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Uttar Pradesh Gramin Bank

2026-05-08T07:52:05Z

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{{Short description|Regional Rural Bank in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Uttar Pradesh Gramin Bank
| logo = Upgb logo.png
| logo_size = 400
| logo_caption = {{font color |
#1d6194 | '''आपकी उन्नति, हमारा लक्ष्य'''}}
| native_name = '''उत्तर प्रदेश ग्रामीण बैंक'''
| native_name_lang = hi
| image = UPGB HQ.jpg
| image_caption = Uttar Pradesh Gramin Bank Headquarter Lucknow
| type = [[Regional Rural Bank]]
| traded_as =
| predecessor = {{UBL|'''Aryavart Bank'''|'''Baroda UP Bank'''|'''Prathama UP Gramin Bank'''}}
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2025|05|01}}
| founder =
| defunct = 
| hq_location = 2nd and 3rd floor, NBCC Commercial Complex, Vardan Khand, Gomti Nagar Extension, [[Lucknow]] - 226010 [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| location_city =
| location_country = [[India]]
| area_served = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| key_people = '''Shri Yadav S. Thakur''' ([[Chairman]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://upgb.bank.in/board_of_directors.php |title= Board of Directors UPGB}}</ref>
| industry = [[Financial services]] [[Banking]]
| products = {{ubl|[[Retail banking]]|[[Corporate banking]]|[[Mortgage loan]]s| [[Private banking]]|[[Insurance]] }}
| production =
| services = {{Unbulleted list|[[Financial services]]|[[Banking]]}}
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum = 
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = {{UBL|[[Government of India]] (50%)|[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] (15%)|[[Bank of Baroda]] (35%)}}
| num_locations = 4330 Branches
| num_employees = 19600+
| parent = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://upgb.bank.in/|}}
| footnotes =
}}

The ''' Uttar Pradesh Gramin Bank (UPGB)''' is an Indian [[Regional rural bank]] '''(RRB)''' in [[Uttar Pradesh]] established on 1 May 2025.<ref>Govt of India Notification CG-DL-E-07042025-262329 dated 07 April 2025 issued by the Department of Financial Services</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/industry/banking/govt-announces-one-state-one-rrb-implementation-from-may-1-2025-125040800039_1.html | title=Govt announces 'One State, One RRB' implementation from May 1, 2025 }}</ref> The bank<ref>{{cite web|url=https://upgb.bank.in/about.php |title= Uttar Pradesh Gramin Bank about info}}</ref> was formed by the amalgamation of Aryavart Bank, Baroda UP Bank and Prathama UP Gramin Bank under The "One State, One RRB"<ref>{{cite web | author1=Livemint | title='One state-one RRB' to be effective from May 1 after govt approves consolidation of 15 regional rural banks | Mint | work=mint | date=8 April 2025 | url=https://www.livemint.com/economy/one-state-one-rrb-to-be-effective-from-may-1-after-govt-approves-consolidation-of-15-regional-rural-banks-11744118507326.html }}</ref> policy of government. It currently has 4330 branches in rural areas of all 75 [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|Districts]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

It functions under Regional Rural Banks' Act 1976 and is sponsored by [[Bank of Baroda]].

== History ==
{{Main article|History of Regional Rural Banks in Uttar Pradesh}}
=== Aryavart Bank ===
[[Allahabad UP Gramin Bank]] and [[Gramin Bank of Aryavart]] were merged, and renamed as Aryavart Bank e.r.f 01.04.2019, under the sponsorship of [[Bank of India]]. The bank had 1365 branches and 22 regional offices<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aryavart-rrb.com/about.html|title=Gramin Bank of Aryavart – About GBA|first=Utkarsh|last=Srivastava|website=Aryavart-rrb.com|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=11 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711094917/http://www.aryavart-rrb.com/about.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> at the time of amalgamation in 26 districts of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

The Head Office of Aryavart Bank was located at A-2/46, Vijay Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, which later on 01.04.2025 relocated to its new premise; 2nd and 3rd floor, NBCC Commercial Complex, Vardan Khand, Gomti Nagar Extension, [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], 226010. Shortly before the official merger date.

=== Baroda UP Bank===
The RRBs were established in India under RRB Act 1976 [23(1)]. As per Govt of India notification no 3837 dated 26.11.2019, '''Baroda Uttar Pradesh Gramin Bank''', '''Purvanchal Bank''' and '''Kashi Gomti Samyut Gramin Bank''' has been amalgamated to form '''Baroda U.P. Bank''' under the sponsorship of [[Bank of Baroda]].

=== Prathama UP Gramin Bank ===
'''Prathama Bank''' and '''Sarva UP Gramin Bank''' merged with name '''Prathama UP Gramin Bank'''.The bank had 960 branches around 19 districts of [[Uttar Pradesh]]; it also had one branch in [[Haridwar]] District of [[Uttarakhand]].The bank was sponsored by the [[Punjab National Bank]].

Prathama Bank ([[Literally|lit.]] First Bank) was established in 1975 by [[Syndicate Bank]]. It was the first RRB in India.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[Regional rural bank]]
* [[List of banks in India]]
* [[Public sector banks in India]]
* [[Banking in India]]
* [[Reserve Bank of India]]
* [[Indian Financial System Code]]
* [[Make in India]]
* [[List of largest banks]]
* [[List of companies of India]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://upgb.bank.in/ Official site]
* [https://ibanking.upgb.bank.in/ Internet Banking]

{{Banking in India}}

[[Category:Banks established in 2025]]
[[Category:Regional rural banks of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:2025 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2025]]
[[Category:Lucknow]]
[[Category:Bank of Baroda]]
[[Category:Economy of Uttar Pradesh]]

Sheopur Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T17:13:50Z

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{{short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sheopur
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 1
| map_image = 1-Sheopur.svg
| mla = [[Babu Jandel]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| preceded_by = Durgalal Vijay
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Sheopur district|Sheopur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Morena Lok Sabha constituency|Morena]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
}}

'''Sheopur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=12 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 1951, as Sheopur Pohri, one of the 79 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile [[Madhya Bharat]] state.<ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat|page=5|publisher=Election Commission of India website}}</ref>

Sheopur (constituency number 1) is one of the two Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Sheopur district]]. This constituency covers the entire Sheopur sub-division.<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=226, 250}}</ref>

Sheopur is part of [[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena Lok Sabha constituency]] in [[Morena district]].<ref name="ceo"/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Raghunath (politician)|Raghunath]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Hindu Mahasabha}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Hindu Mahasabha]]
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Ram Swaroop
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|S Tiwari
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Lokendra Singh
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Gulab Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Badri Prasad
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Satyabhanu Chauhan
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}" |
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Gulab Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Rama Shankar Bhardwaj
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Brijraj Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Durgalal Vijay
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Brijraj Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|Durgalal Vijay
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Babu Jandel]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sheopur<ref name="election2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-polls-2023/story/madhya-pradesh-election-bjp-second-candidate-list-shivraj-singh-chouhan-2440421-2023-09-25|title=3 Union ministers feature in BJP's second list for Madhya Pradesh polls|work=India Today|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Babu Jandel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:96844}}
|percentage = 45.7
|change = -9.47
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Durgalal Vijay
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:85714}}
|percentage = 40.45
|change = +8.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bihari Singh Solanki
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:23054}}
|percentage = 10.88
|change = +2.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1801}}
|percentage = 0.85
|change = -0.15
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11130}}
|percentage = 5.25
|change = -18.09
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:211909}}
|percentage = 81.83
|change = +2.31
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sheopur<ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=State Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh - Detailed Results|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Election2018/Form-21%20E%20Candidate%20wise%20Votes%20Details%202018.pdf|website=ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Babu Jandel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:98580}}
|percentage = 55.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Durgalal Vijay
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:56870}}
|percentage = 31.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Tulsinarayan Meena
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:14444}}
|percentage = 8.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ad.Kuldeep Singh
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2142}}
|percentage = 1.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1794}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:41710}}
|percentage = 23.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:178690}}
|percentage = 79.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
===2008===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sheopur<ref name="ceo"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Brijraj Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 39472
|percentage = 34.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Durgalal Vijay
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 30020
|percentage = 25.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Babulal
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 20818
|percentage = 17.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Moolchand Rawat
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 14943
|percentage = 12.89
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Hiralal Mali
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2032
|percentage = 1.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 115972
|percentage = 72.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
* [[Sheopur]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.67|76.69|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sheopur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Velachery Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T14:43:15Z

Sergqpm:

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Velachery
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 26
| map_image = Constitution-Velachery.svg
| mla = [[R. Kumar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{legend2|Dark Red|'''[[TVK-led Alliance|TVK+]]'''|border=solid 1px #000}}
| latest_election_year = 2026
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Chennai district|Chennai]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai South]]
| established = 2008
| electors = 217,171
}}

'''Velachery''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]], India, that was formed after constituency [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 26. It forms a part of [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections.
It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[M. K. Ashok]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[Vagai Chandrasekhar]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional%20Data%20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=26}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[J. M. H. Aassan Maulaana]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[R. Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}|43.42}}
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.15}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|39.96}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.91}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Velachery}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Kumar|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=80,430|percentage=43.42|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. K. Ashok]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=47,125|percentage=25.50|change={{decrease}}11.16}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. M. H. Aassan Maulaana]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=45,928|percentage=24.85|change={{decrease}}14.30}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Keerthana|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=7,697|percentage=4.16|change={{decrease}}3.94}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=1,336|percentage=0.72|change={{decrease}}0.28}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=33,305 |percentage=18.02 |change={{increase}}15.53}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,84,815|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,17,171|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}43.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Velachery}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. M. H. Aassan Maulaana]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=68,493 |percentage=39.15 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. K. Ashok]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,141 |percentage=36.66 |change=+1.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Santhosh Babu|party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=23,072 |percentage=13.19 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Keerthana |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=14,171 |percentage=8.10 |change=+5.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Chandrabose |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,977 |percentage=1.13 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,742 |percentage=1.00 |change=-1.41 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,352 |percentage=2.49 |change= -2.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=174,972 |percentage=55.63 |change= -2.71 }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=70|percentage=0.04 }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 314,537 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -0.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Velachery<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC20WISE20CANDIDATE20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC20WISE20CANDIDATE20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Vagai Chandrasekhar]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,139 |percentage=39.96 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Munusamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=61,267 |percentage=34.91 |change=-19.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sritharan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,472 |percentage=8.25 |change=+3.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. N. Rajan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=9,654 |percentage=5.50 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vinoba Bhoopathy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=6,809 |percentage=3.88 |change=-29.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=4,225 |percentage=2.41 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Chandrasekaran |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=4,011 |percentage=2.29 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raja Krishnamoorthy @ Kitty |party=Independent politician |votes=2,477 |percentage=1.41 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,872 |percentage=5.05 |change= -15.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=175,522 |percentage=58.33 |change= -8.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 300,891 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -13.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Velachery<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. K. Ashok]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=82,145 |percentage=53.91 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Jayaraman |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=50,425 |percentage=33.10 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Sarathbabu |party=Independent politician |votes=7,472 |percentage=4.90 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Tamilisai Soundararajan|Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,048 |percentage=4.63 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Senthil Kumar Arumugam |party=Loktantrik Samajwadi Party |votes=1,225 |percentage=0.80 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. N. Seshadri |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,036 |percentage=0.68 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,720 |percentage=20.82 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=152,364 |percentage=67.05 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 227,249 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Chennai]]
[[Category:Chennai district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Rajarajeswaramudaiya Mahadevar Temple

2026-05-06T22:06:08Z

Sergqpm: Created first location from scratch

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}{{Infobox temple|image=|alt=|caption=|map_type=India Tamil Nadu|map_caption=Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]|coordinates={{coord|13.0215|N|79.7905|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}|country=[[India]]|state=[[Tamil Nadu]]|district=[[Kanchipuram District|Kanchipuram]]|location=Sivapuram|elevation_m=|deity=Rajarajeswaramudaiya Mahadevar ([[Shiva]]), Theerthapaleeswarar|architecture=|name=Rajarajeswaramudaiya Mahadevar Temple|native_name=இராஜராஜேஸ்வரமுடைய மகாதேவர் கோவில்|founded_by=[[Rajaraja Cholan]]|native_name_lang=ta|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]|governing_body=[[Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology]]|established=10th century|inscriptions=[[Tamil script|Tamil]]|architecture_type=[[Dravidian architecture#Cholas|Dravidian, Cholas period]]}}

'''Rajarajeswaramudaiya Mahadevar Temple''' ({{Langx|ta|இராஜராஜேஸ்வரமுடைய மகாதேவர் கோவில்}}, Sivapuram Sivan Temple is a [[Hindu temple|Shiva temple]] located in Sivapuram in [[Kanchipuram District]] of Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>[https://veludharan.blogspot.com/2023/02/sri-kamakshi-samedha-sri.html (Rajarajeswaramudaiya Mahadevar Koil)]</ref><ref>https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s31543843a4723ed2ab08e18053ae6dc5b/uploads/2018/04/2018040687.pdf</ref>

== History ==
This temple was initially built by [[Rajaraja I|Rajaraja Cholan]] during the 10th century C.E. and later developed by his son [[Rajendra Chola I]].

== Deities ==
The main deity in the temple is called "Rajarajeswaramudaiya Mahadevar" and also as Theerthapaleeswarar. His consort is [[Parvati|Kamakshi Amman.]]

== Rock inscriptions ==
The temple walls are full of inscriptions from top to bottom. These inscriptions are of both Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I period.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SIVAN KOIL – SIVAPURAM |url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/sivankoil |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=Government of Tamil Nadu, Department of Archaeology}}</ref>

One of the inscriptions gives the various titles of Rajendra Chola I. It also gives the information that he donated 180 goats to the temple for the upkeep of two ''Nanda lights'' (lanterns)

This temple is a treasure house for students who wish to research on Tamil inscriptions of the 10th and 11th centuries.

== Management ==
The temple is managed by the [[Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology]]. The temple is maintained in good condition and further development works are being carried out.

== Location ==
Rajarajeswaramudaiya Mahadevar Temple is located 100 meters from the Sivapuram Bus-Halt on the highway connecting [[Thiruvallur]] and [[Thakkolam]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* [https://tamilnadu-favtourism.blogspot.com/2018/07/rajarajeswaramudaiya-mahadevar-temple-sivapuram-thiruvallur.html Rajarajeswaramudaiya Mahadevar Temple]

== Additional information ==
* [https://www.geotamil.com/index.php/2021-02-11-18-08-43/4774-2018-11-04-01-27-06 Sivapuram Rajarajeswaram] (in Tamil-language)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGRzdYO5S00 Sivapuram Sivan Kovil] (in Tamil-language)

[[Category:Shiva temples in Kanchipuram district]]
[[Category:10th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Chola architecture]]

K. Annadurai

2026-05-06T00:20:05Z

Sergqpm:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. Annadurai
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| image = K.Annadurai.jpg
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| constituency = [[Pattukkottai Assembly constituency|Pattukkottai]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = C.V.Sekar
}}
'''K. Annadurai''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Pattukkottai Assembly constituency|Pattukkottai]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in 1989,1991,2021,2026.<ref>{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222083359/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC176.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC176.pdf|access-date= 27 Apr 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pattukkottai Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a176|access-date= 27 Apr 2022}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Pattukkottai Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Pattukkottai Assembly constituency|2021}}}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Pattukkottai Assembly constituency|1991}}}}
{{transcluded section|source=Varahur Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Varahur Assembly constituency|1989}}}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Annadurai, K}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}
{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Protests against the death of Anish Khan

2026-05-01T05:39:04Z

Sergqpm:

{{short description|2022 protests in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date = June 2021}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Protests against the death of Anish Khan
| image = {{Multiple image
|total_width=290
|border=infobox
|perrow=1/2
|caption_align=center
|image1=
|caption1=A massive gathering of SFI-DYFI activists at Insaf Sabha
|image2=
|caption2=SFI supporters in Kolkata demanding justice for Anish Khan
|image3=
|caption3=[[Aliah University]] massive students marching in the Mahakaran Abhiyan and were arrested 58 students of Aliah University
}}
| caption =
| date = February 18, 2022 – March 2022
| place = [[West Bengal]] and abroad
| coordinates =
| concessions = SIT investigation ordered by the government
| causes = Murder of Anish Khan
| methods = Protests, sit-ins, demonstrations, clashes with police
| status = Ongoing
| result = Government-ordered SIT probe; arrests made
| side1 = [[File:Socialist red flag.svg|25px]] '''Protesters'''
<nowiki>students]]</nowiki>
*'''Civilians and Students'''
* '' ' Aliah University''' [[General students]]
*'''Student organizations'''
** [[File:SFI-flag.svg|25px]] [[Students' Federation of India|SFI]]
** [[File:AISF Flag.svg|25px]] [[All India Students Federation|AISF]]
** PSU
** AISB
** Other left student organizations
*'''Youth organizations'''
** [[File:DYFI-flag.svg|25px]] [[Democratic Youth Federation of India|DYFI]]
** [[File:Aiyf.svg|25px]] [[All India Youth Federation|AIYF]]
** [[File:Aiyl2.PNG|25px]] [[All India Youth League|AIYL]]
** Other left youth organizations
----
*'''Political parties'''
** [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|25px]] [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
** [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|25px]] [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
** [[File:All India Forward Bloc flag.svg|25px]] [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]
** [[File:RSP-flag.svg|25px]] [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]
** Other left parties
** '''Other support'''
*** [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|25px]] [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
*** Others
| side2 = '''Government of West Bengal'''
* '''[[Department of Home and Hill Affairs]]'''
** [[File:West Bengal Police Flag.jpg|25px]] [[West Bengal Police]]
**[[Kolkata Police]]
----
* '''Supported by'''
** [[File:All India Trinamool Congress flag.svg|25px]] [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]
** [[File:Trinamool Chhatra Parishad flag.svg|25px]] [[Trinamool Chhatra Parishad]]
| leadfigures1 = * [[Md Irfan Sadique]]
* [[ Mansur Habibulla]]
* Sajidur Rahman
* [[Mirajul Islam (protestor)|Mirajul Islam]]
* [[ Hasan Midya]]
* Masudur Rahman
* [[ Nasim Nawaz]]
* [[Minakshi Mukherjee]]
* [[Srijan Bhattacharyya]]
* [[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]
* Others
| leadfigures2 = * [[Mamata Banerjee]] (Chief Minister, Home Minister)
** Vineet Kumar Goyal (Commissioner, KP, until 2024)
** Manoj Kumar Verma (Commissioner, KP, Incumbent
** [[Manoj Malaviya]] (DGP, WBP until 2023)
** [[Rajeev Kumar (Indian politician)|Rajeev Kumar]] (DGP, WBP Incumbent)
| howmany1 = Lakhs of protesters across the state
| howmany2 = Police and security forces
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| injuries = 200+ protesters injured in clashes
| fatalities =
| arrests = 350+ protesters detained
| charged =
| fined =
| effect =
| image_size =
| sidebox =
}}

The '''protest against the death of Anish Khan''', also known as the '''justice for Anish Khan protest''', began on 18 February 2022 after the death of [[Students' Federation of India]] activist Anish Khan. SFI, [[All India Students' Federation|AISF]] and other organizations organised protests, including rallies, [[Human chain (politics)|human chains]] and demonstrations.

The protests began in [[Jadavpur]] and [[Park Circus]], initiated by students at [[Aliah University]], led by Md Irfan, Habibulla, Sajidur Rahman, Mirajul Islam. Irfan Sadique stated that Anish Khan had repeatedly lodged serious complaints regarding threats from local TMCP leaders and police, but no security measures were provided. Within six months, Anish Khan was killed inside his residence at night. According to reports, police did not arrest the alleged main culprits. A Special Investigation Team (SIT) later stated that Khan had died after slipping from a pipe, a conclusion that was rejected by his family members and protesters; day after day protest rapidly spread across the state of [[West Bengal]] and throughout [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kolkatatv.org/district-news/anish-khan-mystery-over-anish-khan-murder-case/|title=Anish Khan: আমতায় মেধাবী ছাত্র আনিস খুনে বাড়ছে রহস্য, অধরা বহু প্রশ্ন|date=19 February 2022|website=Kolkata TV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-case-of-west-bengal-student-activist-anish-khans-death |title=Who Was Anish Khan, the Youth Whose Death Has Sparked Protests in Kolkata? |date=February 24, 2022 |website=www.thequint.com |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223073731/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-case-of-west-bengal-student-activist-anish-khans-death |archive-date=23 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mondal |first1=Rittick |title=Who was Anish Khan, the student leader whose death has brought Bengal to the streets |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/anish-khan-student-leader-death-west-bengal-protests-1917308-2022-02-24 |access-date=14 February 2023 |work=[[India Today]] |date=24 February 2022}}</ref>

== Background ==
Anish Khan (25 July 1993 – 18 February 2022) was a student at [[Aliah University]].<ref name="Quint Feb 3 2022">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-case-of-west-bengal-student-activist-anish-khans-death|title=Who Was Anish Khan, the Youth Whose Death Has Sparked Protests in Kolkata?|first=Debayan|last=Dutta|date=23 February 2022|website=TheQuint|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=23 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223073731/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-case-of-west-bengal-student-activist-anish-khans-death|url-status=live}}</ref> At midnight on 18 February 2022, Khan was allegedly killed by four people dressed as police officers. Three police officers who influenced the case were suspended by the [[government of West Bengal]]. A special investigation team (SIT) named Debabrata Chakraborty, Sourav Kanrar, Pritam Bhattacharjee, Nirmal Das and Kashinath Bera as conspirators and killers in its charge sheet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/calcutta-hc-rules-out-cbi-probe-in-anish-khan-s-death-asks-family-to-cooperate-101645721096158.html|title=Calcutta HC rules out CBI probe in Anish Khan's death; asks family to cooperate|date=24 February 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224215534/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/calcutta-hc-rules-out-cbi-probe-in-anish-khan-s-death-asks-family-to-cooperate-101645721096158.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/anish-khan-death-case-family-demands-arrest-of-tmc-mla-police-officer/846168/|title=Anish Khan death case: Family demands arrest of TMC MLA, police officer|date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224215527/https://theprint.in/india/anish-khan-death-case-family-demands-arrest-of-tmc-mla-police-officer/846168/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/police-suspend-3-personnel-in-anish-khans-death-case-family-declines-to-speak-to-sit/843046/|title=Police suspend 3 personnel in Anish Khan's death case; family declines to speak to SIT|date=22 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224215540/https://theprint.in/india/police-suspend-3-personnel-in-anish-khans-death-case-family-declines-to-speak-to-sit/843046/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/3-police-men-suspended-in-students-death-case-in-bengal/articleshow/89757955.cms?from=mdr|title=3 police men suspended in student's death case in Bengal|first=Jayatri|last=Nag|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=23 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223023243/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/3-police-men-suspended-in-students-death-case-in-bengal/articleshow/89757955.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/kolkata/story/anish-khan-student-leader-kolkata-police-personnel-suspected-1916214-2022-02-22|title=3 cops suspended over death of Kolkata student leader Anish Khan|date=22 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222123839/https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/kolkata/story/anish-khan-student-leader-kolkata-police-personnel-suspected-1916214-2022-02-22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/3-police-men-suspended-in-students-death-case-in-bengal/articleshow/89757955.cms?from=mdr%7Ctitle=3|title=3 police men suspended in student's death case in Bengal|first=Jayatri|last=Nag|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/india/police-suspend-3-personnel-in-anish-khans-death-case-family-declines-to-speak-to-sit/843046/ |title=Police suspend 3 personnel in Anish Khan's death case; family declines to speak to SIT |date=February 22, 2022 |website=theprint.in |agency=PTI News |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224215540/https://theprint.in/india/police-suspend-3-personnel-in-anish-khans-death-case-family-declines-to-speak-to-sit/843046/ |archive-date=24 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-case-of-west-bengal-student-activist-anish-khans-death%7Ctitle=Who</ref>

== Protests ==
*On 18 February, Aliah University students of held a rally in [[Park Circus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/kolkata/story/death-of-student-leader-sparks-anger-in-west-bengal-s-howrah-1915350-2022-02-20|title=Death of student leader sparks protests in Kolkata|first1=Rittick |last1=Mondal|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/1017820/kolkata-hundreds-protest-death-of-student-leader-anish-khan-clash-with-police|title=Kolkata: Hundreds protest death of student leader Anish Khan, clash with police|author=Scroll Staff|website=Scroll.in|date=20 February 2022 }}</ref> Two policemen and one student were seriously injured. And then protest spread across the State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/kolkata-news/protest-in-kolkata-over-student-leaders-death-sees-clashes-with-police-2778030|title=Protest In Kolkata Over Student Leader's Death Sees Clashes With Police|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/protests-erupt-over-death-of-student-leader-in-kolkata/article65066178.ece|title=Protests erupt over death of student leader in Kolkata|first=Shiv Sahay|last=Singh|newspaper=The Hindu |date=19 February 2022|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

*On 21 February, Students Against Fascism, the [[Students' Federation of India|SFI]] and [[All India Students Association|AISA]] organised a rally in Kolkata from [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]] to [[Mahatma Gandhi Road (Kolkata)|M.G. Road]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/city/kolkata/kolkata-civil-society-organize-a-protest-rally-for-anish-khan/wb20220221221651242|title=Anish Khan Murder Case : আনিস খানের মৃত্যুর বিচার চেয়ে বাম বুদ্ধিজীবীদের মিছিল|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsd.in/protests-continue-over-death-of-student-leader-anish-khan-in-west-bengal/|title=Protests continue over death of student leader Anish Khan in West Bengal|website=Newsd.in|date=23 February 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/hundreds-participate-in-rally-seeking-fair-independent-probe-into-death-of-student-leader-4796645.html|title=Police Suspend 3 Personnel in Student Leader Anish Khan's Death Case; Hundreds Participate in Rally Seeking Fair Probe|date=22 February 2022|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/rights/anish-khan-death-two-security-personnel-arrested|title=WB: Home Guard, Civic Volunteer Arrested in Connection With Death of Student Leader Anish Khan|website=thewire.in}}</ref>
*On 22 February, SFI and AISA called a [[bandh]] at [[Jadavpur University]] demanding justice for Anish Khan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snewz.in/call-for-students-strike-at-jadavpur-university/180193/|title=যাদবপুর বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ছাত্র ধর্মঘটের ডাক|first=Sahara|last=Islam|date=22 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aajkaal.in/news/state/anis-khan-murder-case-sfi-called-student-strike-in-jadavpur-university-6y1p|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222073849/https://aajkaal.in/news/state/anis-khan-murder-case-sfi-called-student-strike-in-jadavpur-university-6y1p|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2022|title=Anis Khan: আনিস হত্যার প্রতিবাদে দিকে দিকে বিক্ষোভ!‌ যাদবপুর বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ছাত্র ধর্মঘটের ডাক|website=aajkaal.in}}</ref> Two SFI members and one AISA activist were injured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/unique-protest-in-ju-rmj-746533.html|title=বামেদের ডাফলির পালটা তৃণমূলের ভেঁপু, বেশ কয়েক ঘণ্টা যুদ্ধ চললো যাদবপুরে|date=22 February 2022|website=News18 Bengali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/videos/news/aaj-focus-e-anis-khan-death-strike-in-jadavpur-university-in-the-context-of-anish-khan-death-case-bangla-news-869247|title=Anis khan death: আনিস খানের হত্যার প্রতিবাদে যাদবপুরে ছাত্র ধর্মঘট।Bangla News|date=22 February 2022|website=bengali.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/state/kolkata/jadavpur-university-sfi-strike-over-anish-khan-murder/wb20220222132031830|title=Anish Khan Murder Case : আনিশ খান খুনে উত্তাল যাদবপুর বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, এসএফআইয়ের ছাত্র ধর্মঘট|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref>
*On 22 February, Aliah University students organised a rally at [[Writers' Building|Mahakaran Avijan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/murder-in-bengal-anis-khan-murder-bengal-government-suspends-2-cops-sacks-home-guard/cid/1852976|title=Anis Khan murder: Bengal government suspends two cops, sacks Home Guard|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> A number of students were seriously injured in a [[Baton charge|lathi charge]] by the [[Kolkata Police]], and 49 students (including two AISA activists) were arrested.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/video/kolkata/moulali-become-battlefield-surrounding-the-mahakaran-abhiyan-for-anish-khan-incident-pnb-r7pftc|title=পড়ুয়াদের মহাকরণ অভিযান ঘিরে ধুন্ধুমার, পুলিশের সঙ্গে ধস্তাধস্তি|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/west-bengal/calcutta/anis-murder-case-students-marching-towards-kolkata-writers-building-police-used-force-mtj|title=अनीस हत्याकांड के विरोध में छात्रों का राइटर्स मार्च, पुलिस से हुई झड़प, रणक्षेत्र बना पार्क सर्कस|website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News|date=22 February 2022 }}</ref>
*On 22 February, the Howrah district committee of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPIML Liberation]] and the AISA, AIPWA, and AIARLA{{clarify|date=February 2022|reason=What are the AIPWA and AIARLA?}} organised a large rally in [[Uluberia]]. CPIML Liberation, AISA and AIARLA sent delegations to the Uluberia [[District magistrate|DM's]] office.<ref>{{cite web | url-access=limited |archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/2191264634427798/3216147941939457 |archive-date = 2022-04-30| url = https://www.facebook.com/2191264634427798/posts/3216147941939457/?sfnsn=wiwspmo |title = CPIML Liberation, West Bengal সি পি আই এম-এল লিবারেশন, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]]}}{{cbignore}}{{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref>
*On 23 February, the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]] West Bengal state committee organised a rally in [[Siliguri]].
*On 26 February, the party's West Bengal state committee organised a rally in [[Panchla]]. Several activists and leaders, including [[Minakshi Mukherjee]], were seriously injured in a lathi charge by [[West Bengal Police]] and civilian volunteers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/state/anish-khan-death-huge-chaos-broke-out-at-panchla-on-sfi-dyfi-protest_422900.html|title=Anish Khan Death: বাম ছাত্র-যুবদের মিছিল ঘিরে রণক্ষেত্র পাঁচলা|date=26 February 2022|website=Zee24Ghanta.com|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.careers360.com/left-student-youth-bodies-clash-police-during-protest-against-anis-khan-death-case|title=Left student, youth bodies clash with police during protest against Anis Khan death case|website=news.careers360.com|date=26 February 2022 }}</ref> Seventeen SFI and [[Democratic Youth Federation of India]] protesters were arrested by [[Howrah City Police]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/global/news/details/aj-banglay-17-people-have-been-arrested-in-sfi-protest-on-panchla-this-day-on-anish-khan-death-bangla-news/0-0-newsauto_vpdgcco2l2c0|title=Watch Breaking News Aj Banglay: 17 people have been arrested in SFI protest on Panchla this day on Anish Khan Death | Bangla News | ZEE5 Latest News|website=ZEE5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/anis-khan-death-sfi-dyfi-protesters-clash-with-police/cid/1853651|title=Anis Khan death: SFI, DYFI protesters clash with police|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.oneindia.com/news/howrah-hooghly/panchla-is-battlefield-due-to-sfi-and-dyfi-activist-s-agitation-on-protest-of-anis-khan-s-murder-156309.html|title=আনিস-কাণ্ডে বাম ছাত্র-যুবকর্মীদের অভিযানে রণক্ষেত্র পাঁচলা, লাঠিচার্জ-কাঁদানে গ্যাস পুলিশের|first=Sanjay|last=Ghoshal|date=26 February 2022|website=bengali.oneindia.com}}</ref> Mukherjee and fifteen other CPIM activists were arrested in the protest,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anish Khan Murder: আনিস খান মৃত্যুর প্রতিবাদে আবার পথে বাম ছাত্র-যুবরা, মীনাক্ষীদের শরীরে বড় আঘাতের চিহ্ন |url=https://www.editorji.com/bengali/local/sfi-dyfi-calls-for-mass-rally-in-college-street-1646110086776 |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Editorji |language=bengali}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amaderbharat.com/the-arrest-of-protesters-in-anis-stems-protesters-blocking-the-national-road-in-phulia/ | title=আনিস কান্ডে প্রতিবাদীদের গ্রেপ্তারের বিরুদ্ধে ফুলিয়ায় জাতীয় সড়ক অবরোধ করে বিক্ষোভ ডিওয়াইএফআই'য়ের | date=26 February 2022 }}</ref> and thirteen police officers were seriously injured by CPIM activists.
*On 1 March, the [[Students' Federation of India|SFI]], [[All India Students Federation|AISF]], [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|PSU]], [[All India Forward Bloc|AISB]] and [[All India Students Association|AISA]] organised a march from [[Sealdah]] to [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street]] in Kolkata. The [[Democratic Youth Federation of India|DYFI]], [[Revolutionary Youth Association|RYA]], and [[All India Youth Federation|AIYF]] also joined the protest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singha |first=Aritra |date=March 1, 2022 |title=Anish Khan death case: Students' wing of Left Front and ISF hold protest rallies |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/anish-khan-death-case-students-wing-of-left-front-and-isf-hold-protest-rallies |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Swarnarka |date=March 1, 2022 |title=Anish Khan Case: আনিস মৃত্যু তদন্তের প্রতিবাদ মিছিলে সামিল SFI-DYFI-ISF |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/howrah-news/anish-khan-case-left-students-unions-protest-rally-for-justice/articleshow/89926692.cms |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=EI Samay |language=bn}}</ref>
*[[Indian Secular Front|ISF]] West Bengal state committee organised a rally from [[Sealdah]] to [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]] in Kolkata in which seven to eight thousand people participated.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pipanews.com/anis-isf-procession-led-by-nowshad-siddiqui-demanding-exemplary-punishment-by-arresting-the-culprits/ | title=Anis: ISF procession led by Nowshad Siddiqui demanding exemplary punishment by arresting the culprits | date=March 2022 }}</ref>
*On 1 March, the AILAJ, AILU, and LSJHR organised a rally as Lawyers For Democracy from the [[Calcutta High Court]] to Esplanade. AILAJ leader Dibakar Bhattacharya and AILU leader [[Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya]] led the rally.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.samakalbangla.com/2022/03/blog-post.html | title=আনিস খুনের ঘটনায় প্রতিবাদে সোচ্চার আইনজীবীরা }}</ref>
*On 2 March, [[All India Democratic Students Organisation|AIDSO West Bengal]] organised a rally in [[Lalbazar]] in the demands of Justice for Anish Khan. Several [[All India Democratic Students Organisation|AIDSO]] activists were injured by Kolkata police.
*On 4 March, the CPIML Liberation [[Darjeeling district]] committee organised a rally in [[Siliguri]], from [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]] to Airview Road.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://epaper.thestatesman.com/m5/3402376/Kolkata-The-Statesman/5-TH-MARCH-2022#page/2/1 | title=Kolkata - the Statesman, 5 TH MARCH 2022 : Readwhere }}</ref>
*On 10 March, the SFI organised a rally from [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street]] to MD Ali Park in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiablooms.com/news-details/N/79871/kolkata-left-youth-leaders-hit-streets-again-demanding-justice-for-anish-khan-murder.html | title=Kolkata: Left youth leaders hit streets again demanding justice for Anish Khan 'murder' | Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management }}</ref>

== {{anchor|Counter Protest}}Counter-protest ==
On 28 February, 10 days after Khan's death, [[Trinamool Chaatra Parishad]] organised a rally from Moulali to Esplanade in Kolkata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CN Party |date=February 28, 2022 |title=Anish TMCP: আনিসকাণ্ডে এবার পথে তৃণমূল, ছাত্র পরিষদের মহামিছিল |url=http://calcuttanews.tv/kolkata/trinamool-chatra-parishad-were-on-their-procession-in-anish-case-this-time |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=calcuttanews.tv}}</ref> Hundreds of people attended.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Web Desk, ABP Anand |date=2022-02-28 |title=Anish Khan Death: আনিসের মৃত্যু নিয়ে রাজনীতির অভিযোগে এবার পথে তৃণমূল ছাত্র পরিষদ {{!}} Bangla News |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/videos/district/anish-khan-death-tmcp-held-a-protest-procession-alleging-politics-over-anish-s-death-this-day-bangla-news-870624 |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref>

== {{anchor|International Protest}}International protest ==
{{unsourced section|date=February 2023}}
On 4 March, the [[Bangladesh Students Union]] held a protest in [[Dhaka]] and expressed solidarity with the Indian protests.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2022 protests]]
[[Category:February 2022 in India]]
[[Category:Politics of India]]
[[Category:Protests in India]]
[[Category:2020s in West Bengal]]

Kondru Murali Mohan

2026-04-23T04:42:31Z

Sergqpm: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kondru Murali Mohan
| office1 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| constituency1 = [[Rajam Assembly constituency|Rajam]]
| predecessor1 = [[Kambala Jogulu]]
| term_start1 = 2024
| office2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] {{small|[[United Andhra Pradesh]]}}
| constituency2 = [[Rajam Assembly constituency|Rajam]]
| predecessor2 = ''constituency established''
| successor2 = [[Kambala Jogulu]]
| term_start2 = 2009
| term_end2 = 2014
| constituency3 = [[Etcherla Assembly constituency|Etcherla]]
| predecessor3 = [[K. Pratibha Bharati]]
| successor3 = Meesala Neelakantam Naidu
| term_start3 = 2004
| term_end3 = 2009
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]] (2019-present)
[[Indian National Congress]] (1999-2014)
| birth_date =
}}
'''Kondru Murali Mohan''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]],<ref>{{Cite news | date=2024-06-04 |title=TDP registers spectacular victories in Srikakulam district, Ministers taste defeat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-registers-spectacular-victories-in-srikakulam-district-ministers-taste-defeat/article68251477.ece |access-date=2024-06-06 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and a member of the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He has been elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Rajam Assembly constituency]] in [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Rajam, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: TDP's Kondru Murali Mohan defeats YSRCP's Dr. Tale Rajesh with 20722 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/rajam-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548191-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Rajam Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/rajam-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916949.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murali Mohan, Kondru}}
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]

{{TDP-politician-stub}}

Sheikh Noorul Hassan

2026-04-21T12:01:40Z

Sergqpm: Put Up A Article Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sheikh Noorul Hassan
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|04|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| office = Member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kshetrigao (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kshetrigao]]
| term_start = 10 March 2022
| predecessor = Nahakpam Indrajit Singh
| party = [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
| spouse = Dr. Khaleda Sultana Ahmed
| children = 1
| parents = (L)Alhaj Nur Muhammad (Father) & Hajjan Husne Banu (Mother)
}}
'''Sheikh Noorul Hassan''' is an Indian politician from [[Manipur]]. He is a member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kshetrigao (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kshetrigao]] representing the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] since 10 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheikh Noorul Hassan in Manipur Assembly Elections 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/manipur/sheikh-noorul-hassan-khetrigao-candidate-s14a004c04/ |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Kshetrigao Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Sheikh Noorul Hassan of NPP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/kshetrigao-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4854551.html |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |title=Sheikh Noorul Hassan - Kshetrigao Election Result 2022, MN vidhan sabha Chunav Sheikh Noorul Hassan Result 2022 in Marathi |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/elections/manipur-assembly-election-2022/candidates/sheikh-noorul-hassan-kshetrigao-185186 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KHETRIGAO Election Result 2022 LIVE: KHETRIGAO MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/khetrigao-assembly-elections-mn-4/ |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Sheikh Noorul Hassan was born on 1 April 1985 in Kshetri Awang Leikai, Kshetrigao. He is the second child and son amongst nine brothers and sisters of Alhaj Nur Muhammad, who had been serving as ASI, Wireless Operator, [[Government of Manipur]] and Hajjan Husne Banu. Alhaj Sheikh Noorul Hassan is married to Dr. Khaleda Sultana Ahmed, ACS presently serving as Additional Deputy Commissioner of [[Cachar district]], [[Assam]] and has a son, Sheikh Muqrin.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== Educational background ==
Hassan matriculated from A Jalil High School, Khergao in the year 2000 and passed [[Secondary education|H. S. E.]] from C.C Higher Sec School, Sanjenthong in the year 2002. He graduated as [[Bachelor of Arts]] in [[Political science]] from [[Dyal Singh College, Delhi]] in the year 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheikh Noorul Hassan (NPP):Constituency- KHETRIGAO (IMPHAL EAST) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/manipur2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=130 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

Hassan completed [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]], [[New Delhi]] in 2015. Hassan did his [[Postgraduate diploma|Post Graduate Diploma]] in [[English journalism|English Journalism]] from the [[Indian Institute of Mass Communication]], [[New Delhi]] in the year 2012-13. Sheikh Noorul Hassan completed LL.B. from L.M.S. Law College, Imphal, under Dhanamanjuri University, Manipur.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

==Political career and social contribution==
In the political field he has held different positions in State units. He was the youngest Spokesperson of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]], Manipur Pradesh. Sheikh Noorul Hassan contested Manipur 10th Assembly Election, 2012 as an Independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheikh Noorul Hassan (Independent(IND)):Constituency- KSHETRIGAO(IMPHAL EAST) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/manipur2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=169 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> In social field, he has contributed in various capacities such as the Chairman of Kshetrigao Development Committee. He has worked as Secretary of Social Amelioration Society, Manipur. He has filed a writ Petition in [[Supreme Court of India]] against the Delimitation exercise based on bogus 2001 census data. After his Post Graduate Diploma in English Journalism, he has worked as trainee intern journalist at [[Asian News International|ANI]], [[BBC|BBC South Asian Desk (Political Beat)]] and was political correspondent of Hard News Magazine. He has worked for a short stint as Political Editor of Youth News Street Magazine. Sheikh Noorul Hassan has contributed more than 15 articles on contemporary issues and was published in various newspapers and magazines. He has completed [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]] from [[L.M.S. Law College, Imphal]], under [[Dhanamanjuri University]], [[Manipur]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

==References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassan, Sheikh Noorul}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National People's Party (India) politicians]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:People from Imphal]]

Edamalakkudy

2026-04-21T00:35:42Z

Sergqpm: made new info needs work...

{{Short description|Village in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Edamalakkudy
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
| image_skyline = ഗവ.ട്രൈബൽ എൽ.പി.സ്‌കൂൾ,ഇടമലക്കുടി.jpg
| image_alt =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|12|19.3|N|76|55|13.3|E|display=inline,title}}10°12'19.3"N 76°55'13.3"E
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Edamalakkudy Grama Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 106
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,236
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], English
| timezone = [[Indian standard time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[postal code|PIN]]
| area_code = 04865
| postal_code = 685561/685612
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-44
| website = {{URL|http://lsgkerala.in/edamalakudipanchayat|Official website}}
| image_caption = Govt. Lower Primary School in Edamalakkudy
}}
'''Edamalakkudy''', or '''Idamalakkudy''', is a remote tribal village and [[gram panchayat]] between the Idamalayar Reserve Forest and Mankulam Forest Division of the [[Anaimalai Hills]] in the [[Idukki district]] of the Indian state of [[Kerala]].

==Location==
Edamalakudy is located at an elevation of 1100–1700 metres, 22 km north-west of Pettimudi, a village about 4 km west of the [[Anamudi]], the tallest mountain peak in [[South India]] on the border of [[Ernakulam district]] and [[Idukki district]]. Pettimudi was hit by a [[landslide]] in 2018 and the debris have not been cleared. Pettimudi is not very remote, but is still not easy to reach as the path is hilly and fog is common and often intense, passing through the [[Eravikulam National Park]], 16 km from [[Munnar]] by road and 18 km from [[Aanakkulam]] by walking through thick forests. Edamalakkudy is located in a large and mostly remote forest area between [[Malakkappara]] and [[Marayoor]] in the [[Anaimalai Hills|Anamalai]]s, mainly spread over [[Ernakulam district]], [[Idukki district]], and a part of [[Thrissur district]], which contains the Idamalayar Reserve Forest, covering a large area to the north, west and south of the [[Edamalayar Dam]]. The Idamalayar Reserve Forest covers various other tribal villages, spread over parts of eastern [[Ernakulam district]], including Kappayam and Kaserapara. The western parts of the Edamalakkudy gram panchayat, such as Mulakutharakudy are also part of the Idamalayar Reserve Forest, while the rest comes under the Mankulam Forest Division of [[Kuttampuzha]] gram panchayat. The forests are surrounded to the south by a range of high-altitude grasslands, which include the village of Pettimudi and the highest peak in South India, the [[Anamudi]]. To the south-west is the Idamalayar-Pooyamkutty Valley, and various settlements including [[Pooyamkutty]] and [[Kuttampuzha]], as well as [[Aanakkulam]]. Edamalakkudy is on this border, [[Valparai]] being on the Tamil Nadu side. While the area in [[Kerala]] consists of thick and remote forests, the Tamil Nadu area has mostly been deforested for tea plantations. Edamalakkudy was initially not very remote, but the [[Great flood of 99]] which occurred in July 1924 destroyed the old Aluva-Munnar road making it hard to reach. The principal way of reaching Edamalakkudy was via Kuttampuzha-Mankulam at the time. The road was rebuilt till Pooyamkutty. The route via Idamalayar forest was closed to the public in 1985 due to environmental concerns after the construction of the [[Idamalayar Dam]]. Therefore, the route via Eravikulam National Park, which is a tourist location, is preferred today.

==Tiger trail==
The tourism department of the Government of Kerala has decided to make this village an adventure tourism destination. A tiger trail project is being launched in the village.
The trekking program will last four days and will start from [[Kochi]]. It involves 18 km of walking in forest tracks and staying at the Edamalakudy forest camp. Two jeeps will be used to transport the tourists.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.keralatourism.org/news/edamalakkudy-adventure-tourism/1568/ |title = Adventure tourism places Edamalakudy tribes in the limelight, Newsbytes, Newsletter, Kerala Tourism, India {{!}} Kerala Tourism}}</ref>

==Travel book==
In 2016, the first book on Edamalakudy was published by a tribal teacher called P.K.Muraleedharan. The book is called ''Edamalakkudy Orrum Porulum'' or 'The truth of Edamalakkudy'. Mr.Muraleedharan was a teacher at Edamalakkudy for seventeen years. He had to trek early in the morning to reach the school He had to evade elephants, snakes and leeches to reach the village. The book was published by SPSS, [[Kottayam]]. The book gives details about the lifestyle of the Muthuvan tribal people.
Edamalakkudy is a cluster of 26 hamlets scattered in an area of {{cvt|106|km}} forest.

==Transportation==
[[Aluva railway station]] and [[Ernakulam Junction railway station]] are the nearest major railway stations. Aluva railway station is about 65 km from [[Aanakkulam]] and Ernakulam Junction is about 74 km away. Edamalakkudy is 8 km by walk from Aanakkulam. It is possible to reach [[Idamalayar Dam]] via [[Kothamangalam]] and [[Bhoothathankettu]] by road. By walk, Edamalakkudy is about 13 km south-east of the Idamalayar Dam. However, this area is forbidden to the public as it is ecologically sensitive. From [[Cochin International Airport]], [[Aluva railway station]] and [[Ernakulam Junction]], buses are available to [[Munnar]]. From Munnar it is 18 km by jeep(taking about an hour) to reach Pettimudi village near [[Rajamala]] by going through the [[Eravikulam National Park]].From the Eravikulam National Park, jeeps are provided by the Forest Department.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/a-window-into-edamalakkudy/article8350672.ece| title = A window into Edamalakkudy - KERALA - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 14 March 2016| last1 = Shaji| first1 = K. a.}}</ref>
The work on the 22 km stretch to Edamalakkudy will be delayed. The government of Kerala allotted Rs.2 crore for the road. Another Rs.8 crore was allotted for the development of the village. The road contract was first given to VSS and later to KITCO. The road is required of the villagers as they are unable to use vehicles to transport goods. However, it is unlikely that the Forest Department will approve of it as the area is protected and ecologically sensitive.

==Economy==
The tribal people live by selling cardamom. [[Tapioca]] is grown across the village on hills. The population density of the village is low, with houses standing far away from each other. Facilities available include a hospital, gram panchayat office and two schools.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/connectivity-a-dream-for-edamalakkudy/article8075224.ece| title = Connectivity, a dream for Edamalakkudy - KERALA - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 7 January 2016| last1 = Raman| first1 = Giji K.}}</ref>

==Administration==
In 2010, a separate [[panchayath]] was created for administering Edamalakkudy-it was earlier part of [[Kuttampuzha]] panchayat. Thus it became the first tribal panchayath of Kerala state. A new road was also planned under the NREWP. Edamalakudy is panchayath included in [[Kothamangalam]] Taluk in [[Ernakulam District]] of Kerala in India. It was earlier part of [[Idukki district]], but in 1998, [[Kuttampuzha]] panchayat was added to [[Ernakulam district]]. It belongs to Central Kerala Division. It is located 88 km east of the district headquarters [[Kakkanad]] and 205 km from State capital Thiruvananthapuram. Edamalakudy has the pincodes is 685561 and 685612:685561 which covers a large and mostly remote forest areas from [[Malakkappara]] to [[Marayoor]], over three districts, [[Thrissur district]], [[Ernakulam district]] and [[Idukki district]], containing only one town, [[Adimali]], the rest being inside forest, while 685612 has its headquarters in [[Munnar]]. The villagers need to post or receive letters from either Adimali or Munnar. Distance to nearby settlements:Kuttampuzha(33 km), Pooyamkutty(26 km), Aanakkulam(8 km), Kothamangalam(53 km), Mankulam(12 km), Vellathooval (42 km), Pallivasal (40 km), Munnar (43 km), Chinnakanal (56 km), Rajakkad (50 km), and Malakkappara(about 23–25 km). Edamalakudy is surrounded by the [[Idamalayar Dam]]-[[Pooyamkutty]] area and [[Malakkappara]] to the north-west and west, [[Aanakkulam]] to the south-West, [[Devikulam]] to the south, [[Marayoor]] to the east, and [[Valparai]] to the North.

==Demography==
[[File:Edamalakkudi 2008 021.jpg|thumb|People at Edamalakkudi]]
About 600 people live in Edamalakkudy in 18 houses. Recent interventions by the Kerala government looked into issues like food security, education, medical facilities and drinking water supply.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/edamalakkudy-to-be-first-tribal-panchayat/article675792.ece| title = Edamalakkudy to be first tribal panchayat - KERALA - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 3 January 2010}}</ref>

In 2015, all the villagers of Edamalakkudy were given the Indian social security card Aadhaar. A special camp was held for this purpose at the nearby village of '''Societykudy'''. The panchayat office of Edamalakkudy is also located at '''Societykudy'''. The government is planning to provide e-banking facility and internet facility in the near future.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/aadhaar-for-all-at-edamalakkudy/article6988776.ece| title = Aadhaar for all at Edamalakkudy - KERALA - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 13 March 2015| last1 = Raman| first1 = Giji K.}}</ref>

==Education==
There is one tribal primary school and ten nursery schools in this village. There is a school at Erupukalkudy, located between the main hamlet of Edamalakkudy and [[Aanakkulam]]. The government conducts teacher training programs for the tribals. Free study materials are also distributed to the students.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://idukkissa.blogspot.in/2014/04/blog-post.html| title = SSA IDUKKI: EDAMALAKKUDY THE ISOLATED TRIBAL PANCHAYATH| date = 26 April 2014}}</ref>

==Elections, 2016==
During the legislative elections of 2016, 180 government officials applied for this location in spite of its remoteness. 12 were selected to conduct the election. To reach the polling station, they had to travel 44 km by road and then walk three km deep inside the forest. The polling team was assisted by another 40 officials including the police, forest and medical team. Ham radio was used for communication as other modes were not accessible. There were nearly 1,800 voters in this station. The government officers opted this hard location because it is otherwise restricted to visitors. Volunteers of various political parties also visited the village for campaigning. During the trip to the polling station deep inside the forest, there were many hitches like the presence of wild animals. In spite of some delay, the polling team managed to arrive at the station well in time.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/160516/edamalakkudy-most-sought-after-booth.html| title = Edamalakkudy most sought after booth| date = 16 May 2016}}</ref>
The village has no motor-able road, no power or communication network. 700 families live here.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/polls-to-kerala-s-first-alltribal-panchayat-today/701911/| title = Polls to Kerala's first all-tribal panchayat today - Indian Express}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
The village council sits not in Edamalakkudy but in the next village called ''Societykudy''. The work of the village council is a little challenging as there is no electric and internet connection. Telephones are also absent. An extension office of the village council is situated at Devikulam town. During the monsoon, the footpath from Pettimudy to Edamalakkudy gets washed away. Because of the inaccessibility, only tribal Councillors attend the village council meeting at Societykudy. The bureaucratic assistants and the commissioners are not able to make it.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/lack-of-basic-facilities-hurts-edamalakudy/article7124740.ece| title = Lack of basic facilities hurts Edamalakudy - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 21 April 2015| last1 = Raman| first1 = Giji K.}}</ref>
'''Edamalakkudy''' is not a single village but a cluster of about 26 hamlets scattered in 35,000 acres of deep forest. Each hamlet is about three to ten km away from the next one.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-solar-first-for-edamalakkudy/article7589311.ece| title = A solar first for Edamalakkudy - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 28 August 2015| last1 = Raman| first1 = Giji K.}}</ref>

==Wildlife==
[[Bengal tiger]]s and [[Asian elephant]]s are sighted frequently near Edamalakkudy. Other mammals found around Edamalakkudy include the [[gaur]], [[dhole]], [[chital]], [[sambar deer]], [[Indian leopard]], [[Nilgiri tahr]], [[Indian muntjac]], [[Nilgiri langur]], [[Tufted grey langur]], [[Fishing cat]], and [[Indian giant squirrel]]. [[Blackbuck]]s are known to occasionally stray from the drier deciduous forests of the neighbouring [[Tamil Nadu]] state. Edamalakkudy is one of the most attractive wildlife spots in Kerala. Special permission from Forest Department is needed to visit this village as the area spanning from the [[Idamalayar Dam]] across this village, to [[Pooyamkutty]] southwards and [[Marayoor]] eastwards is ecologically very sensitive and therefore protected. Various endemic butterfly species are found, including ''[[Mycalesis igilia]]'', ''[[Colias nilagiriensis]]'', and ''[[Heteropsis oculus]]'' among others. Common moth species are ''[[Ancylolomia cervicella]]'', ''[[Ancylolomia dives]]'', various [[Sphingidae]], ''[[Chiasmia nora]]'', and ''[[Herpetogramma]]'' species, as well as many endemic species.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/160516/edamalakkudy-most-sought-after-booth.html| title = Edamalakkudy most sought after booth| date = 16 May 2016}}</ref>

==Muthuvan tribe==
The [[Muthuvan]]s are the only type of people living in Edamalakkudy. They are also found in other Kerala villages like Kanthalloor, Marayoor, Vattavada, Chinnakkal, Mankulam, Munnar, Shanthanppara, Adimali and Rajakumari. However, they are more common in parts of eastern [[Ernakulam district]], including Edamalakkudy Panchayat and around [[Malakkappara]].'Muthu' means back and 'van' means one who carries weight on the back. The language of the Muthuvan tribals is not Malayalam but a dialect closely related to Tamil. They live in dormitories called 'chavadies' and boys and girls are accommodated separately. The village head is called '''Kani''' and has great control on everything in the village. He presides over the meeting of the Council of Elders. The Muthuvan community is known for their organic farming of paddy and ragi. Shifting cultivation every two years is common. Cardamom and pepper are also cultivated. The Muthuvans believes in purity and pollution as a value system.

The provincial government of Kerala has sought the help of the National Biodiversity Authority of India to intervene for the preserving and conservation of the traditional way of life of the Edamalakkudy people. Some interventions were required in fields like power, drinking water and housing.

==Communication==
The only operator to have mobile coverage in such a harsh terrain is BSNL. They have their mobile tower in Societykudy where connectivity to the mobile site is via satellite link.

Two more BSNL sites have come up recently in the road towards Edamalakudy from [[Rajamala]], a kilometre south of Pettimudi and [[Rajamala]] Factory which are mainly tea plantation settlements and major contact points for people from Edamalakudy. Some {{lang|ml|kudies}} (name for small settlement of tribals in Edamalakudy village), scattered along this vast forest areas, still have no mobile coverage but have to rely on Ham Radio. The Ham network was extensively used by the government to conduct the legislative election in the village during 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.keralatourism.org/routes-locations/idamalakkudi/id/4154| title = Idamali, Pandalam Thekkekkara Panchayat, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India {{!}} Kerala Tourism}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mankulam (Kerala)|Mankulam]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}
{{Ernakulam district}}

[[Category:Villages in Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Social groups of Kerala]]

Lotus throne

2026-04-16T02:04:50Z

Sergqpm: New Basic Details Initial Version

{{short description|Stylized lotus flower used as the seat or base for a figure in Asian art}}
[[File:Monkey gives honey to Buddha Shakyamuni, India, Bihar, probably Kurkihar, Pala dynasty, c. 1000 AD, black stone - Östasiatiska museet, Stockholm - DSC09270.JPG|300px|thumb|The three Buddha figures here each have a lotus throne. [[Pala Empire|Pala dynasty]], Eastern India, c. 1000.]]
The '''lotus throne''', sometimes called '''lotus platform''', is a stylized lotus flower used as the seat or base for a figure in art associated with [[Indian religions]]. It is the normal [[pedestal]] for divine figures in [[Buddhist art]] and [[Hindu art]], and often seen in [[Jain art]].<ref>Pal, 39</ref> Originating in [[Indian art]], it followed [[Indian religions]] to [[East Asia]] in particular.
[[File:HanaNoHasu7.jpg|thumb|Flower of ''[[nelumbo nucifera]]'', the [[Indian lotus]]; its colour range is from white to red]]

The precise form varies, but is intended to represent the opening flower of ''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'', the [[Indian lotus]]. In the traditional biographies lotus flowers sprung up at [[the Buddha]]'s first seven steps, and in some Buddhist legends the baby [[Padmasambhava]] emerged from a lotus flower. The Indian lotus is an aquatic plant similar to a [[Nymphaeaceae|water lily]], though not actually any close relation. It has a large, round, and flat [[Receptacle (botany)|seed head]] in the centre of the flower, with initially small openings above each of the relatively small number of seeds. Among other unusual characteristics, ''nelumbo nucifera'' has particular properties of repelling water, known as the [[lotus effect]] or [[ultrahydrophobicity]]. Among other symbolic meanings, it rises above the water environment it lives in, and is not contaminated by it, so providing a model for Buddhists.<ref>Pal, 39–42; Coomaraswamy, 21; Krishan & Tadikonda, 65; Rodrigues</ref> According to the [[Pali Canon]], the Buddha himself began this often-repeated metaphor, in the [[Aṅguttara Nikāya]], saying that the lotus flower raises from the muddy water unstained, as he raises from this world, free from the defilements taught in the [[sutra]].<ref>Pal, 39–40; Coomaraswamy, 21; the texts are: AN 10.81, "Bāhuna suttaṃ"; AN 4.36, "Doṇa suttaṃ".</ref>

In [[Sanskrit]] the throne is called either a ''[[padmāsana]]'' ({{langx|sa|पद्मासन}}, {{IPA|sa|pɐdmaːsɐnɐ|}}, ''[[asana|āsana]]'' is the name for a seated position), which is also the name for the [[Lotus position]] in meditation and [[yoga]], or ''padmapitha'',<ref>Jansen, 18</ref> ''padma'' meaning lotus and ''pitha'' a base or plinth.<ref>Pal, 45</ref>

==History==
The earliest of the [[Veda]]s, the ''[[Rigveda]]'', describes the other gods watching the birth of [[Agni]], the god of fire, seated on lotus flowers; also the birth of [[Vasishtha]].<ref>Coomaraswamy, 18–19; Pal, 40</ref> In Hindu myth, the major deity [[Brahma]] emerged from a lotus growing from the navel of [[Vishnu]].<ref>Pal, 40</ref>
[[File:The Hindu Goddess Parvati LACMA M.77.82 (3 of 12).jpg|thumb|Double-thrones under [[Parvati]], 11th century]]

In art the form is first seen as a base for rare early images of [[Laxmi]] from the 2nd century BCE; many or most of these may have a Buddhist context.<ref>Coomaraswamy, 22; Krishan & Tadikonda, 78, note 89</ref> However it first becomes common with seated [[Buddha]] figures in the [[Greco-Buddhist art]] of [[Gandhara]] around the late 2nd or the 3rd century CE.<ref>Moore & Klein, 149; Krishan & Tadikonda, 65</ref> It may have reached the [[Deccan]] as early as the end of the 2nd century.<ref>Pal, 41; Walser, 80–87</ref> At some point, probably around 200, and before his death in about 250, the Buddhist thinker [[Nagarjuna]] exhorted an unknown Buddhist monarch, very probably in the Deccan, to:
<blockquote>... Please construct from all precious substances
Images of Buddha with fine proportions
Well designed and sitting on lotuses ...<ref>Walser, 80, 86–87 for the date</ref></blockquote>

– suggesting this [[iconography]] was current by then. It is not clear from the language whether sculptures or paintings, or both, were meant.<ref>Walser, 81–83</ref>

In early Buddhist art it may be intended to specifically depict the second of [[the Twin Miracle]]s in the legend of the Buddha's life. In some accounts of this, when engaged in a contest with sorcerers, the Buddha multiplied himself into other bodies, which sat or stood on lotus flowers.<ref>Krishan & Tadikonda, 67</ref> It became used for other Buddhist figures, and adopted for other Hindu deities than [[Laxmi|Lakshmi]].

==Form==
The throne in art evolved to be rather distant from the actual plant. In historic sculpture there is very often a clear dividing line about halfway up; this type is called a "double-lotus" (''vishvapadma'') pedestal or throne.<ref>Lerner & Kossak, Nos. 68, 84, 88, 89, 92, 94, 97, 101 (for ''vishvapadma''), 110, 111, 113 etc.</ref> Most often petal shapes both rise and fall from the dividing line, but sometimes the upper part of the throne represents the prominent flat-topped seed head as a base for the figure, perhaps with circles for the holes holding the seeds, as in maturing lotus heads.<ref>Lerner & Kossak, Nos. 133, 139, 140; Hāṇḍā, Omacanda, ''Gaddi Land in Chamba: Its History, Art & Culture : New Light on the Early Wooden Temples'', 78–79, 2005, Indus Publishing, {{ISBN|8173871744}}, 9788173871740, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2EaFNQ7Zfl8C&pg=PA78 google books]</ref>

The [[bingdi lotus]] is a particular strain with two back-to-back flowers on each stem, but it is not clear if this influenced the form in art. In [[East Asia]]n paintings, and also modern Hindu paintings, the lotus throne is often depicted more realistically in terms of its shape (not its size).

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">

File:Shri Lakshmi Lustrated by Elephants (Gaja-Lakshmi) LACMA M.85.62 (cropped).jpg|[[Gaja-Laxmi]], 1st century BCE, [[terracotta]], 14.61 cm tall.<ref>Pal, 40</ref>
File:Dinar of Chandragupta II LACMA M.77.55.20 (2 of 3) (cropped).jpg|Gold dinar coin of [[Chandragupta II]], reigned c. 375–c. 415 CE
File:Shiva as the Lord of Dance LACMA.jpg|Restrained double-lotus throne typical of [[Chola bronzes]], when they have them at all. Shiva [[Nataraja]], 10th century.
File:Juntei Kannon.jpg|[[Guanyin]], 12th-century Japan
File:Tibet, mahakala sotto l'aspetto di ye-shes mgon-po, xii sec.JPG|Apart from the three figures, the pendent foot of this 12th-century Tibetan [[Mahakala]] has its own throne
File:Krishna, the Butter Thief LACMA M.84.34 (1 of 2).jpg|[[Krishna]], the butter thief, ivory, 16th-century India
File:Likir-Gompa-03.jpg|Fancy coloured Buddhist throne under [[Mahakala]], [[Ladakh]]
File:Shri Lakshmi Lustrated by Elephants (Gaja-Lakshmi) LACMA M.74.40.1 (1 of 5).jpg|Single lotus throne under [[Gaja-Laxmi]], with side stalks and buds, [[Odisha]], 18th century
File:Raja Ravi Varma, Goddess Lakshmi, 1896.jpg|[[Raja Ravi Varma]], ''Goddess Lakshmi'', 1896

</gallery>

==Representing the whole plant==
[[File:059 Queen Maya lustrated by Elephants (33364982300).jpg|thumb|The Buddha's mother, [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)|Queen Maya]], lustrated by elephants. [[Sanchi]], Stupa 3 gateway, probably 1st century CE]]
The vast majority of lotus thrones just depict an isolated flower or a group of flowers under different figures. But some images depict more of the plant. A famous relief of [[Gaja-Laxmi]] in Cave 16 at [[Ellora Caves|Ellora]] shows a pond of lotus leaves and budding flowers as a vertical panel below the throne.<ref>Michell, 362</ref>
[[File:Burma - Seated Buddha - 2011.149 - Cleveland Museum of Art (cropped).tif|thumb|Burmese wood and [[lacquer]] Buddha, 11th century]]

Other compositions show stalks, buds and flowers reaching up beside a main figure.<ref>Lerner & Kossak, Nos. 116, 117, 119</ref> These may terminate in a flower held by the main figure,<ref>Pal, 39</ref> especially if it is [[Avalokitesvara]] or from the 5th or 6th century Vishnu, (both also having the epithet Padmapani, "lotus holder"),<ref>Pal, 41</ref> or in another lotus throne behind the hand, if it is outstretched in a [[mudra]]. Alternatively, stalks may climb up to support lotus thrones underneath minor, smaller, figures, as in the early terracotta plaque illustrated above, where stalks rise at the side to support the elephants lustrating Gaja-Laxmi. This is seen in the 1st century BCE terracotta plaque illustrated above.<ref>Pal, 40</ref> The [[Sanchi]] stone relief illustrated here shows a similar composition with [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)|Queen Maya, mother of the Buddha]]. Above or below the water, the stems may be supported by small ''naga'' figures.<ref>Coomaraswamy, 53</ref>

The lotus plant in lotus thrones is often imagined as growing out of the [[cosmic ocean]], and a few images represent the plant below the water level, with a stem also representing the [[world axis]].<ref>Coomaraswamy, 20, 53–55</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{commons category}}
*[[Ananda Coomaraswamy|Coomaraswamy, Ananda]], ''Elements of Buddhist Iconography'', Harvard University Press, 1935, [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.13957/page/n31 online text]
*Jansen, Eva Rudy, ''The Book of Hindu Imagery: The Gods and their Symbols'', 1993, Binkey Kok Publications, {{ISBN|9074597076}}, 9789074597074, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1iASyoae8cMC&pg=PA18 google books]
*Krishan, Yuvrajmm, Tadikonda, Kalpana K., ''The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development'', 1996, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN|8121505658}}, 9788121505659, [https://books.google.com/books?id=kDyJh--iaL0C&pg=PA65 google books]
*Lerner, Martin and Kossak, Steven, ''The Lotus Transcendent: Indian and Southeast Asian Art from the Samuel Eilenberg Collection'', 1991, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), {{ISBN|0870996134}}, 9780870996139, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KVoKd9vDSxsC&pg=PA185 google books]
*Michell, George (1990), ''The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu'', 1990, Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140081445}}
*Moore, Albert C., Klein, Charlotte, ''Iconography of Religions: An Introduction'', 1977, Chris Robertson, {{ISBN|0800604881}}, 9780800604882, [https://books.google.com/books?id=chWcZcYcyeQC&pg=PA149 google books]
*Pal, Pratapaditya, ''Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700'', Volume 1 of ''Indian Sculpture: A Catalogue of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Collection'', 1986, Los Angeles County Museum of Art/University of California Press, {{ISBN|0520059913}}, 9780520059917, [https://books.google.com/books?id=clUmKaWRFTkC&pg=PA41 google books]
*Rodrigues, H, [http://www.mahavidya.ca/2016/04/22/the-sacred-lotus-symbol/ "The Sacred Lotus Symbol"], ''Mahavidya'', 2016
*Walser, Joseph, ''Nagarjuna in Context: Mahayana Buddhism and Early Indian Culture'', 2005, Columbia University Press, {{ISBN|0231506236}}, 9780231506236, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PUmrdqQ8Vz8C&pg=PA80 google books]

[[Category:Buddhist iconography]]
[[Category:Hindu iconography]]
[[Category:Indian art]]
[[Category:Jain iconography]]
[[Category:Plants in art]]
[[Category:Flowers in religion]]
[[Category:Lotuses in culture]]

Undu Hoda Kondu Hoda

2026-04-13T12:01:48Z

Sergqpm: Put Up Some Info With Sources.

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Undoo Hoda Kondoo Hoda
|image = Undu Hoda Kondu Hoda.jpg
|caption = VCD cover
|director = [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
|producer = K. B. Swamyshankar G. Kumaraswamy Shivaram Krista
|writer = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
|narrator =
|starring = [[Anant Nag]] [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] [[Anjali Sudhakar]] [[Maanu (actor)|Maanu]] [[Tennis Krishna]]
|music = [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
|cinematography = [[S. Ramachandra]]
|editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
|studio = Padmamba Combines
|released = {{Film date|df=yes|1992}}
|runtime = 136 minutes
|country = India
|language = Kannada
|budget = {{INR}}12 [[lakh]]<ref name="th1"/>
}}

'''''Undoo Hoda Kondoo Hoda''''' is a 1992 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[satire (film and television)|satirical film]] written and directed by [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kannada/profile.php?cid=2405 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803183347/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/profile.php?cid=2405 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-08-03 |title=Sify article on Nagathihalli Chandrashekar|website=[[Sify]]|date=2010}}</ref> making his debut in film direction. The film stars [[Anant Nag]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] and [[Anjali Sudhakar]], whilst [[M. S. Umesh]], [[Tennis Krishna]], [[Vijay Kashi]] and [[Maanu (actor)|Maanu]] feature in other prominent roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/undu-hoda-kondu-hoda.html|title=Undu Hoda Kondu Hoda cast & crew|publisher=entertainment.oneindia|date=1993|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514203915/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/movies/undu-hoda-kondu-hoda.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was produced under the Padmamba Combines banner.

The film's plot deals with a "cow" inspector played by Anant Nag who comes to a village from city and plays his tricks on the innocent minds of the villagers and wins over them by cheating.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Sebastian | first1=Shilpa | title=Nagathihalli Chandrashekar recalls the making of his debut film | work=The Hindu | date=26 March 2018 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-undeterred-one/article23353849.ece }}</ref> The sequence that unfolds later are shown in a comical way. Nagathihalli won the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story Award]] at the 1991–92 [[Karnataka State Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Book-on-Nagathihalli-released/articleshow/21843897.cms|title=Book on Nagathihalli released|work=The Times of India|date=15 August 2013|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003212718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/book-on-nagathihalli-released/articleshow/21843897.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Anant Nag]] as Krishna
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Rukmini
* [[Maanu (actor)|Maanu]] as Dundappa
* [[Vijay Kashi]] as Balu
* [[Shimoga Venkatesh]]
* [[M. S. Umesh]] as Katra
* [[Tennis Krishna]] as Girisha "Kamangi"
* Uday Huttinagadde as Kalleshi
* [[Anjali Sudhakar]] as Rum Rum
* [[Girija Lokesh]] as Ningi
* Shobha Raghavendra as Kaalamma
* Thyagaraj Urs
* [[Dingri Nagaraj]] as Dingi
* Anubhava Aravind as tea shop owner in Kamangipura
* [[Karibasavaiah]] as Karimale
* [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]] in a cameo (uncredited)
}}

== Production ==
The film was [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]'s debut as a director. He was encouraged to direct films by [[Anant Nag]] after he was impressed with Chandrashekar's screenplay in their earlier collaboration, ''Udbhava'' (1990). For ''Undu Hoda Kondu Hoda'', Chandrashekar into screenplay a short story he wrote based on an incident that occurred in his village. It was a story of a man who pretended to be a cow inspector and cheated people by robbing them off their money by building false dreams. Chandrashekar added, "The irony of the story is that in a place where there is no drinking water, the protagonist spreads dreams of a land overflowing with milk, butter, ghee." The film was shot in a village outside [[Shimoga]] in [[Karnataka]]. Many stage actors were used in the film by Chandrashekar, including [[Karibasavaiah]].<ref name="th1">{{cite web |last1=Sebastian R. |first1=Shilpa |title=Nagathihalli Chandrashekar recalls the making of his debut film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-undeterred-one/article23353849.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=12 September 2023 |language=en-IN |date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230912094546/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-undeterred-one/article23353849.ece|archive-date=12 September 2023}} {{subscription required|s}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]. Lyrics for the soundtrack except one track was written by [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]. A poem of [[K. S. Narasimhaswamy]] was included in the soundtrack.

{{Infobox album
| name = Undoo Hoda Kondoo Hoda
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|1991|}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Sangeetha
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Nakka Haage Natisabeda
| lyrics1 = [[K. S. Narasimhaswamy]]
| extra1 = [[Vani Jairam]], [[Rajkumar Bharathi]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Bandano Bandano Bhagyava Thandano
| lyrics2 = [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
| extra2 = [[B. R. Chaya]], Vishnu
| length2 =
| title3 = Lolalotte Ee Baduku
| lyrics3 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Undu Hoda Kondu Hoda
| extra4 = Vani Jairam
| lyrics4 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| length4 =
}}

==Awards==
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story]] — [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14090900}}

{{Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Undu Hoda Kondu Hoda}}
[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijaya Bhaskar]]
[[Category:1992 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1992 comedy films]]
[[Category:1990s satirical films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]]

Krishna Chandra Agarwal

2026-04-10T05:05:22Z

Sergqpm: stub

{{Short description|Indian judge (born 1934)}}
{{BLP one source|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Krishna Chandra Agarwal
| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1934|01|15}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]]
| occupation = [[lawyer]], [[judge]]
| office = [[List of Chief Justices of Rajasthan High Court|Chief Justice of Rajasthan High Court]]
| term = 15 April 1990 – 1994
| appointer = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]
| office2 = Chief Justice of [[Calcutta High Court]]
| term2 = 1994 – 15 January 1996
| predecessor2 = [[Anandamoy Bhattacharjee]]
| successor2 = [[V. N. Khare]]
| appointer2 = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
}}

'''Krishna Chandra Agarwal''' (born 15 January 1934) is an Indian retired judge. He is a former [[List of Chief Justices of Rajasthan High Court|Chief Justice of Rajasthan High Court]] and [[Calcutta High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/memoriesmemoriesandmemories.html|title=Memories, Memories and Memories|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref>

==Career==
Agarwal studied in Agarwal Intermediate College at [[Allahabad]] and became [[Law]] graduate from [[Allahabad University]]. After the advocate's enrollment in 1956 he practiced in Civil and constitutional matters in the [[Allahabad High Court]]. Since 1970 he worked as Chief Standing Counsel of the State Government. He was the Editor of the Allahabad Law Journal. Agarwal was appointed additional Judge of Allahabad High Court on 6 August 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/Judges/ex-judges/ex-judge1900-1990.htm|title=List of retired/ resigned/expired HON'BLE Judge Arranged According to Date of Appointment|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> He was transferred as Chief Justice of [[Rajasthan High Court]] on 15 April 1990 and in 1994 he became the Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court. Justice Agarwal retired on 15 January 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/Judges/ex-judges/KCAgarwal.htm|title=HON'BLE MR. KRISHNA CHANDRA AGRAWAL|website=allahabadhighcourt.in|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agarwal, Krishna Chandra}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:Judges of the Allahabad High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Rajasthan High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Calcutta High Court]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]

Jaswinder Singh Ramdas

2026-04-07T16:37:14Z

Sergqpm: biography

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| term_end = 
| constituency = [[Attari Assembly constituency|Attari]]
| majority =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
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| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
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| blank1 =
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}}
'''Jaswinder Singh''' is an Indian politician and the MLA from [[Attari Assembly constituency]]. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2022 Winner list">{{cite news |title=All Winners List of Punjab Assembly Election 2022 {{!}} Punjab Vidhan Sabha Elections |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/punjab/all-winners/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He represents the [[Attari Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes|Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes]]<ref name="Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=29&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Panchayati Raj Institutions|Committee on Panchayati Raj Institutions]]<ref name="Committee on Panchayati Raj Institutions">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=44&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=2022-06-13 }}</ref>

==Assets and liabilities declared during elections==
During the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], he declared Rs. 2,12,34,159 as an overall financial asset and Rs. 4,83,914 as financial liability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jaswinder Singh(AAP):Constituency- ATTARI (SC)(AMRITSAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/punjab2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=519 |website=www.myneta.info |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Attari Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Attari Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Attari
| before= -
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jaswinder}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{PunjabIN-AAP-politician-stub}}

Jodi (2023 film)

2026-03-28T17:13:16Z

Sergqpm:

{{About|2023 Punjabi-language film|2019 Telugu-language film|Jodi (2019 film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jodi
| image = Jodi film trailer poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Trailer poster
| director = [[Amberdeep Singh]]
| producer = {{ubl|[[Karaj Gill]]|Daljit Thind}}
| writer = Amberdeep Singh
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = {{ubl|[[Diljit Dosanjh]]|[[Nimrat Khaira]]}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Tru Skool]]
| cinematography = Sandeep Patil
| editing = Manish More
| studio = {{ubl|Rhythm Boyz Entertainment|Thind Motion Films}}
| distributor = Rhythm Boyz
| released = {{Film date|2023|05|05|df=y}}
| runtime = 139 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=Jodi|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/jodi-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdeynzi2|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=4 May 2023|archive-date=4 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504165734/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/jodi-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdeynzi2|url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Jodi''''' ({{IPA|pa|d͡ʒoːɽiː|pron}}) is an Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language romantic-comedy [[historical drama|period]] film written and directed by [[Amberdeep Singh]]. It is co-produced by [[Karaj Gill]] under Rhythm Boyz Entertainment and Daljit Thind under Thind Motion Films. The film stars Dosanjh and [[Nimrat Khaira]].

Dosanjh started working on music of the film in August 2019, and its filming began on 5 October 2019. The film was scheduled to be released on 26 June 2020 but it was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=Post>{{Cite news|title=Punjabi film producers won't go digital, not yet|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/punjab-wont-go-digital-not-yet-89285|date=24 May 2020|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en|access-date=31 May 2020|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609050626/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/punjab-wont-go-digital-not-yet-89285|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was scheduled for release on 24 June 2021,<ref>{{cite news |title=Diljit Dosanjh film Jodi to release in 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/diljit-dosanjh-starrer-jodi-to-release-in-2021-7126583/ |access-date=13 February 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=31 December 2020 |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124062849/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/diljit-dosanjh-starrer-jodi-to-release-in-2021-7126583/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Diljit Dosanjh and Nimrat Khira's 'Jodi' to release on June 24th|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/diljit-dosanjh-and-nimrat-khiras-jodi-to-release-on-june-24th/articleshow/81324480.cms|access-date=4 March 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|date=4 March 2021|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308112152/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/diljit-dosanjh-and-nimrat-khiras-jodi-to-release-on-june-24th/articleshow/81324480.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> but was postponed again due to COVID-19. It was finally released on 5 May 2023.<ref name="rel:ptc" />

== Cast ==
* [[Diljit Dosanjh]] as Amar Singh Sitaara
* [[Nimrat Khaira]] as Kamaljot
* Hardeep Gill as Ustaad
* Harsimran as Joshila
* Drishtii Garewal as Neelam Komal
* Ravinder Mand as Bhola

== Production ==
[[File:Nimrat Khaira 2020.jpg|upright|thumb|''Jodi'' is [[Nimrat Khaira]]'s (''pictured 2020'') second collaboration with [[Amberdeep Singh]] and Rhythm Boyz, after ''[[Lahoriye]]''.|alt=Nimrat Khaira smiling.]]
===Development===
[[Amberdeep Singh]] started working on ''Jodi'' in 2011, and was announced by him in December 2018. Singh and [[Gurpreet Singh Palheri]] developed the film and joined Rhythm Boyz Entertainment to produce. [[Karaj Gill]] in an interview disclosed that the film was discussed every time before their another films.<ref>{{Citation|title=Karaj Gill {{!}} Pritpal Siyan {{!}} Episode 2 {{!}} Part 1 {{!}} Amiran World| date=9 October 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAHhiC8Cu6w|language=en|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103133624/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAHhiC8Cu6w&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}} {{Citation|title=Karaj Gill {{!}} Pritpal Siyan {{!}} Episode 2 {{!}}Part 2{{!}} Amiran World| date=24 October 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7ueJUv3OFM|language=en|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109012011/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7ueJUv3OFM&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 January 2019, [[Diljit Dosanjh]] was confirmed as a lead actor.<ref name=":1" /> Dosanjh started working on music of the film in August 2019. Also, he disclosed that [[Amrinder Gill]] is a producer, but he would not be seen on the screen for this film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vashist |first1=Neha |title=Exclusive! Diljit Dosanjh spills some beans on his debut Punjabi production 'Jodi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/exclusive-diljit-dosanjh-spills-some-beans-on-his-debut-punjabi-production-jodi/articleshow/70394471.cms |access-date=12 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=26 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810124054/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/exclusive-diljit-dosanjh-spills-some-beans-on-his-debut-punjabi-production-jodi/articleshow/70394471.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] of the film was scheduled to begin in September–October,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/diljit-dosanjhs-debut-punjabi-production-jodi-goes-on-the-floor/articleshow/71424248.cms|title=Diljit Dosanjh's debut Punjabi production 'Jodi' goes on the floor?|date=3 October 2019|work=The Times of India|access-date=5 October 2019|archive-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107061130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/diljit-dosanjhs-debut-punjabi-production-jodi-goes-on-the-floor/articleshow/71424248.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and finally began on 5 October 2019, where Sandeep Patil served as [[cinematographer]]. First schedule of the filming was completed on 29 November 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/life-style/diljit-dosanjh-nimrat-khaira-share-behind-the-scene-stills-from-jodi-sets/868323.html|title=Diljit Dosanjh, Nimrat Khaira share behind-the-scene stills from 'Jodi' sets|date=30 November 2019|work=The Tribune|access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/punjabi-movies-to-look-forward-to-in-2020/jodi-diljit-dosanjh-and-nimrat-khaira-wrap-up-the-first-shooting-schedule-of-the-movie/photostory/72327496.cms|title=Jodi: Diljit Dosanjh and Nimrat Khaira wrap up the first shooting schedule of the movie - Punjabi movies to look forward to in 2020|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=13 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413122322/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/punjabi-movies-to-look-forward-to-in-2020/jodi-diljit-dosanjh-and-nimrat-khaira-wrap-up-the-first-shooting-schedule-of-the-movie/photostory/72327496.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Nimrat Khaira]] was confirmed as a lead actress.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/punjabi-movies-to-look-forward-to-in-2020/jodi-diljit-dosanjh-starts-shooting-his-next-punjabi-movie/photostory/71461980.cms|title=Jodi: Diljit Dosanjh starts shooting his next Punjabi movie|work=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=6 October 2019|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119195142/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/punjabi-movies-to-look-forward-to-in-2020/jodi-diljit-dosanjh-starts-shooting-his-next-punjabi-movie/photostory/71461980.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> Drishti Grewal was also confirmed as the part of the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/exclusive-drishtii-grewal-to-be-a-part-of-diljit-dosanjhs-jodi/|title=Exclusive! Drishtii Garewal To Be A Part Of Diljit Dosanjh's 'Jodi'|last=Kapoor|first=Diksha|date=24 October 2019|website=[[PTC Punjabi]]|language=en-US|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026113652/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/exclusive-drishtii-grewal-to-be-a-part-of-diljit-dosanjhs-jodi/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack of the film contains 15 songs composed and produced by [[Tru Skool]], with a bonus single produced by Gurmeet Singh. The lyrics are penned by [[Happy Raikoti]], Raj Ranjodh, Veet Baljit, Harmanjeet and many more. The music is of the Panjabi folk genre, featuring genre specific instrumentation all recorded live in Derby, England. Musical pieces also composed and directed by Tru Skool.

{{Track listing
| headline = Tracklisting (order of release, complete tracklisting yet TBA)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title_width = 20%
| title1 = Jigra Te Laija Gabrua
| extra1 = [[Diljit Dosanjh]], [[Nimrat Khaira]]
| lyrics1 = Raj Ranjodh
| music1 = Tru Skool
| length1 = 2:54
| title2 = Takue Chalaon Ni Main Janda
| extra2 = Diljit Dosanjh, Nimrat Khaira
| lyrics2 = [[Happy Raikoti]]
| music2 = Tru Skool
| length2 = 4:32
| title3 = Jodi Teri Meri
| extra3 = Diljit Dosanjh, Nimrat Khaira
| lyrics3 = Raj Ranjodh
| music3 = Tru Skool
| length3 = 4:15
| title4 = Chan Wargi
| extra4 = Diljit Dosanjh, Nimrat Khaira
| lyrics4 = Happy Raikoti
| music4 = Tru Skool
| length4 = 3:36
| title5 = Meri Kalam Na bole
| extra5 = Diljit Dosanjh
| lyrics5 = Happy Raikoti
| music5 = Tru Skool
| length5 = 3:28
| title6 = Lagge Magh Di Trail Wargi
| extra6 = [[Raj Ranjodh]], Nimrat Khaira
| lyrics6 = Happy Raikoti
| music6 = Tru Skool
| length6 = 4:44
| title7 = Jatt Di Jaan
| extra7 = Diljit Dosanjh, Nimrat Khaira
| lyrics7 = Raj Ranjodh
| music7 = Tru Skool
| length7 = 2:53
| title8 = Jinde
| extra8 = [[Amrinder Gill]]
| lyrics8 = Harmanjeet
| music8 = Gurmeet Singh
| length8 = 3:20
| total_length = TBA|
| title9 = Akhiri Salaam
| extra9 = Diljit Dosanjh
| title10 = Gal Kise Di
| length10 = 2:53
| lyrics10 = Veet Baljit
| music10 = Tru Skool
| extra10 = Diljit Dosanjh
| title11 = Parohna Banke
| length11 = TBA
| lyrics11 = Raj Ranjodh
| music11 = Tru Skool
| extra11 = Diljit Dosanjh, Nimrat Khaira
| lyrics9 = Raj Ranjodh
| music9 = Tru Skool
| length9 = 4:05
| title12 = Lalkaare Jatt De
| extra12 = Diljit Dosanjh, Nimrat Khaira
| lyrics12 = Raj Ranjodh
| music12 = Tru Skool
| length12 = 4:05
| title13 = Jatt Jaati Saati
| extra13 = Diljit Dosanjh, Nimrat Khaira
| lyrics13 = Raj Ranjodh
| music13 = Tru Skool
| length13 = 4:05
}}

== Release and marketing ==
''Jodi'' was announced by [[Amberdeep Singh]] in December 2018 on his social media handle, following the release of ''[[Bhajjo Veero Ve]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghaintpunjab.com/ghaintpunjab/Article/11461/new-punjabi-film-jodi-announced-for-release-next-year|title=New Punjabi Film 'Jodi' Announced For Release Next Year!|last=Prakriti|date=17 December 2018|website=Ghaint Punjab|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825025157/https://www.ghaintpunjab.com/ghaintpunjab/Article/11461/new-punjabi-film-jodi-announced-for-release-next-year|archive-date=25 August 2019|access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> In January 2019, the title poster of the film was released revealing [[Diljit Dosanjh]] as a lead actor and producer along with [[Amrinder Gill]] and [[Karaj Gill]]. Also, the poster was released along a caption "Punjabi Cinema Zindabaad" which means "Long Live Punjabi Cinema".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/diljit-dosanjh-turns-producer-for-jodi/articleshow/67751666.cms|title=Diljit Dosanjh turns producer for 'Jodi'|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929040507/https://timesofindia.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/diljit-dosanjh-turns-producer-for-jodi/articleshow/67751666.cms|archive-date=29 September 2019|access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> The film was initially scheduled to be released in 2019 but was postponed to 26 June 2020.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Release">{{cite news |title=Diljit Dosanjh announces the release date of his 2020 scheduled 'Jodi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/diljit-dosanjh-announces-the-release-date-of-his-2020-scheduled-jodi/articleshow/71615494.cms |access-date=16 October 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 October 2019 |language=en |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016195515/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/diljit-dosanjh-announces-the-release-date-of-his-2020-scheduled-jodi/articleshow/71615494.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It was again postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=Post/>

It was finally released on 5 May 2023.<ref name="rel:ptc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/diljit-dosanjhs-jodi-and-dev-kharouds-blackia-2-to-witness-box-office-clash-in-the-year-2023|title=Diljit Dosanjh's 'Jodi' and Dev Kharoud's 'Blackia 2' to witness box office clash in the year 2023|last=Sharma|first=Shimona|date=28 November 2022|website=[[PTC Punjabi]]|language=en-US|access-date=4 December 2022|archive-date=4 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204150340/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/diljit-dosanjhs-jodi-and-dev-kharouds-blackia-2-to-witness-box-office-clash-in-the-year-2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Four days before the film's release, a local court in Ludhiana stayed its release after a person named Ishdeep Randhawa filed a motion claiming that Chamkila's first wife Gurmail Kaur had sold the exclusive rights to make Chamkila's biopic to his father Gurdev Singh, who died in November 2022. Randhawa further alleged that Gurmail Kaur had collected {{INR}} 5 [[lakh]] from his father in exchange for the rights and signed a written agreement, after which the court postponed the film's release and all the morning shows scheduled for 5 May were cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/release-of-diljit-dosanjh-film-jodi-postponed-actor-apologies-8593498/|title=Release of Diljit Dosanjh's film Jodi postponed, actor apologies to those 'looking forward to it'|date=5 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/jodi-film-release-chamkila-diljit-dosanjh-8594645/|title=Based on Chamkila's life, Diljit Dosanjh's film Jodi releases 'after unforeseen difficulties'|date=6 May 2023}}</ref> However, it was released in the evening after the distributor sent a letter to the theatres and multiplexes claiming that the situation had been resolved and both parties had reached an agreement.<ref name="auto"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|11384372}}
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:2023 films]]

Kaliveedu

2026-03-24T15:21:02Z

Sergqpm:

{{About|the 1996 Malayalam film|the 2021 Malayalam soap opera|Kaliveedu (TV series)}}
{{All plot|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaliveedu
| image = Kaliveedu-1996.jpg

| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Sibi Malayil]]
| producer = [[Dinesh Panicker]]
| writer = [[Sasidharan Arattuvazhi]]
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jayaram]]|[[Manju Warrier]]|[[Sunitha (actress)|Sunitha]]|[[Vani Viswanath]]|[[Jagadish]]|[[Kottayam Santha]]}}
| music = [[Mohan Sitara]]
| cinematography = [[Anandakuttan]]
| editing = Bhoominathan
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1996|12|19|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Kaliveedu''''' ({{Translation|Play House}}) is a 1996 Malayalam family drama film directed by [[Sibi Malayil]]. It stars [[Jayaram]], [[Manju Warrier]], [[Jagadish]], [[Sunitha (actress)|Sunitha]], and [[Vani Viswanath]] in lead roles. The film explores the marital relationship of Mahesh (Jayaram) and Mridula (Manju Warrier), and their lives following their divorce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/arrogant-wife-please-adjust-how-malayalam-cinema-has-portrayed-divorce-107581|work=The News Minute|date=21 August 2019|title=Arrogant wife, please adjust: How Malayalam cinema has portrayed divorce |author=Cris|access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kaliveedu-a-film-that-pulled-the-malayalam-industry-back-to-the-dark-ages/a6e6952b54856|title=Kaliveedu: A film that pulled the Malayalam industry back to the Dark Ages|work=OTT Play|date=9 December 2021|first=Ryan|last=Gomez|access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref>

==Plot==

Mahesh is an architect/interior designer working for a reputed company. Ulahannan is a site supervisor in the same company. Ulahannan, Dr. Gonzales, and Mahesh are good friends. Yamini is a modern girl from the USA who wishes to settle down in Kerala and approaches Mahesh to design her house. Upon her father's insistence, Yamini wishes to marry Mahesh but is surprised to know that Mahesh is already married to a dancer named Mridula.

Mahesh reveals that he was very disciplined due to his upbringing in a military family. He used to regularly exercise, wake up early, read newspapers, and keep his house/clothes clean. He wanted a wife who was disciplined, would be proactive in looking after her husband's needs, and would advise in his job-related designs. However, Mridula fails to meet his expectations.
One day, a servant, Oormila, is hired. Oormila takes an active interest in Mahesh's activities and lives up to his expectations. Mahesh is highly impressed with Oormila. However, this annoys Mridula when she realises that Oormila is in fact Ulahannan's wife. Oormila was hired to make Mridula understand the responsibilities of a wife. An angry Mridula leaves the house after a heated argument, and they file for divorce.

After hearing his story, Yamini suggests to Mahesh that they live together for a few days (without any physical relationship) and if they find each other compatible they would get married. Mahesh agrees to the suggestion. Mahesh soon realises that Yamini is not a match for him and Mridula was in fact a better life partner. On the other hand, Yamini is very happy and is convinced to marry Mahesh. Seeing her happiness, Mahesh reluctantly agrees to the marriage.

At the marriage registrar's office, Mahesh is surprised to see Mridula. Yamini explains that for any happy married life, each partner must adjust to the other, know each other's shortcomings, and never be over-disciplined. Yamini informs Mahesh to remarry Mridula since they both love each other. Finally, Mridula and Mahesh get married again.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Jayaram]] as Mahesh Sivan
* [[Manju Warrier]] as Mridula<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/from-sallapam-to-rani-padmini-how-manju-warrier-made-a-successful-comeback-to-regain-malayalam-superstar-status-6276421.html|title=From Sallapam to Rani Padmini, how Manju Warrier made a successful comeback to regain Malayalam superstar status|work=First Post|access-date=12 May 2022|first=Neelima|last=Menon|date=17 March 2019}}</ref>
* [[Vani Viswanath]] as Yamini Menon
* [[Jagadish]] as Ulahannan
* [[Sunitha (actress)|Sunitha]] as Oormila
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Chittedathu Madhavan Nair
* [[Cochin Haneefa]] as Dr. Gonzales
* [[Jagannatha Varma]] as Menon
* [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Mary
* [[Santhakumari]] as Treesa
* [[Ponnamma Babu]] as Ramani
* [[Kottayam Santha]]
* [[Anandavally]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/Apr/06/dubbing-artist-anandavally-the-voice-that-powered-a-1000-characters-1960749.html|title=Dubbing artist Anandavally: The voice that powered a 1,000 characters|work=The New Indian Express|date=6 August 2019|access-date=30 September 2020|first=Shibu|last=BS}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0355631|Kaliveedu}}
{{Sibi Malayil}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1996 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mohan Sithara]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}
{{1990s-comedy-drama-film-stub}}

Shakespeare's plays

2026-03-21T14:36:24Z

Sergqpm: minor edit

{{Short description|none}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
[[File:Gilbert WShakespeares Plays.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[John Gilbert (painter)|Sir John Gilbert's]] 1849 painting: ''The Plays of Shakespeare'', containing scenes and characters from several of [[William Shakespeare]]'s plays]]
'''Shakespeare's plays''' are a canon of approximately 39 dramatic works written by the English playwright and poet [[William Shakespeare]]. The exact number of plays as well as their classifications as [[Shakespearean tragedy|tragedy]], [[Shakespearean history|history]], [[Shakespearean comedy|comedy]], or otherwise is a matter of scholarly debate. Shakespeare's plays are widely regarded as among the greatest in the English language and are continually performed around the world. The plays have been translated into every major [[Modern language|living language]].

Many of his plays appeared in print as a series of [[Folios and Quartos (Shakespeare)|quartos]], but approximately half of them remained unpublished until 1623, when the posthumous [[First Folio]] was published. The traditional division of his plays into tragedies, comedies, and histories follows the categories used in the First Folio. However, modern criticism has labelled some of these plays "[[Shakespearean problem play|problem plays]]" that elude easy categorisation, or perhaps purposely break generic conventions, and has introduced the term [[Shakespeare's late romances|romances]] for what scholars believe to be his later comedies.

When Shakespeare first arrived in [[London]] in the late 1580s or early 1590s, dramatists writing for London's new commercial playhouses (such as [[Curtain Theatre|The Curtain]]) were combining two strands of dramatic tradition into a new and distinctively Elizabethan synthesis. Previously, the most common forms of popular English theatre were the [[Tudor period|Tudor]] [[morality play]]s. These plays, generally celebrating [[piety]], use [[personification|personified]] moral attributes to urge or instruct the [[protagonist]] to choose the virtuous life over Evil. The characters and plot situations are largely symbolic rather than realistic. As a child, Shakespeare would likely have seen this type of play (along with, perhaps, [[mystery play]]s and [[miracle play]]s).{{sfn|Greenblatt|2005|p=34}}

The other strand of dramatic tradition was [[classical antiquity|classical]] aesthetic theory. This theory was derived ultimately from [[Aristotle]]; in [[English Renaissance|Renaissance England]], however, the theory was better known through its Roman interpreters and practitioners. At the universities, plays were staged in a more academic form as [[Roman Empire|Roman]] closet dramas. These plays, usually performed in [[Latin language|Latin]], adhered to classical ideas of [[Classical unities|unity]] and [[decorum]], but they were also more static, valuing lengthy speeches over physical action. Shakespeare would have learned this theory at grammar school, where [[Plautus]] and especially [[Terence]] were key parts of the curriculum<ref>Baldwin, T. W. (1944). ''Shakspere's Small Latine and Less Greek''. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 499–532).</ref> and were taught in editions with lengthy theoretical introductions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Doran|first=Madeleine|author-link=Madeleine Doran|year=1954|title=Endeavors of Art|location=Madison|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|pages=160–171}}</ref>

==Theatre and stage setup==
Archaeological excavations on the foundations of the [[The Rose (theatre)|Rose]] and the [[Globe Theatre|Globe]] in the late twentieth century<ref>Gurr, pp. 123–131, 142–146.{{incomplete short citation|date=February 2023}}</ref> suggested that all London [[English Renaissance theatre]]s were built around similar general plans. Despite individual differences, the public theatres were three stories high and built around an open space at the center. Usually polygonal in plan to give an overall rounded effect, three levels of inward-facing galleries overlooked the open center into which jutted the stage—essentially a platform surrounded on three sides by the audience, only the rear being restricted for the entrances and exits of the actors and seating for the musicians. The upper level behind the stage could be used as a [[balcony]], as in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', or as a position for a character to harangue a crowd, as in ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]''.

Usually built of timber, lath and plaster and with thatched roofs, the early theatres were vulnerable to fire, and gradually were replaced (when necessary) with stronger structures. When the Globe burned down in June 1613, it was rebuilt with a tile roof.

A different model was developed with the [[Blackfriars Theatre]], which came into regular use on a long term basis in 1599. The Blackfriars was small in comparison to the earlier theatres, and roofed rather than open to the sky; it resembled a modern theatre in ways that its predecessors did not.

==Elizabethan Shakespeare==
For Shakespeare, as he began to write, both traditions were alive; they were, moreover, filtered through the recent success of the [[University Wits]] on the London stage. By the late 16th century, the popularity of morality and academic plays waned as the [[English Renaissance]] took hold, and playwrights like [[Thomas Kyd]] and [[Christopher Marlowe]] revolutionised theatre. Their plays blended the old morality drama with classical theory to produce a new secular form.<ref>Bevington, David (1969). ''From Mankind to Marlowe'' (Cambridge: Harvard University Press), ''passim''.</ref> The new drama combined the rhetorical complexity of the academic play with the bawdy energy of the moralities. However, it was more ambiguous and complex in its meanings, and less concerned with simple allegory. Inspired by this new style, Shakespeare continued these artistic strategies,<ref>Logan, Robert A. (2006). ''Shakespeare's Marlowe'' Ashgate Publishing, p. 156.</ref> creating plays that not only resonated on an emotional level with audiences but also explored and debated the basic elements of what it means to be human. What Marlowe and Kyd did for tragedy, [[John Lyly]] and [[George Peele]], among others, did for comedy: they offered models of witty dialogue, romantic action, and exotic, often pastoral location that formed the basis of Shakespeare's comedic mode throughout his career.{{sfn|Dillon|2006|pp=49–54}}

Shakespeare's Elizabethan tragedies (including the history plays with tragic designs, such as ''Richard II'') demonstrate his relative independence from classical models. He takes from Aristotle and [[Horace]] the notion of decorum; with few exceptions, he focuses on high-born characters and national affairs as the subject of tragedy. In most other respects, though, the early tragedies are far closer to the spirit and style of moralities. They are episodic, packed with character and incident; they are loosely unified by a theme or character.<ref>Ribner, Irving (1957). ''The English History Play in the Age of Shakespeare''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 12–27.</ref> In this respect, they reflect clearly the influence of Marlowe, particularly of ''[[Tamburlaine (play)|Tamburlaine]]''. Even in his early work, however, Shakespeare generally shows more restraint than Marlowe; he resorts to grandiloquent rhetoric less frequently, and his attitude towards his heroes is more nuanced, and sometimes more sceptical, than Marlowe's.<ref>Waith, Eugene (1967). ''The Herculean Hero in Marlowe, Chapman, Shakespeare, and Dryden''. New York: Columbia University Press.</ref> By the turn of the century, the bombast of ''[[Titus Andronicus]]'' had vanished, replaced by the subtlety of ''Hamlet''.

In comedy, Shakespeare strayed even further from classical models. ''The Comedy of Errors'', an adaptation of Plautus's ''[[Menaechmi]]'', follows the model of [[new comedy]] closely. Shakespeare's other Elizabethan comedies are more romantic. Like Lyly, he often makes romantic intrigue (a secondary feature in Latin new comedy) the main plot element;{{sfn|Doran|1954|pp=220–225}} even this romantic plot is sometimes given less attention than witty dialogue, deceit, and jests. The "reform of manners", which Horace considered the main function of comedy,<ref>[[Edward Kennard Rand|Edward Rand]] (1937). ''Horace and the Spirit of Comedy''. Houston: Rice Institute Press, ''passim''.</ref> survives in such episodes as the gulling of [[Malvolio]].

==Jacobean Shakespeare==
Shakespeare reached maturity as a dramatist at the end of Elizabeth's reign, and in the first years of the reign of [[James I of England|James]]. In these years, he responded to a deep shift in popular tastes, both in subject matter and approach. At the turn of the decade, he responded to the vogue for dramatic satire initiated by the [[boy player]]s at [[Blackfriars Theatre|Blackfriars]] and [[Children of Paul's|St. Paul's]]. At the end of the decade, he seems to have attempted to capitalise on the new fashion for [[tragicomedy]],<ref>[[Arthur Kirsch|Kirsch, Arthur]]. ''Cymbeline and Coterie Dramaturgy''</ref> even collaborating with [[John Fletcher (playwright)|John Fletcher]], the writer who had popularised the genre in England.

The influence of younger dramatists such as [[John Marston (playwright)|John Marston]] and [[Ben Jonson]] is seen not only in the problem plays, which dramatise intractable human problems of greed and lust, but also in the darker tone of the Jacobean tragedies.<ref>{{cite book|last=Foakes|first=R. A.|author-link=R. A. Foakes|year=1968|title=Shakespeare: Dark Comedies to Last Plays|location=London|publisher=Routledge|pages=18–40}}</ref> The Marlovian, heroic mode of the Elizabethan tragedies is gone, replaced by a darker vision of heroic natures caught in environments of pervasive corruption. As a sharer in both the Globe and in the King's Men, Shakespeare never wrote for the boys' companies; however, his early Jacobean work is markedly influenced by the techniques of the new, satiric dramatists. One play, ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'', may even have been inspired by the [[War of the Theatres]].<ref>Campbell, O. J. (1938). ''Comicall Satyre and Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida''. San Marino: Huntington Library. ''passim''.</ref>

Shakespeare's final plays hark back to his Elizabethan comedies in their use of romantic situation and incident.<ref>David Young (1972). ''The Heart's Forest: A Study of Shakespeare's Pastoral Plays''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 130ff.</ref> In these plays, however, the sombre elements that are largely glossed over in the earlier plays are brought to the fore and often rendered dramatically vivid. This change is related to the success of tragicomedies such as ''[[Philaster (play)|Philaster]]'', although the uncertainty of dates makes the nature and direction of the influence unclear. From the evidence of the title-page to ''[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]]'' and from [[Content analysis|textual analysis]] it is believed by some editors that Shakespeare ended his career in collaboration with Fletcher, who succeeded him as house playwright for the King's Men.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ackroyd|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Ackroyd| title = Shakespeare: The Biography | publisher=Chatto and Windus | year = 2005 | location = London | pages = 472–474 | isbn = 1-85619-726-3}}</ref> These last plays resemble Fletcher's tragicomedies in their attempt to find a comedic mode capable of dramatising more serious events than had his earlier comedies.

==Style==
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, "drama became the ideal means to capture and convey the diverse interests of the time."{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} Stories of various genres were enacted for audiences consisting of both the wealthy and educated and the poor and illiterate. Later on, he retired at the height of the Jacobean period, not long before the start of the [[Thirty Years' War]]. His verse style, his choice of subjects, and his stagecraft all bear the marks of both periods.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wilson |first=F. P. |title=Elizabethan and Jacobean |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.34126 |year=1945 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.34126/page/n34 26] }}</ref> His style changed not only in accordance with his own tastes and developing mastery, but also in accord with the tastes of the audiences for whom he wrote.<ref>Bentley, G. E. "The Profession of Dramatist in Shakespeare's Time", ''[[Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society]]'' 115 (1971), 481.</ref>

While many passages in Shakespeare's plays are written in [[prose]], he almost always wrote a large proportion of his plays and poems in [[iambic pentameter]]. In some of his early works (like ''Romeo and Juliet''), he even added punctuation at the end of these iambic pentameter lines to make the rhythm even stronger.<ref name="Barron'sHamlet">Introduction to ''Hamlet'' by William Shakespeare, Barron's Educational Series, 2002, p. 11.</ref> He and many dramatists of this period used the form of [[blank verse]] extensively in character dialogue, thus heightening poetic effects.

To end many scenes in his plays he used a rhyming [[couplet]] to give a sense of conclusion, or completion.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xy0dMdIJ1MsC&pg=PA52 |page=52 |first=John C. |last=Meagher |title=Pursuing Shakespeare's Dramaturgy: Some Contexts, Resources, and Strategies in His Playmaking |year=2003 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|isbn=978-0838639931 }}</ref> A typical example is provided in ''[[Macbeth]]'': as Macbeth leaves the stage to murder Duncan (to the sound of a chiming clock), he says,<ref>{{Folger inline|Macbeth|2|1|76–77}}</ref>
<poem style="margin-left: 2em;">Hear it not Duncan, for it is a knell
That summons thee to heaven or to hell.</poem>

Shakespeare's writing (especially his plays) also feature extensive wordplay in which [[double entendre]]s and rhetorical flourishes are repeatedly used.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mahood |first=Molly Maureen |author-link= Molly Mahood |title=Shakespeare's Wordplay |url=https://archive.org/details/shakespearesword00maho |url-access=limited |year=1988 |publisher=Routledge |page=[https://archive.org/details/shakespearesword00maho/page/n9 9] |isbn=9780415036993 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clicknotes.com/hamlet/Pap.html |title=Hamlet's Puns and Paradoxes |access-date=8 June 2007 |work=Shakespeare Navigators |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613133240/http://www.clicknotes.com/hamlet/Pap.html |archive-date=13 June 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Humour is a key element in all of Shakespeare's plays. Although a large amount of his comical talent is evident in his comedies, some of the most entertaining scenes and characters are found in tragedies such as ''[[Hamlet]]'' and histories such as ''[[Henry IV, Part 1]]''. Shakespeare's humour was largely influenced by [[Plautus]].<ref>"Humor in Shakespeare's Plays". ''Shakespeare's World and Work''. Ed. John F. Andrews. 2001. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.</ref>

===Soliloquies in plays===
Shakespeare's plays are also notable for their use of [[soliloquy|soliloquies]], in which a character, apparently alone within the context of the play, makes a speech so that the audience may understand the character's inner motivations and conflict.<ref>Clemen, Wolfgang H. (1987). ''Shakespeare's Soliloquies''. translated by Charity S. Stokes, Routledge, p. 11.</ref>

In his book ''Shakespeare and the History of Soliloquies'', James Hirsh defines the convention of a Shakespearean soliloquy in early modern drama. He argues that when a person on the stage speaks to himself or herself, they are characters in a fiction speaking in character; this is an occasion of self-address. Furthermore, Hirsh points out that Shakespearean soliloquies and "[[asides]]" are audible in the fiction of the play, bound to be overheard by any other character in the scene unless certain elements confirm that the speech is protected. Therefore, a Renaissance playgoer who was familiar with this dramatic convention would have been alert to [[Prince Hamlet|Hamlet]]'s expectation that his soliloquy be overheard by the other characters in the scene. Moreover, Hirsh asserts that in soliloquies in other Shakespearean plays, the speaker is entirely in character within the play's fiction. Saying that addressing the audience was outmoded by the time Shakespeare was alive, he "acknowledges few occasions when a Shakespearean speech might involve the audience in recognising the simultaneous reality of the stage and the world the stage is representing". Other than 29 speeches delivered by choruses or characters who revert to that condition as epilogues "Hirsh recognizes only three instances of audience address in Shakespeare's plays, 'all in very early comedies, in which audience address is introduced specifically to ridicule the practice as antiquated and amateurish.'"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maurer |first=Margaret |year=2005 |title= Review: Shakespeare and the History of Soliloquies|journal=Shakespeare Quarterly |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=504|doi= 10.1353/shq.2006.0027 |s2cid=191491239 }}</ref>

==Source material of the plays==
[[File:1577 printing of Holinshed's Chronicles.jpg|thumb|right|The first edition of [[Raphael Holinshed]]'s ''Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande'', printed in 1577]]
As was common in the period, Shakespeare based many of his plays on the work of other playwrights and recycled older stories and historical material. His dependence on earlier sources was a natural consequence of the speed at which playwrights of his era wrote; in addition, plays based on already popular stories appear to have been seen as more likely to draw large crowds. There were also aesthetic reasons: Renaissance aesthetic theory took seriously the dictum that tragic plots should be grounded in history. For example, ''[[King Lear]]'' is probably an adaptation of an older play, ''[[King Leir]]'', and the [[Henriad]] probably derived from ''[[The Famous Victories of Henry V]]''.<ref name="brittanica">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Shakespeare/Shakespeares-sources "Shakespeare's sources"], ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref> There is speculation that ''[[Hamlet]]'' (c. 1601) may be a reworking of an older, lost play (the so-called ''[[Ur-Hamlet]]''),<ref>Welsh, Alexander (2001). ''Hamlet in his Modern Guises''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 3</ref> but the number of lost plays from this time period makes it impossible to determine that relationship with certainty. (The ''Ur-Hamlet'' may in fact have been Shakespeare's, and was just an earlier and subsequently discarded version.)<ref name="brittanica"/> For plays on historical subjects, Shakespeare relied heavily on two principal texts. Most of the Roman and Greek plays are based on [[Plutarch]]'s ''[[Parallel Lives]]'' (from the 1579 English translation by [[Thomas North|Sir Thomas North]]),<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/JC/plutarch.north.html Plutarch's ''Parallel Lives''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420003954/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/JC/plutarch.north.html |date=20 April 2009 }}. Accessed 23 October 2005.</ref> and the English [[history play]]s are indebted to [[Raphael Holinshed]]'s 1587 ''Chronicles''. This structure did not apply to comedy, and those of Shakespeare's plays for which no clear source has been established, such as ''[[Love's Labour's Lost]]'' and ''[[The Tempest]]'', are comedies. Even these plays, however, rely heavily on generic commonplaces.

While there is much dispute about the exact [[chronology of Shakespeare's plays]], there is a general consensus that stylistic groupings largely reflect a chronology of three phases:
# '''Histories and comedies''' – Shakespeare's earliest plays tended to be adaptations of other playwrights' works and employed blank verse and little variation in rhythm. However, after the [[Bubonic plague|plague]] forced Shakespeare and his company of actors to leave London for periods between 1592 and 1594, Shakespeare began to use rhymed couplets in his plays, along with more dramatic dialogue. These elements showed up in ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'' and ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]].'' Almost all of the plays written after the plague hit London are comedies, perhaps reflecting the public's desire at the time for light-hearted fare. Other comedies from Shakespeare during this period include ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]],'' ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' and ''[[As You Like It]].''
# '''Tragedies''' – Beginning in 1599 with ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'', for the next few years, Shakespeare would produce his most famous dramas, including ''[[Macbeth]],'' ''[[Hamlet]],'' and ''[[King Lear]].'' The plays of this period address issues such as betrayal, murder, lust, power and egoism.
# '''[[Shakespeare's late romances|Late romances]]''' – These plays, including ''[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]]'', ''[[Cymbeline]]'', ''[[The Winter's Tale]]'' and ''[[The Tempest]]'', are so called because they bear similarities to [[romance (heroic literature)|medieval romance literature]]. Among the features of these plays are a redemptive plotline with a happy ending, and magic and other fantastic elements.

== Canonical plays ==
Except where noted, the plays below are listed, for the thirty-six plays included in the [[First Folio]] of 1623, according to the order in which they appear there, with two plays that were not included (''[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]]'' and ''[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]]'') being added at the end of the list of comedies and another (''[[Edward III (play)|Edward III]]'') at the end of the list of histories.

{{col-begin}}
{{col-1-of-3}}

=== Comedies ===

{{Main|Shakespearean comedy}}
# ''[[The Tempest]]'' LR
# ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]''
# ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]''
# ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' PP
# ''[[The Comedy of Errors]]''
# ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]''
# ''[[Love's Labour's Lost]]''
# ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''
# ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' PP
# ''[[As You Like It]]''
# ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]''
# ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' PP
# ''[[Twelfth Night]]''
# ''[[The Winter's Tale]]'' LR PP
# ''[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]]'' LR <s>FF</s>
# ''[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]]'' LR <s>FF</s>
{{col-2-of-3}}

===Histories===

{{Main|Shakespearean history}}
# ''[[King John (play)|King John]]''
# ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]''
# ''[[Henry IV, Part 1]]''
# ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]''
# ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]''
# ''[[Henry VI, Part 1]]''
# ''[[Henry VI, Part 2]]''
# ''[[Henry VI, Part 3]]''
# ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]''
# ''[[Henry VIII (play)|Henry VIII]]''
# ''[[Edward III (play)|Edward III]]'' <s>FF</s>

{{col-3-of-3}}

=== Tragedies ===

{{Main|Shakespearean tragedy}}
# ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' PP
# ''[[Coriolanus]]''
# ''[[Titus Andronicus]]''
# ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''
# ''[[Timon of Athens]]'' PP
# ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]''
# ''[[Macbeth]]''
# ''[[Hamlet]]''
# ''[[King Lear]]''
# ''[[Othello]]''
# ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]''
# ''[[Cymbeline]]'' LR
{{col-end}}

'''Note''': Plays marked with LR are now commonly referred to as the "[[Shakespeare's late romances|late romances]]". Plays marked with PP are known as the "[[Shakespearean problem play|problem plays]]". The three plays marked with <s>FF</s> were not included in the First Folio.

==Dramatic collaborations==
{{Main|Shakespeare's collaborations}}

Like most playwrights of his period, Shakespeare did not always write alone, and a number of his plays were collaborative, although the exact number is open to debate. Some of the following attributions, such as for ''The Two Noble Kinsmen'', have well-attested contemporary documentation; others, such as for ''Titus Andronicus'', remain more controversial and are dependent on linguistic analysis by modern scholars.
* ''[[The History of Cardenio|Cardenio]]'' (a lost play or one that survives only as a later adaptation, ''[[Double Falsehood]]'') – Contemporaneous reports suggest that Shakespeare collaborated with [[John Fletcher (playwright)|John Fletcher]].
* ''[[Cymbeline]]'' – ''The Yale Shakespeare'' suggests that a collaborator may have been responsible for parts or all of act III, scene 7, and act V, scene 2
* ''[[Edward III (play)|Edward III]]'' – Brian Vickers concluded that the play was 40% Shakespeare and 60% [[Thomas Kyd]].
* ''[[Henry VI, Part 1]]'' – Some scholars argue that Shakespeare wrote less than 20% of the text.
* ''[[Henry VIII (play)|Henry VIII]]'' – Generally considered a collaboration between Shakespeare and Fletcher.
* ''[[Macbeth]]'' – [[Thomas Middleton]] may have revised this tragedy in 1615 to incorporate extra musical sequences.
* ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' – May have undergone a light revision by Middleton.
* ''[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]]'' – May include work by [[George Wilkins]], either as collaborator, reviser, or revisee.
* ''[[Timon of Athens]]'' – May have resulted from collaboration between Shakespeare and Middleton.
* ''[[Titus Andronicus]]'' – May have been written in collaboration with or revised by [[George Peele]].
* ''[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]]'' – Attributed in 1634 to Fletcher and Shakespeare.

==Lost plays==
* ''[[Love's Labour's Won]]'' – A late sixteenth-century writer, [[Francis Meres]], and a bookseller's list both include this title among Shakespeare's recent works, but no play of this title has survived. It may have become lost, or it may represent an alternative title of one of the plays listed above, such as ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]'' or ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]''.
* ''[[The History of Cardenio|Cardenio]]'' – Attributed to William Shakespeare and John Fletcher in a [[Stationers' Register]] entry of 1653 (alongside a number of erroneous attributions), and often believed to have been re-worked from a subplot in [[Miguel de Cervantes|Cervantes]]' ''[[Don Quixote]]''. In 1727, [[Lewis Theobald]] produced a play he called ''[[Double Falsehood|Double Falshood]]'', which he claimed to have adapted from three manuscripts of a lost play by Shakespeare that he did not name. ''Double Falshood'' does re-work the Cardenio story, but modern scholarship has not established with certainty whether ''Double Falshood'' includes fragments of Shakespeare's lost play.

==Plays possibly by Shakespeare==
'''Note:''' For a comprehensive account of plays possibly by Shakespeare or in part by Shakespeare, see the separate entry on the [[Shakespeare apocrypha]].
* ''[[Arden of Faversham]]'' – The middle portion of the play (scenes 4–9) may have been written by Shakespeare.
* ''[[Edmund Ironside (play)|Edmund Ironside]]'' – Contains numerous words first used by Shakespeare, and, if by him, is perhaps his first play.
* ''[[The London Prodigal]]'' and ''[[A Yorkshire Tragedy]]'' – Both plays were published in quarto as works of Shakespeare, in 1605 and 1608, and were included in the Third Folio. However, stylistic analysis considers these attributions unlikely.
* ''[[Sir Thomas More (play)|Sir Thomas More]]'' – A collaborative work by several playwrights, including Shakespeare. There is a "growing scholarly consensus"<ref name=HRW>{{Cite book |last=Woudhuysen|first=Henry|author-link=Henry Woudhuysen| title = The New Cambridge companion to Shakespeare | edition = 2 | year = 2010 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, England | isbn = 978-0-521-88632-1 | page = 34 | chapter = Shakespeare's writing, from manuscript to print | editor1-last = de Grazia | editor1-first = Margreta | editor1-link = Margreta de Grazia | editor2-last = Wells |editor2-first=Stanley | editor2-link = Stanley Wells}}</ref> that Shakespeare was called in to re-write a contentious scene in the play and that "Hand D" in the surviving manuscript is that of Shakespeare himself.{{sfn|Woudhuysen|2010|p=70}}
* ''[[The Spanish Tragedy]]'' – Additional passages included in the fourth quarto, including the "painter scene", are likely to have been written by him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/13/arts/further-proof-of-shakespeares-hand-in-the-spanish-tragedy.html|title=Further Proof of Shakespeare's Hand in 'The Spanish Tragedy'|first=Jennifer|last=Schuessler|date=12 August 2013|access-date=15 May 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135848/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/13/arts/further-proof-of-shakespeares-hand-in-the-spanish-tragedy.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Performance history==
{{Main|Shakespeare in performance}}

[[File:Globe Galleries.JPG|thumb|upright|The modern reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, in London]]

During Shakespeare's lifetime, many of his greatest plays were staged at the [[Globe Theatre]] and the [[Blackfriars Theatre]].<ref>Editor's preface to ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' by William Shakespeare, Simon and Schuster, 2004, p. xl</ref>{{sfn|Foakes|1968|loc=6}}<ref>Nagler, A. M. (1958). ''Shakespeare's Stage''. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 7. {{ISBN|0-300-02689-7}}</ref><ref>Shapiro, 131–132.{{incomplete short citation|date=February 2023}}</ref> Shakespeare's fellow members of the Lord Chamberlain's Men acted in his plays. Among these actors were [[Richard Burbage]] (who played the title role in the first performances of many of Shakespeare's plays, including ''[[Hamlet]]'', ''[[Othello]]'', ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'' and ''[[King Lear]]''),<ref>Ringler, William Jr. (1997). "Shakespeare and His Actors: Some Remarks on King Lear" from ''Lear from Study to Stage: Essays in Criticism'' edited by James Ogden and Arthur Hawley Scouten, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, p. 127.</ref> [[Richard Cowley]] (who played Verges in ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]''), [[William Kempe]], (who played Peter in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' and, possibly, Bottom in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'') and [[Henry Condell]] and [[John Heminges]], who are most famous now for collecting and editing the plays of Shakespeare's [[First Folio]] (1623).

Shakespeare's plays continued to be staged after his death until the [[Interregnum (England)|Interregnum]] (1649–1660), when all public stage performances were banned by the [[Puritan]] rulers. After the [[Restoration (England)|English Restoration]], Shakespeare's plays were performed in playhouses with elaborate scenery and staged with music, dancing, thunder, lightning, wave machines, and [[fireworks]]. During this time the texts were "reformed" and "improved" for the stage, an undertaking which has seemed shockingly disrespectful to posterity.

[[Victorian era|Victorian]] productions of Shakespeare often sought pictorial effects in "authentic" historical costumes and sets. The staging of the reported sea fights and barge scene in '' [[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' was one spectacular example.<ref name=Halpern>{{cite book|last=Halpern|first=Richard|year=1997|title=Shakespeare Among the Moderns|location=New York|publisher=Cornell University Press|page=64|isbn=0-8014-8418-9}}</ref> Too often, the result was a loss of pace. Towards the end of the 19th century, [[William Poel]] led a reaction against this heavy style. In a series of "Elizabethan" productions on a [[thrust stage]], he paid fresh attention to the structure of the drama. In the early twentieth century, [[Harley Granville-Barker]] directed quarto and folio texts with few cuts,<ref>Griffiths, Trevor R. (ed.) (1996). ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. William Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; introduction, 2, 38–39. {{ISBN|0-521-57565-6}}.</ref><ref name=Halpern /> while [[Edward Gordon Craig]] and others called for abstract staging. Both approaches have influenced the variety of Shakespearean production styles seen today.<ref>Bristol, Michael, and Kathleen McLuskie (eds.). ''Shakespeare and Modern Theatre: The Performance of Modernity.'' London; New York: Routledge; Introduction, 5–6. {{ISBN|0-415-21984-1}}.</ref>

==Censorship==
{{See also|London theatre closure 1642}}
In 1642 England's Parliament banned plays, including Shakespeare's, accusing the theatre of promoting "lascivious mirth and levity." In 1660, after the [[Commonwealth of England]] ended with the death of [[Oliver Cromwell]], theatre resumed in a limited way.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGath |first=Gary |date=2022-10-19 |title=The Banning of the Bard {{!}} Online Library of Liberty |url=https://oll.libertyfund.org/reading_room/2022-10-19-the-banning-of-the-bard |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=oll.libertyfund.org |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Chronology of Shakespeare's plays]]
* [[Locations of Shakespeare's plays]]
* [[Elizabethan era]]
* [[List of Shakespearean characters]]
* [[Music in the plays of William Shakespeare]]
* [[List of William Shakespeare screen adaptations]]
* [[Shakespeare's late romances]]
* ''[[Returning to Shakespeare]]'' by [[Brian Vickers (literary scholar)|Brian Vickers]]
* ''[[The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)]]''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
{{div col|colwidth=45em}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Elizabethan comedy
|last = Dillon
|first = Janette
|pages = 47–63
|title = The Cambridge Companion to Shakespearean Comedy
|editor1-last = Leggatt
|editor1-first = Alexander
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 2006
|isbn = 978-0511998577
|doi = 10.1017/CCOL0521770440.004
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Will in The World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare
|last = Greenblatt
|first = Stephen
|author-link = Stephen Greenblatt
|year = 2005
|publisher = Pimlico
|location = London
|isbn = 0712600981
}}
{{div col end}}

==Further reading==
* Murphy, Andrew (2003). ''Shakespeare in Print: A History and Chronology of Shakespeare Publishing''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-1139439466}}.
* [[Fintan O'Toole|O'Toole, Fintan]], "No Comfort", ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXXI, no. 10 (6 June 2024), pp. 28–30, 32. "So what ''does'' Shakespeare teach us? Nothing. His tragic theatre is not a classroom. It is a fairground wall of death in which the characters are being pushed outward by the centrifugal force of the action but held in place by the friction of the language." (p. 29.) "[T]he passage of time has altered [the] meanings [of many words]. [This] exaggerates what Shakespeare is doing anyway: simultaneously offering and withholding meaning.... A distinctive strand of his writing is his fondness for expressing one concept with two words, joined together by 'and.'... Shakespeare... often... gives us conjunctions that are neither quite the same nor quite different.... Shakespeare gives us crash courses in every kind of insecurity: physical, emotional, psychological, cognitive, even existential." (p. 30.)

==External links==
{{wikisource|works=or|William Shakespeare}}
* [http://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/plays.php Complete text of Shakespeare's plays], listed by genre, with other options including listing of all speeches by each character
* [https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore-shakespeare/shakespedia/shakespeares-plays/ Summaries of Shakespeare's plays] List of all 27 of Shakespeare's plays with summaries, and images of the plays being performed.
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160813095057/http://shakespearequotesandplays.com/william-shakespeare-plays-complete-list/ Complete list of Shakespeare's plays with synopsis]}}
* [http://www.shakespeare-w.com/english/shakespeare/source.html Narrative and Dramatic Sources of all Shakespeare's works] Also publication years and chronology of Shakespeare's plays
* [https://www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/all-works/ "All Shakespeare's works], [[Folger Shakespeare Library]]
* [http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/ Modern Translations, Study Guides, context and biography of William Shakespeare, of Shakespeare's plays, and his sonnets]
* [http://www.bardweb.net/plays/synopses.html The Shakespeare Resource Center] A directory of web resources for online Shakespearean study. Includes play synopses, a works timeline, and language resources.
* [http://www.shakespearestudyguide.com Shake Sphere] Summary and analysis of all the plays, including those of questionable authorship, such as ''Edward III'', ''[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]]'', and ''[[Cardenio]]''.
* [https://www.bl.uk/shakespeare ''Shakespeare''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110181250/https://www.bl.uk/shakespeare |date=10 November 2022 }} at the British Library – resource including images of original manuscripts, new articles and teaching resources.
{{shakespeare|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Plays by William Shakespeare| ]]
[[Category:Lists of plays]]

Taher Fakhruddin

2026-03-21T07:02:49Z

Sergqpm: Put Up Initial Page W/ Infobox

{{Short description| Da'i of the Qutbi Bohras}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific prefix =
| name = Taher Fakhruddin
| known_for = Spiritual leader of the Qutbi Bohras
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|7|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| style = His Holiness
| organization = Qutbi Bohra
| net_worth =
| term =
| predecessor = [[Khuzaima Qutbuddin]]
| successor =
| boards =
| spouse = Insiyah
| children = 4
| father = [[Khuzaima Qutbuddin]]
| mother = Sakina Qutbuddin
| relatives = {{Ubl
| [[Taher Saifuddin]] (grandfather)
| [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]] (uncle)
| [[Tahera Qutbuddin]] (sister)
}}
| awards =
| module =
| signature =
| image =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website = {{URL|fatemidawat.com}}
| footnotes =
}}
{{Ismailism|collapsed=1}}

'''Taher Fakhruddin'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/-Taher-Fakhruddin-first-interview-Dawoodi-Bohra-dispute-Mumbai-news-17972160|title = Taher Fakhruddin reveals how fear is used to control Dawoodi Bohras' lives|date = 7 February 2017}}</ref> is the 54th [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] of the Qutbi Bohras, a sect within [[Shia Islam]] distinguished as the Shia Fatimi Ismaili Tayyibi Qutbi Bohras. He is the son of [[Khuzaima Qutbuddin]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |date=2 Apr 2016 |title=Obituary for Khuzaima Qutbuddin: Farewell, Mr People |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/farewell-mr-people/articleshow/51654644.cms |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref> the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the group. After the death of the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq, [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]], two persons asserted their right to succeed him, [[Khuzaima Qutbuddin]] and [[Mufaddal Saifuddin]]. Followers of Khuzaima Qutbuddin regard Taher Fakhruddin as his successor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-11 |title=Dispute over succession: HC allows Syedna Taher as legal heir to Syedna Khuzaima Qutbuddin |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/dispute-over-succession-hc-allows-syedna-taher-as-legal-heir-to-syedna-khuzaima-qutbuddin-4368909/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Religious Leadership and Nass ==
Fakhruddin leads the Qutbi Bohra community from his headquarters in [[Thane]], near Mumbai, India. He is recognized by his followers as the spiritual and temporal leader of their community, with authority derived from the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] concept of "Nass"<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLoYKJ1IUTM6peAezs6wWpfyHnAUQv1cbs&v=W6vK5r-CjHQ&feature=youtu.be |title=10th Majalis al Hikma {{!}} "Nass - How Do You Recognize the Ordained Leader? And Who is He?" {{!}} Syedna |date=2020-05-07 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2025-01-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=3751&v=vZklE3M8xSA&feature=youtu.be |title=Syedna Khuzaima Qutbuddin RA Urus Mubarak 1446H Waaz - Naseemu Barakaatil-Ursil-Mubarak |date=2024-12-24 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2025-01-03 |via=YouTube}}</ref> (spiritual designation) by his predecessor.

=== 1. Historical Context ===
Nass refers to the appointment of a successor, who is integral to the faith's continuity. Community history shows that there is no rigid method for conferring Nass.<ref>Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Surat Ashara Waaz sermon on 2nd Moharram 1426 AH.</ref> The key requirement is that the incumbent leader must communicate the nass, there must be a positive statement or indication. The method of Nass for appointing the next Dai al-Mutlaq mirrors that of the Imams; however, in the case of a Da'i al-Mutlaq, the successor is not required to be the consanguineous son of the appointer.

=== 2. Public or Private Communication ===
Nass is a manifestation of Allah's will. It can be declared openly and publicly, communicated privately or it can be documented in authenticated written form by the appointer. External validators (such as witnesses) are not required to testify to the Nass because the Imam's authority and decision-making power is not dependent on external validation. The Imam's infallibility precludes the need for fallible witnesses to confirm or validate his choice: it would be contradictory for the appointment of an infallible Imam to be subject to the testimony or approval of fallible witnesses.

Examples: Nass by private communication include the 12th Imam privately conferring Nass on the 13th Imam, and the 20th Imam conferring Nass in written form via a letter (Sijill ul-Bisharah) to [[Arwa al-Sulayhi|Hurrat al-Malika]], a single woman, declaring her the witness to the appointment of the 21st Imam.

=== 3. Irrevocability of Nass ===
Once conferred, Nass is final and irrevocable.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-12-09 |title='Conferment of succession is irrevocable' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/conferment-of-succession-is-irrevocable/articleshow/61989980.cms |access-date=2024-11-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> This aligns with the Fatemid belief system which asserts that the Nass signifies divine will of Allah, communicated to the Imam, and cannot be altered or revoked.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Labonita |date=8 Dec 2019 |title=A difficult and tricky test: Ismaili scholar Devin Stewart describes his five day testimony in the Bombay High Court |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/a-difficult-and-tricky-test/articleshow/72421406.cms |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref> The appointment is guided by the Imam’s inspiration (ta'yeed), ensuring the appointee aligns with divine preordination, and therefore, it is considered perfect and beyond human interference or improvement.

== Beliefs and Teachings ==
Fakhruddin's teachings emphasize living life in accordance with the teachings of [[Ahl al-Bayt]] including:

# Seeking knowledge and practicing good deeds<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=PkHCvNa5zn9knhNa&v=X4aSn2gH_08&feature=youtu.be |title=19th Majalis al Hikma {{!}} "Why is Virtue Compulsory?" {{!}} Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS |date=2020-07-09 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-12-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
# Striving for spiritual<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=nIgXgbxQgvMS8G4R&v=qOMKZp-rgOI&feature=youtu.be |title=2nd Majalis al Hikma {{!}} "Do We Have Free Will?" {{!}} Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS |date=2020-03-12 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-12-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and material progress<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=YSgwNgdUpAoA2sm5&v=9ybGmmieJ00&feature=youtu.be |title=30th Majalis al Hikma {{!}} "How Do You Earn a Living?" {{!}} Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS |date=2020-10-08 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-12-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref> in one's own life
# Living a life of gratitude<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6_tv5b6ahM&feature=youtu.be |title=Shukr ni Zindagi {{!}} A Life of Gratitude - Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS - Anwaar-ul-Qur'an Sabaq 1443H |date=2022-04-15 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-11-28 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and the importance of intellectual pursuits<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyow12WsGBk&feature=youtu.be |title=4th Majalis al Hikma {{!}} "What is the Origin of the Intellect?" {{!}} Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS |date=2020-03-26 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
# Preservation of Fatimid philosophy, heritage and traditions<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=PNS8aH5xyMzeXEgM&v=cx-El0nDNzQ&feature=youtu.be |title=5th Majalis al Hikma {{!}} "What is the Philosophy of Dawatul Haqq?" {{!}} Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS |date=2020-04-02 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-12-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
# Gender equality,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x52dEuzoJhg&feature=youtu.be |title=Does the Qur'an say men are better than women? {{!}} Ashara Mubaraka 1446H Excerpt |date=2024-11-23 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-11-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref> interfaith harmony and coexistence<ref name=":0" />
Fakhruddin advocates for a progressive interpretation of Islam that balances traditional values with modern education and scientific advancement. He teaches that the essence of being a Muslim is to follow the middle path<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kL87NZevuA&feature=youtu.be |title=28th Majalis al Hikma {{!}} "What is the Wisdom in Walking the Middle Road?" {{!}} Syedna Fakhruddin TUS |date=2020-09-24 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-11-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref> which is in effect, the 'straight path' towards Allah almighty.

== Mazar-E-Qutbi ==
The [https://www.mazaar-e-qutbi.org/ Mazaar-e-Qutbi] is a religious complex built by Fakhruddin and located in Thane, India, situated near the [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park]]. The centerpiece of the complex is Raudat-un-Noor,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-02 |title=Thane mausoleum opens doors to visitors of all faiths |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/thane-mausoleum-opens-doors-to-visitors-of-all-faiths/articleshow/113000007.cms |access-date=2024-11-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=About Raudat-un-Noor - Mazaar-e-Qutbi |url=https://www.mazaar-e-qutbi.org/about-raudat-un-noor/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> a mausoleum built in honour of Syedna Khuzaima Qutbuddin RA, in which the entire Quran is engraved in gold on its inside marble walls, creating a stunning visual representation of Islamic scripture.

The complex also includes a Community Hall and serves multiple purposes beyond being a place of reverence and prayer. The adjoining Social Welfare Center is open to all, regardless of caste or creed, providing three free meals a day, services such as women's vocational training classes and children's tuition classes.

== Controversy ==
The succession to the position of Dā'ī al-Muṭlaq has been disputed since 2014, leading to a split in the Dawoodi Bohra community. Fakhruddin's claim is challenged by Mufaddal Saifuddin, who is recognized as the leader by a larger portion of the community. The Bombay High Court on 23rd April 2024 dismissed Taher Fakhruddin's lawsuit, directing that Mufaddal Saifuddin is the leader of the Dawoodi Bohra community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2024 |title=No change in Dawoodi Bohra leadership, High Court settles succession dispute | India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/bombay-high-court-to-deliver-verdict-on-landmark-dawoodi-bohra-sucession-case-2530427-2024-04-23.cms |website=India Today}}</ref> Taher Fakhruddin has appealed the judgement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-26 |title='Will continue legal battle over Syedna succession' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/will-continue-legal-battle-over-syedna-succession/articleshow/109604715.cms |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00XJQo5X45s&feature=youtu.be |title=Syedna TUS' message of Himmat after the Bombay High Court Judgement |date=2024-04-23 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-11-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

The Appeal is being heard by a Division Bench of the Bombay High Court. At the time of admitting and expediting the appeal on December 17, 2024, objections were raised by the Respondent that innocent or impressionable members of the Dawoodi Bohra community might be confused by the Appellant’s claims. In response to these objections, the court directed that during the pendency of the appeal, the Appellant must refrain from publicly stating that he is the "54th Dai al-Mutlaq of the Qutbi Bohra Community worldwide". The court also directed and clarified that while specific restrictions applied solely to the Appellant as an individual, the Appellant’s followers and others remain free to express their own views and that certain qualifying wording should be added to the website and social media platforms of the Appellant.<ref>''Taher Fakhruddin Saheb v. Mufaddal Burhanuddin Saifuddin'', Appeal No. 139 of 2024, High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Ordinary Original Civil Jurisdiction, order delivered December 17, 2024. Bombay High Court ''CNR No. HCBM020217942024.''</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=Dec 28, 2024 |title=HC restrains Bohra leader Taher Fakhruddin from presenting himself as 54th Syedna |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/hc-restrains-taher-fakhruddin-from-presenting-himself-as-54th-syedna-101735324163516.html |access-date=Dec 28, 2024 |website=The Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Public engagement ==
Fakhruddin regularly delivers sermons<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-29 |title=Words of Wisdom - A selection of 56 quotes of Syedna Taher Fakhruddin on the occasion of 56th Milad by Fatemi Dawat - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/fatemidawat/docs/words-of-wisdom-56-quotes-syedna-taher-fakhruddin |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-29 |title=Words of Wisdom Vol II by Fatemi Dawat - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/fatemidawat/docs/words_of_wisdom_vol_2 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> and publishes religious texts<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-20 |title=Wisdom of the Prophet Muhammed SA {{!}} Lessons for the Twenty-First Century by Fatemi Dawat - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/fatemidawat/docs/wisdomofprophetmuhammad_website_issuu |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> for his followers. In his regular Majalis al-Hikma<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-12 |title=Today in history: A majlis al-hikma was delivered at the Fatimid palace |url=https://ismailimail.blog/2016/07/12/today-in-history-a-majlis-al-hikma-was-delivered-at-the-fatimid-palace/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=Ismailimail |language=en}}</ref> (Sessions of Wisdom) series, he addresses topical questions and provides contemporary guidance to his community in three languages: English,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Majalis al Hikma Series - English - Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoYKJ1IUTM6peAezs6wWpfyHnAUQv1cbs |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=YouTube |language=en}}</ref> Lisaan ud-Da'wat<ref>{{Cite web |title=Majalis al Hikma - Dawat ni Zabaan - Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoYKJ1IUTM6qnfj_4oAo9w4kUJMHXPx_t |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=YouTube |language=en}}</ref> and Arabic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مجالس الحكمة لسيدنا طاهر فخر الدين ط ع |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoYKJ1IUTM6qCLmFCyhbHeDpiH8KAZ0k5 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=YouTube |language=en}}</ref>

Fakhruddin has also engaged in interfaith dialogue<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xa8EdNEP6b4&feature=youtu.be |title=Glimpses from the Taqreeb Conference 2017 - Ideas of Harmonious Coexistence |date=2018-01-07 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-11-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBPqBH8GE4U&feature=youtu.be |title=Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS Address: World Peace Through Non Violence |date=2018-11-18 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-11-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mwAu4kFjog&feature=youtu.be |title=Syedna Taher Fakhruddin TUS: Visit to Indore - June 2018 |date=2018-07-25 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2024-11-26 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Humrahe Khair 2025 {{!}} Together for Good |url=https://humrahekhair.zahrahasanaat.org/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=humrahekhair.zahrahasanaat.org |language=en}}</ref> and participated in academic discussions<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taqreeb - Propagation of Harmonious Relations in Mughal, British and Independent India - two day seminar at the University of Calcutta, Department of Arabic and Persian |url=http://taqreeb.org/2016-conference/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ideas of Harmonious Coexistence: Religions and Philosophies of India, 27-28 December, 2017 at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India |url=http://taqreeb.org/2017_conference/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |language=en}}</ref> on Islamic history and theology.

Fakhruddin has also travelled to perform Umrah<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfrYhzFMWYY |title=Umrah Safar Mubarak 1446H - Glimpses from Syedna TUS visit to Makkah, Madinah, and Ghadeer-e-Khumm |date=2025-03-14 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2026-02-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref> in 2025 and visited Fatimid Cairo<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmzihn8jhbI |title=Misr Safar Mubarak 1447H - A Historic Visit to Rasul Husain SA and Fatimid Cairo |date=2026-01-24 |last=Fatemi Dawat |access-date=2026-02-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref> in 2026 to perform ziyarat of Ras'ul Hussain.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fakhruddin, Taher}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Dawoodi Bohra da'is]]
[[Category:20th-century Ismailis]]
[[Category:21st-century Ismailis]]

Deepika Padukone

2026-03-15T14:42:21Z

Sergqpm: minor improve section for clarity

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1986)}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{featured article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Deepika Padukone
| image = Deepika Padukone 2025 (1).png
| alt = Deepika Padukone smiling to the left of the camera
| caption = Padukone in 2025
| birth_name = Deepika Prakash Padukone
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1986|1|5}}
| birth_place = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| citizenship = India
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 2005–present
| works = [[Deepika Padukone filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Ranveer Singh]]|2018}}
| children = 1
| father = [[Prakash Padukone]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Deepika Padukone|Full list]]
| website = {{Official URL}}
}}

'''Deepika Prakash Padukone''' ({{IPA|hns|d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳeː|pron}}; born 5 January 1986) is an Indian actress who works predominantly in [[Hindi]] films. [[List of awards and nominations received by Deepika Padukone|Her accolades]] include three [[Filmfare Awards]]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named her one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] in 2018 and awarded her the [[Time100 Impact Awards|Time100 Impact Award]] in 2022.

Padukone, the daughter of the badminton player [[Prakash Padukone]], was born in [[Copenhagen]] and raised in [[Bangalore]]. As a teenager, she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model. She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the [[Kannada film]] ''[[Aishwarya (film)|Aishwarya]]''. Padukone then played a dual role opposite [[Shah Rukh Khan]] in her first Bollywood release, the romance ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' (2007), which won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut]]. Padukone received praise for her starring role in the romance ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' (2009), but this was followed by a brief setback.

The romantic comedy ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]'' (2012) marked a turning point in her career, and she gained further success with starring roles in the romantic comedies ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' and ''[[Chennai Express]]'' (both 2013), the heist comedy ''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]'' (2014), [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'s period dramas ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' (2015) and ''[[Padmaavat]]'' (2018), and the [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] action film ''[[XXX: Return of Xander Cage]]'' (2017). She also received critical acclaim for playing a character based on [[Juliet]] in Bhansali's ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' (2013) and a headstrong daughter in ''[[Piku]]'' (2015), winning two [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Filmfare Awards for Best Actress]]. Following a short hiatus and producing two films under her own company Ka Productions, Padukone took on roles in top-grossing action films, including ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023), [[Fighter (2024 film)|''Fighter'']] and ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'' (both 2024).

Padukone is the founder of [[The Live Love Laugh Foundation]], which creates awareness on mental health in India, for which she received the [[World Economic Forum]]'s Crystal Award in 2018. She also participates in stage shows, has designed her own line of clothing for women, and is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products. Padukone has walked the [[Met Gala]] red carpet in [[Manhattan]] thrice: in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Her other ventures include startup investments and a self-care brand. Padukone is married to her frequent co-star [[Ranveer Singh]], with whom she has a daughter.

== Early life and modelling career ==
Deepika Prakash Padukone was born on 5 January 1986 in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark, to [[Konkani language|Konkani]]-speaking Indian parents.<ref name="bio">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx |title=Biography: Deepika Padukone |access-date=6 August 2013 |date=23 July 2012 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231022055/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx |archive-date=31 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=I don't have an issue marrying an actor: Deepika Padukone |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Deepika-Padukone-Prakash-Padukone-Madhuri-Dixit/articleshow/33391212.cms |author=Gupta, Priya |agency=Times News Network |date=8 April 2014 |access-date=29 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205104254/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Deepika-Padukone-Prakash-Padukone-Madhuri-Dixit/articleshow/33391212.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Baksi |first=Dibyojyoti |title=Shah Rukh Khan made Deepika Padukone learn Tamil |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-made-deepika-padukone-learn-tamil/story-cdrZkwDuAQGCilR51uF7wI.html |access-date=18 August 2013 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=13 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081932/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-made-deepika-padukone-learn-tamil/story-cdrZkwDuAQGCilR51uF7wI.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> Her father, [[Prakash Padukone]], is a former professional badminton player and her mother, Ujjala, is a travel agent.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-182121908.html |title=She's the model of success |work=[[The Star (South Africa)|The Star]] |date=4 August 2008 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610213030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-182121908.html |archive-date=10 June 2014 |via=Highbeam}}</ref> Her younger sister, Anisha, is a golfer.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kaura |first=Neha |title=Deepika's link-ups don't bother us, says sister |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepikas-link-ups-dont-bother-us-says-sister/articleshow/13994578.cms |access-date=2 July 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616173634/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepikas-link-ups-dont-bother-us-says-sister/articleshow/13994578.cms |archive-date=16 June 2012 }}</ref> Her paternal grandfather, Ramesh, was a secretary of the Mysore Badminton Association.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/an-exciting-tournament/article3185184.ece |title=An exciting tournament |newspaper=The Hindu |date=5 January 2006 |access-date=3 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107085559/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/an-exciting-tournament/article3185184.ece |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The family relocated to [[Bangalore]], India when Padukone was a year old.<ref name="toi interview">{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Priya |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ranbir-and-I-are-still-friends-Deepika-Padukone/articleshow/16782698.cms |title=Ranbir and I are still friends: Deepika Padukone |access-date=29 August 2013 |date=13 October 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014233537/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ranbir-and-I-are-still-friends-Deepika-Padukone/articleshow/16782698.cms |archive-date=14 October 2012 }}</ref> She was educated at Bangalore's [[Sophia High School]] and completed her pre-university education at [[Mount Carmel College, Bangalore|Mount Carmel College]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Just How educated are our Bollywood heroines?: Deepika Padukone |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-just-how-educated-are-bollywood-heroines/20120118.htm#3 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=6 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805134000/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-just-how-educated-are-bollywood-heroines/20120118.htm |archive-date=5 August 2013 }}</ref> She subsequently enrolled at the [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] for a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology, but dropped out due to scheduling conflicts with her modelling career.<ref name="toi interview" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Deepika-Padukone-has-not-put-studies-on-back-burner/articleshow/2661901.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Deepika Padukone has not put studies on back-burner |access-date=6 August 2013 |date=30 December 2007 |archive-date=18 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718235820/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Deepika-Padukone-has-not-put-studies-on-back-burner/articleshow/2661901.cms }}</ref>

Padukone has said that she was socially awkward as a child and did not have many friends.<ref name="toi interview" /> The focus of her life was badminton, which she played competitively from a young age. Describing her daily routine in a 2012 interview, Padukone said, "I would wake up at five in the morning, go for physical training, go to school, again go for playing badminton, finish my homework, and go to sleep."<ref name="toi interview" /> Padukone continued to pursue a career in badminton throughout her school years and played the sport in national level championships. She also played baseball in a few state level tournaments.<ref>{{cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Soumyadipta |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-was-a-state-level-baseball-player-deepika-padukone-1349480 |title=I was a state level baseball player: Deepika Padukone |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=3 August 2013 |date=18 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022814/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-was-a-state-level-baseball-player-deepika-padukone-1349480 |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> While concentrating on her education and sporting career, Padukone also worked as a child model, first appearing in a couple of advertising campaigns at the age of eight.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2004/08/11/stories/2004081101100100.htm |title=The long and short of the ramp |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=3 August 2013 |date=11 August 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911085352/https://www.thehindu.com/mp/2004/08/11/stories/2004081101100100.htm |archive-date=11 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the [[Education in India|tenth grade]], she changed focus and decided to become a fashion model. She later explained, "I realised that I was playing the game only because it ran in the family. So, I asked my father if I could give up the game and he wasn't upset at all."<ref name="model">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/613309.cms |title=Smash hit on the ramp |work=The Times of India |first=Asha |last=Chowdary |access-date=3 August 2013 |date=13 April 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025015245/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/613309.cms |archive-date=25 October 2012 }}</ref> In 2004, she began a full-time career as a model under the tutelage of [[Prasad Bidapa]].<ref name="model" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Malani |first=Gaurav |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-not-a-part-of-race/articleshow/10971364.cms |title=Deepika Padukone not a part of race |access-date=3 August 2013 |date=7 December 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107085559/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-not-a-part-of-race/articleshow/10971364.cms |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live }} {{cite news |last=Saran |first=Rhea |title=Venus Rising? |url=http://www.verveonline.com/30/people/verve/venus/excerpt.shtml |access-date=7 August 2013 |work=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018010159/http://verveonline.com/30/people/verve/venus/excerpt.shtml |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref>

Early in her career, Padukone gained recognition with a television commercial for the soap [[Liril]] and modelled for various other brands and products.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gahlaut |first=Kanika |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20040412-prakash-padukone-daughter-deepika-in-new-liril-soap-ad-790676-2004-04-11 |title=Making a splash |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=3 August 2013 |date=12 April 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928143943/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/prakash-padukone-daughter-deepika-in-new-liril-soap-ad/1/196716.html |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Deepika Padukone: Biography |date=3 December 2008 |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Deepika-Padukone.htm |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=7 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906020146/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Deepika-Padukone.htm |archive-date=6 September 2013 }}</ref> In 2005, she made her [[runway (fashion)|runway]] debut at the [[Lakmé Fashion Week]] for designer [[Suneet Varma]] and won Model of the Year at the [[Kingfisher (beer)|Kingfisher]] Fashion Awards.<ref>{{cite web |last=Menon |first=Sita |url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2005/apr/21fwdeep.htm |title=Go white this summer |access-date=3 August 2013 |date=21 April 2005 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928093037/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2005/apr/21fwdeep.htm |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Chowdhury |first=Smita R. |title=Glamour, glitz & grace |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050405/asp/calcutta/story_4572605.asp |access-date=3 August 2013 |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=5 May 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927205701/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050405/asp/calcutta/story_4572605.asp |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> Padukone's fame increased when she appeared in a popular print campaign for the 2006 [[Kingfisher Calendar]];<ref name="meet" /> the designer [[Wendell Rodricks]] commented, "Since [[Aishwarya Rai]], we haven't had a girl as beautiful and fresh."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/young-achievers-deepika-padukone-ms-dhoni-to-rabbi-shergill/1/181846.html |title=Young achievers: Deepika Padukone to Aditya Mittal, MS Dhoni to Rabbi Shergill |work=India Today |access-date=3 August 2013 |date=20 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002174146/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/young-achievers-deepika-padukone-ms-dhoni-to-rabbi-shergill/1/181846.html |archive-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rodricks had spotted her at a Ganjam jewellery class he was teaching and signed her up with the Matrix talent agency.<ref>{{cite book |last=Vasudev |first=Shefalee |title=Powder Room |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzdfsXQEtqoC&pg=PT61 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-297-3 |page=61 |year=2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231234025/http://books.google.com/books?id=DzdfsXQEtqoC&pg=PT61 |archive-date=31 December 2013 }}</ref> At the age of 21, Padukone relocated to [[Mumbai]] and stayed at her aunt's home.<ref name="toi interview" /> In 2006, she gained recognition by featuring in the music video for [[Himesh Reshammiya]]'s song "Naam Hai Tera" for the album ''[[Aap Kaa Surroor (album)|Aap Ka Surroor]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Iyer |first=Meena |title=Deepika Padukone in awe of beauty pageant winners |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-in-awe-of-beauty-pageant-winners/articleshow/10767352.cms |access-date=3 August 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=17 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107085600/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-in-awe-of-beauty-pageant-winners/articleshow/10767352.cms |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Padukone soon began to receive offers for film roles.<ref>{{cite web |title=The hottest heroine in Kannada cinema |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/24sld1.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=24 August 2006 |access-date=6 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928092027/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/24sld1.htm |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> Believing herself to be too inexperienced as an actor, she enrolled for a course at [[Anupam Kher]]'s film academy.<ref>{{cite news |title=On course: Deepika Padukone joins Anupam Kher's Film Academy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20050711-badminton-star-prakash-padukone-daughter-deepika-shifted-to-mumbai-787346-2005-07-10 |work=India Today |date=11 July 2005 |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928143940/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/badminton-star-prakash-padukone-daughter-deepika-shifted-to-mumbai/1/193374.html |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Following much media speculation, the director [[Farah Khan]], who had noticed her in Reshammiya's music video, made the decision to cast her for a role in her upcoming film, then named ''Happy New Year''.<ref name="toi interview" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=13 Years Of Om Shanti Om: Deepika Padukone Gets Nostalgic. Here's What She Did|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/13-years-of-om-shanti-om-deepika-padukone-gets-nostalgic-heres-what-she-did-2322826|access-date=22 August 2021|website=NDTV.com|date=9 November 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120144059/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/13-years-of-om-shanti-om-deepika-padukone-gets-nostalgic-heres-what-she-did-2322826|url-status=live}}</ref> Rodricks also takes credit in helping her get the role. Khan was looking for a model to star in the film, and got in touch with [[Malaika Arora]]. Rodricks, for whom Padukone had been modelling for roughly two years then, recommended her to Arora, a close friend of his, who in turn recommended her to Khan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/malaika-arora-deepika-padukone-om-shanti-om-wendell-rodricks-1039745-2017-09-07|title=Throwback Thursday: Did you know Malaika Arora helped Deepika Padukone bag her first film Om Shanti Om?|date=7 September 2017|website=India Today|access-date=22 May 2019|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012014140/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/malaika-arora-deepika-padukone-om-shanti-om-wendell-rodricks-1039745-2017-09-07|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Acting career ==
{{See also|Deepika Padukone filmography}}

=== Film breakthrough and career struggles (2006–2011) ===
Padukone made her acting debut with ''[[Aishwarya (film)|Aishwarya]]'' (2006), a [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada film]] directed by [[Indrajit Lankesh]].<ref name="meet">{{cite web |author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. G. |title=Meet Deepika Padukone |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/14sd1.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=14 March 2006 |access-date=6 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055752/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/14sd1.htm |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> The romantic comedy was a remake of the [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu film]] ''[[Manmadhudu]]'', and she was cast in the title role opposite the actor [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]]. The film proved to be a commercial success.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=S.S |title=Ramya in a rush |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ramya-in-a-rush/article3230859.ece |access-date=3 August 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107085559/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ramya-in-a-rush/article3230859.ece |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' was appreciative of Padukone's screen presence but added that "she needs to work on her emotional scenes."<ref>{{cite web |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R.G. |title=Deepika's ''Aishwarya'' is a must watch |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/15aish.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=15 September 2006 |access-date=3 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055429/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/15aish.htm |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> By the end of 2006, Farah Khan's ''Happy New Year'' was shelved, and Khan had instead cast Padukone for the [[masala film]] ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' (2007).<ref>{{cite web |title='I was pulling SRK's hair out!' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/10fchat.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=10 December 2007 |access-date=6 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928093128/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/10fchat.htm |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> Set against the backdrop of the [[Bollywood|Hindi film industry]], the film tells the story of a struggling actor who is reincarnated to avenge the death of a film star. [[Shah Rukh Khan]] starred as the lead, and Padukone featured in dual roles of a star in the 1970s, and later, an aspiring actress.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ray |first=Sarit |title=I'm a shy person: Deepika |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Im-a-shy-person-Deepika/articleshow/2509541.cms |access-date=3 August 2013 |date=2 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194317/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-11-02/news-interviews/27986233_1_dream-debut-modelling-deepika-padukone |archive-date=28 September 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> In preparation, Padukone watched several films of actresses [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] and [[Hema Malini]] to study their body language.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thakur |first=Shweta |title=I saw Hema Malini films for '70s look: Deepika |date=17 November 2007 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-saw-hema-malini-films-for-70s-look-deepika/story-mGPqGR1oyShb3ElcJ7qpDO.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=10 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130102931/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-saw-hema-malini-films-for-70s-look-deepika/story-mGPqGR1oyShb3ElcJ7qpDO.html |archive-date=30 January 2016 }}</ref> Her voice was dubbed by the voice artist [[Mona Ghosh Shetty]].<ref name="mona dub">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Why-is-Deepikas-Hindi-in-Kochadaiiyaan-dubbed/articleshow/28313572.cms |title=Why is Deepika's Hindi in Kochadaiiyaan dubbed? |date=2 January 2013 |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105062349/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-03/news-interviews/45834895_1_deepika-padukone-dramatic-prowess-and-zest-kochadaiiyaan |archive-date=5 January 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> For one of the songs in the film, "Dhoom Taana", Padukone drew upon Indian classical dance, and according to [[Dorling Kindersley]], "mesmeriz[ed] audiences" by using ''[[List of mudras (dance)|hasta mudras]]'' (hand gestures).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of Dance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EzKmKyugOjkC&pg=PA113 |date=3 September 2012 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited |isbn=978-1-4093-2237-5 |page=113 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013030643/http://books.google.com/books?id=EzKmKyugOjkC&pg=PA113 |archive-date=13 October 2013 }}</ref> ''Om Shanti Om'' emerged as the [[List of Hindi films of 2007|highest-grossing Hindi film of the year]], with a global revenue of {{INRConvert|1.49|b|lk=r}}.<ref name="top">{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat= |title=Top All Time Worldwide Grossers Updated |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=13 October 2013 |date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105215110/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4409&nCat= |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of the entertainment portal [[Bollywood Hungama]] opined that she had "all it takes to be a top star", and she was awarded with the [[Filmfare Best Female Debut Award]] and received her first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |title=Movie Review: Om Shanti Om |date=7 November 2007 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54373 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=18 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928093643/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54373 |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="heroine">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever-367543-2012-05-01 |title=Top heroines of Bollywood |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=10 May 2013 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928143948/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever/9/7051.html |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bollywood Hungama reported that the success of ''Om Shanti Om'' proved a [[breakthrough role|breakthrough]] for her.<ref name="Tuteja">{{cite web |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |title=Exploring the Box Office journey of Deepika Padukone – Part 1 |date=2 August 2013 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5321 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803190637/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5321 |archive-date=3 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Deepika Padukone at an event.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|alt=Deepika Padukone is sitting on a chair and smiling at the camera|Padukone at a promotional event for ''[[Lafangey Parindey]]'' in 2010]]
Padukone next played one of star [[Ranbir Kapoor]]'s love interests in [[Siddharth Anand]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Bachna Ae Haseeno]]'' (2008). The film was a financial success,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bachna Ae Haseeno scores at box office |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/18box.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=20 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517150653/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/18box.htm |archive-date=17 May 2015 }}</ref> but [[Namrata Joshi]] of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' dismissed her performance as "mannequin-like and utterly lack[ing] fire and zing".<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?238292 |title=Movie Review: Bachna Ae Haseeno |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927152352/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?238292 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her first release of 2009 came alongside [[Akshay Kumar]] in the [[Kung fu film|kung fu]] comedy ''[[Chandni Chowk to China]]'', in which she portrayed dual roles of Indian-Chinese twin sisters. Produced by [[Warner Bros.]], it had one of the widest international releases given to an Indian film.<ref>{{cite news |last=Anderson |first=Jason |title=Chandni Chowk to China: Kung fusion hustle |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2009/01/16/chandni_chowk_to_china_kung_fusion_hustle.html |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=16 January 2009 |access-date=6 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012104208/http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2009/01/16/chandni_chowk_to_china_kung_fusion_hustle.html |archive-date=12 October 2013 }}</ref> Padukone learned [[jujutsu]] and performed her own stunts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deepika's unbelievable stunt! |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/26slid1-deepika-unbelievable-stunt.htm?zcc=rl |work=Rediff.com |date=26 November 2008 |access-date=3 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611083353/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/26slid1-deepika-unbelievable-stunt.htm?zcc=rl |archive-date=11 June 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lalwani |first=Vickeya |title=Yes, I'm dating Ranbir: Deepika |date=15 March 2008 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Yes-Im-dating-Ranbir-Deepika/articleshow/2864457.cms |access-date=3 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012195823/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-15/news-interviews/27772143_1_action-film-deepika-ranbir-yash-raj |archive-date=12 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the hype, ''Chandni Chowk To China'' was a financial failure, failing to recoup its {{INRConvert|800|m}} budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=348&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgV29ybGR3aWRlIEluIFVTICQ= |title=Top Lifetime Grossers Worldwide (US $) |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=11 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602093609/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |archive-date=2 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Amit |last2=Verma Ambwani |first2=Meenakshi |title=Chandni Chowk to China crosses Rs 33 cr at local box office |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-20/news/27650181_1_domestic-box-office-bollywood-film-kinng |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=20 January 2009 |access-date=6 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305091941/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-20/news/27650181_1_domestic-box-office-bollywood-film-kinng |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> She appeared alongside [[Saif Ali Khan]] in the romantic drama ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' from the writer-director [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]. The film documented the changing value of relationships among the youth and had Padukone play the part of Meera Pandit, a head-strong [[career woman]]. With a worldwide gross of {{INRConvert|1.2|b}}, ''Love Aaj Kal'' proved to be the [[List of Hindi films of 2009|third highest-grossing Hindi film of 2009]].<ref name="top" /> Aniruddha Guha of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' said that Padukone "delivers the best of her four performances so far", and she was awarded with another Best Actress nomination at Filmfare.<ref>{{cite news |last=Guha |first=Aniruddha |title=Review: Love Aaj Kal is the perfect date movie |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-love-aaj-kal-is-the-perfect-date-movie-1278796 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=31 July 2009 |access-date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106100802/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-love-aaj-kal-is-the-perfect-date-movie-1278796 |archive-date=6 January 2014 }}</ref><ref name="bollywoodhungama1">{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/725/ |title=Nominations for 55th Idea Filmfare Awards 2009 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180943/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/725/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 }}</ref>

Padukone had five film releases in 2010. In the psychological thriller ''[[Karthik Calling Karthik]]'', she played the supportive girlfriend of a depressed man (played by [[Farhan Akhtar]]). Derek Elley of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' found the film to be "thinly plotted" but considered "the uncomplicated ingenuousness of Padukone" to be the film's highlight.<ref>{{cite news |last=Elley |first=Derek |title=Review: "Karthik Calling Karthik" |url=https://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/karthik-calling-karthik-1117942367/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=8 March 2010 |access-date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605055907/http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/karthik-calling-karthik-1117942367/ |archive-date=5 June 2013 }}</ref> Her most financially profitable film that year was [[Sajid Khan]]'s {{INRConvert|1.15|b}}-grossing comedy film ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]'' in which she featured alongside an [[ensemble cast]] headlined by Akshay Kumar.<ref name="top" /> Critic Raja Sen described the film as a "festival of bad acting" and attributed Padukone's poor performance to her "plasticky expressions".<ref>{{cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |title=Gags that'll make you gag |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-housefull-is-painful/20100430.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=30 April 2010 |access-date=14 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012003148/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-housefull-is-painful/20100430.htm |archive-date=12 October 2013 }}</ref> [[Pradeep Sarkar]]'s drama ''[[Lafangey Parindey]]'' (2010) starred Padukone as a blind girl determined to win a skating competition, for which she observed the interactions of blind people and rehearsed scenes while blindfolded.<ref>{{cite news |title=To play a blind dancer was very challenging: Deepika Padukone |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/to-play-a-blind-dancer-was-very-challenging-deepika-padukone-79102-2010-07-21 |access-date=3 September 2013 |work=India Today |date=22 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227095043/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/to-play-a-blind-dancer-was-very-challenging-deepika-padukone/1/106251.html |archive-date=27 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'s}} Sudhish Kamath was impressed by the "considerable restraint" in her performance.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article600437.ece |title=Lafangey Parindey Movie Review |author=Kamath, Sudhish |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 April 2011 |date=28 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220131856/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article600437.ece |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref> Her next role was opposite [[Imran Khan (film actor)|Imran Khan]] in the romantic comedy ''[[Break Ke Baad]]''. [[CNN-IBN]]'s [[Rajeev Masand]] found the film to be "watchable largely for the performance of its leading lady".<ref>{{cite web |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |title=Masand: Break Ke Baad is an engaging film |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-break-ke-baad-is-an-engaging-film/135956-8-66.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=16 December 2010 |access-date=8 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009233651/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-break-ke-baad-is-an-engaging-film/135956-8-66.html |archive-date=9 October 2013 }}</ref> Padukone's final release of 2010 was [[Ashutosh Gowariker]]'s period film ''[[Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey]]'' opposite [[Abhishek Bachchan]]. Based on the book ''[[Do and Die]]'', the film is a retelling of the 1930 [[Chittagong armoury raid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/first-look-deepika-in-khelein-hum-jee-jaan-sey/20100519.htm |title=First look: Deepika in ''Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey'' |work=Rediff.com |access-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012033209/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/first-look-deepika-in-khelein-hum-jee-jaan-sey/20100519.htm |archive-date=12 October 2013 }}</ref> Bachchan featured as the revolutionary leader [[Surya Sen]] and Padukone played [[Kalpana Dutta]], his confidante.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Roshni |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Working-with-Ashu-sir-is-an-achievement-Deepika/articleshow/7023496.cms |title=Working with Ashu sir is an achievement: Deepika |date=2 December 2010 |access-date=10 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012042232/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-02/news-interviews/28264661_1_period-thriller-deepika-padukone-kalpana-dutta |archive-date=12 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone said that she was unable to research her role as there was very little information on Dutta and relied on Gowarikar's direction.<ref>{{cite web |title='Khelein Hum' no less glamorous than any of my films: Deepika |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/khelein-hum-no-less-glamorous-than-any-of-my-films-deepika_76567.html |publisher=Zee News |date=29 November 2010 |access-date=4 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003203240/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/khelein-hum-no-less-glamorous-than-any-of-my-films-deepika_76567.html |archive-date=3 October 2013 }}</ref> Barring ''Housefull'', none of these films were commercially successful.<ref name="bo2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA== |title=Box Office 2010 |publisher=Box office India |access-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062657/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bad times continue at the box office |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/bad-times-continue-at-the-box-office/20101213.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025121346/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/bad-times-continue-at-the-box-office/20101213.htm |archive-date=25 October 2012 }}</ref>

Padukone began 2011 with an [[item number]] in the film ''[[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|Dum Maaro Dum]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepikas-Dum-Maro-Dum-with-a-twist/articleshow/7423176.cms |title=Deepika's Dum Maro Dum with a twist |access-date=27 April 2011 |date=4 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523184302/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-04/news-interviews/28359126_1_deepika-padukone-lyrics-rohan-sippy |archive-date=23 May 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> She referred to it as "the wildest song any actress has done"; the song's sexual content attracted controversy including a court case for indecency.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sahgal |first=Geety |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/its-the-wildest-song-any-actress-has-done-deepika/777015/ |title=It's the wildest song any actress has done: Deepika |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=27 April 2011 |date=16 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222155407/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/its-the-wildest-song-any-actress-has-done-deepika/777015/ |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/case-against-dum-maaro-dum-for-indecency-news-national-leswuobjjgf.html |title=Case against 'Dum Maaro Dum' for indecency |work=The Indian Express |access-date=27 April 2011 |date=18 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419180348/http://www.sify.com/movies/case-against-dum-maaro-dum-for-indecency-news-national-leswuobjjgf.html |archive-date=19 April 2011 }}</ref> Her next film was [[Prakash Jha]]'s socio-political drama ''[[Aarakshan]]'', which dealt with [[Reservation in India|caste-based reservations in India]]. Trade journalists had high expectations for the film which ultimately flopped at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |title=Will Aarakshan draw in the crowds? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/will-aarakshan-draw-in-the-crowds/20110801.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203184214/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/will-aarakshan-draw-in-the-crowds/20110801.htm |archive-date=3 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=It's raining flops at the box office |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/raining-flops-at-box-office/20110919.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429131112/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/raining-flops-at-box-office/20110919.htm |archive-date=29 April 2012 }}</ref> Critical reaction was largely negative, though [[Pratim D. Gupta]] mentioned Padukone as the most "refreshing thing" about it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aarakshan loses plot after second half |date=12 August 2011 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/aarakshan-loses-plot-after-second-half/story-MxH4SLWdr8jzU3Jr2lUFUP.html |access-date=13 August 2012 |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203133341/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/aarakshan-loses-plot-after-second-half/story-MxH4SLWdr8jzU3Jr2lUFUP.html |archive-date=3 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Gupta, Pratim D. |title=Aarakshan – Film Review |date=13 August 2011 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110813/jsp/entertainment/story_14372488.jsp |access-date=13 August 2012 |work=The Telegraph |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175641/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110813/jsp/entertainment/story_14372488.jsp |archive-date=2 November 2012 }}</ref> Her final appearance that year was in the comedy ''[[Desi Boyz]]'' alongside Kumar and [[John Abraham]], a role that failed to propel her career forward.<ref>{{cite web |title=Review: Desi Boyz |work=NDTVMovies.com |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/review-desi-boyz-676 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=12 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917011435/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/review-desi-boyz-676 |archive-date=17 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |title=Exploring the Box Office journey of Deepika Padukone – Part III |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5360 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=12 August 2013 |access-date=12 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814144827/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5360 |archive-date=14 August 2013 }}</ref> The series of poorly received films led critics to perceive that Padukone had "[lost] her sparkle."<ref name="making of deepika">{{cite news |last=Pal |first=Chandrima |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/The-making-of-Deepika-Padukone/articleshow/20614404.cms |title=The making of Deepika Padukone |access-date=27 July 2013 |date=17 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627020227/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-17/news-interviews/40009313_1_deepika-padukone-cocktail-and-deepika-imtiaz-ali |archive-date=27 June 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Established actress (2012–2016) ===
Padukone has said that her starring role in the 2012 [[Homi Adajania]]-directed romantic comedy ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]'' marked a turning point in her career.<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Harneet |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/deepika-padukone-ranbir-kapoor-excites-me-as-an-actor-costar/1126038/0 |title=Deepika Padukone: Ranbir Kapoor excites me as an actor, co-star |work=The Indian Express |date=7 June 2013 |access-date=10 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222152538/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/deepika-padukone-ranbir-kapoor-excites-me-as-an-actor-costar/1126038/0 |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> Raja Sen opined that she had successfully proved to be a "stunning girl who can also act."<ref name="report card 2012">{{cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-hows-these-bollywood-actresses-fared-in-2012/20130102.htm#3 |title=Report Card, 2012: How Kat, Kareena, Deepika performed |access-date=27 July 2013 |date=2 January 2013 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508185019/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-hows-these-bollywood-actresses-fared-in-2012/20130102.htm |archive-date=8 May 2013 }}</ref> Set in London, ''Cocktail'' tells the story of a man's relationship with two temperamentally different women{{mdash}}an impulsive party girl (Veronica, played by Padukone) and a submissive [[girl next door]] (Meera, played by [[Diana Penty]]). During the script narration, the producer Dinesh Vijan offered Padukone the choice of which woman to play; she decided on Veronica to expand her horizons as an actress.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/veronica-is-no-meera-deepika-padukone/story-QfD3KilX3eevBOtuKJkznO.html |title=Veronica is no Meera: Deepika |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 May 2012 |access-date=10 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808003227/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/veronica-is-no-meera-deepika-padukone/story-QfD3KilX3eevBOtuKJkznO.html |archive-date=8 August 2016 }}</ref> Portraying the role was a creative and physical challenge for her, and to achieve the physical requirements of her character she exercised extensively and followed a rigorous diet.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/playing-veronica-in-cocktail-was-challenging-deepika-padukone/970790/0 |title=Playing Veronica in 'Cocktail' was challenging: Deepika Padukone |work=The Indian Express |date=5 May 2012 |access-date=10 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130811102927/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/playing-veronica-in-cocktail-was-challenging-deepika-padukone/970790/0 |archive-date=11 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/cocktail-deepika-padukone-daina-penty-saif-ali-khan-108960-2012-07-10 |title=Was conscious about my look in Cocktail: Deepika |work=India Today |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061446/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cocktail-deepika-padukone-daina-penty-saif-ali-khan/1/207582.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Critics were divided in their opinion of the film, but particularly praised Padukone's performance;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/critics-verdict-cocktail-works-but-in-bits/story-cFNQiVGyPXFUTKmsSUSBEN.html |title=Critics verdict: Cocktail works, but in bits |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 July 2013 |access-date=7 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122353/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/critics-verdict-cocktail-works-but-in-bits/story-cFNQiVGyPXFUTKmsSUSBEN.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' credited her as the "soul of the film" and wrote that she "excels in every scene, whether as a material girl who enjoys sex, drugs and rock and roll or as the jealousy ridden girl out to destroy herself."<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |title=Movie Review: Cocktail |url=http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-cocktail-840.html |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=13 May 2012 |access-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002175358/http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-cocktail-840.html |archive-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Cocktail'' earned Padukone Best Actress nominations at several award ceremonies, including Filmfare, [[Screen Awards|Screen]], and [[IIFA Awards|IIFA]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/1856 |title=Deepika Padukone – Awards |access-date=5 September 2013 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060538/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/awards/id/1856 |archive-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The film also proved to be a box office success.<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office Earnings 10/08/12 – 16/08/12 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=9 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825191030/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings |archive-date=25 August 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Ranveer-Deepika at Ram Leela screening.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|alt=Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone smiling for the camera|Padukone and [[Ranveer Singh]] at an event for ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' in 2013. She was awarded her first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] for her performance in the film.]]

The year 2013 was key for Padukone, as she starred in four of the [[List of Hindi films of 2013|top-grossing Hindi films of the year]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone races to the top as top actress in Bollywood |last=Tanwar |first=Sarita |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-races-to-the-top-as-top-actress-in-bollywood-1858364 |access-date=8 July 2013 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |date=10 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220024053/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-races-to-the-top-as-top-actress-in-bollywood-1858364 |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref><ref name="top2">{{cite news |last=Goyal |first=Divya |title=Deepika Padukone lucky fourth time with 'Ram-Leela' |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/deepika-padukone-lucky-fourth-time-with-ramleela/1196368/ |access-date=4 December 2013 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=18 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222152120/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/deepika-padukone-lucky-fourth-time-with-ramleela/1196368/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> She reunited with Saif Ali Khan in [[Abbas–Mustan]]'s ''[[Race 2]]'', an ensemble action thriller that served as a sequel to ''[[Race (2008 film)|Race]]'' (2008). The film received predominantly negative reviews,<ref>{{cite news |title=Critics report: Race 2 not worth it |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/critics-report-race-2-not-worth-it/story-QhSKezAX1YGfNcpJEyKCTJ.html |access-date=9 March 2013 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=25 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081019/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/critics-report-race-2-not-worth-it/story-QhSKezAX1YGfNcpJEyKCTJ.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> but grossed a successful total of {{INRConvert|1.62|b}}.<ref name="worldwide10">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6308&nCat= |title=Worldwide Top Ten 2013 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=12 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104212753/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6308&nCat= |archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="cloud9">{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone on cloud 9, Chennai Express, Ram-Leela, Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani, Race 2 big hits of 2013 |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/happy-birthday-deepika-padukone-on-cloud-9-chennai-express-ramleela-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-race-2-big-hits-of-2013/1215689?rhheader |access-date=26 January 2014 |newspaper=The Financial Express |date=5 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194525/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/happy-birthday-deepika-padukone-on-cloud-9-chennai-express-ramleela-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-race-2-big-hits-of-2013/1215689?rhheader |archive-date=1 February 2014 }}</ref> [[Ayan Mukerji]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' paired her opposite Ranbir Kapoor. She was cast as Naina Talwar, a "shy wallflower", which marked a departure from the glamorous characters that she had a reputation for portraying.<ref name="party girl">{{cite news |last=KBR |first=Upala |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-party-girl-deepika-padukone-gets-serious-1819664 |title=Party girl Deepika Padukone gets serious |access-date=17 August 2013 |date=7 April 2013 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014003716/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-party-girl-deepika-padukone-gets-serious-1819664 |archive-date=14 October 2014 }}</ref> Raja Sen termed it "her most self-aware performance" adding that she "acts within herself and eschews exaggeration, and the results are impressive".<ref>{{cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |title=Review: Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani disappoints |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-disappoints/20130531.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=31 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606072818/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-disappoints/20130531.htm |archive-date=6 June 2013 }}</ref> The pairing of Padukone with her former boyfriend was highly anticipated,<ref>{{cite news |title=Younger generation should learn from Ranbir & Deepika: Ayan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Younger-generation-should-learn-from-Ranbir-Deepika-Ayan/articleshow/20363799.cms |author=Risbood, Vaibhavi |date=1 June 2013 |access-date=12 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618173542/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-01/news-interviews/39674323_1_ayan-mukerji-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-deepika-padukone |archive-date=18 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> and the film emerged as a major commercial success.<ref name="worldwide10" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani is Ranbir Kapoor, Deepika Padukone's biggest hit |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-is-ranbir-kapoor-deepika-padukone-s-biggest-hit/1127672/ |access-date=1 July 2013 |work=The Indian Express |date=1 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222152212/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-is-ranbir-kapoor-deepika-padukone-s-biggest-hit/1127672/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> Her next appearance was opposite Shah Rukh Khan in [[Rohit Shetty]]'s action comedy film ''[[Chennai Express]]'', as a [[Tamil people|Tamil girl]] on the run from her father (a local [[crime boss|don]]), which required that she adopt a Tamil accent. Critical opinion on her accent was mixed,<ref>{{cite news |title=Not spoofing South India in Chennai Express: Deepika Padukone |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/not-spoofing-south-india-in-chennai-express-says-deepika-padukone-173032-2013-08-05 |access-date=13 August 2013 |work=India Today |date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924193309/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/not-spoofing-south-india-in-chennai-express-says-deepika-padukone/1/298317.html |archive-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> but her performance received praise;<ref name="high">{{cite news |last=Uniyal |first=Parmita |title=Deepika Padukone rides on a high graph express |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-gets-critical-acclaim-rides-on-a-high-graph-express/article1-1107578.aspx |access-date=13 August 2013 |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101105157/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-gets-critical-acclaim-rides-on-a-high-graph-express/article1-1107578.aspx |archive-date=1 January 2014 }}</ref> film critic Aseem Chhabra wrote, "Padukone is delightful in the film{{mdash}}beautiful, smiling, and often a lot more playful and funny than Khan."<ref>{{cite web |last=Chhabra |first=Aseem |title=Aseem Chhabra's Chennai Express Review: Mindless but entertaining |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/aseem-chhabras-chennai-express-review-mindless-but-entertaining/20130809.htm |publisher=Rediff |date=9 August 2013 |access-date=10 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811184158/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/aseem-chhabras-chennai-express-review-mindless-but-entertaining/20130809.htm |archive-date=11 August 2013 }}</ref> ''Chennai Express'' earned over {{INRConvert|3.95|b}} to emerge as one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films]].<ref name="box office">{{cite web |title=Top Worldwide Grossers All Time |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107113404/http://boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=5 February 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Padukone next played opposite [[Ranveer Singh]] in ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'', an adaptation of the [[Shakespearean tragedy]] of ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' from director [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]. Her role was Leela, a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati girl]] based on the character of [[Juliet]].<ref>{{cite news |title=First look Ram Leela: Meet Romeo Ranveer and Juliet Deepika |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/first-poster-of-ram-leela-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-152392-2013-01-23 |work=India Today |access-date=16 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927180924/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/first-poster-of-ram-leela-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone/1/247370.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Initially titled ''Ram-Leela'', the film's title was changed after a court case was registered against Bhansali, Padukone, and Singh for "offending the religious sentiments" of the Hindu community by showcasing sex and violence under a title that referred to the life of [[Rama]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sura |first=Ajay |title=Controversy over 'Ram Leela': HC stays arrest of Bhansali, Ranveer and Deepika |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Controversy-over-Ram-Leela-HC-stays-arrest-of-Bhansali-Ranveer-and-Deepika/articleshow/25772700.cms |access-date=16 November 2013 |date=14 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117095053/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-14/india/44073111_1_ram-leela-ranveer-singh-delhi-high-court |archive-date=17 November 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> The film released among protests, but was generally well received by critics.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ram-Leela faces protest in several states |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ram-leela-faces-protest-in-several-states-1919790 |access-date=16 November 2013 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |date=15 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118080509/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ram-leela-faces-protest-in-several-states-1919790 |archive-date=18 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Uniyal |first=Parmita |title=Movie review: Bhansali's Ram-leela is his best ever, say critics |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/movie-review-bhansali-s-ram-leela-is-his-best-ever-say-critics/story-cdj9US9WMi2M58gcg56YNI.html |access-date=15 November 2013 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=15 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070929/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/movie-review-bhansali-s-ram-leela-is-his-best-ever-say-critics/story-cdj9US9WMi2M58gcg56YNI.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> Meena Iyer of ''The Times of India'' mentioned Padukone as "breathtaking", and [[Khalid Mohamed]] concluded that "it's Deepika Padukone whom the film belongs to. Looking drop dead gorgeous and going at her part with a wallop, she's the prime asset of ''Ram-Leela''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Iyer |first=Meena |title=Ram-Leela |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Ram-Leela/movie-review/25770699.cms |access-date=15 November 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=14 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115000038/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/ram-leela/movie-review/25770699.cms |archive-date=15 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |title='Ram-Leela' Review: The good, the bard and the beautiful |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131115/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/ram-leela-review-good-bard-and-beautiful |access-date=16 November 2013 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=16 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116102722/http://deccanchronicle.com/131115/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/ram-leela-review-good-bard-and-beautiful |archive-date=16 November 2013 }}</ref> Her performances in ''Chennai Express'' and ''Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela'' won her several awards,<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika is toast of this award season |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/deepika-padukone-is-toast-of-this-award-season-181272-2014-02-16 |access-date=16 February 2014 |work=India Today |date=17 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216064856/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/deepika-padukone-is-toast-of-this-award-season/1/343781.html |archive-date=16 February 2014 }}</ref> including the [[Screen Award for Best Actress]] for both films and the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for the latter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Winners of 20th Annual Life OK Screen Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6026 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=14 January 2014 |access-date=17 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116181505/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6026 |archive-date=16 January 2014 }}</ref><ref name="ff13">{{cite web |title=Filmfare Awards 2014: Deepika Padukone wins Best Actress award, Farhan Akhtar Best Actor |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/filmfare-awards-2014-deepika-padukone-wins-best-actress-award-farhan-akhtar-best-actor/447639-8-66.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=25 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125110704/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/filmfare-awards-2014-deepika-padukone-wins-best-actress-award-farhan-akhtar-best-actor/447639-8-66.html |archive-date=25 January 2014 }}</ref>

In 2014, Padukone featured opposite [[Rajinikanth]] in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'', a period drama shot using [[motion capture]] technology.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/kochadaiiyaan-released-nationwide-rajinikanth-turns-movemaking-pioneer-in-india/1253639 |title='Kochadaiiyaan' released nationwide, Rajinikanth turns moviemaking pioneer in India |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=23 March 2014 |agency=Press Trust of India |access-date=23 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230850/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/kochadaiiyaan-released-nationwide-rajinikanth-turns-movemaking-pioneer-in-india/1253639 |archive-date=23 May 2014 }}</ref> She was paid {{INRConvert|30|m}} for two days of work in it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/deepika-padukone-films-rajinikanth-s-kochadaiiyaan-for-two-days-only_143262.html |title=Deepika Padukone shoots Rajinikanth's 'Kochadaiiyaan' for two days only! |publisher=Zee News |date=23 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926173744/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/deepika-padukone-films-rajinikanth-s-kochadaiiyaan-for-two-days-only_143262.html |archive-date=26 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-gets-3-cr-for-2-day-shoot-in-Rajnis-film/articleshow/22508894.cms |title=Deepika gets 3 cr for 2-day shoot in Rajni's film? |work=The Times of India |date=12 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912235545/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-gets-3-cr-for-2-day-shoot-in-Rajnis-film/articleshow/22508894.cms |archive-date=12 September 2013 }}</ref> In Homi Adajania's satire ''[[Finding Fanny]]'', Padukone played a young widow on a road trip with her dysfunctional friends. The film was screened at the [[19th Busan International Film Festival]];<ref>{{cite news |last=Vyavahare |first=Renuka |title=Finding Fanny selected for Busan Film Festival |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Finding-Fanny-selected-for-Busan-Film-Festival/articleshow/41878021.cms |access-date=12 September 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=6 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909044509/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Finding-Fanny-selected-for-Busan-Film-Festival/articleshow/41878021.cms |archive-date=9 September 2014 }}</ref> critic Anuj Kumar of ''The Hindu'' wrote that Padukone successfully "takes off the fineries of Bollywood and you can sense the freedom from baggage in her performance".<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |title=Finding fanny: Lost and found |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/finding-fanny-review/article6404665.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=29 November 2014 |date=12 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205215445/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/finding-fanny-review/article6404665.ece |archive-date=5 December 2014 }}</ref> Later that year, she starred opposite Shah Rukh Khan for the third time in Farah Khan's renewal of ''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]''. She played a bar dancer who trains a group of underachievers for a dance competition. Sanjukta Sharma of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' found her glamorous role to be of minimal importance, but the film became one of her most successful, earning over {{INRConvert|3.4|b}} worldwide.<ref name="box office" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Sanjukta |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/RbQFYNOCmIXFirlKS1t0kI/Film-Review--Happy-New-Year.html |title=Film Review Happy New Year |date=4 September 2013 |access-date=24 October 2014 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024170656/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/RbQFYNOCmIXFirlKS1t0kI/Film-Review--Happy-New-Year.html |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> Padukone later remarked that production on the film was difficult for her as she suffered from depression and anxiety.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika: Was struggling with depression during Happy New Year shooting |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/deepika-padukone-happy-new-year-depression-236019-2015-01-16 |work=India Today |access-date=19 January 2023 |date=16 January 2015 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119075053/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/deepika-padukone-happy-new-year-depression-236019-2015-01-16 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Deepika Padukone promoting Bajirao Mastani (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|alt=A headshot shot of Deepika Padukone|Padukone at an event for ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' in 2015]]

Following an appearance in Homi Adajania's online video on [[Feminism in India|feminism]], entitled ''[[My Choice (film)|My Choice]]'',<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone: Bollywood actress urges women to own their 'choice' over marriage, sex and sexuality |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/deepika-padukone-bollywood-actress-urges-women-to-own-their-choice-over-marriage-sex-and-sexuality-10145843.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=31 March 2015 |access-date=1 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331183715/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/deepika-padukone-bollywood-actress-urges-women-to-own-their-choice-over-marriage-sex-and-sexuality-10145843.html |archive-date=31 March 2015 }}</ref> Padukone took on the role of a headstrong [[Bengali people|Bengali]] girl who cares for her hypochondriac father (played by Amitabh Bachchan), in [[Shoojit Sircar]]'s comedy-drama ''[[Piku]]'' (2015). She was drawn to the depiction of a realistic father-daughter bond, which she thought was rare in Hindi cinema.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ratnam |first=Dhamini |title=Objectifying me, that is not done: Deepika Padukone |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/RTO8DjZIpBz7W6gFJIaTsN/Objectifying-me-that-is-not-done-Deepika-Padukone.html |work=Mint |date=27 December 2014 |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref> Tanmaya Nanda of ''[[Business Standard]]'' praised the film's feminist tone, and wrote that Padukone proves "what she is capable of when given something more to do than look pretty and be the crazy-dance girl at parties".<ref>{{cite news |last=Nanda |first=Tanmaya |title=Film Review: Piku is a delightfully brilliant film |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/film-review-piku-is-a-quietly-brilliant-film-115050800287_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=8 May 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509232711/http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/film-review-piku-is-a-quietly-brilliant-film-115050800287_1.html |archive-date=9 May 2016 }}</ref> NDTV's Saibal Chatterjee opined that she "holds ''Piku'' together with a restrained star turn".<ref>{{cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |title=Piku Movie Review |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/piku-movie-review-1124 |publisher=NDTV |date=8 May 2015 |access-date=10 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510190128/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/piku-movie-review-1124 |archive-date=10 May 2015 }}</ref> With a worldwide gross of over {{INRConvert|1.40|b}}, ''Piku'' was a box office hit, and garnered Padukone several awards, including second Best Actress awards at Filmfare and Screen.<ref name="filmfare16">{{cite news |title=Victory dance for Team 'Bajirao Mastani' at the Filmfare Awards |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Victory-dance-for-Team-Bajirao-Mastani-at-the-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/50604444.cms |access-date=24 January 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=17 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183819/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Victory-dance-for-Team-Bajirao-Mastani-at-the-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/50604444.cms |archive-date=21 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Raya |title=Screen Awards 2016: Complete List of Winners |work=NDTVMovies.com |date=9 January 2016 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/screen-awards-2016-complete-list-of-winners-1263815 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=9 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110051251/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/screen-awards-2016-complete-list-of-winners-1263815 |archive-date=10 January 2016 }}</ref>

Later in 2015, Padukone played a vulnerable young woman in love with a psychologically troubled man (played by Ranbir Kapoor) in Imtiaz Ali's romantic drama ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]''. [[Sukanya Verma]] named her performance as the best by an actress that year, writing that she "is so potent in ''Tamasha'', it's almost as if you can hear her heartbeat across the screen".<ref>{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Sukanya Verma's Best Actresses of 2015 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/sukanya-vermas-best-actresses-of-2015/20151224.htm |date=24 December 2015 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=24 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123175703/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/sukanya-vermas-best-actresses-of-2015/20151224.htm |archive-date=23 January 2016 }}</ref> Reacting to the film's commercial failure, Padukone said that she did not measure success with box-office numbers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khuranaa |first=Amann |title=Deepika Padukone reacts to Tamasha's box-office failure |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Deepika-Padukone-reacts-to-Tamashas-box-office-failure/articleshow/50186402.cms |access-date=24 January 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=15 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218163236/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Deepika-Padukone-reacts-to-Tamashas-box-office-failure/articleshow/50186402.cms |archive-date=18 December 2015 }}</ref> She reunited with Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Ranveer Singh in ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'', a historical drama about a tragic extramarital affair. Singh was cast as the [[maratha]] general [[Bajirao I]], while [[Priyanka Chopra]] and Padukone featured as his first and second wife, respectively. To play the warrior-princess [[Mastani]], Padukone learnt sword-fighting, horse-riding, and the martial art form of [[kalaripayattu]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Awaasthi |first=Kavita |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-to-learn-sword-fighting-for-bajirao-mastani/story-KUjvxij1mi4pBQyOLkzWrM.html |title=Deepika Padukone to learn sword-fighting for Bajirao Mastani |work=Hindutan Times |date=23 January 2015 |access-date=19 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222163238/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-to-learn-sword-fighting-for-bajirao-mastani/story-KUjvxij1mi4pBQyOLkzWrM.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref> With a revenue of over {{INRConvert|3.5|b}}, ''Bajirao Mastani'' proved to be the [[List of Hindi films of 2015|fourth highest-grossing Bollywood film of the year]].<ref name="box office" /> [[Anupama Chopra]] found Padukone "riveting", but Subhash K. Jha thought that she was "way too subtle and silken, and not steely enough".<ref>{{cite news |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |title=Bajirao Mastani review by Anupama Chopra: Soaring, searing, sumptuous |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/bajirao-mastani-review-by-anupama-chopra-soaring-searing-sumptuous/story-gZmskukJnTmbRtcS15D3XK.html |access-date=24 January 2016 |work=Hindustan Times |date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116085552/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/bajirao-mastani-review-by-anupama-chopra-soaring-searing-sumptuous/story-gZmskukJnTmbRtcS15D3XK.html |archive-date=16 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=Subhash K Jha speaks about Bajirao Mastani |date=19 December 2015 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9439 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=24 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119175354/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9439 |archive-date=19 January 2016 }}</ref> At the [[61st Filmfare Awards]], ''Bajirao Mastani'' was named [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and Padukone received her second Best Actress nomination in that year.<ref name="filmfare16" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |access-date=24 January 2016 |work=Filmfare |date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413161505/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref>

=== Professional expansion and fluctuations (2017–2022) ===
The action film ''[[XXX: Return of Xander Cage]]'' (2017), in which Padukone played the leading lady opposite [[Vin Diesel]], marked her first project in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |title=Deepika Padukone Wraps xXx 3 Shoot and in Such Style |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/hollywood/deepika-padukone-wraps-xxx-3-shoot-and-in-such-style-1405905 |publisher=NDTV |date=13 May 2016 |access-date=14 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513123136/http://movies.ndtv.com/hollywood/deepika-padukone-wraps-xxx-3-shoot-and-in-such-style-1405905 |archive-date=13 May 2016 }}</ref> ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''{{'s}} Tirdad Derakhshani dismissed the film as "abysmal" and thought that Padukone's talent was wasted in it, but Frank Scheck of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' believed that she "practically steals the film".<ref>{{cite news |last=Derakhshani |first=Tirdad |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/movies/Vin-Diesels-xXx.html |title=Vin Diesel's 'xXx: Return of Xander Cage': Abysmal, unwatchable, embarrassing |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=20 January 2017 |access-date=20 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123172631/http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/movies/Vin-Diesels-xXx.html |archive-date=23 January 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Scheck |first=Frank |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/xxx-return-xander-review-965998 |title='xXx: Return of Xander Cage': Film Review |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=19 January 2017 |access-date=20 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120024920/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/xxx-return-xander-review-965998 |archive-date=20 January 2017 }}</ref> The film earned over US$345 million worldwide, a majority of which came from the Chinese box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=xxx3.htm |title=xXx: Return of Xander Cage |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=8 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329021315/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=xxx3.htm |archive-date=29 March 2017 }}</ref> Padukone received three nominations at the [[Teen Choice Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.teenvogue.com/story/teen-choice-awards-2017-nominees |title=Teen Choice Awards 2017: See the First Wave of Nominations |last=Ceron |first=Ella |work=[[Teen Vogue]] |date=19 June 2017 |access-date=20 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620033702/http://www.teenvogue.com/story/teen-choice-awards-2017-nominees |archive-date=20 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Shcherbakova |first=Lisa |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7865210/teen-choice-awards-2017-nominations-second-wave |title=Selena Gomez Leads Second Wave of Teen Choice Awards 2017 Nominations |magazine=Billboard |date=12 July 2017|access-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714060829/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7865210/teen-choice-awards-2017-nominations-second-wave |archive-date=14 July 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Deepika Padukone at Chhapaak premiere.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Padukone at the premiere of ''[[Chhapaak]]'' (2020), which marked her first production venture]]

In 2018, Padukone portrayed [[Rani Padmini|Rani Padmavati]], a [[Rajput]] queen who commits ''[[jauhar]]'' (self-immolation) to protect herself from the [[Muslim]] invader [[Alauddin Khalji|Alauddin Khilji]], in the period drama ''[[Padmaavat]]''; it marked her third collaboration with Bhansali and Singh.<ref>{{cite news |title=It's official! Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Padmavati to release in 2017 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/its-official-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-padmavati-to-release-in-2017_-16000.html |work=Filmfare |date=10 October 2016 |access-date=10 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140218/http://www.filmfare.com/news/its-official-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-padmavati-to-release-in-2017_-16000.html |archive-date=11 October 2016 }}</ref> She was challenged by the need to convey her character's courage through silence, and was emotionally exhausted by the experience.<ref name="filmfare17">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Raghuvendra |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/the-empress-strikes-back-25241.html |title=Deepika Padukone chats with Filmfare about Padmavati, Ranveer Singh & more in her exclusive interview |date=24 November 2017 |work=Filmfare |access-date=25 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125193654/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/the-empress-strikes-back-25241.html |archive-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> She read history books on the era and researched the various depictions of Padmavati.<ref name="filmfare17" /> [[Saffron terror|Right-wing Hindu groups]] speculated that the film portrayed a romantic liaison between Padmavati and Khilji; they protested violently and placed a bounty to behead Padukone and Bhansali.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ray |first=Saptarshi |title=Bounty placed on Bollywood actress' head after Hindu-Muslim film outrage |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/17/bounty-placed-bollywood-actress-head-hindu-muslim-film-outrage/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=2 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118052745/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/17/bounty-placed-bollywood-actress-head-hindu-muslim-film-outrage/ |archive-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> Following a deferment, the film was cleared for release after several modifications were made to it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padmavati release deferred after protests, Sanjay Leela Bhansali film not to come out on Dec 1 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-release-postponed-not-to-come-out-on-december-1/story-AAMT5dPtRloBAmSdqR4NRL.html |access-date=19 November 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119113357/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-release-postponed-not-to-come-out-on-december-1/story-AAMT5dPtRloBAmSdqR4NRL.html |archive-date=19 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/film-padmavati-to-get-ua-certificate-title-may-be-changed-to-padmavat-1793855 |title=Censor Board Wants "Padmavati" Renamed "Padmavat", 5 Changes To Film |publisher=NDTV |date=30 December 2017 |access-date=30 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230133652/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/film-padmavati-to-get-ua-certificate-title-may-be-changed-to-padmavat-1793855 |archive-date=30 December 2017}}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' criticised the film's glorification of ''jauhar'', but credited Padukone for managing to "eke something out of the stereotype-ridden writing".<ref>{{cite web |last=Vetticad |first=Anna MM |title=Padmaavat movie review: Bhansali couches regressive, opportunistic messaging in exhausting visual splendour |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmaavat-padmavati-padmavat-movie-review-bhansali-couches-regressive-opportunistic-messaging-in-exhausting-visual-splendour-4317153.html |website=[[Firstpost]] |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=24 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124090649/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padmaavat-padmavati-padmavat-movie-review-bhansali-couches-regressive-opportunistic-messaging-in-exhausting-visual-splendour-4317153.html |archive-date=24 January 2018}}</ref> With a then-[[List of most expensive Indian films#Hindi|record budget]] of {{INRConvert|2|b}}, ''Padmaavat'' had earnings of {{INRConvert|5.45|b}} to emerge as one of Indian cinema's biggest grossers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3469 |title=Padmavati Being Aimed for a February Release |publisher=Box Office India |date=8 December 2017 |access-date=8 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208231459/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3469 |archive-date=8 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3881 |title=Worldwide Alltime : Padmaavat 7th – Baaghi 2 22nd |access-date=26 April 2018 |date=26 April 2018 |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213042/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3881 |archive-date=26 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> She received another Best Actress nomination at Filmfare.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |title=Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019 |work=Filmfare |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316052927/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |archive-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following ''Padmaavat'', Padukone took some time off work to focus on her home and family.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chaurasia |first=Ankita |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-karan-johar-was-only-joking-when-he-said-ill-make-a-good-producer/articleshow/72985903.cms |title=Deepika Padukone: Karan Johar was only joking when he said I'll make a good producer |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=27 December 2019 |access-date=9 January 2020 |archive-date=29 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229121808/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-karan-johar-was-only-joking-when-he-said-ill-make-a-good-producer/articleshow/72985903.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, she formed her own company, named Ka Productions.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Roshmila |author-link=Roshmila Bhattacharya |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-turns-producer-for-meghna-gulzars-next-directorial/articleshow/66077252.cms |title=Deepika Padukone turns producer for Meghna Gulzar's next directorial |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=5 October 2018 |access-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005052344/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-turns-producer-for-meghna-gulzars-next-directorial/articleshow/66077252.cms |archive-date=5 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The company's first release was ''[[Chhapaak]]'' (2020), a drama by [[Meghna Gulzar]], in which Padukone starred as an [[acid attack]] survivor (based on [[Laxmi Agarwal]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/deepikas-next-chhapaak-is-a-story-of-undying-human-spirit/articleshow/68549587.cms|title=Deepika's next 'Chhapaak' is a story of undying human spirit|newspaper=The Times Of India|date=25 March 2019|access-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325025119/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/deepikas-next-chhapaak-is-a-story-of-undying-human-spirit/articleshow/68549587.cms|archive-date=25 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> She found it taxing to film in extreme heat wearing prosthetic makeup on her face, and considered it to be the most physically challenging role of her career.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |url=https://scroll.in/reel/948467/deepika-padukone-on-chhapaak-this-was-my-most-physically-challenging-film |title=Deepika Padukone on 'Chhapaak': 'This was my most physically challenging film' |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=4 January 2020 |access-date=5 January 2020 |archive-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104182937/https://scroll.in/reel/948467/deepika-padukone-on-chhapaak-this-was-my-most-physically-challenging-film |url-status=live }}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' was appreciative of Padukone for "not just putting the focus on the ravaged-skin [...] but reflecting a mix of pain, anger, resignation" and Teo Bugbee of ''[[The New York Times]]'' found her "by turns inquisitive, watchful and serene but never maudlin".<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/chhapaak-movie-review-rating-deepika-padukone-6207416/ |title=Chhapaak movie review: Deepika Padukone delivers a solid, realised performance |work=The Indian Express |date=9 January 2020 |access-date=9 January 2020 |archive-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109074206/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/chhapaak-movie-review-rating-deepika-padukone-6207416/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bugbee |first=Teo |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/10/movies/chhapaak-review.html |title=Chhapaak Review: Life and Activism After an Acid Attack |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=10 January 2020 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110051016/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/10/movies/chhapaak-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She received another Best Actress nomination at Filmfare.<ref>{{cite news |title=66th Vimal Elaichi Filmfare Awards 2021: Check out the complete list of nominees |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/66th-vimal-elaichi-filmfare-awards-2021-check-out-the-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/81691822.cms |access-date=29 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=27 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327133829/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/66th-vimal-elaichi-filmfare-awards-2021-check-out-the-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/81691822.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst significant political backlash due to Padukone's perceived support for the [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests]], ''Chhapaak'' failed commercially.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/much-lauded-deepika-padukone-starrer-chhapaak-crashes-box-office-trade-experts-analyse/|title=The much lauded Deepika Padukone starrer Chhapaak crashes at the box office, trade experts analyse|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=18 January 2020|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=18 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118131719/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/much-lauded-deepika-padukone-starrer-chhapaak-crashes-box-office-trade-experts-analyse/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Padukone's next production venture was ''[[83 (film)|83]]'' (2021), a sports drama about India's victory at the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]], starring Ranveer Singh as [[Kapil Dev]], in which she also took on the role of Dev's wife, Romi.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mishra, Shambhavi |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/deepika-padukone-wants-to-spend-time-with-kapil-dev-s-wife-romi-for-83-prep-details-here/434039 |title=Deepika Padukone wants to spend time with Kapil Dev's wife Romi for '83 prep – details here |website=Times Now |date=10 June 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610061110/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/deepika-padukone-wants-to-spend-time-with-kapil-dev-s-wife-romi-for-83-prep-details-here/434039 |archive-date=10 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was delayed several times chiefly due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sooryavanshi, No Time To Die, 83, Brahmastra and Other Films Still Delayed Amid Coronavirus |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sooryavanshi-no-time-to-die-83-brahmastra-and-other-films-still-delayed-amid-coronavirus-3766934.html |publisher=[[News18]] |access-date=9 January 2022 |language=en |date=23 May 2021 |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224092924/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sooryavanshi-no-time-to-die-83-brahmastra-and-other-films-still-delayed-amid-coronavirus-3766934.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone was director [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]'s first choice as he considered casting a real-life couple as an onscreen pair to be a good marketing strategy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kabir Khan on getting Deepika Padukone onboard 83: I would have gone to her even if she wasn't married to Ranveer Singh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kabir-khan-on-getting-deepika-padukone-onboard-83-i-would-have-gone-to-her-even-if-she-wasn-t-married-to-ranveer-singh-101640184370981.html |access-date=9 January 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106230955/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kabir-khan-on-getting-deepika-padukone-onboard-83-i-would-have-gone-to-her-even-if-she-wasn-t-married-to-ranveer-singh-101640184370981.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Reviews for the film were positive,<ref>{{cite news |title=83 Movie Review: FIVE reasons why you should not miss Kabir Khan's sports drama starring Ranveer Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-five-reasons-why-you-should-not-miss-kabir-khans-sports-drama-starring-ranveer-singh/photostory/88444588.cms |access-date=9 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=23 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225152519/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-five-reasons-why-you-should-not-miss-kabir-khans-sports-drama-starring-ranveer-singh/photostory/88444588.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> with Davesh Sharma of ''Filmfare'' commending Padukone for adding glamour to her supporting part.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Davesh |title=Movie Review: '83 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/83-movie-review-51882.html |access-date=9 January 2022 |work=Filmfare |date=25 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224160857/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/83-movie-review-51882.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It failed to perform well commercially.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2022 |title=Ranveer's '83' To Suffer Historic Loss Higher Than 'Bombay Velvet' & It's Heartbreaking |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/99342-ranveer-singh-83-biggest-bollywood-flop-beating-ranbir-kapoor-bombay-velvet.html |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=MensXp |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108144112/https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/99342-ranveer-singh-83-biggest-bollywood-flop-beating-ranbir-kapoor-bombay-velvet.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone next took on a leading role in [[Shakun Batra]]'s ''[[Gehraiyaan]]'' (2022), a drama about infidelity which was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Shakun Batra's Gehraiyaan starring Deepika Padukone, Siddhant Chaturvedi and Ananya Panday to release on Amazon Prime Video on January 25, 2022|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shakun-batras-gehraiyaan-starring-deepika-padukone-siddhant-chaturvedi-and-ananya-panday-to-release-on-amazon-prime-video-on-january-25-2022/|date=20 December 2021|access-date=20 December 2021|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|archive-date=20 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220044844/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/shakun-batras-gehraiyaan-starring-deepika-padukone-siddhant-chaturvedi-and-ananya-panday-to-release-on-amazon-prime-video-on-january-25-2022/|url-status=live}}</ref> She described her part of a troubled woman engaged in an affair as the most layered of her career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2022 |title=Deepika Padukone interview: Intimacy in 'Gehraiyaan' is not to titillate the audience |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/interview-deepika-padukone-on-gehraiyaan-intimacy-in-the-film-is-not-to-titillate-the-audience-453425 |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=Wion |archive-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171858/https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/interview-deepika-padukone-on-gehraiyaan-intimacy-in-the-film-is-not-to-titillate-the-audience-453425 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a mixed review for the film, Siddhant Adlakha of [[IndieWire]] was appreciative of Padukone's "emotionally complex" performance.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adlakha |first1=Siddhant |title='Gehraiyaan' Review: Deepika Padukone Stars in Bollywood Romance that Falls Short of True Love |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/02/gehrayiaan-review-amazon-prime-2-1234698073/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |work=IndieWire |date=10 February 2022 |archive-date=10 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210183828/https://www.indiewire.com/2022/02/gehrayiaan-review-amazon-prime-2-1234698073/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She served as a jury member at the [[2022 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/before-deepika-padukone-these-indian-stars-were-part-of-the-cannes-jury-10687261.html|title=Before Deepika Padukone, these Indian stars were part of the Cannes jury|date=18 May 2022|access-date=9 August 2022|website=Firstpost|language=en|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809104907/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/before-deepika-padukone-these-indian-stars-were-part-of-the-cannes-jury-10687261.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Big-budget action films (2023–present) ===
[[File:Shah Rukh Khan, Deepika Padukone, John Abraham attend the press conference and success celebration of Pathaan 1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Padukone and her frequent co-star [[Shah Rukh Khan]] at an event for ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' in 2023]]
Padukone reunited with Shah Rukh Khan in Siddharth Anand's action film ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023), set in the [[YRF Spy Universe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-joins-shoot-of-pathaan-in-mumbai-to-reunite-with-shah-rukh-khan-again/story-7k4JYpEgxDQY6qfydty54O_amp.html|title=Deepika Padukone joins shoot of Pathaan in Mumbai, to reunite with Shah Rukh Khan again|work=hindustantimes.com |date=23 November 2020|access-date=18 December 2020|archive-date=8 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208050359/https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-joins-shoot-of-pathaan-in-mumbai-to-reunite-with-shah-rukh-khan-again/story-7k4JYpEgxDQY6qfydty54O_amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-begins-shooting-for-pathan-7062284/|title=Deepika Padukone begins shooting for YRF movie Pathan|date=24 November 2020|access-date=18 December 2020|archive-date=8 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208012524/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-begins-shooting-for-pathan-7062284/|url-status=live}}</ref> A song in the film, "[[Besharam Rang]]", featured Padukone in a [[Saffron (color)#Religion|saffron]] bikini, which became controversial once right-wing Hindutva groups deemed it obscene and objectionable.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=Besharam Rang': How the controversy surrounding the 'Pathaan' song refuses to die down |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/besharam-rang-how-the-controversy-surrounding-the-pathaan-song-refuses-to-die-down-11834841.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223084033/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/besharam-rang-how-the-controversy-surrounding-the-pathaan-song-refuses-to-die-down-11834841.html |archive-date=23 December 2022 |access-date=23 December 2022 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> The [[Central Board of Film Certification]] cleared the film for release after some edits were made to the song sequence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 January 2023 |title=Deepika Padukone's golden swimsuit scene, butt shots censored from Pathaan's Besharam Rang: Report |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/deepika-padukones-golden-swimsuit-scene-buttock-shots-removed-from-besharam-rang-2317834-2023-01-05 |access-date=18 January 2023 |magazine=India Today |archive-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171837/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/deepika-padukones-golden-swimsuit-scene-buttock-shots-removed-from-besharam-rang-2317834-2023-01-05 |url-status=live }}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee wrote that Padukone "pulls off the dual act of an irrepressible [[femme fatale]] and a committed soldier with elan".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal|date=25 January 2023|title=Pathaan Review: Shah Rukh Khan Doesn't Miss A Trick In Phenomenally Entertaining Spy Thriller|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pathaan-review-shah-rukh-khan-doesnt-miss-a-trick-in-phenomenally-entertaining-spy-thriller-3722920#pfrom-movies-topstories|access-date=25 January 2023|website=NDTV|archive-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125085635/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pathaan-review-shah-rukh-khan-doesnt-miss-a-trick-in-phenomenally-entertaining-spy-thriller-3722920#pfrom-movies-topstories|url-status=live}}</ref> In her second collaboration with Khan in the same year, Padukone played a brief role (billed as a special appearance) in the action thriller ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/jawan-prevue-deepika-padukone-gets-in-on-the-action-in-scene-stealing-cameo-59719.html|title=Jawan Prevue: Deepika Padukone gets in on the action in scene-stealing cameo|work=Filmfare|date=10 July 2023|access-date=10 July 2023|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710070415/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/jawan-prevue-deepika-padukone-gets-in-on-the-action-in-scene-stealing-cameo-59719.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Reviewers for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' and ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' noted how much her pairing with Khan helped the picture.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rawal Kukreja|first=Monica|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jawan-review-shah-rukh-khan-packs-a-punch-in-this-massy-meaningful-actioner-101694057660807.html|title=Jawan review: Shah Rukh Khan packs a punch in this massy, meaningful actioner|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=7 September 2023|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907184351/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jawan-review-shah-rukh-khan-packs-a-punch-in-this-massy-meaningful-actioner-101694057660807.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Biiraia Jaiswal|first=Pooja|url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2023/09/07/jawan-review-loads-and-loads-of-shah-rukh-khan-two-actually-yet-no-overdose.html|title=Jawan review: Loads and loads of Shah Rukh Khan, two actually, yet no overdose|work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|date=7 September 2023|access-date=8 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908072514/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2023/09/07/jawan-review-loads-and-loads-of-shah-rukh-khan-two-actually-yet-no-overdose.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Both ''Pathaan'' and ''Jawan'' broke several box-office records for a Hindi film, each earning over {{INRConvert|10|b}} to rank among Hindi cinema's biggest grossers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tartaglione |first=Nancy |date=7 February 2023 |title=Shah Rukh Khan's 'Pathaan' Tops $100M At Global Box Office |website=Deadline Hollywood |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/pathan-100-million-global-box-office-shah-rukh-khan-deepika-padukone-1235251915/ |access-date=7 February 2023 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207132503/https://deadline.com/2023/02/pathan-100-million-global-box-office-shah-rukh-khan-deepika-padukone-1235251915/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tartaglione |first=Nancy |date=25 September 2023 |title='The Nun II' Tops $200M Global, 'Jawan' Now Biggest Bollywood Movie Ever In India – International Box Office |url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/the-nun-2-jawan-shah-rukh-khan-milestones-expendables-4-global-international-box-office-1235554810/ |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=Deadline Hollywood |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925093514/https://deadline.com/2023/09/the-nun-2-jawan-shah-rukh-khan-milestones-expendables-4-global-international-box-office-1235554810/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/ |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide: All Time |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=25 September 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128100840/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone received another Best Actress nomination at Filmfare for ''Pathaan''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nominations for the 69th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2024 with Gujarat Tourism: Full list out|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-69th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2024-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-63822.html|magazine=[[Filmfare]]|date=15 January 2024|access-date=15 January 2024|archive-date=15 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115193555/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-69th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2024-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-63822.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Her accomplishments of the year led ''[[India Today]]'' to name her as "the go-to actress for big-budget spectacles".<ref>{{cite news|title=Deepika Padukone: Global diva|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/high-and-mighty/story/20230605-deepika-padukone-global-diva-2384259-2023-05-26|magazine=India Today|date=5 June 2023|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=26 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126072514/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/high-and-mighty/story/20230605-deepika-padukone-global-diva-2384259-2023-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> Describing her multiple collaborations with Khan, she has said that they have a "deep trust" and "a sense of ownership over each other".<ref name="weekinterview">{{Cite news|last=Zakaria|first=Namrata|date=24 September 2023|title='Don't feel I need to move to another country to be accepted': Deepika Padukone on global ambitions|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2023/09/15/bollywood-actor-deepika-padukone-interview.html|access-date=25 January 2024|work=The Week|archive-date=12 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112000811/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2023/09/15/bollywood-actor-deepika-padukone-interview.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Continuing her work in big-budget action films, Padukone had three such releases in 2024. Some commentators complained that her consecutive roles in such androcentric films did not give her much scope to perform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/frankly-speaking-deepika-padukone-getting-stereotyped-roles-needs-paradigm-shift-time-runs/|title=Frankly Speaking: Deepika Padukone getting stereotyped with her roles; needs a paradigm shift before time runs out|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=31 January 2024|access-date=1 February 2024|archive-date=1 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201032321/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/frankly-speaking-deepika-padukone-getting-stereotyped-roles-needs-paradigm-shift-time-runs/|url-status=live}}</ref> She collaborated with Anand once again in ''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]'', co-starring [[Hrithik Roshan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Deepali|date=24 January 2024|title=Deepika Padukone: 'Fighter is our tribute to every single fighter out there who put their life at risk every day to keep us safe'|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/deepika-padukone-fighter-interview-12118951.html|access-date=25 January 2024|website=Money Control|archive-date=24 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124141259/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/deepika-padukone-fighter-interview-12118951.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For their roles as [[Indian Air Force]] officers, Roshan and Padukone were required to undergo martial arts training.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 June 2022 |title=Hrithik Roshan and Deepika Padukone to undergo intensive martial arts training for 'Fighter' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hrithik-roshan-and-deepika-padukone-to-undergo-intensive-martial-arts-training-for-fighter/articleshow/92194435.cms/ |access-date=11 May 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511071643/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hrithik-roshan-and-deepika-padukone-to-undergo-intensive-martial-arts-training-for-fighter/articleshow/92194435.cms/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[WION]]'s Shomini Singh wrote that she "looks gorgeous and shares good chemistry with Roshan- but her potential as an actress is never capitalised".<ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Shomini|url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-fighter-review-hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukones-film-gets-it-right-despite-predictability-683496|title=Fighter review: Hrithik Roshan, Deepika Padukone's film gets it right despite predictability|website=WION|date=25 January 2024|access-date=25 January 2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202075539/https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-fighter-review-hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukones-film-gets-it-right-despite-predictability-683496|url-status=live}}</ref> Padukone then featured alongside Amitabh Bachchan and [[Prabhas]] in ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'', a Telugu science fiction film from filmmaker [[Nag Ashwin]] made on a record budget of {{INRConvert|6|b}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abraham|first=Hannah|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/kalki-2898-ad-exploring-nag-ashwin-prabhas-amitabh-bachchan-deepika-padukone-movie-1235942384/|title='Kalki 2898 AD': Inside The Prabhas-Starring Sci-Fi Epic That Is One Of India's Most Expensive Movies Of All Time|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=29 May 2024|access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref> Set in a dystopian future, she played a pregnant [[Human subject research|test subject]] on the run. [[Sukanya Verma]] found her "significant even in a passive part" but [[Scroll.in]]'s Nandini Ramnath opined that she "has little to do beyond looking stricken".<ref>{{cite web|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/kalki-2898-ad-review/20240627.htm|title=Kalki 2898 AD Review: The Force Is Strong|website=Rediff.com|date=27 June 2024|access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1069700/kalki-2898-ad-review-low-returns-from-a-derivative-futuristic-film|title='Kalki 2898 AD' review: Ambitious but uninvolving|website=Scroll.in|date=27 June 2024|access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> Padukone also joined Rohit Shetty's [[Cop Universe]] franchise in the ensemble action sequel ''[[Singham Again]]'' (2024), starring [[Ajay Devgn]] in the title role.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-ajay-devgn-akshay-kumar-ranveer-singh-begin-filming-for-rohit-shetty-singham-again-deepika-padukone-3060807/|title=Ajay Devgn, Akshay Kumar, Ranveer Singh begin filming for Rohit Shetty's Singham Again: 'Hum apni jaan laga denge'|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=16 September 2023|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=20 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920023230/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-ajay-devgn-akshay-kumar-ranveer-singh-begin-filming-for-rohit-shetty-singham-again-deepika-padukone-3060807|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Mint''{{'s}} Udita Jhunjhunwala lamented her "insufficient presence" in it.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jhunjhunwala |first=Udita |title='Singham Again' review: Rohit Shetty's cop version of the 'Ramayana' |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/singham-again-review-rohit-shetty-ajay-devgn-kareena-kapoor-cop-version-ramayana-11730566053441.html |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=Mint |date=2 November 2024}}</ref> ''Kalki 2898 AD'', ''Singham Again'' and ''Fighter'' rank among the [[List of Indian films of 2024#Box office collection|highest-grossing Indian films of 2024]], with the former earning {{INRConvert|10|b}} worldwide and the latter two having modest returns on their high production budgets.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/box-office/kalki-2898-ad-indian-box-office-first-half-2024-1236075003/ |title='Kalki 2898 AD' Leads as Indian Box Office Hits $600 Million in First Half of 2024 |work=Variety |date=17 July 2024 |access-date=17 July 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Singh|first=Jatinder|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/highest-grossing-indian-films-worldwide-box-office-prabhas-starrer-kalki-2898-ad-eighth-to-900cr-1328967 |title=Highest grossing Indian films worldwide box office: Prabhas starrer Kalki 2898 AD eighth to 900cr |website=Pinkvilla |date=17 July 2024 |access-date=17 July 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Mohit |title=Amaran, Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3, Singham Again and other Diwali 2024 releases report card: From Blockbuster to Average & Flop |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/amaran-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-singham-again-and-other-diwali-2024-releases-report-card-from-blockbuster-to-average-flop-1359044 |date=20 November 2024|access-date=20 November 2024 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref> Padukone will next appear in ''AA22xA6'' opposite [[Allu Arjun]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepika Padukone Officially Joins Allu Arjun and Atlee's AA22xA6 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/deepika-padukone-officially-joins-allu-arjun-and-atlees-aa22xa6-74519.html |date=8 June 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh reception.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Singh and Padukone at their wedding reception in 2018]]
Padukone shares a close bond with her family, and visits them regularly in her hometown of Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news |author=Muthanna, Anjali |title=Deepika makes time for family in Bangalore |date=25 May 2013 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Deepika-makes-time-for-family-in-Bangalore/articleshow/20243794.cms |access-date=25 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194307/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-25/news-interviews/39520879_1_deepika-padukone-bangalore-girl-yjhd |archive-date=28 September 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> She lives in [[Prabhadevi]], a neighbourhood in Mumbai, and has admitted to missing the presence of her parents there.<ref name="toi interview" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone's South Indian home |date=7 November 2011 |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2505006891.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410000136/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2505006891.html |archive-date=10 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Ahmed, Afsana |title=I want to be the first girl Ranbir Kapoor directs: Deepika Padukone |date=23 June 2013 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-want-to-be-the-first-girl-ranbir-kapoor-directs-deepika-padukone/story-YHxXvKq8N4PFSgD1glVKEP.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203134412/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-want-to-be-the-first-girl-ranbir-kapoor-directs-deepika-padukone/story-YHxXvKq8N4PFSgD1glVKEP.html |archive-date=3 February 2016 }}</ref> A practising [[Hindu]], Padukone considers religion to be an important aspect of her life and makes frequent visits to [[Hindu temple|temples]] and other religious shrines.<ref>{{cite news |author=Batra, Ankur |title=Deepika Padukone on a religious trip |date=8 September 2011 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-on-a-religious-trip/articleshow/9897395.cms |access-date=25 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194315/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-08/news-interviews/30123474_1_deepika-padukone-golden-temple-morning-walkers |archive-date=28 September 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref>

While filming ''Bachna Ae Haseeno'' in 2008, Padukone began a romantic relationship with co-star [[Ranbir Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web |title=I've been dating Deepika for few weeks: Ranbir Kapoor |date=17 March 2008 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/i-ve-been-dating-deepika-for-a-few-weeks-ranbir-kapoor-news-bollywood-kkftL3hfdja.html |access-date=17 March 2008 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231090325/http://www.sify.com/movies/i-ve-been-dating-deepika-for-a-few-weeks-ranbir-kapoor-news-bollywood-kkftL3hfdja.html |archive-date=31 December 2010 }}</ref> She spoke openly about the relationship and sported a tattoo of his initials on the nape of her neck.<ref>{{cite news |last=Behrawala |first=Krutika |title=Tattoo Tales |date=17 August 2012 |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/tattoo-tales/987803/ |access-date=4 September 2013 |work=The Indian Express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208095326/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/tattoo-tales/987803 |archive-date=8 February 2016 }}</ref> She has said that the relationship had a profound effect on her, transforming her into a more confident and social person.<ref name="toi interview" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Drum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_OosAQAAIAAJ |year=2008 |publisher=Drum Publications (East Africa) |page=98 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114120425/http://books.google.com/books?id=_OosAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=14 November 2013 }}</ref> The couple broke up a year later;<ref>{{cite news |author=Lalwani, Vickey |title=Deepika-Ranbir call it quits! |date=3 November 2009 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Ranbir-call-it-quits/articleshow/5191380.cms |access-date=10 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025161535/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-03/news-interviews/28091798_1_ranbir-kapoor-deepika-padukone-nihar-pandya |archive-date=25 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> she professed in an interview to feeling betrayed for a long time.<ref name="toi interview" /> In a 2010 interview, Padukone accused him of infidelity, and Kapoor later admitted to it.<ref>{{cite news |title=He cheated on me: Deepika |date=28 September 2010 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/he-cheated-on-me-deepika/story-Yb1QlWYJgHy9rIyGhoaWJP.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032126/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/he-cheated-on-me-deepika/story-Yb1QlWYJgHy9rIyGhoaWJP.html |archive-date=17 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Punoose, Rukhmini |title=Deepika on a dream run |url=http://www.verveonline.com/89/people/deepika.shtml |work=Verve |access-date=4 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927193225/http://www.verveonline.com/89/people/deepika.shtml |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Yes, I cheated: Ranbir |date=30 September 2011 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Yes-I-cheated-Ranbir-Kapoor/articleshow/10181376.cms |access-date=4 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203192202/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news-interviews/30229828_1_ranbir-kapoor-deepika-padukone-relationship |archive-date=3 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> They reconciled their friendship while working on ''Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani''.<ref>{{cite news |title='Ranbir and I have become a lot closer now' – Deepika Padukone |last=Tandon |first=Raedita |date=28 June 2013 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/ranbir-and-i-have-become-a-lot-closer-now-deepika-padukone-3546.html |work=Filmfare |access-date=4 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002175110/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/ranbir-and-i-have-become-a-lot-closer-now-deepika-padukone-3546.html |archive-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Padukone subsequently became reticent to discuss her personal life, but in 2017, she fondly spoke of her relationship with her frequent co-star [[Ranveer Singh]], whom she began dating in August 2012.<ref name="filmfare17" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Choudhary |first=Anuradha |title=Exclusive and explosive: Deepika Padukone's first interview after marriage |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/exclusive-and-explosive-deepika-padukones-first-interview-after-marriage-31906.html |work=Filmfare |date=28 December 2018 |access-date=8 January 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416085522/https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/exclusive-and-explosive-deepika-padukones-first-interview-after-marriage-31906.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2018, the couple announced their impending marriage.<ref>{{cite news|title=Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh announce wedding date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-wedding-card-date-5411450/|work=The Indian Express|date=21 October 2018|access-date=21 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190905/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-wedding-card-date-5411450/|archive-date=21 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The following month, they married in traditional [[Konkani people|Konkani]] [[Hindu]] and Sikh [[Anand Karaj]] ceremonies at [[Lake Como]], Italy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone, Ranveer Singh are married now, wedding ceremony ends in Italy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-are-married-now-wedding-ceremony-ends-in-italy/story-OrrIJnMvTwI1wSwl7JbWqM.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 November 2018 |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114143025/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-are-married-now-wedding-ceremony-ends-in-italy/story-OrrIJnMvTwI1wSwl7JbWqM.html |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-wedding-sikh-body-upset-over-anand-karaj-performed-outside-gurdwara/story-gtw6h2BVs7F2tCD3VjK85K.html|title=Ranveer Singh-Deepika Padukone wedding: Sikh body upset over Anand Karaj performed outside gurdwara|date=19 November 2018|access-date=19 December 2018|work=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134548/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-wedding-sikh-body-upset-over-anand-karaj-performed-outside-gurdwara/story-gtw6h2BVs7F2tCD3VjK85K.html|archive-date=19 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 September 2024, she gave birth to their daughter Dua.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-blessed-with-baby-girl-101725714396435.html|title=Deepika Padukone, Ranveer Singh blessed with baby girl|date=8 September 2024|access-date=8 September 2024|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Off-screen work ==
[[File:SLAMtheTour 20Sep2014 (199) (15143666038) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|alt=A shot of Deepika Padukone dancing on stage|Padukone performing at the "SLAM! The Tour" concert in 2014]]
In addition to acting, Padukone has written opinion columns and has been involved with women's health and fitness magazines. She has also supported charitable organisations, and has performed for stage shows. In 2009, she was hired by ''Hindustan Times'' to write weekly columns for their lifestyle section; through these columns she interacted with her fans and passed details of her personal and professional life.<ref>{{cite news |last=Padukone |first=Deepika |title=My nervous excitement |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/my-nervous-excitement/story-cd9szDgxJirCJBRYiRSANO.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 July 2009 |access-date=7 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115730/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/my-nervous-excitement/story-cd9szDgxJirCJBRYiRSANO.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Padukone |first=Deepika |title=Our love stays: Deepika |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/our-love-stays-deepika/story-g90A33jkUB0aliIisrjLmJ.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 October 2009 |access-date=7 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091753/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/our-love-stays-deepika/story-g90A33jkUB0aliIisrjLmJ.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref> That year, she participated in the [[World 10K Bangalore]] marathon, which raised {{INRConvert|13.1|m}} in support of 81 NGOs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika for charity |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Deepika-for-charity/articleshow/4802748.cms |access-date=24 June 2013 |date=22 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928200019/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-22/people/28169980_1_charity-event-bangaloreans |archive-date=28 September 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone raises Rs 1.3 crore for several charities |url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/jul/090709-Bollywood-Bengaluru-Deepika-Padukone-marathon-1-crore-charity.htm |access-date=24 June 2013 |newspaper=[[Mid-Day]] |date=9 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911085117/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/jul/090709-Bollywood-Bengaluru-Deepika-Padukone-marathon-1-crore-charity.htm |archive-date=11 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2010, Padukone adopted the [[Maharashtra|Maharashtrian]] village of [[Ambegaon]] as part of NDTV's Greenathon Campaign, to provide the village with a regular supply of electricity.<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |title=Deepika adopts a Ambegaon village |url=http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/mar/100310-Deepika-Padukone-Ambegaon-village-Greenathon-campaign.htm |access-date=21 April 2013 |newspaper=Mid Day |date=10 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911085232/http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/mar/100310-Deepika-Padukone-Ambegaon-village-Greenathon-campaign.htm |archive-date=11 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> She visited Indian ''[[jawans]]'' (troops) in [[Jammu]], for an [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] special episode of NDTV's reality show ''Jai Jawaan''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone in uniform |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/rough-n-tough-deepika-padukone-in-uniform/photo-yIFQ9OLxuFGsGEJk7bEiUI.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=24 June 2013 |date=23 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222144133/http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/rough-n-tough-deepika-padukone-in-uniform/photo-yIFQ9OLxuFGsGEJk7bEiUI.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref>

Padukone took part in the opening ceremony of the [[2010 Indian Premier League|third season of the Indian Premier League]] at the [[DY Patil Stadium]] in [[Navi Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 3 kicks off with grand opening ceremony |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/134698-ipl-3-kicks-off-with-grand-opening-ceremony |publisher=NDTV |access-date=24 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006100537/http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/134698-ipl-3-kicks-off-with-grand-opening-ceremony |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> Three years later, she performed alongside Shah Rukh Khan, [[Katrina Kaif]], and [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]] for the [[2013 Indian Premier League|sixth edition]] of the Indian Premier League.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2013: Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif, Deepika Padukone, Pitbull showcase diverse culture |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ipl-2013-shah-rukh-khan-katrina-kaif-deepika-padukone-pitbull-showcase-diverse-culture-349474 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=24 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713121133/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ipl-2013-shah-rukh-khan-katrina-kaif-deepika-padukone-pitbull-showcase-diverse-culture-349474 |archive-date=13 July 2014 }}</ref> In 2014, she participated in a concert tour across North America, entitled "SLAM! The Tour", in which she performed alongside her co-stars from ''Happy New Year''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shah Rukh Khan, Deepika Padukone take America by storm |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/shah-rukh-khan-deepika-padukone-slam-american-fans-houston-new-jersey-294187-2014-09-24 |work=India Today |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926201737/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/shah-rukh-khan-deepika-padukone-slam-american-fans-houston-new-jersey/1/384742.html |archive-date=26 September 2014 }}</ref> Padukone has also been involved with the [[Olympic Gold Quest]] team, established by her father and [[Geet Sethi]] to support Indian athletes at the Olympic Games, along with sports personalities such as [[Leander Paes]] and [[Viswanathan Anand]] and several other actors.<ref name="Nehwal2012">{{cite book |last=Nehwal |first=Saina |title=Playing to Win |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBSi3rdUPO0C&pg=PT41 |date=15 December 2012 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-81-8475-915-0 |page=41 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101113850/http://books.google.com/books?id=tBSi3rdUPO0C&pg=PT41 |archive-date=1 November 2013 }}</ref> In 2022, Padukone and Spanish footballer [[Iker Casillas]] unveiled the [[FIFA World Cup Trophy]] at the competition's [[2022 FIFA World Cup final|final match]] in Qatar.<ref name="forbesfeet"/>

In 2013, she launched her own line of clothing for women, in association with the retail chain [[PVH (company)|Van Heusen]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone makes her debut as fashion designer |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/deepika-padukone-makes-her-debut-as-fashion-designer/1177826/ |access-date=4 October 2013 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=3 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213011332/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/deepika-padukone-makes-her-debut-as-fashion-designer/1177826 |archive-date=13 February 2014 }}</ref> Two years later, she collaborated with the fashion portal [[Myntra]] to launch another line under her brand "All About You".<ref>{{cite news |author=Anshul |title=Myntra launches Deepika Padukone brand 'All About You'; prices start Rs 1,500 |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/companies/myntra-launches-deepika-padukone-brand-all-about-you-prices-start-rs-1500/154226/ |access-date=11 October 2016 |work=The Financial Express |date=20 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011224233/http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/companies/myntra-launches-deepika-padukone-brand-all-about-you-prices-start-rs-1500/154226/ |archive-date=11 October 2016 }}</ref> From 2019 to 2021, she served as the chairperson of the [[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone is the new MAMI chairperson |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-is-the-new-mami-chairperson/articleshow/67750989.cms |access-date=30 January 2019 |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror |date=30 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110026/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-is-the-new-mami-chairperson/articleshow/67750989.cms |archive-date=30 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Through her own company, Ka Enterprises, Padukone has invested in several startups, including Drum Foods International, a [[fast-moving consumer goods]] company, and Blu Smart, an [[electric vehicle|electric taxi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone invests in maker of Epigamia yogurt |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/deepika-padukone-invests-in-maker-of-epigamia-yogurt-1557771851043.html |access-date=16 May 2019 |work=Mint |date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517231717/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/deepika-padukone-invests-in-maker-of-epigamia-yogurt-1557771851043.html |archive-date=17 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Sriram, M.|title=Deepika Padukone's family office invests in e-taxi startup Blu Smart|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/deepika-padukone-s-family-office-invests-in-blu-smart-1569243127845.html|access-date=24 September 2019|work=Mint|date=23 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924101621/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/deepika-padukone-s-family-office-invests-in-blu-smart-1569243127845.html|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, she launched her own self-care brand, named 82°E, beginning with skincare products.<ref name="forbesfeet">{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone has the world at her feet |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/showstoppers-202223/deepika-padukone-has-the-world-at-her-feet/82355/1 |access-date=18 January 2023 |magazine=Forbes |date=5 January 2023 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117235807/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/showstoppers-202223/deepika-padukone-has-the-world-at-her-feet/82355/1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The brand raised $7.5 million in [[seed funding]] to launch new products.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone's self-care brand 82°E raises $7.5 m seed round |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/deepika-padukones-self-care-brand-82e%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B-raises-75-m-seed-round/article66266408.ece |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=The Hindu Business Line |date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118172207/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/deepika-padukones-self-care-brand-82e%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B-raises-75-m-seed-round/article66266408.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Advocacy==
[[File:Deepika Padukone Live Laugh Love Foundation (2).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Padukone at an event for [[The Live Love Laugh Foundation]] in 2018]]

Padukone has also been outspoken on issues such as feminism and has said, "New feminism isn't about being aggressive; it's about reaching the top yet being soft. It's about being you – feminine, strong and full of will power."<ref name="Sinha2011">{{cite book |last=Sinha |first=Dheeraj |title=Consumer India: Inside the Indian Mind and Wallet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uw-XCvE9G4YC&pg=PA129 |date=14 February 2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-82632-4 |page=129}}</ref> In a 2015 interview, Padukone spoke about her personal experience of overcoming depression, and in October that year she formed a foundation to create awareness on mental health in India, named [[The Live Love Laugh Foundation]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Awaasthi, Kavita |title=Deepika Padukone on suffering from depression: It was a struggle to wake up |date=17 January 2015 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/deepika-padukone-on-suffering-from-depression-it-was-a-struggle-to-wake-up/article1-1306957.aspx |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118035439/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/deepika-padukone-on-suffering-from-depression-it-was-a-struggle-to-wake-up/article1-1306957.aspx |archive-date=18 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone launches her foundation 'Live, Love and Laugh' on World Mental Health Day |date=10 October 2015 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-launches-her-foundation-live-love-and-laugh-on-world-mental-health-day-2133489 |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022163008/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-launches-her-foundation-live-love-and-laugh-on-world-mental-health-day-2133489 |archive-date=22 October 2015 }}</ref> The following year, she launched a campaign named More Than Just Sad to assist general physicians in their treatment of patients suffering from depression or anxiety.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone's foundation launches awareness programme on mental health |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukones-foundation-launches-awareness-programme-on-mental-health-2811187/#sthash.A7hGmE4o.dpuf |date=20 May 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=22 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521215431/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukones-foundation-launches-awareness-programme-on-mental-health-2811187/ |archive-date=21 May 2016 }}</ref> Also in 2016, the foundation teamed with Facebook and the [[AASRA]] organisation to launch multilingual tools and educational resources in Facebook's networking site to support people with suicidal tendencies.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alawadhi |first=Neha |title=Facebook partners with Deepika Padukone's Foundation; launches suicide prevention tools in India |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/52749651.cms |date=14 June 2016 |work=The Economic Times |access-date=15 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911230551/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/52749651.cms |archive-date=11 September 2016 }}</ref> Padukone became the brand ambassador for the NGO [[Indian Psychiatric Society]] and on her foundation's first anniversary, the two organisations collaborated to launch the video and poster campaign #DobaraPoocho dedicated to victims and survivors of depression.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone named Indian Psychiatric Society's brand ambassador |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Deepika-Padukone-named-Indian-Psychiatric-Societys-brand-ambassador/articleshow/53856784.cms |access-date=5 November 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=25 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829212121/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Deepika-Padukone-named-Indian-Psychiatric-Societys-brand-ambassador/articleshow/53856784.cms |archive-date=29 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Stigma key reason why mental health issues not being addressed: Deepika |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/stigma-key-reason-why-mental-health-issues-not-being-addressed-deepika/story-IhbNNQwyGfdPqwTFNsQEvM.html |access-date=5 November 2016 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106061008/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/stigma-key-reason-why-mental-health-issues-not-being-addressed-deepika/story-IhbNNQwyGfdPqwTFNsQEvM.html |archive-date=6 November 2016 }}</ref> The [[World Economic Forum]] presented her with the Crystal Award in 2020 for creating awareness on mental health.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone feted with Crystal Award at WEF; stresses on importance of mental health, quotes Martin Luther King |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/deepika-padukone-feted-with-crystal-award-at-wef-stresses-on-importance-of-mental-health-quotes-martin-luther-king/articleshow/73471900.cms |access-date=21 January 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=21 January 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012014140/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/deepika-padukone-feted-with-crystal-award-at-wef-stresses-on-importance-of-mental-health-quotes-martin-luther-king/articleshow/73471900.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2020, Padukone attended a protest for students who were brutalised during the [[2020 JNU Attack]] due to their [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|protests]] against the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Act]].<ref>{{cite web |title='We are not scared': Why Deepika Padukone's JNU visit matters |url=https://scroll.in/reel/949118/why-deepika-padukones-jnu-visit-matters |date=8 January 2020 |website=Scroll.in |access-date=8 January 2020 |archive-date=8 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108062925/https://scroll.in/reel/949118/why-deepika-padukones-jnu-visit-matters |url-status=live }}</ref> Members of the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] criticised her decision and asked people to boycott her film ''Chhapaak''.<ref>{{cite web |title="Deepika Padukone Was Patriot Earlier, Now...": Kanhaiya Kumar On Criticism |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jawaharlal-nehru-university-jnu-deepika-padukone-was-patriot-earlier-now-kanhaiya-kumar-on-criticism-2161458 |access-date=9 January 2020 |work=NDTV |date=9 January 2020 |archive-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109162538/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jawaharlal-nehru-university-jnu-deepika-padukone-was-patriot-earlier-now-kanhaiya-kumar-on-criticism-2161458 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many others praised her for standing up against a crackdown on dissent, as mainstream Bollywood actors avoid making political statements fearing backlash and consequences on their film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood A-lister backs protesting students, faces boycott calls |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-student-protests/bollywood-a-lister-backs-protesting-students-faces-boycott-calls-idUSKBN1Z71CU |access-date=8 January 2020 |website=Reuters |date=8 January 2020 |archive-date=8 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108104403/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-student-protests/bollywood-a-lister-backs-protesting-students-faces-boycott-calls-idUSKBN1Z71CU |url-status=live }}</ref> When asked about the political backlash she has since faced, Padukone said, "I don't know if I'm supposed to feel something about it. But the truth is, I don't feel anything about it."<ref name="timecover23">{{cite news |last=Rajvanshi |first=Astha |title=Deepika Padukone Is Bringing the World to Bollywood |url=https://time.com/6278237/deepika-padukone-bollywood-india-profile/ |access-date=12 May 2023 |magazine=Time |date=10 May 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512012602/https://time.com/6278237/deepika-padukone-bollywood-india-profile/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 2020, Padukone was criticised for a [[TikTok]] video aimed towards the promotion of her film ''Chhapaak'', in which she asked users to recreate her "acid-attack survivor look" from the film which was deemed "insensitive" and "disrespectful" to acid-attack victims.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-disrespectful-to-acid-attack-victims-deepika-padukone-slammed-for-making-chhapaak-look-as-tiktok-challenge-2810151|title='Disrespectful to acid attack victims': Deepika Padukone slammed for making 'Chhapaak' look as TikTok challenge|work=Daily News and Analysis|last=Vasudevan|first=Aishwarya|date=20 January 2020|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121135729/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-disrespectful-to-acid-attack-victims-deepika-padukone-slammed-for-making-chhapaak-look-as-tiktok-challenge-2810151|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that year, Padukone was among several Bollywood actors who were criticised for posting Instagram messages showing solidarity with the [[Black Lives Matter]] movement, despite their previous work advertising skin-lightening products which perpetuate colourism.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/life/bollywood-stars-called-out-double-standards-black-lives-matter/|title=Bollywood Stars Called Out For Double Standards Over Black Lives Matter|last=Suresh|first=Sanjeeva|magazine=Harper's Bazaar|date=8 June 2020|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813124800/https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/life/bollywood-stars-called-out-double-standards-black-lives-matter/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/peak-hypocrisy-bollywood-actors-protesting-racism-and-endorsing-fairness-creams-2655811.html|title=Peak Hypocrisy: Bollywood Actors Protesting Racism and Endorsing Fairness Creams|last=Mukherjee|first=Jashodhara|work=News18|date=6 June 2020|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804145210/https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/peak-hypocrisy-bollywood-actors-protesting-racism-and-endorsing-fairness-creams-2655811.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== In the media ==
The journalist [[Vir Sanghvi]], in 2013, described Padukone as "strong, someone who makes up her own mind, [and] has motivation within herself."<ref>{{cite news |last=Sanghvi |first=Vir |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/shah-rukh-khan-and-deepika-padukone-in-conversation-with-vir-sanghvi/story-IVIPeV2PyW34oFg2UpCZoJ.html |title=Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone in conversation with Vir Sanghvi |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=17 August 2013 |date=4 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201125703/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/shah-rukh-khan-and-deepika-padukone-in-conversation-with-vir-sanghvi/story-IVIPeV2PyW34oFg2UpCZoJ.html |archive-date=1 February 2016 }}</ref> She is particularly known in the media as a professional, disciplined performer, whose "work takes precedence over everything else".<ref name="making of deepika" /> A reviewer for Rediff.com described her personality as "simple", "grounded", and "accessible", and wrote, "She takes criticism in her stride, acknowledges her limitations and strives to work hard at getting better. She handles praise with equal composure."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-10-reasons-why-we-love-deepika-padukone/20130805.htm#10 |title=10 reasons we love Deepika Padukone |work=Rediff.com |access-date=12 August 2013 |date=5 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812060241/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-10-reasons-why-we-love-deepika-padukone/20130805.htm |archive-date=12 August 2013 }}</ref> In the book ''The Millennial Woman in Bollywood'' (2020) author Maithili Shyam Rao wrote that Padukone challenges conventional social and sexual mores through her on-screen roles and off-screen persona.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rao |first=Maithili Shyam |title=The Millennial Woman in Bollywood |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGLdEAAAQBAJ |date=30 November 2020 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] India |isbn=9789354974595 |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202075631/https://books.google.com/books?id=xGLdEAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone maintains an active social media presence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-races-from-2-6-to-5-million/articleshow/18364974.cms |title=Deepika Padukone races from 2.6 to 5 million |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=7 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055931/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-07/news-interviews/36950476_1_facebook-page-deepika-padukone-cocktail-and-race |archive-date=23 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Deepika p Lux-Award 2016.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|alt=A shot of Deepika Padukone posing for the camera|Padukone at an event for [[Lux (soap)|Lux]] in 2016]]
Padukone is considered among the most popular and high-profile celebrities in India.<ref name="heroine" /><ref name="high" /> Analysing her career, [[Reuters]] published that after making a successful debut, she featured in a series of films for which critics labelled her as "wooden" and "mocked her accent".<ref>{{cite news |last=Jamkhandikar |first=Shilpa |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/deepika-padukone-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-idINDEE95B0CM20130612 |title=Deepika Padukone breaks free of Brad Pitt syndrome |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=12 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827144604/http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/06/12/deepika-padukone-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-idINDEE95B0CM20130612 |archive-date=27 August 2013 }}</ref> ''The Indian Express'' opined that "a few unwise script calls and the public blow up of her high profile relationship with Ranbir Kapoor" had resulted in a brief career setback.<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Harneet |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/post-chennai-express-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-deepika-padukone-is-number-1/1155960/0 |title=Post Chennai Express, Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani Deepika Padukone is number 1 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=16 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205203526/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/post-chennai-express-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-deepika-padukone-is-number-1/1155960/0 |archive-date=5 February 2016 }}</ref> By 2013, several media publications began crediting her as the most successful contemporary actress in India.<ref name="top" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130822/jsp/t2/story_17256831.jsp |title=Heroine no. 1 – Deepika leads the Bolly girl gang |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=22 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002122212/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130822/jsp/t2/story_17256831.jsp |archive-date=2 October 2013 }} {{cite news |last=Singh |first=Harneet |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/post-chennai-express-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-deepika-padukone-is-number-1/1155960/0 |title=Post Chennai Express, Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani Deepika Padukone is number 1 |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=7 October 2013 |date=16 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205203526/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/post-chennai-express-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani-deepika-padukone-is-number-1/1155960/0 |archive-date=5 February 2016 }}</ref> A decade later, a journalist for ''Time'' magazine took note of her longevity as a leading star, a rarity for women in Indian cinema.<ref name="timecover23"/> Also in 2023, Namrata Zakharia of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' analysed that Padukone's acting career, brand endorsements, investments, philanthropy, and marriage to Ranveer Singh were collectively responsible in making her "India's most successful female celebrity".<ref name="week2">{{cite news |last=Zakharia |first=Namrata |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2023/09/16/what-makes-deepika-padukone-india-s-most-successful-female-celebrity.html |title=What makes Deepika Padukone India's most successful female celebrity |work=The Week |access-date=25 January 2024 |date=24 September 2023 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107005437/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2023/09/16/what-makes-deepika-padukone-india-s-most-successful-female-celebrity.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Padukone has said that her background in sports has lent her to treat her career like an athlete, and that her choice of roles is "a combination of where I am in life, what I am offered and what I am capable of doing".<ref name="weekinterview"/>

''India Today'' featured her among the nation's 50 most powerful people in 2017, 2019 and 2023,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170424-india-today-top-50-powerful-indians-mukesh-ambani-ratan-tata-kumar-mangalam-birla-gautam-adani-anand-mahindra-srk-amitabh-bacchan-986203-2017-04-14 |title=50 power people |work=India Today |date=14 April 2017 |access-date=21 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417122537/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-top-50-powerful-indians-mukesh-ambani-ratan-tata-kumar-mangalam-birla-gautam-adani-anand-mahindra-srk-amitabh-bacchan/1/928939.html |archive-date=17 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/the-most-powerful-people-of-india-2019-full-list-1574021-2019-07-26 |title=The most powerful people of India 2019 |work=India Today |date=26 July 2019 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730004608/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/the-most-powerful-people-of-india-2019-full-list-1574021-2019-07-26 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20230605-the-high-mighty-2023-50-power-people-2384753-2023-05-27 |title=The High & Mighty 2023: 50 Power People |work=India Today |date=5 June 2023 |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126072509/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20230605-the-high-mighty-2023-50-power-people-2384753-2023-05-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> as did ''The Indian Express'' in 2018, 2019, 2023 and 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 September 2019 |title=Amitabh, Salman and SRK make it to IE100 list of most powerful Indians in 2019 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khan-ie100-list-of-most-powerful-indians-in-2019-6041460/ |access-date=18 January 2023 |newspaper=The Indian Express |archive-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171940/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khan-ie100-list-of-most-powerful-indians-in-2019-6041460/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 2023 |title=IE100: Shah Rukh Khan climbs ranks, SS Rajamouli, Deepika Padukone make debut in most powerful Indians 2023 list |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ie100-most-powerful-indians-2023-list-shah-rukh-khan-climbs-ranks-ss-rajamouli-deepika-padukone-8525390/ |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330030017/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ie100-most-powerful-indians-2023-list-shah-rukh-khan-climbs-ranks-ss-rajamouli-deepika-padukone-8525390/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 February 2024 |title=IE 100 2024: The List of Most Powerful Indians list |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ie-100-2024-the-list-of-most-powerful-indians-9184845/ |access-date=7 March 2024 }}</ref> The global edition of ''Forbes'' ranked her as the tenth highest-paid actress in the world in 2016 and in 2018, the magazine ranked her as the highest-earning woman celebrity in India.<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2016/08/23/the-worlds-highest-paid-actresses-2016-jennifer-lawrence-banks-46-million-payday-ahead-of-melissa-mccarthy/ |title=The World's Highest-Paid Actresses 2016: Jennifer Lawrence Banks $46 Million Payday Ahead Of Melissa McCarthy |work=Forbes |date=23 August 2016 |access-date=23 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823191155/http://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2016/08/23/the-worlds-highest-paid-actresses-2016-jennifer-lawrence-banks-46-million-payday-ahead-of-melissa-mccarthy/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45efgmh/10-deepika-padukone/ |title=Deepika Padukone |work=Forbes |access-date=23 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823235831/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45efgmh/10-deepika-padukone/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Panchal |first1=Salil |last2=Gangal |first2=Neeraj |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/2018-celebrity-100/salman-khan-tops-forbes-india-celebrity-100-list-for-third-time-in-a-row/51955/1 |title=Salman Khan tops Forbes India Celebrity 100 list for third time in a row |work=Forbes |access-date=2 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205064716/http://www.forbesindia.com/article/2018-celebrity-100/salman-khan-tops-forbes-india-celebrity-100-list-for-third-time-in-a-row/51955/1 |archive-date=5 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2014 to 2016 and in 2018, she was the highest ranked woman on the Indian edition of ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} "[[Celebrity 100]]" list, peaking at the fourth position in 2018 with an estimated annual earning of over {{INRConvert|1.12|b}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/deepika-padukone/1587/11 |title=Deepika Padukone |work=[[Forbes India]] |access-date=26 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224132532/http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/deepika-padukone/1587/11 |archive-date=24 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salman Khan beats Shah Rukh Khan; tops the '2016 Forbes India Celebrity 100 List' – Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/salman-khan-beats-shah-rukh-khan-tops-2016-forbes-india-celebrity-100-list/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=25 December 2016 |date=23 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224143231/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/salman-khan-beats-shah-rukh-khan-tops-2016-forbes-india-celebrity-100-list/ |archive-date=24 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2018-celebrity-100/1735/all |title=2018 Celebrity 100 |work=Forbes India |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205064833/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2018-celebrity-100/1735/all |archive-date=5 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 2018, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named Padukone one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]]; ''Variety'' magazine featured her in their list of the 50 most impactful women in the world, and the market research firm [[YouGov]] named her the world's thirteenth most admired woman.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Diesel |first=Vin |url=https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217557/deepika-padukone/ |title=Deepika Padukone |magazine=Time |access-date=21 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420220932/http://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217557/deepika-padukone/|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/gallery/international-womens-impact-report-2018/#!33/deepika-padukone-3 |title=Deepika Padukone |work=Variety |access-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020424/http://variety.com/gallery/international-womens-impact-report-2018/#!33/deepika-padukone-3|archive-date=22 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://yougov.co.uk/news/2018/04/11/worlds-most-admired-2018/ |title=World's most admired 2018 |publisher=[[YouGov]] |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141722/https://yougov.co.uk/news/2018/04/11/worlds-most-admired-2018/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> On [[International Women's Day]] in 2022, ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]'' listed her as one of the women redefining leadership roles.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Women Redefining Leadership |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/women-redefining-leadership-news-185771 |access-date=16 March 2022 |magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |date=8 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315191404/https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/women-redefining-leadership-news-185771 |archivedate=15 March 2022}}</ref> In the same year, Padukone was awarded the [[Time100 Impact Awards|''Time''100 Impact Award]] for her work with mental health advocacy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=Deepika Padukone Conferred With The TIME100 Impact Award |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/deepika-padukone-conferred-with-the-time100-impact-award |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=TheQuint |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007142055/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/deepika-padukone-conferred-with-the-time100-impact-award |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, she was featured by the Indian edition of ''[[Hello! (magazine)|Hello!]]'' magazine in their 100 most influential list.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bidapa |first=Prasad |url=https://in.hellomagazine.com/celebrities/20230902303328/100-most-influential-deepika-padukone/ |title=HELLO! 100 Most Influential: Deepika Padukone |work=[[Hello! (magazine)|Hello!]] |date=2 September 2023 |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126075045/https://in.hellomagazine.com/celebrities/20230902303328/100-most-influential-deepika-padukone/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''The Week'' estimated her net worth to be {{INRConvert|500|c}} in 2023<ref name="week2"/> and in 2024, ''[[GQ India]]'' ranked her fifth among richest Indian actresses.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sonavane |first=Gaurav | title=India's richest actress has surpassed Priyanka Chopra, Deepika Padukone, & Alia Bhatt |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/indias-richest-actress-has-surpassed-priyanka-chopra-deepika-padukone-and-alia-bhatt-with-her-staggering-net-worth-of-rs-4600-crore-hint-she-has-a-close-connection-with-shah-rukh-khan |work=[[GQ India]] |access-date=3 November 2024}}</ref>

Padukone ranks high on various listings of the most attractive Indian celebrities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/554302/style-icon-deepika-padukone/ |title=Style icon: Deepika Padukone |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=24 May 2013 |access-date=19 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608023546/http://tribune.com.pk/story/554302/style-icon-deepika-padukone/ |archive-date=8 June 2013 }}</ref> In 2008, she topped ''[[Maxim (India)|Indian ''Maxim'']]''{{'}}s "Hot 100" list,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-is-the-worlds-sexiest-woman/articleshow/3397300.cms |title=Deepika is the world's sexiest woman! |date=24 August 2008 |access-date=4 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194527/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-24/news-interviews/27910255_1_sexiest-woman-deepika-padukone-platform |archive-date=28 September 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> and in 2012, she was named "India's Most Beautiful Woman" by the Indian edition of ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine.<ref name="people most beautiful">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/deepika-padukone-named-india-most-beautiful-woman-369853-2013-05-20 |title=Deepika named India's Most Beautiful Woman |work=India Today |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928143955/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/deepika-padukone-named-india-most-beautiful-woman/1/9386.html |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Padukone has frequently featured in ''The Times of India''{{'}}s listing of the "Most Desirable Woman", topping the list in 2012 and 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-2013s-Most-desirable-woman/articleshow/35726757.cms? |title=Deepika Padukone: 2013's Most desirable woman |work=The Times of India |date=30 May 2014 |access-date=31 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531081711/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Deepika-Padukone-2013s-Most-desirable-woman/articleshow/35726757.cms |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news-interviews/38903243_1_entrant-desirable-women-desirable-men |title=Times top 50 Most Desirable Women of 2012 |date=29 April 2013 |access-date=19 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019103638/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-29/news-interviews/38903243_1_entrant-desirable-women-desirable-men |archive-date=19 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Priyanka-Chopra-The-Most-Desirable-woman-of-2015/articleshow/52187930.cms |title=Priyanka Chopra: The Most Desirable woman of 2015 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=10 May 2016 |date=10 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511112201/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Priyanka-Chopra-The-Most-Desirable-woman-of-2015/articleshow/52187930.cms |archive-date=11 May 2016 }}</ref> In 2010 and 2014, she was named the "World's Sexiest Woman" by the Indian edition of ''[[FHM (India)|FHM]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=KBR |first=Upala |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-displaces-katrina-kaif-in-fhm-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2014-1999264 |title=Deepika Padukone displaces Katrina Kaif in FHM 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2014 |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=5 July 2014 |date=3 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707022951/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-displaces-katrina-kaif-in-fhm-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2014-1999264 |archive-date=7 July 2014 }}</ref> and she was selected by the UK magazine ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' as the "Sexiest Asian Woman" in 2016 and 2018, and later, of the decade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/deepika-padukone-is-the-sexiest-asian-women/20161209.htm |title=Deepika Padukone is Asia's sexiest woman! |work=Rediff.com |access-date=8 February 2017 |date=9 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112005154/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/deepika-padukone-is-the-sexiest-asian-women/20161209.htm |archive-date=12 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/50-sexiest-asian-women-deepika-padukone-priyanka-chopra-5480941/ |title=50 Sexiest Asian Women: Deepika tops the list, Priyanka is in second position |work=The Indian Express |access-date=8 December 2018 |date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207135508/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/50-sexiest-asian-women-deepika-padukone-priyanka-chopra-5480941/ |archive-date=7 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 2019 |title=Alia Bhatt voted sexiest Asian female of the year, Deepika Padukone sexiest of decade in UK poll |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-voted-sexiest-asian-female-of-the-year-deepika-padukone-sexiest-of-decade-in-uk-poll-hina-khan-6162323/ |accessdate=19 January 2023 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119091711/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-voted-sexiest-asian-female-of-the-year-deepika-padukone-sexiest-of-decade-in-uk-poll-hina-khan-6162323/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Madame Tussauds]] unveiled her wax statue in London in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vyas |first=Shruti |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/deepika-padukone-wax-statue-madame-tussauds-london-sabyasachi-lehenga-ranveer-singh |title=Deepika Padukone's statue at Madame Tussauds wears a Sabyasachi lehenga |work=Vogue India |access-date=26 January 2024 |date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126084404/https://www.vogue.in/content/deepika-padukone-wax-statue-madame-tussauds-london-sabyasachi-lehenga-ranveer-singh |url-status=live }}</ref> Taking note of her dress sense, ''Filmfare'' credited her as one of the "few actresses who experiments with colours, cuts and silhouettes".<ref>{{cite news |last=Tandan |first=Raedita |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/poll-most-fashionable-star-3034.html |title=Poll: Most Fashionable Star |work=Filmfare |access-date=4 August 2013 |date=3 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927214908/http://www.filmfare.com/features/poll-most-fashionable-star-3034.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the fitness book ''The Four-Week Countdown Diet'', Padukone was cited by Namita Jain as "the ultimate role model for a healthy, fit and active lifestyle".<ref name="Jain2011">{{cite book |last=Jain |first=Namita |title=The Four-Week Countdown Diet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ru_R9r07RgC&pg=PR9 |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306781-8 |page=9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028162350/http://books.google.com/books?id=-Ru_R9r07RgC&pg=PR9 |archive-date=28 October 2013 }}</ref>

Padukone is an active endorser for several brands and products, including [[Tissot]], [[Maybelline]], [[Coca-Cola]], and [[L'Oréal Paris]], among others.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deepika Padukone brand ambassador for Tissot |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_deepika-padukone-brand-ambassador-for-tissot_1139085 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=13 December 2007 |access-date=9 March 2013}} {{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone is Sony brand ambassador |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/62603/deepika-padukone-sony-brand-ambassador.html |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927121724/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/62603/deepika-padukone-sony-brand-ambassador.html |archive-date=27 September 2013 }} {{cite video |title=Nescafe announces Deepika Padukone as brand ambassador |url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/nescafe-announces-deepika-padukone-as-brand-ambassador/150166 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928210902/http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/nescafe-announces-deepika-padukone-as-brand-ambassador/150166 |archive-date=28 September 2013 }} {{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone lives her DDLJ moment in Chennai Express |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-lives-her-ddlj-moment-in-chennai-express-1849731 |access-date=22 January 2014 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |date=18 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202203154/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-lives-her-ddlj-moment-in-chennai-express-1849731 |archive-date=2 February 2014 }} {{cite web |last=Singh |first=Aarti K. |title=All at 20! May be she is born with it |date=3 August 2006 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/all-at-20-may-be-she-is-born-with-it/17520-8.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=30 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007061205/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/all-at-20-may-be-she-is-born-with-it/17520-8.html |archive-date=7 October 2014}} {{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Jagdeep |title=Twenty Four Brand Mantras: Finding a Place in the Minds and Hearts of Consumers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fmmkwDy9_QIC&pg=PA68 |date=9 February 2009 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-81-7829-943-3 |page=68 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504103925/https://books.google.com/books?id=fmmkwDy9_QIC&pg=PA68 |archive-date=4 May 2016 }}</ref> In 2014, ''Business Standard'' reported that Padukone earned {{INRConvert|50|m}} to {{INRConvert|60|m}} per endorsement deal and [[TAM Media Research|TAM AdEX]] named Padukone the most visible face on television in India that year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pinto |first1=Viveat Susan |title=Deepika: Leading lady in brand fees |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/management/deepika-leading-lady-in-brand-fees-114030700027_1.html |access-date=5 March 2017 |work=Business Standard |date=11 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704181135/http://www.business-standard.com/article/management/deepika-leading-lady-in-brand-fees-114030700027_1.html |archive-date=4 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deepika Padukone is leading the advertisement space |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-is-leading-the-advertisement-space-2045937 |access-date=5 March 2017 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=21 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306032102/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepika-padukone-is-leading-the-advertisement-space-2045937 |archive-date=6 March 2017 }}</ref> She has regularly featured in [[Duff & Phelps]]' listings of Indian celebrities with the highest brand value, peaking at the second position in 2018 with an estimated brand value of US$102.5 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Laghate |first=Gaurav |title=Virat Kohli tops powerful celebrity brands list with a brand value of $170.9 million |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/virat-kohli-tops-powerful-celebrity-brands-list-with-a-brand-value-of-170-9-million/articleshow/67469396.cms |access-date=26 January 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=10 January 2019 |archive-date=18 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118170726/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/virat-kohli-tops-powerful-celebrity-brands-list-with-a-brand-value-of-170-9-million/articleshow/67469396.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, she became the first Indian brand ambassador for [[Louis Vuitton]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Tewari |first=Saumya |title=Deepika Padukone becomes first Indian actor to feature in Louis Vuitton campaign |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/deepika-padukone-becomes-first-indian-actor-to-feature-in-louis-vuitton-campaign-11579781913267.html |access-date=24 January 2020 |work=Mint |date=23 January 2020 |archive-date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124155029/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/deepika-padukone-becomes-first-indian-actor-to-feature-in-louis-vuitton-campaign-11579781913267.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and in 2022, she was named a brand ambassador for the luxury jewellery brand [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Dawda |first=Jasmine |title=Deepika Padukone becomes Cartier's new brand ambassador |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/buzz/deepika-padukone-becomes-cartiers-new-brand-ambassador/articleshow/94705916.cms |access-date=8 October 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=18 January 2023 |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008035140/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/buzz/deepika-padukone-becomes-cartiers-new-brand-ambassador/articleshow/94705916.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2024, Padukone topped [[IMDb]]'s List of 100 Most Viewed Indian Stars.<ref>{{Cite web |accessdate=29 August 2024 |title=Deepika Padukone, Shah Rukh Khan Top IMDb's List of Most Viewed Indian Stars |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/deepika-padukone-shah-rukh-khan-imdb-indian-stars-list-1236018332/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122092159/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/deepika-padukone-shah-rukh-khan-imdb-indian-stars-list-1236018332/ |archive-date=22 November 2024 |website=Variety |date=29 May 2024 }}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Deepika Padukone}}

Padukone has been the recipient of three [[Filmfare Awards]] from 10 nominations: Best Female Debut for ''Om Shanti Om'' (2007), and two Best Actress awards for ''Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela'' (2013) and ''Piku'' (2015).<ref name="heroine" /><ref name="ff13" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite news |author1=Ajwani, Deepak |author2=Paul, Cuckoo |title=Deepika Padukone: Living a Fairytale |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/2013-celebrity-100/deepika-padukone-living-a-fairytale/36753/0 |work=Forbes |date=26 December 2013 |access-date=4 March 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304135227/http://forbesindia.com/article/2013-celebrity-100/deepika-padukone-living-a-fairytale/36753/0 |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=2138653}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|deepika_padukone|Deepika Padukone}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards received by Deepika Padukone
| list =
{{FilmfareAwardBestActress}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{IIFAAwardBestActress}}
{{IIFAAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{ScreenAwardBestActress}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFemaleDebut}}
{{StarGuildAwardBestActress}}
{{StardustAwardFemaleActor}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestActorFemale}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut}}
}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Deepika Padukone
|d = yes
|d-search = Q159178
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = India
|portal3 = Films
|portal4 = Bollywood
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padukone, Deepika}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Female models from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian women columnists]]
[[Category:Indira Gandhi National Open University alumni]]
[[Category:Konkani people]]
[[Category:Mental health activists]]
[[Category:Actresses from Copenhagen]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate actresses in the United States]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Mount Carmel College, Bangalore alumni]]

Junaid Memon

2026-03-12T06:08:10Z

Sergqpm: improve formatting as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker (Born 1975)}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Junaid Memon (Zunaid Memon)
| image = Zunaid Memon.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| other_names =
| birth_name = Zunaid Memon
| birth_date = 2nd February
| birth_place = [[Bemetara]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| years_active = 1994 – present
| occupation = Owner at Green TV Founder of [[ARDEA Foundation]] Co-Founder of Nomad Films Limited
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''Junaid Memon''' (also spelled Zunaid Memon) is an Indian [[film producer]] and [[Film director|director]]. He is the founder of Nomad Films Ltd., which produces feature films, commercials, and documentaries. He founded the non-profits [[ARDEA Foundation]] and Green TV India, to promote [[sustainable agriculture]] among Indian farmers.

== Career ==
In 1997, Memon founded Nomad Films Ltd., a Mumbai-based production company. He worked on producing, scripting, and directing several projects, including the feature film ''[[The Film (film)|The Film]]'' (2005)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2005-11-25 |title=The Film Review 1.5/5 {{!}} The Film Movie Review {{!}} The Film 2005 Public Review {{!}} Film Review |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-film/critic-review/the-film-movie-review/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |language=en}}</ref> and Marathi productions like "Anolkhi Hey Ghar Maze" (2009) and "''Upside Down'' (2012).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2017-01-10 |title=Marathi movie goes for Artisan Festival International |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/marathi-movie-goes-for-artisan-festival-international/articleshow/14016817.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-12 |title=Global wooing |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/global-wooing/articleshow/13599231.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2013 he founded the [[ARDEA Foundation]], a nonprofit organization.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2021-09-03 |title=A Glimmer of Hope with Glasgow Climate Change Conference |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/infotainment/article/a-glimmer-of-hope-with-glasgow-climate-change-conference-23190830 |access-date=2023-08-05 |first=Junaid|last=Memon|via=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>

In 2014 he established Green TV India, a private agricultural and rural knowledge bank.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-31 |title=Going green…and how! |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/going-greenand-how/article6552282.ece |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-751X|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Shobhit |title=News & Events - Shobhit University |url=https://www.shobhituniversity.ac.in/news-and-event-detail.php?newsid=81 |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=www.shobhituniversity.ac.in |language=en}}</ref> The group works to disseminate agricultural information to benefit rural communities.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Allan |last=Jacob |title=Green TV: India's only private channel for farmers |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/local-business/green-tv-indias-only-private-channel-for-farmers |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year || Title || Notes
|-
|1999 || ''[[Last Train to Mahakali]]'' || Exct. Producer
|-
|2003 || ''[[Waisa Bhi Hota Hai Part II]]'' || Original Script
|-
|2005 || ''[[The Film (film)|The Film]]'' || Producer / Director / Writer<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Indrani Roy |title=The Film: Laudable effort |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/25film.htm |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2006|| ''[[Khosla Ka Ghosla]]'' || Exct. Producer
|-
|2008 || ''[[Mumbai Cutting]]'' || Co-Producer
|-
|2008 || ''[[Naan Aval Adhu]]'' || Co-Producer
|-
|2009 || ''[[Anolkhi Hey Ghar Maze]]'' || Producer<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Anokhi Hey Ghar Maze: IMDB Page |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0986341/reference/|access-date=2026-02-17 |website=imdb |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2012 || ''Upside Down (Khalti Doka Varti Paay)'' || Producer<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Upside Down: IMDB Page |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2105043/reference/|access-date=2026-02-17 |website=imdb |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2013 || ''[[Yaar Mera Rab Warga (film)|Yaar Mera Rab Warga]]'' || Producer <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Yaar Mera Rab Warga: IMDB Page |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2388817/reference//|access-date=2026-02-17 |website=imdb |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024 || ''[[Joram (film)|Joram]]'' || Film Finance & Production Counsel
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year || Title1 || Notes
|-
|1999-2000 || ''[[Star Bestsellers]]'' || Production Manager / Actor
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|1958399}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Memon, Junaid}}
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kaiyum Thlayum Purathidaruthe

2026-03-05T05:43:44Z

Sergqpm:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaiyum Thalayum Purathidaruthu
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[P. Sreekumar]]
| producer =
| writer = [[Thoppil Bhasi]]
| screenplay = Thoppil Bhasi
| starring = [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] [[Sabitha Anand]] [[Sukumari]]
| music = [[Raveendran]]
| cinematography = Vipin Das
| editing = P. R. Nair
| studio = Devikshethra
| distributor = Devikshethra
| released = {{Film date|1985|11|5|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kaiyum Thalayum Purathidaruthu''''' is a 1985 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[P. Sreekumar]]. The film stars [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Devan (actor)|Devan]], [[Sabitha Anand]] and [[Sukumari]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Raveendran]]. The film based on famous drama of [[K.P.A.C.|K.P.A.C]] written by [[Thoppil Bhasi]] as same title<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1788|title=Kayyum Thalayum Purathidaruthu|accessdate=2014-10-21|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.msidb.org/m.php?5013|title=Kayyum Thalayum Purathidaruthu|accessdate=2014-10-21|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/kaiyum-thalayum-purathidaruthu-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022015738/http://spicyonion.com/title/kaiyum-thalayum-purathidaruthu-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 October 2014|title=Kaiyum Thalayum Purathidaruthu|accessdate=2014-10-21|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Passenger
*[[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Mahadevan
*[[Sabitha Anand]] as Passenger
*[[Sukumari]] as Narayani
*[[Nedumudi Venu]] as Secretary
*[[Shubha (actress)|Shubha]] as Leela
*[[Bharath Gopi]] as Conductor
*[[Cochin Haneefa]] as Maneesh
*James as Passenger
*[[Kothuku Nanappan]] as President
*[[Kunjandi]] as Politician
*[[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Appu
*[[Lalithasree]] as Gouri
*[[Nellikode Bhaskaran]] as Kittummavan
*Poojappura Radhakrishnan as Passenger
*[[Poojappura Ravi]] as Police
*Ragini as Sudha
*Rajam K. Nair as Leela's mother
*Rasheed as Police Inspector
*[[Santhakumari]] as Sharada
*[[Thodupuzha Vasanthi]] as Vanitha Member
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Raveendran]] and the lyrics were written by [[Mullanezhi]] and [[Poovachal Khader]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Aakaasha Neelima" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Mullanezhi]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Aathira Thirumuttathu" || K. J. Yesudas, [[K. S. Chithra]] || Mullanezhi ||
|-
| 3 || "Ambalappoove Nin" || [[S. Janaki]] || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 4 || "Manthramurangum" || K. J. Yesudas || Mullanezhi ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0274599|Kaiyum Thalayum Purathidaruthu}}

[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:1985 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Vadbhag Singh Sodhi

2026-03-04T14:08:00Z

Sergqpm: Put Up The Biography And Citations

{{Short description|Figure in Dhirmalia Sikhism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Sikhism]]
| image = Vadbhag Singh.png
| caption = Vadbhag Singh (right, damaged depiction). Illustration from a [[janamsakhi]] about his life.
| birth_place = Kartarpur, Punjab, India
| birth_date = 1716
| death_date = 31 December 1761
| death_place = Mairi Himachal Pradesh, India
| sect = Dhirmalias
| parents = Ram Singh Sodhi (father) Raj Kaur (mother)
}}

'''Vadbhag Singh Sodhi''' (1716 – 31 December 1761; his name is also spelt as '''Wadbhag Singh Sodhi''', alternatively known as '''Sodhi Vadbhag Singh''') was a direct descendant of [[Guru Hargobind]] and a prominent figure of the heretical [[Sects of Sikhism#Dhirmalias|Dhirmalia sect]] of [[Sikhism]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Health and religious rituals in South Asia : disease, possession, and healing |date=2011 |publisher=Routledge |others=Fabrizio M. Ferrari |isbn=9781136846298 |pages=56–57 |oclc=739388185}}</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Early life ===
Baba Vadbhag Singh was born at [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]], a town near Jalandhar, Punjab of the Doaba region in 1716 A.D. He was the son of Baba Ram Singh and Mata Raj Kaur. He was a descendant of Dhir Mal, the first cousin of Guru Gobind Singh. He succeeded to the hereditary ''[[Gaddi Nashin|gaddi]]'' (religious seat) of [[Sodhi]]s of [[Kartarpur, India|Kartarpur]].<ref name=":0" />

Wadbhag Singh is believed to have approached [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] in-order to request a reconsideration on the old injunction against the Dhirmalias by the Khalsa.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab |date=Oct 8, 1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521637640 |pages=96–97}}</ref> After some deliberation, it was decided that the Dhirmalias could re-join the Sikh fold.<ref name=":04" />

=== Sodhi's Revenge ===
[[File:Gurdwara Tham Sahib.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Gurdwara Tham Sahib]]
In March 1757, Afghans destroyed Kartarpur and set fire to a historical pillar known as Thambh Sahib. Many civilians were killed and Kartarpur was looted. Sodhi was the custodian of Kartarpur, but was not present during the incident.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Teja |url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofsi0001sing |title=A short history of the Sikhs. Volume one, 1469-1765 |date=1999 |location=Patiala : Publication Bureau |publisher= Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-007-8 |pages=148}}</ref>

He created an alliance with [[Adina Beg]], the last Mughal governor of [[Subah of Lahore|Punjab]], at his request. The alliance was against the Afghan invaders and occupiers, and included [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Teja |title=A short history of the Sikhs. Volume one, 1469-1765 |date=1989 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |others=Ganda Singh |isbn=9788173800078 |edition=3rd |location=Patiala |pages=148–152 |oclc=1345653121}}</ref>

In the [[Battle of Mahilpur (1757)]] Sodhi was one of the generals of the Sikh army which was aided by Adina Beg.<ref name=":14">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ganda |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5426/page/n215/mode/2up |title=Ahmad Shah Durrani father of modern Afghanistan |publisher=Asia Publishing House |year=1959 |pages=196–198}}</ref> A hard-fought battle occurred which the Sikhs and Adina Beg won despite Afghan use of [[Artillery|light artillery]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari |url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IiEvolutionOfSikhConfederacies1707-69/page/n157/mode/2up |title=History of the Sikhs volume II Evolution of the Sikh confederacies (1707-1769) |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-215-0248-1 |pages=137–140}}</ref><ref name=":14"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Rajmohan |url=https://archive.org/details/punjab-a-history-from-aurangzeb-to-mountbatten_202206/page/n145/mode/2up |title=Punjab:A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten |publisher=Aleph Book Company |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-83064-4 1-0 |pages=198–199}}</ref>

After the battle the [[Sikh]] forces attacked [[Jalandhar]] and defeated resistance that was put up. Sodhi had Jalandhar destroyed and looted in revenge for what happened in Kartarpur. Sodhi dug up the body of Nasir Ali, the faujadar of Jalandhar, and had it dragged. Nasir Ali was involved in the Kartarpur episode. He also burned the corpse.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&pg=PA201 |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |date=2000 |publisher=Hemkunt Press |isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |pages=201 |language=en}}</ref> He further defiled the tomb with pork.<ref name=":14"/><ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari |url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IiEvolutionOfSikhConfederacies1707-69/page/n157/mode/2up |title=History of the Sikhs volume II Evolution of the Sikh confederacies (1707-1769) |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-215-0248-1 |pages=137–140}}</ref> Muslim women were seized and were converted to [[Sikhi]] after which they could marry any [[Sikh]] they pleased.<ref name=":3" />

=== Death ===
After the battle Sodhi lived Mairi for the remainder of his life. He died on 31 December 1761. A shrine now stands at this location.<ref name=":0" />

== Shrine ==
{{Cleanup lang|section|date=March 2023}}
[[File:Guru Bhag Singh Kartarpur Punjab India.JPG|thumb|[[Punjabi folk religion|Punjabi folk shrine]] to Vadbhag Singh in Kartarpur, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.]]
Ḍerā Bābā Baḍbhāg Singh Gurūdvārā ([[Devanagari]]: डेरा बाबा बड़भाग सिंह) ([[Gurmukhi]]): ਡੇਰਾ ਬਾਬਾ ਬਡਭਾਗ ਸਿੰਘ is a shrine of [[Dera (organization)|Dera]] Baba Vadbhag Singh. It is located in Mairi village in the Indian state of [[State of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]. It is known for Hollah Mohalla(Holi mela). Visitors come from North Indian states and union territories including [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Delhi]], [[Chandigarh]] and Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Delhi to Amb Andaura: 3 COV-Reserved Trains - Railway Enquiry |url=http://indiarailinfo.com/search/dli-old-delhi-junction-to-aadr-amb-andaura/349/0/9632}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dera Baba Vadbhag Singh · Dera Baba Wadbhag Singh Rd - Mairi, Mairi, Himachal Pradesh 177211, India |url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Dera+Baba+Vadbhag+Singh/@31.7088676,76.1802008,1287m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xf506d5d3f163e4f8!8m2!3d31.7111603!4d76.1793709}}</ref>

=== Hola Mohalla fair ===
The Hola Mohalla fair is held at Dera Vadbhag Singh on the full moon day in the [[Vikram Samvat|Vikrami]] month of [[Falgun|Phalgun]] (February–March). The fair lasts for ten days, from a week before the full-moon to two days after. The fair is attended by people who seek protection against malign influences.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sikhism}}
{{coord missing|Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Gurdwaras in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Una, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Religious tourism in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Una district]]
[[Category:1716 births]]
[[Category:1761 deaths]]

New India Cooperative Bank

2026-03-04T08:50:53Z

Sergqpm: Created a entry more to come.

{{Short description|Indian cooperative bank}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = New India Cooperative Bank
| logo = New India Co-operative Bank Logo.png
| logo_size = 280px
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| trade_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| romanized_name =
| former_name = Bombay Labour Cooperative Bank Ltd.
| type = [[Cooperative Bank|Cooperative bank]]
| traded_as =
| ISIN =
| industry = [[Banking]], [[Financial services]]
| genre =
| predecessor =
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1967|12|06}} in [[Mumbai]], India
| founder = [[George Fernandes]] [[Ranjit Bhanu]]
| defunct =
| fate =
| successor =
| hq_location =
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra
| hq_location_country = India
| num_locations = 30 branches
| num_locations_year = 2024
| area_served = [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]]
| key_people = Shreekant (Administrator)
| products = Loans, banking services
| production =
| production_year =
| brands =
| services = Retail banking, loans (home, personal, small business)
| revenue =
| revenue_year =
| operating_income =
| income_year =
| net_income = {{decrease}}₹22.77 crore loss (2023–24)<ref name=indianexpress/>
| net_income_year = 2024
| aum =
| assets =
| assets_year =
| equity =
| equity_year =
| owner =
| members =
| members_year =
| num_employees =
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| divisions =
| subsid =
| module =
| ratio = 9.06% (CRAR, 2024)
| rating =
| website = https://www.newindiabank.in/
| footnotes =
| embed =
}}
'''New India Cooperative Bank Limited''' (also known as '''NICB''') is a Mumbai-based [[Cooperative banking|cooperative bank]],<ref>{{cite news |title=New India Co-op Bank gets shareholders' nod to become an SFB |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/new-india-co-op-bank-gets-shareholders-nod-to-become-an-sfb/article30608534.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu Business Line]] |date=20 January 2020}}</ref> which was incorporated on 6 December 1967.<ref>{{cite web |title=53rd Annual Report 2019-2020 |url=https://www.newindiabank.in/pdf_new/useful_infos/annual_report2019_20.pdf |website=newindiabank.in}}</ref> It provides a range of financial services, including home, personal, and small business loans.<ref>{{cite news |title=New India Co-operative Bank Ltd |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/8155326Z:IN |publisher=Bloomberg |date=20 February 2025}}</ref> As of March 2024, the bank operated 30 branches across [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]], managing deposits of ₹2,436 crore<ref name=indianexpress/> and serving over 130,000 depositors.<ref name=hindustan>{{cite news |last1=Dalvi |first1=Vinay |title=New India bank customers mull long road ahead, file complaint |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/new-india-bank-customers-mull-long-road-ahead-file-complaint-101739733829632.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=20 February 2025}}</ref> The bank reported losses of ₹22.78 crore in 2023–24 and ₹30.74 crore in 2022–23.<ref name=indianexpress/>

Since February 2025, the bank has been under scrutiny by the Reserve Bank of India over an alleged ₹122 crore scam.<ref>{{cite news |title=India's RBI imposes business curbs at New India Co-operative Bank on supervisory concerns |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/india-central-bank-bars-new-india-co-operative-bank-issuing-new-loans-taking-2025-02-13/ |publisher=[[Reuters ]] |date=13 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=indianexpress/>

== History ==
[[File:George Fernandes (cropped).jpg|180px|thumb|[[George Fernandes]] was the co-founder of the New India Co-operative Bank]]
New India Cooperative Bank was established in 1968 with the support of socialist leader and former Defence Minister [[George Fernandes]].<ref name=deccanherald>{{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Mrityunjay |title=Bank founded by ex-minister George Fernandes faces crisis |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bank-founded-by-ex-minister-george-fernandes-faces-crisis-3407491 |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=15 February 2025}}</ref> The bank was founded with the objective of providing financial services to underserved communities and promoting cooperative banking in India.<ref name=hindustan/><ref>{{cite journal |title=New India Cooperative Bank: twenty years of growth and service |journal=The OtherSide |date=1988 |issue=72–83 |pages=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcogAQAAMAAJ&q=Bombay+Labour+Cooperative+Bank |publisher=Ravi Nair for Pratipaksh Prakashan}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=India Today |journal=[[India Today]] |date=1986 |issue=11 |pages=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYAMAQAAMAAJ&q=Bombay+Labour+Cooperative+Bank |publisher=[[Living Media India]]}}</ref>

The bank was initially headquartered at the residence of [[Ranjit Bhanu]], a criminal lawyer, trade unionist, former MLA, and co-founder,<ref name=deccanherald/> at Bazargate in [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]]. It commenced operations with 555 members who had contributing an initial share capital of ₹1 lakh.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Dhaval |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Ashish |title=How New India Cooperative Bank's better days had a George Fernandes link |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-new-india-cooperative-banks-better-days-had-a-george-fernandes-link-2687177-2025-02-28 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=28 February 2025}}</ref>

It was then known as the '''Bombay Labour Cooperative Bank Ltd'''.<ref name=deccanherald/> It was renamed New India Cooperative Bank in 1977 after the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Rohit |title=New India Co-op Bank: Financial parameters shrink, not the spirit |url=https://www.indiancooperative.com/banks/new-india-co-op-bank-financial-parameters-shrink-not-the-spirit/ |publisher=Indian Cooperative |date=31 October 2018}}</ref> The bank's founders took inspiration from the [[Bank der Deutschen Arbeit |German Labour Bank]] model, which provided services to both workers and businesses.<ref name=deccanherald/>

On 14 February 2025, the [[Reserve Bank of India]] appointed Shreekant, former Chief General Manager of [[State Bank of India]], as the Administrator of the bank. A Committee of Advisors, including Ravindra Sapra (former General Manager, SBI) and a chartered accountant, was also appointed to assist in managing the bank.<ref>{{cite news |title=RBI supersedes New India Co-operative Bank Board for 12 months, appoints administrator |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/banking-finance-rbi-supersedes-new-india-co-operative-bank-board-for-12-months-appoints-administrator-3749505/ |publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

== Finance ==
As of 31 March 2024, New India Cooperative Bank reduced its losses to ₹22.77 crore from ₹30.74 crore in the previous year. The bank's advances portfolio declined by ₹155.04 crore (11.66%) to ₹1,174.84 crore, while deposits increased by 1.26% to ₹2,436.37 crore.<ref name=indiancooperative/>

The Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) stood at 9.06%, below the RBI's required 10%. The bank undertook cost-cutting measures, including branch mergers and relocations, and generated ₹31.23 crore from the sale of three properties. As of March 2024, the bank’s gross NPA was 7.96%, and net NPA was 5.43%.<ref name=indiancooperative>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Rohit |title=New India Co-op Bank cuts losses; hopeful of turnaround |url=https://www.indiancooperative.com/banks/new-india-co-op-bank-cuts-losses-hopeful-of-turnaround/ |publisher=Indian Cooperative |date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

In the 2020-21 financial year, the bank recorded a net loss of ₹6.14 crore. In 2019-20, the bank had reported a net profit of ₹5.17 crore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Rohit |title=New India Co-op Bank suffers loss, fails to give dividends |url=https://www.indiancooperative.com/banks/new-india-co-op-bank-suffers-loss-fails-to-give-dividends/ |publisher=Indian Cooperative |date=23 November 2021}}</ref>

== Alleged financial irregularities ==
In February 2025, the Economic Offences Wing of the [[Mumbai Police]] arrested Hitesh Mehta, former general manager and head of accounts at New India Cooperative Bank, for allegedly misappropriating ₹122 crore from the bank's cash reserves. Dharmesh Paun, a real estate developer, was also arrested for allegedly facilitating the diversion of funds.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pathak |first1=Manish Kumar |title=New India bank scam: Realtor who got ₹70 crore from loot arrested |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/new-india-bank-scam-realtor-who-got-70-crore-from-loot-arrested-101739733473768.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=17 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=indianexpress/>

An inspection by the [[Reserve Bank of India]] on 12 February 2025, identified discrepancies in the bank's cash records, revealing ₹112 crore missing from the [[Prabhadevi]] branch safe and ₹10 crore from the Goregaon branch safe. Following this, the RBI imposed withdrawal restrictions on the bank.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Ayush |title=RBI halts New India Co-op Bank operations: How to secure your savings |url=https://www.business-standard.com/finance/personal-finance/rbi-halts-new-india-co-op-bank-operations-how-to-secure-your-savings-125021900657_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=19 February 2025}}</ref> It has been allege that the misappropriation took place over six years, between 2019 and 2025.<ref name=indianexpress>{{cite news |last1=Yadav |first1=Vijay Kumar |title=New India Cooperative Bank scam: Ex-GM was giving depositor's money to traders as unsecured loans during Covid |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/new-india-cooperative-bank-scam-ex-gm-was-giving-depositors-money-to-traders-as-unsecured-loans-during-covid-9841364/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=18 February 2025}}</ref>

The Reserve Bank of India also superseded the board of New India Cooperative Bank for 12 months following financial and operational restrictions related to irregular lending practices.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=Nikita |title=New India Co-operative Bank fraud case: How will the RBI crackdown impact account holders, depositors? |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/new-india-co-operative-bank-fraud-how-will-the-rbi-crackdown-mumbai-police-case-impact-account-holders-depositers-11739632791479.html |publisher=[[Livemint]] |date=15 February 2025}}</ref>

The Economic Offences Wing of [[Mumbai Police]] arrested former New India Cooperative Bank CEO Abhimanyu Bhoan on 20 February 2025 in connection with the ₹122 crore scam, making it the third arrest in the case.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajput |first1=Sagar |title=Former CEO of New India Coop Bank arrested in Rs 122-cr scam |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/eow-police-arrest-former-new-india-cooperative-bank-abhimanyu-bhoan-ceo-rs-122-crore-scam-9849139/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=21 February 2025}}</ref>

As of 18 March 2025, a total of seven arrests have been made in connection with the case.<ref>{{cite news |title=Businessman held in New India Bank scam; seventh arrest so far |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/businessman-held-in-new-india-bank-scam-seventh-arrest-so-far/articleshow/119169119.cms?from=mdr |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=18 March 2025}}</ref>

In March 2025, the Economic Offences Wing seized properties worth ₹28 crore belonging to Hiren Bhanu, former Chairman of the bank, son of co-founder [[Ranjit Bhanu]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dalvi |first1=Vinay |title=New India Co-op Bank fraud: Ex-chairperson Hiren Bhanu named as accused, one more arrest |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/new-india-co-op-bank-fraud-ex-chairperson-hiren-bhanu-named-as-accused-one-more-arrest-101740771162722.html |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=1 March 2025}}</ref> and an alleged mastermind of the ₹122 crore scam, under Section 106 of BNS. Hiren Bhanu and his wife, Gauri Bhanu, former Vice Chairperson of the bank, have fled abroad, and a Blue Corner notice has been issued for their extradition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Apraj |first1=Poonam |title=₹122 Crore New India Co-op Bank Scam: EOW Seizes ₹28 Crore Properties Of Bhanu Couple |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/122-crore-new-india-co-op-bank-scam-eow-seizes-28-crore-properties-of-bhanu-couple |publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=19 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New India Coop Bank: EOW searches ex-chairman's home in Rs 122 cr fraud |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/new-india-coop-bank-eow-searches-ex-chairman-s-home-in-rs-122-cr-fraud-125030501215_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=5 March 2025}}</ref>

== Penalties ==
In August 2021, the Reserve Bank of India had imposed a ₹25 lakh penalty on the bank for non-compliance with fraud monitoring and reporting guidelines, based on statutory inspections of its financial position as of March 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=RBI imposes monetary penalty on New India Co-operative Bank, Jalgaon People's Co-operative Bank |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/rbi-imposes-monetary-penalty-on-new-india-co-operative-bank-jalgaon-peoples-co-operative-bank-7398541.html |publisher=[[Moneycontrol.com]] |date=27 August 2021}}</ref> In January 2024, a ₹15 lakh penalty was imposed on New India Cooperative Bank by RBI for non-compliance with guidelines on donations and contributions from urban cooperative banks' profits.<ref>{{cite news |title=RBI imposes monetary penalty on five cooperative banks |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/rbi-imposes-monetary-penalty-on-nkgsb-co-operative-bank-ltd-12079011.html |publisher=[[Moneycontrol.com]] |date=18 January 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[Co-operative banking]]
* [[Banking in India]]
* [[List of banks in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Banking in India}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:New India Cooperative Bank}}
[[Category:Banks established in 1967]]
[[Category:Cooperative banks of India]]
[[Category:Banks based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1967]]

Hendrik van Rheede

2026-03-03T21:44:22Z

Sergqpm: quick update

{{Short description|Dutch military officer and colonial administrator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hendrik van Rheede
| image = HenricusAdrianusVanRheede (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 220
| birth_date = 13 April 1636
| birth_place = [[Amsterdam]], [[Dutch Republic]]
| death_date = 15 December 1691
| death_place = At sea
}}

'''Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein''' (13 April 1636 – 15 December 1691) was a Dutch military officer and colonial administrator of the [[Dutch East India Company]]. Between 1669 and 1676 he served as a governor of [[Dutch Malabar]] at [[Kochi]] and employed twenty-five people on his book ''[[Hortus Malabaricus]]'', describing 740 plants in the region. As Lord of Mydrecht, he also played a role in the governance of the Cape colonies. Many plants such as the vine ''[[Entada rheedei]]'' are named for him. {{botanist|Rheede|border=0|inline=1}}

== Biography ==
Van Rheede was born into a family of noblemen that played a leading role in the political, administrative and cultural life of the province of [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]]. His mother, Elisabeth van Utenhove, died in 1637 while his father, Ernst van Rheede, Council at the [[Admiralty of Amsterdam]], died when he was four. Hendrik Adriaan, the youngest of seven children, left home at the age of fourteen. In 1656 he joined as a soldier in the [[Dutch East India Company]] (V.O.C., Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) and served alongside [[Johan Bax van Herenthals]] (who would also take an interest in natural history).<ref>{{cite journal|title=The origins of Clifford's herbarium|first1=D. Onno|last1=Wijnands|first2=Johannes|last2=Heniger|year=1991|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1991.tb02288.x |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=106|issue=2|pages=129–146}}</ref> Van Rheede served under Admiral [[Rijcklof van Goens]] in campaigns against the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] on the west coast of India in erstwhile [[Dutch Malabar]]. He gained rapid promotion becoming an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]].  In 1663, during a siege of [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]], he was ordered to arrest the old queen of Cochin Rani Gangadhara Lakshmi to keep her safe, and this act saved her life from the massacre of the royal family. The subsequent king of Cochin, Vir Kerala Verma was crowned by the VOC and Van Rheede was appointed as the 'regedore maior' or the first councillor of the kingdom of Cochin. Van Rheede maintained cordial relations with the king and helped him in administration as well as mediation with the other kingdoms of Malabar. During the next two years, van Rheede traveled extensively in Malabar on behalf of VOC to get trade monopolies from the Malabar princes by negotiations and occasionally using military forces against reluctant princes. In 1665 he was appointed as commander in [[Jaffna]] and had [[Johan Nieuhof]] who at the time was the Dutch chief at Tuticorin, arrested for smuggling [[pearls]]<ref>Heniger (1986):22.</ref> and sent to Batavia for trial.

In 1667 van Rheede was back in Malabar as the Chief of Quilon to undertake the management of the Company factory there. Quilon was the centre of the pepper, cinnamon and opium trade in South Malabar. However Van Rheede did not like his work there and tendered his resignation and was transferred back to Ceylon as the first captain in command of all troops of the Company there. In 1669 Van Rheede seems to have been forced to resign from the Dutch East India Company by Van Goens.<ref name=currsci>Ram (2005)</ref> The resignation was made as he opposed the repressive measures of Van Goens and instead favoured negotiation, but in 1670 he is appointed as commander of Dutch Malabar. In 1671 he fought with the [[Zamorin|Zamorin of Calicut]]. In 1672 he had to deal with the former VOC-employee [[François Caron]], then serving the [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]].{{fact|date=September 2024}}

In 1677 Van Rheede moved to Jakarta, being appointed in the Counsel of India. He stayed for about six months but the conflict with Van Goens grew fiercer. He returned to [[Amsterdam]] in June 1678. Since 1680 he could call himself Lord of [[Mijdrecht]] (Mydrecht). In 1681 he signed a contract with the botanists [[Jan Commelin]] and [[Johannes Munnicks]] and began work on the manuscript of the [[Hortus Malabaricus]].{{fact|date=September 2024}}

In 1684 he was empowered by the "directors" (Council of Seventeen) of the Company to inspect the [[Cape Colony]], [[Ceylon]] and [[Dutch India]] to combat corruption within their employees.<ref>Adams (1996)</ref> He appointed Isaac Soolmans to accompany him. They visited [[Simon van der Stel]] in [[Cape of Good Hope]], and [[Groot Constantia]]; the area [[Drakenstein Local Municipality|Groot Drakenstein]] was named after him.<ref>Mentzel (1944):61.</ref> Van Rheede recommended measures for [[forestry]] and [[viniculture]]. Rheede, the Lord of Mydrecht, also made rules on how slaves would be treated and he decreed that slave children had to be taught to read and write with any flogging requiring permission.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofsouthaf00fairuoft#page/56/mode/2up|page=56|author=Fairbridge, Dorothea|title=A history of South Africa|year=1918|publisher=Oxford University Press|place=London}}</ref> In 1687 Governor Van der Stel opened this region to farmers. Van Rheede was a bachelor, but had adopted a girl from Malabar with an unknown Dutch father.<ref>Heniger (1986):87, 90.</ref> He met with Van Goens junior, an ambitious administrator on his way to Batavia. Both men didn't like each other at all. Some time before Van Goens had given orders—afraid for competition anywhere else in the world—to extirpate all the acclimatizating [[cinnamon tree]]s which were destined for the Amsterdam Municipal Garden. It is possible that the rare trees for the [[Grand Pensionary]] [[Gaspar Fagel]] were then also destroyed.<ref>Heniger (1986):72.</ref>

Van Rheede sailed to [[Colombo]] and after two months to Bengal. He visited many VOC trading posts, especially around [[Hooghly (town)|Hooghly]]. His next destination was the [[Dutch Coromandel|Coromandel]] and he stayed for one year in [[Nagapattinam]]. In 1690 he founded a seminary in [[Jaffna]]. Then he went to [[Tuticorin]] and Malabar. In the end of November 1691 he sailed to [[Dutch Suratte]], but died at sea, off the coast of [[Bombay]] on 15 December 1691. Some authors suggest that he was poisoned by VOC employees while others that he was sick already for a while.<ref>Heniger (1986):81.</ref> Van Rheede was buried at [[Surat]] on 3 January 1692 in the presence of his daughter Francine and many notables. Among the attendants was also Van Rheede's secretary [[Hendrick Zwaardecroon]], the future [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies]]. <ref>[http://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl/detail.aspx?page=dafb&lang=en&id=1947 Drawing of ''the funeral procession of Esquire van Rheede''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927100608/http://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl/detail.aspx?page=dafb&lang=en&id=1947 |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>

== Work in natural history ==

[[File:HortusMalabaricus.jpg|thumb|260px|[[Book frontispiece|Frontispiece]] of volume 1]]

Hendrik van Rheede's work on the plants of the [[Malabar region]] began in 1674<ref>Heniger (1986):145.</ref> and it was around 1675 that the draft of the first volume of the ''[[Hortus Malabaricus]]'' was produced. Since 1660, the Dutch East India Company had encouraged publication of scientific work and the documentation of the useful plants by Van Rheede would help in the fight against local diseases. The first volume of the ''Hortus Malabaricus'' was published in 1678, a compendium of the plants of economic and medical value in the south Indian Malabar region, was undertaken when "[[Jonkheer]]" Hendrik van Rheede was the Dutch Governor of Cochin and continued for the next three decades. It was published in twelve volumes in Latin, with the names of the plants written in four languages: Latin, [[Sanskrit]], Arabic and [[Malayalam]].<ref name=anh>Fournier (1987)</ref> Mentioned in these volumes are 742 plants of the Malabar region which in his time referred to the stretch along the [[Western Ghats]] from [[Goa]] to [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]. The ethno-medical information presented in the work was extracted from [[palm leaf manuscript]]s by a famous practitioner of herbal medicine named [[Itty Achudan|Itty Achuden]]. Achuden was an vaiydan ("healer") of the local Ezhava tradition<ref>{{cite journal|title= Subaltern Medicine and Social Mobility: The experience of the Ezhava in Kerala|first= Burton |last=Cleetus| journal=Indian Anthropologist| volume=37| issue=1| year=2007| pages=147–172| jstor=41920032 }}</ref> (that has in recent times been included under the label of Kerala Ayurveda<ref>{{cite journal|title=Medicine as Culture: Indigenous Medicine in Cosmopolitan Mumbai| first=Leena| last= Abraham| journal =Economic and Political Weekly| volume= 44| issue=16 |year=2009|pages=68–75| jstor=40279158}}</ref>). He was supported by a team of three Konkani physicians: Appu Bhatt, Ranga Bhatt and Vinayaka Pandit, The compilations were edited by a team of nearly a hundred including physicians, professors of medicine and botany, amateur botanists (such as professor [[Arnold Seyn]], [[Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen|Theodore Jansson of Almeloveen]], [[Paul Hermann (botanist)|Paul Hermann]], [[Johannes Munnicks]], [[Jan Commelin]], [[Abraham Poot]], the translator of a Dutch version), Indian scholars and ''vaidyas'' (physicians) of Malabar and adjacent regions, and technicians, illustrators and engravers, together with the collaboration of company officials, clergymen (Johannes Casearius and Father Mathew of St. Joseph). He was also assisted by the King of Cochin and the ruling Zamorin of Calicut.<ref name=currsci />

[[Carl Linnaeus]] made use of Rheede's work,<ref name=anh/> noting in the preface of his ''[[Genera Plantarum]]'' (1737) that he did not trust any authors except ''[[Johann Jakob Dillenius|Dillen]]'' in ''Hortus Elthamensis'', Rheede in ''Hortus Malabaricus'' and [[Charles Plumier]] on American plants and further noted that Rheede was the most accurate of the three.<ref>Mueller-Wille & Reeds (2007)</ref> Many of Linneaeus' specific epithets based on Rheede originate from Malayalam names.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Carl Linnaeus's Acquaintance with Tropical Plants|author=Stearn, W.T.|journal=Taxon|volume=37| issue=3|series=Symposium Tropical Biology: Principles and Practice|year=1988|pages=776–781|doi=10.2307/1221114|jstor=1221114 |bibcode=1988Taxon..37..776S }}</ref> While visiting the Cape in 1685, van Rheede considered a work on African plants of economic importance, ''Hortus Africanus'', but this idea was never realized.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=G. |last1=Scott|first2=M.L.|last2=Hewett|title=Pioneers in ethnopharmacology: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) at the Cape from 1650 to 1800|journal= Journal of Ethnopharmacology|volume=115|issue=3|year=2008|pages= 339–360|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.020|pmid=18079078}}</ref>
{{commonscat|Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite journal|author=Adams, Julia| title=Principal and Agents, Colonialists and Company Men: The decay of Colonial Control in the Dutch East Indies|journal=American Sociological Review| volume = 61| issue=1| year=1996| pages=12–28| doi=10.2307/2096404| jstor=2096404}}
* {{cite journal|author= Fournier M. |title= Enterprise in botany: Van Reede and his Hortus malabaricus – Part l. |journal= Archives of Natural History|year=1987| volume= 14| issue=2|pages=123–58|doi=10.3366/anh.1987.14.2.123|pmid= 11622404 }}
* {{cite book|first1=J.|last1=Heniger|title=Hendrik Adriaan Van Reed Tot Drakestein 1636-1691 and ''Hortus Malabaricus''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8VWN_LnFZKwC|year=1986|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-90-6191-681-9|page=145}}
* {{cite book|year=1944|place=Cape Town|publisher=Van Riebeeck Society|title=A geographical and topographical description of the Cape of Good Hope. Part 3.|translator=Mentzel, O.F. |url=https://archive.org/stream/geographicaltopo03ment#page/60/mode/2up}}
* {{cite journal|title=A translation of Carl Linnaeus's introduction to Genera plantarum (1737) |author=Mueller-Wille, S & K. Reeds |url=http://www.philoscience.unibe.ch/documents/kursarchiv/SS03/MuellerWille2007a.pdf |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences |volume=38 |year=2007 |issue=3 |pages=563–572 |doi=10.1016/j.shpsc.2007.06.003 |pmid=17893065 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716031921/http://philoscience.unibe.ch/documents/kursarchiv/SS03/MuellerWille2007a.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-16 }}
* {{cite journal|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/nov252005/1672.pdf |author=Ram, H.Y. Mohan |year=2005|title=On the English edition of Van Rheede's ''Hortus Malabaricus'' by K. S. Manilal(2003)|journal=Current Science|volume= 89|issue=10|pages=1672–1680}}

==External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003370076 Hortus Malabaricus (scanned)]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rheede, Hendrik Adriaan van}}
[[Category:1636 births]]
[[Category:1691 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Dutch colonial governors]]
[[Category:17th-century Dutch botanists]]
[[Category:Botanists active in India]]
[[Category:17th-century Dutch writers]]
[[Category:Hortus Malabaricus]]
[[Category:Scientists from Utrecht (city)]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Utrecht (city)]]
[[Category:Dutch Malabar]]
[[Category:Army officers of the Dutch East India Company]]
[[Category:Biology and natural history in the Dutch Republic]]
[[Category:People from Dutch India]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Explorers of South Asia]]
[[Category:17th-century nobility]]

Piragu

2026-03-03T04:38:06Z

Sergqpm: quick expanded information after review and corrected details based on references

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Piragu
| image =

| caption =
| director = N. Jeeva
| producer = R. Saravana S. K. Chandhrasekar
| writer = N. Jeeva
| starring = {{ubl|[[Hamsavardhan]]|[[Keerthi Chawla]]|[[Sunitha Varma]]}}
| music = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| cinematography = A. Kasi Vishwa
| editing = A. P. Manivannan
| distributor =
| studio = Dreamland Movies
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2007|09|21}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Piragu''''' ({{translation|''Then''}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime drama film]] directed by N. Jeeva. The film stars [[Hamsavardhan]], [[Keerthi Chawla]] and [[Sunitha Varma]], with [[Vadivelu]], [[Kadhal Dhandapani]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Sabitha Anand]], Emey, and [[Karate Raja]] playing supporting roles. The film, produced by R. Saravana and S. K. Chandhrasekar, had music by [[Srikanth Deva]], cinematography by A. Kasi Vishwa, and editing by A. P. Manivannan. The film released on 21 September 2007.

==Plot==

Sathya ([[Hamsavardhan]]) is a [[drama]] director in his village who lives with his father Ramaiah ([[Malaysia Vasudevan]]), a respected [[Koothu]] artist, and his mother ([[Sabitha Anand]]). The village belle Thulasi ([[Keerthi Chawla]]), Sathya's relative, is in love with him since her childhood. Sathya comes to Chennai with hopes of becoming a cinema director one day. In [[Chennai]], he lost his luggage and contact addresses. He is now left penniless and has nowhere to go. Sofia ([[Sunitha Varma]]), a small mechanic shop owner, gives him food to eat and accommodates him in her mechanic shop. In turn, Sathya helps her repair [[motorcycles]] besides looking for a film producer. Afterwards, Sofia falls in love with Sathya. At last, impressed by Sathya's story, a film producer accepts to producer his film. The same day, Sathya saves David ([[Karate Raja]]) from being killed by local rowdies. The gang leader Antony ([[Kadhal Dhandapani]]) commends Sathya for saving his brother from the rival gang rowdies and offers him to join his gang. Sathya declines Antony's proposal and speaks ill of his activity. Thereafter, Sathya's parents and Thulasi arrive in Chennai; they are accommodated by Sofia in her house. In the meantime, Antony and the rival gang leader Annapoorani (Emey) make peace and want to kill Sathya. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Hamsavardhan]] as Sathya
*[[Keerthi Chawla]] as Thulasi
*[[Sunitha Varma]] as Sofia
*[[Vadivelu]] as Samarasam
*[[Kadhal Dhandapani]] as Antony
*[[Malaysia Vasudevan]] as Ramaiah
*[[Sabitha Anand]] as Sathya's mother
*Emey as Annapoorani
*[[Karate Raja]] as David
*[[Chitra Lakshmanan]] as Film Producer
*[[Crane Manohar]] as Production Manager
*[[Sampath Ram]] as SP Sivakumar
*[[Gana Bala]] as Mechanic
*Lalitha Paatti as Sathya's grandmother
*Anjali Devi as Antony's wife
*[[King Kong (actor)|Kong Kong]] as Samarasam's assistant
*[[Ambani Shankar|Shankar]] as Samarasam's assistant
*[[Chelladurai]] as Police Officer
*[[Bonda Mani]] as Beeda Shop Owner
*[[Thambi Ramaiah]]
*[[Thideer Kannaiah]]
*[[Halwa Vasu]]
*[[Muthukaalai]]
*Kalidoss as Moneylender
*Ravi Shanth as Elango
*[[Siva Narayana Murthy]] as Bayilvan Veeramuthu
*Vijay Ganesh as Valakka
*Marthandam
*Subburaj
*Amirthalingam
*Rajmohan
*[[Vengal Rao]]
*[[Ragasya]] as an [[item number]]
*[[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]] in a special appearance
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Piragu
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2007
| recorded = 2007
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 32:10
| label = Five Star Audio
| producer = Srikanth Deva
| prev_title = [[Nenjai Thodu]]
| prev_year = 2007
| next_title = [[Vijayadasami (film)|Vijayadasami]]
| next_year = 2007
}}

The film score and the soundtrack were composed by [[Srikanth Deva]]. The soundtrack, released in 2007, features 6 tracks with lyrics written by [[Na. Muthukumar]], [[Piraisoodan]], Devakumar, Muthumagan and [[Gana Bala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mio.to/album/Piragu+(2007)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722053034/http://mio.to/album/Piragu+(2007)|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 July 2018|title=Piragu (2007)|access-date=2017-12-20|publisher=MusicIndiaOnline}}</ref> Gana Bala, credited as Anathai Bala made his debut as singer and lyricist with this film in the song "Pathinoru Aattam" and also appeared in the song.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010901/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOICH%2F2013%2F02%2F10&ViewMode=GIF&PageLabel=39&EntityId=Ar03900&AppName=2 |title=I want to take Gana to a different level|website=Times of India|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOICH%2F2013%2F02%2F10&ViewMode=GIF&PageLabel=39&EntityId=Ar03900&AppName=2|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Track !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration
|-
|1 || "Mudalil Santhithen" || [[Harish Raghavendra]], Meganthi || Na. Muthukumar || 5:40
|-
|2 || "Unnaipole Pennai" || [[Srikanth Deva]], [[Srilekha Parthasarathy]] || Devakumar || 5:32
|-
|3 || "Amma Appa" || [[Vijay Yesudas]] || Na. Muthukumar || 5:28
|-
|4 || "Padinoru Per Aatam" || [[Gana Bala]] || Gana Bala || 5:21
|-
|5 || "Kitavaada Kitavaada" || [[Suchitra]] || Muthumagan || 5:10
|-
|6 || "Aasai Dosai" || [[Anuradha Sriram]] || Piraisoodan || 4:59
|}

==Reception==
The film critic Malini Mannath wrote, "A lackluster script and slipshod narration reveal the amateurishness of a debutant director who seems not quite able to translate his ideas on to the screen", and that, "The saving grace of the film is Hamsavardhan (son of yesteryear hero Ravichandran), who bravely strides on through all the inadequacies of the script and his lacklustre role".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siliconeer.com/past_issues/2007/siliconeer_november_2007.html|title=Lackluster, Slipshod: Piragu|accessdate=2017-12-20|author=Malini Mannath|publisher=siliconeer.com|archive-date=17 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317071430/http://www.siliconeer.com/past_issues/2007/siliconeer_november_2007.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Laya of ''Kalki'' called Vadivelu's comedy as relief and noted Srikanth Deva's music as average, called both story and screenplay as uncompelling.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Kalki|language=ta|title=பிறகு |last=லயா|access-date=21 May 2024|url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-10-28/page/64/mode/2up|date=28 October 2007|page=65}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Films scored by Srikanth Deva]]
[[Category:2007 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2007 action drama films]]
[[Category:2007 crime drama films]]

Kiruthivakesvarar Temple, Sulamangalam

2026-02-27T01:25:15Z

Sergqpm: location

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Kiruthivakesvarar Temple, Soolamangalam
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Kiruthivakesvarar Temple, Soolamangalam, [[Thanjavur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.8818|N|79.1922|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
| location = Soolamangalam
| elevation_m = 61.91
| deity = [[Shiva|Kiruthivakesvarar]]
| festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]]
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity = One
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Kiruthivakesvarar Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the deity [[Shiva]], located at Soolamangalam near [[Ayyampettai, Thanjavur|Ayyampet]] in [[Thanjavur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref name="bmj">பு.மா.ஜெயசெந்தில்நாதன், தேவார வைப்புத்தலங்கள், வர்த்தமானன் பதிப்பகம், சென்னை, 2009</ref><ref name=shaivam>[https://shaivam.org/hindu-hub/temples/place/357/soolamangai-kiruththivaageswarar-temple மூவர் தேவார வைப்புத் தலங்கள், Muvar Thevara Vaippu Thalangal, சூலமங்கை - (சூலமங்கலம்), 6-70-10]</ref><ref name=shiva>[http://www.shivatemples.com/vt/vtlist2.php தேவார வைப்புத் தலங்கள், சூலமங்கை, 6-70-10]</ref>

==Vaippu Sthalam==
It is one of the shrines of the [[Vaippu Sthalam]]s sung by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] [[Appar]].<ref name=shiva/> As Suladevar worshipped this place this place was known as Sulamangalam.<ref name="bmj"/>

==Presiding deity==
The presiding deity in the [[garbhagriha]] is represented by the ''[[lingam]]'' known as Kiruthivakesvarar. The Goddess is known as Alankaravalli.<ref name="bmj"/>

==Specialities==
Shiva has among other things one of the weapon or symbol known as [[Astra (weapon)|Astradeva]]. Due to this he is known as Sulapani, the bearer of Astra (Sulam).Astradeva worshipped the deity of this temple. Shiva appeared before him and blessed him stating that as my weapon, you would get the primary places in all the temple festivals and would be taken. From then the first [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] was done to Astradeva. The presiding deity is also known as [[Gajasurasamhara|''Kari Urittha Nayanar'']], as he killed the elephant. As Shiva killed the asura known as Kayasuran, he is known as Kiruthivakesvarar. The asura gave disturbance to one and all. Unable to bear his disturbance all went to [[Varanasi|Kasi]]. Kayasuran also went there. While all of them worshipped the Lord of [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple|Kasi]], Shiva saved them from him. In the [[Manikarnika Ghat]] he appeared as Linga and was known as Kiruthivakesvarar.<ref name=dinakaran>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/Aanmeegam_Detail.asp?Nid=22478 |title=சாதிக்க வைக்கும் சப்த மங்கை தலங்கள்!, தினகரன், 12 அக்டோபர் 2018 |access-date=1 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603052847/http://www.dinakaran.com/Aanmeegam_Detail.asp?Nid=22478 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Structure==
Astra devar can be found standing in front of the temple, He is of 4.5 feet height. [[Dakshinamurthy]] who is found in the kosta is found without the banyan tree. He is found with jadamudi. During Thai [[Amavasya|Amavasai]] special pujas are held. Of the [[Matrikas|saptamatas]], [[Kaumari]] worshipped here. Parvati did penance in front of the deity here. She is also found holding a [[Trishula|trishul]] in her hand. The Goddess blessed the couple Nathasanma-Anavitha who came from North India.<ref name=shaivam/>

==Saptamagai sthalam==
This temple is one of the seven shrines associated with ''[[Saptamartrikas]]'' (seven female deities in [[Shiva|Siva]] temple).<ref>[https://www.dinamani.com/religion/religion-news/2018/jun/14/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF---1-2939517.html கடம்பூர் விஜயன், சப்தமங்கைத் தலங்கள், பகுதி 1, அரியமங்கை, தினமணி, 16 சூன் 2018]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kungumam.co.in/APArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=2673&id1=94&id2=0&issue=20150601 |title=சப்தமாதர்களும் சக்தியின் அம்சங்களே, ஆன்மிகம் |access-date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=29 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229013747/http://kungumam.co.in/APArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=2673&id1=94&id2=0&issue=20150601 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Matrikas are the different forms [[Adi Parashakti]]. Matrikas are the personified powers of different [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]]. [[Brahmani (Matrika)|Brahmani]] emerged from [[Brahma]], [[Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess)|Vaishnavi]] from [[Vishnu]], [[Maheshvari]] from [[Shiva]], [[Sachi|Indrani]] from [[Indra]], [[Kaumari]] from [[Kartikeya|Skanda]], [[Varahi]] from [[Varaha]] and [[Chamunda]] from [[Devi]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leeming |first1=David |last2=Fee |first2= Christopher|date=2016 |title=The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjO6CwAAQBAJ&q=matrikas&pg=PT33 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn= 9781780235387}}</ref> and additionals are [[Narasimhi]], [[Vinayaki]]. This is one of the Saptamangai sthalams, seven sacred places devoted to Devi.<ref name=dinakaran/> They are also called as Saptastanam of Chakkarappalli.<ref>Ayyampet N.Selvaraj, Study on the Saptastanam (Seven Sacred Places) of Chakkarappalli in Thanjavur District, Nehru Trust for the Indian Collections at the Victoria & Albert Museum, New Delhi, May 2011</ref> They are:
* [[Chakravageswarar Temple|Chakkarappalli]]
* [[Harimukteesvarar Temple, Ariyamangai|Ariyamangai]]
* Sulamangalam
* [[Jambukesvarar Temple, Nallichery|Nallichery]]
* [[Pasupatheesvarar Temple, Pasupathikovil|Pasupathikovil]]
* [[Chandramouleesvarar Temple, Thazhamangai|Thazhamangai]]
* [[Tirupullamangai|Pullamangai]]

==Location==
In [[Thanjavur]]-[[Kumbakonam]] road, in the Railway station road at a distance of 1 km this temple is situated. As Suladevar worshipped this place this place was known as Sulamangalam.<ref name="bmj"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Vaippu sthalam}}
{{Saptha Stana Temples}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]]

Tiger reserves of India

2026-02-25T03:31:06Z

Sergqpm: cleanup

{{Short description|Conservation and protection areas for Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in India}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Tiger reserves of India
| image = Rocket, A Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) on the pakki patri area at Pilibhit tiger reserve.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A [[Bengal tiger]] at [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve]]
| location = India
| area_km2 = 84500
| authorized =
| created =
| designated =
| established = 1973
| disestablished =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| visitation_ref =
| governing_body =
| administrator = [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]
| operator =
| owner =
| website =
| url =
| child =
| module =
}}
India is home to about 70% of the global wild tiger population. The [[Government of India]] launched [[Project Tiger]] in 1973, as a part of [[tiger conservation]] efforts. The initiative led to the establishment of dedicated tiger reserves — protected areas specifically designated for the conservation of tigers and its habitats, with the objective of ensuring a viable natural population of tigers. The [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]] was established in 2005 for the management of these tiger reserves. Each tiger reserve consists of a proteced core zone, free from human activity, and a buffer zone, where sustainable activities and regulated tourism are allowed.

{{As of|2025}}, there are 58 tiger reserves, covering {{cvt|84500|km2}}. The wild tiger population, which was recorded at 1,411 individuals in 2006, had grown to 3,682 in 2022. [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Maharashtra]] have the most number of tiger reserves with six each. [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve|Nagarjunasagar Srisailam]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], covering {{cvt|3,296.31|km2}}, is the largest by area while the smallest is [[Orang National Park|Orang]] in Assam, with an area of {{cvt|492|km2}}. [[Jim Corbett National Park|Jim Corbett]] holds the largest population of tigers (231), while no tigers were recorded in the [[Dampa Tiger Reserve|Dampa]], [[Buxa Tiger Reserve|Buxa]], and [[Palamau Tiger Reserve|Palamau]] tiger reserves.

== Project Tiger ==
[[Project Tiger]] was initiated in 1973 as per the [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972]] by the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] of the [[Government of India]]. Under the project, dedicated protected areas called tiger reserves, were initiated to protect the [[Bengal tiger]] and its habitats. These reserves were established with an aim to ensure a viable, healthy population of wild tigers in India, free-ranging in their [[natural habitat]].<ref name="PT">{{cite web|title=Project Tiger|publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority|url=https://ntca.gov.in/about-us/#project-tiger|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405081950/https://ntca.gov.in/about-us/#project-tiger|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2006, the [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]] was established to administer the tiger reserves.<ref name="PT"/>

Amongst the core objectives of the tiger reserves is to protect the tiger population from threats such as [[poaching]], habitat loss, and [[human-wildlife conflict]]. These reserves also aim to maintain the ecological integrity of tiger habitats, and to promote education, and awareness about [[tiger conservation]]. The tiger reserves also serve as key sites for monitoring tiger populations, studying their behavior, and research such as the impact of [[climate change]] and human encroachment on wildlife. These reserves also aim to maintain a [[genetic diversity]] by establishing wildlife corridors that allow tigers to migrate and interbreed across landscapes.<ref name="Reserve">{{cite report|title=Tiger reserves|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guidelines">{{cite web|url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf|title=Project Tiger|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=22 January 2016|archive-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002055640/http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The tiger reserves consist of a strictly protected core area where human activity is prohibited, and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Eco-development and community participation are encouraged in the buffer zones.<ref name="PT"/> While the union government provides funding, the state governments are responsible for preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.<ref name="Reserve"/><ref name="guidelines"/>

==Tiger population==
[[File:Growth in Tiger population.jpg|thumb|Growth in Tiger population]]

{{See also|List of Indian states by wildlife population}}

In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49148174|title=India's tiger population sees 33% increase|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2019|access-date=2019-07-29|archive-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021152/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49148174|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2010 national tiger assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. The wild tiger population in India was 2,226 in 2014, an increase of 30.5% from the 2010 estimate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf|title=Tiger Estimate in India|page=9|publisher=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|date=28 March 2011|access-date=21 June 2011|archive-date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612082807/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, according to the [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]], there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India.<ref name="Report">{{cite report|author1=Qureshi, Q.|author2=Jhala, Y. V.|author3=Yadav, S. P.|author4=Mallick, A.|name-list-style=amp|year=2023|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]] and [[Wildlife Institute of India]]|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|access-date=2024-04-10|archive-date=2024-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> As per the 2022 census, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is about 70% of the global wild tiger population.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://ntca.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Stripes_Vol14_1_Jul25_compressed.pdf|title=2022 tiger census|work=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> Amongst the tiger reserves, [[Jim Corbett national park|Jim Corbett]] had the maximum tiger population (231) and the highest density of tigers (14).<ref>{{cite report|title=Assessment of forest cover of India's Tiger Reserves|url=https://fsi.nic.in/isfr-2021/chapter-4.pdf|work=FSI|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

== Tiger reserves ==
In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of {{cvt|9115|km2}} had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of {{cvt|24700|km2}}. More than 1,100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.<ref>{{cite book|author=Panwar, H. S.|year=1987|chapter=Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdC-wfyZwZEC&pg=PA110|pages=110–117|title=Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species|editor1-last=Tilson, R. L.|editor2-last=Sel, U. S.|publisher=[[Minnesota Zoological Garden]], IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group|location=Park Ridge, N.J.|isbn=978-0-815-51133-5}}</ref> By 1997, there were 23 tiger reserves, encompassing an area of {{cvt|33000|km2}}.<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Seidensticker, J.|editor2=Christie, S.|editor3=Jackson, P.|year=1999|title=Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|place=[[Cambridge]]|isbn=978-0-521-64057-2 |author=Thapar, V.|chapter=The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch|pages=296–306}}</ref> {{As of|March 2025}}, there are 58 [[protected area]]s that have been designated as tiger reserves.<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhav National Park in Madhya Pradesh becomes India's 58th Tiger Reserve |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/why-has-india-got-another-tiger-reserve/article69333519.ece |date=16 March 2025 |access-date=16 March 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

{{clear}}

=== List ===
{{location map+|India|float=left|width=999|caption=Tiger reserves in India (Source: [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]<ref>{{cite report|title=MEE summary report |url=https://ntca.gov.in/assets/uploads/Reports/MEE/MEE_summary_report_2023.pdf|access-date=1 April 2024 |publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority}}</ref>)
|places=
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Bandipur National Park|Bandipur]] |lat= 11.9889 |long=76.4647 |link=[[Bandipur National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary|Achanakmar]] |lat= 22.5052 |long=82.7787 |link=[[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Anamalai Tiger Reserve|Anamalai]] |lat= 10.4170 |long=77.0567 |link=[[Anamalai Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Bandhavgarh National Park|Bandhavgarh]] |lat= 23.23 |long=80.44 |link=[[Bandhavgarh National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary|Bhadra]] |lat= 13.6949 |long=75.6352 |link=[[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiri]] |lat= 11.55 |long=77.51 |link=[[Biligiriranga Hills]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary|Bor]] |lat= 20.5839 |long=78.4033 |link=[[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Buxa Tiger Reserve|Buxa]] |lat= 26.39 |long=89.3448 |link=[[Buxa Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Dampa Tiger Reserve|Dampa]] |lat= 23.566667 |long=92.366667 |link=[[Dampa Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Dudhwa National Park|Dudhwa]] |lat= 28.226 |long=80.47 |link=[[Dudhwa National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Indravati National Park|Indravati]] |lat= 18.51 |long=80.16 |link=[[Indravati National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Jim Corbett National Park|Corbett]] |lat= 29.53 |long=78.7747 |link=[[Jim Corbett National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve|Kalakkad]] |lat= 8.4183 |long=77.1995 |link=[[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Kali Tiger Reserve|Kali]] |lat= 14.9981 |long=74.3587 |link=[[Kali Tiger Reacserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary|Kamlang]] |lat= 27.967 |long=96.06 |link=[[Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Kanha Tiger Reserve|Kanha]] |lat= 22.15 |long=80.261 |link=[[Kanha Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Dholpur—Karauli Tiger Reserve|Dholpur—Karauli]] |lat= 26.5071 |long=77.2865 |link=[[Dholpur—Karauli Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary|Kawal]] |lat= 18.59 |long=79.15 |link=[[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Kaziranga National Park|Kaziranga]] |lat= 26.5775 |long=93.1711 |link=[[Kaziranga National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Manas National Park|Manas]] |lat= 26.6889 |long=90.46 |link=[[Manas National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Melghat]] |lat= 21.406 |long=77.1485 |link=[[Melghat]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Mudumalai National Park|Mudumalai]] |lat= 11.31549 |long=76.21289 |link=[[Mudumalai National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve|Mukandra Hills]] |lat= 24.868 |long=75.856 |link=[[Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Nagarhole National Park|Nagarhole]] |lat= 12.9036 |long=76.3040|link=[[Nagarhole National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve|Srisailam]] |lat= 16.0304 |long=78.7904 |link=[[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Namdapha National Park|Namdapha]] |lat= 27.4455 |long=96.5358 |link=[[Namdapha National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Nameri National Park|Nameri]] |lat= 26.9324 |long=92.8772 |link=[[Nameri National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Navegaon National Park|Navegaon]] |lat= 20.56 |long=80.1 |link=[[Navegaon National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Orang National Park|Orang]] |lat= 26.5568148 |long=92.3279016 |link=[[Orang National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Pakke Tiger Reserve|Pakke]] |lat= 27.0984 |long=93.5772 |link=[[Pakke Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Palamau Tiger Reserve|Palamau]] |lat= 23.685 |long=84.2353 |link=[[Palamau Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Panna National Park|Panna]] |lat= 24.17 |long=79.3 |link=[[Panna National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Parambikulam Tiger Reserve|Parambikulam]] |lat= 10.2300 |long=76.4230 |link=[[Parambikulam Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Pench National Park|Pench-MH]] |lat= 21.0415 |long=79.041 |link=[[Pench National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Pench Tiger Reserve|Pench-MP]] |lat= 21.3855 |long=79.0851 |link=[[Pench Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Periyar National Park|Periyar]] |lat= 9.175604 |long=76.561212 |link=[[Periyar National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve|Pilibhit]] |lat= 28.718811 |long=80.071968 |link=[[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Rajaji National Park|Rajaji]] |lat= 30.0329 |long=78.1022 |link=[[Rajaji National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary|Ramgarh]] |lat= 25.59 |long=75.19 |link=[[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary|Ranipur]] |lat= 25.4613 |long=80.3617 |link=[[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Ranthambore National Park|Ranthambore]] |lat= 26.0173 |long=76.5026 |link=[[Ranthambore National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve|Sahyadri]] |lat= 16.58 |long=73.33 |link=[[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Sanjay National Park|Sanjay]] |lat= 23.3824 |long=81.783 |link=[[Sanjay National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Sariska Tiger Reserve|Sariska]] |lat= 27.3855 |long=76.3231 |link=[[Sariska Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary|Sathyamangalam]] |lat= 11.1215 |long=76.5978 |link=[[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Satkosia Tiger Reserve|Satkosia]] |lat= 20.2512 |long=84.402 |link=[[Satkosia Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Satpura Tiger Reserve|Satpura]] |lat= 22.19 |long=77.53|link=[[Satpura Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Simlipal National Park|Simlipal]] |lat= 22.34 |long=87.1 |link=[[Simlipal National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary|Sitanadi]] |lat= 19.55 |long=80.3 |link=[[Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve|Srivilliputhur]] |lat= 9.3430 |long=77.3330 |link=[[Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Sundarbans National Park|Sundarbans]] |lat= 21.8359 |long=88.8842 |link=[[Sundarbans National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve|Tadoba]] |lat= 20.160 |long=79.2400 |link=[[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Valmiki National Park|Valmiki]] |lat= 26.7 |long=84.7 |link=[[Valmiki National Park]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary|Veerangana]] |lat= 23.7223 |long=79.1625 |link=[[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Amrabad Tiger Reserve|Amrabad]] |lat= 16.5957 |long=78.8335 |link=[[Amrabad]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Guru Ghasidas - Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve|Tamor Pingla]] |lat= 23.728570 |long=82.496944 |link=[[Guru Ghasidas - Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=right|label=[[Ratapani Tiger Reserve|Ratapani]] |lat= 22.688 |long=77.722 |link=[[Ratapani Tiger Reserve]]| marksize=9}}
{{location map~|India|position=left|label=[[Madhav National Park|Madhav]] |lat= 25.5 |long=77.816667 |link=[[Madhav National Park]]| marksize=9}}
}}
{{clear}}

{{static row numbers}}{{sort under}}{{Table alignment}}{{row hover highlight}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text sort-under-center col6center col7center col8center col9center hover-highlight" style="font-size: 85%"
|+List of tiger reserves<ref name="Reserv1">{{cite web|url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/trd_8222.aspx|title=Tiger Reserves of India|access-date=1 April 2024 |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, [[Government of India]]}}</ref><ref name ="Tiger reserves of India">{{cite report|title=MEE summary report |url=https://ntca.gov.in/assets/uploads/Reports/MEE/MEE_summary_report_2023.pdf|access-date=1 April 2024 |publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" | Name
! rowspan="2" | {{tooltip|Inclusion|Year of inclusion under project tiger}}
! rowspan="2" | {{tooltip|Last notified|Year of notification/re-notification as a tiger reserve.}}
! rowspan="2" | {{tooltip|State|The Indian state where the reserve is located at.}}
! class="unsortable" ! rowspan="2" | {{tooltip|Location|Click on the link to see the approx. location, maps and arial images of the reserve provided by global services.}}
! rowspan="2" | Tiger population (2022)<ref name="Report"/>
! colspan="3" | Area (in km2)
|- class="static-row-header"
! Core !! Buffer !! Total
|-
| [[Bandipur National Park|Bandipur]] || 1973–74 || 2007 || [[Karnataka]] || {{coord|11|39|42|N|76|37|38|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 150 || 872.24 || 584.06 || 1,456.3
|-
| [[Jim Corbett National Park|Corbett]]{{efn|name=Amangarh|[[Amangarh Tiger Reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a [[buffer zone]] of [[Jim Corbett National Park]] and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of {{cvt|80.6|km2}} but no core area of critical tiger habitat.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger Reserves|url=https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves|access-date=9 January 2021|publisher=[[Wildlife Institute of India]]|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113182701/https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger Reserves|url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|access-date=19 January 2021|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|url-status=live}}</ref>}} || 1973–74 || 2010 || [[Uttarakhand]] || {{coord|29|32|55|N|78|56|7|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 260 || 821.99 || 466.32 || 1,288.31
|-
| [[Kanha Tiger Reserve|Kanha]] || 1973–74 || 2007 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|22|13|39|N|80|38|42|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 105 || 917.43 || 1,134.36 || 2,051.79
|-
| [[Manas National Park|Manas]] || 1973–74 || 2008 || [[Assam]] || {{coord|26|43|0|N|90|56|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 58 || 526.22 || 2,310.88 || 2,837.10
|-
| [[Melghat]] || 1973–74 || 2007 || [[Maharashtra]] || {{coord|21|26|45|N|77|11|50|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 57 || 1,500.49 || 1,268.03 || 2,768.52
|-
| [[Palamau Tiger Reserve|Palamau]] || 1973–74 || 2012 || [[Jharkhand]] || {{coord|23|41|20|N|84|14|56|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 1 || 414.08 || 715.85 || 1,129.93
|-
| [[Ranthambore National Park|Ranthambore]] || 1973–74 || 2007 || [[Rajasthan]] || {{coord|26|01|02|N|76|30|09|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 57 || 1,113.36 || 297.92 || 1,411.29
|-
| [[Simlipal National Park|Similipal]] || 1973–74 || 2007 || [[Odisha]] || {{coord|21|50|0|N|86|20|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 16 || 1,194.75 || 1,555.25 || 2,750
|-
| [[Sundarbans National Park|Sunderbans]] || 1973–74 || 2007 || [[West Bengal]] || {{coord|21|50|17|N|88|53|07|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 100 || 1,699.62 || 885.27 || 2,584.89
|-
| [[Periyar National Park|Periyar]] || 1978–79 || 2007 || [[Kerala]] || {{coord|9|34|39|N|77|10|48|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 30 || 881.00 || 44.00 || 925.00
|-
| [[Sariska Tiger Reserve|Sariska]] || 1978–79 || 2007 || [[Rajasthan]] || {{coord|27|19|3|N|76|26|13|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 19 || 881.11 || 332.23 || 1,213.34
|-
| [[Buxa Tiger Reserve|Buxa]] || 1982–83 || 2009 || [[West Bengal]] || {{coord|26|39|0|N|89|34|48|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 1 || 390.58 || 367.32 || 757.90
|-
| [[Indravati National Park|Indravati]] || 1982–83 || 2009 || [[Chhattisgarh]] || {{coord|19|12|18|N|81|1|53|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 1 || 1,258.37 || 1,540.70 || 2,799.07
|-
| [[Namdapha National Park|Namdapha]] || 1982–83 || 1987 || [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || {{coord|27|29|0|N|96|23|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 1 || 1,807.82 || 245.00 || 2,052.82
|-
| [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve|Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam]] || 1982–83 || 2007 || [[Andhra Pradesh]] || {{coord|16|18|0|N|78|59|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 58 || 2,595.72 || 700.59 || 3,296.31
|-
| [[Dudhwa National Park|Dudhwa]] || 1987–88 || 2010 || [[Uttar Pradesh]] || {{coord|28|30.5|0|N|80|40.8|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 135 || 1,093.79 || 1,107.98 || 2,201.77
|-
| [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve|Kalakad-Mundanthurai]] || 1988–89 || 2007 || [[Tamil Nadu]] || {{coord|8|41|0|N|77|19|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 5 || 895.00 || 706.54 || 1,601.54
|-
| [[Valmiki National Park|Valmiki]] || 1989–90 || 2012 || [[Bihar]] || {{coord|27|19|54|N|84|9|45|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 54 || 598.45 || 300.93 || 899.38
|-
| [[Pench Tiger Reserve|Pench (M.P.)]] || 1992–93 || 2007 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|21|41|35|N|79|14|54|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 77 || 411.33 || 768.30 || 1,179.63
|-
| [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve|Tadoba-Andhari]] || 1993–94 || 2007 || [[Maharashtra]] || {{coord|20|16|0|N|79|24|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} ||97 || 625.82 || 1,101.77 || 1,727.59
|-
| [[Bandhavgarh National Park|Bandhavgarh]] || 1993–94 || 2007 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|23|41|58|N|80|57|43|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} ||135 || 716.9 || 820.03 || 1,536.93
|-
| [[Panna National Park|Panna]] || 1994–95 || 2007 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|24|43|49.6|N|80|0|38.8|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 55 || 576.13 || 1,021.97 || 1,598.10
|-
| [[Dampa Tiger Reserve|Dampa]] || 1994–95 || 2007 || [[Mizoram]] || {{coord|23|34|0|N|92|22|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 500.00 || 488.00 || 988.00
|-
| [[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary|Bhadra]] || 1998–99 || 2007 || [[Karnataka]] || {{coord|13|41|43.72|N|75|38|12.53|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 28 || 492.46 || 571.83 || 1,064.29
|-
| [[Pench Tiger Reserve|Pench]] (MH) || 1998–99 || 2007 || [[Maharashtra]] || {{coord|21|41|35|N|79|14|54|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 48 || 257.26 || 483.96 || 741.22
|-
| [[Pakke Tiger Reserve|Pakke]] || 1999–00 || 2012 || [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || {{coord|27|05|0|N|92|51.5|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 6 || 683.45 || 515.00 || 1,198.45
|-
| [[Nameri National Park|Nameri]] || 1999–00 || 2000 || [[Assam]] || {{coord|27|0|36|N|92|47|24|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 3 || 320.00 || 144.00 || 464.00
|-
| [[Satpura Tiger Reserve|Satpura]] || 1999–00 || 2007 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|22|29|42|N|78|13|52|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 50 || 1,339.26 || 794.04 || 2,133.31
|-
| [[Anamalai Tiger Reserve|Anamalai]] || 2008–09 || 2007 || [[Tamil Nadu]] || {{coord|10.4170|0|00|N|77.0567|0|00|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 16 || 958.59 || 521.28 || 1,479.87
|-
| [[Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary|Udanti–Sitanadi]] || 2008–09 || 2009 || [[Chhattisgarh]] || {{coord|20.1857|0|00|N|81.9362|0|00|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 1 || 851.09 || 991.45 || 1,842.54
|-
| [[Satkosia Tiger Reserve|Satkosia]] || 2008–09 || 2007 || [[Odisha]] || {{coord|20|32|24|N|84|49|54|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 523.61 || 440.26 || 963.87
|-
| [[Kaziranga National Park|Kaziranga]] || 2008–09 || 2007 || [[Assam]] || {{coord|26|40|0|N|93|21|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 104 || 625.58 || 548.00 || 1,173.58
|-
| [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary|Achanakmar]] || 2008–09 || 2009 || [[Chhattisgarh]] || {{coord|22|26|11.6|N|81|50|18.5|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 5 || 626.19 || 287.82 || 914.02
|-
| [[Kali Tiger Reserve|Kali]] || 2008–09 || 2007 || [[Karnataka]] || {{coord|14|57|23.04|N|74|15|7.56|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 17 || 814.88 || 282.63 || 1,097.51
|-
| [[Sanjay National Park|Sanjay Dhubri]] || 2008–09 || 2011 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|23|53|7|N|82|3|19|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 16 || 812.57 || 861.93 || 1,674.5
|-
| [[Mudumalai National Park|Mudumalai]] || 2008–09 || 2007 || [[Tamil Nadu]] || {{coord|11|36|0|N|76|30|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 114 || 321.00 || 367.59 || 688.59
|-
| [[Nagarhole National Park|Nagarhole]] || 2008–09 || 2007 || [[Karnataka]] || {{coord|12|3|36|N|76|9|4|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 141 || 643.35 || 562.41 || 1,205.76
|-
| [[Parambikulam Tiger Reserve|Parambikulam]] || 2008–09 || 2009 || [[Kerala]] || {{coord|10|23|0|N|76|42|30|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 31 || 390.89 || 252.77 || 643.66
|-
| [[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve|Sahyadri]] || 2009–10 || 2012 || [[Maharashtra]] || {{coord|17|29|10|N|73|48|32|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 612.00 || 565.45 || 1,165.57
|-
| [[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiri Ranganatha Temple]] || 2010–11 || 2007 || [[Karnataka]] || {{coord|11|59|38|N|77|8|26|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 37 || 359.10 || 215.72 || 574.82
|-
| [[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary|Kawal]] || 2012–13 || 2012 || [[Telangana]] || {{coord|18|59|38|N|79|15|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 892.23 || 1,123.21 || 2,015.44
|-
| [[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary|Sathyamangalam]] || 2013–14 || 2013 || [[Tamil Nadu]] || {{coord|11|38|24|N|77|13|34|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 85 || 793.49 || 614.91 || 1,408.40
|-
| [[Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve|Mukandra Hills]] || 2013–14 || 2013 || [[Rajasthan]] || {{coord|24|52|05|N|75|51|22|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 1 || 417.17 || 342.82 || 759.99
|-
| [[Navegaon National Park|Nawegaon–Nagzira]] || 2013–14 || 2015 || [[Maharashtra]] || {{coord|20|56|0|N|80|10|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 11 || 653.67 || 1,241.27 || 1,894.94
|-
| [[Amrabad Tiger Reserve|Amrabad]]|| 2014 || 2015 || [[Telangana]] || {{coord|16.38|0|00|N|78.83|0|00|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 12 || 2,166.37 || 445.02 || 2,611.39
|-
| [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve|Pilibhit]] || 2014 || 2014 || [[Uttar Pradesh]] || {{coord|28|43|7.7196|N|80|4|19.0848|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 63 || 602.79 || 127.45 || 730.25
|-
| [[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary|Bor]] || 2014 || 2012 || [[Maharashtra]] || {{coord|20|58|39|N|78|40|33|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 9 || 138.12 || 678.15 || 816.27
|-
| [[Rajaji National Park|Rajaji]] || 2015 || 2015 || [[Uttarakhand]] || {{coord|30|03|29|N|78|10|22|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 54 || 819.54 || 255.63 || 1,075.17
|-
| [[Orang National Park|Orang]] || 2016 || 2016 || [[Assam]] || {{coord|26|33|25|N|92|19|40|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 16 || 79.28 || 413.18 || 492.46
|-
| [[Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary|Kamlang]] || 2016 || 2017 || [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || {{coord|27|40|0|N|96|26|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 671.00 || 112.00 || 783.00
|-
| [[Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve|Srivilliputhur–Megamalai]] || 2021 || 2021 || [[Tamil Nadu]] || {{coord|09|23|38|N|77|21|51|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 12 || 641.86 || 374.7 || 1,016.57
|-
| [[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary|Ramgarh Vishdhari]] || 2022 || 2022 || [[Rajasthan]] || {{coord|25|59|0|N|75|19|0|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 1 || 481.91 || 1,019.99 || 1,501.90
|-
| [[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary|Ranipur]] || 2022 || 2022 || [[Uttar Pradesh]] || {{coord|24.96|0|00|N|81.064|0|00|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 230.31 || 299.05 || 529.36
|-
| [[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary|Veerangana Durgavati]] || 2023 || 2023 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|23.54|0|00|N|79.72|0|00|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 1,414.00 || 925.12 || 2,339.12
|-
| [[Dholpur—Karauli Tiger Reserve|Dholpur-Karauli]]|| 2023 || 2023 || [[Rajasthan]] || {{coord|26.5|0|00|N|77.02|0|00|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 599.64 || 0.00 || 599.64
|-
| [[Guru Ghasidas - Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve|Guru Ghasidas–Tamor Pingla]] || 2024 || 2024 || [[Chhattisgarh]] || {{coord|23|36|07|N|82|28|19|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 2,049.23 || 780.15 || 2,829.38
|-
| [[Ratapani Tiger Reserve|Ratapani]] || 2024 || 2024 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|22|55|3.1|N|77|43|20|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 0 || 763.81 || 507.65 || 1,271.47
|-
| [[Madhav National Park|Madhav]] || 2024 || 2024 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || {{coord|25|30|00|N|77|49|00|E|region:NP_type:landmark_source:enwiki}} || 5 || 355.00 || 1,276.00 || 1,751.00
|}

==See also==
{{portal|India}}
* [[Project Tiger]]
* [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]
* [[Wildlife Institute of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Tiger reserves of India}}
{{Tiger Reserves Of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger Reserves Of India}}
[[Category:Tiger reserves of India|Tiger reserves of India]]
[[Category:Wildlife conservation in India]]
[[Category:Conservation-reliant species]]

Srinidhi Shetty

2026-02-24T13:45:36Z

Sergqpm:

{{Short description|Indian actress and beauty pageant titleholder (born 1992)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Srinidhi Shetty
| image = Srinidhi Shetty at the ‘KGF’ Press Meet In Chennai (cropped).jpg
| caption = Shetty in 2018
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|10|21}}
| birth_place = [[Mangaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| education = [[Jain University]], [[Bengaluru]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Model|actress}}
| years_active = 2009–present
| height =
| title = [[Miss Supranational 2016]]
}}

'''Srinidhi Ramesh Shetty''' (born 21 October 1992) is an Indian actress and beauty pageant title holder, who primarily works in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films. In 2016, she won the [[Miss Supranational 2016|Miss Supranational]] pageant, thus becoming the second Indian to win the crown.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/web-stories/kgf-actress-srinidhi-shettys-glam-rich-pictures/photostory/90821956.cms |title=KGF actress Srinidhi Shetty Glam rich pictures |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 November 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413161302/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/web-stories/kgf-actress-srinidhi-shettys-glam-rich-pictures/photostory/90821956.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangaluru girl crowned Miss Supranational 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=4 December 2016 |access-date=19 March 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mangaluru-girl-crowned-Miss-Supranational-2016/articleshow/55783127.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412071948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mangaluru-girl-crowned-Miss-Supranational-2016/articleshow/55783127.cms |archive-date=12 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shetty made her acting debut with the Kannada action duology [[KGF (film series)|''KGF'']] (2018{{Ndash}}2022), winning the [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Kannada]] for the sequel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kgf-star-srinidhi-shetty-on-her-nascent-journey-in-cinema-its-all-like-a-dream-7871236/lite/ |title=KGF star Srinidhi Shetty on her nascent journey in cinema: 'It's all like a dream' |website=The Indian Express |date=17 April 2022 |access-date=22 April 2022 |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427011914/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kgf-star-srinidhi-shetty-on-her-nascent-journey-in-cinema-its-all-like-a-dream-7871236/lite/ |url-status=live}}</ref> She then ventured into [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films with the films ''[[HIT: The Third Case]]'' (2025), which was successful at the box office and ''[[Telusu Kada]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Mohit |date=2025-05-07 |title=HIT 3 vs Retro Box Office Comparison First 6 Days: Nani's A-rated crime thriller performs better than Suriya starrer |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/hit-3-vs-retro-box-office-comparison-first-6-days-nanis-a-rated-crime-thriller-performs-better-than-suriya-starrer-1386504 |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en |archive-date=8 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508064411/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/hit-3-vs-retro-box-office-comparison-first-6-days-nanis-a-rated-crime-thriller-performs-better-than-suriya-starrer-1386504 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Srinidhi Ramesh Shetty was born on 21 October 1992,<ref name="news18">{{Cite web |title=Birthday Special: KGF to Cobra, How Srinidhi Shetty's Popularity Grew One Film At A Time! |work=News18 |access-date=21 October 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bday-special-kgf-to-cobra-how-srinidhi-shettys-popularity-grew-one-film-at-a-time-6216025.html |archive-date=26 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026064209/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/bday-special-kgf-to-cobra-how-srinidhi-shettys-popularity-grew-one-film-at-a-time-6216025.html |url-status=live}}</ref> in a [[Mangalorean]] family of [[Tuluver|Tuluva]]s belonging to the [[Bunt (community)|Bunt]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definitely women in India are independent |work=[[TVP Polonia]] |date=29 July 2017 |access-date=31 December 2018 |url=https://tygodnik.tvp.pl/33413863/definitely-women-in-india-are-independent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231194128/https://tygodnik.tvp.pl/33413863/definitely-women-in-india-are-independent |archive-date=31 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Her father Ramesh Shetty is from the town of [[Mulki, India|Mulki]], and her mother Kushala is from [[Talipady|Thalipady Guthu]], [[Kinnigoli]].<ref>{{cite news |title=I am a Kannadiga, happy to start in Sandalwood |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/aug/16/i-am-a-kannadiga-happy-to-start-in-sandalwood-srinidhi-ramesh-shetty-1643702.html |access-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810110540/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/aug/16/i-am-a-kannadiga-happy-to-start-in-sandalwood-srinidhi-ramesh-shetty-1643702.html |archive-date=10 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

She was educated at Sri Narayana Guru English Medium School, followed by a pre-university course at [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius Pre-University College]]. She received a [[Bachelor of Electrical Engineering]] degree from [[Jain University]], [[Bengaluru]], and graduated with distinction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jainuniversity.ac.in/Miss-Supranational-India-2016-Srinidhi-Shetty-visits-her-alma-mater-Jain-University.php |title=Miss Diva 2016 (Srinidhi Shetty) is an Alumna of Jain University - SET |work=jainuniversity.ac.in |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119052158/http://www.jainuniversity.ac.in/Miss-Supranational-India-2016-Srinidhi-Shetty-visits-her-alma-mater-Jain-University.php |archive-date=19 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Pageantry==
In 2012, Shetty competed in the [[Clean & Clear]] sponsored Fresh Face contest, where she was among the top two finalists.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/mangaluru-srinidhi-ramesh-shetty-aspires-to-be-a-top-model-of-international-stature/ |title=Srinidhi Ramesh Shetty Aspires to be a Top Model of International Stature |work=mangalorean.com |date=27 April 2015 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219182622/https://www.mangalorean.com/mangaluru-srinidhi-ramesh-shetty-aspires-to-be-a-top-model-of-international-stature/amp/ |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Later, she participated in Manappuram Miss South India in 2015 and won the titles of Miss Karnataka and Miss Beautiful Smile,{{cn|date=April 2025}} and later participated in Manappuram Miss Queen of India where she was crowned as the 1st runner up and also named Miss Congeniality.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/mangaluru-mulki-maiden-srinidhi-r-shetty-is-miss-queen-of-india-first-runner-up/ |title=Mulki Maiden Srinidhi R Shetty is Miss Queen of India First Runner-up |first=Richard |last=Lasrado |date=21 April 2015 |work=Mangalorean.com |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206152000/http://www.mangalorean.com/mangaluru-mulki-maiden-srinidhi-r-shetty-is-miss-queen-of-india-first-runner-up/ |archive-date=6 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> She also worked as a model while employed at [[Accenture]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/the-engineer-who-won-miss-supranational/20161221.htm |title=The Engineer who won Miss Supranational |date=21 December 2016 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219182146/https://m.rediff.com/amp/getahead/report/the-engineer-who-won-miss-supranational/20161221.htm |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Srinidhi Shetty with her father (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Shetty seen with her father as Miss Supranational 2016]]

In 2016, Shetty participated in the [[Miss Diva - 2016|2016 Miss Diva]] pageant, where she was selected as a finalist and won the [[Miss Diva - 2016|Miss Supranational India 2016]] title.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-diva/miss-diva-contestants/2016/srinidhi-ramesh-shetty/contestantprofile/53481535.cms |title=Miss Diva 2016 - Srinidhi Ramesh Shetty contestant profile |work=The Times of India |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103074649/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-diva/miss-diva-contestants/2016/srinidhi-ramesh-shetty/contestantprofile/53481535.cms |archive-date=3 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Miss-Supranational-not-films-is-my-priority-now-Srinidhi-Ramesh-Shetty/articleshow/54291577.cms |title=Miss Supranational, not films, is my priority now: Srinidhi Ramesh Shetty |work=The Times of India |date=13 September 2016 |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230213932/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Miss-Supranational-not-films-is-my-priority-now-Srinidhi-Ramesh-Shetty/articleshow/54291577.cms |archive-date=30 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> She also won three subtitles for her smile, body and her photogenic face. She went on to represent India at [[Miss Supranational]] 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/newsmakers/indias-srinidhi-shetty-bags-miss-supranational-2016-crown |title=India's Srinidhi Shetty bags 'Miss Supranational 2016 crown |work=Khaleej Times |first=A |last=Sharadhaa |date=3 December 2016 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025192432/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/newsmakers/indias-srinidhi-shetty-bags-miss-supranational-2016-crown |url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 December 2016, she was crowned Miss Supranational 2016 by her predecessor Stephania Stegman of [[Paraguay]] in Municipal Sports and Recreation Center, [[Krynica-Zdrój]], [[Poland]]. She also won the title of Miss Supranational Asia and Oceania 2016 in the pageant.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mangaluru-girl-crowned-Miss-Supranational-2016/articleshow/55783127.cms |title=Mangaluru girl crowned Miss Supranational 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=4 December 2016 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412071948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mangaluru-girl-crowned-Miss-Supranational-2016/articleshow/55783127.cms |archive-date=12 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> During her reign as Miss Supranational 2016, Shetty traveled to [[United Arab Emirates]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-supranational/srinidhi-shetty-dubai-diaries/eventshow/56855925.cms |title=Srinidhi Shetty's Dubai Diaries |work=beautypageants.in |date=29 January 2017 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230121522/https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-supranational/srinidhi-shetty-dubai-diaries/eventshow/56855925.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> [[France]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.misssupranational.com/srinidhi-shetty-as-a-special-guest-of-miptv-in-cannes/ |title=Srinidhi Shetty as a special guest in MIPTV 2017 in Cannes, France. |work=Miss Supranational |date=6 April 2016 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219230300/https://www.misssupranational.com/srinidhi-shetty-as-a-special-guest-of-miptv-in-cannes/ |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/beauty-pageants/miss-diva/srinidhi-shetty-with-miss-supranational-japan-2017-finalists-candid-moments/videoshow/59204402.cms |title=Srinidhi Shetty with Miss Supranational Japan 2017 finalists |work=The Times of India |date=18 June 2017 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829011203/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/beauty-pageants/miss-diva/srinidhi-shetty-with-miss-supranational-japan-2017-finalists-candid-moments/videoshow/59204402.cms |archive-date=29 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Singapore]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-supranational/srinidhi-shetty-at-miss-singapore-supranational-2017-pageant/eventshow/60055839.cms |title=Srinidhi Shetty at Miss Singapore Supranational 2017 pageant |work=The Times of India |date=14 August 2017 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025192430/https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Thailand]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-supranational/srinidhi-shetty-gets-a-traditional-welcome-in-thailand/eventshow/60259139.cms |title=Miss Supranational Srinidhi Shetty gets a traditional welcome in Thailand |work=The Times of India |date=31 August 2017 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318011523/https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-supranational/srinidhi-shetty-gets-a-traditional-welcome-in-thailand/eventshow/60259139.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Slovakia]] and numerous trips around [[Poland]] and [[India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Srinidhi Shetty's Polish TV interview |date=8 December 2016 |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nil6hnmjcZc |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025192428/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=nil6hnmjcZc |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Miss Supranational 2016 Srinidhi Shetty arrives in Mumbai |date=10 December 2016 |url=https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-supranational/Srinidhi-Shetty-arrives-in-Mumbai/videoshow/55912494.cms |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=ETimes - Beauty Pageants |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413220601/https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-supranational/Srinidhi-Shetty-arrives-in-Mumbai/videoshow/55912494.cms |archive-date=13 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Acting career==
[[File:Srinidhi Shetty launches Max store in Bangalore (2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Shetty in 2019]]

Shetty made her acting debut with the 2018 [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] period action film, ''[[KGF: Chapter 1]]'' opposite [[Yash (actor)|Yash]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/Nov/13/kgf-has-set-the-benchmark-for-me-srinidhi-shetty-1897321.html |title=KGF has set the benchmark for me: Srinidhi Shetty |work=The Indian Express |first=A |last=Sharadhaa |date=13 November 2018 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134440/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/nov/13/kgf-has-set-the-benchmark-for-me-srinidhi-shetty-1897321.amp |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was directed by [[Prashanth Neel]]. She portrayed a head strong girl, Reena Desai.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/srinidhi-shetty-kgf-was-one-of-the-best-decisions-of-my-life/articleshow/65486875.cms |title=Srinidhi Shetty: 'KGF' was one of the best decisions of my life |work=The Times of India |date=12 October 2018 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409052933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/srinidhi-shetty-kgf-was-one-of-the-best-decisions-of-my-life/articleshow/65486875.cms |archive-date=9 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a box office success and became the [[List of highest-grossing Kannada films|highest grossing Kannada film]] of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yash's film KGF: Chapter 1 made more than Rs 250 crore at the box office worldwide and became a magnum-opus. Now, the makers are busy with pre-production work of KGF: Chapter 2. |date=9 February 2019 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-reveals-he-has-approached-sanjay-dutt-for-kgf-chapter-2-1452187-2019-02-09 |work=India Today |access-date=20 November 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327163005/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-reveals-he-has-approached-sanjay-dutt-for-kgf-chapter-2-1452187-2019-02-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R. of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' felt her character was "underwritten".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kumar R. |first1=Manoj |title=KGF movie review: An overstretched exercise in hero worship |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kgf-movie-review-rating-yash-5503903/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=22 December 2018 |language=en-IN |date=21 December 2018 |archive-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221112349/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kgf-movie-review-rating-yash-5503903/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film earned her nominations for [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South]] and [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIIMA 2019 Full Winner List: Yash, Keerthy Suresh and Vijay Deverakonda take home major awards|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/siima-2019-full-winner-list-yash-keerthy-suresh-and-vijay-deverakonda-take-home-major-awards-468092|access-date=2020-09-28|website=Pinkvilla|date=16 August 2019}}</ref>

In 2022, following a four year hiatus, she reprised her role of Reena in the film's [[sequel]], ''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Did you know that Srinidhi Shetty rejected seven films for 'KGF: Chapter 2'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-that-srinidhi-shetty-rejected-seven-films-for-kgf-chapter-2/articleshow/69113983.cms |work=The Times of India |date=30 April 2019 |access-date=15 November 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114022531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-that-srinidhi-shetty-rejected-seven-films-for-kgf-chapter-2/articleshow/69113983.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=KGF Chapter 2 Movie Review: Yash and Sanjay Dutt steal the show in this terrific action flick |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kgf-chapter-2-movie-review-yash-and-sanjay-dutt-steal-the-show-in-this-terrific-action-flick-1937234-2022-04-14 |website=[[India Today]] |date=14 April 2022 |access-date=14 April 2022 |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414040854/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/kgf-chapter-2-movie-review-yash-and-sanjay-dutt-steal-the-show-in-this-terrific-action-flick-1937234-2022-04-14 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film emerged as the [[List of Indian films of 2022|second highest grossing Indian film]] of the year and the [[List of highest grossing Kannada films|highest grossing Kannada film of all time]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kgf2-to-vikrant-rona-5-pan-india-kannada-films-that-shocked-the-indian-box-office/etphotostory/93181142.cms |title='KGF2' to 'Vikrant Rona', 5 Pan-India Kannada Films that shocked the Indian box-office |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 July 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424052946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kgf2-to-vikrant-rona-5-pan-india-kannada-films-that-shocked-the-indian-box-office/etphotostory/93181142.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Both the films also rank among the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film]] of all time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kgf-chapter-2-box-office-collection-day-50-yash-s-film-inches-closer-to-rs-1250-crore-globally-1957741-2022-06-03 |title=KGF Chapter 2 box office collection Day 50: Yash's film inches closer to Rs 1250 crore globally |date=3 June 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605111417/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/kgf-chapter-2-box-office-collection-day-50-yash-s-film-inches-closer-to-rs-1250-crore-globally-1957741-2022-06-03 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] stated, "Srinidhi looks stunning and delivers a worthy performance".<ref>{{cite web|title=K.G.F – Chapter 2 Movie Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/k-g-f-chapter-2/critic-review/k-g-f-chapter-2-movie-review/kgf-chapter-2-hindi-is-a-blockbuster-all-the-way/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=14 April 2022|access-date=14 April 2022|archive-date=14 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414091346/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/movie/k-g-f-chapter-2/critic-review/k-g-f-chapter-2-movie-review/kgf-chapter-2-hindi-is-a-blockbuster-all-the-way/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her performance earned her the [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=2023-08-02 |title=SIIMA 2023 nomination out. 'PS 1', 'RRR', 'KGF 2' and 'Kantara' bag top spots |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2023-nomination-list-out-ps-1-rrr-kantara-bag-top-spots-2415011-2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> In the same year, Shetty made her [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] debut with action thriller film ''[[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]'' alongside [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Srinidhi Shetty in talks for Vikram 58!! |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/Oct/16/kgf-actor-srinidhi-shetty-in-talks-for-vikram-58-2048077.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=16 October 2019 |access-date=16 October 2019 |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016154754/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/oct/16/kgf-actor-srinidhi-shetty-in-talks-for-vikram-58-2048077.amp |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a [[box-office bomb|box-office failure]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cobra box office collection Day 2: Chiyaan Vikram's film sees a huge drop |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-box-office-collection-day-2-chiyaan-vikram-s-film-sees-a-huge-drop-1995463-2022-09-02 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |date=2 September 2022 |quote=Cobra, was panned by critics and audiences alike. |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902040111/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-box-office-collection-day-2-chiyaan-vikram-s-film-sees-a-huge-drop-1995463-2022-09-02 |url-status=live}}</ref> She portrayed Bhavana Menon, a criminology professor. Her character received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cobra Movie Review: Chiyaan Vikram film hisses and misses |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-movie-review-chiyaan-vikram-and-irfan-pathan-film-hisses-and-misses-1994636-2022-08-31 |access-date=31 August 2022 |website=India Today |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=31 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831084030/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-movie-review-chiyaan-vikram-and-irfan-pathan-film-hisses-and-misses-1994636-2022-08-31 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Following another three year hiatus, Shetty expanded to [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films in 2025 with ''[[HIT: The Third Case]]''. She played an IPS officer Mrudula, opposite [[Nani (actor)|Nani]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-03 |title=KGF Actress Srinidhi Shetty Cast Opposite Nani In HIT 3; Joins Shoot In Vizag |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/kgf-actress-srinidhi-shetty-cast-opposite-nani-in-hit-3-joins-shoot-in-vizag-article-113890835 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/hit-3-trailer-out-nanis-arjun-sarkaar-returns-in-a-gritty-action-thriller-nc-125041400347_1.html|title=HIT 3 trailer out: Nani's Arjun Sarkaar returns in a gritty action thriller|website=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=14 April 2025}}</ref> Sangeeta Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, "Srinidhi is a welcome addition to the franchise, bringing both elegance and an unexpected twist to the narrative."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hit-3-telugu-movie-review-nani-lifts-a-visually-slick-but-uneven-thriller/article69521004.ece/|title=HIT 3 movie review: Nani lifts a visually slick but uneven thriller|website=The Hindu|date=1 May 2025|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> The film became a commercial success and the [[List of Telugu films of 2025|sixth highest grossing Telugu film]] of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=HIT 3 box office collection: Hits Rs 100 cr mark. Nani scores hat-trick in USA |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/hit-3-box-office-collection-hits-rs-100-cr-mark-nani-scores-hat-trick-in-usa/articleshow/120891014.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=6 May 2025 |language=en |date=5 May 2025}}</ref> She then played an IVF specialist Dr. Raaga Kumar in the Telugu film ''[[Telusu Kada]]'' opposite [[Siddhu Jonnalagadda]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=KGF fame Srinidhi Shetty to appear in the Telugu film Telusu Kada |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kgf-fame-srinidhi-shetty-to-mark-her-telugu-debut-with-telusu-kada-8623790.html |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314164858/https://www.news18.com/movies/kgf-fame-srinidhi-shetty-to-mark-her-telugu-debut-with-telusu-kada-8623790.html |url-status=live }}</ref> T. Maruthi Acharya of ''[[India Today]]'' stated, "Srinidhi leaves a strong mark in flashbacks and emotional sequences, giving Raaga depth and nuance with her performance."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Acharya |first1=T. Maruthi |title=Telusu Kada review: Siddu’s rom-com is engaging but confusing like modern-day love |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/telusu-kada-review-siddu-jonnalagadda-rom-com-is-engaging-but-confusing-like-modern-day-love-2804653-2025-10-17 |work=India Today |date=17 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Media image==
Shetty was named the [[Times of India|Bangalore Times Most Desirable Women]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bangalore Times Most Desirable Woman 2016: Srinidhi Shetty |access-date=27 February 2017 |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bangalore-times-most-desirable-woman-2016-srinidhi-shetty/articleshow/56732387.cms}}</ref> In the same list, she was placed 4th in 2018 and 2019, and 5th in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/the-queens-of-desire/articleshow/68012314.cms |title=Bangalore Times' Most Desirable Women of 2018: The queens of desire |work=Times of India |date=16 February 2019 |access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bangalore-times-top-30-most-desirable-women-of-2019/articleshow/74224298.cms |title=Bangalore Times' 30 Most Desirable Women of 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=17 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/meet-the-beautiful-ladies-who-make-up-bangalore-times-30-most-desirable-women-of-2020/articleshow/83095404.cms |title=Meet the beautiful ladies who make up Bangalore Times' 30 Most Desirable Women of 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=June 2021 |access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref> She is one of the most followed Kannada actress on [[Instagram]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/rashmika-mandanna-to-ramya-check-the-most-followed-kannada-actresses-on-instagram-8268835.html |title=Radhika Pandit to Milana Nagaraj: The most followed Kannada actresses on Instagram |work=News18 India |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" |Ref.
|-
| 2018
| ''[[KGF: Chapter 1]]''
| rowspan="2" | Reena Desai
| rowspan="2"| [[Kannada]]
|
|<ref>{{cite news |date=28 January 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/all-about-kgf-heroine-srinidhi-shetty/articleshow/62680715.cms |title=All about KGF heroine: Srinidhi Shetty |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904041045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/all-about-kgf-heroine-srinidhi-shetty/articleshow/62680715.cms |archive-date=4 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022
| ''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]''
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/dec/17/my-character-will-have-a-lot-of-depth-in-kgf-part-2-srinidhi-shetty-9254.html |title=My character will have a lot of depth in K.G.F Chapter 2: Srinidhi Shetty |author=Sharadhaa. A |publisher=Cinema Express |date=17 December 2018 |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108200900/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/dec/17/my-character-will-have-a-lot-of-depth-in-kgf-part-2-srinidhi-shetty-9254.html |archive-date=8 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]''
| Bhavana Menon
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kgf-actor-srinidhi-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-vikram-58-6072988/lite/ |title=KGF actor Srinidhi Shetty joins the cast of Vikram 58. |author=Gabbeta Ranjith Kumar |work=The Indian Express |date=17 October 2019 |access-date=17 October 2019 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516235336/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kgf-actor-srinidhi-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-vikram-58-6072988/lite/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
| ''[[HIT: The Third Case]]''
| [[Assistant Superintendent of Police|ASP]] Mrudula [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|<ref>{{cite news |date=3 October 2024 |title=Srinidhi Shetty signs her 2nd Telugu film HIT 3 with Nani: 'Another piece of my heart' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kgfs-srinidhi-shetty-signs-her-2nd-telugu-film-hit-3-with-nani-another-piece-of-my-heart-101727934339927-amp.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=5 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Telusu Kada]]''
| Dr. Raaga Kumar
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/telusu-kada-star-boy-siddhu-jonnalagaddas-next-with-raashii-khanna-and-srinidhi-shetty-launched-grandly-1252022 |title=Telusu Kada: 'Star Boy' Siddhu Jonnalagadda's next with Raashii Khanna and Srinidhi Shetty launched grandly |accessdate=18 October 2023 |work=Pinkvilla}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| {{Pending film|italic=no|''Aadarsha Kutumbam House No 47''}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Filming
|<ref>{{cite news |date=22 October 2025|title=Srinidhi Shetty joins the cast of Venkatesh, Trivikram film |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/srinidhi-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-venkatesh-trivikram-film-78593.html |work=Filmfare |access-date=31 October 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film
! Result
! {{Abbreviation|Ref.|References}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019
|[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Kannada|Best Female Debut – Kannada]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[KGF: Chapter 1]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/160819/siima-awards-2019-vijay-yash-keerthi-kgf-win-big-heres-full-winn.html |title=SIIMA Awards 2019: Vijay, Yash, Keerthi, KGF win big, here's full winners list |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=16 August 2019 |access-date=22 December 2019 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403190105/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood/160819/siima-awards-2019-vijay-yash-keerthi-kgf-win-big-heres-full-winn.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[66th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South|Best Female Debut – South]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominations for the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |website=Filmfare |date=13 December 2019 |access-date=13 December 2019 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212141500/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress – Kannada]]
|''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA Awards 2023: RRR, 777 Charlie win big; Jr NTR, Yash named Best Actors; Sreeleela and Srinidhi Shetty are Best Actresses |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-awards-2023-telugu-kannada-winners-list-jr-ntr-yash-rrr-kantara-8942103/lite/ |access-date=15 September 2023 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918081318/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-awards-2023-telugu-kannada-winners-list-jr-ntr-yash-rrr-kantara-8942103/lite/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|8635807}}
* {{Instagram|srinidhi_shetty}}
{{Commons}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{succession box
| before= '''{{flagicon|Paraguay}}''' Stephania Stegman
| title=[[Miss Supranational]]
| years=[[Miss Supranational 2016|2016]]
| after= '''{{flagicon|South Korea}}''' [[Jenny Kim]]}}
{{succession box
| before= '''{{flagicon|India}}''' [[Aafreen Vaz]]
| title=Miss Supranational Asia & Oceania
| years=[[Miss Supranational 2016|2016]]
| after= '''{{flagicon|Thailand}}''' Jiraprapa Boonnuang
}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Aafreen Rachael Vaz]]
| title=[[Miss Diva Supranational]]
| years=[[Miss Diva 2016|2016]]
| after=Peden Ongmu Namgyal
}}
{{S-end}}
{{Miss Supranational titleholders}}
{{Indian Beauty Pageant Representatives}}
{{Miss Supranational 2016 delegates}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shetty, Srinidhi Ramesh}}
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tulu actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Miss Supranational winners]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mangalore]]

Sanand

2026-02-23T15:02:35Z

Sergqpm: updated page after review and fixed typos for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sanand
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.98|N|72.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 38
| population_total = 41530
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 382 110
| registration_plate = GJ-38
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sanand''' is a city and a [[municipality]] in [[Ahmedabad district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]]. It is a major industrial hub of [[Western India]], with manufacturing plants of major domestic and foreign companies.

==History==
[[File:Ahmedabad District Map 1877.jpg|thumb|Sanand in map of Ahmedabad district under Bombay Presidency, British India 1877]]
Sanand was a small princely state ruled by the [[Vaghela (Gurjar clan)|Vaghela clan]]. Maharaj Jaywant Singh Vaghela of Sanand was a music connoisseur. In 1946, he invited [[Jasraj]], the well-known classical singer, who was still very young, and his family to Sanand.<ref name="jasraj1">{{cite news|last1=Paul|first1=Papri|title=My father died five hours before he was to be announced the royal musician in court of Osman Ali Khan|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31809&articlexml=MY-FATHER-DIED-FIVE-HOURS-BEFORE-HE-WAS-11122016104056|date=11 December 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|location=Hyderabad|accessdate=14 February 2019|archive-date=17 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517152852/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31809&articlexml=MY-FATHER-DIED-FIVE-HOURS-BEFORE-HE-WAS-11122016104056|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Now, Sanand is a [[Satellite city|satellite town]] of [[Ahmedabad]] city.

==Geography==
Sanand is located at {{Coord|22.98|N|72.38|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Sanand.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Sanand]. Fallingrain.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-11.</ref> It has an average elevation of 38 metres (124 feet).

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Sanand had a population of 41,530. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sanand has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 65%. In Sanand, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Economy==
[[File:Sanand Bus Station.jpg|thumb|[[GSRTC]] bus station, Sanand]]
Sanand is part of the dedicated Viramgam Special Investment Region of Gujarat.

Located near the city of Ahmedabad, Sanand is about 70 kilometres (40 miles) from a recently rebuilt international airport. Sanand is linked to Ahmedabad and Kutch by state highway 17. The state highway 17 joins India's National Highway 8, part of the recently completed 4-lane [[Golden Quadrilateral]] highway linking Sanand to many of the major industrial, economic and cultural regions of India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gujarat 2011 – Special Investment Regions|date=January 2011|publisher=Government of Gujarat, India|url=http://www.vibrantgujarat.com/documents/focus-areas/special-investment-regions-details.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125140034/http://vibrantgujarat.com/documents/focus-areas/special-investment-regions-details.pdf|archivedate=2011-11-25}}</ref> Sanand is connected by highway to [[Mundra Port]], a fully operational and one of the fastest growing, recently expanded sea ports in southeast Asia. Sanand is about 350 kilometres (220 miles) from Mundra port. Sanand is also close to the proposed [[Dholera Airport|Dholera port and international airport]].

In addition to highways, Sanand-Viramgam has an operational broad gauge railway network connecting it to major industrial centres of Gujarat.

Sanand has recently attracted commitments of billions of US dollars in investments from some of world's largest companies. Some of these companies have already started producing and shipping products, while others have announced facility completion and product shipment within the next 1–3 years. Some examples include:<ref>{{cite web|title=Gujarat Newsletter|date=September 2011|publisher=Government of Gujarat, India|url=http://www.vibrantgujarat.com/documents/news/Newsletter-Issue-11.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120192850/http://www.vibrantgujarat.com/documents/news/Newsletter-Issue-11.pdf|archivedate=2011-11-20}}</ref>

===Tata Motors===

[[Tata Motors]] in June 2010 rolled out the first [[Tata Nano|Nano]] cars from its main manufacturing plant at Northcote Cattle Farm. The construction time was a record-breaking 14 months. During the starting period the production plant employed 2,400 staff. Including the [[indirect jobs]] related to the plant, there were about 10,000 people depending on the initial production.

The plant has a capacity to manufacture 250,000 cars a year in the first phase, which will be scaled up to 500,000 cars a year. The project, including [[Tata Motors]] plant, vendor facilities and a railway transportation hub near Nidhrad Village, will together generate over 20,000 direct and indirect jobs. This plant uses land of Gujarat Agricultural University which was in the name of Government of Gujarat.

The plant currently manufactures Tiago and Tigor hatchbacks.

===Nano land controversy===
{{Main|Singur Tata Nano controversy}}

The 1,100 acres<ref name=S1>[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/from-nano-to-magna/442049/ From Nano to magna]. Business-standard.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-11.</ref> of Land which was allotted to Tata falls in villages Khoda and Bol in [[Sanand taluka|Sanand Taluka]].

According to one report:<ref name=S1/>
*Immediately after the Nano deal was confirmed, [[Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation]] had notified six villages for acquisition in Sanand. The farmers initially were under the impression that the authorities would take away their land with no compensation, and consequently about 3,000 of them protested. The government explained that it was not trying to get their land for free, declared the price of the land at Rs 1,200 per square metre (US$108,000 per acre), four-times the market price. The opposition crumbled and the farmers cooperated with the government.
*Post-acquisition, the locals claim one of the biggest gains to come out of the Nano project is that the environment in our village has improved drastically. The Gujarat government has placed significant efforts into preventing pollution and improving environmental quality in Sanand. It has given notice to factories, small as well as large, that emit high levels of pollution in the area to either leave or treat the pollutants. This has been well received by rural communities around Sanand.

Tata paid Rs 900/square metre (US$81,000 per acre) to Gujarat Government for the land in Sanand.<ref name="indianexpress1">[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ford-takes-tata-route-to-invest-rs-4k-cr-in-sanand/824025/0 Ford takes Tata route, to invest Rs 4K cr in Sanand]. Indian Express (2011-07-29). Retrieved on 2012-07-11.</ref>

=== Ford ===

* Car manufacturing plant<ref name="thehindubusinessline1">[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/article2301778.ece Business Line : Companies News : Ford drives into Sanand; to invest Rs 4,000 cr in new plant]. Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-11.</ref>
* Stamping plant<ref name="thehindubusinessline1"/>
* Car body paintshop<ref name="thehindubusinessline1"/>
* Engine plant<ref name="thehindubusinessline1"/>
* Final Assembly plant<ref name="thehindubusinessline1"/>

On 28 July 2011, [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] announced a deal to invest Rs 40 billion<ref name="intoday1">[http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/ford-to-set-up-second-plant-in-gujarat-first-in-chennai/1/17433.html Why Ford chose Sanand in Gujarat to set up its 2nd plant over Chennai – Business Today]. Businesstoday.intoday.in (2011-07-30). Retrieved on 2012-07-11.</ref> (U$906m)<ref name="philip1">{{cite news| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-28/ford-to-spend-40-billion-rupees-on-second-car-factory-in-india.html | work=Bloomberg | first=Siddharth | last=Philip | title=Ford Plans to Spend $906 Million on Car Factory in India's Gujarat State | date=2011-07-28}}</ref> to build a plant in Sanand.

The plant, spread over 460 acres,<ref name="thehindubusinessline1"/> will have a capacity to make 240,000 cars/year and 270,000 engines/year.<ref name="philip1"/> 5000 people will be employed at the plant,<ref name="philip1"/> another 25,000 indirectly and another 6000 in ancillary engineering, totalling 36,000 jobs.<ref name="indianexpress1"/>

The 460 acres was leased to Ford for Rs 1100/square metre while the prevailing market rate in the area is Rs 4000/square metre.<ref name="indianexpress1"/>

Gujarat was chosen as the location of the plant in order to cater to the demands of the burgeoning car markets of the North and North West of India.The President of Ford Asia-Pacific-Africa, Joe Hinrichs, said it takes 10 days to transport cars from its [[Chennai]] plant to [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref name="philip1"/> Sanand is on the [[Delhi-Mumbai freight corridor]] and can reach showrooms in northern states more quickly and cheaply.<ref name="firstpost1">[http://www.firstpost.com/business/gujarat-poised-to-challenge-chennai-as-auto-hub-heres-why-50497.html Gujarat poised to challenge Chennai as auto-hub, here’s why]. Firstpost. Retrieved on 2012-07-11.</ref>

Construction of the plant started in 2011 with car production beginning in 2014.<ref name="indianexpress1"/>

On May 30, 2022, Tata Motors signed an MOU with the Gujarat Government to acquire Ford's [[Sanand]] manufacturing plant.

===Hitachi Ltd===

Hitachi Hi-Rel Power Electronics Pvt Ltd announced a 60:40 joint venture between Japanese electronics major, Hitachi Ltd and Hi-Rel Electronics Pvt Ltd, an Ahmedabad-based power electronics products maker, is setting up a manufacturing facility of power equipment at Sanand near Ahmedabad.
Hitachi Hi-Rel is now a 100% Hitachi-owned company.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hitachi to set up facility in Sanand|date=November 2011|publisher=Business Standard|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hitachi-hi-rel-power-to-setfacility-in-sanand/454994/}}</ref>

=== GE ===

GE Power Systems India Private Limited (erstwhile Alstom [[Bharat Forge]] Power Private Limited) established a state-of-the-art steam turbines and generator manufacturing facility in 2013. It is a subsidiary of GE, the America-based global conglomerate. Manufacturing commenced in the 2015. The first turbine was dispatched from the factory in June 2016 for Solapur Super Thermal Power Station, a coal-fired power plant with two units of 660 MW capacity each owned by NTPC and situated in the state of Maharashtra.

The facility spans over an area of approximately 50 acres and is situated in the vicinity of Ford.

===Other industries===
The Indian pharmaceutical company [[Cadila Healthcare]] has a plant to make generic medicines at Moraiya within Sanand taluka.

Indian real estate giants, including DLF, Raheja, Parswanath, are in talks to acquire large land area near Sanand to develop major townships close to Ahmedabad. Singapore-based investment fund Isobar Global Holdings PTE. LTD. along with [[Capitaland|Capitaland Trust]] of Singapore have reportedly acquired large land parcels within Sanand District.

=== Industrial land availability ===

The state-owned Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation has acquired 5000 acres of land in and around Sanand for future use by industries.<ref name="firstpost1"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==External links==
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=sanand+gujarat+india&ie=UTF8&z=15 Sananad Google maps]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120523082552/http://vibrantgujarat.co.in/ Vibrant Gujarat]

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ahmedabad district]]

Aurobindo Pharma

2026-02-18T09:03:52Z

Sergqpm: typo fix

{{Short description|Indian multinational pharmaceutical company}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Aurobindo Pharma Limited
| logo = File:Aurobindo Pharma logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_alt = Aurobindo Pharma's Logo
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = 
| romanized_name =
| former_name =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{NSE|AUROPHARMA }} {{BSE|524804}}
| ISIN =
| industry = [[Pharmaceutical industry|Pharmaceuticals]]
| products = {{hlist|[[Pharmaceutical]]s |[[generic drug]]s |[[over-the-counter drug]]s |[[vaccine]]s |[[Medical diagnosis|diagnostics]] |[[contact lens]]es |[[Veterinary medicine|animal health]]<ref>{{ cite web |url=https://www.aurobindo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Aurobindo-Pharma-Limited-Annual-Report-2019-20.pdf |title=Aurobindo Pharma Limited Annual Report 2019-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813125147/https://www.aurobindo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Aurobindo-Pharma-Limited-Annual-Report-2019-20.pdf |archive-date=2020-08-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }}
| fate =
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founded = {{Start date and age|1986}} 
| founders = V. Ramprasad Reddy<ref name="Auro_01"/> K. Nityananda Reddy<ref name="Auro_01">{{cite web| url=https://www.aurobindo.com/about-us/ | title=Aurobindo Overview}}</ref>
| defunct = 
| hq_location = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| hq_location_city =
| hq_location_country =
| num_locations =
| num_locations_year = 
| area_served =
| brands =
| production =
| production_year = 
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|31724|c}} (2025)
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|6605|c}} (2025)
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|3484|c}} (2025)
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|49748|c}} (2025)
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|32646|c}} (2025)
| owner = 
| members =
| members_year = 
| num_employees = 23,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aurobindo.com/docs/annual-reports/aurobindo-ar-2016-17.pdf |title=Aurobindo Pharma Limited Annual Report 2016-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121001625/https://aurobindo.com/docs/annual-reports/aurobindo-ar-2016-17.pdf |archive-date=21 January 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| num_employees_year = 2020
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| module = 
| ratio = 
| rating = 
| website = {{URL|http://www.aurobindo.com/}}
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=yes}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Audited consolidated financial results for year ended March 31, 2025 |url=https://www.aurobindo.com/api/uploads/resultsannouncement/LtrToSEsOutcomeofBM26052025.pdf |publisher=Aurobindo Pharma |access-date=27 May 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Aurobindo Pharma Limited''' is an Indian multinational [[pharmaceutical]] manufacturing company based in [[HITEC City]], [[Hyderabad]], with U.S. [[headquarters]] in [[East Windsor, New Jersey|East Windsor]], [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]], [[New Jersey]]. The company manufactures [[Generic drug|generic]] pharmaceuticals and [[Active ingredient|active pharmaceutical ingredients]]. The company's area of activity includes six major therapeutic and product areas: antibiotics, anti-retrovirals, cardiovascular products, central nervous system products, gastroenterologicals, and anti-allergics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandindiapharma.in/pharmaceutical-companies-india/aurobindo-pharma-ltd|title=Aurobindo Pharma Ltd: Company Overview, History, Contacts {{!}} Brand India Pharma|website=www.brandindiapharma.in|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref> The company markets these products in over 125 countries.<ref name=":0" /> Its marketing partners include [[Pfizer]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140331072735/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-11-05/news/27598030_1_net-profit-aurobindo-pharma-forex-gains "Pfizer, Astra deals to drive Aurobindo Pharma's growth"], ''The Economic Times'', 5 November 2010</ref> and [[AstraZeneca]].
<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140331053923/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-09-06/news/27603805_1_aurobindo-pharma-dosage-and-sterile-products-uk-mhra "Aurobindo Pharma signs supply pact with AstraZeneca"], ''The Economic Times'', 6 September 2010</ref>

==History==
[[File:Clindamycin.jpg|thumb|Aurobindo Pharma [[clindamycin]] capsules]]
The company commenced operations in 1988–89 with a single unit manufacturing semi-synthetic [[penicillin]] (SSP) in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. Aurobindo Pharma became a [[public company]] in 1992 and listed its shares on the Indian [[stock exchange]]s in 1995. Aurobindo Pharma also has a presence in key therapeutic segments such as neurosciences, cardiovascular, anti-retrovirals, anti-diabetics, gastroenterologicals, and cephalosporins, among others.

Aurobindo Pharma features among the top 10 companies in India in terms of consolidated revenues.<ref name=":0" /> Aurobindo exports to over 125 countries with more than 70% of its revenues derived out of international operations, primarily from the U.S.

In 2014, Aurobindo purchased the generic operations of [[Actavis]] in seven Western European countries for US$41 million.<ref>{{cite news | type=paper | date=15 February 2014 | volume=34 | issue=4 | page=10 | work=[[Gen. Eng. Biotechnol. News]] | title=Aurobindo Buys Actavis' European Operations | department=News: Industry Watch }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.btvin.com/videos/watch/5197/aurobindo-to-buyout-actavis%27-eu-ops|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024025904/http://www.btvin.com/videos/watch/5197/aurobindo-to-buyout-actavis%27-eu-ops|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 October 2014|title=Aurobindo To Buyout Actavis' EU Ops|accessdate=20 January 2014| publisher=Bloomberg TV India}}</ref>

===Business expansion===
Aurobindo Pharma plans to expand its product portfolio with high-value products in [[oncology]], [[hormones]], [[biosimilars]], and novel drug delivery solutions like depot injections, inhalers, patches, and films. It has also set its sights on geographic expansion in new territories like [[Poland]], [[Italy]], [[Spain]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Portugal]], and [[France]], as the generic drug market in these countries is relatively small.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/aurobindo-pharma-to-focus-on-highvalue-products-in-us/article9722248.ece | title=Aurobindo Pharma to focus on high-value products in US | date=12 January 2018 | newspaper=Business Line | first=G Naga | last=Sridhar | accessdate=6 January 2019}}</ref>

In 2017, Aurobindo Pharma inked a pact to acquire Portugal's [[Generis Farmaceutica|Generis Farmaceutica SA]] from Magnum Capital Partners for a consideration of €135 million.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|date=2017-01-07|title=Aurobindo Pharma to acquire Portugal's Generis for €135 million|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/lv3KqcJ8s1e5hn68BKyfEO/Aurobindo-Pharma-to-acquire-Portugals-Generis-for-135-mill.html|access-date=2021-04-12|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> It also acquired four biosimilar products from Swiss firm TL Biopharmaceutical AG.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trivedi|first=Isha|date=2017-02-10|title=Aurobindo Pharma buys 4 biosimilar products from TL Biopharmaceutical|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/HeABAdTWeZEUHYDmNMxzcJ/Aurobindo-Pharma-buys-4-biosimilar-products-from-TL-Biopharm.html|access-date=2021-04-12|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

Aurobindo Pharma Ltd. signed a definitive agreement to purchase the Apotex businesses in Poland, the Czech Republic, the [[Netherlands]], Spain and [[Belgium]]. The agreement is conditional on the receipt of competition clearances for the transaction by the Dutch and Polish authorities. As part of the proposed sale, Apotex will enter into a transitional manufacturing and supply arrangement with Aurobindo to support the ongoing growth plans of these businesses.<ref>{{Cite press release|last=Limited|first=Aurobindo Pharma|title=Aurobindo Signs a Definitive Agreement to Acquire Apotex' Businesses in Poland, Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Spain and Belgium|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/aurobindo-signs-a-definitive-agreement-to-acquire-apotex-businesses-in-poland-czech-republic-the-netherlands-spain-and-belgium-808992512.html|access-date=2021-04-12|agency=PR Newswire|language=en}}</ref>

In May 2024, TheraNym Biologics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd signed a pact with [[Merck & Co.]] for expanding its biologics manufacturing facilities and exploring contract manufacturing operations for biologics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aurobindo arm TheraNym inks pact with MSD for biologics manufacturing|url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/aurobindo-arm-theranym-inks-pact-with-msd-for-biologics-manufacturing-124053101785_1.html|access-date=2024-06-01|work=Business Standard}}</ref>

==Legal issues==
In December 2016, 20 American [[State attorney general|attorneys general]] filed a [[Lawsuit|civil complaint]] accusing Aurobindo Pharma of a coordinated scheme to artificially maintain high prices for a generic antibiotic and diabetes drug. The complaint alleged [[Price fixing|price collusion schemes]] between six pharmaceutical firms including informal gatherings, telephone calls, and text messages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Katie |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/15/business/generic-drug-price-lawsuit-teva-mylan.html |title=20 States Accuse Generic Drug Companies of Price Fixing |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2016-12-15 |accessdate=2016-12-16 }}</ref>

On 11 April 2018, Aurobindo was featured in the Dutch documentary television program ''[[Zembla (TV series)|Zembla]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Manufacturer of Dutch medicines exploit workers and pollute the environment' - Zembla - BNNVARA|url=https://www.bnnvara.nl/zembla/artikelen/manufacturer-of-dutch-medicines-exploit-workers-and-pollute-the-environment|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Zembla|language=nl}}</ref> It details accusations against the company of both environmental damage and poor working conditions for their employees in [[Hyderabad, India]].

On 20 June 2019, Aurobindo received a warning letter from the [[US Food and Drug Administration|USFDA]] after an inspection of its drug manufacturing facility, Aurobindo Pharma Limited in [[Pydibhimavaram]], [[Srikakulam District]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Research|first=Center for Drug Evaluation and|date=2019-07-02|title=Aurobindo Pharma Limited - 577033 - 06/20/2019|url=https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/aurobindo-pharma-limited-577033-06202019|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Center for Drug Evaluation and Research|language=en}}</ref> The warning letter summarized significant deviations from [[Good manufacturing practice|current good manufacturing practices]] (cGMP) for [[active pharmaceutical ingredients]] (API).

On 7 October 2019, Aurobindo said it received seven observations from the USFDA for its unit-7 formulation plant in Telangana, with regard to potentially misleading documentation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/documents-potentially-misleading-in-aurobindo-pharmas-unit-vii-usfda/articleshow/71522222.cms|title=Documents potentially misleading in Aurobindo Pharma's Unit-VII: USFDA|date=2019-10-10|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref> This caused its share prices to drop over 20%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/company-stock/aurobindo-pharma-share-crashes-20-to-hit-52week-low-usfda-observations-lupin-glenmark-fall-up-to-9/story/383428.html|title=Aurobindo Pharma share crashes 20% to hit 52-week low on USFDA observations; Lupin, Glenmark fall up to 9%|website=businesstoday.in|date=7 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref>

==Recalls==
{{See also|Valsartan#recalls|Angiotensin II receptor blocker#recalls}}

In 2018,<ref name=ucm629213>{{cite web |title=Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. Initiates Voluntary Nationwide Consumer Level Recall of 80 Lots of Amlodipine Valsartan Tablets USP, Valsartan HCTZ Tablets, USP and Valsartan Tablets USP, Due to the Detection of NDEA (N-Nitrosodiethylamine) Impurity |website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |url=https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm629213.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101134409/https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm629213.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 January 2019 |date=31 December 2018 |quote=Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. is conducting a voluntary recall of 80 lots of Amlodipine Valsartan Tablets USP, Valsartan HCTZ Tablets, USP and Valsartan Tablets USP to the consumer level due to the detection of trace amounts of an unexpected impurity found in the finished drug product. The impurity detected in the finished drug product is N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), which is a substance that occurs naturally in certain foods, drinking water, air pollution, and industrial processes, and has been classified as a probable human carcinogen as per International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classification.}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> and 2019,<ref name=ucm632442>{{cite web |title=AurobindoPharma USA, Inc. Initiates a Voluntary Nationwide Consumer Level Recall Expansion of 38 Lots of Amlodipine Valsartan Tablets USP and Valsartan Tablets, USP due to the detection of NDEA (N-Nitrosodiethylamine) Impurity |website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |url=https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm632442.htm |date=1 March 2019 |quote=AurobindoPharma USA, Inc. and Acetris Health LLC. Are conducting a voluntary recall expansion of 39 lots of Valsartan and Amlodipine and Valsartan tablets to the consumer level due to the detection of trace amounts of an unexpected impurity found in the finished drug product. This recall is an expansion of the recall initiated 12/31/18 The impurity detected in the finished drug product is N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), which is a substance that occurs naturally in certain foods, drinking water, air pollution, and industrial processes, and has been classified as a probable human carcinogen as per International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classification.}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> Aurobindo Pharma USA recalled tablets containing [[valsartan]] due to the detection of [[N-Nitrosodiethylamine|''N''-Nitrosodiethylamine]] (NDEA) which is a probable human [[carcinogen]].

In November 2019, Aurobindo Pharma USA recalled [[ranitidine]] tablets, capsules, and syrup due to the detection of unacceptable levels of [[N-nitrosodimethylamine]] (NDMA).<ref>{{cite web | title=Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. Initiates Voluntary Nationwide Consumer Level Recall of 38 Lots of Ranitidine Tablets 150mg, Ranitidine Capsules 150mg, Ranitidine Capsules 300mg and Ranitidine Syrup 15mg/mL Due to the Detection of NDMA (Nitrosodimethylamine) Impurity | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=6 November 2019 | url=https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/aurobindo-pharma-usa-inc-initiates-voluntary-nationwide-consumer-level-recall-38-lots-ranitidine | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111033706/https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/aurobindo-pharma-usa-inc-initiates-voluntary-nationwide-consumer-level-recall-38-lots-ranitidine | archive-date=11 November 2019 | url-status=dead | access-date=10 November 2019 | quote=Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. is conducting a voluntary recall of 1 lot of Ranitidine Tablets 150mg to the retail level and 37 lots of Ranitidine Capsules 150mg, Ranitidine Capsules 300mg and Ranitidine Syrup 15mg/mL to the consumer level due to the detection of NDMA (Nitrosodimethylamine) Impurity in the finished product. The impurity detected is N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), which is a substance that occurs naturally in certain foods, drinking water, air pollution, and industrial processes, and has been classified as a probable human carcinogen as per International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classification.}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Companies|India|New Jersey}}
* [[Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area]]

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.aurobindo.com}}

{{Nifty 200 companies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of India]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1986]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1986]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Generic drug manufacturers]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]

A. Jayashankar

2026-02-15T19:57:20Z

Sergqpm:

{{Short description|Indian lawyer and socio-political critic (born 1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = A. Jayashankar
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| other_names = K. Rajeshwari
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1962|09|21}}
| birth_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|Social critic|Writer|Journalist|Political analyst}}
| years_active =
| known_for =
| spouse = {{Marriage|Jaya|2014}}
| children =
| website =
}}

'''A. Jayashankar''' (born 21 September 1962) is an Indian lawyer, and socio-political critic, who is a member of the [[Communist Party of India]]. He was known for his sarcastic articles published in ''[[Madhyamam Weekly]]'' under the pseudonym '''K. Rajeshwari'''. He anchored the weekly news analysing show ''Varanthyam'' in the [[Malayalam]] news channel [[Indiavision]].

==Early life==
Jayashankar was born in 1962 to Paamadath Vasudevan Pillai and Kalarikkal Saudamini In A [[Nair]] Family. He studied in Mar Athanasius High School, Nedumbassery, [[Union Christian College, Aluva]], and [[Government Law College, Ernakulam]]. He obtained post-graduation in Law and History with top ranks. Working as a lawyer since 1989. Served as Government Pleader in the [[Kerala High Court]] from 1996 to 2000. At the age of 51, he married Dr. Jaya in February 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nirbhayam.com/advocate-jayasankar-married|title = Advocate jayasankar married}}</ref>

==Works==
He had served as a Government Pleader from 1996 to 2000. He is known for his sarcastic articles published in ''[[Madhyamam Weekly]]'' under the pseudonym Rajeshwari. He anchored a weekly news analyzing television show ''Varanthyam'' in the [[Malayalam]] news channel [[Indiavision]]. He appears as a political analyst in various Malayalam television networks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Adv A Jayashankar|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/mbifl2020/speakers/adv-a-jayashankaradv-a-jayashankar-mbifl-2020-1.4471450|accessdate=8 August 2020|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=24 January 2020}}</ref> Jayashankar authored two books: ''Communist Bharanavum Vimochana Samaravum'', based on the [[First E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry]] and its dismissal, and ''Casting Manthrisabha'', about the downfall of the [[Second K. Karunakaran ministry]], a short-lived coalition government which survived just 81 days in Kerala with the help of [[casting vote]]. He was a member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) since 1986 and a member of CPI affiliated lawyers associations Kerala High Court Advocates' Branch Committee and the Indian Association of Lawyers.<ref>{{cite news|last=പട്ടാന്നൂർ|first=രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ|title=അഡ്വ. ജയശങ്കറിനെതിരേ സി.പി.ഐ.യിൽ പടയൊരുക്കം|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/cpi-may-take-action-against-a-jayashankar-1.3981240|accessdate=8 August 2020|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=24 July 2019|language=ml|archive-date=2 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802173523/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/cpi-may-take-action-against-a-jayashankar-1.3981240|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=TNN|title=CPI censures Jayashankar for hitting out at LDF|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/cpi-censures-jayashankar-for-hitting-out-at-ldf/articleshow/76915555.cms|accessdate=8 August 2020|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 July 2020}}</ref> He was removed from the CPI membership with effect from 20 July 2021. Instead of renewing the membership, the party returned the Rs 1330 he paid as a levy, via Google Pay. The decision was taken after informing the state leadership and some senior leaders in CPI.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CPI removes Adv Jayashankar from the party by returning levy; membership not renewed|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/cpi-removes-adv-jayashankar-from-party-by-returning-levy-membership-not-renewed-1.5846135|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Mathrubhumi|date=21 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The CPI Kerala state executive later cancelled the decision to expel Adv A Jayashankar from the organisation.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mathrubhumi|title=CPI decides to reinstate the membership of Adv Jayashankar|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-1.6356011|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Communist Bharanavum Vimochana Samaravum'' (Mathrubhumi Books, 2012)
* ''Casting Manthrisabha'' (Mathrubhumi Books, 2015)

==Filmography==
* 2023: ''Neru'' (News hour guest)
* 2014: ''Varanthyam'' (TV show) on [[Indiavision]] – Anchor
* 2014: ''[[Tamaar Padaar]]'' (film) – Narrator<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Pramod|title='The Great Indian Circus' Worth Ignoring|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2014/oct/05/%e2%80%98the-great-indian-circus%e2%80%99-worth-ignoring-668061.html|access-date=8 August 2020|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=5 October 2014}}</ref>

==Opinion==
* ''Opinion on various political subjects'' (YouTube, Jayashankar view)
He maintains a youTube Page on various subjects<ref>{{cite news|title='Adv Jayashankar View' |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUYelmXoQL2j_gJ5jEEQxkQ|accessdate=30 December 2021|work=[[YouTube ]]|date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Facebook|AdvocateAJayashankar}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayashankar, A.}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Aluva]]
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]

Nexus Vijaya Mall

2026-02-10T10:27:57Z

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{{short description|Shopping mall in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox shopping mall
| name = Nexus Vijaya Mall
| image = Nexus Vijaya.jpg
| caption = Nexus Vijaya Mall Chennai
| location = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13.03|N|80.20|E|display=inline, The Nexus Vijaya Mall}}
| address = 189, [[NSK Salai]], [[Arcot Road]], [[Vadapalani]]
| closing_date =
| developer = [[Prestige Group]]
| manager =
| owner =
| architect =
| number_of_stores = 100<ref name="The Forum Vijaya">{{cite web|url=https://www.forummalls.in/lease/leasing-vijaya/|title=The Forum Vijaya}}</ref>
| number_of_anchors = 10
| floor_area = {{cvt|650000|sqft}}<ref name="The Nexus Vijaya">{{cite web|url=https://www.nexusmalls.com/|title=The Nexus Vijaya}}</ref>
| parking = Basement & MLCP (3000 car parks)
| floors =
| website = {{URL|https://www.nexusselecttrust.com/nexus-vijaya}}
| belowstyle =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nexus Vijaya Mall''' is a shopping mall located in [[Vadapalani]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]], developed by [[Prestige Group]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/lots-in-store-for-movie-buffs/article3442278.ece|title=Lots in store for movie buffs|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> This mall has approx 650,000 square feet of retail space.<ref name="The Nexus Vijaya"/> More than 100 shops occupy its four floors. This mall distinguishes itself by being local by housing Chennai-based brands in the mall such as Spar Hypermarket, RmKV, Lifestyle, Max, Westside, Fab India and Via South.<ref name="Shops">{{cite web |title=The Nexus Vijaya : Shops and restaurants |url=https://www.nexusmalls.com/nexus-vijaya/brands |website=Nexus Vijaya |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410031636/https://www.nexusmalls.com/nexus-vijaya/brands |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is also home to PVR Cinemas' Palazzo multiplex and an [[IMAX]] screen as well.

==Shops==
[[File:Forum Vijaya Mall in Chennai (India).jpg|alt=|thumb|The Nexus Vijaya from the inside]]
In terms of shops, each floor has been categorized such as ground floor for formal wear, first floor for casual & ethnic wear, second floor for Electronic and Travel and third floor for cinemas and food court . Some of the branded shops in the mall are [[Lifestyle Stores|Lifestyle]], Park Avenue, Louis Philipe, Arrow, Ruosh, Basics, [[Levi Strauss & Co.|Levi]], [[Hidesign]], [[Reebok]], [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], [[Adidas]], [[Puma (brand)|Puma]], Wildcraft, Soch, [[Indian Terrain]], W, Jockey, Melange, Kalanikethan, Funskool, Van Heusen, Manyavar, [[U.S. Polo Assn.]], UCB, Colorplus, [[FirstCry|Firstcry.com]], Mothercare, HP, [[Lenovo]], VIP, Witco, [[Bata Corporation|Bata]], Gini&Jony.

==More important Shops==
*
*[[Casio]]
*Via South
*Zebronics
*[[Skechers]]
*[[Sony]]
*[[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]]
*Poorvika
*ID
*Mochi
*Peter England
*The Arvind Store
*Veneto
*Max
*Biba
*Flying machine
*Global Desi
*Health & Glow
*IMAX
*Nalli
*RmKV
*Galito's
*SALT restaurant
*Food Court
*[[KFC restaurant]]
*Femiga
*Spar Hypermarket
*PVR Palazzo
*Zimson
*Trends Women
*House of Candy
*ACT Fibernet
*Fun City
*[[Hamleys]]
*Westside
*[[McDonald's]]
*Limelite
*[[L'Oréal|L'OREAL]]
*Sneakers
*Kerastase Paris

==Entertainment==
* This mall houses an 09-screens multiplex from [[PVR Cinemas]] titled ''PVR Palazzo'' and also one [[IMAX]] screen, the second in the city.
* ''Fun city'' a gaming and entertainment zone for kids located at level 3 and 4.
*Forum Express, Kiddie Rides, VR Games etc.[[File:Forum Vijaya Mall Chennai - Interior.jpg|thumb|Nexus Vijaya Mall - Central Atrium]]

==Food and dining==
Nexus Mall's food court named as ''Via South'' indicates that most of the food stalls here have southern blend into their food. This food court has an 650-seat capacity, and major F&B's like [[KFC]], [[McDonald's]], Junior Kuppanna, Galito's, Taco Bell, [[Burger King]], Beijing Bites, Tuk Tuk, Dosa & co, Wow! Momo, Pandikadai, Arabian Hut, Vasanta Bhavan, Amaravathi, Tibbs Frankie, Ibaco, Squeez Juice Bars, Ibakes, Sandwich Square, Madras Coffee House, [[Domino's Pizza]], Cookieman, [[Krispy Kreme]], Cafe Coffee Day, Kalmane Koffees, Salt restaurant, Cream & Fudge, Subway, Bombaysthan, The Belgian Waffle Co, The pasta bar Venetto, ID, Cream centre are located in Nexus Vijaya mall.<ref name="Shops"/>

[[File:FORUM VIJAYA Chennai Tamil Nadu India.jpg|thumb|House of Candy, @ NEXUS VIJAYA, Shopping Mall, Vadapalani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.]]

==Amenities==
*Info-desk
*First aid
*Wheelchairs
*Reserved parking for disabled and mothers to be
*Disabled bathrooms
*Babycare room
*Baby prams
*Cab station
*Lost & Found
*Car spa
*ATM's
*Free Wi-fi
*Prayer room
*Bike Spa
*Premium Parking
*Bag & Shoe repair

[[File:FVM PALAZZO 3F I 1.jpg|thumb|Palazzo Cinemas]]
[[File:FVM JN ROAD VIEW.jpg|thumb|JNR Road view]]
[[File:FVM front facade.png|thumb|The Nexus Vijaya Mall, facing Arcot road, Chennai, (night view)]]

[[File:The FORUM VIJAYA Chennai Tamil Nadu India.jpg|thumb|Inside The 'NEXUS VIJAYA', Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Shopping malls in India}}

[[Category:Shopping malls in Chennai]]
[[Category:Shopping malls established in 2013]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Prestige Group]]

Arvind Joshi

2026-01-29T01:23:16Z

Sergqpm: put up first entry w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian actor (1936–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arvind Joshi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1936}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|29 January 2021|1936}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Playwright|director}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Usha Joshi|1957}}
| children = [[Manasi Joshi Roy]] (daughter) [[Sharman Joshi]] (son)
| relatives = [[Pravin Joshi]] (brother)
| website =
| signature =
}}

'''Arvind Joshi''' (1936 {{endash}} 29 January 2021) was an Indian film and theatre actor, playwright and director known for his work in [[Gujarati theatre]] and [[Gujarati cinema]]. He was the father of actors [[Manasi Joshi Roy]] and [[Sharman Joshi]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Jaisinghani |first=Bella |title=Gujarati actor Arvind Joshi passes away |website=The Times of India |date=2021-01-30 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/gujarati-actor-arvind-joshi-passes-away/articleshow/80593789.cms |access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Panchal |first=Komal RJ |title=Gujarati actor Arvind Joshi passes away at 84 |website=The Indian Express |date=2021-01-30 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/actor-arvind-joshi-passes-away-7166172/ |access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref>

==Biography==
He was born and raised in [[Mumbai]]. He worked as a theatre artist for around a decade before starting his career in Hindi film industry. He played major roles in Gujarati films including ''Garvo Garasiyo'', ''Gher Gher Matina Chula'' and ''Dhola Maru'', ''Tadka Chhaya'', ''[[Mendi Rang Lagyo]]'' and ''Govaliyo''. He acted in Hindi films like [[Sholay]] (1975), ''[[Ittefaq (1969 film)|Ittefaq]]'' (1969), ''[[Apmaan Ki Aag]]'' (1990), ''[[Ab To Aaja Saajan Mere]]'', and ''[[Love Marriage (1984 film)|Love Marriage]]''.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Arvind Joshi, face of Gujarati theatre, dies at 84, Paresh Rawal calls it Irreparable loss to Indian theatre |website=Hindustan Times |date=2021-01-29 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/arvind-joshi-face-of-gujarati-theatre-dies-at-84-101611903984170.html |access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sharman Joshi's father, actor Arvind Joshi dies at 84 |website=The Hindu |date=2021-01-29 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sharman-joshis-father-actor-arvind-joshi-dies-at-84/article33695749.ece |access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref>

He died on 29 January 2021 in [[Vile Parle]], Mumbai, aged 84.<ref name=":0"/> He was married and had two children, [[Manasi Joshi Roy]] and [[Sharman Joshi]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Gujarati actor Arvind Joshi, Sharman Joshi's father, dies |website=DNA India |date=2021-01-29 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-gujarati-actor-arvind-josh-sharman-joshi-father-dies-at-nanavati-hospital-mumbai-2871524 |access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref>

He acted in the play like ''Rahuketu'', ''Lady Lalkunwar'', ''Khelando'', ''Banshayya'', ''Baraf Na Chehra'', ''Jaldi Kar Koi Joee Jashe''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Farewell, Arvind Joshi |url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/Articles/21/jan/arvind-joshi-a-legend-passes-sharman-joshi-father.asp |website=mumbaitheatreguide |access-date=2021-02-13}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Hindi films===
*''[[Ittefaq (1969 film)|Ittefaq]]'' (1969)
*''Gupt Gyan'' (1974)
*''[[Sholay]]'' (1975)
*''Pati Parmeshwar'' (1978)
*''[[Love Marriage (1984 film)|Love Marriage]]'' (1984)
*''Chhota Aadmi'' (1986)
*''Uddhar'' (1986)
*''[[Naam (1986 film)|Naam]]'' (1986)
*''[[Thikana (film)|Thikana]]'' (1987)
* ''Kharidar'' (1988)
*''[[Apmaan Ki Aag]]'' (1990)
* ''Pyaar Ka Toofan'' (1990)
* ''Ab To Aaja Saajan Mere'' (1994)
*''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]'' (1999)

===Gujarati films===
*''Chundadi Chokha'' (1961)
*''[[Kanku]]'' (1969)
*''Hasta Melap'' (1969)
*''Veli Ni Aavya Phool'' (1970)
*''Janamteep'' (1974)
*''Raa Maandlik'' (1975)
*''Ver No Waras'' (1976)
*''[[Daku Rani Ganga]]'' (1976)
*''Gher Gher Matina Chula'' (1977)
*''Garvo Garasiyo'' (1979)
*''Putra Vadhu'' (1982)
*''Dhola Maru'' (1983)
*''Footpath Ni Rani'' (1984)
*''Maa Na Aansu'' (1984)
*''Nana Vagar No Nathiyo'' (1984)
*''Jagat Jogini Maa Khodiyar'' (2006)
*''Char Dishayen Maa Chaherma'' (2000)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm0430787}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Arvind}}
[[Category:Male actors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors in Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]

Marshall Scholarship

2026-01-21T15:17:10Z

Sergqpm: new bio

{{Short description|Postgraduate scholarship}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Marshall Scholarship
| image = Marshall Scholarship logo.svg
| image_size = 170px
| website = {{URL|https://www.marshallscholarship.org/|marshallscholarship.org}}
| awarded_for = Americans to study for a graduate degree in the United Kingdom
| sponsor = Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission
| established = 1953 by [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]
}}

The '''Marshall Scholarship''' is a [[Postgraduate student|postgraduate]] [[scholarship]] for "intellectually distinguished young Americans [and] their country's future leaders" to study at any university in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=United States no. 2 (1953). Proposed arrangements for the administration of the marshall scholarship scheme |url=https://www.marshallscholarship.org/media/1248/1953actofparliamentwithadminregs.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.marshallscholarship.org/media/ |archive-date=May 1, 1953 |publisher=Marshall Scholarships}}</ref> It is considered among the most prestigious scholarships for U.S. citizens, and along with the [[Fulbright Scholarship]], it is the only broadly available scholarship available to Americans to study at any university in the United Kingdom.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news |last=Ivry |first=Sara |date=January 12, 2003 |title=Other Roads |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/12/education/other-roads.html |access-date=July 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=January 26, 2011 |title=10 Most Prestigious Scholarships In America |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/10-most-prestigious-scholarships-in-america/ |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=December 15, 1996 |title=Ambassador Names Marshall Scholars |pages=54 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/15/nyregion/ambassador-names-marshall-scholars.html |access-date=July 23, 2022}}</ref>

Created by the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] in 1953 as a living gift to the [[United States]] in recognition of the generosity of [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[George C. Marshall]] and the [[Marshall Plan]] in the wake of [[World War II]], the goal of the scholarship was to strengthen the [[Special Relationship]] between the two countries for "the good of mankind in this turbulent world."<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/history|title=Message from General George Marshall|website=www.marshallscholarship.org}}</ref> The scholarships are awarded by the [[Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission]] and are largely funded by the British government.<ref name="63rd annual report">{{cite book|title=Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission / Year ending 30 September 2016 / 63rd Annual Report|date=March 2017|publisher=Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission|isbn=978-1-4741-4013-3|url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/63rd_annual_report|access-date=June 16, 2017}}</ref> The program was also the first major co-educational British graduate scholarship; one-third of the inaugural cohort in 1954 were women. With nearly 1,000 university-endorsed applicants in recent years—along with many more who apply but do not receive their university's endorsement—the Marshall Scholarship ranks among the most selective graduate scholarships for Americans. Among university-endorsed applicants, the acceptance rate typically ranges from three to four percent, reaching as low as 3.2 percent in 2015 and 3.6 percent for the 2025 class.<ref name="marshallscholarship2015">{{cite web |date= |title=Annual Reports |url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/the-commission/annual-reports |access-date=May 30, 2019 |website=Marshall Scholarships}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nietzel |first=Michael T. |title=Thirty-Six American Students Named Marshall Scholars For 2025 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2024/12/16/thirty-six-american-students-named-marshall-scholars-for-2025/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

There are over 1,900 [[#Marshall Scholars|Marshall Scholar alumni]].<ref name="marshallscholarship2015" /> Many of these alumni have achieved distinctions and hold prestigious careers. In the government, current alumni include an Associate Justice of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]], members of [[United States Congress|Congress]] and [[Cabinet of the United States|presidential cabinets]], and state [[Governor (United States)|governors]]. Alumni are CEOs of companies such as [[LinkedIn]] and [[Dolby Labs]], and managing editors of [[TIME|''Time'' magazine]] and [[CNN]]. They are also deans of [[Yale Law School]], [[Stanford Law School]], the [[John F. Kennedy School of Government|Harvard Kennedy School]] and [[Harvard College]]; and presidents of [[Duke University]], [[Wellesley College]], the [[Cooper Union]], and [[Caltech]]. They also include two [[Nobel Laureate|Nobel Laureates]], a winner of the [[Kluge Prize]], six [[Pulitzer Prize]]–winning authors, fourteen [[MacArthur Genius Grant]] awardees, [[Anne McClain|NASA's youngest astronaut]], two [[Academy Award|Oscar]] nominees, and [[Kim Campbell (pilot)|one awardee]] of the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] for service during the [[Iraq War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni - Marshall Scholarships |url=https://www.marshallscholarship.org/alumni |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=www.marshallscholarship.org |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Marshall Scholar Alumni by Year from Association of Marshall Scholars |url=https://marshallscholars.org/alumni-by-year |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Association of Marshall Scholars |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:George Catlett Marshall, general of the US army.jpg|thumb|[[George C. Marshall]], for whom the scholarships are named]]

=== Founding and motivation ===
Plans to establish Marshall Scholarships as a living memorial to [[United States Secretary of State]] [[George C. Marshall]] was announced by [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|British Foreign Secretary]] [[Anthony Eden]] on 31 July 1952, and were enacted by the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] with the [[Marshall Aid Commemoration Act 1953]].<ref>''Britain to Set Up 12 Scholarships for U.S. Students''. The Washington Post, August 1, 1952.</ref>

While the authors of the proposal initially considered partnering with the [[Rhodes Scholarship]] and even considered using the same selection committees, this idea was eventually disregarded because its proponents strongly believed the scholarships should be available to women, and to married men under the age of 28; at the time, the Rhodes Scholarship was limited to single men under the age of 25. The creation of a separate scholarship was a cause of great concern to Lord [[Godfrey Elton]], the head of the [[Rhodes Trust]] at the time, who worried that the ability to study at other universities would draw potential applicants. He urged the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]] to create a "reverse exchange" for British students in the United States instead.<ref>{{cite book | last=Mukharji | first=Aroop | title=Diplomas and Diplomacy | publisher=Springer | date=2016-05-30 | isbn=978-1-137-58653-7 | pages = 31–32}}</ref> The Rhodes Scholarship became open to women beginning in 1977 following the passage of the British Sex Discrimination Act in 1975.<ref name="nytimes.com"/>

In 1959, when Parliament doubled the number of scholars from 12 to 24, British politician [[Philip Noel-Baker]] argued that "Marshall, more than perhaps any other man, destroyed isolation in the United States and built up the conception that only collective security through international institutions can save the world...I think the world has never seen an act of greater national generosity than Marshall aid and the other aid which the United States has given to other continents throughout the last 15 years." By 1960, six years after its establishment, the scholarship was "on its way to becoming as well-known and respected as the fellow phrase, "Rhodes [Scholarship]," and both scholarships attracted roughly 500 to 600 applicants.<ref>Stanford, Neal. ''Marshall Scholars: Terms Compared''. The Christian Science Monitor, January 18, 1960.</ref>

As part of the celebrations for the 50th Anniversary of the Marshall Scholarships in 2003, a [[Marshall Medal]] was awarded to distinguished Americans in recognition of their contributions to UK-US relations, including [[Stephen Breyer]] (1959 Marshall Scholar), [[Ray Dolby]] (1957 Marshall Scholar), [[Thomas L. Friedman]] (1975 Marshall Scholar) and [[Nannerl Keohane]] (1961 Marshall Scholar).<ref>{{cite web |title=HRH presents Marshall Medals at Senate House, London |url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news-and-diary/hrh-presents-marshall-medals-senate-house-london |website=Prince of Wales}}</ref>

In the early years of the Marshall Scholarship, it was common for new scholars to travel together to the UK on an [[ocean liner]], but now scholars are usually flown together to London from [[Washington, D.C.]] following a welcome program at the [[White House]] with top United Kingdom and United States government and diplomatic officials.

=== Evolution ===
In 1954, the first year Marshall Scholarships were awarded, 700 students applied, 74 were interviewed, and 12 were ultimately selected (eight men and four women). Two came from Stanford, and the rest from Harvard, Princeton, Dartmouth, Bowdoin, Bryn Mawr, Kentucky, Oberlin, Utah, Virginia and Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our history - Marshall Scholarships |url=https://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/our-history |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=www.marshallscholarship.org |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In 1956, [[Claremont McKenna College|Claremont McKenna]] student [[Hugh Gallagher (advocate)|Hugh Gallagher]] became the first wheelchair user to be selected as a Marshall Scholar, which he used to study at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]. He went on to draft the [[Architectural Barriers Act of 1968]], which required that buildings built with federal funds be made accessible to all and was enacted by [[Lyndon B. Johnson|President Lyndon B. Johnson]]. This was a precursor to the [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990]]. "Hugh's most outstanding contribution to the quality of life of people with disabilities was to successfully place disability rights on Congress' agenda for the first time," former Senate majority leader [[Bob Dole]] wrote for an event honoring Gallagher in 1995.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hugh Gallagher Dies: Crusaded for Disabled |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2004/07/16/hugh-gallagher-dies/85d24496-db8b-4669-a244-7b362acec759/ |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>

In 1963, [[Boston University]] graduate student John Willis became the first African American to be selected for a Marshall Scholarship, which he used to study at the [[SOAS University of London|School of Oriental and African Studies]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2000 |title=The First Black Marshall Scholar |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2678972 |journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education |issue=27 |pages=19 |jstor=2678972 |issn=1077-3711}}</ref> Willis became a professor emeritus of Near Eastern studies at [[Princeton University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Willis, professor emeritus of Near Eastern studies, dies - 12/17/2007 - Princeton Weekly Bulletin |url=https://pr.princeton.edu/pwb/07/1217/willis/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=pr.princeton.edu}}</ref>

The number of scholars increased to thirty in 1973, forty in 1991, and 44 between 2004 and 2007. In 2010, the commission decided to offer a limited number of one-year awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Marshall Scholarships: Corporate Plan 2013-2016 |url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/corporateplan2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122225901/http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/corporateplan2014 |archive-date=January 22, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2015 |website=Marshall Scholarship |publisher=Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission}}</ref> In 2016, the Foreign Office announced that forty scholars had been selected, a 25 percent increase over the originally planned 32, with Foreign Office Minister [[Alok Sharma]] calling it a demonstration of how "resolute Britain is in its commitment to the special relationship."<ref>{{cite web |title=UK announces more scholarships for US students to strengthen links with USA |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-announces-more-scholarships-for-us-students-to-strengthen-links-with-usa |website=www.gov.uk}}</ref>

On 7 June 2023, British Prime Minister [[Rishi Sunak]], from his office at [[10 Downing Street]], announced an expansion to the funding allotted for Marshall Scholarships, writing in a press release that "the number of Marshall scholarships will increase by 25%, to 50 places a year."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marshallscholars.org/news-and-updates/prime-minister-announces-marshall-scholarship-increase|title=Prime Minister Announces Increase in Marshall Scholarships and Future Funding|website=Association of Marshall Scholars}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-to-host-first-global-summit-on-artificial-intelligence|title=UK to host first global summit on Artificial Intelligence|date=7 June 2023|website=GOV.UK}}</ref> Accordingly, 51 students were selected as 2024 Marshall Scholars, the largest cohort in the scholarship's 70-year history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nietzel |first=Michael T. |title=The Marshall Scholars For 2024 Have Been Announced |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2023/12/11/the-marshall-scholars-for-2024-have-been-announced/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> However, only 36 students were selected the next year as 2025 Marshall Scholars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nietzel |first=Michael T. |title=Thirty-Six American Students Named Marshall Scholars For 2025 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2024/12/16/thirty-six-american-students-named-marshall-scholars-for-2025/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

== Objectives ==
In a letter to the first class of Marshall Scholars, [[George Marshall]] echoed his own words in initially presenting his ideas for European recovery by saying, "A close accord between our two countries is essential to the good of mankind in this turbulent world of today, and that is not possible without an intimate understanding of each other. These scholarships point the way to the continuation and growth of the understanding which found its necessity in the terrible struggle of the war years."<ref name=":3" />

The published objectives of the Marshall Scholarships are outlined as follows:
# "To enable intellectually distinguished young Americans, their country's future leaders, to study in the UK."
# "To help scholars gain an understanding and appreciation of contemporary Britain."
# "To contribute to the advancement of knowledge in science, technology, the humanities and social sciences, and the creative arts at Britain's centres of academic excellence."
# "To motivate scholars to act as ambassadors from the U.S. to the UK and vice versa throughout their lives thus strengthening British American understanding."
# "To promote the personal and academic fulfillment of each scholar."<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=2024 Rules for candidates wishing to apply for a two year MarshallScholarship|url=https://www.marshallscholarship.org/media/2553/rules-2-year-2024_v3-final.pdf|date=2024}}</ref>

== Selection ==

=== Selection criteria ===
The first proposed 1953 arrangement of the Marshall Scholarship, a 10-page document presented by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, instructed selectors to "look for distinction of intellect and character as evidenced both by their scholastic attainment and by other activities and achievements."<ref name=":5" /> It specified:<blockquote>Preference will be given to candidates who combine high academic ability with the capacity to play an active part in the life of the United Kingdom university to which they go. A Marshall scholar, as the possessor of a keen intellect and a broad outlook, would be thought of as a person who would contribute to the aims General Marshall had in mind when, speaking at Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the 5th of June, 1947 of economic assistance for Europe, he said, "An essential part of any successful action on the part of the United States is an understanding on the part of the American people of the character of the problem and the remedies to be applied. Political passion and prejudice should have no part. With foresight and the willingness on the part of our people to face up to the vast responsibilities which history has clearly placed upon our country, the difficulties...can and will be overcome."<ref name=":5" /></blockquote>Prospective applicants must first be endorsed by their universities to apply. The selection process is then coordinated through the eight major British embassy/consulate regions in the United States ([[Atlanta]], [[Boston]], [[Chicago]], [[Houston]], [[Los Angeles]], [[New York City|New York]], [[San Francisco]], and [[Washington, D.C.]]). Selection committees in each region, consisting of former scholars and other distinguished individuals, receive university-endorsed applications (including personal statements and essays) which are used to select a short list of candidates for interviews. Each committee then interviews each of the regional finalists before making the final decisions on the year's awards. In 2014, sixteen percent of university-endorsed applicants received an interview.<ref name="marshallscholarship2015" />

Although most of the responsibility for selecting the recipients is in the hands of the committees, a few formal guidelines have been outlined in the official selection criteria, most notably:

<blockquote>As future leaders, with a lasting understanding of British society, Marshall Scholars will strengthen the enduring relationship between the British and American peoples, their governments, and their institutions. Marshall Scholars are talented, independent, and wide-ranging in their interests, and their time as Scholars will enhance their intellectual and personal growth. Their direct engagement with Britain through its best academic programmes will contribute to their ultimate personal success. In appointing Scholars the selectors will look for a distinction of intellect and character as evidenced both by their scholastic attainments and by their other activities and achievements. Preference will be given to candidates who display the potential to make a significant contribution to their own society. Selectors will also look for strong motivation and seriousness of purpose, including the presentation of a specific and realistic academic programme.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=2021 |title=Who is eligible |url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/fellowships/eligible |access-date=July 23, 2022 |website=Marshall Scholarships}}</ref></blockquote>Between 900 and 1000 students are typically endorsed to apply for the Marshall Scholarship annually. In 2015 and 2016, 3.2 and 3.5 percent of university-endorsed applicants to the Marshall Scholarship were elected.<ref name="marshallscholarship2015" /><ref name="jennajohnson">{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Jenna |date=November 26, 2013 |title=Meet the 2014 Rhodes Scholars |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/meet-the-2014-rhodes-scholars/2013/11/26/ea276b1a-5600-11e3-835d-e7173847c7cc_story.html}}</ref> In 2020, 1,000 students were endorsed, 160 interviewed, and 46 selected.<ref name="marshallscholarship2015" />

The Marshall selection committees place a strong emphasis on academic achievement and potential, and as such the application requires a minimum GPA of 3.7. Successful applicants, however, typically have much higher GPAs—more than half of applicants have perfect academic records.<ref>{{cite web|title = The Marshall Scholarship {{!}} Writing Personal Statements Online|url = https://www.e-education.psu.edu/writingpersonalstatementsonline/p5_p7.html|website = www.e-education.psu.edu|access-date = December 26, 2015}}</ref> Winners from [[Harvard University]] have had average GPA of 3.92, and [[Stanford University]] recommends that applicants have a GPA of 3.8 or above.<ref>{{cite web |title=Should I Apply |url=https://icenter.stanford.edu/orc/Handouts/RM_1_Should_I_Apply.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305184144/https://icenter.stanford.edu/orc/Handouts/RM_1_Should_I_Apply.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=December 26, 2015 |website=Stanford University |publisher=The Overseas Resource Center}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Harvard Post-Graduate |url=http://cabot.harvard.edu/content/Post-Graduate.docx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224142940/http://cabot.harvard.edu/content/Post-Graduate.docx |archive-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Harvard}}</ref>

Between 1954 and 2022, 256 of 2,179 scholars received their undergraduate degrees from [[Harvard University]] (12 percent), 138 from [[Princeton University]], 125 from [[Yale University]], 94 from [[Stanford University]], and 83 from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. Among public universities, the top producers are the [[United States Military Academy]], with 47 scholars, followed by the [[United States Naval Academy]] (34 scholars) and the [[University of California, Berkeley]] (33 scholars). The following table includes those institutions that have produced 30 or more scholars since 1954.<ref>{{cite web|title = Winners of the 2022 Marshall Scholarship|url = https://www.marshallscholarship.org/the-scholars/winners-of-the-2022-scholarship|website = www.marshallscholarship.org|access-date = September 2, 2022}}</ref><ref name="marshallscholarship2015" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Institution
! data-sort-type="number" |Scholars (1954–2022)
|-
|-
|align="center" |[[Harvard University]] and [[Radcliffe College]]
|align="center" |256
|-
|align="center" |[[Princeton University]]
|align="center" |138
|-
|align="center" |[[Yale University]]
|align="center" |125
|-
|align="center" |[[Stanford University]]
|align="center" |94
|-
|align="center" |[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|align="center" |83
|-
|align="center" |[[Brown University]] and [[Pembroke College in Brown University|Pembroke College]]
|align="center" |51
|-
|align="center" |[[United States Military Academy]]
|align="center" |47
|-
|align="center" |[[Georgetown University]]
|align="center" |36
|-
|align="center" |[[Cornell University]]
|align="center" |34
|-
|align="center" |[[United States Naval Academy]]
|align="center" |34
|-
|align="center" |[[University of California, Berkeley]]
|align="center" |33
|-
|align="center" |[[Duke University]]
|align="center" |32
|-
|align="center" |[[Columbia University]] and [[Barnard College]]
|align="center" |31
|}

=== Scholarship terms ===
Marshall Scholars may study any full-time postgraduate course offered by a UK university excluding pre-professional programs, whether a taught master's program, a research degree, or a PhD. The scholarship's basic tenure is two years. University and college fees are paid by the British government. In addition, scholars receive a quarterly maintenance stipend to cover accommodation and living expenses.<ref name="auto"/>

== Academic destinations ==
Nine institutions are traditionally the main destinations of selected Marshall Scholars: [[University of Oxford]], [[University of Cambridge]], [[London School of Economics]], [[University College London]], [[University of Edinburgh]], [[King's College London]] and [[Imperial College London]].<ref name="marshallscholarship2015" /> [[The School of Oriental and African Studies|SOAS]] and the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine]] have also sometimes been highly preferred.<ref name="marshallscholarship2015" />

In 2015, there were 69 Marshall Scholars in residence at British universities including those who were selected for the classes of 2012, 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":4" /> During this time, there were 27 scholars at the University of Oxford, seventeen at the [[University of London]] (including five each at the London School of Economics and King's College London, and one at University College London), thirteen at the University of Cambridge, and four at Imperial College London. Of these scholars, 46 were studying arts and social sciences while 23 were studying science, engineering or mathematics.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Annual report |url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/62ndannualreportfinal |access-date=May 30, 2019 |website=Marshall Scholarship}}</ref>

==Comparison to other post-graduate scholarships==

In structure and selection criteria, the Scholarship is most similar to the American Rhodes Scholarship and the Fulbright Program. Like the Fulbright available for study in the United Kingdom, Marshall Scholars can study at any university in the UK. However, under the Fulbright, applicants compete in separate pools for 43 specified universities of varying selectivity, except for two awards tenable at any university.<ref>{{cite web|title = Countries|url = http://us.fulbrightonline.org/countries/selectedcountry/united-kingdom|website = us.fulbrightonline.org|access-date = December 26, 2015|archive-date = September 30, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200930154203/https://us.fulbrightonline.org/countries/selectedcountry/united-kingdom|url-status = dead}}</ref>

The Marshall Scholarship is more flexible than the Rhodes Scholarship, in that Marshall Scholars can study at any British university, and can also attend a different university each year during a Scholar's tenure.<ref name="nytimes.com" /> In addition, a limited number of one-year Marshall scholarships are available. Unlike Rhodes Scholars, Marshall Scholars must be American citizens (in comparison, approximately eighty Rhodes Scholarships are given annually to citizens of over a dozen countries). In the process, the Marshall Scholarship is roughly as selective as the Rhodes and [[Mitchell Scholarship]]s: the Marshall was awarded to 3.4 percent of university-endorsed applicants in 2014, compared to 3.7 percent for the Rhodes in 2014, and 3.2 percent for the Mitchell Scholarship in 2017.<ref name="us-irelandalliance.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.us-irelandalliance.org/mitchellscholarship/announcements|title=Announcements {{!}} The Mitchell Scholarship {{!}} US-Ireland Alliance|website=www.us-irelandalliance.org|language=en|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name="jennajohnson" /><ref name="marshallscholarship2015" /> In 2025, the 3.66 percent of university-endorsed applicants received the Marshall, compared to 3.70 percent of university-endorsed applicants for the Rhodes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=3 Harvard College Seniors Named 2025 Marshall Scholars {{!}} News {{!}} The Harvard Crimson |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2024/12/16/marshall-scholarship-2025/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.thecrimson.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Harvard Students Selected as Rhodes Scholars From US, Canada {{!}} News {{!}} The Harvard Crimson |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2024/11/18/rhodes-scholars-announced-harvard-students/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=www.thecrimson.com}}</ref> The [[Gates Cambridge Scholarship]] is slightly more selective with 1.3% of applicants receiving an award.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-19 |title=Closing gender gaps for good |url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/about/news/closing-gender-gaps-for-good/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Gates Cambridge |language=en}}</ref> Also, because the selection processes of the scholarships discussed above differ, the likelihood that an applicant will be granted a final round interview is different for each scholarship. In 2014, 15.9 percent of university-endorsed applicants for the Marshall Scholarship received a finalist interview, compared to 24 percent of Rhodes applicants and 5.4 percent of Mitchell applicants.<ref name="us-irelandalliance.org"/><ref name="jennajohnson" /><ref name="marshallscholarship2015" />

While the selection committees continue to emphasize academic potential, over time "the Marshall program has become more Rhodes-like, stating that it is seeking persons who also demonstrate leadership potential." In general, "nearly all Rhodes Scholars are willing to admit that, by and large, the Marshalls are superior if one looks just at grade point averages and other signs of academic achievement," but this is a point of both "admiration" and "disdain."<ref name="Schaeper">Schaeper, Thomas and Kathleen Schaeper. "Rhodes Scholars: Oxford, and the Creation of an American Elite," 2010. Berghahn Books: New York</ref>{{rp|293}} [[Walter Isaacson]], describing Rhodes Scholars as "fairly intelligent, well-rounded, honest people who could be counted on to be upstanding citizens," has said that "the real geniuses...were the Marshall Scholars," perhaps because of the expectation that Rhodes Scholars be "all-rounders." In practice, the Marshall and Rhodes have engaged an "informal rivalry," but in career trajectory after the completion of their fellowships, "the line between [the fellowships] is not so evident," with scholars pursuing similar fields with similar success. In general, a higher percentage of Marshall Scholars "go on to careers in academia and research, whereas Rhodes Scholars are more evenly scattered through the full range of professional occupations."<ref name="Schaeper"/>{{rp|357}}

==Association of Marshall Scholars==
The Association of Marshall Scholars (AMS) was formed in 1988 as a [[charitable organization]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Mission of the Association of Marshall Scholars |url=https://www.marshallscholars.org/about/history/ |access-date=July 23, 2022 |website=Association of Marshall Scholars}}</ref>

The organization has been led by several notable board and advisory members, including [[Kathleen Sullivan (lawyer)|Kathleen Sullivan]], [[Reid Hoffman]], [[Nannerl Keohane]], [[Peter Orszag]], [[Harold Koh]], [[Roger Tsien]] and [[Daniel Yergin]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Leadership |url=https://www.marshallscholars.org/about/leadership/ |access-date=July 23, 2022 |website=Association of Marshall Scholars}}</ref>

The Association of Marshall Scholars releases an annual public opinion poll in partnership with [[Emerson College]] in Boston, Massachusetts. The poll measures the American public's perceptions of the United Kingdom, highlighting major current issues (e.g. Brexit).

=== The Marshall Forum ===
Every year, the Association of Marshall Scholars hosts the Marshall Forum, a high-profile dialogue engaging top American and British leaders about key transatlantic issues, in a different city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Marshall Forum |url=https://marshallscholars.org/marshall-forum |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Association of Marshall Scholars |language=en-US}}</ref> During Forums that take place during anniversaries of the Scholarship or Marshall Plan, the Marshall Medal is typically awarded to distinguished individuals who have advanced British-American understanding. These have included [[Lisa D. Cook|Lisa Cook]] (1986 Marshall Scholar), [[Madeleine Albright]], and [[Anne Applebaum]] (1986 Marshall Scholar).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2024 Marshall Forum {{!}} Chicago, IL {{!}} June 18, 2024 |url=https://marshallscholars.org/forum2024 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Association of Marshall Scholars |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2017 the Association of Marshall Scholars, in partnership with the [[German Marshall Fund]] and the [[British Embassy, Washington]], hosted the Harvard Marshall Forum at [[Harvard University]] to mark the 70th anniversary of the [[Marshall Plan]] and focused on its legacy and impact today. The event featured 30 speakers including [[Madeleine Albright]] as well as Supreme Court Justices [[Stephen Breyer]] and [[Neil Gorsuch]], both Marshall Scholars.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Adam |date=June 3, 2017 |title=Gorsuch Rejects Doubts Over 'Rule of Law Today' |pages=A17 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/us/politics/gorsuch-rejects-doubts-over-rule-of-law-today.html |access-date=July 23, 2022}}</ref>

In 2018, the AMS partnered with the British Consulate General in San Francisco and the Bechtel International Center at [[Stanford University]] to host a Marshall Forum on Innovation. The Forum focused on the pipeline of scientific invention in fields such as biomedicine and genetics that are of particular interest to the United States and the United Kingdom. Distinguished speakers included [[Reid Hoffman]], a Marshall Scholar, and [[David Reitze]], Director of LIGO Laboratory. The forum highlighted societal challenges and opportunities raised by explosive innovations in these fields as they interact with advances in machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data science.

In 2019, the AMS hosted the Marshall Forum with the [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]], focusing on peace and prosperity. The Forum featured 17 speakers including the Governor of the Bank of England [[Mark Carney]], the Director of U.S. National Security Agency General [[Paul Nakasone]], former [[U.S. ambassadors]] [[Michael Froman]], [[Carla Hills]], and [[William J. Burns (diplomat)|William J. Burns]], and former [[British Ambassador to the United States]] [[Kim Darroch]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/6845a846-66b7-11e9-a79d-04f350474d62|title=Financial Times April 25, 2018, ''Even US anglophiles warn the UK over trade talks''|newspaper=Financial Times|date=April 25, 2019|last1=Giles|first1=Chris}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! data-sort-type="city" |City
! data-sort-type="institution" |Hosting Institution
! Topic
! Notable Speakers and Facilitators
|-
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |[[Chicago, Illinois]]
|align="center" |[[University of Chicago]]
|align="center" | Global Markets, Monetary Policy, and Innovation
|align="center" |
|-
|align="center" |2023
|align="center" |[[Washington, D.C.]]
|align="center" |[[Planet Word]] Museum
|align="center" | Arts & Creativity
|align="center" |
|-
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |[[London, United Kingdom]]
|align="center" |[[Lancaster House]]
|align="center" | Global Peace and Security (75th anniversary of the Marshall Plan)
|align="center" |
|-
|align="center" |2021
|align="center" |[[Washington, D.C.]]
|align="center" |[[U.S. Supreme Court]]
|align="center" | The Rule of Law
|align="center" |US Supreme Court: [[John Roberts]], [[Stephen Breyer]] (Marshall Scholar 1959), [[Sonia Sotomayor]], [[Elena Kagan]], [[Neil Gorsuch]] (Marshall Scholar 1992), [[Brett Kavanaugh]]
UK Supreme Court: [[Patrick Hodge, Lord Hodge|Patrick Hodge]], [[Michael Briggs, Lord Briggs of Westbourne|Michael Briggs]], [[Mary Arden, Lady Arden of Heswall|Mary Arden]], [[Jonathan Mance, Baron Mance|Jonathan Mance]]
|-
|align="center" |2020
|align="center" |Online due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]
|align="center" | Virtual Platform
|align="center" | Global Health
|[[Danielle Allen]] (Marshall Scholar 1993), [[Andy Burnham]], [[Kevin Faulconer|Kevin L. Faulconer]], [[Kate Gallego]], [[David Holt (politician)|David Holt]], [[Sewell Chan]] (Marshall Scholar 1998), [[Tom Fletcher]]
|-
|align="center" |2019
|align="center" |[[Washington, D.C.]]
|align="center" |[[The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]
|align="center" | Peace, Growth, and Prosperity
|align="center" |[[Kim Darroch]], [[Mark Carney]], [[Thomas Carothers]] (1978 Marshall Scholar), [[Isobel Coleman]] (1987 Marshall Scholar), [[Michael Froman]], [[William J. Burns]] (1978 Marshall Scholar), [[Paul Nakasone]], [[Andrew Klaber]] (2003 Marshall Scholar)
|-
|align="center" |2018
|align="center" |[[Palo Alto, California]]
|align="center" |[[Stanford University]]
|align="center" | Scientific Innovation
|align="center" |[[Reid Hoffman]] (1990 Marshall Scholar), [[Carla Shatz]] (1969 Marshall Scholar), [[Nancy Lublin]] (1993 Marshall Scholar), [[Carlos Bustamante (biophysicist)|Carlos Bustamante]], [[Edward Stolper]] (1974 Marshall Scholar)
|-
|align="center" |2017
|align="center" |[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]
|align="center" |[[Harvard University]]
|align="center" | "The Legacy of the Marshall Plan" (70th anniversary of the Marshall Plan)
|align="center" |[[Stephen Breyer]] (1959 Marshall Scholar), [[Neil Gorsuch]] (1992 Marshall Scholar), [[Madeleine Albright]], [[Danielle Allen]] (1993 Marshall Scholar), [[William J. Burns]] (1978 Marshall Scholar), [[Fredrik Logevall]], [[Martha Minow]], [[Kathleen Sullivan (lawyer)|Kathleen Sullivan]]
|}

== Notable Marshall Scholars ==
{{see also|Category:Marshall Scholars}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!'''Name'''
!'''Prior Higher Education'''
!'''Constituent University'''
!'''Award Year'''
!'''Notability'''
|-
| Stephen O'Harrow||University of Michigan||University of London SOAS||1962||University of Hawaii Director of Southeast Asian Studies
|-
| [[Anthony C. E. Quainton]]||[[Princeton University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1955|| Ambassador to [[Nicaragua]], [[Kuwait]], [[Peru]], and [[Central African Empire]]
|-
| [[Thomas Eugene Everhart]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||1955|| president, [[California Institute of Technology]]; chancellor, [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]
|-
| [[Ray Dolby]] ||[[Stanford University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||1957|| inventor and chairman of [[Dolby]]
|-
|[[Arthur Jaffe]]
|[[Princeton University]]
|[[University of Cambridge]]
|1959
|L.T. Clay Professor of Mathematics and Theoretical Science, [[Harvard University]]
|-
| [[John Jay Iselin]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||1959|| president of [[Cooper Union]], president of [[WNET]]
|-
| [[Stephen Breyer]] ||[[Stanford University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1959|| associate justice, [[U.S. Supreme Court]]
|-
| [[Bruce Babbitt]] ||[[University of Notre Dame]]||[[Newcastle University]]||1960|| [[Governor of Arizona]], [[U.S. Secretary of the Interior]]
|-
| [[Keith Griffin (economist)|Keith Griffin]] ||[[Williams College]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1960
|| president of [[Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]]
|-
| [[Nannerl Keohane]] ||[[Wellesley College]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1961||president [[Duke University]] and [[Wellesley College]]
|-
| [[Ed Victor]] ||[[Dartmouth College]]||University of Cambridge||1961|| journalist and literary agent
|-
| [[Graham Allison]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1962|| foreign policy expert, [[Undersecretary of Defense]]
|-
| [[Thomas C. Grey]] ||[[Stanford University]]||University of Oxford||1963||professor of law, [[Stanford University]]
|-
| [[Thomas Babe]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Cambridge||1963|| playwright
|-
|[[Stuart Kauffman]] ||[[Dartmouth College]]||University of Oxford||1963||founder, [[Elizabeth Kauffman Institute for Transforming Medicine]]
|-
| [[Alfred Guzzetti]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of London]]||1964
|| experimental and documentary filmmaker
|-
| [[John Spratt]] ||[[Davidson College]]||University of Oxford||1964|| [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] for [[South Carolina]]
|-
| [[William H. Janeway]] ||[[Princeton University]]||University of Cambridge||1965||venture capitalist and economist
|-
| [[Lewis Sargentich]] ||[[Occidental College]]||Sussex University||1965|| professor, [[Harvard Law School]]
|-

| [[Benjamin M. Friedman]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Cambridge||1966|| political economist
|-
|[[Linn Hobbs]]
|[[Northwestern University]]
|University of Oxford
|1966
|professor emeritus, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=Spring 2003 |title=Materials Man: Linn Hobbs |url=https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/spring2003/alumninews/hobbs.htm |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Alumni News Northwestern University}}</ref>
|-
| [[William Broyles Jr.]] ||[[Rice University]]||University of Oxford||1966|| screenwriter
|-
| [[Daniel Yergin]] ||[[Yale University]]||University of Cambridge||1968||[[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author
|-
| [[Jerry A. Hausman]] ||[[Brown University]]||University of Oxford||1968||professor of economics, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|-
| [[Robert Oden]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||1969|| president, [[Carleton College]] and [[Kenyon College]]
|-
| [[Peter D. Kramer|Peter Kramer]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University College London|University College, London]]||1970|| author
|-
| [[Nancy Cox (virologist)|Nancy Cox]] ||[[Iowa State University]]||University of Cambridge||1970||director of the influenza division, [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Center for Disease Control and Prevention]]
|-
| [[Jonathan Galassi]] || [[Harvard College]]|| University of Cambridge || 1971 || president, [[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]]
|-
| [[Marty Kaplan]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Cambridge||1971
|| director, [[Norman Lear Center]]
|-
| [[Jonathan Erichsen]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1972
|| professor of visual neuroscience, [[Cardiff University]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=PROFESSOR JONATHAN ERICHSEN - Marshall Scholarships |url=https://www.marshallscholarship.org/the-commission/who-we-are/professor-jonathan-erichsen |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=www.marshallscholarship.org |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
| [[Odaline de la Martinez]] ||[[Tulane University]]||[[Royal Academy of Music]]||1972||[[Cuban Americans|Cuban-American]] composer
|-
| [[Roger Tsien]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||1972|| [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]
|-
| [[Benedict Gross]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1973|| professor of mathematics known for the [[Gross–Zagier theorem]]
|-
| [[James K. Galbraith]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Cambridge||1974|| economist and journalist
|-
| [[William A. Darity Jr.]]||[[Brown University]]|||[[London School of Economics]]||1974|| economist, professor of public policy at [[Duke University]]
|-
| [[Douglas A. Melton]]||[[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]]||University of Cambridge||1975|| chair, [[Harvard University]] department of stem cell and regenerative biology
|-
| [[Thomas Friedman]]||[[Brandeis University]]||University of Oxford||1975|| journalist, author, three time [[Pulitzer Prize]] winner
|-
| [[Harold Koh]]||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1975|| former dean, [[Yale Law School]]
|-
| [[Sandra E. Shumway]]||[[Southampton College]], [[Long Island University]]||[[University of Wales at Bangor]]||1976|| marine scientist, [[University of Connecticut]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-11-13 |title=Sandra Shumway {{!}} Marine Sciences |url=https://marinesciences.uconn.edu/person/sandra-shumway/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amy Wax]]
|[[Yale University]]
|[[University of Oxford]]
|1976
|professor of law, [[University of Pennsylvania Law School]]
|-
| [[Jane M. Hawkins]]||[[College of the Holy Cross]]||[[University of Warwick]]||1976|| mathematician, [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]
|-
| [[Kathleen Sullivan (lawyer)|Kathleen Sullivan]]||[[Cornell University]]||University of Oxford||1976|| professor, [[Stanford Law School]]
|-
| [[Paul Tash]]||[[Indiana University]]||[[University of Edinburgh]]||1976|| CEO of [[Times Publishing Company]]
|-
|[[Mary E. Edgerton]]
|UT MD Anderson Cancer Center
|[[University of East Anglia]]
|1976
|breast cancer researcher<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-03 |title=CLIAC Member Mary E. Edgerton |url=https://www.cdc.gov/cliac/members/edgerton.html |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jef McAllister]] ||[[Yale University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1977||former London Bureau chief of ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]''
|-
| [[Bill Buford]]||University of California, Berkeley||[[University of Cambridge]]||1977 || founding editor of ''[[Granta]]''
|-
| [[Edward Hundert]]||[[Yale University]]||University of Oxford||1978|| educator, psychiatrist, and medical ethicist
|-
| [[William J. Burns (diplomat)|William J. Burns]]||[[La Salle University]]||University of Oxford||1978|| [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency]], [[U.S. ambassador to Russia]]
|-
| [[Jeff Modisett]]||[[University of California, Los Angeles]]||University of Oxford||1978|| [[Indiana Attorney General]]
|-
| [[Thomas Carothers]]||[[Harvard University]]||[[London School of Economics]]||1978 || vice president for studies at [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]
|-
| [[Mark Whitaker (CNN)|Mark Whitaker]]||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1979|| managing editor of [[CNN Worldwide]], senior vice
president of [[NBC News]], editor of ''[[Newsweek]]''
|-
| [[Arthur L. Haywood III]]|| [[Morehouse College]]|| [[London School of Economics]]|| 1979 || [[Pennsylvania State Senate|Pennsylvania State Senator]]
|-
| [[Jeffrey Rosensweig]]||[[Yale University]]||University of Oxford||1979
|| Director of Global Perspectives, [[Emory University]]
|-
|[[E. Sterl Phinney]]
|[[California Institute of Technology]]
|University of Cambridge
|1980
|professor, Theoretical Physics at the [[California Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-01 |title=Senior Adam Jermyn Named Marshall Scholar |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/senior-adam-jermyn-named-marshall-scholar-44954 |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=California Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bruce Allen (physicist)|Bruce Allen]]||[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]||University of Cambridge||1980||director, [[Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics]]
|-
| [[Kurt M. Campbell]]||[[University of California, San Diego]]||University of Oxford||1980|| [[U.S. Deputy Secretary of State]], [[United States National Security Council#Key staff|National Security Council coordinator for the Indo-Pacific]]
|-
| [[Steven Strogatz]]||[[Princeton University]]||University of Cambridge||1980|| applied mathematician (Complex Networks)
|-
| [[James M. Poterba]]||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1980||professor of economics, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|-
| [[Richard Cordray]]||[[Michigan State University]]||University of Oxford||1981|| director, [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]]
|-
| [[D. Cameron Findlay]]||[[Northwestern University]]||University of Oxford|| 1982 || [[United States Deputy Secretary of Labor |former U.S. Deputy Secretary of Labor]]
|-
| [[Nancy Gibbs]]||[[Yale University]]||University of Oxford||1982|| managing editor of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
|-
| [[Seth Lloyd]]||[[Harvard University]]||University of Cambridge||1982|| quantum information scientist
|-
| [[Ted Conover]]||[[Amherst College]]||University of Cambridge||1982|| author, essayist and journalist
|-
| [[Daniel Benjamin]]||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1983||[[Ambassador-at-large|Ambassador at Large]], [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]]
|-
| [[Stephen Jennings (executive)|Stephen Jennings]]||[[Dartmouth College]]||University of Oxford||1983||Co-CEO, Monitor Group (now [[Monitor Deloitte]])<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Marshall Scholar Alumni by Year from Association of Marshall Scholars |url=https://marshallscholars.org/alumni-by-year |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Association of Marshall Scholars |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Matthew Adler]]|| [[Yale University]]|| University of Oxford || 1984 || founding director of the [[Duke University]] Center
for Law, Economics and Public Policy
|-
| [[Michael Klarman]]||[[University of Pennsylvania]]||University of Oxford||1984|| Constitutional law scholar, [[Harvard Law School]]
|-
| [[Sheryll D. Cashin]]||[[Vanderbilt University]]||University of Oxford||1984||law professor, [[Georgetown University]]
|-

| [[Cindy Sughrue]]||[[Boston University]]||[[University of Sheffield]]||1985||CEO of [[Scottish Ballet]], director of the [[Charles Dickens Museum]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Cindy Sughrue to join NYJO Board |url=https://www.nyjo.org.uk/about/news/dr-cindy-sughrue-obe-to-join-nyjo-board/ |website=National Youth Jazz Orchestra |date=December 9, 2015 |access-date=June 14, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
|-
| [[Michael Otsuka]]||[[Yale University]]||University of Oxford||1986|| professor, [[London School of Economics]]
|-
| [[Anne Applebaum]]||[[Yale University]]||[[London School of Economics]]||1986|| [[The Washington Post|''The'' ''Washington Post'']] columnist'','' [[Pulitzer Prize]] winner
|-
| [[Jeffrey Rosen (legal academic)|Jeffrey Rosen]]||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1986
|| law professor and legal affairs editor at ''[[The New Republic]]''
|-
| [[Terri Sewell]]||[[Princeton University]]||University of Oxford||1987|| [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] for [[Alabama]]
|-
| [[David Laibson]]||[[Harvard University]]||[[London School of Economics]]||1988|| professor of economics, [[Harvard University]]
|-
| [[Melissa Lane]]||[[Harvard University]]||University of Cambridge||1988|| professor of political theory, [[Princeton University]]
|-
| [[Kris Kobach]]||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1988|| [[Secretary of State of Kansas]], national rowing champion
|-
| [[Mark Filip]] ||[[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign]]||University of Oxford||1988|| former [[United States Deputy Attorney General|U.S. Deputy Attorney General]]
|-
| [[Patrick M. Byrne]] ||[[Dartmouth College]]||University of Cambridge||1988|| chairman and president, [[Overstock.com]]
|-
| [[Byron Auguste]]||[[Yale University]]||University of Oxford||1989||deputy director, [[National Economic Council (United States)|National Economic Council]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
| [[Heather J. Sharkey]] ||[[Yale University]]||[[Durham University]]|| 1990 ||professor of near eastern languages and civilizations, [[University of Pennsylvania]]
|-
| [[Charles King (professor of international affairs)|Charles King]] ||[[University of Arkansas]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1990|| author and professor at [[Georgetown University]]
|-
| [[Peter R. Orszag]] ||[[Princeton University]]||[[London School of Economics]]||1991|| CEO, [[Lazard]]
|-
| [[Stephen Quake]] ||[[Stanford University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1991||professor of bioengineering at [[Stanford University]]
|-
| [[Jeffrey Glueck]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1991||COO and CEO of [[Foursquare (company)|Foursquare]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
| [[Rosa Brooks]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1991|| ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' columnist, ''Georgetown University'' law professor
|-
|Carl Vogel
|[[Loyola University New Orleans]]
|[[University of Edinburgh]]
|1991
|cognitive scientist, [[Trinity College Dublin]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
| [[Timothy D. Snyder]] || [[Brown University]] || University of Oxford || 1991 || professor of history, Yale University<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.yale.edu/sites/default/files/CV/Snyder-cvshort2013.pdf |title=Timothy Snyder |website=Yale University |access-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105113116/https://history.yale.edu/sites/default/files/CV/Snyder-cvshort2013.pdf |archive-date=January 5, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jeremy S. Heyl|Jeremy Heyl]] ||[[Princeton University]]||[[Durham University]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]]|| 1992 || professor of physics and astronomy, [[University of British Columbia]]
|-
| [[Angela Duckworth]] || [[Harvard College]]|| University of Oxford || 1992 || head of Duckworth Lab, [[University of Pennsylvania]]
|-
| [[Kelly Grovier]] ||[[University of California, Los Angeles]]
||University of Oxford||1992|| poet and literary critic
|-
| [[Neil Gorsuch]] ||[[Columbia University]]||University of Oxford||1992|| associate justice, [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]]
|-
|[[Annabel Park]]
|[[Boston University]]
|University of Oxford
|1992
|documentary filmmaker
|-
| [[Drew Daniel (academic)|Drew Daniel]] ||[[University of California, Berkeley]]||University of Oxford||1993|| English professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drew Daniel |url=https://english.jhu.edu/directory/drew-daniel/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=English |date=August 3, 2015 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nancy Lublin]] ||[[Brown University]]||University of Oxford||1993|| founder of [[Dress For Success (organization)|Dress For Success]]; CEO, [[DoSomething]]
|-
| [[Danielle Allen]] ||[[Princeton University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]|| 1993|| director, Harvard [[Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics]]
|-
| [[Kannon Shanmugam]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1993|| Supreme Court litigator
|-
| [[Ahilan Arulanantham]] || [[Georgetown University]]||University of Oxford||1994|| human rights attorney
|-
| [[Jeffrey Gettleman]] ||[[Cornell University]]||University of Oxford||1994||[[Pulitzer Prize]] winning author, journalist
|-
| [[Jennifer Daskal]] ||[[Brown University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||1994||former counsel, Department of Justice
|-
| [[Amy Finkelstein]] ||[[Harvard University]]||University of Oxford||1995||professor at MIT
|-
| [[Jason Bordoff]] ||[[Brown University]]||University of Oxford||1995||National Security Council<ref>{{cite web |title=Jason Bordoff |url=https://sipa.columbia.edu/faculty-research/faculty-directory/jason-bordoff |website=Columbia University |access-date=June 14, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nicole Krauss]] ||[[Stanford University]]||University of Oxford||1996|| novelist
|-
| [[Mark Hersam]] ||[[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||1996||professor of chemistry, [[Northwestern University]]
|-
| [[Jonathan Orszag]] ||[[Princeton University]]||University of Oxford||1996
|| senior managing director of [[Compass Lexecon]],
[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] Administration Economic Advisor
|-
| [[A. Benjamin Spencer]] ||[[Morehouse College]]||[[London School of Economics]]||1996|| Dean & Trustee Professor, [[William & Mary Law School]]<ref>{{cite web |title=A. Benjamin Spencer |url=https://law2.wm.edu/faculty/bios/fulltime/spencer.php |website=William & Mary Law School | access-date=January 5, 2022}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
|-
| [[Derek Kilmer]] ||[[Princeton University]]||University of Oxford||1996|| U.S. Congressman for Washington
|-
| [[Samuel Rascoff]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1996 || professor, [[New York University School of Law]]
|-
| [[Joshua Oppenheimer]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of the Arts London]]||1997||award-winning documentary film director
|-
| [[Robert Lane Greene]] ||[[Tulane University]]||University of Oxford||1997||journalist
|-
| [[Kim Campbell (pilot)|Kim Campbell]] ||[[U.S. Air Force Academy]]||[[Imperial College London|Imperial College, London]]||1997||[[U.S. Air Force]] pilot, [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] recipient
|-
| [[Katie Beirne Fallon]] ||[[University of Notre Dame]]||[[Queen's University Belfast|Queens University Belfast]]; [[London School of Economics]]||1998||former legislative affairs Director, [[White House]]
|-
| [[Sewell Chan]] ||[[Harvard University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1998||journalist
|-
| [[Warwick Sabin]] ||[[University of Arkansas]]||[[University of Oxford]]||1998|| former Member, [[Arkansas House of Representatives]]
|-
|[[Dan Klein]]
|[[Cornell University]]
|[[University of Oxford]]
|1998
|professor computer science, [[University of California, Berkeley]]
|-
| [[Josh West (rower)|Josh West]] ||[[Yale University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||1999||professor of earth sciences, [[University of Southern California|University of Southern]]
[[University of Southern California|California]], [[2008 Summer Olympics]] for [[Great Britain at the Olympics|Great Britain]]
|-
| [[Matthew Spence (American lawyer)|Matthew Spence]]||[[Stanford University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||2000||deputy assistant secretary of defense for Middle East policy<ref name=":2" />
|-
| [[Zachary D. Kaufman]] ||[[Yale University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||2000|| legal academic and social entrepreneur
|-
|[[Adam Cohen (scientist)|Adam Cohen]]
|[[Harvard University]]
|[[University of Cambridge]]
|2001
|professor of chemistry, [[Harvard University]]
|-
| [[Krish O'Mara Vignarajah]]||[[Yale University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||2001||president & CEO, [[Global Refuge]]
|-
| [[Anne McClain]] ||[[U.S. military academy]]||[[University of Bath]] and [[University of Bristol]]||2002||Colonel, [[U.S. Army]], [[NASA]] astronaut.
|-
| [[Collin O'Mara]]||[[Dartmouth College]]||[[University of Oxford]]||2003||president of [[National Wildlife Federation]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[Andrew Klaber]]
|[[Yale University]], [[Harvard University]]
|[[University of Oxford]]
|2004
|Partner at Paulson & Company
|-
| [[Scott MacIntyre]] ||[[Arizona State University]]||[[Royal Holloway, University of London|Royal Holloway]], [[University of London]], [[Royal College of Music]]||2005|| musician, [[American Idol (season 8)|''American Idol'' season 8]] contestant
|-
|[[Finale Doshi-Velez]]
|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|[[University of Cambridge]] ([[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]])
|2007
|Computer scientist

|-
| [[Marc Gustafson]]
||[[New York University]]||[[University of Oxford]]||2007
|| Director of the White House Situation Room and Intelligence Advisor to President Biden
|-

|-
|[[John M. Jumper]]
|[[Vanderbilt University]]
|[[University of Cambridge]] ([[St Edmund's College, Cambridge|St. Edmund's College]])
|2007
|Nobel Prize in Chemistry

|-
| [[Tianhui Michael Li]] ||[[Princeton University]]||[[University of Cambridge]]||2007
|| first data scientist in residence at [[Andreessen Horowitz]]
|-
|[[Miles Taylor (security expert)|Miles Taylor]]
|[[Indiana University]]
|[[University of Oxford]]
|2012
|National security expert, author, former [[United States Department of Homeland Security|DHS]] chief of staff
|-
|[[R. F. Kuang]]
|[[Georgetown University]]
|[[University of Cambridge]], [[University of Oxford]]
|2018
|Fantasy novelist, historian
|}

== See also ==
* [[Churchill Scholarship]] at [[University of Cambridge]]
* [[Fulbright Scholarships|Fulbright Scholarship]]
* [[Gates Scholarship|Gates Cambridge Scholarship]] at [[University of Cambridge]]
* [[Harry S. Truman Scholarship]]
* [[Knight-Hennessy Scholars]]hip at [[Stanford University]]
* [[Mitchell Scholarship]] at universities in the [[Republic of Ireland]] and [[Northern Ireland]]
* [[Rhodes Scholarship]] at [[University of Oxford]]
* [[Schwarzman Scholars]]hip at [[Tsinghua University]]
* [[Yenching Scholars]] at [[Peking University]]
* [[Jardine Scholarship]] at [[University of Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge]]
* [[Erasmus Mundus]] Scholarship at universities in the [[European Union]] and their non-EU partners

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Global Scholars Group}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marhsall Scholarship}}

[[Category:Marshall Scholars| ]]
[[Category:Scholarships in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Higher education in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Scholarships in the United States]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:United Kingdom–United States relations]]
[[Category:International educational organizations]]
[[Category:Student exchange]]

Beshas of Jagannath

2026-01-16T01:09:47Z

Sergqpm: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Religious adornments}}
In [[Odia language|Odia]] and [[Sanskrit]], Besha means dress or adornment. Lord Jagannath and his siblings are adorned with different beshas throughout the year. Out of all beshas of lord Jagannath and his siblings, the [[Suna Besha]], are held several times during a year. The all beshas of lord Jagannath and his siblings are listed below :

==List of Besha with Tithi ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="width:15em;" |Name
!Month
!style="width:15em;" | [[Tithi]] (days)
!Notes
|-
| Gajanana/Hati Besha||data-sort-value=3|[[Jestha|Jeshtha]]||[[Purnima]]||<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhesa of Deities|url=http://jagannath.nic.in/?q=node/86|publisher=Shree Jagannath Temple Administration, Puri|accessdate=4 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
| Naba Jaubana Besha||data-sort-value=4 |[[Ashadha]]||Amabasya||<ref>{{cite web|title=Naba Jaubana Besha|url=http://orissa.oriyaonline.com/naba_jaubana.html|publisher=oriyaonline.com|accessdate=4 July 2015|archive-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612012218/http://orissa.oriyaonline.com/naba_jaubana.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Suna Besha||data-sort-value=4 |Ashadha||Shukla [[Ekadashi]]||<ref>{{cite news|title=Odisha Rath Yatra: Admn gears up for Holy Trinity's Suna Besha|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/69639/odisha-rath-yatra-admn-gears-holy-trinitys-suna-besha/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913010654/http://odishasuntimes.com/69639/odisha-rath-yatra-admn-gears-holy-trinitys-suna-besha/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=September 13, 2014|accessdate=4 July 2015|work=Odisha Sun Times|issue=8 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
| Bana Bhoji Besha||data-sort-value=6 |[[Bhaadra]]||Krushna [[Dashami]]||<ref>{{cite news|title=Bana Bhoji Besha of deities organised|url=http://www.orissadiary.com/Puri/ShowCityNews.asp?id=43675|accessdate=4 July 2015|work=orissadiary|agency=OMIS Private Limited|date=1 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705002532/http://www.orissadiary.com/Puri/ShowCityNews.asp?id=43675|archive-date=2015-07-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Kaliya Dalana Besha||data-sort-value=6 |Bhaadra||Krushna Ekadashi||<ref name="MohantyMohanty2006">{{cite book|author1=Jagannath Mohanty|author2=Sudhansu Mohanty|title=In Quest of Quality Education and Literature: An Autobiography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXmnZw99mXgC&pg=PA111|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7629-764-6|pages=111–}}</ref>
|-
| Pralambasura Baddha Besha||data-sort-value=6 |Bhaadra||Krushna Dwadashi||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.fullodisha.com/puri/temple_besha.htm |title=beshas of lord jagannath, different besha of lord jagannath, vesha of jagannath |work=fullorissa.com |year=2010 |quote=This is the only beshas when Lord Jagannath's elder brother Lord Balabhadra occupied the central place |accessdate=4 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
| Krushna Balaram Besha||data-sort-value=6 |Bhaadra||Krushna Trayodashi||
|-
| Bali Vamana Besha||data-sort-value=6 |Bhaadra||Shukla Dwadashi||
|-
| Suna/Raja Besha||data-sort-value=7 |[[Ashvin]]||Shukla Dashami(Vijaya Dashami or Dashahara)||<ref name=SBTOI>{{cite news|title=Jagannath glitters in golden get-up|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Jagannath-glitters-in-golden-get-up/articleshow/38041163.cms|accessdate=4 July 2015|work=Times of India|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.|date=9 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
| Radha Damodar Besha||data-sort-value=7 |Ashvin & Kartika||Ashvin Shukla Ekadashi to Kartika Shukla Dashami||
|-
| Harihara Besha||data-sort-value=8 |[[Kartika (month)|Kartika]]|| All Mondays between Kartika Amabasya(Deepavali) to Kartika Shukla Dashami||
|-
| Thiakia/Laxminarayan Besha||data-sort-value=8 |Kartika||Shukla Ekadashi||
|-
| Bankachuda Besha||data-sort-value=8 |Kartika||Shukla Dwadashi||
|-
| Dalikia/Tribikram Besha||data-sort-value=8 |Kartika||Shukla Trayodashi||
|-
| Adakia/Laxminrusingha Besha||data-sort-value=8 |Kartika||Shukla Chaturdashi||
|-
| Nagarjuna Besha||data-sort-value=8 |Kartika||Shukla Mala tithi between Kartika Shukla Dwadashi to Kartika Shukla Chaturdashi||
|-
| Suna/Raja Rajeswar Besha||data-sort-value=8 |Kartika||Purnima||<ref name=SBTOI />
|-
| Shraddha Besha||data-sort-value=11 |[[Agrahayana|Margashira]]||Krushna Chaturdashi, Amabasya & Shukla Pratipada||
|-
| Ghodalagi Besha||data-sort-value=9 |Margashira, Pausha & Magha||Margashira Shukla Shashthi(Odhana Shashthi) to Magha Shukla Panchami(Basanta Panchami)||
|-
| Jamalagi Besha||Magha & Phalguna||Magha Shukla Panchami(Basanta Panchami) to Phalguna Shukla Dashami(Phagu Dashami)||
|-
| Nabanka Besha||Makar||One day before the Makar Sankranti||
|-
| Makara Chaurashi Besha||Makar||Makar Sankranti||
|-
| Suna Besha/Pushyabhisheka Besha/Raja Besha||data-sort-value=10 |[[Pausha]]||Purnima||<ref name=SBTOI />
|-
| Padma Besha||data-sort-value=11 |Magha||Wednesday or Saturday between Magha Amabasya to Magha Shukla Panchami(Basanta Panchami)||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puritrip.com/jagannath-bhesa.php|title=Puri Yatra|work=puritrip.com|quote=It is done on any Saturday or Wednesday between the new moon day of magha and basanta panchami|accessdate=26 December 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506013259/http://www.puritrip.com/jagannath-bhesa.php|archivedate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
| Gaja Uddharana Besha||data-sort-value=11 |Magha||Purnima||<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mishra |first=Bhaskar |title=Beshas of Shree Jagannath Mahaprabhu |issue=June-2012 |pages=11–21 |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2012/June/engpdf/14-24.pdf |accessdate=24 March 2015 }}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| Chacheri Besha ||data-sort-value=12 |[[Phalguna]]||Phalguna Shukla Dashami(Phagu Dashami) to Phalguna Shukla Chaturdashi||
|-
| Suna Besha/Raja Besha ||data-sort-value=12 |Phalguna||Purnima||<ref name=SBTOI />
|-
| Raghunath Besha||data-sort-value=1 |Vaishakha||It had been held last time on April 27, 1905, Thursday||<ref name="Manti2014">{{cite book|author=J C Manti|title=The Saga of Jagannatha and Badadeula at Puri (: Story of Lord Jagannatha and his Temple)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QweqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA231|date=22 August 2014|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-82652-45-8|pages=231–}}</ref>
|-
| Chandana Lagi Besha||data-sort-value=3|[[Vaishakha]] & [[Jestha|Jeshtha]]||Vaishakha Shukla Trutiya(Akshaya Tritiya) to Jeshtha Shukla Chaturdashi||
|}

== Gallery ==
[[File:Jagannath1.jpg|none|thumb|Padma Besha]]
[[File:Sri Jagannath In Suna Besha.jpg|none|thumb|Suna Besha]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Jagannath}}

[[Category:Jagannath]]
[[Category:Observances in India]]
[[Category:Observances in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Lists of observances]]

Girija Shettar

2026-01-12T23:32:50Z

Sergqpm: brief improve details based on references and corrected details as per guidelines

{{short description|British actress}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Girija Shettar
| image = Girija Shettar.jpg
| caption = Shettar in 2013
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1969|7|20}}
| birth_place = [[Orsett]], Essex, England
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress Journalist
| years_active = 1989 – 2003, 2024 – present
}}

'''Girija Shettar''' (born 20 July 1969)<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB05PBU1OMw Girija Shettar – TV9 Anveshana Interview]</ref> is a British actress, known for her works in [[Cinema of South India|South Indian films]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ukmalayalee.com/latest-news/news.php?id=OTM5 |title=Latest News – Memoirs of film actress Girija Shettar Part III |access-date=2 April 2014 |archive-date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719083743/http://www.ukmalayalee.com/latest-news/news.php?id=OTM5 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1989, Shettar starred in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s Telugu film ''[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]'' and Malayalam film ''[[Vandanam]]'', directed by [[Priyadarshan]].

In 1992, she signed for the lead female role in ''[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar]]'', which she left mid-way to complete a prior commitment. [[Ayesha Julka]] replaced her after the first schedule. She can still be seen dancing in the song "Are Yaaro" which was retained in the final version of the film. <ref>{{cite web | title=Did you know: Before Ayesha Jhulka, this actress had shot as the female lead for 'Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar' | work=The Times of India | date=22 May 2021 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/did-you-know/did-you-know-before-ayesha-jhulka-this-actress-had-shot-as-the-female-lead-for-jo-jeeta-wohi-sikandar/articleshow/82857121.cms }}</ref>

In the same year, she starred in another Telugu film ''[[Hrudayanjali]]'', under the direction of A. Raghurami Reddy, which won four state [[Nandi Awards]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} The film was completed in 1992 but was released only in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.adindia.net/hrudayanjali.htm |title=Yellow Pages: Film Marketing |access-date=2 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100546/http://www.adindia.net/hrudayanjali.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Girija Shettar was born on 20 July 1969 in [[Orsett]], Essex to a [[Kannadigas|Kannadiga]] doctor father and a British mother. From the age of 18, Girija trained in Bharatanatyam. She completed a doctoral thesis in Integral Yoga Philosophy and Indian spiritual psychology from [[Cardiff University]] in 2003. She spends as much time as possible at Sri Aurobindo Ashram in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theuniversityoftomorrow.org/publications/New%20Race%20Archives/journal-of-intergral-studies/february2005.html |title=A Journal of Integral studies – February 2005 – Sri Aurobindo ... |website=Theuniversityoftomorrow |access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref> Girija is currently a writer based in London. Previously working for a medical technology newsletter, she is now writing for a shipping magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ekikrat.in/Girija-Shettar |title=Girija Shettar |access-date=17 May 2011 |archive-date=7 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007132421/http://ekikrat.in/Girija-Shettar |url-status=dead}}</ref> A booklet of haiku poetry entitled "This Year, Daffodils" was published by Survivors' Poetry and the Esmee Fairburn Foundation, 2011. In 2014, she won Social Media Journalist of the Year as senior reporter for [[IHS Markit|IHS Maritime Fairplay]] at Seahorse Journalist Awards, London.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theloadstar.com/loadstar-editor-wins-supply-chain-journalism-award/ |title=Seahorse Journalist Awards 2014 |website=The Loadstar |date=11 December 2014 |access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref>

After the release of ''[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]'',<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xO12mAaPHDw Geethanjali Girija with Tv9 – Exclusive – YouTube]</ref> she appeared on the front page of [[Screen (magazine)]], India 30 June 1989 issue.<ref>''Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema'', by Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen, page 450.</ref> In 2002, ''Geethanjali'' was one of five films shown at the British Film Institute during a retrospective of Mani Ratnam's work. The films were chosen as examples of strong heroine roles in Indian films.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role(s)
! scope="col"| Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="3"|1989 || ''[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]'' || Geethanjali ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Telugu Debut Nominated - [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu ]]|| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/i-used-to-dream-about-the-possibility-of-a-sequel-to-geetanjali-girija-shettar-4831668/ |title=I used to dream about the possibility of a sequel to Geetanjali: Girija Shettar |website=The Indian Express |date=12 September 2017 |access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vandanam]]'' || Gaadha Fernandes || rowspan="2" |[[Malayalam]] || Malayalam Debut || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2017/09/09/mohanlal-vandanam-actress-girija-shettar-photo-social-media.html |title=This is what Vandanam's Gadha looks like now! |website=Malayala Manorama |date=11 September 2017 |access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''Dhanushkodi'' || Girija || Unreleased ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article340875.ece?service=print |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822124315/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article340875.ece?service=print |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 August 2014 |title=The Silver Screen Jinx |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=5 March 2012 |access-date=21 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar]]'' || ||[[Hindi]] || Special appearance in song "Arre Yaaron Mere Pyaaron" || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jo-jeeta-wohi-sikandar/articleshow/47162994.cms |title=Love at first song |website=Bangalore Mirror |date=15 May 2015 |access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Hrudayanjali]]'' || Maya || Telugu || Filming completed in 1992, but released in 2002 || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-hrudayanjali.html|title=lacks soul|work=[[The Hindu]]|last=Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|author-link=Gudipoodi Srihari}}</ref>
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]'' || Herself || Hindi || Cameo appearance ||<ref>Smrity Sharma, '[http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3780896.cms?in_showcase&in_showcase Riteish behind CM-dad's resignation?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123172543/http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3780896.cms?in_showcase&in_showcase |date=23 January 2009 }}', ''India Times Movies'' 2 December 2008.</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Ibbani Tabbida Ileyali]]'' || Madhumitha ||[[Kannada]] || ||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/yesteryear-actor-girija-shettar-returns-to-the-big-screen-for-a-kannada-film/articleshow/104940265.cms |title=Yesteryear Actor Girija Shettar Returns To The Big Screen For A Kannada Film |website=The Times of India |access-date=31 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=0006430}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shettar, Girija}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]
[[Category:Actresses from Puducherry]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Alumni of Cardiff University]]
[[Category:Auroville]]
[[Category:British expatriate actresses in India]]
[[Category:English film actresses]]
[[Category:English-language haiku poets]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Kannada actresses]]
[[Category:People from Orsett]]
[[Category:People of Kannada descent]]
[[Category:20th-century British actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century British actresses]]
[[Category:Actors from Thurrock]]

Cardamine flexuosa

2025-12-27T19:27:31Z

Sergqpm: Stub

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the cabbage family}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Cardamine flexuosa eF.jpg
|genus = Cardamine
|species = flexuosa
|authority = [[William Withering|With.]]
}}
[[file:(MHNT)- Cardamine flexuosa inflorescence.jpg|thumb|Inflorescence]]
{{Commons}}

'''''Cardamine flexuosa''''', commonly known as '''wavy bittercress''' or '''wood bitter-cress''', is an herbaceous [[annual plant|annual]], [[biennial plant|biennial]], or short-lived [[perennial plant]] in the [[Brassicaceae|cabbage family]] (Brassicaceae).<ref>Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. 1996. ''An Irish Flora.'' Dundalgan Press, Dundalk. {{ISBN|0-85221-131-7}}</ref>

==Description==
This is a small flowering plant growing to a height of no more than {{Convert|30|cm|abbr=on}}, usually annual or short-lived perennial, with few short, erect stems. The leaves pinnate, mostly at the base, each with about 5 pairs of rounded leaflets. [[Flower]]s very small, white, 3–4 mm across with 6 [[stamen]]s. [[Fruit]]s of ''C. flexuosa'' generally do not overtop the flowers, a feature distinguishing it from ''[[Cardamine hirsuta]]''.<ref name="Clapham">Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. ''Excursion Flora of the British Isles.'' Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-04656-4}}</ref>

==Distribution==
It is native to the [[British Isles]],<ref name=Stace>{{cite book|last=Stace|first=C. A.|authorlink = Stace, C. A.|year=2010|title=New Flora of the British Isles|edition=Third|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location = Cambridge, U.K.|isbn=9780521707725}}</ref>{{rp|401}} Europe, North Africa, Turkey and Iran and widely introduced elsewhere.<ref name="PoWO">{{cite web |title=Cardamine flexuosa With. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:45189-2 |access-date=18 April 2024 }}</ref>

==Habitat==
In [[Ireland]] common in woods shady and damp places.<ref>Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. ''Webb's An Irish Flora.'' Cork University Press. {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref><ref name="Clapham"/>

==Uses==
In the [[Northeast India]]n state of [[Manipur]], where it is known as '''''chaantruk''''', ''C. flexuosa'' is eaten as an [[aromatic herb]], often used to garnish [[eromba]].{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q158048}}

[[Category:Cardamine|flexuosa]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]

{{Brassicaceae-stub}}

Zhaleo Rio

2025-12-27T10:10:07Z

Sergqpm: refined details to improve readability and added references

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Family name hatnote|[[Rio (surname)#Naga family name|Rio]]|lang=Angami}}
'''Zhaleo Rio''' is a [[Naga People's Front]] politician from [[Nagaland]]. He is a three-term member of the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]], and has served as advisor to the chief minister in multiple departments.

== Political career ==
He was first elected to the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]] from [[Ghaspani II Assembly constituency|Ghaspani II constituency]] in [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] as a candidate of [[Naga People's Front]]. He defeated his nearest rival [[Y. Hewoto Awomi]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) by a margin of 2388 votes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=J. |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |title=Report on the General Election to the 12th Nagaland Legislative Assembly, 2013 |date=2013 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland |location=Kohima |publication-date=2013 |pages=38 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022}}</ref> In 2018 he won the seat as a candidate of the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]] (NDPP). He was the deputy speaker of [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]] from 2018 to 2019 before being named as an advisor to [[Chief Ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister of Nagaland]] [[Neiphiu Rio]] and allocated three departments (Sericulture, Excise and Minority Affairs).<ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/zhaleo-rio-elected-as-deputy-speaker-of-nagaland-assembly-118032600658_1.html Zhaleo Rio elected as Deputy Speaker of Nagaland Assembly]</ref><ref>[http://www.uniindia.com/news/east/minor-reshuffle-in-nagaland-cabinet-advisers/1675774.html Minor reshuffle in Nagaland Cabinet & Advisors]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nagalandpost.com/rio-to-re-shuffle-ministry-soon/200031.html |title=Rio to re-shuffle ministry soon |access-date=8 October 2019 |archive-date=8 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008143559/http://www.nagalandpost.com/rio-to-re-shuffle-ministry-soon/200031.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://myneta.info/nagaland2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=5802 Myneta]</ref>

== Personal life ==
He is the brother of Nagaland Chief Minister, [[Neiphiu Rio]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rio, Zhaleo}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Naga People's Front politicians]]
[[Category:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Kohima]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]

{{Nagaland-politician-stub}}

Ethan Manning

2025-12-23T01:20:37Z

Sergqpm:

{{short description|American politician}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ethan Manning
| image = Ethan Manning.jpg
| birth_place = [[Peru, Indiana]], U.S.
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| education = [[Western Governors University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])
| state_house = Indiana
| district = 23rd
| term_start = November 7, 2018
| predecessor = [[Bill Friend (politician)|Bill Friend]]
}}

'''Ethan Manning''' is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the [[Indiana House of Representatives]] from the 23rd district. He assumed office on November 7, 2018.

== Early life and education ==
Manning was born in [[Peru, Indiana]] and was raised on a farm near [[Macy, Indiana|Macy]]. After graduating from [[North Miami Middle/High School]], he studied business management at [[Purdue University Fort Wayne]] for two years. He later earned a broker's license from the Real Estate Career Institute and completed his Bachelor of Science degree through [[Western Governors University]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethan Manning|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Ethan_Manning|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Manning worked as a broker and auctioneer for Carriger Oldfather Realty and owned Manning Cattle. From 2011 to 2012, he served as the assistant Northeast Indiana political director in the district office of [[Richard Lugar]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gerber|first=Carson|title=The young Republican|url=https://www.kokomotribune.com/news/local_news/the-young-republican/article_d6d40af9-31a8-59de-91cd-1c97073c5033.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Kokomo Tribune|language=en}}</ref> In 2012 and 2013, he was the chair of the Indiana Federation of College Republicans. From 2014 to 2018, he served as a member of the [[Miami County, Indiana]] Council and later as chair of the Miami County Republican Party. He was elected to the [[Indiana House of Representatives]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethan Manning {{!}} State of Indiana House of Representatives|url=https://www.indianahouserepublicans.com/members/leadership/ethan-manning/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.indianahouserepublicans.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kirk|first=Mitchell|title=Miami Co. 26-year-old headed to Statehouse|url=https://www.kokomotribune.com/news/miami-co-26-year-old-headed-to-statehouse/article_bf62bbd6-e2c9-11e8-b421-2f13a158f67b.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Kokomo Tribune|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indiana House of Representatives}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manning, Ethan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Peru, Indiana]]
[[Category:People from Miami County, Indiana]]
[[Category:Western Governors University alumni]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the Indiana House of Representatives]]
[[Category:21st-century members of the Indiana General Assembly]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Gull Dong

2025-12-20T14:10:48Z

Sergqpm: expand details for accuracy

{{short description|Dog breed}}
{{Infobox Dogbreed


| image = File:13 months old Male Bully Kutta.jpg
| name = Gull Dong
| caption =
| altname =
| country = [[India]], [[Pakistan]]

|maleweight = {{convert|55|-|85|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
|femaleweight = {{convert|45|-|65|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
|maleheight = {{convert|18|-|22|in|cm|abbr=on}}
|femaleheight = {{convert|18|-|22|in|cm|abbr=on}}
|coat = Short, dense
|color = White, white with occasional dark-colored markings on the face and body
}}

The '''Gull Dong''' is a dog breed of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVqmEAAAQBAJ&dq=gull+dong&pg=PA100 | title=Gull Terrier : There is no Better Dog for India | isbn=9789394603257 | last1=Sthapak | first1=Aalok | date=9 January 2023 | publisher=StoryMirror Infotech Pvt }}</ref> that is often used in [[dog fighting]], hunting, and guarding.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tribune.com.pk/article/22043/the-bloody-world-of-dog-fighting-victory-or-death-there-is-no-mercy |title=The bloody world of dog fighting: Victory or death, there is no mercy! |publisher=[[Express Tribune]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111224146/https://tribune.com.pk/article/22043/the-bloody-world-of-dog-fighting-victory-or-death-there-is-no-mercy |archive-date=11 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Origin==
The Gull Dong is the result from when a [[Gull Terrier]] is crossed with a [[Bully Kutta]]. These started to be crossed in [[British Raj|colonial India]] and the consequent Gull Dong is celebrated in India and Pakistan for its "speed and tenacity".

During the era of the [[British Raj]] in India, [[Bull Terrier]]s were introduced to the northwestern Indian subcontinent, which now includes the modern republics of India and Pakistan. In British India, the Bull Terrier breed soared in popularity,<ref name="CopemanRumble1983">{{cite book |last1=Copeman |first1=George Henry |last2=Rumble |first2=Tony |title=Capital as an Incentive |date=1983 |publisher=Jupiter Books |isbn=9780881689907 |page=115 |language=en|quote=The breed's popularity spread to India and Africa and to other countries of the Commonwealth, from whence it travelled to the United States and elsewhere.}}</ref> with the Bull Terrier Club of India being established in [[Calcutta]]. Bull Terriers were crossed with local breeds to develop the Gull Terrier, often called the Indian Bull Terrier and also now the Pakistani Bull Terrier. The Gull Terrier is a medium-sized dog with short, smooth fur which resembles that of the [[Staffordshire Bull Terrier]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_gx5CgAAQBAJ&q=gull+terr&pg=PA109|title=Bear Necessities: Rescue, Rehabilitation, Sanctuary, and Advocacy|first=Lisa|last=Kemmerer|date=27 August 2015|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]]|access-date=17 October 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9789004293090}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Portal:Dogs|Dogs portal]]
* [[List of dog breeds]]
* [[List of dog breeds from India]]

==References==
<references></references>

{{Indian dogs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gull Dong}}
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Dog fighting breeds]]
[[Category:Rare dog breeds]]
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in India]]

{{dog-stub}}

Akhil Bharatiya Pratinidhi Sabha

2025-11-06T15:05:25Z

Sergqpm: put up initial article w/ sources

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
'''Akhil Bharatiya Pratinidhi Sabha''' (ABPS; transl. All India General Body<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Chatterji|first1=Angana P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcObDwAAQBAJ|title=Majoritarian State: How Hindu Nationalism Is Changing India|last2=Hansen|first2=Thomas Blom|last3=Jaffrelot|first3=Christophe|date=2019|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-007817-1|pages=141|language=en}}</ref> or All India Representative Committee/Council; also referred to as the '''RSS''' '''Pratinidhi Sabha''') is the highest decision making or apex policy making body of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[Paramilitary|paramilitary organisation]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-21|title=Bengaluru to host two-day RSS annual meet in March|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-to-host-two-day-rss-annual-meet-in-march-7154643/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Anand|first=Arun|date=2020-03-13|title=Why covering RSS top decision-making body's annual meeting is a nightmare for journalists|url=https://theprint.in/politics/why-covering-rss-top-decision-making-bodys-annual-meeting-is-a-nightmare-for-journalists/380028/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref>

The constitution and the roles of the ABPS are outlined in Article 15 of the Constitution of the RSS.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|url=http://archive.org/details/the-constitution-of-rashtriya-swayamsevak-sangh|title=The Constitution Of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|via=archive.org}}</ref> The elected members of the ABPS elect the Sarkaryavaha (equivalent to the general secretary, executive head<ref>{{Cite web|title=Basic FAQ on RSS|url=https://www.rss.org/Encyc/2017/6/3/basic-faq-on-rss-eng.html|access-date=2021-03-14|website=www.rss.org|language=en}}</ref>).<ref name=":1" /> As per the constitution the ABPS "shall meet at least once a year" and "shall review the work and lay down the policy and programme of the Sangh".<ref name=":1" />

== Resolutions ==
ABPS resolutions depict RSS thinking. They are only passed until and unless there is complete unanimity.<ref name=":0" />

Resolutions passed by the ABPS cover all topics that affect Indian society:{{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=}}

* Nehru-Noon Pact (1959){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=14}}
* Nehru-Chou En-lai parleys (1960){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=19}}
* Statement Bharat's Policy vis-à-vis Chinese Aggression (1962){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=27}}
* Making R.S.S. a Scape-goat (1974){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=74}}
* Jammu and Kashmir (1990){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=96}}
* [[Kaveri River water dispute|The Cauvery Row]]: The Way Out (1992){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=102}}
* Call for [[Swadeshi movement|Swadeshi]] (1992){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=102}}
* Call for Social Harmony (1994){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=111}}
* National Security (1996){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=122}}
* On explosive north-eastern situation (1997){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=126}}
* [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] (2001){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=146}}
* [[Buddhas of Bamiyan|Demolition of Buddha Statues in Bamiyan]] (2001){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=146}}
* [[Cow protection movement|Cow Protection]] (2001){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=148}}
* Priority of Agriculture (2003){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=159}}
* Preserving Economic Interests and Sovereignty of the Country (2007){{Sfnp|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007|p=181}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

'''Bibliography'''

* {{Cite book|title=R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|publisher=[[Suruchi Prakashan]]|year=2007|isbn=9788189622305|ref={{sfnref|R.S.S. Resolves 1950-2007|2007}}}}
{{Sangh Parivar}}
{{Hindu Nationalism}}

[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]
[[Category:Sangh Parivar]]

{{India-org-stub}}

All India Kurmi Kshatriya Mahasabha

2025-11-05T13:12:32Z

Sergqpm:

{{Short description|Indian caste organisation}}
The '''All India Kurmi Mahasabha''' (AIKM) is an organisation that was established in 1910 to promote the interests of the [[Kurmi]] community.

== Origin ==

The Kurmi agriculturist community had a reputation as a hard-working [[caste system in India|caste]] by the authorities of the [[British Raj]]. They were at one time classified as a [[Criminal Tribes Act |criminal tribe]] and had a reputation for being violent and ruthless in their attempts to dominate [[untouchability|untouchable]] communities.<ref name="Kumar" /> Desiring recognition as a caste, the first Kurmi community association was formed in 1894 at [[Lucknow]] to protest against the recruitment policy that debarred them from entry to the police service. This was followed by an organisation in [[Awadh]] that sought to draw other communities such as the [[Patidar]]s, [[Maratha]]s, Kudumbars, [[Velama]], [[Vokkaliga]], [[Khandayat]], [[Kamboj]], under the umbrella of the Kurmi name. This body then campaigned for Kurmis to classify themselves as [[Kshatriya]] but there's no valid proof to support this statement in the 1901 census and, according to [[Christophe Jaffrelot]], this led to the formation of the All India Kurmi Mahasabha in 1910.<ref>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=197 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-29}}</ref> Other sources agree with this general history, which reflected a wider trend among Indian communities for social and political recognition, but consider the AIKKM to have formed in 1894.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite book |title=Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar |first=Ashwani |last=Kumar |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2008 |isbn=9781843317098 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&pg=PA35 |page=35}}</ref>

In the 1940s and after, following the [[independence of India]], the position of the AIKKM as a focal point for the community changed. In common with many other caste associations, it had been concerned primarily with resolving disputes among members of the community and with maintaining cohesion but a new breed of educated, youthful Kurmi activists sought a more politicised agenda. They appealed to the upwardly-mobile landowning members of the community to support their goal of recognition for [[Chhattisgarh]] as an independent state within the Republic of India. Some of these people, who included [[Purushottam Kaushik]], formed organisations such as the Nau Yuvak Sangh (1946), while [[Khubchand Bagel]] was elected as head of the AIKKM in 1948 but, like Kaushik, was primarily interested the Chhattisgarh issue.<ref>{{cite book |title=Remapping India: New States and their Political Origins |first=Louise |last=Tillin |publisher=Hurst Publishers |year=2013 |isbn=9781849042291 |pages=119–120, 154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abENAQAAQBAJ}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bhumi Sena]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Organizations established in 1910]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]

Nanben Da (TV series)

2025-11-05T00:09:12Z

Sergqpm: New First Article V1 - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Friendship
| image = Nanbenda (TV shows).jpg
| caption = Logo
| genre = Comedy talk show
| creator =
| based_on =
| director =
| presenter = RJ Vigneshkanth Tom Frank
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 27
| list_episodes = #List of episodes
| producer =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 40-45 minutes per episode
| company =
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2017|6|18}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2017|12|10}}
| music =
| channel = [[Zee Tamil]]
}}

'''Nanben Da''' is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil language]] comedy chat show which airs on [[Zee Tamil]] every Sunday at 1:30PM ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) from 18 June 2017 to 10 December 2017 for 27 Episodes. The show was shift at 1:00PM ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screen4screen.com/tamilcinemanews/zee-tamil-nanbaen-da/|title=Zee Tamil launches Nanbaen Da, a fun-filled chat show|publisher=www.screen4screen.com|access-date=2017-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/a-television-show-dedicated-to-friendship/articleshow/59179803.cms|title=A television show dedicated to friendship|work=The Times of India |date=17 June 2017 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2017-06-17}}</ref> The show's anchors are Smile Settai, and [[RJ Vigneshkanth]].

==Overview==
The show features three or four guests and two anchors, the core idea is to get them to share their nostalgic memories besides funny and interesting moments. The guests are actors, musicians, newsreaders, TV stars, stunt masters, comedians, dancers and more. The show has five segments.

==List of Episodes==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="width:20pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|Episodes
!style="width:200pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|Celebrities
!style="width:250pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|Notes
!style="width:100pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|Telecast date
|-
| 01
| [[Sanjeev (Tamil actor, born 1975)|Sanjeev]] [[Deepak Dinkar]] [[Shreekumar]]
| Television Actors, [[television presenter]]
| 18 June 2017
|-
| 02
| [[Nisha Krishnan]] [[Sandra Amy]] Vanitha Hariharan
| Television Actress and [[television presenter]]
| 25 June 2017
|-
| 03
| Sandy Nandha K. Sivasankar
| Dance Masters
| 2 July 2017
|-
| 04
| Saranya Ranjith Monica
| [[News presenter|News Presenter]]
| 9 July 2017
|-
| 05
| [[Thalapathy Dinesh]] [[Besant Ravi]] [[Mahanadi Shankar]]
| Stuntman
| 16 July 2017
|-
| 06
| [[Hiphop Tamizha]] Shahra Aathmika
| [[Meesaya Murukku]] Movie Team
| 23 July 2017
|-
| 07
| Gana Ulaganathan [[Chinnaponnu]] Mahalingam
| [[Indian folk music|Tamil Folk music Singers]]
| 30 July 2017
|-
| 08
| [[Samuthirakani]] [[Namo Narayana]] [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]]
| Actors
| 6 August 2017
|-
| 09
| Archana [[Badava Gopi]] Sutti Aravid
| Anchors
| 13 August 2017
|-
| 10
| [[Aalap Raju]] [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]] [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| [[playback singer]]
| 20 August 2017
|-
| 11
| [[V. J. Chitra]] Madhan Azhagappan
| Television Actors
| 27 August 2017
|-
| 12
| Sudhakar Vijay Gopi
| YouTube VJ
| 3 September 2017
|-
| 13
| Balaji [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]] [[John Vijay]]
| Actors
| 10 September 2017
|-
| 14
| Sham Devi Kirupa Shyam Sundar
| Television Actors
| 17 September 2017
|-
| 15
| [[RJ Dheena]] [[RJ Ophelia]] RJ Miruthula
| Radio Jockey
| 24 September 2017
|-
| 16
| [[Manobala]] [[Prem (actor)|Prem]] [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]]
| Actors
| 1 October 2017
|-
| 17
| Barath Munish Chaitra
| [[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yaaradi Nee Mohini]] Serial Actors
| 8 October 2017
|-
| 18
| Maheshwari Keerthi [[Ramya NSK]]
| VJ and [[playback singer]]
| 15 October 2017
|-
| 19
| [[Bobby Simha]] [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] [[Susi Ganeshan]]
| [[Thiruttu Payale 2]] Movie Team
| 18 October 2017
|-
| 20
| [[Pooja Vaidyanath]] Sathiya Deepak
| [[playback singer]]
| 22 October 2017
|-
| 21
| Clara Kathir Arivalagan
| Dancers
| 29 October 2017
|-
| 22
| Sidharth Mani 
| [[Choreography (dance)]] and Television Actor
| 5 November 2017
|-
| 23
| Reshma Reya Krithika Laddu Diwakar
| [[Poove Poochudava (TV series)|Poove Poochudava]] Serial Actors
| 12 November 2017
|-
| 24
| Rajmohan Ashwin Rao [[Balaji Venugopal]]
| Reporters and [[television presenter]]
| 19 November 2017
|-
| 25
| [[Puvi (actor)|Puvi Arasu]] Karthik Kamal
| Dancers, [[television presenter]], Actors
| 26 November 2017
|-
| 26
| Ganga V. Uma Shankar [[Mohan Vaidya (singer)|Mohan Vaidya]]
| Carnatic and [[playback singer]]
| 3 December 2017
|-
| 27
| Uma Maheswari Gopi [[Deepa Venkat]]
| dubbing artist
| 10 December 2017
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|10443016}}

{{Zee Tamil shows}}

[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language talk shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language quiz shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

2014 Malin landslide

2025-09-21T14:40:31Z

Sergqpm: put up a bio w/ refs

{{Short description|Natural disaster in Pune, Maharashtra, India}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox event
| title = 2014 Malin landslide
| image = File:India Maharashtra locator map.svg
| image_size = 350
| caption = Location of Maharashtra in India
| date = 30 July 2014
| map =
| time =
| place = [[Malin, India|Malin]], [[Ambegaon taluka]], [[Pune District]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19|9|40|N|73|41|18|E|region:IN_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| also known as =
| cause = [[Landslide]] due to heavy rain
| first reporter =
| filmed by =
| outcome =
| reported deaths = 151
| reported injuries =
| reported missing =
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| arrests =
| url = 
| website = 
| notes =
}}
{{Location map |India Maharashtra|label = Malin |position = right |lat = 19.161111|long = 73.688333|caption = Location of Malin in Maharashtra state. |float = right|width = 225|border=yes}}

On 30 July 2014, a [[landslide]] occurred in the village of Malin in the [[Ambegaon taluka]] of the [[Pune district]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The landslide, which hit early in the morning while residents were asleep,<ref>{{cite web |date=30 July 2014 |title=Indian landslide: more than dozens trapped in Pune village of Malin |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28559617 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730004900/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28559617 |archive-date=30 July 2024 |accessdate=30 July 2014 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> was believed to have been caused by a burst of heavy rainfall, and killed at least 151 people.<ref name="Rashid">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/four-years-and-many-surveys-later-disaster-prevention-work-yet-to-begin-in-20-landslide-prone-villages-5483994/|title=Four years and many surveys later, disaster prevention work yet to begin in 20 'landslide-prone' villages|last=Rashid|first=Atikh|date=2018-12-08|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-07-28|archive-date=20 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820014333/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/four-years-and-many-surveys-later-disaster-prevention-work-yet-to-begin-in-20-landslide-prone-villages-5483994/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rains continued after the landslide making rescue efforts difficult.

==Cause==
The landslides were caused after heavy rainfall that had begun the previous day, then with the village receiving {{convert|108|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} of rain on 29 July and continuing throughout the following day. The environmental destruction that resulted in the landslide is believed to have had many causes. The major cause was the negligence of geological facts before any developmental process. Another cause cited as contributing to the landslide was deforestation in the area. [[Deforestation]] removes not only trees but also root structures that hold together the soil.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}} Through deforestation, the soil of the surrounding land was made loose, and experts argue that deforestation was the primary undelaying anthropogenic cause of the landslide.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.firstpost.com/india/truth-behind-pune-village-landslide-deforestation-for-a-govt-scheme-1642715.html
| title = The real reason for Pune village landslide: Forest was cleared for a govt scheme
| website = Firstpost
| date = August 2014
| language = en-US
| access-date = 2016-03-01
| archive-date = 20 June 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170620113603/http://www.firstpost.com/india/truth-behind-pune-village-landslide-deforestation-for-a-govt-scheme-1642715.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref> One additional reason was changing agricultural practices{{spaced ndash}} villagers had recently shifted from cultivation of rice and [[finger millet]] to wheat, which required leveling of steep areas, which contributed to the instability of the hills. Also, the construction of the nearby [[Dimbhe Dam]] ten years ago was considered as a possible reason. The instability of the hillsides was due to the construction activities, which are often done without careful analysis of environmental consequences.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mazoomdaar|first1=Jay|title=Is India's construction boom behind Pune village landslide?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28579668?ocid=socialflow_twitter|accessdate=1 August 2014|agency=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=31 July 2014}}</ref> Stone [[quarry]]ing, among other types of construction, was specifically blamed by Sumaira Abdulali of the [[Awaaz Foundation]], for the instability of the hillside.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian media: Deforestation behind deadly Pune landslide|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28578939|accessdate=1 August 2014|agency=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=31 July 2014|archive-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801060316/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28578939|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Casualties==
Although initial reports stated that the landslide had killed 17 people, officials expected the death toll to exceed 150.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/landslide-kills-17-in-indian-village/story-fn3dxix6-1227007989186 | title=Landslide kills 17 in Indian village | work=[[The Australian]] | date=30 July 2014 | accessdate=30 July 2014 | author=AAP}}</ref> As of 4 August 2014, the death toll had reached 134. The bodies so far recovered were of 50 men, 64 women and 20 children.<ref name="ie2">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/malin-day-6-body-count-reaches-134/|title=Malin, Day 6: Body count reaches 134|date=5 August 2014|work=The Indian Express|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-date=5 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805084900/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/malin-day-6-body-count-reaches-134/|url-status=live}}</ref> About 44 to 46 separate houses were believed to have been buried in the landslide.<ref name="ie">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/landslide-in-pune-village-over-100-trapped/|title=Major landslide hits Pune village; at least 17 dead, over 160 feared trapped|date=30 July 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=30 July 2014|archive-date=30 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730110407/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/landslide-in-pune-village-over-100-trapped/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="toi" />

==Management ==
The landslide was first noticed by a bus driver who drove by the area and saw that the village had been overrun with mud and earth.<ref name="bbcindia">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28578864|title=India landslide: Rescuers race to find survivors in Pune village as toll rises|date=31 July 2014|work=BBC News India|accessdate=31 July 2014|archive-date=31 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731165636/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28578864|url-status=live}}</ref> Emergency services, including 378 personnel of the [[National Disaster Response Force]], were mobilized to the area, and 8 victims had been rescued from the landslide prior to the evening of 30 July.<ref name=toi>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/17-dead-158-feared-trapped-in-landslide-near-Pune-rescue-operations-on/articleshow/39307767.cms | title=17 dead, 158 feared trapped in landslide near Pune, rescue operations on | work=The Times of India | date=30 July 2014 | accessdate=30 July 2014 | author=Jain, Bharti | archive-date=30 July 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730182920/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/17-dead-158-feared-trapped-in-landslide-near-Pune-rescue-operations-on/articleshow/39307767.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, rescue efforts had been hampered by poor road conditions and continuing rains.<ref name=usn>{{cite web | url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2014/07/30/landslide-hits-indian-village-150-may-be-trapped | title=Rain-triggered landslide buries homes in remote Indian village, killing at least 17 | work=U.S. News & World Report | date=30 July 2014 | accessdate=30 July 2014 | author=AP | author-link=Associated Press }}</ref> Authorities have also expressed pessimism about the possibility of recovering any of the trapped people alive.<ref name=toi/> As of 31 July, 22 people had been rescued alive from the landslide.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/07/31/pune-landslide-survivor-fears-family-is-buried-under-a-mass-of-mud/ | title=Pune Landslide Survivor Fears Family is Buried Under a Mass of Mud | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=31 July 2014 | accessdate=31 July 2014 | author=Acharya, Nupur | archive-date=10 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810201452/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/07/31/pune-landslide-survivor-fears-family-is-buried-under-a-mass-of-mud/ | url-status=live }}</ref> On 4 August, the survivors of the landslide were ordered by the district administration to move out of Malin.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/malin-no-longer-safe-to-live-in-landslide-survivors-move-out/article1-1248190.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804221307/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/malin-no-longer-safe-to-live-in-landslide-survivors-move-out/article1-1248190.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 August 2014 | title=Malin landslide survivors asked to relocate | work=Hindustan Times | date=4 August 2014 | accessdate=4 August 2014 | author=Joshi, Yogesh}}</ref> Apart from the Security Forces, members of voluntary organizations and locals also helped in rescue operations. On 7 August, rescue operations officially drew to a close,<ref name="Rashid" /> with the final death toll resting at 151.<ref name="Rashid" /><ref>{{cite web |author=Banerjee, Shoumojit |date=7 August 2014 |title=Malin landslide: Rescue operations draw to a close |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/malin-landslide-rescue-operations-draw-to-a-close/article6291570.ece |accessdate=10 August 2014 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907160637/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/malin-landslide-rescue-operations-draw-to-a-close/article6291570.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reactions of malin==
* Office of [[Prime Minister of India]] released a statement in response to the landslide, in which they "condoled the loss of lives in the landslide and directed all possible efforts to help the affected people."<ref>{{cite web |date=30 July 2014 |title=PM Narendra Modi directs Rajnath Singh to rush to landslide-hit spot in Pune |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-directs-rajnath-singh-to-rush-to-landslide-hit-spot-in-pune/articleshow/39305788.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005720/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-directs-rajnath-singh-to-rush-to-landslide-hit-spot-in-pune/articleshow/39305788.cms |archive-date=28 August 2023 |accessdate=30 July 2014 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>
* Chief of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]], [[Sharad Pawar]], dubbed the landslide "unfortunate", and tweeted that "We have many villages located beneath hillocks. This incident has alarmed us to rethink about such villages."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pune-landslide-sharad-pawar-terms-incident-unfortunate-2006732 | title=Pune landslide: Sharad Pawar terms incident 'unfortunate' | work=[[DNA India]] | date=30 July 2014 | accessdate=30 July 2014}}</ref>
* The [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]] demanded a "time bound enquiry into the true causes of this disaster".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://cpim.org/content/malin-disaster | title=Malin Disaster | publisher=The Politburo of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]] | date=31 July 2014 | accessdate=2 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053755/http://cpim.org/content/malin-disaster | archive-date=8 August 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Natural disasters in India}}
{{Disasters in India in 2014}}

[[Category:Landslides in 2014|Malin landslide]]
[[Category:2014 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Landslides in India|Malin landslide]]
[[Category:History of Pune district]]
[[Category:2014 in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:July 2014 in India]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in Maharashtra]]

Maiestas xanthocephalus

2025-08-02T05:53:35Z

Sergqpm: New First Info W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Species of true bug}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| genus = Maiestas
| species = xanthocephalus
| authority = (Dash & Viraktamath, 1998)
}}

'''''Maiestas xanthocephalus''''' (formerly ''Recilia xanthocephalus'') is a species of [[leafhopper]] from the [[leafhopper|Cicadellidae]] family that is endemic to [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalspecies.org/ntaxa/2457828|title=Recilia xenthocephalus|publisher=[[Global Species Database]]|accessdate=22 May 2012|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040350/http://globalspecies.org/ntaxa/2457828|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was formerly placed within ''[[Recilia]]'', but a 2009 revision moved it to ''[[Maiestas]]''.<ref name=WeebViraktamath2009>Webb, M.D.; Viraktamath, C.A. 2009: Annotated check-list, generic key and new species of Old World Deltocephalini leafhoppers with nomenclatorial changes in the ''Deltocephalus'' group and other Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). ''Zootaxa'', '''2163''': 1-64. [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/z02163p064f.pdf Abstract & excerpt]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q4024607}}

[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Hemiptera of Asia]]
[[Category:Maiestas|xanthocephalus]]

{{Deltocephalinae-stub}}

Mahesh Bhuriya

2025-07-31T18:41:06Z

Sergqpm: New First Pg W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Mahesh Bhuriya''' (born 1970)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Maheshbhai Somjibhai Bhuriya(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- JHALOD (ST)(DAHOD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=6094 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Jhalod Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[Dahod district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Election Result 2022: Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-election-results-2022-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Gujarat Assembly Election Results 2022: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-winning-candidates-constituency-8312674/ |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bhuriya is from [[Jhalod]], Dahod district, Gujarat. He is the son of Somjibhai Bhuriya. He passed Class 12 in 2002 at M.S. High School, Gandhinagar and later discontinued his studies.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Bhuriya won from [[Jhalod Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Jhalod Election 2022 Final Results LIVE: BJP Candidate MAHESHBHAI SOMJIBHAI BHURIYA wins from Jhalod , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/jhalod-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568277 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> He polled 82,745 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Anilbhai Garasiya of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]], by a margin of 35,222 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/statewiseS068.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205174250/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/statewiseS068.htm |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=results.eci.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Limbdi Assembly constituency|Limdi Assembly constituency]] representing the BJP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Limdi Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/limdi-gujarat-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> In the [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] he lost to Bhaveshbhai Babubhai Katara of the [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 25,410 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhalod Assembly Seat, Gujarat Election 2022 – Get Jhalod constituency news updates and complete details {{!}} Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/jhalod-130 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203041615/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/jhalod-130 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhuriya, Mahesh}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Dahod district]]

1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake

2025-05-28T09:15:04Z

Sergqpm: put up the entry and citations

{{Short description|Seismic event}}
{{Infobox earthquake
|title= 1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake
|pre-1900 = yes
|local-date= {{Start-date|31 December 1881}}
|local-time= 07:49
|map2 = {{Location map+ | India
|places =
{{Location map~|India|lat=12.86|long=74.83|label=Mangalore|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=6.93|long=79.84|label=Colombo|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=13.08|long=80.27|label=Chennai|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=22.57|long=88.37|label=Kolkata|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=5.55|long=95.32|label=Banda Aceh|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=27.7|long=85.33|label=Kathmandu|position=top|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|India|lat=9.25|long=92.7|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=40}}
| width= 250
| float=right
| caption=
| relief=yes}}
|magnitude = 7.9 [[Moment magnitude scale|Mw]]
|depth=
|location={{coord|9.25|92.70|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Bilham"/>
|countries affected = [[India]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|tsunami = yes
|intensity = {{EMS-98|VII}}<ref name=Martin/>
|casualties = none reported
}}

The '''1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake''' occurred at about 07:49 local time (01:49 [[Coordinated universal time|UTC]]) on 31 December, with an [[epicenter|epicentre]] beneath [[Car Nicobar]]. It occurred as two separate [[earthquake#Rupture dynamics|ruptures]], the largest of which had an estimated magnitude of 7.9 on the [[moment magnitude scale]] and triggered a [[tsunami]] that was observed around the [[Bay of Bengal]]. It is probably the earliest [[earthquake]] for which rupture parameters have been estimated instrumentally.<ref name="Ortiz">{{cite journal|last=Ortiz|first=M.|author2=Bilham R.|year=2003|title=Source area and rupture parameters of the 31 December 1881 Mw = 7.9 Car Nicobar earthquake estimated from tsunamis recorded in the Bay of Bengal|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|publisher=American Geophysical Union|volume=108|issue=B4|page=2215|doi=10.1029/2002JB001941|url=http://ciresweb.colorado.edu/~bilham/Andaman.pdf|bibcode=2003JGRB..108.2215O}}</ref>

==Tectonic setting==
The [[Nicobar Islands]] are a series of volcanic islands that are part of an active [[volcanic arc]], formed above the [[subduction|subduction zone]] where the [[Indo-Australian plate]] passes beneath the [[Burma plate]]. The convergence along this plate boundary is highly oblique, with the plate vector running at a low angle to the boundary. Most of the strike-slip component of the convergence is accommodated by the [[Great Sumatran fault]], which passes northwards into the [[Andaman Sea]] [[Mid-ocean ridge|spreading centre]].<ref name="Ortiz"/> This plate boundary has been the location of many historical [[megathrust earthquake]]s. The 1881 rupture area lies almost entirely within that for the {{M|w|link=y}} 9.2 [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]], while rupturing less than a third of its down-dip width.<ref name="Bilham"/>

==Damage==
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands suffered some damage, although the only masonry buildings affected were in [[Port Blair]], including an infantry barrack and a chimney, both of which suffered severe cracking. On Car Nicobar, the coconut plantations and native huts were extensively damaged and [[sand volcano]]es were observed.<ref name="Ortiz"/> There were no reported casualties associated with either the earthquake or the subsequent tsunami.<ref name="NGDC">{{citation|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2310|title=Significant Earthquake Information|last=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|year=1972 |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |accessdate=2 August 2022|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}</ref>

==Characteristics==

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; text-align: center; font-size:90%;"
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Selected [[European macroseismic scale|EMS-98]] intensities
|-
! Intensity !! Locations
|-
| {{EMS-98|7}}
| [[Car Nicobar]]
|-
| {{EMS-98|6}}
| [[Port Blair]]
|-
| {{EMS-98|5}}
| [[Chennai]]
|-
| {{EMS-98|4}}
| [[Banda Aceh]], [[Colombo]]
|-
| {{EMS-98|3}}
| [[Kolkata]]
|-
|-
| {{EMS-98|2}}
| [[Kathmandu]], [[Mangalore]]
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | {{harvnb|Martin|Szeliga|2010}}
|}

===Earthquake===
The earthquake was very widely felt with reports from many parts of mainland [[India]], [[Burma]] and [[Sumatra]], a total area of {{convert|2000000|sqmi|km2}}.<ref name="Ortiz"/> The rupture area, and therefore the magnitude, has been calculated by modelling the observed tsunami arrival times and heights. Two rupture areas have been identified.<ref name="Bilham"/> The larger, and more southerly, measured 150 km x 60 km dipping about 20° to the east with a displacement of {{convert|2.7|m|ft}} and a smaller area to the north dipping 15° to the east with a displacement of {{convert|0.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The larger gives an estimated {{M|w|link=y}} 7.9 event and the smaller a {{M|w}} 7.0 event.<ref name="Bilham">{{cite journal|last=Bilham|first=R.|author2=Engdahl R., Feldl N. & Satyabala S.P.|year=2005|title=Partial and Complete Rupture of the Indo-Andaman Plate Boundary 1847–2004|journal=Seismological Research Letters|volume=76|issue=3|pages=299–311|doi=10.1785/gssrl.76.3.299|bibcode=2005SeiRL..76..299B |url=http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/IndonesiAndaman2004_files/AndamanSRL4Mar.pdf|accessdate=20 November 2010}}</ref>

===Tsunami===
The tsunami was recorded by eleven of a series of continuous [[tide gauge]]s around the Bay of Bengal that had recently been deployed by the [[Great Trigonometric Survey]] of India.<ref name="Ortiz"/> The ten gauges on the Indian mainland were synchronised using a telegraph to Madras ([[Chennai]]) time, while that at Port Blair was set by a [[chronometer watch|chronometer]] linked to local time. The maximum recorded wave height was {{convert|1.22|m|ft|abbr=on}} at [[Nagapattinam]].<ref name="Ortiz"/>

==See also==
* [[List of historical earthquakes]]
* [[List of tsunamis]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Martin>{{citation|title=A Catalog of Felt Intensity Data for 570 Earthquakes in India from 1636 to 2009|url=http://www.bssaonline.org/content/100/2/562.abstract|first1=S.|last1=Martin|first2=W.|last2=Szeliga|year=2010|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]]|series=Electronic Supplement (table S2)|volume=100|number=2|pages=562–569|doi=10.1785/0120080328|bibcode=2010BuSSA.100..562M|access-date=2017-02-16|archive-date=2016-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112172909/http://www.bssaonline.org/content/100/2/562.abstract|url-status=dead|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
}}

{{Earthquakes in India}}

[[Category:Earthquakes in India]]
[[Category:1881 earthquakes|Nicobar Islands Earthquake, 1881]]
[[Category:History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:1881 in India]]
[[Category:19th-century tsunamis]]
[[Category:1881 natural disasters]]
[[Category:December 1881]]
[[Category:Tsunamis in India]]
[[Category:Megathrust earthquakes in India]]
[[Category:Tsunamis in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Tsunamis in Thailand]]
[[Category:1880s disasters in Asia]]
[[Category:19th-century disasters in India]]

Nongshken Assembly constituency

2025-05-13T14:46:27Z

Sergqpm: Created a stub more to come

{{Primary|date=January 2025}}
{{Short description|Constituency of the Meghalaya legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nongshken
| type= SLA
| state = Meghalaya
| established = 1972
| abolished = 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 15,840
| mla = Don Kupar Massar
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Nongshken Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Meghalaya]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Darwin D Pugh || {{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Maham Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan=3 | Ganold Stone Massar || {{Full party name with color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || {{Full party name with color|Hill People's Union|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2 | Khan Khong Dkhar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Don Kupar Massar || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongshken<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Don Kupar Massar |party=Independent politician |votes=5,522 |percentage=37.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khan Khong Dkhar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,550 |percentage=31.19% |change={{decrease}}4.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Beliris Kharduia |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=2,624 |percentage=17.99% |change={{increase}}2.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nicholas Pohlong |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,891 |percentage=12.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=972 |percentage=6.66% |change= {{decrease}}2.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,587 |percentage=92.09% |change= {{increase}}19.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,840 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.87 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongshken<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Khan Khong Dkhar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,235 |percentage=35.98% |change={{decrease}}11.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganold Stone Massar |party=Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement |votes=3,182 |percentage=27.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Monarch Shabong |party=Independent politician |votes=1,858 |percentage=15.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Beliris Kharduia |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,783 |percentage=15.15% |change={{decrease}}29.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saindurlang Iawim |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=412 |percentage=3.50% |change={{increase}}0.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Premier Sing Khongbeh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=171 |percentage=1.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Tipsngi Laso |party=Samata Party |votes=128 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,053 |percentage=8.95% |change= {{increase}}6.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,769 |percentage=72.29% |change= {{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,289 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}11.31 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongshken<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Khan Khong Dkhar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,329 |percentage=47.30% |change={{increase}}3.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganold Stone Massar |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=5,079 |percentage=45.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Welborn Mawkhlieng |party=People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya) |votes=497 |percentage=4.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Tipsngi Laso |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=362 |percentage=3.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=250 |percentage=2.22% |change= {{increase}}1.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,267 |percentage=73.17% |change= {{decrease}}5.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,757 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.94 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Hill People's Union |swing= {{increase}}2.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongshken<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganold Stone Massar |party=Hill People's Union |votes=4,897 |percentage=44.46% |change={{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khan Khong Dkhar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,852 |percentage=44.05% |change={{increase}}18.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Tipsngi Laso |party=Independent politician |votes=469 |percentage=4.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ioanis L. Mawlong |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference (Armison Marak Group) |votes=464 |percentage=4.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Welborn Mawkhlieng |party=Independent politician |votes=305 |percentage=2.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rostonath Khongtyngkut |party=Independent politician |votes=28 |percentage=0.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=45 |percentage=0.41% |change= {{decrease}}21.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,015 |percentage=77.97% |change= {{increase}}5.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,333 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill People's Union |loser=Hill People's Union |swing= {{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongshken<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganold Stone Massar |party=Hill People's Union |votes=4,138 |percentage=47.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Dkhar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,193 |percentage=25.15% |change={{decrease}}4.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Tariang |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,291 |percentage=14.80% |change={{decrease}}23.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khan Khong Dkhar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,099 |percentage=12.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,945 |percentage=22.30% |change= {{increase}}13.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,721 |percentage=73.28% |change= {{decrease}}2.83 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,174 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill People's Union |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}9.37 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongshken<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganold Stone Massar |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=2,925 |percentage=38.08% |change={{increase}}4.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maham Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,279 |percentage=29.67% |change={{decrease}}3.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Stauley D. D. Nichols Roy |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,073 |percentage=26.99% |change={{decrease}}3.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Luisa Brosila Lamin |party=Independent politician |votes=404 |percentage=5.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=646 |percentage=8.41% |change= {{increase}}8.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,681 |percentage=76.87% |change= {{increase}}10.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,315 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.86 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.80 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongshken<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Maham Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,070 |percentage=33.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganoldstone Massar |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=2,059 |percentage=33.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Galystone Laloo |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,899 |percentage=30.54% |change={{decrease}}20.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiwell Ryngksai |party=Independent politician |votes=191 |percentage=3.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11 |percentage=0.18% |change= {{decrease}}15.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,219 |percentage=66.17% |change= {{increase}}13.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,653 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.04 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= {{decrease}}17.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongshken<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Darwin D Pugh |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,110 |percentage=51.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Luisa Brosila Lamin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,463 |percentage=35.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M Bhathan Singh Nongsteng |party=Independent politician |votes=544 |percentage=13.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pilat Khongkliam |party=Independent politician |votes=16 |percentage=0.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=647 |percentage=15.65% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,133 |percentage=51.77% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,109 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord missing|Meghalaya}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Meghalaya-geo-stub}}

Mulaghatika Ketana

2025-05-02T18:50:01Z

Sergqpm: New The Entry Added Tags - done

{{Short description|Telugu language poet and writer from southern India}}
{{distinguish|text=Tikkana's relative Bhaskaruni Ketana (c. 1200-1250) who translated ''Kadambari'' into Telugu.}}

'''Mulaghatika Ketana''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: మూలఘటిక కేతన, c. 1220{{En dash}}1260)<ref name="GVS_1968"/> was a [[Telugu language]] poet and writer from southern India. He was a disciple of the poet [[Tikkana]], and wrote multiple works under Tikkana's sponsorship.<ref name="VNR_DS"/>

== Works ==

Ketana wrote the following works:

* ''Dasa-kumara-charitamu'' is a Telugu translation of [[Daṇḍi|Dandin]]'s ''[[Dashakumaracharita|Dasha-kumara-charita]]''.<ref>{{cite book |author=M. Srinivasachariar |title=History of Classical Sanskrit Literature |year=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120802841 |page=463 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4dVRvVyHaiQC }}</ref><ref name="VNR_DS"/> Ketana assumed the title ''Abhinava Dandi'' ("the New Dandi"), and dedicated his work to Tikkana.<ref name="GVS_1968">{{cite book |author=G. V. Sitapati |title=History of Telugu Literature |year=1968 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |oclc=1208069 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yokOAAAAYAAJ }}</ref>
* ''[[Vijnaneshvaramu]]'' or ''Vijnaneshvariyamu'' is a legal ''[[dharmashastra]]'' text based on ''[[Mitakshara]]'', [[Vijnaneshvara]]'s commentary on ''[[Yajnavalkya Smrti]]''. Like the other ''dharmashastra'' texts, Ketana adheres to the ''[[varna (Hinduism)|varna]]'' system, treating Brahmins and men favourably. He highlights the importance of [[Brahmin]]s in governance, and recommends that the rulers follow the advice of the Brahmins knowledgeable about the shastras.<ref>{{cite book |author=K. Srinivasulu |chapter=Kingship in Medieval South India |editor=Himanshu Roy |title=Political Thought in Indic Civilization |publisher=SAGE |year=2021 |isbn=9789354791598 |page=133 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rAVBEAAAQBAJ }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Velcheru Narayana Rao |author2=Sanjay Subrahmanyam |chapter=Notes on Political Thought in Medieval and Early Modern South India |editor1=Richard M. Eaton |editor2=Munis D. Faruqui |editor3=David Gilmartin |editor4=Sunil Kumar |title=Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards |year=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=176–182 |isbn=9781107034280 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0_xhdCScQkC }}</ref>
* ''Andhra-bhasha-bhushanamu'' ("Ornament of the Andhra Language") is a work on grammar. This was likely the earliest [[Telugu grammar]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Andrew Ollett |title=Language of the Snakes: Prakrit, Sanskrit, and the Language Order of Premodern India |year=2017 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520968813 |page=165 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFn0DwAAQBAJ }}</ref> ''Andhra-shabda-chintamani'', purported to be an earlier work attributed to [[Nannaya]], is a fictitious work, and the sutras attributed to Nannaya in this work are likely from a later period, with their final version dating to the 17th century.<ref name="VNR_DS">{{cite book |editor1=Velcheru Narayana Rao |editor1-link=Narayana Rao (author) |editor2=David Shulman |editor2-link=David Dean Shulman |title=Classical Telugu Poetry: An Anthology |year=2002 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520344525 |pages=14, 230–238 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFXVDwAAQBAJ }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* ''[[commons:File:Andhra-Bhashabhushanamu.pdf|Andhra-bhasha-bhushanamu]]'' in Telugu script

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Telugu poets]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sanskrit–Telugu translators]]

National Highway 930D (India)

2025-02-27T17:10:45Z

Sergqpm: minor changes

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 930D
| image =
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|zoom=9|frame-lat=19.77|frame-long=79.34|frame-align=center|type=line|id=Q55641217|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 930D}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = Map of the National Highway in red
| length_km = 63
| direction_a = North
| direction_b = South
| terminus_a = [[Chandrapur]]
| terminus_b = Lakkdkot
| junction =
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 930
| next_route = 930
| states = [[Maharashtra]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 930D''', commonly referred to as '''NH 930D''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/173465.pdf|title=New highways notification dated January, 2017|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 930 (India)|National Highway 930]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> NH-930D traverses the state of [[Maharashtra]] in India.<ref name=":0" />

== Route ==
[[Chandrapur]], Visapur, Ballarpur, Bamni, Rajura, Warur Road, Dewada, Lakkdkot and terminating at Maharashtra / Telangana Border.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

: {{jct|NH|930|country=IND}} Terminal near Chandrapur.<ref name=":1" />
: {{jct|NH|353B|country=IND}} near Bamni.

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/6852872 NH 930D on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH30 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Maharashtra]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Visakhapatnam–Kirandul Passenger

2024-12-25T00:04:59Z

Sergqpm: Put Up A Post W/ Infobox.

{{short description|Passenger train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Visakhapatnam–Kirandul Express
| image= Kirandul express.jpg
| caption = Kirandul Express in Araku valley.
| type = Passenger
| locale = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1968|04|30}}
| last =
| operator = [[East Coast Railway]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam}} (VSKP)
| stops = 13
| end = {{stnlnk|Kirandul}} (KRDL)
| distance = {{convert|469|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 13 hours 55 minutes (up) and 14 hours 30 minutes (down)
| frequency = Daily
| class =
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering =
| observation = Standard [[Indian Railways]] coaches
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities=
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 18551 / 18552
| speed = {{convert|33|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (up), {{convert|32|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (down) including halts
| map = [[File:(Visakhapatnam - Kirandul) Passenger train route map.png|300px|(Visakhapatnam–Kirandul) Passenger train route map]]
| map_state =
}}
The '''''Visakhapatnam–Kirandul Express''''' is a [[Express trains in India|Express train]] belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam}} and {{stnlnk|Kirandul}} as a daily service. It is maintained by the [[East Coast Railway zone]].

==Coaches==
This train consists of one Sleeper Class, one AC 2 Tier Class, one chair car, six General Unreserved and two guard cum luggage vans. Total composition is 11 coaches.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://indiarailinfo.com/train/visakhapatnam-kirandul-passenger-58501-vskp-to-krdl/2135 |title=onward journey train details}}</ref>

==Service==
The Visakhapatnam–Kirandul Express covers the distance of {{convert|469|km}} in 13 hours 55 minutes on its journey towards Kirandul and in 14 hours 30 minutes on its journey towards Visakhapatnam. 18551/18552 Visakhapatnam–Kirandul Express averaging {{convert|33|km/h}} on journey towards Kirandul and averaging {{convert|32|km/h}} on journey towards Visakhapatnam.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://indiarailinfo.com/train/kirandul-visakhapatnam-passenger-18552-krdl-to-vskp/4150/2021/401 |title= downward journey train details}}</ref>

==Traction==
It is hauled by [[Indian locomotive class WAG-7|WAG-7]] electric loco from Visakhapatnam to Kirandul.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Visakhapatnam-Kirandul Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1968]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Transport in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Trains with Vistadome coaches in India]]