Shahaji). The spoils were to be divided between [[Shivaji]], Kootab Shah and [[Bijapur]]. With the agreement concluded and with Kootab Shah giving him money, horses and artillery, Shivaji set out in March 1677 for his invasions via Kurnool, Cuddapah and Madras. He conquered [[Gingee]] and [[Vellore]] and contemplated seizing Tanjore.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cambridge History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ|year=1960|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=276|author1=Edward James Rap|author2=Sir Wolseley Haig|author3=Sir Richard Burn}}</ref> Since [[Tanjore]] and other properties had belonged to his father he tried to seize them after negotiating with his brother, [[Ekoji I|Venkoji]]. Venkoji distrusted him and was not willing to give up his property. Shivaji did not give up and continued his battle. Vellore surrendered immediately and then Carntiegurh and two other forts reduced immediately after. Vedaji Bhaskar Pant who was in charge of Arni since the time of [[Shahaji]], brought the keys of the Fort and tendered his services to Shivaji. Shivaji thereby confirmed the award of the Jagir of Arnee to him.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the Mahrattas, Volume 1|publisher=Longmans, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green|author=James Grant Duff}}</ref><br />
After establishing [[Maratha Empire]], the jagir of Arni and Venidurg were left to the son of Vedaji Bhaskar pant, out of respect for Vedaji Bhaskar Pant for his loyalty.<ref>{{cite book|title=Shivaji and His Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYFrgILWbIgC|page=239|publisher=Orient Blackswan|author=Jadunath Sarkar|year=1992|isbn = 9788125013471}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Treaty of 1762===<br />
After the [[Battle of Arnee]], a treaty was signed in 1762 between the [[Nawab of Arcot]] and [[Pratap Singh of Thanjavur|Pratap Singh]], [[Rajah of Tanjore]]. This was guaranteed by the Government of [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]] and confirmed by the [[East India Company]]. This once again restored and confirmed the Jagir to Thirumala I Rao Sahib under the 5th Article of the Treaty.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Scandal of Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xiPd26ngXLkC|publisher=Harvard University Press|author=Nicholas B Dirks|page=269|year=2009|isbn = 9780674034266}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Extent of the Estate===<br />
The Arni jagir comprises 192 villages in the North Arcot district of Madras Presidency. Its extent was 211 square miles. The pant family ruled the region till 1948. The members of ruling family used 186 luxurious cars between 1920 and 1948, which were imported from various countries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Journey of Arani silk: From Gujarat to TN|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Journey-of-Arani-silk-From-Gujarat-to-TN-12112015007031|work=The Times of India|accessdate=12 November 2015|archive-date=5 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705033007/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Journey-of-Arani-silk-From-Gujarat-to-TN-12112015007031|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Palaces and Architecture==<br />
<br />
[[File:Jayamahal Palace Hotel P 20170221 080900 (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Arni House (now known as Jayamahal Palace/Jayamahal Palace hotel)]]<br />
[[File:Jagirdar of Arni Shooting box.jpg|right|thumb|Portrait of Arni Jagirdar's Poosi Malai Kuppam Palace in 1887]]<br />
In the town of Arni, which is the headquarters of the Arni jagir two palaces were built during 19 century.<ref>{{cite news|title=Experts stress the need to preserve Arni's architechtural heritage|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/experts-stress-the-need-to-preserve-arnis-architechtural-heritage/article8634736.ece|author=D. Madhavan|accessdate=23 May 2016|quote=Two palaces built in the 19th century are the highlight of the town and need conservation}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Diwan Khane Palace===<br />
The first palace, is a two-storey building known as ''Diwan Khane'', which was originally meant as a guest house for women and children of the royal family. It is spread over 35 acres, the palace had circular brick pillars, Indian motifs, arches, gothic columns and Madras terrace built with the lime and mortar method. Peacock pattern glass panels on the doors, door handles and engravings with flora and fauna — characteristic of the Mughal style of architecture — were also introduced. The palace had fish-typed door stoppers and floors that were made of lime but resembled tiled flooring. The last two features were unique to the architecture followed by Arni rulers of those times. At present, the palace is in ruins.<br />
<br />
===Maligai nagar===<br />
The second palace, known as ''Maligai Nagar'', was built as a guest house for the rulers. It is a single-storey structure, which had separate loft for pigeons, four chimneys (despite the town experiencing generally hot climate). The palace is constructed in a typical British style. Most of the structure now remains intact but needs immediate conservation. In fact, Mr. Hariharan said, the forest palace was the earliest structure in the region to use steel rafters instead of traditional wooden rafters for its roof. Such steel rafters added strength to the structure.<br />
<br />
===Arni House===<br />
The ''[[Jayamahal Palace Hotel|Arni House]]'' was constructed by Jagirdars of Arni in 1903, which was later bought by Maharaja [[Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV]] and gifted to his nephew [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]] and named it as The [[Jayamahal Palace Hotel|Jayamahal Palace]]. In 1949 [[Maharaja of Mysore]] Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar sold the palace to [[Gondal State|Maharaja of Gondal]]. The Jayamahal Palace was spread across 24 acres in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/palace-where-maharaja-jc-wadiyar-dreamed-of-becoming-a-musician/articleshow/52983699.cms|title=Palace where Maharaja JC Wadiyar dreamed of becoming a musician|author=Divya Shekher|accessdate=30 June 2016|publisher= The Economic Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
*The [[Sultanate of Bijapur]] conferred upon Vedaji Baskar Pant the title of ''Rao Sahib'', which subsequently replaced the surname ''Pant'' of the ruling family.<ref>{{cite book|title=Feature Writing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buROw5DD6wsC|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd|page=139|author=N. Meera Raghavemdra Rao|date = 12 September 2012|isbn = 9788120345799|accessdate=12 September 2012}}</ref><br />
* In 1765, Srinivasa I Rao Sahib the 6th Jagirdar of Arni was granted the title "[[Raja]]". From their onwards the ruling family used the title "[[Raja]]".<br />
<br />
==Rulers of Arni==<br />
[[File:Thirumala IV Rao Sahib, 11th Raja of Arni Princely estate.jpg|thumb|right|Raja Thirumala IV Rao Sahib]] <br />
[[File:Srinivasa IV Rao Sahib, 12th & last Raja of Arni Princely Estate.jpg|thumb|right|Raja [[Srinivasa IV Rao Sahib]], last ruler of Arni in Arni Palace]]<br />
In 1902, when the Jagirdar Raja Srinivasa III Rao Sahib died, Raja Thirumala IV Rao Sahib the next raja was a minor, and the estate was being continued under the management of the Court of Wards by Government's orders. After the death of Raja Thirumala IV Rao Sahib his eldest son [[Srinivasa IV Rao Sahib|Raja Srinivasa IV Rao Sahib]] succeeded, the estate.<br />
<br />
The rulers of the Arni belonged to [[Marathi people|Marathi]]-[[Deshastha Madhva Brahmin]] family<ref>{{cite news|title=Willed by Binny and Parry|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/willed-by-binny-and-parry/article19948375.ece|work=THE HINDU|author=S. Muthaiah|accessdate=30 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/palace-where-maharaja-jc-wadiyar-dreamed-of-becoming-a-musician/articleshow/52983699.cms|title=Palace where Maharaja JC Wadiyar dreamed of becoming a musician|author=Divya Shekher|accessdate=30 June 2016|publisher= The Economic Times}}</ref> and were devout followers of [[Uttaradi Math]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Who's who in Madras: ... A Pictorial Who's who of Distinguished Personages, Princes, Zemindars and Noblemen in the Madras Presidency, Issue 9|year = 1939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ykHVAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Pearl Press|page=246|quote=Srinivasa, Rao Sahib A., Jagirdar of Arni, North Arcot Dist. e. s. of Tirumal Rao Sahib; b. in 1905. Belongs to the Desastha Madhwa Community. Educ. in Arni Bishop Cotton High School, Bangalore, Newington College and Christian College}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeeRRf0EhnIC|page=606|author=A. Vadivelu| year=1915 |publisher=G.C. Loganadham Publications|quote=All the Jaghirdar Sahibs have been the most favoured among the disciples of the Uttaradi Mutt.}}</ref> They used the titles ''Rao Sahib'' and ''Raja''.<br />
<br />
The rulers of Arni Jagir were:<br />
<br />
* Vedaji Bhaskar Rao Pant – 1640 (founder)<br />
<br />
===Rao Sahib's===<br />
* Koneri Rao Sahib <br />
* Ramachandra Rao Sahib – 1679<br />
* Venkata I Rao Sahib <br />
* Thirumala I Rao Sahib<br />
<br />
===Rajas===<br />
* Raja Srinivasa I Rao Sahib – (1765–1795)<br />
* Raja Thirumala II Rao Sahib – (1795–1823)<br />
* Raja Srinivasa II Rao Sahib – (1823–1853)<br />
* Raja Thirumala III Rao Sahib – (1853–1871)<br />
* Raja Srinivasa III Rao Sahib – (1871–1902)<br />
* Raja Thirumala IV Rao Sahib – (1902–1931)<br />
* [[Srinivasa IV Rao Sahib|Raja Srinivasa IV Rao Sahib]] – (1931–1948) – accession in 1948<ref>{{cite book|title=The Order of the Crest: Tracing the Alumni of Bishop Cotton Boys' School, Bangalore (1865–2015)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGDiBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT81|publisher=Penguin UK|page=81|author=Aditya Sondhi|date = 18 December 2014|isbn = 9789351189053|accessdate=18 December 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Abolition==<br />
The Jagir of Arnee was abolished under sections 41 (1) and 50 (7) of the Madras Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1948 (as a result of the Zamindar Abolition Bill in 1948). The annual revenue of the Jagir at the time of abolition was around 2.5 lakhs.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fort Saint George Gazette|page=1182|quote=Arni was abolished under sections 41 (1) and 50 (7) of the Madras Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1948|year=1964|publisher=Madras State}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Arni jagir}}<br />
<br />
*[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/02324ed5-71a7-4ac4-9d43-74379500a8ae A collection of papers relating to the Arni jagir in the Madras Presidency. Madras: Govt. Press, 1908]<br />
* [http://www.arnijagir.com/tree.htm Genealogy of Arni royal family]<br />
*[http://www.arnijagir.com/History.htm History of the Arni Jagir]<br />
<br />
{{Princely states of the Madras States Agency}}<br />
{{Nobility of the Raj}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Historical regions in India]]<br />
[[Category:Zamindari estates]]<br />
[[Category:Madras Presidency]]<br />
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:1640 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:1638 establishments in India]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pattalam_(2009_film)&diff=460295Pattalam (2009 film)2026-03-06T21:44:06Z<p>Serguty: further correct section for accuracy and updated info for accuracy</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Pattalam (2009).jpg<br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| director = Rohan Krishna<br />
| writer = Rohan Krishna<br /> Sheeba Rohan<br />
| producer = [[N. Subash Chandrabose]]<br />
| starring = [[Nadhiya]]<br />[[Yuthan Balaji]]<br />Arun<br />Hariharan<br />[[Irfan (actor)|Irfan]]<br />[[Deepthi Nambiar]]<br />Vikash Suresh<br />
| cinematography = E. Krishnasamy<br />
| editing = [[G. Sasikumar]]<br />
| music = '''Original songs:'''<br />[[Jassie Gift]]<br />'''Background Score'''<br />[[Sabesh–Murali]]<br />
| studio = [[Thirrupathi Brothers]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|3|27}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Pattalam''''' ({{translation|Crew}}) is a 2009 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[teen drama]] film directed by Rohan Krishna. Produced and distributed by [[Thirrupathi Brothers]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 2009 |title=Lingusamy turns distributor with Pattalam |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/lingusamy-turns-distributor-with-pattalam-news-tamil-kkfspKaccca.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101150623/http://www.sify.com/movies/lingusamy-turns-distributor-with-pattalam-news-tamil-kkfspKaccca.html |archive-date=1 January 2012 |access-date=25 December 2025 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> the film features an ensemble cast including [[Nadhiya]], [[Yuthan Balaji]], Arun, Hariharan, [[Irfan (actor)|Irfan]], [[Deepthi Nambiar]], and Vikash Suresh. The music was composed by [[Jassie Gift]]. The film was released on 27 March 2009.<br />
<br />
The film is about a school correspondent and psychiatrist who is very close to eight school going youngsters who are having a blast enjoying their teenage years without any commitments to burden them.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
The film is about two groups of four adolescents in Holy Bells School, who are pitted against each other. Their encounters make up the first part.<br />
<br />
Daisy is the correspondent of the school. A psychologist too, she manages a mental asylum. She believes that students in her school can be disciplined only through love and no hard punishments will reform them. At first, two groups of students who are rivals are always seen fighting with each other. At an athletic competition, due to their enmity, they come last of all. At this time, a former professor of the school who was dismissed from the school due to his harsh punishments, taunts Daisy, saying that only harsh punishments and scolding can make students disciplined. Seeing the taunts that Daisy is hearing due to them, the two rivals join together to make Daisy and the school proud of them.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, Sakkarai (Arun) is secretly loving Sophia (Deepthi Nambiar), who is new to their school. She stays with him in Daisy's asylum. Meanwhile, Karthi ([[Irfan (actor)|Irfan]]), who is one of the members of the rival gang, loses his father, due to which his mother deserts him. Therefore, he too joins Sakkarai and Sophia in the asylum. Karthi sees his dead sister in Sophia, and so he is very friendly with her. Thinking that Karthi and Sophia are in love each other, Sakkarai plans to kill Karthi by making a church bell fall on him. However, after knowing the truth, Sakkarai rushes to save Karthi, but his friend Jerry comes under the bell and dies. The incident makes Sakkarai mentally unfit. The film ends with Sakkarai hallucinating Jerry's presence.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Nadhiya]] as Daisy<br />
* [[Yuthan Balaji]] as Jerry<br />
* Arun as Sakkarai<br />
* Hariharan as Jagan<br />
* [[Irfan (actor)|Irfan]] as Karthi<br />
* [[Deepthi Nambiar]] as Sophia<br />
* Vikash Suresh as Nuttu<br />
* Sathya as Guru<br />
* Guru as Jilakhi<br />
* Vignesh as Jilakhi's brother<br />
* [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Jilakhi's father<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
Pattalam is the second film produced by [[Thirrupathi Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2008 |title=Pattalam- Lingusamy's brave move |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pattalam-lingusamy-s-brave-move-news-tamil-kkftzadjcjc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101150717/http://www.sify.com/movies/pattalam-lingusamy-s-brave-move-news-tamil-kkftzadjcjc.html |archive-date=1 January 2012 |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Initially, the film had a father character in the lead. [[Jayaram]] was supposed to do the character but could not allocate dates; [[N. Subash Chandrabose]] suggested that the character be changed to a female teacher, and [[Nadhiya]] was cast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2009 |title='I had written the script with a man in mind' |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/25sd3-directing-nadia-in-pattalam.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219105914/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/25sd3-directing-nadia-in-pattalam.htm |archive-date=19 February 2023 |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Nadhiya's voice was dubbed by [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadiya in Pattalam |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nadiya-in-pattalam-imagegallery-5-movies-jdxnqpfgifbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513085435/http://www.sify.com/movies/nadiya-in-pattalam-imagegallery-5-movies-jdxnqpfgifbsi.html |archive-date=13 May 2019 |access-date=13 May 2019 |website=[[Sify]] |page=6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 2009 |title=Rohini dubs for Nadiya! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rohini-dubs-for-nadiya-news-tamil-kkfsncabgic.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101150649/http://www.sify.com/movies/rohini-dubs-for-nadiya-news-tamil-kkfsncabgic.html |archive-date=1 January 2012 |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The songs were composed by [[Jassie Gift]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pattalam Tamil Audio cd |url=https://banumass.com/product/tamil-audio-cds/tamil-audio-cd-tamil-audio-cd/pattalam-tamil-audio-cd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102122620/https://banumass.com/product/tamil-audio-cds/tamil-audio-cd-tamil-audio-cd/pattalam-tamil-audio-cd/ |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=2 January 2025 |website=Banumass |language=en}}</ref> The audio launch was held on 3 December 2008 at [[Sathyam Cinemas]], [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2008 |title=Pattalam audio launched |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pattalam-audio-launched-news-tamil-kkfsAuadgcb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101150813/http://www.sify.com/movies/pattalam-audio-launched-news-tamil-kkfsAuadgcb.html |archive-date=1 January 2012 |access-date=25 December 2025 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| title1 = Disaiyettum<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Yugabharathi]]<br />
| extra1 = Jassie Gift, Najeem<br />
| length1 = <br />
| title2 = Ennil Nooru Maatram<br />
| lyrics2 = Yugabharathi<br />
| extra2 = Shalini Singh, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]<br />
| length2 = <br />
| title3 = Panivizhum Kaalama<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Na. Muthukumar]]<br />
| extra3 = Hesham, Sayanora, William Issac, Sajin<br />
| length3 = <br />
| title4 = Engo Piranthom<br />
| lyrics4 = Yugabharathi<br />
| extra4 = Arun Gopan, Shanmon, Thushara, Anu Praveen<br />
| length4 = <br />
| title5 = Oru Naal<br />
| lyrics5 = Yugabharathi<br />
| extra5 = Arun Gopan, Shamon, Thushara<br />
| length5 = <br />
| title6 = Iskabararara<br />
| lyrics6 = Nellai Bharathy<br />
| extra6 = Diyarohan, Jassie Gift<br />
| length6 = <br />
| total_length = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Pavithra Srinivasan from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "''Pattalam'' does give you a brief, 'in the school' feeling; pity that it's so short-lived".<ref>{{cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=27 March 2009 |title=Pattalam satisfies only briefly |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/pattalam-satisfies-only-briefly/20090327.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501114845/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/pattalam-satisfies-only-briefly/20090327.htm |archive-date=1 May 2022 |access-date=1 May 2022 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "Debutant director Rohan Krishna's back to school ''Pattalam'' with tag line 'relieve your school memories', is a clean movie that follows the classic ''[[Panneer Pushpangal|Paneer Pushpangal]]'' format".<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2009 |title=Pattalam |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/pattalam-review-tamil-pclxaxcbhjjce.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116100508/https://www.sify.com/movies/pattalam-review-tamil-pclxaxcbhjjce.html |archive-date=16 January 2022 |access-date=1 May 2022 |work=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Bhama Devi Ravi from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "This one is for the younger generation and is typical Kollywood fare".<ref>{{cite news |last=Ravi |first=Bhama Devi |date=28 March 2009 |title=Pattalam Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pattalam/movie-review/4327065.cms |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212154726/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pattalam/movie-review/4327065.cms |archive-date=12 December 2024 |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> A critic from ''Chennai Online'' wrote that "The movie could have been a more enjoyable fare had Rohan avoided the cliches".<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2009 |title=Pattalam |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/Mar09/06Pattalam.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822232609/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/Mar09/06Pattalam.aspx |archive-date=22 August 2009 |access-date=2 January 2025 |website=Chennai Online |language=en}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "It needs guts to make a neat film for teenagers with a female protagonist, and no romantic overtures thrust in. [''Pattalam''] has weaknesses but its strengths make an impression".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=3 April 2009 |title=A gregarious gang -- Pattaalam |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/04/03/stories/2009040350540200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325074046/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/04/03/stories/2009040350540200.htm |archive-date=25 March 2010 |access-date=6 March 2026 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
{{N. Linguswamy}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2000s coming-of-age drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2000s teen drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Sabesh–Murali]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in schools]]<br />
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian teen drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annavin_Aasai&diff=486828Annavin Aasai2026-03-04T05:12:06Z<p>Serguty: Adding a stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1966 film by Dada Mirasi}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Annavin Aasai.JPG<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = Dada Mirasi<br />
| screenplay = S. I. Peruman<br />
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Chand Aur Suraj]]''|[[Dulal Guha]]}}<br />
| producer = [[K. Balaji|Balaji]]<br />
| starring = {{ubl | [[Gemini Ganesan]] | [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] | Balaji | [[K. R. Vijaya|Vijaya]]}}<br />
| cinematography = [[Kamal Ghosh]]<br />
| editing = B. Kandasamy<br />
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]<br />
| studio = Sujatha Cine Arts<br />
| distributor = [[Gemini Studios]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1966|3|4}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
'''''Annavin Aasai''''' ({{translation|The elder brother's wish}}) is a 1966 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime drama film]] directed by Dada Mirasi and produced by [[K. Balaji|Balaji]]. A remake of the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Chand Aur Suraj]]'' (1965), it stars [[Gemini Ganesan]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], Balaji and [[K. R. Vijaya|Vijaya]]. In the film, after a man's [[faked death]], the lives of his family members change drastically when they receive money from an insurance company [[Insurance fraud|he cheated]].<br />
<br />
''Annavin Aasai'' is the first film produced by Balaji's Sujatha Cine Arts. Its screenplay was written by S. I. Peruman, the cinematography was handled by [[Kamal Ghosh]], and the editing by B. Kandasamy. The film was released on 4 March 1966 and was a modest commercial success.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Ramanathan and Seetha, a married couple, face difficulties after the former loses his job. Ramanathan wants to help his younger brother Ravi to pursue [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]], and to fund his education, he takes an [[insurance policy]] for {{INRConvert|100000|year=1966}}. Ramanathan then [[Faked death|fakes his death]] by using a mutilated man's corpse near a railway line, and is legally declared dead. Seetha, who is traumatised by her husband's "death", tells Ravi to pursue his education using the insurance money she receives.<br />
<br />
Ravi eventually becomes disinterested in his education. Using the insurance money, he takes to [[betting on horse racing]] and becomes rich. He falls in love with Vijaya, the daughter of a wealthy businessman. Mohan, a family friend and lawyer, discovers that Ramanathan is still alive and shares this information with Seetha, but she chooses to keep it a secret. Ravi misunderstands Mohan's night-time visits; assuming that Seetha is having an affair with Mohan, he begins to taunt her.<br />
<br />
Seetha later arranges Ravi's marriage with Vijaya, whose father commits suicide after having been cheated by an [[insurance fraud]]. Ravi, still unaware that Ramanathan is alive, believes he is responsible for his brother's "death", surrenders to the police and is taken to court before a judge. During Ravi's trial, Mohan asserts that Ramanathan is not dead and Ravi pleaded guilty to murdering someone who is still alive. Soon after, Ramanathan appears and tells the court the truth. Ravi is exonerated, while Ramanathan receives three years' imprisonment for committing insurance fraud.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Col-begin|width=75%}}<br />
{{col-break|width=10%}}<br />
;Male cast<ref name="songbook" /><br />
* [[Gemini Ganesan]] as Ramanathan<br />
* [[K. Balaji|Balaji]] as Ravi<br />
* [[Nagesh]]<br />
* [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] as Mohan<br />
* [[K. Sarangapani|Sarangapani]] as Vijaya's father<br />
* [[Ashok Kumar]] as the judge<br />
{{col-break|width=25%}}<br />
;Female cast<ref name="songbook" /><br />
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Seetha<br />
* [[K. R. Vijaya|Vijaya]] as Vijaya<br />
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]<br />
* Baby Shakila as Seetha's daughter<br />
* Devi Chandrika<br />
* Madhumati<br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
''Annavin Aasai'' was a remake of the [[Dulal Guha]]-directed [[Hindi]] film ''[[Chand Aur Suraj]]'' (1965),<ref name="Sport & Pastime" /> and was the first production of [[K. Balaji]]'s company Sujatha Cine Arts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 April 2012 |title=சுரேஷ் பாலாஜி நேர்முகம்! |language=ta |trans-title=Suresh Balaje interview! |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/hindi-news/7120/cinema/Bollywood/Interview-with-Suresh-Balaji.htm |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190323034927/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/hindi-news/7120/cinema/Bollywood/Interview-with-Suresh-Balaji.htm |archive-date=23 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=ஜெமினி |date=17 November 2017 |title=ரசிகர்களின் நண்பர்! |language=ta |trans-title=The friend of all fans! |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/107157-.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119041301/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/107157-.html |archive-date=19 November 2019}}</ref> Dada Mirasi directed the film while the screenplay was written by S. I. Peruman.<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> Besides producing the film, Balaji also acted as Ravi, the younger brother of [[Gemini Ganesan]]'s character Ramanathan.<ref name="BFTP" /> [[Ashok Kumar]], the lead actor of the original,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=23 September 2020 |title=Best Tanuja Movies |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/best-tanuja-movies-43747.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020001946/https://www.filmfare.com/features/best-tanuja-movies-43747.html |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> made a cameo appearance as the judge presiding over Ravi's trial,<ref name="BFTP" /> making his first appearance in a Tamil film.{{sfn|சிவரஞ்சன்|2001|p=87}} Cinematography was handled by [[Kamal Ghosh]],<ref name="BFTP" /> editing by B. Kandasamy,<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Annavin Aasai |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sujatha Cine Arts |year=1966 |time=2:17 |time-caption=Opening credits, at}}</ref> and the final length of the film was {{convert|4761|metres|feet}}.<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=7 May 1966 |title=Annavin Aasai (Tamil) (35&nbsp;mm) |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.1966-05-07.76733/page/n15/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240401124641/https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.1966-05-07.76733/page/n15/mode/2up |archive-date=1 April 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |magazine=[[The Gazette of India]] |page=328 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The soundtrack was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]] and [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref name="songbook" /><br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Kovililae Veedu Katti<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Kannadasan]]<br />
| extra1 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[A. L. Raghavan]], [[P. Susheela]]<br />
| length1 = <br />
| title2 = Pooppol Malara Mottu Vaiththan<br />
| lyrics2 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br />
| extra2 = P. Susheela<br />
| length2 = <br />
| title3 = Paateluthattum Paruvam<br />
| lyrics3 = Vaali<br />
| extra3 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]], P. Susheela<br />
| length3 = <br />
| title4 = Inbamenbathu<br />
| lyrics4 = Kannadasan<br />
| extra4 = T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela<br />
| length4 = <br />
| title5 = Thunbam Enpathu Enna<br />
| lyrics5 = Kannadasan<br />
| extra5 = P. Susheela<br />
| length5 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
''Annavin Aasai'' was released on 4 March 1966,<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> and distributed by [[Gemini Studios]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 1966 |title=Annavin Asai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19660304&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The following week, on 12 March, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said, "Dynamic performance by all the artistes&nbsp;– [Savitri] particularly&nbsp;– and a couple of good tunes by K. V. Mahadevan attempt to revive our sagging hopes. But they are only partly fulfilled."<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 1966 |title=Hopes partly fulfilled |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19660312&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> T. M. Ramachandran of ''[[Sport and Pastime]]'' said the "treatment by director Dada Mirasi is so pedestrian that the film fails to sustain interest completely." He praised the performances of Ganesan, Savitri, Balaji and Vijaya, but criticised the comedy subplot featuring Nagesh.<ref name="Sport & Pastime" /> ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said the film could be watched for Balaji, Ganesan, Savitri and Vijaya.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=20 March 1966 |title=அண்ணாவின் ஆசை |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1966/mar/20-03-1966/p29.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220801101746/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1966/mar/20-03-1966/p29.jpg |archive-date=1 August 2022 |access-date=26 October 2021 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=29 |language=ta}}</ref> According to historian [[Randor Guy]], it was not a major success but "good enough to boost the morale of [Balaji] to stick to the new role" of a producer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=15 May 2009 |title=A void on the film firmament |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-void-on-the-film-firmament/article15938335.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315104322/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-void-on-the-film-firmament/article15938335.ece |archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references><br />
<br />
<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNZFY5c05LTzhuR1k/view |title=அண்ணாவின் ஆசை |publisher=Sujatha Cine Arts |year=1966 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=16 March 2018 |url-access=subscription}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<ref name="Sport & Pastime">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=2 April 1966 |title=Some Recent Releases |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20950/page/n725/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230203073154/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20950/page/n725/mode/2up |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |page=52 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=20}}</ref><br />
<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1966&nbsp;– அண்ணாவின் ஆசை&nbsp;– சுஜாதா சினி ஆர்ட்ஸ் |trans-title=1966&nbsp;– Annavin Aasai&nbsp;– Sujatha Cine Arts |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails1.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180312080220/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails1.asp |archive-date=12 March 2018 |access-date=12 March 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref><br />
<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |date=3 October 2015 |title=Annavin Aasai (1966) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/annavin-aasai-1966-tamil-film/article7719684.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180312080507/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/annavin-aasai-1966-tamil-film/article7719684.ece |archive-date=12 March 2018 |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
</references><br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{Cite book |last=சிவரஞ்சன் |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uHlEHAyzYJQC&q=%22%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%22&pg=PP93 |title=சுராவின் சுவையான சினிமா துணுக்குகள் |publisher=Sura Books |year=2001 |isbn=817478246X |language=ta |trans-title=Sura's delicious cinematic snippets}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1966 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1966 crime drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1966 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about brothers]]<br />
[[Category:Films about fraud]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]<br />
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language crime drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prem_Kahani_(1975_film)&diff=458340Prem Kahani (1975 film)2026-03-03T23:40:57Z<p>Serguty: updated formatting also and corrected details per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About||the 1937 film|Prem Kahani (1937 film)|the 2009 film|Prem Kahani (2009 film)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date = November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date = November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Prem Kahani<br />
| image = Prem Kahani (1975).jpg<br />
| caption = Promotional poster<br />
| director = [[Raj Khosla]]<br />
| producer = Lekhraj Khosla<br />Bolu Khosla (Associate Producer) <br />
| writer = Raj Khosla<br />
| starring = [[Shashi Kapoor]]<br />[[Rajesh Khanna]]<br />[[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]]<br />
| music = [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]<br />
| cinematography = Kaka Thakur<br />
| editing = [[Waman Bhonsle]]<br />
| studio = Khosla Enterprises<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|1975|03|07|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 150 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| gross = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--><br />
}}<br />
'''''Prem Kahani''''' ({{lit|Love story}}) is a 1975 Indian Hindi-language film produced by Lekhraj Khosla, and written and directed by [[Raj Khosla]]. It stars [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Rajesh Khanna]] and [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]] in lead roles along with [[Trilok Kapoor]], [[K. N. Singh]] in supporting roles and [[Vinod Khanna]] in guest appearance. The film's music was composed by [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]. The film was one of the highest-grossing Indian films of 1975.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3721 |date=1 March 2018 |title=Sridevi – A Very Rare Female Star |access-date=22 January 2024 |archive-date=18 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118144815/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3721 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Shashi Kapoor]] as SP Dheeraj Kumar<br />
* [[Rajesh Khanna]] as Rajesh Kamleshwar Narayan<br />
* [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]] as Kamini Sinha<br />
* [[Vinod Khanna]] (Guest appearance) as Sher Khan<br />
* [[Trilok Kapoor]] as Brijesh Narayan<br />
* [[K. N. Singh]] as Rai Bahadur Shrikant Sinha<br />
* [[Yunus Parvez]] as Kotwal<br />
* [[Leela Mishra]] as Dheeraj's Aunty<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Rajesh Kamleshwar Narayan ([[Rajesh Khanna]]) is presented as an apolitical poet. He lives with his elder brother Brijesh Narayan ([[Trilok Kapoor]]) who is a freedom fighter, his sister-in-law and his niece Munni. His best friend is Dheeraj Kumar ([[Shashi Kapoor]]) who is an SP working in Ghazipur and the son of a judge.<br />
<br />
Rajesh finishes his M.A. and returns home to his sweetheart Kamini Sinha ([[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]]). Kamini's father Rai Bahadur Shrikant Sinha ([[K. N. Singh]]) works for British government and dislikes Rajesh and his family as they work for Gandhi. Rajesh and Kamini are reluctant to talk about their marriage as Rajesh has no job.<br />
<br />
Brijesh takes part in a demonstration and is shot dead by British officials. Rajesh is shattered by this loss and joins the freedom struggle as a revolutionary. Realising the risks involved he wants Kamini to not have to undergo the cruelties of widowhood. He pretends to have no intention to marry her and that he had used her as a subject for practising his poems.<br />
<br />
He takes part in murders of British officials. The British government wants him alive or dead. His beloved child Munni dies when her mother stuffs her mouth fearing British officials. This is another heartbreak for Rajesh.<br />
<br />
He is wounded by the British and seeks refuge with newly wedded Dheeraj with the help of a [[pathan]] truck driver Sher Khan ([[Vinod Khanna]]). Dheeraj's bride is revealed to be Kamini. Rajesh tries to leave, but Dheeraj stops him. Kamini is hostile to Rajesh. On Dheeraj's insistence they both recite a poem in which Rajesh expresses his sorrow for breaking her heart.<br />
<br />
A constable who wants to become an inspector tortures Sher Khan so that he reveals Rajesh's whereabouts. Dheeraj lies to Rajesh that Sher Khan is safe. Sher Khan then kills himself after saying that Rajesh lives in his heart. Constable doubts that Rajesh stays in Dheeraj's house so he writes in a police file that Rajesh and Kamini love each other. Dheeraj sees the file and doesn't know what to believe.<br />
<br />
Dheeraj gets drunk, meets Rajesh and Kamini and asks them about their feelings. Dheeraj is heartbroken, but saves Rajesh from the police. He accuses Rajesh of romancing his wife. Rajesh points his gun at Dheeraj and says that he wants to kill Dheeraj and marry Kamini, who then shoots Rajesh. Rajesh falls and shows his unloaded pistol. He asks Dheeraj to embrace him. He wishes that Kamini and Dheeraj should live long with happiness and then he dies.<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Song !! Singer<br />
|-<br />
|"Chal Dariya Mein"<br />
|[[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Prem Kahani Mein"<br />
|[[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Phool Ahista Phenko"<br />
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Doston Mein Koi"<br />
|[[Mohammed Rafi]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Nadiya Se Bichhda"<br />
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Prem Hai Kya"<br />
|[[Mohammed Rafi]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Yun To Humne"<br />
|[[Rajesh Khanna]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
It received four stars in the Bollywood guide ''Collections''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=prem+nagar|title=Collections|date=10 July 1991|publisher=Update Video Publication|via=Google Books}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0073569|Prem Kahani}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1975 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian buddy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romance films]]<br />
[[Category:1975 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1975 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Khosla]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]<br />
[[Category:1970s buddy films]]<br />
[[Category:1975 romance films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language romance films]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Jawaharlal Nehru]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kokernag&diff=462057Kokernag2026-03-03T22:48:01Z<p>Serguty: corrected content also to improve readability</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Town in Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kokernag<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| settlement_type = Sub-District and Town<br />
| image_skyline = Kokernag park.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Kokernag Park<br />
| nickname = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|33.584721|N|75.308601|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = Parliamentary<br />
| governing_body = Municipal<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 2000<br />
| population_total = 6,553<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 192202<br />
| registration_plate = JK-03<br />
| website = {{url|anantnag.nic.in}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kokernag''' ({{IPA|ur|koːkərnɑːɡ}} ; {{IPA|ks|kɔkarnaːɡ}}) is a sub-district, town and a [[Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Council)|notified area committee]] in the [[Breng Valley]] (also known as the Golden Crown of Kashmir) of [[Anantnag district]] in the Indian [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. The place is known for its botanical gardens, pristine freshwater springs, and rainbow trout farm. It is 25.3 km from Anantnag District via NH244. It is one of the most popular weekend getaways from the state capital of [[Srinagar]].<ref name="jkofficial">{{cite web|title=Kokernag|url=http://www.jktourism.jk.gov.in/List/ListDetails.aspx?52734E46697354352F5A4453547067576C334D415171474A6B4E6E69363235374E3770546765356D5670513D|publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of J&K |access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The etymology of the word 'Kokernag' ({{Langx|ks|کۄکرناگ}}) is controversial and there are various theories, none of which has any conclusive historical proof. One theory is that the name derives from the two words ''koker'' and ''nag''. ''Koker'' has been taken from a [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] word for chicken, while ''nag'' has been taken from a [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] word for springs. The springs gush out of the base of a thickly wooded hill from where it divides into channels, which resembles the claw-foot of a hen, hence the name.<ref name="jktourism">{{cite web|last=Tourism|first=Jammu and Kashmir|title=Kokernag|url=http://www.jktourism.org/destinations/kashmir/kokernag.html|publisher=J & K Tourism|access-date=5 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219010941/http://jktourism.org/destinations/kashmir/kokernag.html|archive-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> A second theory is that Koker means 'fowl' and nag means 'serpent'. Yet another theory is that the word Kokernag originates from Koh (Mountain) kan (from or under) nag (spring).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KScrDwAAQBAJ&q=kokernag&pg=PT288|title=Who Killed Kasheer?|last=Khan|first=Ruhail|date=2017-07-06|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=9781947283107|language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Kokernag is known also as Breng Kokernag, the name given by poet and scholar Shiekh ul Alam. He said "kokernag breng chu sunsund preng" which means that "Kokernag is crown of gold".{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} Kokernag is also mentioned in Ain Akbari, wherein it has been mentioned that the water of Kokernag satisfies both hunger and thirst and it is also a remedy for indigestion.<ref name="jktourism"/><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Kokernag is at an altitude of approximately 2,000 m above sea level. Towns situated around Kokernag are Wangam, Devalgam, Hangalgund, Nagam, Sagam, Zalengam, Magam, and Soaf Shali. The total area of the Kokernag trout farm is about 400 kanals, of which 129 kanals are for gardens and area.<ref name="jkofficial" /><br />
<br />
===Climate===<br />
{{Weather box<br />
| metric first = Y<br />
| single line = Y<br />
| width = auto<br />
| location = Kokernag (1991–2020, extremes 1978–2020)<br />
| Jan record high C = 17.2<br />
| Feb record high C = 18.4<br />
| Mar record high C = 27.0<br />
| Apr record high C = 28.3<br />
| May record high C = 32.6<br />
| Jun record high C = 34.9<br />
| Jul record high C = 33.0<br />
| Aug record high C = 32.0<br />
| Sep record high C = 31.2<br />
| Oct record high C = 29.4<br />
| Nov record high C = 23.4<br />
| Dec record high C = 19.2<br />
| year record high C = 34.9<br />
| Jan high C = 5.5<br />
| Feb high C = 8.3<br />
| Mar high C = 14.0<br />
| Apr high C = 18.9<br />
| May high C = 23.2<br />
| Jun high C = 26.7<br />
| Jul high C = 27.6<br />
| Aug high C = 27.3<br />
| Sep high C = 25.2<br />
| Oct high C = 21.0<br />
| Nov high C = 13.8<br />
| Dec high C = 8.7<br />
| year high C = 18.3<br />
| Jan low C = -3.2<br />
| Feb low C = -0.7<br />
| Mar low C = 3.1<br />
| Apr low C = 6.7<br />
| May low C = 9.6<br />
| Jun low C = 13.3<br />
| Jul low C = 16.0<br />
| Aug low C = 15.5<br />
| Sep low C = 11.6<br />
| Oct low C = 6.8<br />
| Nov low C = 1.9<br />
| Dec low C = -1.6<br />
| year low C = 6.5<br />
| Jan record low C = -15.3<br />
| Feb record low C = -12.3<br />
| Mar record low C = -6.7<br />
| Apr record low C = -1.0<br />
| May record low C = -0.3<br />
| Jun record low C = 4.2<br />
| Jul record low C = 8.5<br />
| Aug record low C = 9.1<br />
| Sep record low C = 4.4<br />
| Oct record low C = -1.8<br />
| Nov record low C = -5.0<br />
| Dec record low C = -10.5<br />
| year record low C = <br />
| rain colour = green<br />
| Jan rain mm = 99.2<br />
| Feb rain mm = 121.3<br />
| Mar rain mm = 132.4<br />
| Apr rain mm = 121.2<br />
| May rain mm = 104.5<br />
| Jun rain mm = 86.4<br />
| Jul rain mm = 85.0<br />
| Aug rain mm = 96.9<br />
| Sep rain mm = 59.3<br />
| Oct rain mm = 32.7<br />
| Nov rain mm = 41.0<br />
| Dec rain mm = 48.2<br />
| year rain mm = 1028.0<br />
| Jan rain days = 5.7<br />
| Feb rain days = 7.3<br />
| Mar rain days = 8.7<br />
| Apr rain days = 8.7<br />
| May rain days = 8.4<br />
| Jun rain days = 6.3<br />
| Jul rain days = 6.4<br />
| Aug rain days = 7.1<br />
| Sep rain days = 4.5<br />
| Oct rain days = 2.4<br />
| Nov rain days = 2.5<br />
| Dec rain days = 3.4<br />
| year rain days = 71.3<br />
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| Jan humidity = 77<br />
| Feb humidity = 72<br />
| Mar humidity = 62<br />
| Apr humidity = 58<br />
| May humidity = 57<br />
| Jun humidity = 56<br />
| Jul humidity = 65<br />
| Aug humidity = 69<br />
| Sep humidity = 64<br />
| Oct humidity = 60<br />
| Nov humidity = 68<br />
| Dec humidity = 73<br />
| year humidity = 65<br />
| source = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web<br />
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf<br />
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020<br />
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]<br />
| access-date = April 8, 2024<br />
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals><br />
{{cite web<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf<br />
| archive-date = 5 February 2020<br />
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf<br />
| title = Station: Kukernag Climatological Table 1981–2010<br />
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010<br />
| publisher = India Meteorological Department<br />
| date = January 2015<br />
| pages = 439–440<br />
| access-date = 24 March 2020}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
It is known for its trout streams and the largest fresh water spring in Kashmir. The trout hatchery department has constructed pools in series in which trout is reared. The Trout Fish Farming Project Kokernag through [[European Union|European]] Economic Community Assistance was established in 1984 and serves as the mother unit for production of quality [[Rainbow trout|Rainbow Trout]] and [[Brown trout|Brown Trout]]. Under the extension program of this project, 59 trout rearing units/hatcheries have been established in almost all the districts of the state, including [[Leh]] and [[Kargil]]. More new trout rearing units are also coming up. The trout is made readily available to the common man at all the rearing units of the department, including a special sale outlet at Gagribal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jk |first=Fisheries |date=2022-08-12 |title=Trout Fish Farming Project Kokernag |url=http://jkfisheries.in/Kokernag.htm |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=jkfisheries.in}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The state's first rural mart has been set up in Kokernag to promote and market the handicraft products manufactured by the local women [[Self-help group (finance)|self help groups]], by [[NABARD]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jammu-kashmirs-first-rural-mart-set-up-in-kokernag-5069061/|title=Jammu & Kashmir's first rural mart set up in Kokernag|date=2018-02-18|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-04-17|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|thumb = right<br />
|caption = Religion in Kokernag Town (2011)<ref name="Kokernag Town population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/anantnag/kokernag/koker-nag-mc-population.html|title=Kokernag Town Population|work=Census India|accessdate=12 July 2021}}</ref><br />
|label1 = [[Islam]]<br />
|value1 = 86.11<br />
|color1 = Green<br />
|label2 = [[Hinduism]]<br />
|value2 = 13.02<br />
|color2 = DarkOrange<br />
|label3 = [[Christianity]]<br />
|value3 = 0.43<br />
|color3 = Blue<br />
|label4 = [[Sikhism]]<br />
|value4 = 0.32<br />
|color4 = Yellow<br />
|label5 = Not stated<br />
|value5 = 0.12<br />
|color5 = Black<br />
}}<br />
<br />
According to the 2011 India [[census]], Kokernag had a population of 6,553. Males constitute 68% of the population and females constitute 32% of the population. Kokernag has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 77%, female literacy is 33%. In Kokernag, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.<br />
<br />
==Transportation==<br />
===Road===<br />
Kokernag is situated at a distance of about 25 km from [[Anantnag]] on the right side of [[National Highway 244 (India)|NH 244]]. The easiest and most comfortable means of transportation is to hire a [[Tata Sumo|Sumo]] at Anantnag. One can also catch a local bus that is easily available in Anantnag and head towards Kokernag. It takes about one hour to reach Kokernag.<ref name="jkofficial"/><br />
<br />
===Rail===<br />
The nearest railway station is [[Anantnag]] railway station on the 119 km long Kashmir Railway that runs from Baramulla to Banihal. It lies at a distance of 30 km from Kokernag.<br />
<br />
===Air===<br />
The nearest airport is [[Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport|Srinagar International Airport]], located 85 kilometres from Kokernag.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
*[[Anantnag]]<br />
*[[Bijbehara]]<br />
*[[Kishtwar]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Official website|http://anantnag.nic.in/}}<br />
<br />
{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}<br />
{{Kashmir Valley}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Anantnag district]]<br />
[[Category:Anantnag district]]<br />
[[Category:Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kho-Kho_(2021_film)&diff=509770Kho-Kho (2021 film)2026-03-03T09:43:58Z<p>Serguty: started article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2021 sports film by Rahul Riji Nair}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kho-Kho<br />
| image = Kho kho first look poster.jpg<br />
| alt = Kho kho first look poster<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Rahul Riji Nair]]<br />
| producer = First Print Studios<br />
| writer = Rahul Riji Nair<br />
| starring = [[Rajisha Vijayan]]<br />[[Mamitha Baiju]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| music = Sidhartha Pradeep<br />
| cinematography = Tobin Thomas<br />
| editing = Christy Sebastian<br />
| studio = First Print Studios<br />
| distributor = Capital Studioz<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2021|04|14}}<br />
| runtime = 119 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kho-Kho''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[sports drama]] film written and directed by [[Rahul Riji Nair]] starring [[Rajisha Vijayan]], [[Mamitha Baiju]] and produced by First Print Studios.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rajisha to play a kho kho coach in her next film - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rajisha-to-play-a-kho-kho-coach-in-her-next-film/articleshow/77805910.cms|access-date=2020-08-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajisha Vijayan to lead Rahul Riji Nair's sports drama 'Kho Kho'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/aug/29/rajisha-vijayan-to-lead-rahul-riji-nairs-sports-drama-kho-kho-2189582.html|access-date=2020-08-29|website=The New Indian Express|date=29 August 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='ഖൊ ഖൊ' താരമായി രജിഷ വിജയൻ|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2020/08/29/rajisha-vijayan-starrer-new-film-kho-kho-title-poster.html|access-date=2020-08-29|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='ഖൊ ഖൊ' താരമാവാന് രജിഷ വിജയന്; സംവിധാനം രാഹുല് റിജി നായര്|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/rajisha-vijayans-new-movie-is-titled-kho-kho-qfrwwt|access-date=2020-08-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=ml}}</ref> The film was released on 14 April 2021.<br />
<br />
==Plot ==<br />
The story revolves around Maria Francis, a school coach for the traditional South Asian sport [[Kho Kho|kho kho]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajisha Vijayan to lead sports drama Kho Kho|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/aug/28/rajisha-vijayan-to-lead-sports-drama-kho-kho-20001.html|access-date=2020-08-29|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=28 August 2020 }}</ref> The film tells the story of the formation of a team of kho kho players in a school where only girls study and the events that follow. In the end, Maria is proud to learn that Anju, the most promising player of her former kho Kho school team has gotten into the national kho kho team, under Maria's name.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Rajisha Vijayan]] as Maria Francis, a former athlete, [[Physical education|PE]] teacher and school [[Kho kho]] team coach<br />
* [[Mamitha Baiju]] as Anju, school Kho kho team captain <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mamitha-baiju-plays-the-team-captain-in-rajisha-starrer-kho-kho/articleshow/80750243.cms|title=Mamitha Baiju plays the team captain in Rajisha-starrer 'Kho Kho' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=Soman |first1=Deepa }}</ref><br />
* [[Venkitesh V. P.]] as Ben, Maria's husband who is a former athlete and a businessman<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/actor-venkitesh-vp-talks-about-his-latest-release-kho-kho-movie/articleshow/82064004.cms|title='രജിഷയ്ക്കൊപ്പം വീണ്ടും അഭിനയിക്കാനായതിൽ സന്തോഷം'; അണിയറപ്രവർത്തകർക്ക് നന്ദിവാക്കുകളുമായി വെങ്കിടേഷ്!|work=samayam. malayalam|first=Anandha|last=MB|date=14 April 2021|access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref> <br />
* Renjit Shekar Nair as Peon Shivaprasad, manager of the team<br />
* Vettukili Prakash as Francis, Maria's father<br />
* [[Rahul Riji Nair]] as Vinod<br />
* Arjun Ranjan as Sports Official<br />
* Sreejith Babu<br />
* [[Jeo Baby]] as Meenakshi's father (cameo appearance)<br />
* Geethi Sangeetha (cameo appearance)<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
In August 2020, [[Rahul Riji Nair]] announced that the next venture will be a sports movie one which will star [[Rajisha Vijayan]] in the lead role. After the 2019 film ''[[Finals (film)|Finals]]'', Rajisha Vijayan returns with another sports film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=വീണ്ടും കളിക്കളത്തിലിറങ്ങാന് രജീഷ, ഫസ്റ്റ്ലുക്ക് പുറത്ത്|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/rajisha-vijayan-first-look-kho-kho-new-malayalam-sports-movie-rahul-riji-nair-1.5011171|access-date=2020-08-29|website=Mathrubhumi|date=28 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rajisha Vijayan]] played the lead role as a [[Kho Kho]] coach in the movie. [[Mamitha Baiju]] played a supporting role as a [[Kho Kho]] school captain and she won the [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] at [[Kerala Film Critics Award]]. Tobin Thomas is the cinematographer, Sidhartha Pradeep is the music director and Christy Sebastian is the editor.<br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
;[[Kerala Film Critics Award]] 2020<br />
* Best Supporting Actress : [[Mamitha Baiju]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/kerala-film-critics-awards-prithviraj-biju-menon-share-best-actor-award-movie--1.5998393 |title=Kerala Film Critics Award |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913090553/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/kerala-film-critics-awards-prithviraj-biju-menon-share-best-actor-award-movie--1.5998393 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
* Special Jury Award : [[Rahul Riji Nair]]<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name= Kho Kho<br />
|type = soundtrack<br />
|artist = Sidhartha Pradeep<br />
|cover = <br />
|alt = <br />
| released = 24 March 2021<br />
| recorded = 2019–20<br />
| venue = <br />
|studio = <br />
|genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
|length = 27:33<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
|label = 123 Musix<br />
| producer = First Print Studios<br />
| prev_title = [[Ottamuri Velicham]]<br />
| prev_year = 2017<br />
| year = 2021<br />
| next_title = <br />
| next_year = <br />
| misc = {{External media<br />
|audio1 ={{YouTube|14YWfKrQENI|Audio Jukebox}}}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The film's soundtrack album and score was composed by music director Sidhartha Pradeep. The Malayalam lyrics on the album were penned by writers [[Rahul Riji Nair]], Arjun Ranjan and [[Vinayak Sasikumar]], and the English rap lyrics by Aditi Nair R. The album was launched on 24 March 2021 by 123 Musix.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/mar/27/rap-kid-next-door-2282035.html|title=Rap Kid next door|website=The New Indian Express|date=27 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/check-out-latest-malayalam-songs-audio-jukebox-from-movie-kho-kho/videoshow/81774816.cms|title=Check Out Latest Malayalam Songs Audio Jukebox From Movie 'Kho Kho' &#124; Malayalam Video Songs - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/kho-kho-song-ninave-vaa/videoshow/82118678.cms|title=Kho Kho &#124; Song - Ninave Vaa &#124; Malayalam Video Songs - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/kho-kho-song-venal-pathayil/videoshow/81588927.cms|title=Kho Kho &#124; Song - Venal Pathayil &#124; Malayalam Video Songs - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/kho-kho-song-kho-kho-theevandi/videoshow/81481000.cms|title=Kho Kho &#124; Song - Kho Kho Theevandi &#124; Malayalam Video Songs - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = List of songs<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 27:34<br />
| all_music =<br />
| title1 = Theeram Thane Unarum<br />
| extra1 =Nandagopan V<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Rahul Riji Nair]]<br />
| length1 = 2:15<br />
| title2 = Kaalam Varum Nin<br />
| extra2 = Bindu Anirudhan<br />
| length2 = <br />
| lyrics2 = Arjun Ranjan<br />
| title3 = Ninave Vaa<br />
| extra3 = Amritha Jayakumar<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]<br />
| length3 = <br />
| title4 = Rise theme<br />
| extra4 = Aditi Nair R<br />
| length4 = <br />
| lyrics4 = Aditi Nair R<br />
| title5 = Bayathe Karuthal Porutham<br />
| extra5 = Bharath Rajesh<br />
| length5 = <br />
| lyrics5 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]<br />
| title6 = Nin Neram Vanne<br />
| extra6 = Jazz Rathore<br />
| length6 = <br />
| lyrics6 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]<br />
| title7 = Smack with the Kho<br />
| extra7 = Aditi Nair R, Nithin Raj<br />
| length7 = <br />
| lyrics7 = Aditi Nair R, Sidhartha Pradeep<br />
| title8 = Boom boom bam<br />
| extra8 = Aditi Nair R<br />
| length8 =<br />
| lyrics8 = Aditi Nair R<br />
| title9 = Did She Catch Me<br />
| extra9 = Aditi Nair R<br />
| length9 =<br />
| lyrics9 = Aditi Nair R<br />
| title10 = Betterness<br />
| extra10 = Aditi Nair R<br />
| length10=<br />
| lyrics10= Aditi Nair R<br />
| title11 = Kho Kho Theevandi<br />
| extra11 = Souparnika Rajagopal, Aparna Sathyan<br />
| length11 =<br />
| lyrics11 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]<br />
| title12 = Venal Paathiyil<br />
| extra12 = Nandagopan V<br />
| length12 =<br />
| lyrics12 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
<br />
=== Theatrical ===<br />
The film was released on {{Date|Apr 14, 2021|DMY}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rajisha-vijayan-s-kho-kho-to-hit-theatres-on-april-14-movie-1.5564878|title=Rajisha Vijayan's 'Kho Kho' to hit theatres on April 14|website=Mathrubhumi|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=2 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402085717/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rajisha-vijayan-s-kho-kho-to-hit-theatres-on-april-14-movie-1.5564878|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 20 April, the film was withdrawn from the theatres due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19]] crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rajisha-vijayan-s-kho-kho-screening-stopped-due-to-covid-crisis-1.5605721|title=Rajisha Vijayan's 'Kho Kho' screening stopped due to COVID crisis|website=Mathrubhumi|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422010540/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rajisha-vijayan-s-kho-kho-screening-stopped-due-to-covid-crisis-1.5605721|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rajisha Vijayan's 'Kho Kho' screening stopped due to COVID crisis |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rajisha-vijayan-s-kho-kho-screening-stopped-due-to-covid-crisis-1.5605721 |work=Mathrubhumi |language=en |access-date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422010540/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rajisha-vijayan-s-kho-kho-screening-stopped-due-to-covid-crisis-1.5605721 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Home media ===<br />
The film was digitally streamed on [[Amazon Prime Video]]. It is also available in [[Hindi]] & [[Marathi language]] dubbed versions currently streaming on [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Play]] & [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Jhakaas]] app respectively.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
<br />
=== Critical reception ===<br />
Sujit Chandrakumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' described ''Kho Kho'' as "an inspirational sports drama."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/kho-kho/movie-review/82089626.cms|title = Kho Kho Movie Review: An inspirational sports drama|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Writing for ''[[Cinema Express]]'', Sajin Shrijith lauded the film as a predictable but empowering sports drama. "The film doesn't bring anything new to the table in terms of storytelling. But at the same time, one wonders how many new ways can one narrate a sports drama, especially when motivation is its primary intention". He rated it as a film worth watching.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/apr/16/kho-kho-movie-review-a-predictablebut-empoweringsports-drama-2290437.html|title=Kho Kho Movie Review: A predictable but empowering sports drama|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 April 2021 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In a review for ''[[Firstpost]]'', Anna MM Vetticad wrote, "''Kho Kho'' stumbles intermittently when it gets too didactic or veers away from its slice-of-life narrative style. Nonetheless, it achieves a charming overall sweetness and positivity."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kho-kho-movie-review-rajisha-vijayan-strikes-a-chord-in-an-uneven-but-pleasant-sports-drama-9530531.html|title=Kho Kho movie review: Rajisha Vijayan strikes a chord in an uneven but pleasant sports drama|date=15 April 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|12988122}}<br />
* {{Facebook|khokhomalayalammovie}}<br />
* ''[https://www.ultraplay.in/movie/kho-kho/ferhqcjlbl8k Kho-Kho (Hindi)]'' at [[Ultra_Media_%26_Entertainment |Ultra Play]]<br />
* ''[https://www.ultrajhakaas.com/movie/kho-kho/pebg0twtjdad Kho-Kho (Marathi)]'' at [[Ultra_Media_%26_Entertainment |Ultra Jhakaas]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:2021 films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s sports drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 sports films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thambi_Durai&diff=445214Thambi Durai2026-03-03T04:48:23Z<p>Serguty: content update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1997 Indian Tamil film by Senthilnathan}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Thambi Durai<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Senthilnathan]]<br />
| producer = K. Santhamani<br />
| writer = Senthilnathan,<br/>Gajendra Kumar (dialogues)<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| starring = [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]<br />[[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]<br />[[M. N. Nambiar]]<br />
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
| cinematography = Ja. Raja<br />
| editing = J. Ilango<br />
| studio = Sree Maariamman Films<br />
| distributor = Sree Maariamman Films<br />
| released = {{Film date|1997|12|5|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Thambi Durai''''' is a 1997 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]], written and directed by [[Senthilnathan]]. The film stars [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] and [[M. N. Nambiar]]. It was completed in 1994 but was released on 5 December 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thambi Durai / தம்பி துரை |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/thambi-durai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205070718/https://screen4screen.com/movies/thambi-durai |archive-date=5 December 2023 |access-date=11 January 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=thambi thurai ( 1997 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/films/cast/newfilmdb/thambi%20thurai.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050121215912/http://www.cinesouth.com/films/cast/newfilmdb/thambi%20thurai.html |archive-date=21 January 2005 |access-date=11 January 2024 |work=Cinesouth}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
The film starts with narration that the film is based on real event that happened at Irukkangudi. Thambidurai (Saravanan) who stays with his grandfather (MN Nambiar) is a poor boatman and falls in love with a rich girl Shenbagam (Sukanya) who is tortured by her rich stepmother (Manjula Vijayakumar). Thambidurai and Shenbagam elope and get married.<br />
<br />
Shenbagam's uncle (Nalinikanth) who wants to marry her, plots with a womanising landlord (Senthilnathan) to separate them. They murder Thambidurai's grandfather and Shenbagam's grandmother. They approach a sorcerer ([[Bayilvan Ranganathan]]) who indulges in black magic. The Sorcerer with his magic makes Thambidurai almost dead. Thambidurai is presumed to be dead, but is taken care of by a priest (Shanmugasundaram). Shenbagam is forced to dress up as a widow. Landlord also murders Shenbagam's sister (Mounika) and his own wife by setting up a bomb in tiffin box.<br />
<br />
In the climax, by the blessings of goddess, landlord dies by suffering from fits. Thambidurai survives the magic and Nalinikanth gets killed by Manjula.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
*[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] as Thambidurai<br />
*[[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] as Shenbagam<br />
*[[M. N. Nambiar]]<br />
*[[Vadivukkarasi]]<br />
*[[Mounika (actress)|Mounika]]<br />
*[[Manjula Vijayakumar]]<br />
*[[Nalinikanth]]<br />
*[[Senthilnathan]]<br />
*[[Chinni Jayanth]]<br />
*[[K. Natraj]]<br />
*[[Bayilvan Ranganathan]]<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 1997 |title=Thambi Durai |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/thambi-durai/o4ZA6bUm7mw_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111043347/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/thambi-durai/o4ZA6bUm7mw_ |archive-date=11 January 2024 |access-date=11 January 2024 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length<br />
|-<br />
| "Aathu Mettula" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || [[Piraisoodan]] || 04:55<br />
|-<br />
| "Ezhaigalin" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || rowspan=5|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 04:43<br />
|-<br />
| "Kanyakumaree Neeye" || Arunmozhi || 05:01<br />
|-<br />
| "Maama" || Mano, [[S. Janaki]] || 04:58<br />
|-<br />
| "Unnai Nambi" || S. Janaki || 05:36<br />
|-<br />
| "Vidhiyaa Vidhavayaa" || Malaysia Vasudevan || 05:06<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title|id=0318120}}<br />
<br />
{{Senthilnathan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1997 action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Senthilnathan]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1990s-Tamil-film-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alder&diff=475608Alder2026-03-02T05:47:46Z<p>Serguty: added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the birch family Betulaceae}}<br />
{{Other uses}}<br />
{{Distinguish|text= the unrelated plants [[witch alder]], [[dwarf alder]], and [[Elder (disambiguation)#Plants|elder]]}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{Automatic taxobox<br />
| oldest_fossil = Paleocene<br />
| image = 20120904Alnus glutinosa01.jpg<br />
| image_caption = Common alder (''[[Alnus glutinosa]]'') <br />
| display_parents = 3<br />
| taxon = Alnus<br />
| authority = [[Philip Miller|Mill.]]<br />
| type_species = ''[[Alnus glutinosa]]''<br />
| type_species_authority = (L.) Gaertn.<br />
| range_map = Alnus distribution.svg<br />
| range_map_caption = <br />
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="KewChecklist">{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=6245|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|website=apps.kew.org}}</ref><br />
| synonyms =<br />
{{collapsible list|bullets = true<br />
|title=Genus synonyms<br />
|''Betula-alnus'' {{small|Marshall}}<br />
|''Duschekia'' {{small|Opiz}}<br />
|''Alnaster'' {{small|Spach}}<br />
|''Clethropsis'' {{small|Spach}}<br />
|''Semidopsis'' {{small|Zumagl.}}<br />
|''Alnobetula'' {{small|(W.D.J.Koch) Schur.}}<br />
|''Cremastogyne'' {{small|(H.J.P.Winkl.) Czerep.}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Alder catkins - 1 (2222383479).jpg|thumb|right|Female alder catkins after shedding their seeds]]<br />
[[File:Alnus_serrulata.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Alnus serrulata]]'' male catkins]]<br />
<br />
'''Alders''' are [[tree]]s of the genus '''''Alnus''''' in the birch family [[Betulaceae]]. The genus includes about 35 species<ref name="Arno-2020">{{Cite book |last1=Arno |first1=Stephen F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDD4DwAAQBAJ |title=Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees |last2=Hammerly |first2=Ramona P. |publisher=[[Mountaineers Books]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-68051-329-5 |edition=field guide |location=Seattle |pages=208–215 |language=en |oclc=1141235469 |orig-date=1977}}</ref> of [[monoecious]] trees and [[shrub]]s, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the [[Temperate climate|north temperate zone]] with a few species extending into [[Central America]], as well as the northern and southern [[Andes]].<ref name="KewChecklist"/><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
[[File:LUT SEM Alder pollen 3kx.jpg|thumb|right|Pollen]]<br />
<br />
With a few exceptions, alders are [[deciduous]], and the leaves are alternate, simple, and [[serration|serrated]]. The [[flower]]s are [[catkin]]s with elongate male catkins on the same plant as shorter female catkins, often before leaves appear; they are mainly [[wind-pollinated]], but also visited by bees to a small extent. These trees differ from the [[birch]]es (''Betula'', another genus in the family) in that the female catkins are woody and do not disintegrate at maturity, opening to release the seeds in a similar manner to many [[conifer cone]]s.<br />
<br />
The largest species are [[red alder]] (''A. rubra'') on the west coast of North America, and [[Alnus glutinosa|black alder]] (''A. glutinosa''), [[Native species|native]] to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over {{convert|30|m|ft|-1}}. By contrast, the widespread ''[[Alnus alnobetula]]'' (green alder) is rarely more than a {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on|adj=mid|-tall}} shrub.<br />
<br />
==Phylogeny==<br />
<br />
=== Classification ===<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| image1 = Youngbullantlers.JPG<br />
| caption1 = A young bull moose [[Browsing (herbivory)|browsing]] on ''Alnus'' in [[Homer, Alaska]] in 2010<br />
| image2 = Big alders.jpg<br />
| caption2 = The same spot from the same angle in 2021, the plants are now about {{convert|12-15|feet|order=flip}} in height<br />
| footer_background = <br />
| footer_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --><br />
| footer = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The genus is divided into three subgenera:<br />
<br />
==== Subgenus ''Alnus'' ====<br />
[[File:Alnus incana rugosa leaves.jpg|right|thumb|Speckled alder (''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''rugosa'')—leaves]]<br />
[[File:Alnus serrulata leaves.jpg|right|thumb|Leaves of the tag alder]]<br />
<br />
Trees with stalked shoot buds, male and female catkins produced in autumn (fall) but stay closed over winter, pollinating in late winter or early spring, about 15–25 species, including:<br />
<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus acuminata]]'' {{small|Kunth}} <br />
** subsp. ''acuminata'' {{small|Kunth}}<br />
** subsp. ''arguta'' {{small|(Schltdl.) Furlow}}<br />
** subsp. ''glabrata'' {{small|(Fernald) Furlow}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus cordata]]'' {{small|(Loisel.) Duby}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus cremastogyne]]'' {{small|Burkill}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus firma]]'' {{small|Siebold & Zucc.}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus glutinosa]]'' {{small|(L.) Gaertn.}} <br />
** subsp. ''barbata'' {{small|(C.A.Mey.) Yalt.}}<br />
** subsp. ''glutinosa'' {{small|(L.) Gaertn.}}<br />
** subsp. ''incisa'' {{small|(Willd.) Regel}}<br />
** subsp. ''laciniata'' {{small|(Willd.) Regel}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus hirsuta]]'' {{small|(Spach) Rupr.}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus incana]]'' {{small|(L.) Moench}}<br />
** subsp. ''incana'' {{small|(L.) Moench}}<br />
** subsp. ''kolaensis'' {{small|(Orlova) Á.Löve & D.Löve}}<br />
** subsp. ''rugosa'' {{small|(Du Roi) R.T.Clausen}}<br />
** subsp. ''tenuifolia'' {{small|(Nutt.) Breitung}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus japonica]]'' {{small|(Thunb.) Steud.}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus jorullensis]]'' {{small|Kunth}} <br />
** subsp. ''lutea'' {{small|Furlow}} <br />
** subsp. ''jorullensis'' {{small|Kunth}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus lusitanica]]'' {{small|Vít, Douda, & Mandák}}<ref name="Vít-2017">{{cite journal |last1=Vít |first1=Petr |last2=Douda |first2=Jan |last3=Krak |first3=Karol |last4=Havrdová |first4=Alena |last5=Mandák |first5=Bohumil |year=2017 |title=Two new polyploid species closely related to ''Alnus glutinosa'' in Europe and North Africa – an analysis based on morphometry, karyology, flow cytometry and microsatellites |journal=Taxon |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=567–583 |doi=10.12705/663.4 |bibcode=2017Taxon..66..567V |hdl=11104/0278345 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><br />
* ''[[Alnus matsumurae]]'' {{small|Callier}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus nepalensis]]'' {{small|D.Don}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus oblongifolia]]'' {{small|Torr.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus orientalis]]'' {{small|Decne.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus rhombifolia]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus rohlenae]]'' {{small|Vít, Douda, & Mandák}}<ref name="Vít-2017" /><br />
* ''[[Alnus rubra]]'' {{small|Bong.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus serrulata]]'' {{small|(Aiton) Willd.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus subcordata]]'' {{small|C.A.Mey.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus tenuifolia]]'' {{small|Nutt.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus trabeculosa]]'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}}<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
==== Subgenus ''Clethropsis'' ====<br />
Trees or shrubs with stalked shoot buds, male and female catkins produced in autumn (fall) and expanding and pollinating then, three species:<br />
<br />
* ''[[Alnus formosana]]'' {{small|(Burkill) Makino}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus maritima]]'' {{small|(Marshall) Muhl. ex Nutt.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus nitida]]'' {{small|(Spach) Endl.}}<br />
<br />
==== Subgenus ''Alnobetula'' ====<br />
[[File:Alnus-viridis-leaves.JPG|right|thumb|Green alder (''Alnus viridis'')]]<br />
<br />
Shrubs with shoot buds not stalked, male and female catkins produced in late spring (after leaves appear) and expanding and pollinating then, one to four species:<br />
<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus alnobetula]]'' {{small|(Ehrh.) K.Koch}} (synonym-''Alnus viridis'')<br />
** subsp. ''alnobetula'' {{small|(Ehrh.) K.Koch}}<br />
** subsp. ''crispa'' {{small|(Aiton) Raus}}<br />
** subsp. ''fruticosa'' {{small|(Rupr.) Raus}}<br />
** subsp. ''sinuata'' {{small|(Regel) Raus}}<br />
** subsp. ''suaveolens'' {{small|(Req.) Lambinon & Kerguélen}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus firma]]'' {{small|Siebold & Zucc.}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus mandshurica]]'' {{small|(Callier) Hand.-Mazz.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus maximowiczii]]'' {{small|Callier}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus pendula]]'' {{small| Matsum.}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus sieboldiana]]'' {{small| Matsum.}} <br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==== Not assigned to a subgenus ====<br />
{{div col}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus fauriei]]'' {{small|H.Lév. & Vaniot}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii]]'' {{small|C.K.Schneid.}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus glutipes]]'' {{small|(Jarm. ex Czerpek) Vorosch.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus hakkodensis]]'' {{small|Hayashi}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus henryi]]'' {{small|C.K.Schneid.}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus lanata]]'' {{small|Duthie ex Bean}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus mairei]]'' {{small|H.Lév.}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus paniculata]]'' {{small|Nakai}} <br />
* ''[[Alnus serrulatoides]]'' {{small|Callier}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus vermicularis]]'' {{small|Nakai}}<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==== Species names with uncertain taxonomic status ====<br />
The status of the following species is unresolved:{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}<br />
<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=300px}}<br />
* ''Alnus balatonialis'' {{small|Borbás}}<br />
* ''Alnus cuneata'' {{small|Geyer ex Walp.}}<br />
* ''Alnus dimitrovii'' {{small|Jordanov & Kitanov}}<br />
* ''Alnus djavanshirii'' {{small|H.Zare}} – Iran<br />
* ''Alnus dolichocarpa'' {{small|H.Zare, Amini & Assadi}} – Iran<br />
* ''Alnus figerti'' {{small|Callier}}<br />
* ''Alnus frangula'' {{small|L. ex Huth}}<br />
* ''Alnus gigantea'' {{small|Nakai}}<br />
* ''Alnus glandulosa'' {{small|Sarg.}}<br />
* ''Alnus henedae'' {{small|Sugim.}}<br />
* ''Alnus hybrida'' {{small|Rchb.}}<br />
* ''Alnus laciniata'' {{small|Ehrh.}}<br />
* ''Alnus lobata'' {{small|Nyman}}<br />
* ''Alnus microphylla'' {{small|Arv.-Touv.}}<br />
* ''Alnus obtusifolia'' {{small|Mert. ex Regel}}<br />
* ''Alnus oxyacantha'' {{small|Lavalle}}<br />
* ''Alnus subrotunda'' {{small|Desf.}}<br />
* ''Alnus vilmoriana'' {{small|Lebas}}<br />
* ''Alnus washingtonia'' {{small|Wetzel}}<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
==== Hybrids ====<br />
[[File:AlnusXspaethii.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Alnus x spaethii|Alnus × spaethii]]'']]<br />
<br />
The following hybrids have been described:<ref name="PlantList">{{cite web |date=September 2013 |title=The Plant List entry for ''Alnus'' |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Betulaceae/Alnus/ |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=[[The Plant List]], v.1.1 |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] and the [[Missouri Botanical Garden]]}}</ref><ref name="Govaerts-2017">{{cite web |author=Govaerts R |title=''Alnus'' Mill. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000643-2 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* ''[[Alnus × elliptica]]'' {{small|Req.}} (''A. cordata'' × ''A. glutinosa'')<br />
* ''[[Alnus × fallacina]]'' {{small|Callier}} (''A. incana'' subsp. ''rugosa'' × ''A. serrulata'')<br />
* ''[[Alnus × hanedae]]'' {{small|Suyinata}} (''A. firma'' × ''A. sieboldiana'')<br />
* ''[[Alnus × hosoii]]'' {{small|Mizush.}} (''A. maximowiczii'' × ''A. pendula'')<br />
* ''[[Alnus × mayrii]]'' {{small|Callier}} (''A. hirsuta'' × ''A. japonica'')<br />
* ''[[Alnus × peculiaris]]'' {{small|Hiyama}} (''A. firma'' × ''A. pendula'')<br />
* ''[[Alnus × pubescens]]'' {{small|Tausch.}} (''A. glutinosa'' × ''A. incana'')<br />
* ''[[Alnus × suginoi]]'' {{small|Sugim.}}<br />
{{Div col end}} <br />
<br />
The status of the following hybrids is unresolved:<ref name="PlantList" /><br />
<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=300px}}<br />
* ''Alnus'' × ''aschersoniana'' {{small|Callier}}<br />
* ''Alnus'' × ''koehnei'' {{small|Callier}}<br />
* ''Alnus'' × ''ljungeri'' {{small|Murai}}<br />
* ''Alnus'' × ''purpusii'' {{small|Callier}}<br />
* ''Alnus'' × ''silesiaca'' {{small|Fiek}}<br />
* ''Alnus'' × ''spaethii'' {{small|Callier}} (''A. japonica'' × ''A. subcordata'')<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Fossil record===<br />
The oldest fossil pollen that can be identified as ''Alnus'' is from northern [[Bohemia]], dating to the late [[Paleocene]], around 58 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Xiao-Yue |last2=Wang |first2=Ze-Fu |last3=Luo |first3=Wen-Chun |last4=Guo |first4=Xin-Yi |last5=Zhang |first5=Cai-Hua |last6=Liu |first6=Jian-Quan |last7=Ren |first7=Guang-Peng |date=September 2019 |title=Plastomes of Betulaceae and phylogenetic implications |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12479 |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |language=en |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=508–518 |doi=10.1111/jse.12479 |bibcode=2019JSyEv..57..508Y |issn=1674-4918 |s2cid=91509152|url-access=subscription }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Div col |colwidth=50em}}<br />
* †''[[Alnus fairi]]'' {{small|([[Frank Knowlton|Knowlton]]) Wolfe, 1966}} - Miocene; Western North America<ref name="Wolfe-1966">{{cite report |last1=Wolfe |first1=J.A. |year=1966 |title=Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska |series= Professional Paper |publisher=United States Geological Survey |volume=398B |pages=1–32 |doi=10.3133/pp398B |doi-access=free }}</ref><br />
* [[Extinction|†]]''[[Alnus heterodonta]]'' {{small|(Newberry) Meyer & Manchester 1987}} – Oligocene; Fossil, Oregon<br />
* †''[[Alnus hollandiana]]'' {{small|Jennings, 1920}} - Miocene; Western North America<ref name="Chaney-1959">{{cite book |last1=Chaney |first1=R. |last2=Axelrod |first2=D. |year=1959 |title=Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod |publisher= Carnegie Institution of Washington |pages=1–226}}{{HathiTrust Catalog|uc1.c099384505|Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau}}</ref><br />
* †''[[Alnus largei]]'' {{small|([[Frank Knowlton|Knowlton]]) Wolfe, 1966}} - Miocene; Western North America<ref name="Wolfe-1966"/><br />
* †''[[Alnus parvifolia]]'' {{small|([[Edward W. Berry|Berry]]) [[Jack A. Wolfe|Wolfe]] & [[Wesley Wehr|Wehr]], 1987}} - Ypresian; [[Eocene Okanagan Highlands|Okanagan Highlands]]<ref name="Wolfe-1987">{{cite report |last1=Wolfe |first1=J. A. |last2= Wehr |first2=W. C. |year=1987 |title=Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington |series= Bulletin |publisher=United States Geological Survey |volume=1597 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.3133/b1597 |doi-access=free }}</ref><br />
* †''[[Alnus relatus]]'' {{small|(Knowlton) [[Roland W. Brown|Brown]], 1937}} - Miocene; Western North America<ref name="Wolfe-1966"/><br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== Etymology ===<br />
The common name ''alder'' evolved from the Old English word ''alor'', which in turn is derived from [[Proto-Germanic]] root ''aliso''.<ref name="Harper">{{cite web |last=Harper |first=Douglas |title=alder {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of alder by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/alder#etymonline_v_8122 |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]}}</ref> The generic name ''Alnus'' is the equivalent [[Latin]] name, from whence French ''aulne'' and Spanish ''Alamo'' (Spanish term for "[[Populus|poplar]]").<ref name="Harper" /><br />
<br />
== Ecology ==<br />
Alders are commonly found near streams, rivers, and wetlands. Sometimes where the prevalence of alders is particularly prominent these are called [[alder carr]]s. In the [[Pacific Northwest]] of North America, the [[Alnus rhombifolia|white alder]] (''Alnus rhombifolia'') unlike other northwest alders, has an affinity for warm, dry climates, where it grows along watercourses, such as along the lower [[Columbia River]] east of the Cascades and the Snake River, including Hells Canyon.<br />
<br />
Alder leaves and sometimes catkins are used as food by numerous butterflies and moths.<br />
<br />
''A. glutinosa'' and ''A. viridis'' are classed as environmental weeds in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clayson|first=Howell|title=Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand|publisher=Department of Conservation|location=Wellington|date=May 2008|isbn=978-0-478-14412-3}}</ref> Alder leaves and especially the roots are important to the ecosystem because they [[Nitrogen fixation|enrich the soil with nitrogen]] and other nutrients.<br />
<br />
=== Nitrogen fixation and succession of woodland species===<br />
[[Image:Alnus_rubra_seeds.jpg|right|thumb|A red alder seed is a tiny [[samara (fruit)|samara]] like those of all alders]]<br />
<br />
Alder is particularly noted for its important [[symbiosis|symbiotic]] relationship with ''[[Frankia alni]]'', an [[actinomycete]], [[Filamentation|filamentous]], nitrogen-fixing [[bacteria|bacterium]]. This bacterium is found in [[root nodule]]s, which may be as large as a human fist, with many small lobes, and light brown in colour. The bacterium absorbs [[nitrogen]] from the air and makes it available to the tree. Alder, in turn, provides the bacterium with [[sugar]]s, which it produces through [[photosynthesis]]. As a result of this mutually beneficial relationship, alder improves the [[Fertility (soil)|fertility of the soil]] where it grows, and as a [[pioneer species]], it helps provide additional nitrogen for the [[Ecological succession|successional]] species to follow.<br />
<br />
Because of its abundance, red alder delivers large amounts of nitrogen to enrich forest soils. Red alder stands have been found to supply between {{convert|130|and|320|kg/ha|lb/acre|abbr=off}} of nitrogen annually to the soil. From Alaska to Oregon, ''Alnus viridis'' subsp. ''sinuata'' (''A. sinuata'', Sitka alder or slide alder), characteristically pioneer fresh, gravelly sites at the foot of retreating glaciers. Studies show that Sitka alder, a more shrubby variety of alder, adds nitrogen to the soil at an average rate of {{convert|60|kg/ha|lb/acre|abbr=on}} per year, helping convert the sterile glacial terrain to soil capable of supporting a conifer forest. Alders are common among the first species to colonize disturbed areas from floods, windstorms, fires, landslides, etc. Alder groves often serve as natural firebreaks since these broad-leaved trees are much less flammable than conifers. Their foliage and [[leaf litter]] does not carry a fire well, and their thin bark is sufficiently resistant to protect them from light surface fires. In addition, the light weight of alder seeds{{Snd}}numbering {{convert|1.5|e6/kg|/lb|abbr=off|disp=or}}{{Snd}}allows for easy dispersal by the wind. Although it outgrows [[coastal Douglas-fir]] for the first 25 years, it is very [[Shade tolerance|shade intolerant]] and seldom lives more than 100 years. Red alder is the Pacific Northwest's largest alder and the most plentiful and commercially important broad-leaved tree in the coastal Northwest. Groves of red alder {{convert|25|to|50|cm|6=0}} in diameter intermingle with young Douglas-fir forests west of the Cascades, attaining a maximum height of {{convert|30|to|33|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} in about sixty years, and then are afflicted by [[heart rot]]. Alders largely help create conditions favorable for giant conifers that replace them.<ref name="Arno-2020" /><br />
<br />
<gallery caption="Alder root nodules" height="250" mode="packed"><br />
An alder root nodule gall.JPG|alt=An alder root nodule|Whole root nodule<br />
A sectioned alder root nodule gall.JPG|alt=A sectioned alder root nodule|Sectioned root nodules<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== Parasites ===<br />
Alder roots are parasitized by [[Boschniakia rossica|northern groundcone]].<br />
<br />
== Uses ==<br />
[[File:Wappen at grossarl.png|thumb|right|Alder coat of arms of [[Grossarl]], [[Austria]]]]<br />
<br />
The catkins of some alder species have a degree of edibility,<ref name="PFAF">{{cite web|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/DatabaseSearhResult.aspx|title=Plant Search Result, see e.g. Alnus rubra|website=pfaf.org |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref> and may be rich in protein. Reported to have a bitter and unpleasant taste, they are more useful for survival purposes. The wood of certain alder species is often used to smoke various food items such as [[coffee]], [[salmon]], and other seafood.<br />
<br />
Alder is notably stable when immersed, and has been used for millennia as a material for [[Timber pilings|pilings]] for piers and wharves. Most of the pilings that form the foundation of [[Venice]] were made from alder trees.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nakasako|first1=Eric|title=A Look at Venice: Past and Present|url=http://illumin.usc.edu/130/a-look-at-venice-past-and-present/|website=Illumin|date=11 August 2008 |publisher=University of Southern California|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Alder bark contains the anti-inflammatory [[salicin]], which is metabolized into [[salicylic acid]] in the body.<ref>{{cite book |first=Susan |last=Ewing |title=The Great Alaska Nature Factbook: A Guide to the State's Remarkable Animals, Plants, and Natural Features |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abLCCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT142 |date=2012 |publisher=Graphic Arts Books |isbn=978-0-88240-868-2 |pages=106, 142 |edition=2nd}}</ref> Some Native American cultures use red alder bark (''[[Alnus rubra]]'') to treat poison oak, insect bites, and skin irritations. Blackfeet Indians have traditionally used an infusion made from the bark of red alder to treat lymphatic disorders and [[tuberculosis]]. Recent clinical studies have verified that red alder contains [[betulin]] and [[lupeol]], compounds shown to be effective against a variety of tumors.<ref>{{cite book |title=Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West |first=Gregory L. |last=Tilford |year=1997 |publisher=Mountain Press |isbn=0-87842-359-1}}</ref><br />
<br />
The inner bark of the alder, as well as [[red osier dogwood]], or [[chokecherry]], is used by some [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas]] in smoking mixtures, known as ''kinnikinnick'', to improve the taste of the [[bearberry]] leaf.<ref>{{cite web |last=Staff |year=2009 |url=http://lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=1355 |title=Bearberry |work=Discovering Lewis and Clark |publisher=The Lewis and Clark Fort Mandan Foundation |access-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218093355/http://lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=1355 |archive-date=18 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Alder is illustrated in the coat of arms for the Austrian town of [[Grossarl]].<br />
<br />
Electric guitars, most notably those manufactured by the [[Fender Musical Instruments Corporation]], have been built with alder bodies since the 1950s. Alder is appreciated for its tone that is claimed to be tight and evenly balanced, especially when compared to mahogany, and has been adopted by many electric guitar manufacturers. It usually is finished in opaque lacquer ([[nitrocellulose]], [[polyurethane]], or [[polyester]]), as it does not have a prominent grain.<br />
<br />
As a [[hardwood]], alder is used in making furniture, cabinets, and other woodworking products. In these applications, its aforementioned lack of prominent grain means that it is often [[Wood veneer|veneer]]ed, either by stained light woods such as oak, ash, or figured maple, or by darker woods such as teak or walnut.<br />
<br />
Alder bark and wood (like [[oak]] and [[sweet chestnut]]) contain [[tannin]] and are traditionally used to tan leather.<br />
<br />
A red dye can also be extracted from the outer bark, and a yellow dye from the inner bark.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/ethnobotany/dyes.shtml|title=Native Plant Dyes|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Culture ==<br />
[[Ermanno Olmi]]'s movie ''[[The Tree of Wooden Clogs]]'' (''L' Albero Degli Zoccoli'', 1978) refers in its title to alder, typically used to make clogs as in this movie's plot.<ref>[http://www.officinadellambiente.com/it/articolo.php?idl1=0&idl2=0&id=3320 PRESSO LA RIVA: L'ONTANO] (''tr. AT THE SHORE: THE ALDER''), December 2015 ''www.officinadellambiente.com'', accessed 17 November 2020</ref><ref>[http://uomoenatura.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Ontano-nero.pdf Ontano nero] (''tr. Black Alder'') accessed 17 November 2020 ''uomoenatura.it''</ref><br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
{{Refbegin}}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Zhiduan |last2=Li |first2=Jianhua |date=March 2004 |title=Phylogenetics and Biogeography of ''Alnus'' (Betulaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA ITS Region |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/382795 |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=165 |issue=2 |pages=325–335 |doi=10.1086/382795 |bibcode=2004IJPlS.165..325C |s2cid=85579093|url-access=subscription }}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons}}<br />
{{Wikispecies|Alnus}}<br />
* [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Alnus&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Alnus'']<br />
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=40&taxon_id=101157 Flora of Bolivia: ''Alnus'']<br />
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=101157 Flora of China: ''Alnus'']<br />
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=101157 Flora of North America: ''Alnus'']<br />
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=101157 Flora of Pakistan: ''Alnus'']<br />
<br />
{{Tannin source}}<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q25239}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Alnus| ]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by Philip Miller]]<br />
[[Category:Extant Thanetian first appearances]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahil_Jadhav&diff=531855Sahil Jadhav2026-02-21T06:08:59Z<p>Serguty: made new info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian compound archer (born 2001)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Sahil Jadhav<br />
| fullname = Sahil Rajesh Jadhav<br />
| image = Sahil Rajesh Jadhav (born 2001) at the Rhine-Ruhr 2025 FISU World University Games.png<br />
| caption = At the [[Archery at the 2025 Summer World University Games – Men's individual compound|2025 World University Games]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|11 April 2001}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Satara (city)|Satara]], Maharashtra, India<br />
| sport = [[Archery]]<br />
| event = [[Compound bow|Compound]]<br />
| education = [[Natural Science|Bachelor of Natural Science]]<br />
| alma_mater = Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University, [[Satara (city)|Satara]]<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Compound bow|compound archery]]}} [[File: Archery pictogram.svg|30px]]<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Archery Championships|Asian Championships]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Asian Archery Championships|2025 Dhaka]]|[[2025 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[FISU World University Games|World University Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Summer World University Games|2025 Rhine-Ruhr]]|[[Archery at the 2025 Summer World University Games#Compound|Individual]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver| [[2025 Summer World University Games|2025 Rhine-Ruhr]]|[[Archery at the 2025 Summer World University Games#Compound|Team]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sahil Rajesh Jadhav''' (born 11 April 2001) is an Indian [[compound archery|compound archer]]. He has won gold medal in the [[Archery at the 2025 Summer World University Games – Men's individual compound|individual]] event and silver medal in the [[Archery at the 2025 Summer World University Games – Men's team compound|team]] event at the [[2025 Summer World University Games|2025 World University Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-26 |title=Jadhav announces himself to the world stage with fine win at Rhine-Ruhr |url=https://www.worldarchery.sport/news/202082/jadhav-announces-himself-world-stage-fine-win-rhine-ruhr |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=[[World Archery]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
Jadhav has been pursuing bachelors course on [[Natural Sciences]] at Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University in Satara, Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-26 |title=WUG2025: Unfancied Sahil Jadhav emerges World University Games champion |url=https://www.oneturf.news/news/wug2025-unfancied-sahil-jadhav-emerges-world-university-games-champion |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=OneTurf News |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Jadhav made his international debut at the [[2025 Summer World University Games]], where he was seeded sixth in the individual category during the rankings round.<ref name="ranking round">{{cite web|url=https://s3-crs-prod.microplustimingservices.com/RHRU2025/static/_PDF/WUG2025/ARC/2025-07-22/ARCMINDIVIDC----------------------__C73A_12.0.pdf | title=Ranking round results – Individual |date=22 July 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref> He, along with Kushal Dalal and Hrithik Sharma, won the silver medal in the men's team event after losing to Turkey by a margin of a point.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-25 |title=World University Games: Indian mixed compound team retains title; Dev Meena sets Pole Vault NR |url=https://thebridge.in/archery/world-university-games-three-archery-medals-dev-meena-nr-53985 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> In the individual event, Jadhav comfortably reached the semis, where he faced his Indian compatriot Dalal and advanced to the final after a stellar near-10 during the shoot-off round. In the gold-medal match, Jadhav hit consecutive 14 arrows and was one arrow away from setting the new FISU Games Record, but his last arrow went for a nine and won the match against [[Great Britain]]'s Ajay Scott by 149-148. He also won India's first individual gold medal in the [[2025 Summer World University Games|2025 Summer Universiade]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-26 |title=World University Games: Sahil Jadhav wins India’s first individual gold |url=https://thebridge.in/athletics/sahil-jadhav-gold-world-university-games-2025-54003 |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=The Bridge |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Indian archers|Indian Archers]]<br />
* [[Archery in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.worldarchery.sport/profile/55396 World Archery profile]<br />
* [https://rhineruhr2025.com/en/schedule#/athlete-details/11166491 Sahil Rajesh Jadhav] at the [[2025 Summer World University Games]]<br />
* {{Instagram|the_sahil_jadhav_sj}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jadhav, Sahil}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2001 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male archers]]<br />
[[Category:Archers from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2025 Summer Universiade]]<br />
[[Category:FISU World University Games gold medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:FISU World University Games silver medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Summer World University Games medalists in archery]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idol%27s_Eye&diff=503670Idol's Eye2026-02-18T18:50:07Z<p>Serguty: started post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|70.21-carat blue diamond}}<br />
{{Infobox diamond<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| name = Idol's Eye<br />
| carats = 70.21<br />
| grams = <br />
| color = Very light blue<br />
| cut = Tabular, free-form. Inscribed.<br />
| mine = [[Kollur Mine]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| cutter = <br />
| found = 1600<br />
| original_owner = privately owned<br />
| owner = <br />
| value = <br />
| Dimensions = {{cvt|26.1|x|24.53|x|13.43|mm}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Idol's Eye''' (also '''Idols Eye''') is a 70.21-carat [[Golconda diamond]]. It has a very light blue colour with nine main facets and was found in 1600 in the [[Golconda Sultanate]] in southern India. According to legend, the diamond was initially owned by Prince Rahab of Persia, who gave it to his creditors to settle his debts. The diamond re-appeared on 14 July 1865, when it was introduced by [[Christie's]] for auction in [[London]], where it was purchased by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]]. After the [[Young Turk Revolution]] the jewel turned up in Paris on 24 July 1909, after which it was purchased by a Spanish aristocrat. Following [[World War II]], it was sold to the American jeweller [[Harry Winston]], and later purchased by the American philanthropist [[May Bonfils Stanton]]. After her death in 1962, it was purchased by the Chicago jewelry store owner Harry Levinson at auction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Idol's Eye: World Famous Diamonds|url=https://www.jewellermagazine.com/Article/544/Idols-Eye-World-Famous-Diamonds|work=jewellermagazine.com|access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title="Idol's Eye" Diamond with Harry Winston Necklace Diamond: early 17th century, Necklace: mid 20th century|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/655883+&cd=17&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ae|work=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|year=2000|access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Jewels: A Secret History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2wmZIBdok0C&q=the+idols+eye+diamond|page=31|author=Victoria Finlay|year=2006| publisher=Random House Publishing |isbn=9780345493354|access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="Baumgold">{{cite book|title=The Diamond: A Novel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZY7WF3duuE8C&pg=PA41|last=Baumgold|first=Julie|year=2005|pages=35–45|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=9780743274548|access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
It was owned by [[Saud bin Muhammed Al Thani]] at the time of his death in 2014.<ref>[https://archive.today/20250213183013/https://www.thetimes.com/uk/law/article/sheikh-loses-battle-to-buy-idols-eye-70-carat-blue-diamond-9n5zhxfp7 Sheikh loses battle to buy Idol’s Eye 70-carat blue diamond], February 13 2025, [[The Times]]</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* [https://famousdiamonds.tripod.com/idolseyediamond.html The Idol's Eye]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Golconda diamonds]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{gemology-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=MFK_Award_for_Favourite_Song&diff=514062MFK Award for Favourite Song2026-02-18T13:24:21Z<p>Serguty: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film award}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox award<br />
| name = [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]] for Favourite Song<br />
| image = Ajay-Atul 1.jpg<br />
|image_size = <br />
| image_upright = <br />
| caption = The 2022 recipient:<br> [[Ajay-Atul]] for "Sukh Kalale" from [[Ved (film)|Ved]]<br />
| awarded_for = Best Song of the Year<br />
| presenter = ''[[Zee Talkies]]''<br />
| country = India<br />
| year = [[Ajay-Atul]], <br> for "Morya Morya" from Uladhaal (2009) <br />
| holder = [[Ajay-Atul]], <br> for "[[Sukh Kalale]]" from [[Ved (film)|Ved]] (2023)<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
'''Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? Award for Favourite Song''' is given by [[Zee Talkies]] as part of its annual [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]] ceremony for [[Marathi language|Marathi]] films.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=M. M. W. |date=2009-09-19 |title='Maharashtracha Favorite Kon?' |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/news/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2010.php |access-date=2023-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Supriya Pilgaonkar during Maharashtracha Favourite Kon Awards 2013, held at Grand Hyatt, in Mumbai, on December 1, 2013. |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/yearendershow/26735469.cms |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref> The award was first given in 2009.<br />
<br />
== Superlatives ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Superlatives<br />
!Music director<br />
!Record<br />
|-<br />
|Most awards<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ajay-Atul|Ajay Atul]]<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Most nominations<br />
|13<br />
|-<br />
|[[Amitraj]]<br />
|9<br />
|-<br />
|Most nominations in a single year<br />
|Ajay Atul {{small|(2016)}}<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|Most consecutive year nominations<br />
|Amitraj {{small|(2018–2022)}}<br />
|4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Winners and nominees==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
!scope="col" style="width:5%; text-align:center;"| Year<br />
!scope="col" style="width:10%;text-align:center;"| Photos of winners<br />
!scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;"| Actor<br />
!scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;"| Song<br />
!scope="col" style="width:15%;text-align:center;"| Film<br />
!scope="col" style="width:3%;text-align:center;"|Ref.<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009 <br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Ajay-Atul 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Ajay-Atul|Ajay Atul]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Morya Morya'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''Uladhaal'''''<br />
| rowspan="3" |<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
| Ajit-Atul-Sameer <br />
| De Dhakka<br />
| ''[[De Dhakka]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ashok Patki]]<br />
| Gori Gauri<br />
| ''Galgale Nighale''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Ajay-Atul 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Ajay-Atul|Ajay Atul]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Wajle Ki Bara'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy|Natarang]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=M. M. W. |date=2010-11-01 |title='Zee Talkies-Lux' Maharashtracha favourite Kon |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/news/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2010.php |access-date=2023-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Atul, Ajit<br />
| O Raje<br />
| ''[[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Avadhoot Gupte]]<br />
| Vitthala Konta Zenda<br />
| ''[[Zenda (film)|Zenda]]''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Ashok Patki.JPG|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Ashok Patki]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Hey Bhaskara'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Mee Sindhutai Sapkal]]''''' <br />
| rowspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kaushal Inamdar]]<br />
| Chinmaya Sakal Hridaya<br />
| ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Avinash–Vishwajeet|Avinash-Vishwajeet]]<br />
| Kadhi Tu<br />
| ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai]]''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012<br />
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Avadhoot Gupte.JPG|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Avadhoot Gupte]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Ganadhisha'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Morya (film)|Morya]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
| Mangesh Dhakade <br />
| Deva Tula Shodhu Kutha<br />
| ''[[Deool]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ashok Patki]]<br />
| Jaganyacha Paya<br />
| ''[[Tukaram (film)|Tukaram]]''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013<br />
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center" |<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Pankaj Padghan †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Tik Tik Vajate Dokyaat'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Duniyadari]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="5" |<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Amitraj]]<br />
| Deva Tujhya Gabharyala <br />
| rowspan="2" | ''Duniyadari''<br />
|-<br />
| Zindagi Zindagi <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Vishal–Shekhar|Vishal-Shekar]]<br />
| Karuya Aata<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Balak-Palak|Balak Palak]]''<br />
|-<br />
| Haravali Pakhare<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014<br />
| style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Ajay-Atul 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Ajay-Atul|Ajay Atul]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Mauli Mauli'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Lai Bhaari]]'''''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015<br />
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Hrishikesh-Saurabh-[[Jasraj Jayant Joshi|Jasraj]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Kiti Sangaychay Mala'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Double Seat]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="6" |<br />
|-<br />
| Hrishikesh-Saurabh-Jasraj <br />
| Man Suddha Tuzha<br />
| ''Double Seat''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amitraj]]<br />
| Teri Meri Yariyan<br />
| ''[[Classmates (2015 film)|Classmates]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Anand Modak]]<br />
| Dagad Dagad<br />
| ''[[Elizabeth Ekadashi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | Chinar - Mahesh<br />
| Waou Waou<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Timepass 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
| Sunya Sunya<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016 <br />
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Ajay-Atul 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Ajay-Atul|Ajay Atul]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Zingaat'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Sairat]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="6" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | Ajay Atul <br />
| [[Yad Lagla]]<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''Sairat''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sairat Zaala Ji]]<br />
|-<br />
|Aatach Baya Ka Bavarla<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]<br />
| Sur Niragas Ho<br />
| ''[[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (film)|Katyar Kaljat Ghusali]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amitraj]]<br />
| Awaaz Vadhav Dj<br />
| ''[[Poshter Girl]]''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017<br />
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Avinash–Vishwajeet|Avinash-Vishwajeet]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Hrudayat Vaje Something'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Ti Saddhya Kay Karte]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="6" |<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Rohan-Rohan]]<br />
| Baba<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Ventilator (2016 film)|Ventilator]]''<br />
|-<br />
| Ya Re Ya<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Ajay-Atul|Ajay Atul]]<br />
| [[Baby Bring It On]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Jaundya Na Balasaheb]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dolby Walya]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Avadhoot Gupte]]<br />
| Lagnalu<br />
| ''[[Boyz (film)|Boyz]]''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2018<br />
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[AV Prafullachandra]]''' '''†'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Jau De Nav'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Naal (film)|Naal]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="6" |<br />
|-<br />
| [[Avadhoot Gupte]]<br />
| Goti Soda<br />
|''[[Boyz 2]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Amitraj]] <br />
| Khandala Ghat <br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa]]''<br />
|-<br />
|Ye Re Ye Re Paisa<br />
|-<br />
| [[Narendra Bhide]]<br />
| [[Ararara]]<br />
| ''[[Mulshi Pattern]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vijay Narayan Gavande]]<br />
| Devak Kalji Re<br />
| ''[[Redu (film)|Redu]]''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2019<br />
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center" |<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Amitraj]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''Tula Japnar Aahe'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''Khari Biscuit'''''<br />
| rowspan="6" |<br />
|-<br />
| Suraj-Dhiraj<br />
| Khari<br />
| ''Khari Biscuit''<br />
|-<br />
| Amitraj <br />
| Shivrajyabhishek Geet<br />
| ''[[Hirkani]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | Devdutta Manisha Baji <br />
| Reni Fadkti Lakho Zende<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Fatteshikast]]''<br />
|-<br />
| Tu Jogwa Vaad Mai<br />
|-<br />
| Hrishikesh-Saurabh-[[Jasraj Jayant Joshi|Jasraj]]<br />
| Rang Maliyela<br />
| ''[[Anandi Gopal]]''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="10" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2021<br />
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Ajay-Atul 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Ajay-Atul|Ajay Atul]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Zingaat]]'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Sairat]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="10" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2021-12-01 |title='महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट कोण? सुवर्णदशक सोहळा', नामांकनातून कोण मारणार बाजी? प्रेक्षकांची उत्सुकता शिगेला! |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/marathi-cinema/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2021-nomination-list-588086.html |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Ajay Atul <br />
| Wajle Ki Baara<br />
| ''[[Natarang]]''<br />
|-<br />
| Mauli Mauli<br />
| ''[[Lai Bhaari]]''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ashok Patki]] <br />
| Hey Bhaskara<br />
| ''[[Mee Sindhutai Sapkal]]''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Avadhoot Gupte]]<br />
| Ganadhisha<br />
| [[Morya (film)|''Morya'']]<br />
|-<br />
| Pankaj Padghan <br />
| Tik Tik Vajate Dokyaat<br />
| ''[[Duniyadari]]''<br />
|-<br />
| Hrishikesh-Saurabh-[[Jasraj Jayant Joshi|Jasraj]]<br />
| Kiti Sangaichay Mala<br />
| ''[[Double Seat]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Avinash–Vishwajeet]]<br />
| Hrudayat Vaje Something<br />
| ''[[Ti Saddhya Kay Karte]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[AV Prafullachandra]]<br />
| Jau De Nav<br />
| ''[[Naal (film)|Naal]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amitraj]]<br />
| Tula Japnar Aahe<br />
| ''Khari Biscuit''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2022<br />
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center" |{{border|[[File:Ajay-Atul 1.jpg|130px|centre]]|width=2px|style=solid |color=gold}}<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Ajay-Atul|Ajay Atul]] †'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''[[Chandra (song)|Chandra]]'''<br />
| style="background:#FAEB86;" | '''''[[Dharmaveer|Chandramukhi]]'''''<br />
| rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon: यंदा कोण ठरणार 'महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट'? नामांकनं जाहीर! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-nominations-declare-know-how-to-vote-141671676182720.html |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Devdutta Manisha Baji <br />
| Shivba Raja<br />
| ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rohan-Rohan]]<br />
| Angaat Aalaya<br />
|''[[Zombivli]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Avadhoot Gupte]]<br />
| Kelewali<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bhurum Bhurum]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Avinash–Vishwajeet|Avinash-Vishwajeet]]<br />
| Guru Pournima <br />
| ''[[Dharmaveer]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amitraj]]<br />
| Sai Tujha Lekaru<br />
| ''[[Timepass 3]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hitesh Modak]]<br />
| De Punha Dhakka<br />
| ''[[De Dhakka|De Dhakka 2]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
[[Category:MFK awards]]<br />
[[Category:Film awards for best music director]]<br />
[[Category:Indian music awards]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Pandi_Muneeswarar_Temple_(Pandi_Kovil)&diff=537061Sri Pandi Muneeswarar Temple (Pandi Kovil)2026-02-15T14:05:06Z<p>Serguty: made place</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Temple located in Madurai city, Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br />
[[File:மதுரை பாண்டி முனீசுவரர்.jpg|thumb|Sri Pandi Muneeswarar]]<br />
<br />
'''Sri Pandi Muneeswarar Temple''' (commonly known as ''Pandi Kovil)'' is a temple located in [[Melamadai]] area of [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The main deity of the temple is ''Pandi Muneeswarar''. It is believed that a [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] king called ''Nedunchezhiyan'' is worshipped as ''Pandi Muneeswarar'' in this temple.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=சைலபதி,என்.ஜி.மணிகண்டன் |title=வைகை நதிக்கரை ஆலயங்கள் - 5 {{!}} பாதுகாக்கும் மேலமடை பாண்டிமுனி... பயம்போக்கும் சமயன் கருப்பன்! |url=https://www.vikatan.com/spiritual/temples/madurai-temples-the-glory-of-pandi-kovil-in-madurai |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=www.vikatan.com |date=19 February 2021 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2020-07-28 |title=மதுரை பாண்டி முனீஸ்வரர் கோவில் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/temples/2020/07/28074927/1746640/Madurai-Pandi-Muneeswaran-Temple.vpf |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Legend ==<br />
According to an old legend, two hundred years ago, a couple named muthuraiyar community Valliammal and Periyasamy were travelling from Karur to Madurai. As it got dark on the way to Madurai, they decided to stay at Melamadai near the present Mattuthavani and slept there. At night, a long-bearded sage appeared in Valliammal's dream and told him that he was Pandyan Nedunchezhiyan, the ruler of Madurai, and that he had been meditating in the same place, eight feet deep in the earth as a penance for the injustice he did for [[Kovalan]], the husband of [[Kannagi]] by taking rebirth. He further added that, if they worship him, then he would protect and bless their family. A startled Valliammal told her husband what had happened and they unearthed the idol buried eight feet deep in the soil. After that, a temple was built on the site and the community of Valliammal continues to worship and maintain this temple till today.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Madurai]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rupesh_Kumar_Singh&diff=531110Rupesh Kumar Singh2026-02-10T03:09:49Z<p>Serguty: starting new biography with sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian journalist}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Rupesh Kumar Singh<!-- defaults to article title when left blank --><br />
| image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --><br />
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --><br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --><br />
| birth_date = <!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --><br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --><br />
| death_place = <br />
| other_names = <br />
| organization = Independent<br />
| occupation = Journalist<br />
| spouse = Ipsa Shatakshi<br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = reporting of persecution of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|tribal people]]<br />
| notable_works = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rupesh Kumar Singh''' is a journalist from [[Jharkhand]] who is known for his reporting on [[Human rights violation]] and persecution of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|tribal people]].<ref name="NL">{{cite news |last1=Team |first1=N. L. |title=Jharkhand reporter in Pegasus list arrested, family and journalists say targeted for his work |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/07/18/jharkhand-reporter-in-pegasus-list-arrested-family-and-journalists-say-targeted-for-his-work |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=Newslaundry |date=18 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="Lalwani">{{cite news |last1=Lalwani |first1=Vijayta |title='Journalism is not a bed of roses': Meet the Jharkhand reporter featured in leaked Pegasus database |url=https://scroll.in/article/1000597/journalism-is-not-a-bed-of-roses-meet-the-jharkhand-reporter-featured-in-leaked-pegasus-database |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=Scroll.in |date=20 July 2021}}</ref> In 2021 during the [[Pegasus Project revelations in India]] his phone number (including those of his two family members<ref name="telegraph pegasus" />) were found in the list of potential targets for state surveillance by [[Pegasus (spyware)]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Not Surprised But Offended at Invasion of Privacy': Jharkhand Journalist on Pegasus List |url=https://thewire.in/media/jharkhand-journalist-rupesh-kumar-singh-pegasus-project-snooping-list |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=The Wire |date=26 July 2021}}</ref> Rupesh claimed that the [[Union government of India]] had been targeting him for his reporting on violence by the security forces against the tribal people.<ref name="telegraph pegasus">{{cite news |title=Freelance journalist on potential snoop list to move Supreme Court |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/freelance-journalist-on-potential-snoop-list-to-move-supreme-court/cid/1823520 |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=telegraphindia.com}}</ref> He along with four other journalists targeted by the spyware moved the [[Supreme Court of India]], seeking a mechanism for judicial oversight and punishments for the officials involved.<ref name="barandbench">{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Debayan |title=Five journalists in Pegasus snooping list move Supreme Court; seek Judicial Oversight Mechanism to deal with complaints, punish govt officials |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/five-journalists-in-pegasus-snooping-list-move-supreme-court-punish-govt-officials |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |date=2 Aug 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pegasus: 29 Mobiles Under Technical Panel's Scanner, SC Asks for Report by June 20 |url=https://thewire.in/law/pegasus-29-mobiles-under-technical-panels-scanner-sc-asks-for-report-by-june-20 |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=The Wire |date=20 May 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Rupesh is married to Ipsa Shatakshi who is a social activist working on tribal issues.<ref name="NL" /> She and her sister were also targeted by the Pegasus spyware.<ref name="barandbench" /><ref name="telegraph pegasus" /><br />
<br />
== Pegasus spyware ==<br />
Rupesh reported on the displacement of tribals, suppression of tribal rights and the arrest of the tribals on false charges after branding them [[Maoists]]. He believed his reporting made him the target of surveillance by Pegasus software and also led to his arrest by the [[Bihar Police]] in June 2019 under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]] (UAPA). Rupesh alleged that the security forces had tried to coax him to stop reporting, after failing to convince him they planted gelatin sticks and detonators in his car in his presence and then arrested him for the same.<ref name="telegraph pegasus" /> Bihar police failed to file a chargesheet in his case even after the completion of stipulated 180 days since the filing of the complaint. He spent six months in jail and was released on bail in December 2019 from the Gaya jail since no chargesheet was filed.<ref name="telegraph pegasus" /><br />
<br />
== Arresting ==<br />
On 17 July 2022, Singh was arrested by [[Jharkhand Police]] from his residence in [[Ramgarh district]].<ref name="Wire Arrest">{{cite news |title=Jharkhand Police Arrests Independent Journalist Under Same FIR as Top Maoist Leader |url=https://thewire.in/media/independent-journalist-rupesh-kumar-singh-arrested |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=The Wire |date=17 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jharkhand cops arrest freelance journalist for Maoist links |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/city-others/jharkhand-cops-arrest-freelance-journalist-for-maoist-links-8035534/lite/ |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> His laptop phones among other belongings were also seized.<ref>{{cite news |title=UAPA और PSA जैसे कड़े कानूनों के तहत देश की जेलों में बंद स्वतंत्र पत्रकार! |url=https://www.gaonsavera.com/independent-journalists-lodged-in-different-jails-of-the-country/ |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=gaonsavera.com |date=18 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jharkhand Police Strikes UAPA on Independent Journalist Rupesh Kumar Singh |url=https://www.newsclick.in/Jharkhand-Police-Strikes-UAPA-Independent-Journalist-Rupesh-Kumar-Singh |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=NewsClick |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> His wife Shatakshi said that Singh was being targeted as he had recently published reports on morbidity in villages due to industrial pollutants.<ref name="NL" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{Twitter | id= RupeshKSingh85 }}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rupesh Kumar}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian investigative journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheruvayal_Raman&diff=493888Cheruvayal Raman2026-02-06T18:52:10Z<p>Serguty: New new post...</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian Tribal Farmer}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Cheruvayal K. Raman<br />
| image = File:Memoripedia Launch 2026 Thrissur DSCN0107.jpg<br />
| imagesize =<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date =<br />
| birth_place = [[Wayanad]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| restingplace =<br />
| restingplacecoordinates =<br />
| othername =<br />
| occupation =<br />
| yearsactive =<br />
| spouse =<br />
| domesticpartner =<br />
| children =<br />
| parents =<br />
| website =<br />
| awards = [[File:Padma Shri Ribbon.svg|x15px|Padma Shri riband]][[Padma Shri]]<br />
}}<br />
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'''Cheruvayal K. Raman''' is an Indian [[tribal]] [[farmer]] from [[Wayanad]] [[district]], [[Kerala]].<ref name="ലേഖകൻ 2020">{{cite web | last=ലേഖകൻ | first=മനോരമ | title=അപൂർവ വിത്തുകളുടെ കാവൽക്കാരൻ, 150 വർഷം പഴക്കമുള്ള വീട്; വിസ്മയമാണ് രാമേട്ടൻ | website=ManoramaOnline | date=2020-09-20 | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/homestyle/spot-light/2020/09/20/cheruvayal-raman-eco-farming-sustainable-home-mode-wayanad.html | language=ml | access-date=2023-01-26}}</ref><ref name="S 2019">{{cite web | last=S | first=Lekshmi Priya | title=Kerala’s 'Guardian of Native Paddy' Lives in a 150-YO Home Made of Mud & Bamboo! | website=The Better India | date=2019-04-18 | url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/179537/kerala-farmer-native-paddy-conservation-sustainable-home/ | access-date=2023-01-26}}</ref> He is known as the guardian of rare seeds. <br />
<br />
== Life ==<br />
Without having any knowledge of conventional sciences like agriculture science or botany, he is known for conserving over 55 rice varieties on his small farm at Kammana.<ref name="Shaji 2022">{{cite web | last=Shaji | first=K A | title=Meet Cheruvayal Raman of Kerala, the country's lone 'living paddy gene bank' | website=The South First | date=2022-08-11 | url=https://www.thesouthfirst.com/news/meet-cheruvayal-raman-of-kerala-the-countrys-lone-living-paddy-gene-bank/ | access-date=2023-01-26}}</ref> Raman started farming on 40 acres of land given to him by his uncle. In January 2023, the Indian government honoured him with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award in the country.<ref name="Manoj 2023">{{cite web | last=Manoj | first=E.M. | title=Septuagenarian tribal farmer from Wayanad wins Padma Shri | website=The Hindu | date=2023-01-25 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/septuagenarian-tribal-farmer-from-wayanad-wins-padma-shri/article66433692.ece | access-date=2023-01-26}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in "Others" Category|state=collapsed}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Raman, Cheruvayal}}<br />
[[Category:People from Wayanad district]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian farmers]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Civil_Code_of_Uttarakhand_Act,_2024&diff=542624Uniform Civil Code of Uttarakhand Act, 20242026-01-21T03:52:30Z<p>Serguty: made new post</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Recently passed State Legislation}}{{Infobox legislation<br />
| short_title = The Uniform Civil Code of Uttarakhand Act, 2024<br />
| legislature = [[Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand]]<br />
| image = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg<br />
| imagesize = 200px<br />
| long_title = An Act to govern and regulate the laws relating to marriage and divorce, succession, live-in relationships and matters related thereto.<br />
| citation = Act No. 01 of 2024<br />
| territorial_extent = [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
| enacted_by = [[Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand]]<br />
| date_enacted = 7 February 2024<br />
| bill = The Uniform Civil Code of Uttarakhand Bill, 2024<br />
| bill_citation = Bill No. 02 of 2024<br />
| introduced_by = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]<br />
| date_introduced = 7 February 2024<br />
| passed_for = 70<br />
| passed_against = 0<br />
| passed_abstention = 0<br />
| date_final_passage = 7 February 2024<br />
| summary = A Law to govern and regulate the laws relating to marriage and divorce, succession, live-in relationships and matters related thereto.<br />
| status = in force<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Uniform Civil Code of Uttarakhand Act, 2024''' is a piece of legislation designed to establish a unified set of personal laws governing matters such as [[marriage]], [[divorce]], [[adoption]], [[inheritance]], and [[Remuneration|maintenance]] for all citizens of [[Uttarakhand]], irrespective of their [[religion]], [[gender]], [[Caste system in India|caste]], or [[sex]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uniform-civil-code-bill-passed-in-uttarakhand-assembly-101707310093132.html | title=Uttarakhand assembly passes Uniform Civil Code, Pushkar Singh Dhami says 'law not against anyone' | date=7 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/uttarakhand-becomes-first-state-to-pass-landmark-uniform-civil-code-bill/articleshow/107493657.cms | title=Uttarakhand becomes first state to pass landmark Uniform Civil Code bill | newspaper=The Times of India | date=7 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttarakhand-becomes-first-state-to-clear-uniform-civil-code-bill-5012568 | title=Uttarakhand First to Clear Uniform Civil Code Bill, Other States Line up }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Uttarakhand]] is the first state in India to enact a law on the [[Uniform Civil Code]]. [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand|Chief Minister]] [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]] described it as a "historic moment" for the nation.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Uniform Civil Code bill passed in Uttarakhand assembly |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uniform-civil-code-bill-passed-in-uttarakhand-assembly-101707312685015.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
[[Directive Principles|Article 44]] of the [[Constitution of India]] states that the State shall endeavor to implement a Uniform Civil Code. The implementation of the Uniform Civil Code in Uttarakhand was one of the key promises made by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] during the 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly elections.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/uttarakhand-cm-dhami-promises-uniform-civil-code-if-re-elected-4764638.html | title=Uttarakhand CM Dhami Promises Uniform Civil Code if BJP Re-elected to Power | date=12 February 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2022, the [[Government of Uttarakhand]] established a five-member expert committee, chaired by former [[Supreme Court judge]] [[Ranjana Prakash Desai]], to study and draft a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) law for the state.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/committee-set-up-on-ucc-implementation-in-uttarakhand-101653676664137.html | title=Committee set up on UCC implementation in Uttarakhand | date=28 May 2022 }}</ref><br />
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The committee sought public suggestions and received a total of 60,810 responses regarding the drafting and implementation of the Uniform Civil Code. On 2 February 2024, the committee submitted its report to [[Pushkar Singh Dhami|Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/uttarakhand-uniform-civil-code-committee-draft-submit-pushkar-singh-dhami-dehradun-2496578-2024-02-02 | title=Uniform Civil Code committee submits draft report to Uttarakhand government | date=2 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uniform-civil-code-in-uttarakhand-panel-hands-over-final-report-to-cm-pushkar-singh-dhami/articleshow/107351920.cms | title=Uniform civil code (UCC) in Uttarakhand: Panel hands over final report to CM Pushkar Singh Dhami | newspaper=The Times of India | date=2 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
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On 4 February 2024, the [[Uttarakhand Council of Ministers|Council of Ministers]], led by [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand|Chief Minister]] Pushkar Singh Dhami, approved the committee's report.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uttarakhand-cabinet-approves-ucc-draft-report-101707055092865.html | title=Uttarakhand all set to implement Uniform Civil Code | date=4 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/uttarakhand-cabinet-approves-ucc-report-bill-likely-to-be-tabled-in-assembly-on-february-6/articleshow/107405565.cms?from=mdr | title=Uttarakhand cabinet approves UCC report, bill likely to be tabled in Assembly on February 6 | newspaper=The Times of India | date=4 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
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== Provisions ==<br />
The ''Uniform Civil Code Act, 2024'', implemented in Uttarakhand, applies to all individuals residing in the state, except members of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]]. Below is a breakdown of its key provisions:<br />
<br />
'''Marriage and Divorce:'''<br />
<br />
* '''Minimum Marriageable Age''': Establishes a common minimum marriageable age for all genders—18 years for women and 21 years for men—in alignment with existing national legislation.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/uttarakhand-civil-code-the-key-changes-for-hindus-and-muslims-in-marriage-inheritance-9147624/ | title=Uttarakhand civil code: The key changes for Hindus and Muslims in marriage, inheritance | date=7 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
* '''Registration of Marriages''': Requires compulsory registration of all marriages with designated authorities to ensure legal recognition and transparency.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uttarakhand-uniform-civil-code-bill-key-features-explained/article67817385.ece | title=Registration of live-in relationships, polygamy ban: Key features of Uttarakhand's Uniform Civil Code Bill | newspaper=The Hindu | date=7 February 2024 | last1=Bhaumik | first1=Aaratrika }}</ref><br />
* '''Grounds for Divorce''': Specifies uniform grounds for divorce applicable to all communities, addressing issues such as cruelty, adultery, desertion, and mental illness.<br />
* '''Alimony and Maintenance''': Includes provisions for spousal and child maintenance after divorce, ensuring financial support and promoting the welfare of dependents.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/personal-finance/uttarakhands-uniform-civil-code-grants-equality-in-property-rights-12234191.html | title=Property rights: How does Uttarakhand's Uniform Civil Code move the needle? | date=9 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
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'''Inheritance and Succession:'''<br />
<br />
* '''Equal Rights''': Grants equal inheritance rights to sons and daughters, eliminating the distinction between ancestral and self-acquired property. This ensures gender equality and promotes fair distribution of inherited assets.<br />
* '''Succession Rules''': Establishes a uniform set of rules for inheritance based on the relationship to the deceased, irrespective of religious affiliation. This simplifies legal procedures and resolves complexities arising from diverse personal laws.<br />
<br />
'''Live-in Relationships:'''<br />
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* '''Registration''': Mandates the registration of live-in relationships, granting them legal recognition and protecting the rights of individuals in such partnerships.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/newsmo/video/register-live-in-relationship-or-face-up-to-6-months-jail-uttarakhand-civil-code-garners-criticism-her-2499505-2024-02-09 | title=Register live-in relationship or face up to 6 months jail: Uttarakhand Civil Code garners criticism &#124; HER | date=9 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
* '''Rights of Children''': Ensures the rights of children born to partners in registered live-in relationships, including access to inheritance, maintenance, and other legal benefits.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68224969 | title=Uttarakhand UCC: Indian state wants to govern live-in relationships | date=7 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
* '''Maintenance for Deserted Partners''': Includes provisions for maintenance to partners deserted in live-in relationships, ensuring their financial security and addressing potential exploitation.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttarakhand-ucc-dares-right-to-form-intimate-associations/article67822574.ece | title=Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code dares right to form 'intimate associations' | newspaper=The Hindu | date=7 February 2024 | last1=Rajagopal | first1=Krishnadas }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/uttarakhand-uniform-civil-code-registration-of-live-ins-jail-term-raise-questions-of-privacy-liberty-9147711/ | title=Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code: Registration of live-ins, jail term raise questions of privacy & liberty | date=7 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
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'''Additional Provisions:'''<br />
<br />
* '''Prohibition of Polygamy''': Prohibits the practice of polygamy for all individuals, promoting monogamy and gender equality.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ucc-bans-polygamy-is-the-practice-more-prevalent-among-muslims-9153803/ | title=UCC bans polygamy: Is the practice more prevalent among Muslims? | date=10 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
* '''Child Marriage Ban''': Reinforces the existing national ban on child marriage, protecting children from harmful traditional practices.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thewire.in/government/not-in-the-name-of-gender-justice-reflections-on-the-uttarakhands-ucc | title=Not in the Name of Gender Justice: Reflections on Uttarakhand's UCC }}</ref><br />
* '''Jurisdiction of Courts''': Specifies the jurisdiction of courts in matters related to marriage, divorce, inheritance, and maintenance under the Uniform Civil Code.<br />
<br />
'''Exemptions:'''<br />
<br />
* '''Scheduled Tribes''': The Act exempts members of Scheduled Tribes from its provisions, allowing them to continue following their customary laws in personal matters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thewire.in/government/uttarakhand-tables-ucc-jail-time-for-unregistered-live-in-relationship-exemption-for-tribals | title=Uttarakhand Set to Pass UCC: Jail Time for Unregistered Live-in Relationship; Exemption for Tribals }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reactions ==<br />
The passage of the UCC Act in Uttarakhand has elicited a wide range of reactions, both positive and negative. The BJP and its allies view the UCC as a progressive step toward achieving equality and eliminating discriminatory practices based on religion.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bjp-is-milking-uniform-civil-code-for-ls-polls-but-implementation-will-be-tough-2878679 | title=BJP is milking Uniform Civil Code for LS polls but implementation will be tough }}</ref> They believe it will promote national integration and simplify the legal system. On the other hand, the opposition argues that the UCC infringes on the religious and cultural rights of minorities, particularly concerning marriage, inheritance, and personal laws. They raise concerns that it could homogenize diverse traditions and undermine social harmony.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/2/9/why-is-an-indian-state-punishing-live-in-relationships | title=Why is an Indian state punishing live-in relationships? }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/how-uttarakhand-uniform-civil-code-impacts-hindu-muslim-christian-succession-laws-248965 | title=How Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code Impacts Hindu, Muslim & Christian Succession Laws | date=8 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
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[[Pushkar Singh Dhami|Chief Minister Dhami]] termed the passage of the bill as "historic," while the opposition stated that they were not given sufficient time for discussion.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/politics/2812226-historic-day-in-history-of-uttarakhand-chief-minister-dhami-after-assemblys-nod-to-ucc-bill | title="Historic day in history of Uttarakhand": Chief Minister Dhami after Assembly's nod to UCC bill &#124; Politics }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/not-against-uniform-civil-code-says-cong-leader-on-bill-in-ukhand-assembly-101707197502177.html | title='Not against Uniform Civil Code but...': Cong on UCC debut in Uttarakhand assembly | date=6 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
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Muslim community leaders have expressed apprehension about the impact of the UCC on their existing personal laws, highlighting concerns about safeguarding their cultural identity and traditions.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://time.com/6692447/india-uniform-civil-code-bill/ | title=New Bill in India to Govern Unwed Couples Who Live Together | date=7 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
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The president of the [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]], [[Asaduddin Owaisi]], described the UCC as "an attack" on the religious and cultural rights of minorities, particularly Muslims.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-hindus-kept-out-asaduddin-owaisi-slams-uniform-civil-code-101707291925902.html | title=Asaduddin Owaisi slams Uniform Civil Code, says 'Hindus, tribals kept out' | date=7 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/uttarakhands-uniform-civil-code-bill-forces-muslims-to-follow-different-religion-culture-says-asaduddin-owaisi-11707303626165.html | title=Uttarakhand's UCC 'forces Muslims to follow different religion, culture': Owaisi | date=7 February 2024 }}</ref> He argues that it "imposes a Hindu code" on all citizens, disregarding the diverse personal laws practiced by different communities. He also questions the constitutionality of the UCC, claiming it violates Article 25 and Article 29, which guarantee freedom of religion and cultural rights.<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/politics/nothing-but-a-hindu-code-for-all-owaisi-slams-uniform-civil-code-124020700552_1.html</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2024/Feb/08/ucc-bill-is-hindu-code-in-disguise-asaduddin-owaisi | title=UCC Bill is Hindu Code in disguise: Asaduddin Owaisi | date=8 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
[[Category:Government of Uttarakhand]]<br />
[[Category:Indian family law]]<br />
[[Category:Civil codes]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_of_Sikkim&diff=471898Indigenous peoples of Sikkim2026-01-10T13:39:45Z<p>Serguty: basic update page and fixed typos</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Native populations of Sikkim, India}}<br />
The '''[[indigenous people]] of Sikkim''' are the [[Lepcha people|Lepchas]] and [[Limbu people|Limbus]];<ref>{{cite web | url=https://southsikkim.nic.in/about-district/communities/ | title=Communities | publisher=Namchi District - Sikkim | access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="LSI-Sikkim, p2">{{cite web |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Kakali |title=Linguistic Survey of India 1999-2003 |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/lsi_sikkim/2Sikkim%20pg-i-xvii%20pg-1-23.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in 2011 |publisher=The Linguistic Survey of India |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref> the naturalized ethnic populations of [[Bhutia]]s, [[Kirati people|Kiratis]], and [[Indian Gorkha]] of [[Nepalis|Nepalese]] descendants who have an enduring presence in shaping the history of modern Sikkim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/4203/1/Population%20of%20sikkim%20a%20geographical%20analysis.pdf|title=Population of Sikkim:A Geographical Analysis}}</ref> The indigeneity criteria for including all peoples of Sikkim and Darjeeling hills is a misnomer as it is clearly known that Lepchas are the first people who trace their origin and culture of their ethnogenesis to the historical and somewhat political geography of Sikkim history as is well documented by colonial and immigrant settler history. However, many tribes preceded the migration of the colonial powers and can trace their migratory background as well as ancestral heritage and a well-formed history of civilization and cultural locus that is not inherently indigenous to Sikkim.<br />
<br />
Historically, Sikkim was a Princely State in the eastern Himalayas, a protectorate of India. Lepchas were the main inhabitants as well as the Ruler of the land until 1641.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Contents | url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/lsi_sikkim/2Sikkim%20pg-i-xvii%20pg-1-23.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026165318/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/lsi_sikkim/2Sikkim%20pg-i-xvii%20pg-1-23.pdf | archive-date=2011-10-26}}</ref> Lepchas are generally considered to be the first people, indigenous to Sikkim, while the major ethnic communities are mostly communities that function as tribal entities or ethnolinguistic groups with their own historical inception surrounding Sikkim and origins beyond the former Himalayan Kingdom. Apart from the [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]] population, ethnic [[Limbu people|Limbu]] and [[Bhutia]] population settled Early/Medieval Sikkim or present day political or historical Greater Sikkim and withstanding landmarks of forts and villages inhabited by the two ethnic populations in eastern, western regions of present-day Sikkim is speculated. The presence of the two populations prior to pre-monarchical Sikkim is to be further studied.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{main|History of Sikkim}}<br />
The [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]] and [[Limbu people|Limbu]] is the earliest ethnic group to have settled in [[Sikkim]]. The word <br />
Sikkim was derived from "Sukhim" in [[Limbu language]] meaning new palace. They believe they are the autochthones while others considered that they were settled by the thirteenth century, coming from the hills before the arrival of the [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] [[Bhutia]]s.<ref name=SPP>{{cite book|title=Sikkim: Past and Present |first=H.G. |last=Goshi |chapter=Chapter 3: History of Sikkim: A Himalayan Kingdom |page=60 |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2004 |isbn=81-7099-932-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L7gIVNzkN2YC}}</ref> The Bhutia who immigrated to Sikkim claimed descent from a common ancestor, a [[Kham]]pa prince or chief named Khye-bum-sar, and were divided into fourteen main families.<ref name=SGP>{{cite book|title=Sikkim: Geographical Perspectives |first=Maitreyee |last=Choudhury |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2006 |pages=25–28 |isbn=81-8324-158-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W9EwNfXkxZwC}}</ref> The [[Limbu people|Limbu]]s or the Tsongs are an ethnic Nepali [[Kirati people|Kirati]] tribe indigenous to the tract west of the [[Teesta River]] who believe they are the original inhabitants of [[Limbuwan]], a part of which is still retained in West Sikkim.<ref name=SGP/> Relations between the Lepcha and [[Tibetan people]]s began in the thirteenth century with the signing of a blood brotherhood by the Lepcha Chief Thekong Tek and the Tibetan Prince [[Khye Bumsa]] at [[Kabi Lungchok]] in north Sikkim. The Bhutias introduced [[Buddhism]] to the region. The houses in which Bhutia people live are called "Khim"<ref name=SGP/><br />
<br />
In 1642, the [[Bhutia]] established a monarchy headed by the [[Chogyal]] ({{bo|t=ཆོས་རྒྱལ་|w=chos rgyal}}; [[dual system of government|divine king]]), and opened relations with Tibet.<ref name=SPP/> By the founding of the Bhutia monarchy, Tibetan sources considered Tibetans (Bhutia), [[Lepcha people|Lepchas]], and [[Limbu people|Limbu]] to be the "original races of the kingdom."<ref name=SGP/> Around 1819, the Lepchas were still the most numerous population, comprising roughly half of all Sikkimese, followed by Bhutias (30%) and [[Limbu people|Limbus]] (20%); sources disagree on whether the Bhutias outnumbered the [[Limbu people|Limbu]] or vice versa, but in any event, the [[Limbu people|Limbu]] frequently intermarried with the Lepcha.<ref name=SGP/> Throughout the nineteenth century, further groups of Tibetans known as ''Rui-chhung'' ("little families") migrated to Sikkim under British rule.<ref name=SGP/><br />
<br />
Nepalese tribes/castes like [[Magars|Mangars]], [[Rai people|Rais]], [[Tamang people|Tamangs]], [[Gurungs]], [[Khas people|Khas]] etc., also deserve special mention in view of the ethno-political scenario of Sikkim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/158/1/Encyclopaedia%20of%20Sikkim%20vol%201.pdf|title=Encycolopedia of Sikkim Volume1 Shyamal Dutt}} ANMOL PUBLICATION PVT LTD NEW DELHI-110002 (INDIA)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/3114/1/Samten%20D%20Bhutia.pdf|title=POLITICAL PARTIES AND ETHNICITY IN SIKKIM SINCE 1975}}Dissertation submitted to Sikkim University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY</ref> <br />
In the 18th century the Gorkhali rulers and troops of Nepal conquered the western part of Sikkim and subsequently various other Nepali tribes settled there. By way of the [[Treaty of Titalia]] in 1817 between the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] and [[Sikkim]], the lands that were occupied by [[Nepal]] in earlier period were returned to Sikkim. This also brought the already settled Nepalese under Sikkim.<ref>{{Cite book | title = Society and Economy of Sikkim Under Namgyal Rulers (1640-1890) | year = 2014 | last = Gautam| first = Keshav| page = 58 }}</ref> The [[Newar people|Newars]], who are the business class of Nepali communities were brought to Sikkim by the ministers of [[Chogyal]] as they had the technology of minting coins and making [[pagoda]]-type house which were rather popular in Sikkim. They were also given permission to dig mines.<ref>{{Cite book | title = Society and Economy of Sikkim Under Namgyal Rulers (1640-1890) | year = 2014 | last = Gautam| first = Keshav| page = 6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | title = Navigating Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Contemporary India and Beyond: Structures, Agents, Practices (Anthem South Asian Studies) | year = 2014 | last = Skoda | first = Uwe | publisher = Anthem Press | isbn = 978-1783083404| page = 138 }}</ref> This community brought a number of worker and service castes like Brahmins or [[Bahun]]s, Sanyasis, barbers and artisan castes like [[Kami (caste)|Kamis]] (smiths), Damais (tailors) and Sarkis (cobblers).<ref>{{Cite book | title = Society and Economy of Sikkim Under Namgyal Rulers (1640-1890) | year = 2014 | last = Gautam| first = Keshav| page = 59 }}</ref> The Nepalese also introduced the system of [[Terrace (agriculture)|terraced cultivation]] to the hilly terrains of Sikkim which had a great impact on the cultivation of [[rice]], [[maize]] and other cash crops like [[cardamom]] and [[ginger]] bringing good revenue to the state.<ref>{{Cite book | title = Society and Economy of Sikkim Under Namgyal Rulers (1640-1890) | year = 2014 | last = Gautam| first = Keshav| page = 7 }}</ref><br />
<br />
The first census of Sikkim in 1891 showed that two-thirds of the population, 25,955 out of total 30,458 were now Nepalese.<ref>{{Cite book | title =Gazetter of Sikkim | year = 1894 | last = Risley | first = H.H. | publisher = Bengal Secretariat Press | page = 27 }}</ref> Immigration was also encouraged by colonial landlords in order to raise rents in otherwise densely forested Sikkim.<ref name=CJIS>{{cite book|work=Criminal Justice India Series |title=Sikkim |first1=N. R. Madhava |last1=Menon |editor-first1=D. |editor-last1=Banerjea |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=2005 |volume=18 |pages=5–13 |isbn=9788177648355 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=datstSvZEZIC}}</ref><ref name=Lama>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvuOKCIICMEC |title=Sikkim: Society, Polity, Economy, Environment |first=Mahendra P. |last=Lama |pages=72–75 |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=1994 |isbn=81-7387-013-6}}</ref> Thus the 18th century saw the settlement of a large number of Nepalese communities by way of conquest and migration.<ref>{{Cite book | title = Society and Economy of Sikkim Under Namgyal Rulers (1640-1890) | year = 2014 | last = Gautam| first = Keshav| page = 58 }}</ref> Discrimination between the heterogeneous Nepalese and other groups became a pressing social issue,<ref name=Lama/> however the government of the [[Chogyal]] in its later years strove to treat all subjects equally as citizens, and allowed democratic changes to move forward.<ref name=CJIS/> These democratic and demographic changes culminated in a [[plebiscite]] in 1974, resulting in union with [[India]] as a [[States of India|State]].<ref name=CJIS/> Since joining India, indigenous groups have expressed anxiety over losing land, resources and power to those they view as non-Sikkimese "far above [them] in terms of political consciousness, resource position, education and manipulative qualities."<ref name=Lama/>{{rp|79}}<br />
<br />
==Indigenous cultures==<br />
[[File:Róng manuscript.JPG|thumb|300px|[[Lepcha script|Lepcha (Róng)]] manuscript.]]<br />
The indigenous Sikkimese show wide cultural variation.<br />
<br />
The Lepcha speak [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] and use [[Lepcha script]] and the script is descended from the [[Tibetan script]].<ref name=Daniels>{{cite book|last1=Daniels |first1=Peter T. |first2=William |last2=Bright |title=The World's Writing Systems |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996}}</ref> Traditionally, Lepcha men wear ''gadas'' and tie a ''patang,'' a kind of weapon, on their waist and don a bamboo cap; women wear distinctive dresses and ornaments.<ref name=snowline>{{cite web|url=http://www.snowlinenews.com/The%20People%20of%20Sikkim-.htm |title=The Ethnic People of Sikkim: Their Lifestyles and Their Cultures |editor=Bijaya Bantawa |work=Snowline News online |date=2010-12-07 |access-date=2011-02-17}}</ref> Among Lepchas, there is a tradition of [[nuclear family]] structure and of monogamous marriage; though divorce is relatively rare, widowed persons customarily remarry.<ref name=SGP/><br />
<br />
Traditionally, the Lepcha practice a religion centered on shamans called [[Mun (religion)|mun]], who officiate ceremonies and festivals, and [[Bongthing|bóngthíng]], who are healers and are often female.<ref name=Plaisier>{{cite web|url=http://www.lepcha.info/religion.htm |title=The Lepcha religion |work=Information on Lepcha Language and Culture |author=Heleen Plaisier |date=2010-11-13 |access-date=2011-01-17}}</ref> The Lepcha converted to Buddhism in the eighteenth century, though their beliefs are largely [[syncretism|syncretic]].<ref name=Plaisier/><br />
<br />
[[Bhutia]]s speak [[Sikkimese language|Sikkimese]], which is also referred to as [[Dranjongke]], written in the [[Tibetan script]], proper. Men and women wear ''[[bakhu]]s'', while for women only this is accompanied by a ''hongu'' (blouse) around which they tie a woolen cloth around their waist called ''pangden'' if they are married.<ref name=snowline/><ref name=IM>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianmirror.com/tribes/bhutiatribes.html |title=Bhutia Tribes |work=Indian Mirror online |date=2010-12-14 |access-date=2011-02-17}}</ref> On special occasions they wear a scarf called a ''khada,'' which has become common feature in the Sikkimese society and culture even among the Nepalese of Sikkim.<ref name=snowline/> Historically, the Bhutia practiced [[polyandry]] before the nineteenth century; during the nineteenth century, wife-sharing among male siblings was also practiced, however, neither tradition survives today.<ref name=SGP/>{{rp|30}} Marriage rituals are traditionally elaborate and festive, officiated by a village chief as opposed to Buddhist lamas; late marriage and divorce are not uncommon practices among the Bhutia.<ref name=SGP/>{{rp|30}}<br />
<br />
Most Lepchas, and Bhutias today practice local forms of [[Buddhism]], incorporating aspects of [[Bön]] religion and animism, in contrast to the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] Nepalese majority.<ref name=SGP/> Followers of Buddhism in Sikkim are largely either [[Kagyudpa]] or [[Nyingma]], though a small section of Bhutias claims to adhere to Bön in particular. Since the arrival of the Nepalese and Western missionaries, few Lepchas have converted to [[Christianity]].<ref name=SGP/><br />
<br />
==Contemporary issues==<br />
{{Expand section|date=February 2011}}<br />
The Lepcha reservation in Dzongu valley of north Sikkim<ref name=telegraph>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101228/jsp/siliguri/story_13358050.jsp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203202502/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101228/jsp/siliguri/story_13358050.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |title=Royal stamp on Lepcha reserve |work=The Telegraph online |date=2010-12-28 |location=[[Gangtok]]}}</ref><ref name=Awasty>{{Cite book|last=Awasty |first=Indira |title=Between Sikkim and Bhutan - The Lepchas and Bhutias of Pedong |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |year=1978 |location=[[Delhi]] |oclc=6485607}}</ref> is threatened by [[dam]] construction.<ref name=dam>{{cite web |url=http://www.sikkimtimes.com/Columns/NHPC-is-Indias-Ugliest-Dam-Builder.html |title=India's Ugliest Dam Builder |work=Sikkim Times online |publisher=MizoramExpress |author=Heffa Schücking |year=2010 |access-date=2011-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117175516/http://www.sikkimtimes.com/Columns/NHPC-is-Indias-Ugliest-Dam-Builder.html |archive-date=17 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
The Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC), founded in 1999 is a tribal organisation that promotes the socio-politico-economic rights of the Bhutia and Lepcha people as detailed in Article 371F of the [[Indian Constitution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siblac.org/aboutus.html|title=About us|author=Sikkim Bhutia Lecha Apex Committee|access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Ajay K|last1=Mehra|title=Emerging Trends in Indian Politics: The Fifteenth General Election|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EG-vbArQhCIC&pg=RA1-PT78|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-19854-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[History of Sikkim]]<br />
**[[Rabdentse]]<br />
**[[Kabi Lungchok]]<br />
*[[Sikkimese people]]<br />
*[[List of Scheduled Tribes in India]]<br />
*[[Jhakri]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Sikkim |last= Bareh |first=Hamlet|chapter=The Sikkim Communities|year=2001 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-7099-794-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrr7HPr8NAQC}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.siblac.org/ Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee]<br />
* [http://www.actsikkim.com/ Affected Citizens of Teesta]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150801193449/http://lepcha.info/ Information on Lepcha language and culture]<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Culture of Sikkim| ]]<br />
[[Category:Tibetan culture|Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:Himalayan peoples|Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia|Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India|Sikkim]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noel_Sean&diff=522392Noel Sean2026-01-08T00:34:28Z<p>Serguty: starting basic info first draft...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian rapper, composer and film actor (born 1982)}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Noel Sean<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|11|28|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Telangana]], India)<br />
| image = Indian Rapper Noel Sean.jpg<br />
| caption = Noel in 2024<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|actor|singer|Radio Jockey}}<br />
| genre = [[Rapping]], [[Hip hop music]], [[Indie music]]<br />
| instrument = Vocals<br />
| years_active = 2006–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Ester Noronha]]<ref name="Year"/>|2019|reason=div|2020}}<ref name="Div">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/wish-you-the-best-writes-noel-sean-after-divorce-from-ester-noronha-2288735 |title="Wish You the Best," Writes Noel Sean After Divorce from Ester Noronha |date=September 2020 |access-date=2022-07-11 |archive-date=2022-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711072846/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/wish-you-the-best-writes-noel-sean-after-divorce-from-ester-noronha-2288735 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Noel Sean''' (born 28 November 1982) is an Indian rapper and actor working in the [[Telugu cinema]] and Telugu music. An actor, [[music producer]], [[television host]], [[Radio Jockey]], [[lyricist]] and [[composer]]. In 2020, he participated in a Telugu [[reality TV]] show [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)|''Bigg Boss 4'']] as contestant.<ref>{{cite web |title=Noel Sean is doing it all Entertainment |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141121/entertainment-tollywood/article/noel-sean-doing-it-all |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=22 November 2014 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=22 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4: Noel Sean becomes the new captain of the house |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-noel-sean-becomes-the-new-captain-of-the-house/articleshow/78194296.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=18 September 2020 |access-date=18 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Exclusive: Actor, rapper Noel Sean on his OTT release Money She, new music video |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-actor-rapper-noel-sean-on-his-ott-release-money-she-new-music-video/920 |website=www.ottplay.com |publisher=OTT play |access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early and personal life==<br />
Noel was born on 28 November 1982 in [[Hyderabad]] to Samuel and Sarah. He has three siblings. Noel went on to pursue the Bachelor of Fine arts in SVCFA and became a web designer successfully. He worked for [[Cognizant]] as a trainee until he joined the film industry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Telugu Rappers Are On The Rise: From Roll Rida And Noel Noel To Godf4ther And Z Young |url=https://telanganatoday.com/telugu-rappers-are-on-the-rise-from-roll-rida-and-noel-sean-to-godf4ther-and-z-young-rap-viplavam |website=telanganatoday.com |date=9 July 2023 |publisher=Telangana Today |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref> Noel married Indian actress [[Ester Noronha]] in January 2019 after being engaged for a year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/from-being-engaged-for-a-year-to-calling-it-quits-after-a-year-of-separation-a-look-back-at-noel-and-esters-journey-to-divorce/photostory/77869032.cms|title=From being engaged for a year to calling it quits after a year of separation: A look back at Noel and Ester's journey to divorce|date=1 September 2020|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="Year">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2019 |title=Noel Sean and Ester Noronha tie the knot |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/070119/noel-sean-and-ester-noronha-tie-the-knot.html |access-date=28 December 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> On 31 October 2020, they made it public on social media that they had been officially divorced after being separated for a year.<ref name="Div"/><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
He made his first appearance on screen in ''[[Sambhavami Yuge Yuge (2006 film)|Sambhavami Yuge Yuge]],'' during which he met [[Krishna (director)|Krishna]], who later introduced Noel to the [[music director]] [[M. M. Keeravani]]. The latter gave him the first break as a [[Rapper]] in the [[Telugu movie]] ''[[Vikramarkudu]]'' directed by [[S. S. Rajamouli]].<ref name="Div"/><br />
<br />
In 2007, he appeared with [[Charmy Kaur]] in ''[[Mantra]].''<br />
<br />
In 2015, he played ''[[Kumari 21F]]'' (the role of Shankar, the [[antagonist]]). He was debuted the lead actor in ''[[Naanna Nenu Naa Boyfriends]]'' opposite [[Hebah Patel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title='Kumari 21F' review: The film is surprisingly good though it takes time to settle down|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kumari-21f-review-the-film-is-surprisingly-good-though-it-takes-time-to-settle-down-1166932.html|access-date=2020-09-11|website=News18|date=21 November 2015}}</ref> In 2020 Sean participated in the Telugu reality TV show [[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)|''Bigg Boss 4'']] hosted by Nagarjuna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telegu 4 contestant Akhil Sarthak breaks down while talking about his family to Noel Sean |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/bigg-boss-telegu-4-contestant-akhil-sarthak-breaks-down-while-talking-about-his-family-to-noel-sean/651030 |website=zoomtventertainment.com |date=11 September 2020 |publisher=Zoom Tv |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rapper Noel Sean takes up Green India Challenge |url=https://telanganatoday.com/rapper-noel-sean-takes-up-green-india-challenge |website=telanganatoday.com |date=3 January 2021 |publisher=Telangana Today |access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bigg Boss' Telugu 4: Noel Sean opts out due to health reasons |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/bigg-boss-telugu-4-noel-sean-opts-out-due-health-reasons-136678 |website=www.thenewsminute.com |date=2 November 2020 |access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Music ===<br />
Noel has produced several independent songs and released them on his official YouTube channel. He collaborated with lyricist [[Ananta Sriram]] and singers [[Ramya Behara]].<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
! scope="col" |Year<br />
! scope="col" |Title<br />
! scope="col" |Role<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2006<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Sambhavami Yuge Yuge (2006 film)|Sambhavami Yuge Yuge]]''<br />
|Teasing Rapper<br />
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiHLQTwemvc&pp=ygUbU2FtYmhhdmFtaSB5dWdlIHl1Z2UgdGVsdWd1&t=955s | title=Sambhavami Yuge Yuge Telugu Full Length Movie &#124;&#124; Anji, Koutilya | website=[[YouTube]] | date=28 November 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Veedhi]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
! scope="row" | [[Mantra (2007 film)|''Mantra'']]<br />
|Rapper<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
! scope="row" | [[Nenu Meeku Telusa?|''Nenu Meeku Telusa'']]<br />
|Adithya's friend<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"|2009<br />
! scope="row" | [[Indumathi (film)|''Indumathi'']]<br />
| Sheshi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | [[Sasirekha Parinayam (film)|''Sasirekha Parinayam'']]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Magadheera]]''<br />
|Jayram<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Pravarakhyudu]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2012<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Eega]]''<br />
| Nani's friend<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | [[Rey (film)|''Rey'']]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"|2015<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Ladies & Gentlemen (2015 film)|Ladies & Gentlemen]]''<br />
|Himself<br />
|Special appearance<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Gaddam Gang]]''<br />
|Dharmaraju's son<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Kumari 21F]]''<br />
| Shankar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Nannaku Prematho]]''<br />
| Noel<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"| 2016<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Guppedantha Prema]]''<br />
| Abhi <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Premam (2016 film)|Premam]]''<br />
| Arjun<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Nanna Nenu Naa Boyfriends]]''<br />
| Gokul<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
! scope="row" | ''Raja Meeru Keka''<br />
| Shashank<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5"| 2018<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Rangasthalam]]''<br />
| Erra Srinu<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Vijetha (2018 film)|Vijetha]]''<br />
| Ram's friend<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Hello Guru Prema Kosame]]''<br />
| Karthik<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Padi Padi Leche Manasu]]''<br />
| Shravan<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''Enduko Emo''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Valayam (film)|Valayam]]''<br />
|Siddharth aka Chinna<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
! scope="row" |''Money She''<br />
| Chandu<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
!scope="row" | ''[[Godse (film)|Godse]]''<br />
|Raghava<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Rangabali (film)|Rangabali]]''<br />
| College Senior<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2024<br />
! scope="row" |[[14 (film)|''14'']]<br />
|Surya<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Bahirbhoomi]]''<br />
|Krishna<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-29 |title=Bahirbhoomi to release on October 4 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bahirbhoomi-to-release-on-october-4-1827036 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=14 Movie Review: ప్రేక్షకులను ఎంగేజ్ చేసే రొమాంటిక్ క్రైం థ్రిల్లర్ '14' మూవీ.. |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/no-rev/14-tollywood-movie-review-and-rating-public-talk-here-are-the-details-ta-146922 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Pottel]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Network<br />
!Ref(s)<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Telugu L'il Champs]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Host<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Gemini TV]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
|''Super Kutumbam''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|''Cash S1''<br />
|Participant<br />
|[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''[[Tollywood Squares]]''<br />
|Contestant<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Star Maa]]<br />
|Episode 24<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 3)|''Bigg Boss 3'']]<br />
|Guest<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4 contestant Noel Sean: From managing MM Keeravani's audio label to radio jockeying, all you need to know about this multi-talented artiste |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-contestant-noel-sean-from-managing-mm-keeravanis-audio-label-to-radio-jockeying-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-multi-talented-artiste/articleshow/77947851.cms|access-date=2020-09-11|website=The Times of India|date=6 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''Bigg Boss Buzzz''<br />
|Guest<br />
|Star Maa Music<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''Game''<br />
|Rahul<br />
|[[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama]]<br />
|1 season, 6 episodes<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Kumari Srimathi]]''<br />
|Nani's colleague<br />
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss 9]]''<br />
|Guest<br />
|Star Maa<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
<br />
===Film songs===<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
*''[[Vikramarkudu]]'' - 2006 <br />
*''[[Chandamama (2007 film)|Chandamama]]'' - 2007<br />
*''[[Mantra (2007 film)|Mantra]]'' - 2007 <br />
*''[[Victory (2008 film)|Victory]]'' - 2008 <br />
*''[[Andamaina Manasulo]]'' - 2008<br />
*''[[Vishaka Express]]'' - 2008 <br />
*''[[Krishnarjuna]]'' - 2008 <br />
*''[[Premabhishekam (2008 film)|Premabhishekam]]'' - 2008 <br />
*''Kadhalna Summa Illai'' - 2009 (Tamil)<br />
*''[[Indumathi (film)|Indumathi]]'' - 2009<br />
*''[[Life Style (film)|Life Style]]'' - 2009 <br />
*''Ooha Chitram'' - 2009 <br />
*''[[Seetharamula Kalyanam]]'' - 2010 <br />
*''[[Rama Rama Krishna Krishna]]'' - 2010 <br />
*''[[Andari Bandhuvaya]]'' - 2010 <br />
*''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (2011 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]'' - 2011 <br />
*''[[Babloo]]'' - 2011 <br />
*''[[Vykuntapali]]'' - 2011 <br />
*''[[Lovely (2012 film)|Lovely]]'' - 2012 <br />
*''[[All the Best (film)|All The Best]]'' - 2012 <br />
*''[[Poola Rangadu (2012 film)|Poola Rangadu]]'' - 2012 <br />
*''[[Disco (2012 film)|Disco]]'' - 2012 <br />
*''[[Gaddam Gang]]'' - 2015<br />
*''[[Rey (film)|Rey]]'' - 2015 <br />
*''[[Krishnashtami]]'' - 2016 <br />
*''O Manasa'' - 2016<br />
*''[[Jai Simha]]'' - 2018 <br />
{{Colend}}<br />
<br />
===Non-film songs===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
! scope="col"|Year<br />
! scope="col"|Song<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
!scope="row"| BGOTN (Christian Devotional Album)<ref>{{cite web |title=Noel Sean |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/0zdnUAZHhPa4ZgxEhovTSN/discography/all |website=spotify.com |publisher=Spotify}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
!scope="row"| Luv Fever (single)<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
!scope="row"| Baahubali tribute song<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
!scope="row"| Baha Kiliki (Featuring [[Smita]])<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
!scope="row"| Bhimavaram Beat (single)<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
!scope="row"| Maayee (single)<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
!scope="row"| Bum Chiki Bum Bum ([[Kumari 21F]] Tribute)<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
!scope="row"| Happy Mother's Day Mommy (single)<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
!scope="row"| Maakkikirkiri (Featuring [[Rahul Sipligunj]])<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
!scope="row"| Salaam India (by The Shake Group)<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
!scope="row"| Dabbulu Chalatle (by The Shake Group)<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
!scope="row"| Despacito Telugu Cover (Single featuring [[Ester Noronha]])<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
!scope="row"| Despacito Konkani Cover (Featuring [[Ester Noronha]])<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
!scope="row"| Baby (Featuring [[Ester Noronha]])<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
!scope="row"| Delivery Boy Telugu Rap Song<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
!scope="row"| Hustler Telugu Rap Song<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
!scope="row"| Marade Marade Telugu Song<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
!scope="row"| Echipaadd (Featuring Alekhya Harika)<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
!scope="row"| Jai Balayya Cult Fan Anthem<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
!scope="row"| Thandri Deva Christian Devotional Song<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
!scope="row"| Kraisthava Christian Devotional Song<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
!scope="row"| OG x Masaka Masaka (Featuring [[Smita]])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|6252875}}<br />
*{{Facebook|Noelseanofficial|Noel Sean}}<br />
*{{Instagram|id=mr.noelsean}}<br />
* {{Twitter|mrnoelsean}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sean, Noel}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu television anchors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:1982 births]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saraswati_Saha&diff=446970Saraswati Saha2025-12-25T10:34:06Z<p>Serguty: minor changes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian sprinter (born 1979)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Saraswati Saha<br />
| fullname = Saraswati Dey-Saha<br />
| sport = [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]<br />
| event = [[100 m]], [[200 m]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|11|23}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Chittamara, Belonia|Chittamara]], [[Tripura]], India<br />
| height = 1.54 m<br />
| pb = ''[[100 m]]'': 11.40 (2000)<br> ''[[200 m]]'': 22.82 '''{{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}}''' (2002)<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2002 Asian Games|2002 Busan]]|[[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 200 metres|200 m]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[1998 Asian Athletics Championships|1998 Fukuoka]]|[[1998 Asian Athletics Championships#Women|4×100m]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships|2000 Jakarta]]|[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4×100m]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships|2000 Jakarta]]|[[2000 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres|100 m]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Saraswati Dey-Saha''' (born 23 November 1979) is an Indian former [[sprint (running)|sprint]]er. She is the first Indian woman to break 23-second barrier in [[200 metres|200 m]] and holds the current [[List of Indian records in athletics|national record]] of 22.82 seconds set in [[Ludhiana]] in 2002.<ref name="afio">{{cite web |title=Official Website of Athletics Federation of India: NATIONAL RECORDS as on 21.3.2009 |url=http://www.indianathletics.org/isr.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174209/http://indianathletics.org/isr.php |archive-date=2009-08-05 |access-date=2009-09-02 |publisher=Athletics Federation of INDIA}}</ref><ref name="hindu_aug02">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2002/08/29/stories/2002082905962100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106233236/http://www.hindu.com/2002/08/29/stories/2002082905962100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-06|title=Saraswati breaks 23-second barrier|date=2002-08-29|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2009-10-03}}</ref> The highlight of her career was the [[Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 200 metres|200 m gold medal]] she won at the [[2002 Asian Games]].<ref name="ie_oct02">{{cite news|url=http://www.indiaexpress.com/news/sports/20021010-0.html|title=Saraswati Saha, Neelam J Singh win gold|date=2002-10-10|publisher=indiaexpress.com|access-date=2009-10-03|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605125255/http://www.indiaexpress.com/news/sports/20021010-0.html|archive-date=2011-06-05}}</ref> Saraswati was honored with the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2002.<ref name="arjuna">{{cite web |title=Arjuna Awardees |url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm |archive-date=2007-12-25 |access-date=2009-09-03 |publisher=[[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Saraswati represented India in 4 x 100 metres relay together with P. T. Usha, E. B. Shyla, and Rachita at the 1998 Asian Championships in Athletics where her team won the gold medal on way to setting the current national record of 44.43 s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vijaykumar|first=C.N.R|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/1998/dec/15e.htm|title=After the feast, the famine|work=www.rediff.com|date=1998-12-15|accessdate=2009-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianathletics.in/records/Records%20seniors%20(As%20on%2031.12.2011).pdf|title=National records|publisher=ATHLETICS FEDERATION of INDIA|date=2011-12-31|accessdate=2013-08-17}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Later in the 4 x 100 metres relay at [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Sydney Olympics]] her team - consisting of V. Jayalakshmi, Vinita Tripathi, and Rachita Mistry - clocked a time of 45.20 s in the first round. The team finished last in their heats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.iaaf.org/OLY00/results/index.asp |title=Sydney2000 Results: Official Results - 4 X 100 METRES - Women - Round 1 |publisher=[[International Association of Athletics Federations|IAAF]] |accessdate=2009-10-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916214229/http://www2.iaaf.org/OLY00/results/index.asp |archivedate=2009-09-16 }}</ref><ref name="srllc">{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mi/rachita-mistry-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418031557/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mi/rachita-mistry-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-04-18|title=Rachita Mistry - Biography and Olympics results|publisher= Sports Reference LLC|accessdate=2009-09-05}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> She also represented India in the women's 200 m event at the [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Athens Olympics]].<br />
<br />
Saraswati quit competitive athletics in July 2006 owing to the injury to her Achilles tendon, occurred after the [[2002 Asian Games|Busan Asian Games]].<ref name="ie_aug06">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/saraswati-calls-it-quits/9738/#|title=Saraswati calls it quits|date=2006-08-01|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2009-10-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{sports links}}<br />
* {{ Cite sports-reference |title = Saraswati Saha |url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/de/saraswati-dey-saha-1.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418031608/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/de/saraswati-dey-saha-1.html |url-status = dead |archive-date = 18 April 2020 |access-date = 9 September 2013 }}<br />
<br />
{{Asian Games Champions Athletics 200 m Women}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saha, Saraswati}}<br />
[[Category:1979 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes from Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women sprinters]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2002 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic women sprinters]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships winners]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br />
<br />
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagarana&diff=505103Jagarana2025-12-20T07:30:31Z<p>Serguty: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Hindu ritual}}<br />
{{for|the Hindi newspaper|Dainik Jagran}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
[[File:Jagrata.JPG|thumb|right|180px|A jagran in honour of a [[Devi]], a Hindu goddess.]]<br />
<br />
'''Jagarana''' ({{Langx|sa|जागरण|translit=Jāgaraṇa}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Monier |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.granth.89766 |title=Religious Thoughts and Life in India: An Account of the Religions of the Indian Peoples, based on a Life's Study of their Literature and on Personal Investigations in their own Country, Part I.- Vedism, Brahmanism and Hinduism |date=1883 |publisher=John Murray (London) |pages=426}}</ref> also rendered '''Jagran''', '''Jagarata''' ({{Langx|sa|जगराता|translit=Jagarātā}}), and '''Jaga''' is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] ritual, practised across India. It comprises the performance of all-night vigils,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pintchman |first=Tracy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KcEotmV2MAC&dq=jagarana+vigil&pg=PA24 |title=Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares |date=2005-08-25 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-6595-0 |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref> as well as [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]], songs, and dances for the veneration of a deity. A jagarana is generally performed for the veneration of [[Devi|Hindu goddesses]], major deities such as [[Shiva]] and [[Krishna]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bryant |first=Edwin F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRtREAAAQBAJ&dq=jagarana+vigil&pg=PA538 |title=Krishna: A Sourcebook |date=2007-06-18 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-028756-6 |pages=538 |language=en}}</ref> as well as various folk deities like [[Khandoba]]<ref name="BarzTheil-Horstmann1989">{{cite book|author1=Richard Keith Barz|author2=Monika Thiel-Horstmann|authorlink2=Monika Boehm-Tettelbach|title=Living Texts from India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oU8OKWe9-isC&pg=PA46|year=1989|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-02967-4|page=46}}</ref> and [[Devnarayan]].<ref name="ClausDiamond2003">{{cite book|author1=Peter J. Claus|author2=Sarah Diamond|author3=Margaret Ann Mills|title=South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC&pg=PA146|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93919-5|page=146}}</ref> Devotees worship the deity throughout the night by singing [[bhajan]]s, performing [[aarti|arati]], and listening to legends of the deity.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Scott|first=Jamie S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LziWAwAAQBAJ&dq=jagran+ritual&pg=PA242|title=The Religions of Canadians|date=2012-03-15|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-0518-3|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Worship in Hinduism}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu prayer and meditation]]<br />
[[Category:Shaktism]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Hinduism-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=East-West_Industrial_Corridor_Highway,_Arunachal_Pradesh&diff=455021East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh2025-12-19T02:32:30Z<p>Serguty: enhanced information additionally and cleaned formatting for consistency</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br />
{{infobox road<br />
|header_type=UC<br />
|country=IND<br />
|name = East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh<br />
|map= <br />
|map_notes=<br />
|length_km= <br />
|direction_a= West<br />
|direction_b= East<br />
|terminus_a= [[Bhairabkunda]] in [[Udalguri district]] in [[Assam]]<br />
|junction=<br />
|terminus_b= [[Ruksin]] in [[East Siang district]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
|formed=<br />
|history=<br />
|states= [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]]<br />
|cities=[[Bhairabkunda]], [[Ruksin]]<br />
|maint=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''East-West Industrial Corridor Highway of Arunachal Pradesh''', a 2-lane and 966.78 km long including existing 274.20 km Pasighat-Manmao route, is a proposed highway across the lower foothills of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state in [[India]], from [[Bhairabkunda]] in [[Assam]] at the tri-junction of [[Bhutan]]-[[Assam]]-Arunachal Pradesh in the west to the [[Kanubari]] tri-junction of [[Nagaland]]-Assam-Arunachal Pradesh in the east.<ref name=up1>[https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/roadways/arunachal-pradesh-to-soon-take-up-east-west-industrial-corridor-highway-project-with-centre-details/2207024/ Arunachal Pradesh to soon take up East-West Industrial Corridor Highway project with Centre; details], Financial Express, March 05 2021.</ref><ref name=BR2/><ref name=BR7>{{cite web|title=Narendra Modi government to provide funds for restoration of damaged highways |url= http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-narendra-modi-government-to-provide-funds-for-restoration-of-damaged-highways-2020106|work=dnaindia.com|accessdate=27 October 2014}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
<br />
The [[Government of Arunachal Pradesh]] (GoAP) is responsible for preparing DPR which has planning, survey, environmental and land acquisition approvals as prerequisites. Once DPR is ready, these projects are granted approval by the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]] (MoRTH). Some of these projects subsume the existing or under-construction roads constructed by [[Border Roads Organisation|BRO]], [[National Highways Authority of India|NHAI]], [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]] (MoPSW), [[Central Public Works Department|CPWD]] and other states of India or other nations. Hence, right from the inception, these projects require GoAP to facilitate coordinated efforts of multiple entities including MoRTH, NHAI, MoPSW, MoDNER, CPWD, state PWDs, BRO, [[Ministry of Defence (India)|MoD]], [[National Security Advisor (India)|NSA]], [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] (MoEA), and [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] (MoEFCC). [[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]]-led [[Government of India]] (GoI) and GoAP were trying to expedite some of these projects.<ref name=BR>{{cite web|title=Top officials to meet to expedite road building along China border|url=http://www.ipanewspack.com/defence/top-officials-to-meet-to-expedite-road-building-along-china-border/|work=|publisher=ipanewspack.com|accessdate=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023053956/http://www.ipanewspack.com/defence/top-officials-to-meet-to-expedite-road-building-along-china-border/|archive-date=23 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since some these are constructed by BRO, once the paved basic road has been constructed by BRO ideally these should be handed over to NHAI and state PWDs (with the status of NH and SH accessible to [[civilian]]s) so that BRO can focus on its core activity of building newer strategic border roads in the inaccessible areas. This is not done always due to turf war by BRO and poor efforts (poor justification to MoD and poor overall coordination) by the concerned state govt, resulting in lack of connectivity optimisation and poor collective [[Return on investment|ROI]] for India. Hence, persistent efforts by GoAP and firm backing by GoI are key to success, timely completion and maximisation of ROI of these projects.<br />
<br />
===Important road projects of Arunachal Pradesh ===<br />
<br />
These major highways, spanning across the entire length of Arunachal Pradesh, are key to Arunachal Pradesh's development, India's national security and international [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region#Northeast India connectivity projects|Look East connectivity]].<ref name=kn1>[https://www.northeasttoday.in/arunachal-dy-cm-lays-foundation-stone-of-bridge-over-bari-river/ Arunachal Dy CM Lays Foundation Stone of Bridge over Bari River], North East Today, 11 Dec 2017.</ref> <br />
<br />
* East-West Industrial Corridor Highway (this project): <br>Proposed highway which runs long foothills of Himalaya in lower in Arunachal Pradesh. As of 2021, some phases are under survey and DPR while others are yet to be planned or surveyed.<br />
<br />
* [[Trans-Arunachal Highway]]: <br>Partially existing highway which roughly divides Arunachal Pradesh in upper two-third and lower one-third portions. As of 2021, some phases are under survey and DPR while others are yet to be planned or surveyed.<br />
<br />
* [[Arunachal Central Highway]]:<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> <br>Partially existing highway which roughly divides Arunachal Pradesh in two equal halves. Parts of its alignment could be taken from the [[India-China Border Roads]] (ICBR) being constructed by BRO. As of 2021, there were no media reports of any integrated planning or surveys by GoAP except the ICBR projects being undertaken by the BRO in an isolated manner. <br>It runs from [[Radi, Bhutan|Radi]] (in Bhutan, existing highway from Radi connects to Silliguri Corridor via [[Trashigang]]) to [[Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary|Sakteng]] Arunachal-Bhutan border (greenfield route), <br>Sakteng-[[Lubrang]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-[[Dirang]] direct alignment (partially greenfield), Dirang-[[Khenewa]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> HQ (greenfield, via [[Thembang]]-[[Khoina]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-[[Nafra]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->(circle HQ)-[[Koyo, Arunachal|Koyo]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-[[Barmeng]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->HQ), <br>Khenewa-[[Yangfo]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-[[Koloriang]] (upgrade existing, some ICBRs, with additional Yangfo-[[Zero Point, Arunachal|Zero Point]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> partially greenfield spur), <br>Koloriang-[[Tato, Arunachal Pradesh|Tato]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> (greenfield, some ICBRs, Tato is HQ of [[Shi Yomi district]]), <br>Tato-[[Payum]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-[[Yingkong]]HQ-[[Mariyang]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> (existing Tato-Payum, greenfield Payum-[[Gashing, Arunachal|Gashing]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-[[Jengging]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->, Jengging-Yingking-Mariyang (existing), <br>Mariyang-[[Etalin]] (direct greenfield alignment, from Mariyang or Damro-Boga-Lasing then to [[Awoka]]-[[Atiyi]]-Etalin HQ), <br>Etalin-Apanli-[[Fishtail-II]]-[[Changlagam]]/[[Desali]] (upgrade of existing village road west-to-east Etain-[[Anose]]-Sunil-[[Apanli]]-[[Malinye]]-[[Chibuni]] to east of Chibuni at confluence of river, at confluence turn south and go on top of western-most spur of Fishtail-II ridge were river originates, 2 spur roads from Fishtail ridge top - one over the ridge to southwest to Desali HQ to [[National Highway 313 (India)|NH-313]] and second spur from ridge top to southeast to Changlagam HQ along the river, build road in interim and all-weather tunnel as long-term connectivity), <br>Changlagam-[[Chirang district|Chirang]]-[[Walong]] (greenfield), Walong-[[Krosam]] (existing), Krosam-Namdapha Camp (greenfield), to Longyi. <br />
<br />
* [[Arunachal Frontier Highway]]: <br>Proposed highway which runs long and as close as possible to the India-China [[Line of Actual Control|LAC]]. Parts of its alignment could be taken from the ICBR being constructed by BRO. As of 2021, there were no media reports of any integrated planning or surveys by Arunachal Pradesh government except the ICBR projects being undertaken by the BRO in an isolated manner.<br />
<br />
===Related connectivity===<br />
<br />
Following either intersect with or synergetically enhance the wider connectivity of this highway.<br />
<br />
* Arunachal Pradesh connectivity projects<br />
** [[Tawang#TR|Bhalukpong-Tawang railway]], under-construction <br />
<br />
* Northeast connectivity projects<br />
** [[Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region#Projects|Northeast Connectivity projects]]<br />
** [[India–Myanmar_barrier#Look-East_Connectivity|Look-East Connectivity projects]]<br />
** [[North-South and East-West Corridor]]<br />
** [[Burma–India relations#India-Myanmar-Thailand Friendship Highway|India-Myanmar-Thailand Friendship Highway]]<br />
** [[Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation#BCIM Economic Corridor|BCIM Economic Corridor]]<ref name=BR4>{{cite web|title=Why India is planning a new road near the China border|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29639950|author=Subir Bhaumik|work=bbc.com|accessdate=27 October 2014}}</ref> The proposed East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh and the Arunachal Frontier Highway would be connected to the BCIM Economic Corridor Highway.<ref name=BR1>{{cite web|title=Top officials to meet to expedite road building along China border|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Top-officials-to-meet-to-expedite-road-building-along-China-border/articleshow/44831871.cms|work=Dipak Kumar Dash|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|accessdate=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=BR7/><br />
** [[Asian Highway Network]]<br />
** [[Brahmaputra_River#Bridges|List of bridges on Brahmaputra River]]<br />
<br />
==Route alignment==<br />
<br />
Running through the foothills across at least 12 districts of Arunachal Pradesh, it will serve as an industrial corridor for the people residing in the area.<ref name=BR2>{{cite web |url= http://www.livemint.com/Politics/nqEwdXxkIgrSHPpTSzsFRN/Govt-planning-road-along-McMohan-line-in-Arunachal-Pradesh.html |title= Govt planning road along McMohan line in Arunachal Pradesh: Kiren Rijiju |publisher= Live Mint |accessdate= 2014-10-26}}</ref><ref name=up1/> The 692.58 km will be constructed in phase I and II,<ref name=up1/> and remaining in phase III and IV as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''Phase-I: Pasighat-Naharlagun-Seijosa-Bhalukpong-Bhairabkunda''' <br>545.45 km long Phase-1 has been subdivided into following 4 packages:<ref name=up1/><br />
<br />
** '''Package-1: Pasighat-Naharlagun''' <br>308.45 km long from Pasighat to [[Naharlagun]].<br />
<br />
** '''Package-2A: Naharlagun-Seijosa''' <br>101.70 km long from Naharlagun to [[Seijosa]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> in the [[Pakke-Kessang district]].<br />
<br />
** '''Package-2B: Seijosa to Bhalukpong''' <br>39.84 km long from Seijosa to [[Bhalukpong]].<br />
<br />
** '''Package-2C: Bhalukpong-Bhairabkund''' <br>95.46 km long from Bhalukpong to Bhairabkund which lies partially across [[West Kameng district]] of Arunachal Pradesh and [[Udalguri district]] of Assam.<br />
<br />
* '''Phase-II: [[Manmao]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-Khonsa-Longding-[[Kanubari]]''' <br>147.13 km long from Tirap Gate at Manmao ([[Changlang district]]) to Kanubari ([[Longding district]]) via [[Khonsa]] ([[Tirap district]]) - [[Longding]] ([[Longding district]]).<ref name=up1/><br />
<br />
* '''Phase-III: Wakro-Namdhapa-[[Miao, Arunachal Pradesh|Miao]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-[[Maithong]]-[[Kharsang]]-[[Nampong]]''' <br>Though there is an existing longer alternate 274.20 km long detour of NH standard highways from Pasighat in [[East Siang district]] to Manmao in [[Changlang district]], most of this falls outside Arunachal Paradesh. The proposed shorter direct route within Arunachal Pradesh has been subdivided as follows.<br />
<br />
** '''Package-3A: Wakro-[[Camp Namdhapa]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-Miao-[[Maithong]]''' <br>Upgrade of existing route to NH standard, requires greenfield bridge over [[Dihing River|Noadhiang River]] at Miao.<br />
<br />
** '''Package-3B: Maithong-[[Kharsang]]''' <br>Upgrade of existing route to NH standard, part of which is already of NH standard.<br />
<br />
** '''Package-3C: Maithong-Nayang-[[New Khamlang]]-[[Khamkai]]-[[Nampong]]''' <br>Upgrade of existing village road along upper course of [[Namphuk river]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> on its western side via [[Nayang, Arunachal|Nayang]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> to [[National Highway 315 (India)|NH-315]].<br />
<br />
{{anchor | Sadiya bridge | Sille-Oyan bridge | Sadiya to Sille-Oyan bridge}}<br />
* '''Phase-IV: Sadiya Sille-Oyan Bridge ([[Sille-Oyan]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. -->-[[Chilling Madhupur]]-[[Sadia]] new bridge over [[Brahmputra]] river)-[[Bhupen Hazarika Bridge]] (link existing bridge via Na Gaon-Disai Nadiyal)-Alubari bridge (upgrade existing bridge to 2-lane from Tezu check post to Chongkham):''' <br> To bring down existing 180 km Sille-Oyan to Sadiya distance to a mere 40 km (140 km reduction), requires greenfield [[Sadiya Sille-Oyan bridge]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> and greenfield road from Sille-Oyan at [[National Highway 515 (India)|NH-515]] to [[Na-Gaon]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> and [[Dhoom Pathar]]<!-- As per wikiguidelines, retain redlink to encourage its creation of article. --> at [[National Highway 115 (India)|NH-115]] as well as the conversion/notification of existing [[National Highway 13 (India)|NH-13]] to [[National Highway 15 (India)|NH-15]] link road at [[Chongkham]] in Arunachal Pradesh to NH. Sille-Oyan is a circle H in [[East Siang district]] of Arunachal, Chilling Madhupur and Sadiya are in [[Tinsukia district]] of Assam, Sadiya is an important port town at the northern beginning of [[National Waterway 2]] (NW2). This route will significantly shorten the distance in northern Assam and eastern Arunachal Pradesh ion this strategically important bottle neck area which also has an important port at NW2.<br />
<br />
* '''Phase-V - eastern extension: connectivity from east Assam to southeast Arunachal Pradesh (Nampong, Vijoynagar and Dong-Walong-Kibithu)'''<br />
<br />
** '''Phase-V(a): [[Bhupen Hazarika Bridge]]-[[Bordumsa]]- Kharsang-[[Jairampur]]''' <br>It will provide direct connectivity from Sadiya to Nampong by directly connecting [[National Highway 15 (India)|NH-15]], [[National Highway 215 (India)|NH-215]] and [[National Highway 315 (India)|NH-315]] through a shorter route.<br />
<br />
** '''Phase-V(b): [[Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh|Namsai]]-[[Namleng]]-[[Diyun]]-Camp Namdhapa with new bridge near Namleng''' <br>It will provide direct connectivity from Namsai to Vijaynagar, also connect Namleng to Bordumsa by new greenfield bridge.<br />
<br />
** '''Phase-V(c): Bordumsa-Namleng-Wakro direct route with new bridge near Namleng''' <br>It will provide direct & shortest connectivity from Bordumsa to Wakro, it requires a new greenfield bridge between Bordumsa and Namleng (bridge also included in Phase-V(b)).<br />
<br />
** '''Phase-V(d): Nampong-Kamkhai-along [[Namphuk river]] ([[Changlai]] & [[Korviwa]])-new bridge on Nao Dihing river ([[Yapawphum]] or Lake view to 64 mile)-Tusar Valley (along [[Namdapha river]])-[[Krosam]] (tunnel between Tusar Valley & Krosam) direct route''' <br>It will provide direct & shortest connectivity from Tizit-Longding-Khonsa-Nampong to Vijoynagar and [[Walong]]-[[Dong, Arunachal Pradesh|Dong]]-[[Kibithu]].<br />
<br />
==Future expansion for wider national connectivity ==<br />
<br />
* '''Phase-VI - central Assam extension: connectivity between southeastern Arunachal Pradesh to central Assam ([[Sivasagar]])'''<br />
<br />
** '''Phase-VI(a) - Sivasagar (& beyond to [[Gogamukh]]-Daporijo)''' <br>From [[Longding]]-[[Tizit]]-[[Longlem]]-[[Bokopukhuri]] greenfield shortest route and the upgrade of remaining [[Simaluguri]]-Sivasagar-[[Brahmaputra River#Bridge|Disangmukh bridge]](Sivasagar-Gogamukh bridge) stretch.<br />
<br />
* '''Phase-VII - western extension: connectivity between southeastern Arunachal Pradesh to Pakistan via Assam, chicken-neck [[Siliguri Corridor]], northern [[West Bengal]], chicken-neck [[Siliguri Corridor]]-[[Ludhiana]] expressway (already included in the Bharatmala-II plan, along [[India-Nepal border]] (north [[Bihar]] & north [[Uttar Pradesh]]), northeast [[Haryana]] and north [[Punjab]]).''' <br>It requires upgrading existing and building new greenfield highways for the missing direct links. Will also enhance connectivity for [[Sikkim]], [[Uttrakhand]], [[Chandigarh]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Route alignment is from:<br />
<br />
** Assam<br />
*** Bhairabkunda to [[Udiagiri]]-Balisitha-Khatorbari (upgrade), <br />
<br />
*** Shahpur-Kumarikata-Subankhata-Doomni-Manas-Gobardhan-[[Borgaon]]-[[Ouguri]]-[[Hatidhura]]-SankosTeaGarden-[[Hasimara]]-[[Nagrakata]]<br />
<br />
** [[Silliguri-Gurdaspur Expressway]] ([[Sevoke]]-[[Kurseong]] to [[Dasuya]]-[[Mukerian]]-[[Gurdaspur]]-[[Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir|Naushera]]), included in [[Bharatmala]]-II.<!--IMOORTANT: Retain here new article on Siliguri-Gurdaspur Expressway article is created. Once the article is created move the route below to that article.--><br />
*** Assam & West Bengal: Sevoke-Kurseong-[[Mirik]]-[[Naxalbari]](upgrade and greenfield), <br />
<br />
*** North [[Bihar]]: <br />
**** Pauakhali-Kaliyaganj-[[Forbesganj]]-Phulparas existing, <br />
**** Phulparas-Madhubani greenfield, <br />
**** [[Madhubani, Bihar|Madhubani]]-Benpatti existing, <br />
**** Benpatti-[[Sitamarhi]]-Dhaka-[[Sugauli]] greenfield, <br />
**** Sugauli-Bettiah existing, <br />
**** Bettiah-[[Pardauna]] greenfield, <br />
*** North [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
**** Padrauna-Campirganj existing, <br />
**** Campirganj-Balacha Bazar-Tillauli-Fatehpur/Bhawaniganj greenfield, <br />
**** Bhawaniganj-Balrampur-Shravasti-Ikauna existing, Dikauli-Lakhimpur greenfield, Khutar existing, <br />
**** Khutar-Indarpur-Gajraula Kalan greenfield and existing to Pilibhit, <br />
**** Pilibhit-Baheri-Bilaspur-Seohara-Bijnor-Muzaffarnagar-South-of-Deoband-Gangoh mostly greenfield.<br />
<br />
*** Northeast [[Haryana]]<br />
**** Indri-Jyotisar-Ismailabad upgrade existing & greenfield.<br />
<br />
*** North [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
**** Devigarh-Bhunarheri-Ramgarh-Pasiana-Rohti Channa mostly greenfield, <br />
**** Rohti Channa-Jorhepul upgrade existing, Jorhepul-Sahura-Rara Sahib-Ludhiana-[[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway]].<br />
<br />
* '''Phase-VIII - southern extension: connectivity from east Assam and southeast Arunachal Pradesh to Nagaland, southern Assam, Meghalaya, Bangladesh, central West Bengal & central Bihar''' <br>It will connect southeastern Arunachal Pradesh to Bangladesh via [[Nagaland]], Assam, [[Meghalaya]] and [[Tripura]] by upgrading existing highways and building new greenfield highways for the missing direct links. <br>Route alignment is as follows: <br />
<br />
** Arunachal Pradesh<br />
*** [[Longding]] to [[Tizit]] on [[National Highway 702 (India)|NH-702]] upgrade existing dirt track.<br />
<br />
*** Nagaland<br />
**** Tizit-[[Niausa]]-[[Nayasa]]-Mon-Walching-Tamlu-[[Merangkong]] (on [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH-2]])-Asangma-Waromung-Merakong-Akuk Old-Sanis HQ-Longtsung(Lohtu HQ)-Ralan Old-Ambari-Dimapur greenfield along mostly existing dirt tracks.<br />
<br />
**** Dimapur-Hazadisa [[National Highway 129A (India)|NH-129A]] (existing).<br />
<br />
**** Hazadisa-Dillajee-Longplan-Langting(on [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH-27]] greenfield along river.<br />
<br />
*** Assam<br />
**** Langting-Dihangi(on [[National Highway 627 (India)|NH-627]]) greenfield.<br />
<br />
**** Dihangi-Silchar NH-27 existing and upgrade existing Silchar-Kalain SH-34.<br />
<br />
*** Meghalaya <br />
**** Kalain-Umkiyang NH-6 existing.<br />
<br />
**** Umkiyang-[[Dawki]]-Mawlynnong-Delsora greenfield.<br />
<br />
**** Delsora-Khakorkora-Baghmara-Dalu-Mahendraganj-Mankachar-Hatsingimari-[[Brahmputra River#Bridge|Dubri bridge]] upgrade NH, SH & other roads.<br />
<br />
*** Bangladesh<br />
**** Hatsingimari-Kurigram road-cum-rail bridge greenfield, Hatsingimari-Kurigram-Dinhata-Cooch Behar-Jaigaon route build greenfield, Dinhata-Mathabhanga-Jalpaiguri South-Kukurjan-BangladeshNH5 route build greenfield.<br />
<br />
**** Mahendraganj-Gaibandha road-cum-rail bridge greenfield, Mahendraganj-Gaibandha-Hili-Belurghat-India-NH512 route build greenfield.<br />
<br />
==Six Inter-corridor highways==<br />
{{see also | Trans-Arunachal Highway#ich | l1= Corridor Highways of Arunachal }}<br />
<br />
To providing missing interconnectivity between three horizontal national highways across Arunachal Pradesh - Frontier Highway, Trans-Arunachal Highway and East-West Industrial Corridor Highway - following six vertical and diagonal national highway corridors of total 2178 km length will be built, which will also provide faster access to geostrategically important areas on India-China LAC.<ref name=ir1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/roadways/arunachal-pradesh-inter-corridors-between-two-highways-proposed/articleshow/94995545.cms Arunachal Pradesh: Inter-corridors between two highways proposed], Economic Times, 20 Oct 2022.</ref><ref name=ir2>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-proposes-missing-link-connectivity-of-roads-in-arunachal-near-china-border-3454075#comments_result Centre Clears Construction Of 6 Corridors In Arunachal Near China Border], NDTV, 20 Oct 2022.</ref><br />
<br />
Listed west to east.<br />
<!-- NOTE: make any changes directly to the main article above and retain only the summary here in this section. --><br />
<br />
* '''[[Thelamara]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. -->-[[Tawang]]-[[Nelia, Arunachal|Nelia]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. --> Highway''': 402 km.<ref name=ir2/><br />
<br />
* '''[[Itakhola]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. -->-[[Pakke-Kessang]]-[[Seppa]]-[[Parsi Parlo]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. --> Highway''': 391 km.<ref name=ir2/><br />
<br />
* '''[[Gogamukh]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. -->-[[Taliha]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. -->-[[Tato, Arunachal|Tato]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. --> Highway''': 285 km.<ref name=ir2/><br />
<br />
* '''[[Akajan]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. -->-[[Jorging]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. -->-[[Pango, Arunachal|Pango]]<!-- NOTE: Retain redlink to encourage article creation. --> Highway''': 398 km.<ref name=ir2/><br />
<br />
* '''[[Pasighat]]-[[Bishing]] Highway''': 298 km.<ref name=ir2/><br />
<br />
* '''[[Kanubari]]-[[Longding]] Highway''': 404 km.<ref name=ir2/><br />
<br />
==Tourism ==<br />
{{ see also | Tourism in Northeast India | Tourism in Northeast India}}<br />
<br />
The [[Arunachal Frontier Highway#Tourism|Bhalukpong-Bomdila-Tawang Tourist Circuit]] along the Arunachal Frontier Highway and the [[Trans-Arunachal Highway#Tourism|Nafra-Seppa-Pappu-Pasa-Pakke Valleys-Sangdupota-New Sagalee-Ziro-Yomcha Tourist Circuit]] along the Trans-Arunachal Highway and East-West Industrial Corridor Highway have been developed under the [[Swadesh Darshan Scheme]].<ref name=artu1>[https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1552846 Two important North East Circuits under Swadesh Darshan Scheme of Central Tourism Ministry inaugurated in Arunachal Pradesh today], PIB India, 15 Nov 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
==Current status==<br />
<br />
* 2015: Union Minister of [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|MoRTH]], [[Nitin Gadkari]] granted an in-principle approval.<ref name=up1/><br />
<br />
* 2021 March: Phase-1 DPR was ready and pre-DPR survey for phase-2 was in-progress.<ref name=up1/> After DPR for Package-2C was submitted to Union Highways Ministry in December 2020, approval was awaited. DPRs of package-1 and package-2A by Arunachal Pradesh government were ready but their submission to MoRTH was held up due to non-submission of encumbrance free land availability certificates from respective [[Deputy commissioner|DC]]s. Package 2(B) was facing land acquisition and environmental approval issues because its proposed alignment passes through [[Pakke Tiger Reserve]].<ref name=up1/> At that time, there were no media reports of any investigation, survey or preparation of DPR for the important Phase-III, Phase-IV and other projects mentioned in the "Future expansion" section.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of national highways in India]]<br />
* [[National Highways Development Project]]<br />
* [[Expressways of India]]<br />
* [[Golden Quadrilateral]] (GQ)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Proposed roads in India]]<br />
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Roads in Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Roads in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tatanagar%E2%80%93Brahmapur_Vande_Bharat_Express&diff=539826Tatanagar–Brahmapur Vande Bharat Express2025-10-14T14:29:18Z<p>Serguty: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}{{short description|Mini Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| color = FF7220<br />
| name = Tatanagar Junction – Brahmapur<br>''Vande Bharat Express''<br />
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br />
| logo_width = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_width = 300px<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]<br />
| locale = [[Jharkhand]] and [[Odisha]]<br />
| first = {{start date|2024|09|15|df=y}} (Inaugural)<br>{{start date and age|18 September 2024}} (Commercial)<br />
| last = <br />
| operator = [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railways (SER)]]<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = {{stnlnk|Tatanagar Junction}} '''(TATA)'''<br />
| stops = 09<br />
| end = {{stnlnk|Brahmapur}} '''(BAM)'''<br />
| distance = {{convert|587|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 09 hrs<br />
| frequency = Six days a week {{efn|Except Tuesdays}}<br />
| trainnumber = 20891 / 20892<br />
| line_used = *[[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line|Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line (till Rajkharsawan Jn)]]<br />
*[[Rajkharsawan–Kendujhargarh–Jakhapura line]]<br />
*[[Howrah–Chennai main line|Howrah–Chennai main line (till Brahmapur)]]<br />
| class = AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car<br />
| seating = {{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}<br />
| sleeping = No<br />
| autorack = <br />
| catering = On board Catering<br />
| observation = Large windows in all coaches<br />
| entertainment = {{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}<br />
| baggage = Overhead racks<br />
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]<br />
| stock = [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0]]<br />
| gauge = [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]]<br/>{{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]<br />
| el = <br />
| speed = {{cvt|65|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)<br />
| trainlength = {{convert|192|m|ft}} (08 coaches)<br />
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| maintenance = [[South Eastern Railway zone|Tatanagar Jn (TATA)]]<br />
| map = {{Tatanagar – Brahmapur VB Express Route}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line<br />
}}<br />
The 20891/20892 '''Tatanagar–Brahmapur ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 57th [[Vande Bharat Express|Vande Bharat Express train]], connecting the industrial city of [[Jamshedpur]] in [[Jharkhand]] with [[Brahmapur, Odisha|Brahmapur]] in [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=Vande Bharat Express:Tata-Berhampur का आया समय और नबंर, जानिए |url=https://biharjharkhandnewsnetwork.com/know-the-time-and-number-of-vande-bharat-expresstata-berhampur/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Bihar Jharkhand News Network |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/new-vande-bharat-train-check-route-stoppage-and-more/ar-AA1qiKkQ?ocid=BingNewsVerp |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Latestly |first=Team |date=2024-09-15 |title=Odisha CM Mohan Charan Majhi Interacts With Students Onboard Brahmapur-Tatanagar Vande Bharat Express Train, Viral Video Surfaces {{!}} 📰 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/india/news/odisha-cm-mohan-charan-majhi-interacts-with-students-onboard-brahmapur-tatanagar-vande-bharat-express-train-viral-video-surfaces-6268660.html |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
This express train was inaugurated on September 15 2024, by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] via [[Videotelephony|video conferencing]] from the capital city of [[Ranchi]] instead of physically inaugurating at [[Tatanagar Junction railway station|Tatanagar Junction]] in [[Jharkhand]] due to continuous rains in Jamshedpur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Athrady |first=Ajith |title=PM Modi flags off six Vande Bharat Express trains in poll-bound Jharkhand |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/jharkhand/pm-modi-flags-off-six-vande-bharat-express-trains-in-poll-bound-jharkhand-3191585 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2024 |title=PM's Jamshedpur Visit Canceled Due to Rain, Will Inaugurate Online from Ranchi |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/story-pm-s-visit-to-jamshedpur-canceled-due-to-heavy-rain-online-inauguration-planned-201726376249295.html |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Live Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-15 |title=PM Modi flags off six Vande Bharat trains at Jharkhand's Tatanagar |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/pm-modi-flags-off-six-vande-bharat-trains-at-jharkhands-tatanagar/articleshow/113361896.cms?UTM_Source=Google_Newsstand&UTM_Campaign=RSS_Feed&UTM_Medium=Referral |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=PM Modi to flag off six Vande Bharat Express trains in poll-bound Jharkhand |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/jharkhand/pm-modi-to-flag-off-six-vande-bharat-express-trains-in-poll-bound-jharkhand-3191357 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=PM Modi to flag off six new Vande Bharat Express trains during Jharkhand visit today – Full list of routes here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-pm-modi-to-flag-off-six-new-vande-bharat-express-trains-during-jharkhand-visit-today-full-list-of-routes-here-3611206/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-11 |title=PM Modi to inaugurate 11 Vande Bharat Express Trains from Tatanagar |url=https://avenuemail.in/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-11-vande-bharat-express-trains-from-tatanagar/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=O. B. |date=2024-09-14 |title=PM To Flag Off Vande Bharat Trains In Odisha Tomorrow; Governor To Be Present At Rourkela & CM At Berhampur |url=https://odishabytes.com/pm-to-flag-off-vande-bharat-trains-in-odisha-tomorrow-governor-to-be-present-at-rourkela-cm-at-berhampur/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=odishabytes |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
This train is currently operated by [[Indian Railways]], connecting [[Tatanagar Junction railway station|Tatanagar Jn]], [[Chaibasa railway station|Chaibasa]], [[Banspani railway station|Banspani]], [[Kendujhargarh railway station|Kendujhargarh]], [[Harichandanpur railway station|Harichandanpur]], [[Jakhapura Junction railway station|Jakhapura Jn]], [[Cuttack Junction railway station|Cuttack Jn]], [[Bhubaneswar railway station|Bhubaneswar]], [[Khurda Road Junction railway station|Khurda Road Jn]], [[Balugaon railway station|Balugaon]] and [[Brahmapur railway station|Brahmapur]]. It currently operates with train numbers 20891/20892 on 6 days a week basis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aniket |title=20891/Tatanagar - Brahmapur Vande Bharat Express - Tatanagar to Brahmapur SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/tatanagar-brahmapur-vande-bharat-express-20891/235483/168/224 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Rakes==<br />
It is the fifty-fourth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|2nd Generation]] and thirty-eighth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|'''Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train''']] which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Service ==<br />
<br />
The 20891/20892 Tatanagar Jn - Brahmapur Vande Bharat Express operates six days a week except Tuesdays, covering a distance of {{cvt|587|km}} in a travel time of 9 hours with an average speed of {{cvt|62|km/h}}. The service has 9 intermediate stops. The Maximum Permissible Speed is {{cvt|130|km/h}}.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Vande Bharat Express]]<br />
* [[Tejas Express]]<br />
* [[Gatiman Express]]<br />
* [[Tatanagar Junction railway station]]<br />
* [[Brahmapur railway station]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Vande Bharat Express}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tatanagar-Brahmapur Vande Bharat Express}}<br />
[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]<br />
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]<br />
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]<br />
[[Category:Express trains in India]]<br />
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Jamshedpur]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Odisha]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aditya_Madhi&diff=484660Aditya Madhi2025-09-29T21:44:17Z<p>Serguty: Adding a entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri]]<br />
| term_start = 2019<br />
| term_end = 2024<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| predecessor = Manas Madkami<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Aditya Madhi''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]], representing [[Malkangiri Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malkangiri Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Malkangiri Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/malkangiri-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Malkangiri Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/malkangiri-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917584.html |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhi, Aditya}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1987_Indian_vice_presidential_election&diff=4819681987 Indian vice presidential election2025-09-10T21:09:11Z<p>Serguty: Adding entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Vice-presidential election in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = 1987 Indian vice presidential election<br />
| country = India<br />
| type = presidential<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = 1984 Indian vice presidential election<br />
| previous_year = 1984<br />
| next_election = 1992 Indian vice presidential election<br />
| next_year = 1992<br />
| election_date = 7 September 1987<br />
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=05|oTop=05}} <br />
| nominee1 = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
| party1 = Indian National Congress (Indira)<br />
| home_state1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| electoral_vote1 = '''Unopposed'''<br />
| title = [[Vice President of India|Vice President]]<br />
| before_election = [[R. Venkataraman]]<br />
| before_party = Indian National Congress (Indira)<br />
| after_election = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br />
| after_party = Indian National Congress (Indira)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''1987 Indian vice presidential election''' was held in mid-1987 to elect the [[vice president of India]], after the incumbent [[R. Venkataraman]]'s resignation following [[1987 Indian presidential election|his election]] as [[President of India|President]]. [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] was declared elected unopposed on the final day of registration, 21 August 1987.<ref name=eci>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/President_VP_Elec2012/Vice%20Presidentail%20Election%20Background.pdf BACKGROUND MATERIAL REGARDING FOURTEENTH ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT, 2012, ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA]</ref> Had the election been contested by more than one candidate, it would have occurred on 3 September 1987.<br />
<br />
==Schedule==<br />
The election schedule was announced by the [[Election Commission of India]] on 4 August 1987.<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6926-background-material-related-to-election-to-the-office-of-vice-president-of-india-2017/ |title=Background material related to Election to the office of Vice-President of India, 2017 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 26 January 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!S.No.<br />
!Poll Event<br />
!Date<br />
|-<br />
!1.<br />
| Last Date for filing nomination<br />
| 18 August 1987<br />
|-<br />
!2.<br />
| Date for Scrutiny of nomination<br />
| 19 August 1987<br />
|-<br />
!3.<br />
| Last Date for Withdrawal of nomination<br />
| 21 August 1987<br />
|-<br />
!4.<br />
| Date of Poll<br />
| 7 September 1987<br />
|-<br />
!5.<br />
| '''Date of Counting'''<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center| '''7 September 1987'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Result==<br />
The Electoral College consisted of 790 members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. There were 27 candidates who filed their nominations. The Returning Officer rejected the nomination of 26 of them after scrutiny, deeming that only the nomination of Shankar Dayal Sharma was valid. Since he was now the only candidate left, Shankar Dayal Sharma was declared as elected unopposed to the office of the Vice-President. He was sworn in to the office on 3 September 1987.<ref name=election2017/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[1987 Indian presidential election]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian vice presidential elections}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Vice-presidential elections in India]]<br />
[[Category:1987 elections in India|India]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharma_Manikya_II&diff=496723Dharma Manikya II2025-09-10T10:50:30Z<p>Serguty: New new post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|King of Tripura}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
|type = monarch<br />
|name = Dharma Manikya II<br />
|title = <br />
|image =<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = <br />
|reign-type1 = 1st reign<br />
|succession = [[Twipra Kingdom|Maharaja of Tripura]]<br />
|reign1 = 1713–1725<br />
|predecessor1 = [[Mahendra Manikya]]<br />
|successor1 = [[Jagat Manikya]]<br />
|reign-type2 = 2nd reign<br />
|reign2 = 1729<br />
|predecessor2 = [[Jagat Manikya]]<br />
|successor2 = [[Mukunda Manikya]]<br />
|spouse = Dharmasila{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=122}}<br />
|spouse-type = Consort<br />
|issue = {{unbulleted list<br />
|[[Udai Manikya II]]{{sfnp|Sarma|1987|p=130}}<br />
|Gadadhar Thakur{{sfnp|Durlabhendra|Sukheshwar|Baneshwar|1999|p=176}}<br />
}}<br />
|father = [[Rama Manikya]]<br />
|house = [[Manikya dynasty]]<br />
|birth_date = <br />
|birth_name = Durjoy Singh{{sfnp|Chib|1988|p=13}} or Duryodhana{{sfnp|Durlabhendra|Sukheshwar|Baneshwar|1999|p=169}}<br />
|death_date = 1729<br />
|religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Kingdom of Tripura}}<br />
'''Dharma Manikya II''' (died 1729) was the king of [[Tripura Kingdom]] from 1713 to 1725 and again in 1729,{{sfnp|DebBarma|2006|pp=24–25}} although his power was greatly diminished in 1732 with the rise to power of [[Jagat Manikya]] with the aid of the [[Nawab of Bengal]], [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan]].{{sfnp|Kilikdar|1995|pp=54–55}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*{{Citation|last=Chib|first=Sukhdev Singh|title=Tripura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMItAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Ess Ess Publications|isbn=978-81-7000-039-6}}<br />
*{{Citation|last=DebBarma|first=Chandramani|title=Glory of Tripura civilization: history of Tripura with Kok Borok names of the kings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wU9uAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Parul Prakashani}}<br />
*{{Citation|author1=Durlabhendra|author2=Sukheshwar|author3=Baneshwar|translator1=Kailāsa Candra Siṃha|translator2=N.C. Nath|title=Sri Rajmala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cD9uAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Tribal Research Institute, Govt. of Tripura|location=[[Agartala]]}}<br />
*{{Citation|last=Kilikdar|first=Bidhas Kanti|title=Tripura of the Eighteenth Century with Samsher Gazi Against Feudalism: A Historical Study|location=Chhapakuthi, Agartala|year=1995|publisher=Tripura State Tribal Cultural Research Institute and Museum}}<br />
*{{Citation|last=Sarma|first=Raman Mohan|title=Political History of Tripura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bmpuAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Puthipatra}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Manikya dynasty]]<br />
*[[Tripura (princely state)]]<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manikya, Dharma, II}}<br />
[[Category:Kings of Tripura]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:1733 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
<br />
{{India-royal-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rameswar_Teli&diff=464930Rameswar Teli2025-09-07T14:12:57Z<p>Serguty: typo fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| image = File:Rameswar Teli (cropped).jpg<br />
| residence = [[Duliajan]], [[Assam]]<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| office = Minister of State for [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas]], [[Government of India]]<br />
| termstart = 7 July 2021<br />
| termend = 11 June 2024<br />
| office1 = Minister of State for [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour and Employment]]<br />
| termstart1 = 7 July 2021<br />
| termend1 = 11 June 2024<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Santosh Gangwar]] as Minister of State (Independent Charge)<br />
| office2 = [[Ministry of Food Processing Industries|Minister of State for Food Processing Industries]]<br />
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| term_start2 = 31 May 2019<br />
| term_end2 = 7 July 2021<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Niranjan Jyoti|Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Prahlad Patel]]<br />
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency3 = [[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh]]<br />
| term_start3 = 16 May 2014<br />
| term_end3 = 4 June 2024<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Paban Singh Ghatowar]]<br />
| successor3 = <br />
| office4 = Member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency4 = [[Duliajan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Duliajan]]<br />
| term_start4 = 13 May 2001<br />
| predecessor4 = Amiya Gogoi<br />
| successor4 = Amiya Gogoi<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| website = <br />
| term_end4 = 13 May 2011<br />
| predecessor = [[Panabaka Lakshmi]] (2012 - 2014)<br />
| birth_place = [[Duliajan]], [[Assam]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|08|14|df=y}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rameswar Teli''' (born 14 August 1970) is an Indian politician and member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Currently, he is a Rajya Sabha MP representing Assam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-27 |title=BJP’s former minister Rameswar Teli, ex-MLA Mission Ranjan Das elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/bjp-leaders-teli-and-das-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/112820254.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He was a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] representing [[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)]] from 2014 to 2024 and the [[Minister of State]] of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Labour and Employment in the [[Second Modi ministry]] from 2021 to 2024. Previously, he served as the Minister of State for [[Ministry of Food Processing Industries]] from 2019 to 2020 and a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly from Duliajan from 2001 to 2011.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
He was born on 14 August 1970 in [[Duliajan]] in [[Assam]]. His father name is Budhu Teli and Mother Dulka Teli. He belongs to member of [[Tea-garden community of Assam|Tea-garden community]] of Assam.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/lone-sitting-mp-from-assam-re-nominated-by-bjp-rameshwar-teli-takes-oath-as-minister-of-state-2165295.html|title=Lone Sitting MP from Assam Re-nominated by BJP, Rameshwar Teli is MoS in Ministry of Food Processing Industries|website=news18|date=19 May 2019|access-date=6 December 2019}}</ref> His father was a driver. As a teenage, he used to sell yams and ferns to buy bread for snacks.<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/may/31/rameshwar-teli-from-yam-seller-to-food-processing-minister-1984215.html|title=Rameshwar Teli: From yam seller to food processing minister|website=newindianexpress|date=31 May 2019|access-date=6 December 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
He was local leader of All Assam Tea Tribe Students’ Association (AATTSA).<ref name="newindianexpress"/><br />
He was elected to Assam legislative Assembly during 2001-2006 and 2006-2011 for from [[Duliajan]] in district of Dibrugarh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-2006-11.html |title=Assam Legislative Assembly - Members 2006-2011 }}</ref> He lost in the 2011 assembly elections by around 3000 votes to [[Amiya Gogoi]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=737&cid=118 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140512222651/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=737&cid=118 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 12 May 2014 |title= Assam Assembly Election 2011 Constituency:Duliajan (118) District : Dibrugarh}}</ref><br />
In 2014, he was elected to as member of parliament from [[Dibrugarh]] as BJP candidate.<ref name="newindianexpress"/> In the [[2019 Indian general election]] he was elected as a member of parliament from Dibrugarh constituency.<br />
<br />
In May 2019, Teli became Minister of State for [[Ministry of Food Processing Industries|Food Processing Industries]] and worked till 7 July 2021.<br />
In July 2021, Teli became Minister of State for Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Ministry of Labour and Employment in Second Modi ministry when cabinet overhaul happened.<ref>{{citation |title=PM Modi allocates portfolios. Full list of new ministers |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/pm-modi-allocates-portfolios-full-list-of-new-ministers-1559288502067.html |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=31 May 2019 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Second Narendra Modi Cabinet}}<br />
{{16th LS members from Northeast states |state=expanded}} <br />
<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teli, Rameswar}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]<br />
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2006–2011]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Assam]]<br />
[[Category:People from Dibrugarh district]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]<br />
[[Category:1970 births]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]<br />
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2001–2006]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alampur_Noabad&diff=485413Alampur Noabad2025-08-13T00:45:52Z<p>Serguty: Adding entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Multiple issues|{{orphan|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=December 2024}}}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Alampur Noabad<br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <!--India Uttar Pradesh--><br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|29|26|19|N|78|11|52|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = India<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block in India|Block]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mohammadpur Deomal]]<br />
| established_title = Established<br />
| established_date = {{start date and age|2006}}<br />
| founder = Abdul Salam Mansoori<br />
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]] [[Pradhan]]<br />
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]<br />
| leader_title = [[Pradhan]]<br />
| leader_name = Babbu Urf Jehngir Khan<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_total_ha = <br />
| elevation_m = 300<br />
| population_total = 102<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_footnotes = <br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = 246701<br />
| area_code = 01342<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|UP 20]]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[खड़ीबोली]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Alampur Noabad''' is a small village and near by [[panchayat]] [[Madhusudanpur Nand Urf Jhalra]] block [[Mohammadpur Deomal]] in [[Bijnor district]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradesh |first=Jal Jeevan Mission-Uttar |title=Jal Jeevan Mission - Uttar Pradesh (JJM UP) |url=https://jjm.up.gov.in/SiteReport/__DistrictWise_FHTCStatus_ProgressWise?Action1=13.2.7&DistrictId=459 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=jjm.up.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India - Village directory, Uttar Pradesh, District Bijnor - 2001 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/23454 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Bijnor district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Bijnor-geo-stub}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagjit_Singh_(rower)&diff=505169Jagjit Singh (rower)2025-08-02T20:17:36Z<p>Serguty: started bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian rower}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=March 2012}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Jagjit Singh<br />
| image = Jagjit singh jallah ( Rowing).jpg<br />
| imagesize =<br />
| caption = Jagjit Singh Jallah (right)<br />
| fullname = Jagjit Singh Jallah<br />
| nickname =<br />
| nationality = [[India]]n<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|10|2}}<br />
| birth_place = Jallah, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| height =<br />
| weight =<br />
| country = {{flagcountry|India}}<br />
| sport = [[Rowing (sport)|Rowing]]<br />
| event = [[Coxed four|M4+]], [[Coxless pair|M2-]]<br />
| club = [[Bombay Sappers]]<br />
| team =<br />
| turnedpro =<br />
| retired =<br />
| coaching =<br />
| worlds =<br />
| regionals =<br />
| nationals =<br />
| olympics =<br />
| paralympics =<br />
| highestranking =<br />
| medaltemplates =<br />
| show-medals =<br />
}}<br />
'''Jagjit Singh Jallah''' is an international rowing competitor from the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]. Singh was born in the village of Jallah, Ludhiana, Punjab. He is the first Punjabi to receive an Arjuna award in rowing. He works for the Punjab police.<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!|S.No.<br />
!|Awards<br />
!|Year<br />
|-<br />
|1 || [[Arjuna Award]] || 1999<br />
|-<br />
|2 || Life-time achievement award || 2007<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Achievements==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!International events<br />
!Venue<br />
!Result<br />
!Distance<br />
|-<br />
|1993<br />
|[[International Regatta]]<br />
|[[Switzerland]]<br />
|bgcolor="white" align="center" | 5th<br />
|2000 m<br />
|-<br />
|1994<br />
|[[1994 Asian Games|Asian Games]]<br />
|[[Hiroshima]], Japan<br />
|bgcolor=" brownish " align="center" | 3rd<ref>{{cite news |title=Rowers paddle their way to bronze |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/Storyold/69065/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=20 December 1998 |accessdate=20 March 2012 }}</ref><br />
|2000 m<br />
|-<br />
|1994<br />
|[[International Regatta]]<br />
|[[Ukraine]]<br />
|bgcolor="silver" align="center" | 2nd<br />
|2000 m<br />
|-<br />
|1994<br />
|[[International Regatta]]<br />
|[[Ukraine]]<br />
|bgcolor="brown" align="center" | 3rd<br />
|2000 m<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|[[1999 Asian Championship]]<br />
|[[Japan]]<br />
|bgcolor="silver" align="center" | 2nd<br />
|2000 m<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|[[1999 Asian Championship]]<br />
|[[Japan]]<br />
|bgcolor="brown" align="center" | 3rd<br />
|2000 m<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! S. No !! Game Year !! City !! Achievements !! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 1. || 17th National Rowing Championship || Hyderabad ||Coxed Four|| SILVER<br />
|-<br />
| 2. || 19th National Rowing Championship || Bangalore|| Coxed Four || GOLD<br />
|-<br />
| 3. || 32nd National Games || Hyderabad ||Coxless Four || 2 SILVER<br />
|-<br />
| 4. || 32nd National Games || Hyderabad || Coxless Pair|| SILVER<br />
|-<br />
| 5. || 3rd All India Police Rowing Championship || Srinagar, J&K||Coxess Four|| GOLD<br />
|-<br />
| 6. || 14th National Rowing Championship || Madras|| Coxed Four || GOLD<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Asian Games<br />
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://doer.metastudio.org:8311/wikipedia/A/Rowing_at_the_1998_Asian_Games.html |title=Rowing at the 1998 Asian Games |publisher=Wikipedia Creative Commons |date=1998-12-19 |website= |access-date=2016-04-16 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
Bombay Sappers<br />
<ref><br />
{{cite web |url=https://www.aviation-defence-universe.com/bombay-sappers-earn-several-awards-in-the-field-of-sports/ |title=Bombay Sappers Glide Ahead In The Field Of Sports |publisher=Aviation & Defence Universe |date=2019-12-26 |website= |access-date=}}<br />
</ref><br />
Maharaja Ratan Singh Awardee<br />
<ref><br />
{{cite web |url=http://www.babushahi.com/view-news.php?id=84554&headline=Punjab-Govt-finalises-list-of-awardees-for-Maharaja-Ranjit-Singh-Award |title=Punjab Govt finalises list of awardees for Maharaja Ranjit Singh Award |publisher=Babushahi |date=2019-03-03 |website= |access-date=}}<br />
</ref><br />
Arjuna Awardee<br />
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabpolice.gov.in/PDFViwer.aspx?enc=WFo5b4QDVWRHx+1tizZkVZqdasLj+hWQIb55x0U+MqkHDh3EflADLP8sV03ZHAKf5EgJRk4q3cxyMZIqfM3bcF6tPaC2z6fq12FiVwQh%2F2oEdF5nOC%2Fb1La96dkIzYDvSSgRLGCgdkh+uY2UIBX300DJyKUNCxUr98ByoDpY9l8%3D |title=RECIPIENTS OF ARJUNA AWARD |publisher= |format=PDF |access-date=30 April 2020 |archive-date=17 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117201119/http://www.punjabpolice.gov.in/PDFViwer.aspx?enc=WFo5b4QDVWRHx%201tizZkVZqdasLj%20hWQIb55x0U%20MqkHDh3EflADLP8sV03ZHAKf5EgJRk4q3cxyMZIqfM3bcF6tPaC2z6fq12FiVwQh%2F2oEdF5nOC%2Fb1La96dkIzYDvSSgRLGCgdkh%20uY2UIBX300DJyKUNCxUr98ByoDpY9l8%3D |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
Other<br />
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thelifestylejournalist.in/the-tale-of-an-unrivalled-rower/ |title=Meet Arjuna Award Winner Jagjit Singh, The Very First Punjabi Rower To Win This Award |publisher=The Lifestyle Journalist |date=2017 |website= |access-date= |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004004549/http://www.thelifestylejournalist.in/the-tale-of-an-unrivalled-rower/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jagjit}}<br />
[[Category:Indian male rowers]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1966 births]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in rowing]]<br />
[[Category:Rowers at the 1994 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Rowers at the 1998 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chikkabidarakallu_metro_station&diff=448102Chikkabidarakallu metro station2025-07-23T15:34:26Z<p>Serguty: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Namma Metro's Green Line metro station}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Chikkabidarakallu<br />
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Green}}<br />
| style = Namma Metro<br />
| image = Chikkabidarakallu metro station (Feb '25).jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = Station Board as of February 2025<br />
| address = Tumkur Road, Anchepalya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560073<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0524077|77.4879204|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}}<br />
| other = <br />
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]<br />
| platform = [[Side platform]]&lt;br&gt;<br />
Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}}&lt;br&gt;Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}}<br />
| depth = <br />
| levels = 2<br />
| tracks = 2<br />
| parking = '''''(TBC)'''''<br />
| bicycle = <br />
| baggage_check = <br />
| opened = {{start date and age|7 November 2024|df=yes}}<br />
| opening = <br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = <br />
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]<br />
| accessible = '''''(TBC)'''''<br />
| status = Operational &amp; Staffed<br />
| code = JIDL<br />
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)<br />
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]<br />
| architect = Simplex Infrastructure<br />
| architectural_style = <br />
| wifi = <br />
| zone = <br />
| smartcardname = <br />
| smartcardstatus = <br />
| former = <br />
| passengers = <br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_rank = <br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| pass_system = <br />
| mpassengers = <br />
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line=Green|left=Madavara|to-left=Madavara|right=Manjunath Nagar|to-right=Silk Institute}}<br />
| route_map = {{BMR Green Line}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-marker = rail<br />
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chikkabidarakallu''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] in [[Bengaluru]], India. The main '''Prestige Jindal City''' run by the [[Prestige Group]] of Companies in Bengaluru, Karnataka is located around this metro station. <br />
<br />
The '''Madavara-Nagasandra''' stretch trial run was conducted on August 6, 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ghoshal |first=Sudeshna |date=August 6, 2024 |title=Bengaluru metro update: New trains on Green line for THESE stations in Bangalore; trial run today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bengaluru-metro-update-new-trains-on-green-line-for-these-stations-in-bangalore-trial-run-today-11722916704593.html |access-date=August 7, 2024 |newspaper=Mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=Sridhar Vivan |date=August 5, 2024 |title=Green line trial runs kick off in August |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/green-line-trial-runs-kick-off-in-august/articleshow/112274026.cms |access-date=2024-08-07 |newspaper=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and with a successful trial run, the metro station was opened on November 6, 2024, with the commercial run starting from November 7, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-11-05 |title=Extended Namma Metro Green Line operation launch likely on November 6 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/namma-metro-green-line-extended-operations-set-to-launch-on-november-6/articleshow/114990458.cms |access-date=2024-11-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru Metro's Green Line extension set to open on Nov 7 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-metros-green-line-extension-set-to-open-on-nov-7-3263488 |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This metro station was opened without any inauguration ceremony but will be formally inaugurated at a later date. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Day before public launch, DK Shivakumar takes metro ride to Madavara |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/day-before-public-launch-dk-shivakumar-takes-metro-ride-to-madavara-3265346 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-11-06 |title=After 7 years, extended Green Line opens today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bengalurus-green-line-extended-new-metro-opens-after-7-years/articleshow/115027816.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-06 |title=Extended Metro green line from Nagasandra to Madavara inaugurated - Public TV English |url=https://english.publictv.in/extended-metro-green-line-from-nagasandra-to-madavara-inaugurated/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br />
<br />
== Station layout ==<br />
{{stack|{{Routemap<br />
| title = Chikkabidarakallu track layout<br />
| title color = white<br />
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}<br />
| legend = track<br />
| collapsible = no<br />
| map = vCONTgfa<br />
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}}<br />
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''<br />
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Manjunath Nagar}}<br />
vCONTgfe<br />
| bottom = &lt;div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center"&gt;Station with two tracks and two side platforms&lt;/div&gt;<br />
}}}}<br />
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance<br />
|-<br />
|valign=top|'''L1'''<br />
|valign=top|Mezzanine<br />
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover&lt;br&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|&lt;span style=color:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}&gt;'''Platform 2'''&lt;br/&gt;'''Southbound'''&lt;/span&gt;<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Manjunath Nagar}}&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|&lt;span style=color:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}&gt;'''Platform 1'''&lt;br&gt;'''Northbound'''&lt;/span&gt; <br />
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|&lt;small&gt;[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Entry/Exits==<br />
{{Empty section|date=August 2024}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Bengaluru]]<br />
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]<br />
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]<br />
*[[List of metro systems]]<br />
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Bengaluru|Transport|Engineering}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
{{Wikivoyage|Bengaluru}}<br />
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)] <br />
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.<br />
<br />
{{Namma Metro|green line=yes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=A._K._Roy&diff=452860A. K. Roy2025-07-17T14:41:43Z<p>Serguty: brief expanded article per sources and corrected details per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1935–2019)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
|honorific-prefix =<br />
| name = Arun Kumar Roy<br />
| honorific-suffix = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]<br />
| image = File:Arun Kumar Roy.gif<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=y|1935|06|15}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Rajshahi District|Rajshahi]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|7|21|1935|06|15|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Dhanbad]], [[Jharkhand]], India<br />
| party = [[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]] (1971–2019)<br />
| otherparty = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (1966–1971)<br />
| education = [[University of Calcutta]]<br />
| occupation = Educator, journalist, social worker<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament]] – [[Lok Sabha]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of M.P. Since 1952|url=http://dhanbad.nic.in/election.html|publisher=[[Dhanbad|Dhanbad.nic]]|accessdate=13 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112081644/http://dhanbad.nic.in/election.html|archive-date=12 November 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
| term_start1 = 1977<br />
| parliament1 = Indian<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Shankar Dayal Singh]]<br />
| successor1 = Shankar Dayal Singh<br />
| term_end1 = 1984<br />
| term_start2 = 1989<br />
| constituency2 = [[Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]], [[Bihar]]<br />
| predecessor2 = Shankar Dayal Singh<br />
| successor2 = [[Rita Verma]]<br />
| term_end2 = 1991<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Comrade '''Arun Kumar Roy''' (15 June 1935 – 21 July 2019)<ref name=‘tw’>{{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/rights/arun-kumar-roy-mcc-obituary|title=Remembering Arun Kumar Roy, a True Leader of Workers and Peasants|access-date=2023-10-02}}</ref> was an Indian politician, who served both as a [[Member of Parliament]] and a [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]. He was born in a small village in [[Rajshahi district]] of the then [[East Bengal]], during the [[British Raj]] to anti-British activist parents. Roy, a former member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], entered politics after being dismissed from his job as chemical engineer in a company for supporting a workers' strike in 1966–1967.<br />
<br />
Later in his political career, Roy founded the [[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]], a [[political party]] based in the coal mining region of [[Dhanbad]], [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.192/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2553.htm|title=Member Biography|website=Lok Sabha|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807155533/http://164.100.47.192/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2553.htm|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Arun Kumar Roy was born in Sapura village of [[Rajshahi district]] of the then [[East Bengal]] to Shibesh Chandra Roy and Renuka Roy. His father was an advocate by profession who had his legal practice in Rajshahi Court, but later shifted to Dinajpur in 1960 and started practising in Raiganj Court. His father died in 1967 in the court premises after suffering a blackout. Roy's parents were both anti-British activists also had served time in prison for participation in freedom movement.<br />
<br />
Roy completed his primary education from a local school at Naogaon, Rajshahi in 1951 and later went to Belur Ramakrishna Mission School, from where he completed his secondary education. He graduated in Science from [[Surendranath College]], [[Kolkata]], and later gained a [[master's degree]] in 1959 in [[Master of Engineering|Chemical Engineering]] from the [[Calcutta University]]. Roy started his vocation in an industrial house of Kolkata. After serving there for two years he joined as Research Engineer, and worked under a scientist Dr Kshitish Ranjan Chakraborty in the newly established [[Projects and Development India Limited]] at Sindri, [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]].<ref name="watch">{{cite web|last1=Balchand|first1=K.|title=Candidate Watch : A.K. Roy|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041702451200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629123818/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041702451200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2016|website=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=13 June 2016|date=17 April 2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Roy served three terms as a Member of Parliament from [[Jharkhand]].<ref name="robbed">{{cite web|last1=Kumar|first1=Pankaj | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/three-time-mp-from-jharkhand-who-never-made-money-a-pauper-after-robbery/story-4fh7UHLbrdjMneu2sre96I.html | title=Three-time MP from Jharkhand who 'never made money' a pauper after robbery | website=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=11 January 2014 | accessdate=14 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Roy never got married and resided alone in Nunudih village in Dhanbad, in the care of local people over there who respected him. Ranguni was another village, that was close to his heart. During his peak days, Madhu Sudan Dutta from Ranguni worked closely with him to drive development in Ranguni.<ref name="robbed"/><br />
<br />
He died on 21 July 2019 at a hospital in Dhanbad, at age 84.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.news18.com/news/india/former-lok-sabha-mp-and-founder-of-jharkhand-moverment-a-k-roy-passes-away-in-dhanbad-2239641.html|title = Former Lok Sabha MP and Founder of Jharkhand Movement AK Roy Passes Away in Dhanbad|publisher = [[News18 India]]|work = [[Press Trust of India]]|date = 21 July 2019|accessdate = 22 July 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of publications (in Hindi)==<br />
* ''Azadi ki ladai ab majdoor varg ko hi ladni hai'' (‘Now the working class must engage in the war for freedom’)<br />
* ''Nai Janakranti'' (‘New People’s Revolution’)<br />
* ''Manmohan Singh ke Bharat me Bhagat Singh ki khoj'' (‘In Search of Bhagat Singh in Manmohan Singh’s India’)<br />
* ''Dharma aur Rajniti'' (‘Religion and politics’)<br />
* ''Sampradayikata, Kshetriyata, Algavvad ki samasya par ek Marxvadi Vivechan'' (‘A Marxist analysis of problems of communalism, regionalism, and separatism’)<br />
* ''New Dalit Revolution: A draft for debate''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160807155533/http://164.100.47.192/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2553.htm A.K. Roy] at the [[Parliament of India|Parliament of India, Lok Sabha]]<br />
* Some writings of A. K. Roy at https://sites.google.com/site/writingsofakroy/<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, A. K.}}<br />
[[Category:1920s births]]<br />
[[Category:2019 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Indian communists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Rajshahi District]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Rajshahi Division]]<br />
[[Category:Indian chemical engineers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Marxist Co-ordination Committee politicians]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_mudras_(dance)&diff=465647List of mudras (dance)2025-07-01T18:44:11Z<p>Serguty: added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Hand gestures in Indian classical dance}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{refimprove|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{More footnotes|date=July 2022}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
| perrow = 2<br />
| total_width = 300<br />
| image1 = Bharatanatyam Mudra (16).jpg<br />
| image2 = Thai dancer 3 (5795874324).jpg<br />
| image3 = Danseuse kmer (1).JPG<br />
| image4 = 20171113 Theatre of the Royal Palace, Luang Prabang 2447 DxO.jpg<br />
| image5 = Myanmar Dance.jpg<br />
| image6 = Malay dancers1 copy.jpg<br />
| image7 = 'Legong', Ubud, Balinese dance 3, Bali, Indonesia.jpg<br />
| size = 280<br />
| spacing = 1<br />
| position = centre<br />
| border = 0<br />
| color = white <br />
| caption1 = Bharatanatyam Mudra<br />
| caption2 = Thai Mudra<br />
| caption3 = Khmer Mudra<br />
| caption4 = Lao Mudra<br />
| caption5 = Burmese Mudra<br />
| caption6 = Malay Mudra<br />
| caption7 = Balinese Mudra<br />
}}<br />
One of the most striking features of [[Indian classical dance]] and [[Dance in Thailand|dances of Thailand]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://disco.teak.fi/asia/thai-classical-dance/|title=Thai Classical Dance &#124; Asian Traditional Theatre & Dance|date=2 October 2017}}</ref> [[Dance in Cambodia|Cambodia]], [[Dance and theatre of Laos|Laos]], [[Burmese dance|Myanmar]] and the [[Malay world]] is the use of hand or finger gestures called [[mudras]]. Two classifications of mudras are used in Indian classical dance, Thai dances, Cambodian dances, Lao dances, Burmese dances and Malay dances, and are a prominent part of the dancer's vocabulary.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[Nandikeshvara]]'s {{transliteration|sa|Abhinaya Darpa}} (a descriptive primer for dancers) mentions that the dancer should sing the song by the throat, express the meaning of the song through hand gestures, show the state of feelings in the song by eyes, and express the rhythm with his or her feet.<br />
<br />
From the {{transliteration|sa|[[Natya Shastra]]}}, a text on the arts, this quotation and translation is often quoted by Indian classical dance instructors:<br />
<br />
::"Yato hastastato drishtihi"..."Where the hand is, the eyes follow"<br />
<br />
::"Yato drishtistato manaha"..."Where the eyes go, the mind follows"<br />
<br />
::"Yato manastato bhavaha"..."Where the mind is, there is the feeling"<br />
<br />
::"Yato bhavastato rasaha"..."Where there is feeling, there is mood/flavour, sweetness (i.e., appreciation of art; aesthetic bliss)"<br />
<br />
So vast are the subtleties expressed in the hand gestures of hasta that the vastness of what being human entails, and perhaps even what the entire universe contains, might be expressed by the dancer.<br />
<br />
Hence as 'hasta' form a distinct coded language which brings a unique poetic element while performing, so too when abhinaya (traditional facial expressions), pose (attitude), and rhythm complete the language, the dancer may express practically anything and everything to an attentive audience.<br />
<br />
==Gestures ==<br />
=== Bharatanatyam ===<br />
In [[Bharatanatyam]], the classical dance of India performed by Lord [[Nataraja]], approximately 48 <br />
root mudras (hand or finger gestures) are used to clearly communicate specific ideas, events, actions, or creatures in which 28 require only one hand, and are classified as `Asamyuta Hasta', along with 23 other primary mudras which require both hands and are classified as 'Samyuta Hasta'; these 51 are the roots but the branches permit of many more mudra, some of which are used primarily as aesthetic or decorative.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Asamyuta hastas<br />
! #<br />
! Name in Sanskrit<br />
! Translation(s) in English<br />
! Other meanings and usage <br />
! Illustration<br />
|-<br />
|1.<br />
|Pataka<br />
|flag<br />
|beginning a dance, forest, river, sprinkling water, cloud, night, forbidding things, horse<ref name="marg 1957">[[Marg (magazine)|Marg Magazine]]. ''[https://marg-art.org/product/UHJvZHVjdDoxNzQ1 Bharata Natyam]''. 10:4, pp. 12 and opposite unnumbered page, 24. (September 1957).</ref><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra1.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|2.<br />
|Tripataka<br />
|three parts of the flag <br />
|tree, arrow, [[Vajra|vajra weapon]], [[Indra]], crown, light rising, union<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra3.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|3.<br />
|Ardhapataka<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://onlinebharatanatyam.com/2007/09/24/ardhapataka-hand-gesture-mudra/|title = Ardhapataaka Hand Gesture (Mudra)|date = 24 September 2007}}</ref><br />
|half flag<br />
|flag, temple tower, horn, riverbank, tender shoots, writing panel, knife<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Ardhapataka-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|4.<br />
|Kartarimukha<br />
|scissors face or arrow shaft face<br />
|separation of women and men, opposition, stealing, corner of the eye, death, disagreement, lightning<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra9.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|5.<br />
|Mayura<br />
|peacock or peacock's beak <br />
|bird of omen, forehead, stroking the hair, wiping tears, argument<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Mayura-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|6.<br />
|Ardhachandra<br />
|half moon<br />
|spear, platter, anxiety, meditation, prayer, greeting<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Ardhachandra-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|7.<br />
|Arala<br />
|bent<br />
|drinking poison<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Arala-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|8.<br />
|Shukatunda<br />
|parrot head<br />
|shooting an arrow, throwing a spear, mystery<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Shukatunda-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|9.<br />
|Mushthi<br />
|closed fist<br />
|steadiness, holding things, grasping the hair, wrestling<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Mushti-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|10.<br />
|Shikhara<br />
| mountain top or spire<br />
|God of Love, bow, pillar, sound of a bell, silence, questioning, husband, lover, embrace<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra2.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|11.<br />
|Kapitta<br />
|[[wood apple]] <br />
|Goddess [[Lakshmi]], [[Saraswati]], holding cymbals, holding flowers at the time of flirting, milking cows<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Kapitta-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|12.<br />
|Katakamukha<br />
|opening of a bracelet <br />
|picking flowers, holding a pearl necklace or garland of flowers, drawing a bow slowly, speech, glancing<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra4.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|13.<br />
|Suchi<br />
|needle<br />
|[[Parabrahma]], one, one hundred, sun, city, world, fan, threatening, astonishment, umbrella, beating the drum<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra16.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|14.<br />
|Chandrakala<br />
|crescent moon <br />
|digit of the moon<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra5.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|15.<br />
|Padmakosha<br />
|lotus bud <br />
|water lily, fruit, apple, mango, breast<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra17.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|16.<br />
|Sarpashirsha<br />
|snake head<br />
|giving water to Gods and sages, the flapping of elephant's ears, slowness<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra12.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|17.<br />
|Mrigashirsha<br />
|deer head<br />
|women, calling the beloved, cheek, holding an umbrella, actor's costume, house, fear, discussion<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Mrugashirsha-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|18.<br />
|Simhamukha<br />
|lion face <br />
|elephant, lotus, coral, pearl, garland, fragrance, drop of water, salvation when placed on the heart<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra6.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|19.<br />
|Kangulashya<br />
|tail <br />
|[[monkey fruit|Lakuce fruit]], water lily, breast<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Langula-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|20.<br />
|Alapadma or Solapadma <br />
|lotus in full bloom <br />
|yearning for the beloved, mirror, moon pavilion, full moon, village, murmuring sound, praise<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra19.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|21.<br />
|Chatura<br />
|square <br />
|eyes, musk, a little, breaking to pieces<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra10.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|22.<br />
|Bhramara<br />
|bee<br />
|parrot, crane, cuckoo, union<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Bhramara-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|23.<br />
|Hamsasya<br />
|swan beak<br />
|tying the marriage thread, initiation, painting, drop of water<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra11.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|24.<br />
|Hamsapaksha<br />
|swan wing <br />
|arranging, constructing a bridge, making marks with the nails, number six<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra15.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|25.<br />
|Sandamsha<br />
|Padmakosha mudra repeatedly opened and closed <br />
|generosity, worship, offering, number five<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra17.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|26.<br />
|Mukula<br />
|flower bud<br />
|water lily, the God of love, eating<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[File:Mukhula-Hasta.jpg|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|27.<br />
|Tamrachuda<br />
|rooster<br />
|crane, camel, calf, writing or drawing<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra7.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|28.<br />
|[[Trishula]]<br />
|trident<br />
|three together, wood apple leaf<ref name="marg 1957"/><br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra18.JPG|150px]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Samyukta mudra<br />
!#<br />
! Sanskrit<br />
! English<br />
! Other Meanings<br />
! Illustration<br />
|-<br />
|1.<br />
|[[Añjali Mudrā|Anjali]]<br />
|offering<br />
|<br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra8.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|2.<br />
|Kapotam<br />
|dove<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|3.<br />
|Karkatam<br />
|crab<br />
|<br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra13.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|4.<br />
|[[Swastika|Swastikam]]<br />
|auspicious sign<br />
|<br />
|[[Image:Hasthamudra.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|5.<br />
|Dola-Hastam<br />
|drummer's hands<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|6.<br />
|Pushpaputam<br />
|bag of flowers<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|7.<br />
|Utsangam<br />
|embrace<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|8.<br />
|[[Shivalingam]]<br />
|sign of Lord Shiva<br />
|<br />
|[[File:Hasthamudra14.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|9.<br />
|Kataka-vardhanam<br />
|chain<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|10.<br />
|Kartari-swastikam<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|11.<br />
|Shakatam<br />
|carriage<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|12.<br />
|[[Shankha]]<br />
|conch shell <br />
|<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|13.<br />
|[[Chakram]]<br />
|rotating disc<br />
|<br />
|[[Image:ഹസ്തമുദ്ര3.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|14.<br />
|Pasha<br />
|ropes<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|15.<br />
|Kilaka<br />
|bond<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|16.<br />
|Samputa<br />
|round shaped casket<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|17.<br />
|[[Matsya]]<br />
|fish<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|18.<br />
|[[Kurma]]<br />
|tortoise<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|19.<br />
|[[Varaha]]<br />
|boar<br />
|<br />
|[[File:ഹസ്തമുദ്ര2.JPG|150px]]<br />
|-<br />
|20.<br />
|[[Garuda]]<br />
|half-eagle, half-human mount of Lord Vishnu<br />
|bird(s) flying<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|21.<br />
|Nagabandham<br />
|snakes entwined<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|22.<br />
|Khattva<br />
|cot<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|23.<br />
|[[Gandaberunda|Bherunda]]<br />
|pair of birds<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Khmer dances ===<br />
In [[Dance in Cambodia|Khmer dances]], mudras are known as ''kayvikear dai'' (កាយវិការដៃ). All of the mudras symbolize plants.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Name in Khmer<br />
! Translation(s) in English<br />
! Other meanings<br />
! Illustration<br />
|-<br />
|Kar chenh ph (ការចេញផ្)<br />
|Flowering<br />
|Release<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Kar dam (ការដាំ)<br />
|Planting<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Kar doh (ការដុះ)<br />
|Growing<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Phle (ផ្លែ)<br />
|Fruit<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Phle chrouh (ផ្លែជ្រុះ)<br />
|Falling fruit<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Phle toum (ផ្លែទុំ)<br />
|Ripe fruit<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sloek (ស្លឹក)<br />
|Leaves<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sloek kh (ស្លឹកខ្)<br />
|Young leaves<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Thai dances ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Name in Thai<br />
! Translation(s) in English<br />
! Other meanings<br />
! Illustration<br />
|-<br />
|Taw chan (ตัวฉัน)<br />
|I, Myself<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Taw thex (ตัวเธอ)<br />
|You<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of gestures]]<br />
* [[List of Indian dances]]<br />
* [[Adavu]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* [https://marg-art.org/product/UHJvZHVjdDoxNzQ1 Marg Magazine Volume 10 - Issue 4, pp. 12-13, 24 (September 1957)]<br />
* [https://marg-art.org/product/UHJvZHVjdDozNDUz Marg Magazine Volume 32 - Issue 2 (June 1979)]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Mudras|lcfirst=yes}}<br />
* Indianartz.com. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20121219192551/http://blog.indianartz.com/gallery/hastas/ Hasta Mudras - Gallery].''<br />
* Ramm-Bonwitt, Ingrid (1987). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1J1lkATEVJYC Mudras - As Maos Como Simbolo do Cosmos].''<br />
<br />
{{Dance in India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of mudras (dance)}}<br />
[[Category:Mudras|*]]<br />
[[Category:Dance in India]]<br />
[[Category:Dance in Thailand]]<br />
[[Category:Dance in Cambodia]]<br />
[[Category:Dance in Malaysia]]<br />
[[Category:Dance in Brunei]]<br />
[[Category:Dance in Singapore]]<br />
[[Category:Dance in Indonesia]]<br />
[[Category:India dance-related lists|Mudras]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=VPR_Mining_Infra_Private_Ltd&diff=543178VPR Mining Infra Private Ltd2025-06-06T05:53:45Z<p>Serguty: created redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]<br />
<br />
{{Rcat shell|<br />
{{R to related topic}}<br />
}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dheeraj_Singh&diff=465963Dheeraj Singh2025-05-12T05:47:43Z<p>Serguty: updated details</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Dheeraj Singh Moirangthem]]<br />
<br />
{{Redirect category shell|<br />
{{R from move}}<br />
}}</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bansberia_Kumbh_Mela&diff=489652Bansberia Kumbh Mela2025-02-23T12:15:37Z<p>Serguty: Adding a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Hindu religious mela held every year}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{about|Bansberia Kumbh Mela|all Kumbh events around India|Kumbh Mela}}<br />
{{Infobox recurring event<br />
| name = Bansberia Kumbh Mela<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| image = {{Photo montage<br />
| photo1a = Surajmondal reizen banshberia kumbh 1.png<br />
| photo2b=Surajmondal reizen banshberia kumbh 2.png<br />
| size= 240px<br />
| spacing =<br />
| color =<br />
| color_border = }}<br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| status = active<br />
| genre = Fair<br />
| frequency = Every year<br />
| prev = <br />
| next = <br />
| venue = Banks of [[Hooghly River]]<br />
| location = [[Bansberia]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| participants = [[Akhara]]s, pilgrims and merchants<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Bansberia Kumbh Mela''', also known as '''Bansberia Tribeni Sangam Kumbha Mela''', is a mela, or religious gathering, associated with Hinduism and held at the town [[Bansberia]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]], at the [[Triveni Sangam]], the confluence of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]], [[Saraswati River (West Bengal)|Saraswati]], and the [[Jamuna River (West Bengal)|Jamuna]] river.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-03 |title=Kumbh Mela in Tribeni: West Bengal town gears up for major pilgrimage |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/travel-tourism-kumbh-mela-in-tribeni-west-bengal-town-gears-up-for-major-pilgrimage-2887125/ |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-01 |title=Bansberia kumbh mela showcased in 100th episode of Mann Ki Baat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bansberia-kumbh-mela-showcased-in-100th-episode-of-mann-ki-baat/articleshow/99898411.cms |access-date=2024-12-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
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The tradition of organizing the Kumbh Mela during [[Makar Sankranti]] ([[Maghe Sankranti|Magh Sankranti]]) at this site existed for centuries. In [[Raghunandana|Raghunandan Bhattacharya's]] Prayaschitta Tattva, Tribeni is referred to as the Prayag of the South. After the [[Gangasagar Mela]], saints and sages would travel on foot to [[Tribeni, Hooghly|Tribeni]] to bathe in its holy waters. Tribeni, along with [[Saptagram]], served as a center of education, culture, and trade. However, during [[Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent|Muslim rule]] and the [[British Raj|British era]], the temples and pilgrimage sites of Tribeni were destroyed, leading to the decline of the Kumbh Mela tradition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-22 |title=West Bengal: Return of Tribeni Kumbh Mela after 700 years; was discontinued after Islamic invasion of Bengal |url=https://hindupost.in/dharma-religion/tribeni-kumbh-mela-after-700-yrs-wb/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=hindupost.in |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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== History and Mythology ==<br />
=== History ===<br />
Some historians claim that the last Bansberia Kumbha Mela occurred in 1298 AD.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-02-06 |title=After 1298, Bengali Kumbha Mela Returns To Hooghly's Tribeni |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/after-1298-bengali-kumbha-mela-returns-to-hooghlys-tribeni-enn25020602749 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> In 1979, researcher [[Alan Morinis]] mentioned Tribeni's holy bathing in [[Sankranti]] in his research paper submitted to [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]]. The mela is also referenced in [[Bengali literature]]. After 700 years, the [[Kumbh Mela]] was revived in [[Bansberia]] [[Tribeni, Hooghly|Tribeni]], in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=মাঝি |first=সুমন |date=2023-02-10 |title=দীর্ঘ ৭০৩ বছর পর কুম্ভমেলার আয়োজন হুগলির ত্রিবেণীতে, সাজ সাজ রব |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/hooghly-news/after-long-703-years-kumbh-mela-once-again-arrange-in-hooghly-tribeni/97806684.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2023-02-12 |title=Triveni Kumbh Mela: 703 বছর পর কুম্ভমেলা বসল বাংলার ত্রিবেণীতে, সোমে শাহি স্নান |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/state/hooghly/after-703-years-kumbh-mela-takes-place-at-tribeni-devotees-to-take-holy-bath-on-monday/wb20230212164331023023524 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-03 |title=Kumbh Mela in Tribeni: West Bengal town gears up for major pilgrimage |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/travel-tourism-kumbh-mela-in-tribeni-west-bengal-town-gears-up-for-major-pilgrimage-2887125/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Mythology ===<br />
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According to [[Skanda Purana]], King Priyavanta of Kashadwipa had seven children - ''Agnitra, Medhatithi, Vapusman, Jyotisman, Dutisman, Saban, and Bhavya'' - who made it through the hardships to achieve Siddhi. They built ashramas in seven villages in the vicinity of [[Tribeni, Hooghly|Tribeni Dham]] - <u>Basudevpur, Banshberiya, Nityanandpur, Krishnapur, Devanandpur, Shivpur and Baladghati</u> which are collectively called [[Saptagram]], once famous trading ports.<ref name=":0" /> <br />
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It is important to note that the significance of Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj and Tribeni Sangam in Hooghly is distinct. The ancient Saraswati River is ephemeral in Prayagraj which meets the Ganges and Yamuna, earning it the moniker '<nowiki/>'''''Yaktabeni'''''<nowiki/>' while at Hooghly's Tribeni, Yamuna is ephemeral and the Ganges and Saraswati have freed here, known as ''''''Muktabeni'''''<nowiki/>'.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biswas |first=Saikat |title=Tribeni: A historical town of Bengal |url=https://www.ijhsss.com/files/13.-Saikat-Biswas.pdf |journal=International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies |pages=126}}</ref><br />
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== Rituals ==<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Kumbh Mela}}<br />
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{{coord missing|West Bengal}}<br />
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[[Category:Kumbh Mela]]<br />
[[Category:January observances]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]<br />
[[Category:Festivals in India]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of India]]<br />
[[Category:Tourism in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in India]]<br />
[[Category:Fairs in India]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golconda_painting&diff=500769Golconda painting2025-02-21T08:38:34Z<p>Serguty: New details...</p>
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<div>{{Short description|School of Indian miniature painting}}<br />
{{About|school of painting developed under the Golconda Sultanate|painting by Rene Magritte|Golconda (Magritte)}}<br />
[[File:Anonymous_-_Wedding_Procession_of_Sultan_Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah_ca._1650.jpg|thumb|Wedding Procession of Sultan [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] ca. 1650]]<br />
[[File:Polo_match,_folio_5a_of_the_Kulliyat_of_Sultan_Muhammad_Quli_Qutb_Shah,_Golconda,_c._1590-1600_27.7_X_14.5_cm,_Salar_Jung_Museum.png|thumb|Polo match, folio 5a of the Kulliyat of Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Golconda, c. 1590-1600 27.7 X 14.5 cm, Salar Jung Museum]]<br />
'''Golconda painting''' refers to the school of miniature painting developed during the reign of the [[Sultanate of Golconda|Golconda Sultanate]]. It is itself a type of [[Deccan painting]], and closely related to other Deccan schools, such as Bijapur and Ahmednagar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quraishi |first=Fatima |date=2015-05-26 |title=Games of Scale in a Golconda Painting - The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/games-of-scale |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Characteristics ==<br />
{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2024|section}}<br />
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Artists from all over India and the Islamic world emigrated to Golconda, up until the Mughal conquest in 1687. Consequently, Golconda paintings are the most heterogenous among the styles of the Deccan sultanates.<br />
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A local character did develop inevitably—especially in the use of local pigments. Zebrowski characterizes Golconda paintings as having a "tense opulence that is quite different from the poignant romanticism of Bijapur or the refined dignity of Ahmadnagar portraiture."<br />
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== History ==<br />
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=== Ibrahim Qutb Shah ===<br />
Sultan Ibrahim is regarded as the first patron of miniature paintings among the Golconda sultans.<br />
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=== Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah ===<br />
[[File:A prince hawking.jpg|thumb|A prince hawking]]<br />
The fifth sultan of the dynasty, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, is regarded as an important patron of the arts. Most of the surviving paintings from this period are contained within a manuscript of the ''Kulliyat'' (collection) of the sultan's poetry, located in the [[Salar Jung Museum]]. This work is considered to be the sultan's own copy, owing to its rich illustration and illumination.{{Sfn|Zebrowski|1983|p=159}}<br />
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The paintings make heavy use of Persian imagery, incorporating very few new elements, only in terms of the color palette used and the technique of the application of marbled paper to represent objects, such as the body of a peacock.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weinstein |first=Laura |date=2014 |title=Variations On A Persian Theme |url=https://www.academia.edu/36862807 |journal=The Visual World of Muslim India|pages=179–204 |doi=10.5040/9780755603831.ch-008 |isbn=978-0-7556-0383-1 }}</ref><br />
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Four paintings of note are attributed to a Golconda artist, active in the early seventeenth century. ''A Prince Hawking'' is the most famous of these, deriving from Bijapur paintings such as ''Yogini''. <br />
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=== Abdullah Qutb Shah ===<br />
As Golconda turned into a Mughal protectorate, the paintings from the 1630s and onwards show a distinctive Mughal influence. Golconda portraitists started placing their subjects against an empty background, as was done in Mughal portraits. <br />
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=== Abul Hasan Qutb Shah ===<br />
[[File:Tree_on_the_Island_of_Waqwaq._Golconda,_early_17th_century_Ink,_opaque_watercolor,_and_gold_on_paper_Museum_für_Islamische_Kunst,_Staatliche_Museen_zu_Berlin.jpg|thumb|Tree on the [[al-Wakwak|Island of Waqwaq]]. Golconda, early 17th century Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper Museum für Islamische Kunst, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin]]<br />
[[Hermann Goetz (art historian)|Hermann Goetz]] states, "All the datable products of this school belong to the times of Sultan Abul- Hasan. There is, however, every reason to believe that this school originated under his predecessor ‘Abdullah, during whose reign Golconda art was strongly influenced by that of the Emperor Jahangir's and, to a less extent, that of Shah Jahan’s court."<br />
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Mark Zebrowski posits that painters from Bijapur emigrated to Golconda in the middle of the seventeenth century, as can be seen from the influence of the Bijapur school in paintings of this period.{{Sfn|Zebrowski|1983|p=193}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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===Sources===<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Zebrowski |first=Mark |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.25577 |title=Deccani painting |date=1983 |publisher=Sotheby Publications |isbn=9780520048782}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Goetz |first=Hermann |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85383 |title=Notes On A Collection Of Historical Portraits Form Golconda|date=1949 }}<br />
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[[Category:Schools of Indian painting]]<br />
[[Category:Sultanate of Golconda]]</div>Sergutyhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet&diff=446405Coorgi–Cox alphabet2025-01-12T02:46:35Z<p>Serguty: cleanup</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Dravidian writing system}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Writing system<br />
|name=Coorgi-Cox alphabet<br />
|altname=<br />
|type=[[Alphabet]]<br />
|language=[[Kodava language|Kodava]] <br />
|fam1=<br />
|fam2=<br />
|fam3=<br />
|fam4=<br />
|sample=Shukla Coorgi-Cox.svg<br />
|imagesize=260px<br />
|caption='Coorgi-Cox' in Coorgi-Cox alphabet<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Coorgi-cox.jpg|thumb|Coorgi–Cox alphabet]]<br />
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The '''Coorgi–Cox alphabet''' is an [[alphabet]]<ref name="unicode">{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Anshuman |date=2012-06-22 |title=Introducing the Coorgi-Cox Alphabet |url=http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4287.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013081753/http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4287.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 October 2012}}</ref> developed by the [[linguist]] Gregg M. Cox that is used by a number of individuals within [[Kodagu district]] of India to write the endangered [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian language]] of [[Kodava language|Kodava]], also known sometimes as ''Coorgi''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/12/stories/2006031206840300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201103102/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/12/stories/2006031206840300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2007|title=Debate on Kodava script continues|date=12 March 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=29 December 2011}}</ref><br />
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The script uses a combination of 26 [[consonant]] letters, eight [[vowel]] letters and a [[diphthong]] marker. Each letter represents a single sound and there are no [[capital letter]]s.<ref name=unicode/> A computer-based font has been created.<ref>The Coorgi-Cox handbook, Feb. 2005.</ref><br />
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The script was developed out of the request by a group of Kodava individuals to have a distinct script for Kodava Takk, to distinguish the language. Kodava Takk is generally written in the [[Kannada script]], but can also be found written in the [[Malayalam script]], especially along the borders with [[Kerala]]. The new script is intended as a unified writing system for all Kodava Takk speakers.<ref>Gregg Cox, April 2005. {{fcn|date=January 2020}}</ref><br />
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In order to introduce the script, 10,000 CD booklets and 25,000 post cards with various scenes from the region were produced and distributed throughout the Coorg area in March and April 2005. Several books are being planned including a [[phrase book]] and [[dictionary]].<ref>Sujet publishers, Sep. 2007. {{fcn|date=January 2020}}</ref><br />
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==Unicode==<br />
The Coorgi-Cox alphabet was proposed to Unicode in 2012, and as of 2021 it was tagged as a "Script Proposal in Progress".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Deborah |date=25 July 2021 |title=SEI Liaison Report |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21131-sei-liaison-rept.pdf |website=unicode.org}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{List of writing systems|Alphabets}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Coorgi-Cox alphabet}}<br />
[[Category:Kodava people]]<br />
[[Category:Writing systems]]<br />
[[Category:Writing systems introduced in the 21st century]]</div>Serguty