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Ravindra Singh Bhati

2026-05-08T07:47:20Z

Sergdxx: started bio...

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ravindra Singh Bhati
| image = Ravsa Wiki.jpg
| caption = Bhati in 2024
| nickname = Rav Sa
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Ravindra Bhati, 26-yr-old Rajput rebel raising a 'desert storm' in Rajasthan's Barmer |url=https://theprint.in/elections/who-is-ravindra-bhati-26-yr-old-rajput-rebel-raising-a-desert-storm-in-rajasthans-barmer/2052009/|quote=Fondly known as 'Ravsa' to his peers, Ravindra Bhati kicked off his political innings in 2019, when he won the president's post in the students' union election at Jodhpur's Jai Narain Vyas University.|access-date=2024-04-23 |website=Theprint.in|date=23 April 2024 }}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|12|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Doodhora]], [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| office = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sheo Assembly constituency|Sheo]]
| predecessor = [[Ameen Khan]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| office1 = President of [[Jai Narain Vyas University|Jai Narain Vyas University Student Union]]
| term_start1 = 2019
| term_end1 = 2022
| studentwing1 =
| successor1 =
| 1namedata =
| 2blankname =
| 2namedata =
| 1blankname1 =
| 1namedata1 =
| occupation = Politician
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| other_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] 
{{small|(October 2023 to November 2023)}}
| spouse = Dhanistha Kanwar
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Jai Narain Vyas University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]), ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
}}

'''Ravindra Singh Bhati''' (born 3 December 1997<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-02 |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-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 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=ECI}}</ref>) is an Indian politician serving as a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Sheo Assembly constituency]] since 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly polls: Independent Ravindra Singh Bhati wins from Sheo constituency |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/rajasthan/rajasthan-assembly-election-result-2023-two-independents-ahead-of-bjp-congress-in-sheo-constituency/na20231203154831382382288 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=3 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He was the [[Students' union|President]] of [[Jai Narain Vyas University|Jai Narain Vyas University Student Union]] from 2019 to 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=Ex-JNVU prez Bhati takes on seasoned politicians in Sheo |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/ex-jnvu-prez-bhati-takes-on-seasoned-politicians-in-sheo/articleshow/104541281.cms |access-date=2023-12-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Early life and education ==
Bhati was born on 3 December 1997 in a [[Rajput]] family of [[Doodhora]] village in [[Barmer district]], Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ravindra Singh Bhati: An Independent Candidate Who Defeated 4 Powerful Leaders On 1 Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ravindra-singh-bhati-an-independent-candidate-who-defeated-4-powerful-leaders-on-1-seat-in-rajasthan-assembly-elections-4632887 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> His father, Shaitan Singh Bhati, is a school teacher and his mother, Ashok Kanwar, is a homemaker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/eyJpdiI6ImtVU2h5SjBSd0twZTJUdEhubUd2RWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSWdhQ1pxZmlYdjJ2Q0NKNmxlQkkxQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZDU4YjgyYTg0Nzk3YThjNTFiZDg5NzU5YTAxY2U0M2EwN2I5NDVmMDlkNWZhMDBmZTk3YzNjYmNlYjdlOTFlZSJ9/NDM=/MjI=/Mw==/QUM= |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in}}</ref> He completed his [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) and [[Bachelor of Laws]] (LLB) from Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ravindra Singh Bhati(Independent(IND)):Constituency- BARMER(RAJASTHAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1774 |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
*Doctorate (Honorary)
On February 14, 2025, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree by [[Desh Bhagat University|Desh Bhagat University (DBU)]] in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite news |title=रविंद्र भाटी नहीं अब डॉ. रविंद्र भाटी कहिए! पंजाब में शिव विधायक को मिला बड़ा सम्मान, मिली डॉक्टरेट की उपाधि |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/ravindra-singh-bhati-standard-doctorate-degree-desh-bhagat-university-punjab-gave-degree-7712505#:~:text=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%20%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89,is%20From%20Feb%2014%2C%202025}}</ref>

==Political career==
===Student politics===
Bhati initiated his political journey through student politics at [[Jai Narain Vyas University|JNVU]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-2024-independent-candidate-makes-waves-in-the-desert-seat-of-barmer-jaisalmer/article68098726.ece|title=Lok Sabha 2024: Independent candidate makes waves in the desert seat of Barmer-Jaisalmer|work=The Hindu|date=23 April 2024|author=Ishita Mishra|accessdate=26 April 2024}}</ref> Following [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad|ABVP]]'s refusal of ticket, he contested independently, securing victory as the inaugural independent student union president in JNVU's 57-year history. During his tenure, he prioritized numerous student concerns, including addressing fee issues amid the challenging [[COVID-19 pandemic]], he had been jailed multiple times for that.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ravindra Singh Bhati: An Independent Candidate Who Defeated 4 Powerful Leaders On 1 Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ravindra-singh-bhati-an-independent-candidate-who-defeated-4-powerful-leaders-on-1-seat-in-rajasthan-assembly-elections-4632887 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

===Mainstream Indian politics===
Subsequently, recognized for his popularity, he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] under [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Rajasthan|BJP Rajasthan]]'s top leadership.<ref name="bjp">{{Cite web |title=BJP rebel, 26-year-old Ravindra Singh Bhati, leads in Rajasthan's Sheo seat |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/rajasthan-assembly-polls-2023/story/rajasthan-election-results-ravindra-singh-bhati-independent-sheo-assembly-seat-2471151-2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=India Today |language=en |date=3 December 2023 |first=Poorva |last=Joshi}}</ref> However, he was denied ticket from the [[Sheo Assembly constituency|Sheo]] constituency, he contested independently and won, marking the first independent win in his constituency's history.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-05 |title=From Sheo emerges a leader to look out for |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/from-sheo-emerges-a-leader-to-look-out-for/articleshow/105740902.cms |access-date=2023-12-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He attained the distinction of becoming the youngest MLA in the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]s on his 26th birthday on 3 December 2023, alongside [[Anshuman Singh Bhati]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/elections/politician/ravindra-singh-bhati-263|title=रवीन्द्र सिंह भाटी
|date=2023|work=navbharattimes}}</ref>

In the [[2024 Indian general elections]] he was defeated by INC's [[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]] from Barmer Lok Sabha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barmer LS Election Results Live: बाड़मेर में कांग्रेस जीती, भाटी दूसरे और केंद्रीय मंत्री चौधरी तीसरे नंबर पर |url=https://www.amarujala.com/live/rajasthan/barmer-lok-sabha-election-results-live-vote-counting-aam-chunav-2024-bjp-vs-congress-winning-seats-rajasthan-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

In December 2025, he warned that the proposed 100-metre mining norm could severely impact the Aravalli region.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Sheo MLA Ravindra Singh Bhati warns new 100 metre norm rings death knell for 90% of Aravalli
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/sheo-mla-ravindra-singh-bhati-warns-new-100-metre-norm-rings-death-knell-for-90-of-aravali-ytvd-2840099-2025-12-22
|publisher=India Today
|date=22 December 2025
|access-date=12 February 2026
}}</ref>

==Electoral record==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align: center;"
!Year
!Office
!Constituency
!Party
!Votes (Ravindra Singh Bhati)
!%
!Opponent
!colspan=2|Opponent Party
!Votes
!%
!Result
!Ref
|-
|[[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
|[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
|[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]
|IND
|586,500
|34.74
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|21px]]
|704,676
|41.74
|{{Lost}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barmer Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/rajasthan/barmer |website=The Times of India |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=बाड़मेर लोकसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2024 |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024/rajasthan/barmer-constituency-result-20517 |website=Aaj Tak |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|[[Sheo Assembly constituency|Sheo]]
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|79,495
|31.44
|Fateh Khan
|IND
|
|75,545
|29.87
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheo Assembly Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/sheo |website=The Times of India |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=शिवपुरी विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2023 |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/rajasthan/sheo-assembly-result-20134 |website=Aaj Tak |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhati, Ravindra Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Barmer district]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]

K. Mohan (politician)

2026-05-07T05:13:53Z

Sergdxx: Added New Info V1!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{about|the Indian politician|the Indian film producer and art director|K. Mohan}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. Mohan
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 6 May 2026
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Panruti Assembly constituency|Panruti]]
| predecessor = [[T. Velmurugan]]
| successor =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| father = V. Kaliyavaranthan<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=1209|title=Mohan. K(AIADMK):Constituency- PANRUTI(CUDDALORE) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|website=myneta.info}}</ref>
| occupation = Businessman, politician<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''K. Mohan''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the 17th Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Panruti Assembly constituency|Panruti]] as an [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] candidate in [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2026 |title=Assembly Constituency 154 - Panruti (Tamil Nadu) |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S22154.htm |access-date=7 May 2026 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2026 |title=Panruti Assembly Election Results 2026: Candidates List, Winner, Party, Votes, Schedule, Latest News |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-election/panruti-constituency/ |access-date=7 May 2026 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Elections contested ==
{{transcluded section|source=Panruti Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Panruti Assembly constituency|2026}}}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, K.}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2026–2031]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}
{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

12th Kerala Assembly

2026-05-06T09:12:42Z

Sergdxx: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox Legislature
| name = Kerala State Legislative Assembly
| native_name = കേരള നിയമസഭ
| transcription_name = Niyamasabha
| legislature = 12th Assembly
| foundation = 
| disbanded = 
| preceded_by = [[11th Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| succeeded_by = [[13th Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa_alt =
| house_type = Unicameral
| body =
| houses =
| leader1_type = Speaker of the Assembly
| leader1 = K. Radhakrishnan
| party1 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| election1 = [[Kerala state assembly election, 2006|2006]]
| leader2_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| leader2 = [[V. S. Achuthanandan]]
| party2 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| election2 = [[Kerala state assembly election, 2006|2006]]
| leader3_type = [[Opposition (parliamentary)|Leader of Opposition]]
| leader3 = [[Oommen Chandy]]
| party3 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| election3 = [[Kerala state assembly election, 2006|2006]]
| leader4_type =
| leader4 =
| party4 =
| election4 =
| leader5_type =
| leader5 =
| party5 =
| election5 =
| leader6_type =
| leader6 =
| party6 =
| election6 =
| members = 140 (139 elected and 1 nominated)
| house1 =
| house2 =
| structure1 =
| structure1_res =
| structure1_alt =
| structure2 =
| structure2_res =
| structure2_alt =
| political_groups1 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| political_groups2 =
| committees1 =
| committees2 =
| joint_committees =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]]
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 = [[Kerala state assembly election, 2006|2006]]
| last_election2 =
| previous_election1 =
| previous_election2 =
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = Niyamasabha Mandiram, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| website = http://www.niyamasabha.org/
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Kerala Legislative Assembly''' ([[Malayalam|ml]]:കേരള നിയമസഭ) more popularly known as '''Niyamasabha''' (meaning- ''hall of laws'' in Malayalam), is the law making body of [[Kerala]], one of the 28 States in [[India]]. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives and one nominated member from the [[Anglo-Indian]] community. Each elected member represents one of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala and is referred to as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]].

==See also==
* [[Kerala State legislative assembly election, 2011]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf Legislators up to 2006]

==External links==
* [http://www.keralaassembly.org/ Kerala Assembly, Website]
*[http://www.keralaassembly.org Election Database]

{{Legislatures of India}}
{{Government of Kerala}}

[[Category:Terms of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2006–2011| ]]

[[ml:കേരള നിയമസഭ]]

Sandip Ghosh

2026-05-05T20:29:15Z

Sergdxx: added the page from scratch...

{{Short description|Indian doctor and former principal}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sandip Kumar Ghosh
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Noton<ref>{{cite web |title=সবার প্রিয় মেধাবী 'নোটন'! |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/rg-kar-hospital-case-teachers-and-students-of-dr-sandip-ghoshs-schools-cannot-believe-that-he-got-involved-in-the-case/ |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910093231/https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/rg-kar-hospital-case-teachers-and-students-of-dr-sandip-ghoshs-schools-cannot-believe-that-he-got-involved-in-the-case/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Bangaon]], [[North 24 Parganas district]], West Bengal, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Alu<ref>{{cite web |title=কারও সঙ্গে বিশেষ বনিবনা ছিল না সন্দীপের, বিশেষ নামে ডাকা হত |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/classmates-of-sandip-ghosh-were-disgusted-with-him-dgtl/cid/1547100}}</ref>
| alma_mater = [[Bongaon High School]] [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital]] [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]]
| occupation = [[Surgeon|Doctor]], former principal of R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital
| years_active =
| known_for = [[2024 Kolkata rape and murder incident|R. G. Kar Hospital rape and murder case]]
| political_party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| notable_works =
| criminal_charges = 1. Financial irregularities and fraud<ref>{{cite web |title=Sleepless night, veg meal: RG Kar ex-principal's 'restless' stay in CBI custody |date=4 September 2024 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-sandip-ghosh-cbi-custody-rg-kar-hospital-principal-kolkata-2593667-2024-09-04}}</ref>
 2. Destruction of evidence in Kolkata rape-murder case<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cbi-arrests-ex-principal-sandip-ghosh-and-a-policeman-in-kolkata-rape-murder-case/articleshow/113354573.cms |title=Kolkata rape-murder case: Ex-principal Sandip Ghosh, policeman arrested for destruction of evidence |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
}}

'''Sandip Kumar Ghosh''' is an Indian doctor and former principal of [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital]].

==Early life==
Ghosh is from [[Bangaon]], [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]], in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='কৃতী ছাত্র' সন্দীপ ঘোষের পরিণতিতে হতবাক বনগাঁ হাইস্কুলের শিক্ষকরা |url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/kolkata/cid/12/detail-news/id/572518 |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=bartamanpatrika.com |language=en |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910093217/https://bartamanpatrika.com/kolkata/cid/12/detail-news/id/572518 |url-status=live }}</ref> He passed the [[Madhyamik Pariksha|Madhyamik]] examination in 1987 at [[Asansol Ramakrishna Mission High School]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bangla |first=TV9 |date=21 August 2024 |title=Sandip Ghosh: কতটা শিক্ষিত সন্দীপ? |url=https://tv9bangla.com/kolkata/how-educated-is-the-ex-principal-of-rg-kar-medical-college-sandeep-ghosh-1111231.html |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=TV9 Bangla |language=bn |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910093151/https://tv9bangla.com/kolkata/how-educated-is-the-ex-principal-of-rg-kar-medical-college-sandeep-ghosh-1111231.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=সন্দীপকে নিয়ে কথা বলতে নারাজ আসানসোলের মামাবাড়ির সকলেই |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/asansol-news/rg-kar-former-principal-sandip-ghosh-asansol-maternal-uncle-house-is-reluctant-to-talk-about-him/articleshow/113039987.cms |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=Eisamay |language=bn}}</ref> and completed his higher secondary education at [[Bongaon High School]] in 1989. Subsequently, he enrolled in [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital|R. G. Kar Medical College]] and earned his [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] degree in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Adity |date=20 August 2024 |title=RG Kar Doctor rape-murder: Who is Dr Sandeep Ghosh? Former colleagues make host of allegations |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/news/health/doctors/rg-kar-doctor-rape-murder-who-is-dr-sandeep-ghosh-former-colleagues-make-host-of-allegations-133466 |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=medicaldialogues.in |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904061343/https://medicaldialogues.in/news/health/doctors/rg-kar-doctor-rape-murder-who-is-dr-sandeep-ghosh-former-colleagues-make-host-of-allegations-133466 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ghosh worked as an [[orthopaedics]] professor and surgeon at [[Calcutta National Medical College]], and later became the vice-principal of the college. In 2021, he was appointed as the principal of R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital.<ref name=":0" /> He is also associated with the present ruling party of West Bengal, [[All India Trinamool Congress]].

==Controversies==

Ghosh's tenure as the principal of R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital was marked by controversy, highlighting a number of professional irregularities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2024 |title=Kolkata Rape-Murder Case: Who is Dr Sandip Ghosh? His rise to prominence and past controversies |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kolkata-rape-murder-case-who-is-dr-sandip-ghosh-his-rise-to-prominence-and-past-controversies/articleshow/112645970.cms?from=mdr |access-date=4 September 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910093313/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kolkata-rape-murder-case-who-is-dr-sandip-ghosh-his-rise-to-prominence-and-past-controversies/articleshow/112645970.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Sandip Ghosh, ex-principal of RG Kar Hospital, arrested by CBI, students stage fresh protest for justice |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sandip-ghosh-former-principal-of-rg-kar-hospital-arrested-by-cbi-in-kolkata-doctor-rape-murder-case-investigation-bjp-tmc-latest-updates-2024-09-02-950052 |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910093242/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sandip-ghosh-former-principal-of-rg-kar-hospital-arrested-by-cbi-in-kolkata-doctor-rape-murder-case-investigation-bjp-tmc-latest-updates-2024-09-02-950052 |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2023, repeated allegations of corruption were raised against Ghosh. He was transferred to [[Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital|Murshidabad Medical College]] in [[Berhampore]] due to serious accusations of manipulation of tenders, misconduct, ethical violations, and financial mishaps.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2024 |title='Running mafia-like operation': Big allegations by Dr Sandip Ghosh's ex-colleagues |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dr-sandip-ghosh-rg-kar-kolkata-doctor-rape-muder-protests-2584282-2024-08-18 |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=জন্ম বনগাঁয়, পড়াশোনা আরজি করেই, প্রাক্তন অধ্যক্ষ সন্দীপের বিরুদ্ধে রয়েছে আর্থিক অনিয়মের অভিযোগও |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/photogallery/all-needs-to-know-about-former-principal-of-rg-kar-medical-college-and-hospital-sandip-ghosh-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1540025 |access-date=4 September 2024}}</ref> Ghosh was reinstated as the principal of R. G. Kar Medical College.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kolkata rape-murder: Who is Sandip Ghosh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kolkata-rape-murder-who-is-sandip-ghosh-ex-principal-of-rg-kar-college-who-is-under-cbis-scanner-101723949198159.html |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910093729/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kolkata-rape-murder-who-is-sandip-ghosh-ex-principal-of-rg-kar-college-who-is-under-cbis-scanner-101723949198159.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Complaints were filed against him to the West Bengal State Vigilance Commission, on grounds of [[nepotism]], demanding bribes and awarding out-of-turn contracts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2024 |title=CBI gets 8-day remand of RG Kar ex-principal Sandeep Ghosh, 3 others in corruption case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/former-r-g-kar-principal-sandip-ghosh-three-others-sent-to-8-day-cbi-custody-9548164/ |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904022910/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/former-r-g-kar-principal-sandip-ghosh-three-others-sent-to-8-day-cbi-custody-9548164/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In early 2021, [[The Comptroller and Auditor General]] (CAG) had identified financial irregularities during his tenure at R. G. Kar Medical College.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2 September 2024 |title=Who is Sandip Ghosh, the arrested ex-principal of RG Kar Medical College? Here's a look at his educational qualification and career trajectory |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/who-is-sandip-ghosh-ex-principal-of-rg-kar-mch-heres-a-look-at-his-educational-qualification-and-career-trajectory/articleshow/112630230.cms |access-date=4 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904113210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/who-is-sandip-ghosh-ex-principal-of-rg-kar-mch-heres-a-look-at-his-educational-qualification-and-career-trajectory/articleshow/112630230.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the [[2024 Kolkata rape and murder incident]], the rape and murder of a postgraduate trainee doctor inside the hospital premises impacted a significant agitation against Ghosh. He was transferred to [[Calcutta National Medical College]] as principal but could not join due to large-scale mass protests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Kolkata Doctor's Rape-Murder Case Went To CBI: Court's Tough Remarks |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kolkata-doctor-rape-murder-rg-kar-medical-college-why-kolkata-doctors-rape-murder-case-went-to-cbi-courts-tough-remarks-6333533 |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=14 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814053721/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/kolkata-doctor-rape-murder-rg-kar-medical-college-why-kolkata-doctors-rape-murder-case-went-to-cbi-courts-tough-remarks-6333533 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stopped transfer twice, colleagues call him 'mafia': Who is Dr Sandip Ghosh, ex-principal of Kolkata's RG Kar hospital? |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-who-is-sandip-ghosh-former-principal-of-kolkata-s-rg-kar-medical-college-currently-under-cbi-radar-3102940 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Ghosh resigned from the post on 12 August. On 13 August, the [[Calcutta High Court]] intervened and directed Ghosh to take immediate leave. Starting on 25 August, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] and the [[Enforcement Directorate]] conducted raids and searches at multiple locations related to Ghosh and his family.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Kinsuk |date=13 September 2024 |title=ED searches former RG Kar principal Sandip Ghosh ancestral house |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/enforcement-directorate-searches-former-rg-kar-principal-sandip-ghoshs-ancestral-house/cid/2047643 |access-date=16 September 2024 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online {{!}} |first=E. T. |date=2024-08-25 |title=Kolkata horror: CBI raids residence of RG Kar ex-principal Sandip Ghosh in corruption probe |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kolkata-horror-cbi-raids-residence-of-rg-kar-ex-principal-sandip-ghosh-in-corruption-probe/videoshow/112776942.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> On 28 August, the [[Indian Medical Association]] suspended his membership.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2024 |title=Ex-RG Kar principal Sandip Ghosh's membership revoked by medical body |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kolkata-rape-murder-sandip-ghosh-indian-medical-association-suspends-membership-rg-kar-2589496-2024-08-28 |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=28 August 2024 |title=Kolkata rape: IMA suspends former RG Kar Hospital principal Sandip Ghosh's membership |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-medical-association-suspends-membership-of-former-rg-kar-hospital-principal-sandip-ghosh/article68577085.ece |access-date=4 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910093818/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-medical-association-suspends-membership-of-former-rg-kar-hospital-principal-sandip-ghosh/article68577085.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Ghosh was given two [[Polygraph|polygraph tests]] over an alleged cover-up of the rape and allegations of financial fraud and irregularities at the college and hospital. On 2 September, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] arrested him along with three others over financial irregularities and fraud during his tenure as the principal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Kolkata Doctor Rape-Murder Live Updates: In special Assembly session, Bengal govt to table new anti-rape Bill today; BJP to oppose |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kolkata-doctor-rape-murder-live-updates-tmc-bjp-bengal-assembly-9545703/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903014242/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kolkata-doctor-rape-murder-live-updates-tmc-bjp-bengal-assembly-9545703/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex Principal Of Kolkata Hospital Where Doctor Was Raped-Murdered Arrested |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ex-principal-of-kolkata-hospital-where-doctor-was-raped-murdered-arrested-6475279 |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=3 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903022839/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ex-principal-of-kolkata-hospital-where-doctor-was-raped-murdered-arrested-6475279 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Moyurie Som & Shrabana |date=20 August 2024 |title=Volley of accusations against R.G. Kar ex-principal in rape and murder |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/volley-of-accusations-against-rg-kar-ex-principal-in-rape-and-murder/article68543282.ece |access-date=4 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904061201/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/volley-of-accusations-against-rg-kar-ex-principal-in-rape-and-murder/article68543282.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Subsequently, the [[Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (West Bengal)|West Bengal Health Department]] suspended Ghosh on 3 September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2024 |title=West Bengal Health Department suspends Sandip Ghosh amid 8-day CBI custody over 'financial irregularities' |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-health-department-suspends-sandip-ghosh-amid-8-day-cbi-custody-over-financial-irregularities-444310-2024-09-03 |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=Business Today |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904055705/https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-health-department-suspends-sandip-ghosh-amid-8-day-cbi-custody-over-financial-irregularities-444310-2024-09-03 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Health department suspends former RG Kar Medical College principal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/health-department-suspends-former-rg-kar-medical-college-principal-sandip-ghosh/cid/2045615 |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904055934/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/health-department-suspends-former-rg-kar-medical-college-principal-sandip-ghosh/cid/2045615 |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 15, 2024, he was charged again by the CBI along with the station house officer(SHO) of the Tala Police Station Abhijit Mondal for [[Tampering with evidence|destruction of evidence]] in the [[2024 Kolkata rape and murder|2024 Kolkata rape and murder incident]]. Mondal was accused of delaying in filing the [[First information report|FIR]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kolkata-rape-murder-why-cbi-arrested-ex-rg-kar-principal-sandip-ghosh-again-101726362744726.html|title=Kolkata rape-murder: Why CBI arrested ex-RG Kar principal Sandip Ghosh again|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref> His registration to practice was temporarily cancelled<ref name="CT01">{{cite news |last1=Telegraph |first1=The |title=State medical council cancels registration of former RG Kar Medical College principal Sandip Ghosh |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/state-medical-council-cancels-registration-of-former-rg-kar-medical-college-principal-sandip-ghosh/cid/2049128 |access-date=20 September 2024 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=20 September 2024}}</ref> on 19 September 2024 by West Bengal Medical Council due to his failure to respond to an [[order to show cause]] issued by the Council about his alleged misconduct and bringing the profession to disrepute.<ref name="NH">{{cite web |last1=Herald |first1=National |title=R.G. Kar hospital ex-principal Sandip Ghosh's medical registration cancelled |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/rg-kar-hospital-ex-principal-sandip-ghoshs-medical-registration-cancelled-kolkata-police-suspends-abhijit-mondal |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=National Herald |date=19 September 2024 |publisher=IANS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-20 |title=RG Kar ex-principal Sandip Ghosh no longer a doctor: What is next for this orthopaedic surgeon? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/wbmc-cancels-registration-rg-kar-medical-college-ex-principal-sandip-ghosh-no-longer-a-doctor/articleshow/113502801.cms |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> On 13 December 2024, he was granted bail by the Sealdah Court in [[Kolkata]] along with Mondal for [[Tampering with evidence|destruction of evidence]] in the [[2024 Kolkata rape and murder|2024 Kolkata rape and murder incident]] as the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] failed to file a chargesheet against Ghosh and Mondal within 90 days. Mondal was granted bail, however, Ghosh ended up serving time because of financial irregularities during his tenure as the principal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2024 |title=RG Kar Ex-Principal Sandip Ghosh Gets Bail In Doctor's Rape-Murder Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rg-kar-ex-principal-sandip-ghosh-gets-bail-in-doctors-rape-murder-case-7240179 |access-date=14 January 2025|work=NDTV}}</ref> He moved the [[Calcutta High Court]] for postponing the framing of the charges against him in the financial irregularities case. The [[Calcutta High Court]] judge gave him one week of time to go through the documents for filing a discharge petition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-06 |title="Justice Hurried Is Justice Buried": High Court On RG Kar Corruption Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/justice-hurried-is-justice-buried-calcutta-high-court-on-rg-kar-sandip-ghosh-corruption-case-7648742 |access-date=2025-02-06 |work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-07 |title=RG Kar financial scam: Accused will get ample time to study CBI charge sheet, says Calcutta HC. |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/rg-kar-financial-scam-accused-will-get-ample-time-to-study-cbi-charge-sheet-says-calcutta-hc-943260 |access-date=2025-02-07 |work=The Hans India}}</ref> The 4 accused in the financial irregularities case have filed exemption petitions before the special court.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2025 |title=4 accused in RG Kar financial irregularities case file exemption petitions - Video |url=https://medicaldialogues.in/mdtv/healthshorts/4-accused-in-rg-kar-financial-irregularities-case-file-exemption-petitions-144940 |access-date=15 March 2025 |work=Medical Dialogues}}</ref> A special [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] court framed charges against Ghosh and 5 others in the financial irregularities case. The next hearing in the financial irregularities case is scheduled for 22 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2025 |title=Kolkata rape-murder: CBI court frames charges against RG Kar Medical College's ex-principal in financial irregularities case. |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/kolkata-rape-murder-charges-framed-against-rg-kar-medical-college-s-ex-principal-in-financial-irregularities-case-23584677 |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=Mid Day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2025 |title=Kolkata: Charges framed against five accused in RG Kar corruption case. |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Jul/14/kolkata-charges-framed-against-five-accused-in-rg-kar-corruption-case |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Sandip}}
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:People from North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian fraudsters]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian orthopaedic surgeons]]
[[Category:Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by India]]
[[Category:Scandals in India]]
[[Category:Corruption in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]
[[Category:Fraud in India]]
[[Category:Financial scandals]]
[[Category:Crime in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Corruption in India]]
[[Category:Medical scandals in India]]
[[Category:Finance fraud]]
[[Category:Rape in India]]
[[Category:Indian rapists]]
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]
[[Category:Medical scandals]]
[[Category:Bribery]]
[[Category:Medical malpractice]]
[[Category:Hospital scandals]]

Amit Sihag

2026-05-02T14:55:21Z

Sergdxx: new

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1981)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amit Sihag Chautala
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| office = Member of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| successor = [[Aditya Devilal]]
| predecessor = [[Naina Singh Chautala]]
| constituency = [[Dabwali Assembly constituency|Dabwali]]
}}
'''Amit Sihag Chautala''' (born 4 November 1981) is an Indian politician from [[Haryana]]. He was elected from [[Dabwali Assembly constituency]] in [[Sirsa district]] in the [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]], representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-24 |title=Dabwali Election Results 2019 Live Updates (डबवाली, Mandi Dabwali): Amit Sihag of Congress Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/dabwali-election-results-2019-live-updates-mandi-dabwali-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2359543.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He was nominated to contest from Dabwali in the [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024 election]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-10 |title=Haryana Assembly Election: Uncles Vs Nephew Contest In Dabwali |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/haryana-assembly-election-uncles-vs-nephew-contest-in-dabwali-digvijay-chautala-amit-sihag-aditya-chautala-enn24091001576 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> but lost by some 400 votes to [[Aditya Devilal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dabwali Constituency Election Results 2024: Dabwali Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-show/dabwali |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sihag is from [[Mandi Dabwali|Dabwali]], Sirsa district, Haryana. He is the son of Kamalveer Singh. He completed B.Tech. in 2004 at MM College, Maulana and L.L.B. in 2008 at Doon College, Dehradun which is affiliated with Chaudhry Charan Singh University, Meerut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Sihag(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- DABWALI(SIRSA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://www.myneta.info/haryana2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=8068 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sihag won from Dabwali Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 66,885 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Aditya Devi Lal of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 15,647 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dabwali Constituency Election Results 2019: Dabwali Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-show/dabwali |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Sihag lost the [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] to [[Indian National Lok Dal]] candidate [[Aditya Devilal]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sihag, Amit}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:People from Sirsa district]]

{{Haryana-INC-politician-stub}}

Sribhumi FC

2026-04-29T09:54:43Z

Sergdxx: added initial post w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian association football club based in Kolkata}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Sribhumi শ্রীভূমি
| fullname = Sribhumi Football Club
| nickname =
| image = Sreebhumi FC.svg
| upright = 1.2
| founded = {{Start date and age|2019}}
| league = {{ubl|'''M:''' [[Calcutta Football League|CFL Premier Division]]|'''W:''' [[Indian Women's League]] [[Kanyashree Cup|Calcutta Women's Football League]]}}
| season = [[2024–25 Indian Women's League|2024–25]]
| position = IWL, 3rd of 8
| current =
| owner = [[Sujit Bose (politician)|Sujit Bose]]
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Sujata Kar]]
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_b1 = _upper_white1
| pattern_ra1 =
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 = ED1B24
| body1 = ED1B24
| rightarm1 = ED1B24
| shorts1 = ED1B24
| socks1 = ED1B24
| pattern_la2 = _greenlower
| pattern_b2 = _greenhoops
| pattern_ra2 = _greenlower
| pattern_sh2 = _greensides
| pattern_so2 = _hoops_green_2
| leftarm2 = FFD700
| body2 = FFD700
| rightarm2 = FFD700
| shorts2 = FFD700
| socks2 = FFD700
| website =
}}

'''Sribhumi Football Club''' ({{langx|bn|শ্রীভূমি ফুটবল ক্লাব}}), also known as '''Sreebhumi''', is an Indian professional [[Association football|football]] section of '''Sribhumi Sporting Club.''' It is a residential club based in [[Chandannagar]], [[Hooghly district]], about 40km from [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Women's League 2020 to Start on January 24: Know the Teams Participating in Fourth Edition |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/indian-womens-league-2020-to-start-on-february-24-know-the-teams-confirmed-to-be-participating-2452511.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The club plays in the [[Calcutta Football League]]. Their women's team participated in [[Indian Women's League]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/iwl-2020-odisha-police-sreebhumi-fc-register-wins/|title=IWL 2020: Odisha Police and Sreebhumi FC register wins|date=2020-01-30|website=The Bridge|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-01|archive-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201140313/https://thebridge.in/iwl-2020-odisha-police-sreebhumi-fc-register-wins/|url-status=live}}</ref> and currently participates in the [[Kanyashree Cup|Calcutta Women's Football League]].

==History==
The club was founded in 2019, as part of the Sribhumi Sporting Club.<ref name="sb">{{cite news |title=Sribhumi FC: The new IWL challengers from the steady stable of Bengal football |url=https://i-league.org/sribhumi-fc-the-new-iwl-challengers-from-the-steady-stable-of-bengal-football/. |date=8 January 2025 |work=i-league.org |access-date=31 December 2025 }}</ref> The club participated in the 2019–20 season of the Indian Women's League, where they bowed out in the group stage finishing fourth with five points.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hurried Preparation, Huge Heart: Inside Sreebhumi FC's Indian Women's League 2019-20 Journey |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/hurried-preparation-huge-heart-inside-sreebhumi-fcs-indian-womens-league-2019-20-journey-2492933.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> For the 2020–2021, the club was invited into the final round after SSB Women's FC, failed to confirm their participation. Since there was no women's league in West Bengal, Sreebhumi was invited based on their previous season's performance.<ref name=":0" /> In 2023–2024, the Indian Women's League was expanded to two tiers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-18 |title=16 tournaments, 11,000 players: A hectic 2023-24 domestic season with class and character |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/16-tournaments-11000-players-a-hectic-2023-24-domestic-season-with-class-and-character |access-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618135956/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/16-tournaments-11000-players-a-hectic-2023-24-domestic-season-with-class-and-character |archive-date=18 June 2024 }}</ref> The club took part in Tier 2 and won the championship, and were promoted to Tier 1 again for the 2024–2025 season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Football: Sreebhumi FC, Nita Football Academy earn promotion to Indian Women's League |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1195526 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref> In the season opener in their away match at Chennai, they gave a tough fight to Sethu FC, before losing 0–1 on 12 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkatesan |first=S. Prasanna |date=2025-01-12 |title=IWL 2024-25: Sethu FC wins first-ever home game in Tamil Nadu, coach calls it a proud moment |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/sethu-fc-vs-sreebhumi-fc-coach-shareef-khan-proud-moment-home-win-indian-womens-league-news/article69091523.ece |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

Considered upstarts in the echelons of Bengal football, they have managed to remain competitive in the state and national tiers and have developed a women's football derby with their city rivals [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]].<ref name="sb"/>

==Women's team==
===Squad===
{{updated|December 2025|<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Women's League Squad |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/club/players/11625/11 |publisher=AIFF |access-date=8 January 2025 }}</ref>}}
{{fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Monalisha Devi Moirangthem]]}}
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Poonam Sharma}}
{{Fs player|no=3|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Arifa Zaheer]]}}
{{fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Thoibisana Chanu Toijam]]}}
{{fs player|no=5|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Barnali Karar}}
{{fs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Arina Devi Nameirakpam}}
{{fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Rimpa Haldar]]}}
{{Fs player|no=8|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Sanju Yadav]]}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=GHA|pos=FW|name=Veronica Appiah}}
{{fs player|no=10|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Bala Devi Ngangom]]}}
{{Fs player|no=12|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Afreen Peerbhoy}}
{{Fs player|no=13|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Grace Dangmei]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]}}
{{Fs player|no=15|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Mugli Saren}}
{{fs player|no=16|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam]]}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Karishma Shirvoikar]]}}
{{fs player|no=18|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Mousumi Murmu]]}}
{{Fs player|no=19|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Anju Chanu Kayenpaibam}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=20|nat=GHA|pos=DF|name=Felicia Daw Owusu}}
{{Fs player|no=21|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Khambi Chanu Sarangthem}}
{{Fs player|no=22|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Renu Gour]]}}
{{Fs player|no=23|nat=GHA|pos=FW|name=[[Philomena Abakah]]}}
{{fs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Barnali Mahata}}
{{Fs player|no=25|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Mamta Verma}}
{{Fs player|no=27|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[MK Kashmina]]}}
{{Fs player|no=28|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Sonda Mondal}}
{{Fs player|no=30|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sushmita Bardhan}}
{{fs player|no=34|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Gita Das}}
{{fs player|no=35|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Kabita Saren}}
{{fs player|no=37|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Kamala Devi Yumnam]]}}
{{Fs player|no=41|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Beauty Tudu}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Ratanbala Devi Nongmaithem]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Anju Tamang]]}}
{{fs end}}

==Personnel==
=== Technical staff ===
{{updated|December 2025}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sujata Kar]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} Itocha Singh Nongmeikapam
|-
| Goalkeeping coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ronibala Chanu Lourembam
|-
| Physio
| {{flagicon|IND}} Aloka Paswan
|-
| Team manager
| {{flagicon|IND}} Anindya Mondal
|-
| Photographer
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sushma Singh
|-
| Admin. Head
| {{flagicon|IND}} Priya Roy
|-
| Technical Director
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sukla Dutta
|}

==Seasons==
{|class=wikitable
|-
!rowspan=2|Season
!bgcolor=white rowspan=20|
!colspan=2|National level
!bgcolor=white rowspan=20|
!colspan=4|State level
|-
!League
!Place
!League
!Place
!Cup
!Place
|-
!{{nowrap|2019–20}}
|[[Indian Women's League|IWL]]
|Group stage
|rowspan=7 align=center|[[Kanyashree Cup|CWFL]]
|bgcolor=silver|'''Runners-up''' {{up}}
|colspan=2 rowspan=4 align=center|''No cup organised''
|-
!2020–21
|colspan=2 rowspan=3 align=center|''Not eligible''
|Semi-finals
|-
!2021–22
|Quarter-finals
|-
!2022–23
|bgcolor=silver|{{nowrap|'''Runners-up''' {{up}}}}
|-
!2023–24
|[[Indian Women's League 2|IWL 2]]
|bgcolor=gold align=center|'''1st''' {{up}}
|bgcolor=gold|'''Champions'''
|rowspan=3|[[Women's IFA Shield|IFA Shield]]
|bgcolor=silver|{{nowrap|'''Runners-up'''}}
|-
!2024–25
|rowspan=2|[[Indian Women's League|IWL]]
|bgcolor=#c96 align=center|'''3rd'''
|bgcolor=silver|'''Runners-up'''
|
|-
!2025–26
|
|
|
|}

==Honours==
===Domestic===
* '''[[Indian Women's League 2]]'''
** Champions (1): [[2023–24 Indian Women's League 2|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/16-tournaments-11000-players-a-hectic-2023-24-domestic-season-with-class-and-character|title=16 tournaments, 11,000 players: A hectic 2023–24 domestic season with class and character|date=18 June 2024|access-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618135956/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/16-tournaments-11000-players-a-hectic-2023-24-domestic-season-with-class-and-character|archive-date=18 June 2024|location=New Delhi|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|first1=AIFF|last1=Media Team}}</ref>

===Regional===
* '''[[Kanyashree Cup|Calcutta Women's Football League (Kanyashree Cup)]]'''
** Champions (1): [[2023–24 Calcutta Women's Football League|2023–24]]
** Runners-up (3): 2019, [[2022–23 Calcutta Women's Football League|2022–23]], [[2024–25 Calcutta Women's Football League|2024–25]]
* '''[[Women's IFA Shield]]'''
** Runners-up (1): [[2023 Women's IFA Shield|2023]]<ref name=wifashield2023>{{cite web|date=2 June 2023|url=https://thebridge.in/football/womens-ifa-shield-2023-final-live-east-bengal-vs-sreebhumi-updates-scores-results-blog-42247|title=Women's IFA Shield 2023: East Bengal become inaugural champions- Highlights|work=The Bridge|accessdate=2 June 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/club/11625 Sreebhumi Football Club] at AIFF
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221009123425/https://ifawb.org/clubs/ CFL clubs] at IFA (archived)

{{Football in West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal Sports}}

[[Category:Sribhumi FC]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League clubs]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League 2 clubs]]
[[Category:Women's football clubs in India]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 2019]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in West Bengal]]

Janak Singh (Bihar politician)

2026-04-22T14:44:23Z

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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Janak Singh
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1960|12|15}}<ref>{{cite web |title=MLA Date of Births |url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Bihar |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref>
| parents = Khedaran Singh
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| profession = Social Work, Agriculture, Dairy & Other
| predecessor = [[Mudrika Prasad Rai]]
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Taraiya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Taraiya]]
| term_start = November 2020
}}

'''Janak Singh''' is an Indian politician, currently a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party]] and [[Member Of Legislative Assembly]] from [[Taraiya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janak Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- TARAIYA(SARAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=11567 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=जनक सिंह, Bharatiya Janata Party प्रत्याशी {{!}} Janak Singh, Bharatiya Janata Party Candidate From Taraiya, Delhi Assembly Elections 2020, बिहार विधानसभा चुनाव २०२० |url=https://hindi.news18.com//assembly-election-2020/bihar-chunav/janak-singh-s04a116c01-bharatiya-janata-party-profile/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=News18 India |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BIHAR VIDHAN SABHA/Know your MLA |url=https://www.vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/Knowyourmla.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.vidhansabha.bih.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Taraiya Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Janak Singh of BJP Leading at Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/taraiya-election-result-2020-live-updates-taraiya-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061922.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taraiya Election Results 2020: निर्दलीयों की भीड़ में बीजेपी के जनक सिंह ने मारी बाजी, RJD के सिपाही हारे |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/taraiya-election-results-2020-bihar-chunav-vidhan-sabha-seat-counting-tejashwi-yadav-nitish-kumar-rjd-mla-mudrika-prasad-roy-lbs-1159292-2020-11-10 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Aaj Tak |date=10 November 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>

He was made the deputy Chief Secretary of BJP in Bihar. He has been involved with RSS and ABVP from early age.<ref>{{Cite web |title=janak-singh-the-mla-of-taraiya-became-the-deputy-chief-secretary-of-the-ruling-party |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/traya/news/janak-singh-the-mla-of-taraiya-became-the-deputy-chief-secretary-of-the-ruling-party-128157852.html}}</ref>

He inaugurated the health fair at Taraiya referral hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=सारण में लगे स्वास्थ्य मेले में सैंकड़ों मरीजों ने पंजीकरण कर उठाया लाभ |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/saran-hundreds-of-patients-registered-and-availed-benefits-at-the-health-fair-in-saran-22645464.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=the-country-will-be-strong-only-when-the-countrymen-are-healthy-and-safe |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/chhapra/news/the-country-will-be-strong-only-when-the-countrymen-are-healthy-and-safe-129693032.html}}</ref> Recently he was also involved in a minor controversy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saran: खुद को 'माननीय' बोलकर फंस गए बीजेपी विधायक, कांग्रेस ने साधा निशाना |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/janak-singh-nomination-for-taraiya-assembly-seat-bihar-assembly-elections-tstb-1142565-2020-10-09 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Aaj Tak |date=9 October 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Janak}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Lok Janshakti Party politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

{{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}

Nageshwar Prasad Sinha

2026-04-20T05:28:14Z

Sergdxx: creating new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nageshwar Prasad Sinha
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date |1908|12|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Giridih Lok Sabha constituency|Giridih]]
| term_start = 1952
| term_end = 1957
| predecessor =
| successor = Quazi S. A. Matin
| office1 =
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| spouse = Chandra Prabha Debi
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Nageshwar Prasad Sinha''' was an Indian politician. He was a [[member of parliament]], representing [[Giridih Lok Sabha constituency|Giridih]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] the [[lower house]] of [[Parliament of India|India's Parliament]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="s799">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha | title=Lok Sabha Debates | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. | issue=pt. 1, v. 3 | year=1956 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2TVAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA3717 | language= | access-date=23 November 2024 | page=3717}}</ref><ref name="w901">{{cite book | last=Malhotra | first=G.C. | author2=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha | title=Fifty Years of Indian Parliament | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat | year=2002 | isbn=978-81-200-0385-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4SNAAAAMAAJ | access-date=23 November 2024 | page=}}</ref><ref name="o924">{{cite web | title=Shri Nageshwar Prasad Sinha MP biodata Hazaribagh-East | website=ENTRANCE INDIA | date=28 December 2018 | url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/shri-nageshwar-prasad-sinha-member-of-parliament-mp-from-hazaribagh-east-bihar-biodata/ | access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="p888">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha | title=A Selection from Questions and Answers in Lok Sabha, First to Fifteenth Session (1952-1957) | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat | year=1957 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_8WAQAAIAAJ | access-date=2 February 2025 | page=141}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Nageshwar Prasad}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Badnawar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:42:00Z

Sergdxx: new

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Badnawar
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 202
| map_image = 202-Badnawar.svg
| mla = [[Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Rajvardhan Singh Dattigaon]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Dhar district|Dhar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhar Lok Sabha constituency|Dhar]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
}}

'''Badnawar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 assembly constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] a centre Indian state. [[Badnawar]] is also part of [[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/badnawar.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Badnawar Assembly Constituency]</ref><ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref><ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat|page=5|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=2017-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155640/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election!!Member!! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Manoharsingh Mehta
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |Govardhan Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jan Sangh|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Chiranjilal Alawa
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Govardhan Sharma
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Raghunath Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Ramesh Chandrasinh
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Prem Singh Daulat Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Ramesh Chandra Singh Rathore
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Khemraj Patidar
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajvardhan Singh Dattigaon]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="ceom">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha General Elections - 2008 (in Hindi)|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/OtherLinks/Election_Result_2008.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=1 April 2011}}</ref>
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="results2013">{{cite web |url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/2013.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh|access-date= November 25, 2020}}</ref>
|[[Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajvardhan Singh Dattigaon]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2020^<ref name="byelection2020">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12753-bye-elections-2020-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ |title=Bye Elections 2020 (Parliamentary and Assemblies) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="election2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
| [[Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

^ bypoll

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Badnawar<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat]]
|votes = {{formatnum:93733}}
|percentage = 49.79
|change = -0.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rajvardhan Singh Dattigaon]]
|votes = {{formatnum:90757}}
|percentage = 48.21
|change = +22.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1368}}
|percentage = 0.73
|change = -0.85
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2976}}
|percentage = 1.58
|change = -23.17
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:188245}}
|percentage = 85.45
|change = -0.66
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 bypoll ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Badnawar<ref name="elections2020_bypolls">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12753-bye-elections-2020-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ |title=Bye Elections 2020 (Parliamentary and Assemblies) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rajvardhan Singh Dattigaon]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:99137}}
|percentage = 57.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kamalsing Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:67004}}
|percentage = 39.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Omparakash Malviya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2295}}
|percentage = 1.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:2785}}
|percentage = 1.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:32133}}
|percentage = 18.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:171221}}
|percentage = 83.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Badnawar<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rajvardhan Singh Dattigaon]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:84499}}
|percentage = 50.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat]]
|votes = {{formatnum:42993}}
|percentage = 25.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rajesh Agrawal
|votes = {{formatnum:30976}}
|percentage = 18.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Vikram Solanki
|votes = {{formatnum:2605}}
|percentage = 1.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Samrath Kashyap Dharsikheda
|votes = {{formatnum:2099}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2656}}
|percentage = 1.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:41506}}
|percentage = 24.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:167645}}
|percentage = 86.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Badnawar]]
* [[Dhar district]]
* [[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}

{{coord|23.02|75.24|display=title}}

[[Category:Dhar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Sewda Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:40:24Z

Sergdxx: added basic entry basic info

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sewda
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 20
| map_image = 20-Sewda.svg
| mla = [[Pradeep Agrawal]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Datia district|Datia]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhind Lok Sabha constituency|Bhind]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Kunwar Ghansyam Singh
}}
'''Sewda Assembly constituency''' (formerly, '''Seondha''') is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=5 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 48 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile [[Vindhya Pradesh]] state.<ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_VP.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Vindhya Pradesh|page=5|publisher=Election Commission of India website}}</ref> It was reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Dalit|Scheduled castes]] till 2008.

==Overview==
Sewda (constituency number 20) is one of the 3 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Datia district]]. This constituency covers the entire Sewda [[tehsil]] of the district.<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref>

Sewda is part of [[Bhind (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhind Lok Sabha constituency]] along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely, [[Bhander Assembly constituency|Bhander]] and [[Datia Assembly constituency|Datia]] in this district and [[Bhind Assembly constituency|Bhind]], [[Ater Assembly constituency|Ater]], [[Lahar Assembly constituency|Lahar]], [[Mehgaon Assembly constituency|Mehgaon]] and [[Gohad Assembly constituency|Gohad]] in [[Bhind district]].<ref name="ceo"/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ [[Vindhya Pradesh]]
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<ref name=eci2/>
|Ram Das
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Laxmi Narayan Mahate
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Shiv Charan
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Tulsi Ram Dangi

|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Mangal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mahendra Boudh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Ram Dayal Prabhakar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|[[Mahendra Boudh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Ram Dayal Prabhakar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="ceom">{{cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha General Elections - 2008 (in Hindi) |url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/OtherLinks/Election_Result_2008.pdf |access-date=10 February 2011 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website}}</ref>
|Radhelal Baghel
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Pradeep Agrawal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|Kunwar Ghansyam Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Pradeep Agrawal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sewda<ref name="election2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-polls-2023/story/madhya-pradesh-election-bjp-second-candidate-list-shivraj-singh-chouhan-2440421-2023-09-25|title=3 Union ministers feature in BJP's second list for Madhya Pradesh polls|work=India Today|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Pradeep Agrawal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:43834}}
|percentage = 31.14
|change = +5.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kuwar Ghanshyam Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:41276}}
|percentage = 29.32
|change = -23.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Damodar Singh-Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:29042}}
|percentage = 20.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Lakhan Singh Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:12787}}
|percentage = 9.08
|change = -5.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Dubey Sanjay
|votes = {{formatnum:7746}}
|percentage = 5.5
|change = +3.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:293}}
|percentage = 0.21
|change = -1.22
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2558}}
|percentage = 1.82
|change = -25.24
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:140768}}
|percentage = 73.33
|change = +1.75
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sewda<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Kunwar Ghansyam Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:64810}}
|percentage = 52.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Radhelal Baghel
|votes = {{formatnum:31542}}
|percentage = 25.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Lakhan Singh Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:18006}}
|percentage = 14.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Parineeta Raje (Beti Raja)
|votes = {{formatnum:2472}}
|percentage = 2.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1753}}
|percentage = 1.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:33268}}
|percentage = 27.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:122954}}
|percentage = 71.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Seondha]]
* [[Ratangarh, Datia]]
* [[Datia district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|26.15|78.78|display=title}}

[[Category:Datia district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Surat West Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:22Z

Sergdxx: added the data needs work...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{incomplete list|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Surat West
| mla = [[Purnesh Modi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Surat district|Surat]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:256881}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 167
}}
'''Surat West''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Surat district|Surat]] district.

==List of segments==
This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Surat City Taluka (Part) – [[Surat Municipal Corporation]] (Part) Ward No.-14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 63, 64, 65.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Kishor Vankawala]]
| rowspan="5" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="5" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
| 2013
| rowspan="3" | [[Purnesh Modi]]<ref name=election2017/>
|-
| [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly election, 2022]]: Surat West}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Purnesh Modi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,22,981
|percentage = 75.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sanjay Rameshchandra Patwa
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 18,669
|percentage = 11.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Moxesh Rameshchandra Sanghavi
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 16,955
|percentage = 10.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,441
|percentage = 1.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,04,312
|percentage = 64.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:2,53,691}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Surat West<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Purnesh Modi]]
|votes = 1,11,615
|percentage = 74.27
|change = +0.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Iqbal Patel
|votes = 33,733
|percentage = 22.45
|change = +0.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sonal Rochani
|votes = 461
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = AIHCP
|candidate = Nilpesh Patel
|votes = 458
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Ravishankar Paliwal
|votes = 451
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Data Hurbanu Mosalim
|votes = 419
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mohammad Salim Yusuf Selod
|votes = 270
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Prashant Lokare
|votes = 208
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Soeb Shah
|votes = 185
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sheikh Ali Haidar Jilani
|votes = 122
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Farjanabibi Shah
|votes = 117
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dilip Natvar Parekh
|votes = 92
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Bharatiya Bahujan Congress
|candidate = Sachin Barsing
|votes = 89
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Alimunbi Shah
|votes = 71
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 1,986
|percentage = 1.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 77,882
|percentage = 51.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,50,277
|percentage = 67.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013 by-elections===
Due to death of sitting MLA [[Kishor Vankawala]], by-elections were held on 4 December 2013 and results declared on 8 December.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/suratwest-seat-bjp-s-purnesh-modi-to-slug/ | title=Surat-West seat: BJP's Purnesh Modi to slug it out with Cong's D L Patel | publisher=Indian Express | date=16 November 2013 | accessdate=11 April 2023}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election#2013|2013 by-elections]]: Surat West}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Purnesh Modi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = D L Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Surat West}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=29 October 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kishor Vankawala]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 99,099
|percentage = 74.26
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ushaben Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 29,368
|percentage = 22.01
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 69,731
|percentage = 52.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,33,445
|percentage = 67.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|21.13|72.76|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Surat]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Surat district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Gujarat]]

Deep Grace Ekka

2026-04-13T03:19:18Z

Sergdxx: made initial post added tags

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 1994)}}
{{prose|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Deep Grace Ekka
| image = Deep Grace Ekka.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|6|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = Lulkidhi, [[Sundergarh district|Sundergarh]], [[Odisha]], India
| height = 1.58 m
| weight = 63 kg
| position = Defender
| currentclub = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[Hockey Odisha]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2025–
| clubs3 = [[Odisha Warriors]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 = 2011–2023
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 268
| nationalgoals1 = 24
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Field hockey at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Field hockey at the 2014 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2017 Gifu]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2013 Kuala Lumpur]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2022 Muscat]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2016 Singapore]]|}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2023 Ranchi]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2013 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2013 Kakamigahara]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Asian Women's Hockey Champions Trophy|2018 Donghae]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|FIH Nations Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|2022 Spain]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup|2013 Mönchengladbach]]|}}
}}
'''Deep Grace Ekka''' (born 3 June 1994) is an Indian former [[field hockey]] player,<ref>{{cite web |title=Four Odisha players part of Olympic-bound women's hockey squad |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Four-Odisha-players-part-of-Olympic-bound-womens-hockey-squad/articleshow/53177569.cms |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=12 July 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> who represented the [[India women's national field hockey team|India national field hockey team]]. She has been selected for Arjuna Award in 2022.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=Odisha's Deep Grace Ekka selected for Arjuna Award |url=https://sambadenglish.com/odishas-deep-grace-ekka-selected-for-arjuna-award/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life==
Deep Grace Ekka was born on 3 June 1994 in a small village called Lulkidhi in the [[Sundergarh district]] of Odisha. She is the daughter of Charles and Jayamani Ekka.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NjAx |title=PERSONALITIES |website=Orisports.com |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>

She started playing hockey in school and was coached by Tej Kumar Xess (2005–06). During a round of hockey selections at her school, she was selected to join the SAI-SAG centre of the [[Sports Authority of India]] in September 2007 and started playing at state level at the age of 13. She began to be coached by Lucela Ekka and Saroj Mohanty.<ref name=":1" /> At the age of 16, she played at the senior nationals in Sonepat.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/players-speak/watching-athletes-with-disabilities-drives-push-harder-deep-grace-ekka/|title=I secretly nursed the desire to be a goalkeeper | By Deep Grace Ekka|first=Deep Grace|last=Ekka|date=20 July 2018|website=Thebridge.in|access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref>

In 2011, she played at the National Games in Ranchi. She was also selected for the Junior National Camp and travelled to Bangkok for the Junior Asia Cup.<ref name=":0" />

She started as a defender, but her desire was to become a goalkeeper as her brother and she used to play sometimes but her uncle, who was her coach, did not allow her to pursue or practise as a goalkeeper, so having no choice she became a defender.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
* She has 150 international caps and has scored 3 international goals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hockeyindia.org/news/hockey-india-congratulates-deep-grace-ekka-on-completing-150-international-caps-for-india.html |title=Senior Women Core Probables |website=Hockeyindia.org |access-date=29 July 2016 |archive-date=4 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504211056/http://hockeyindia.org/news/hockey-india-congratulates-deep-grace-ekka-on-completing-150-international-caps-for-india.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===International===
* She doubles up drag flicker defending and winning performances at the 9th women Asia cup in Japan last year.
* Indian Hockey second match at Gold Coast 2018 against Malaysia in Commonwealth Games completed 150 international cabs.
* Made her international debut in the Four-Nation Tournament in Argentina in 2011 in which India won [[Bronze]] medal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Women Finish 3rd In Argentina 4-Nation Tournaments |url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/2012/jan2012.html |website=Bharatiyahockey.org |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
* Helped India win the bronze medal in the U-18 Girls` Asia Cup Hockey Championship at [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poonam to captain girls hockey team in U-18 Asia Cup |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Poonam-to-captain-girls-hockey-team-in-U-18-Asia-Cup/articleshow/9924212.cms |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=9 September 2011 |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
* Represented Indian senior women's team in the FIH World League (Round 2) held at New Delhi from 18 to 24 February 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ritu Rani to Lead Indian Women's Team at World Hockey League Round 2 in Delhi |url=http://thefansofhockey.com/2013/02/05/ritu-rani-to-lead-indian-womens-team-at-world-hockey-league-round-2-in-delhi/id-9207.html#.V5v7fqx36x4 |website=Thefansofhockey.com |date=5 February 2013 |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
* She was a part of the Indian team that made history by winning the bronze medal for the first time in Women Junior Hockey World Cup at Monchengladbach in Germany on 4 July 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Junior Women Team Announced For FIH Hockey Junior World Cup Women 2013 |url=http://hockeyindia.org/news/indian-junior-women-team-announced-for-fih-hockey-junior-world-cup-women-2013.html |website=Hockeyindia.org |date=2 July 2013 |access-date=30 July 2016 |archive-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122170438/http://hockeyindia.org/news/indian-junior-women-team-announced-for-fih-hockey-junior-world-cup-women-2013.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* She was part of the Indian team that won the bronze medal in the Women's Hockey Asia Cup in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=8th Women's Hockey Asia Cup |url=http://hockeyindia.org/8th-womens-asia-cup |website=Hockeyindia.org |access-date=30 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808080814/http://hockeyindia.org/8th-womens-asia-cup |archive-date=8 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* She was part of the senior Indian team that won the silver medal in the Women's Asian Champions Trophy in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=3rd Women's Asian Champions Trophy 2013 |url=http://hockeyindia.org/3rd-womens-asian-champions-trophy |website=Hockeyindia.org |access-date=30 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808044355/http://hockeyindia.org/3rd-womens-asian-champions-trophy |archive-date=8 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* She was a member of the Indian team that won the women's hockey test series 6–0 against Malaysia held at Kualalumpur from 9 to 17 June 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Women's Hockey Team Blank Malaysia 6–0 In 6-Test Series |url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/2014/jul2014.html |website=Bharatiyahockey.org |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
* She was part of the Indian women team that finished fifth in the 20th Commonwealth Games, held in Glasgow from 23 July to 3 August 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=CWG 2014: Full List Of India's 215 Athletes For Glasgow |url=http://www.oneindia.com/sports/cwg-2014-full-list-india-s-215-athletes-glasgow-1483727.html |website=Oneindia.com |date=16 July 2014 |access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>
* She was a member of the Indian women hockey team that won the bronze medal in the 17th Asian Games at Incheon (South Korea) on 1 October 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Players at Incheon Asian games 2014 |url=http://sports.mapsofindia.com/asian-games/indian-players.html |website=Sports.mapsofindia.com |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
* She was a member of the Indian women team that finished seventh in the Hawkes Bay Cup Tournament, held at Hastings in New Zealand from 11 to 19 April 2015.
* She was part of the Indian team that won the FIH World League Round 2 in New Delhi in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Women Hockey Team Announced For The Upcoming FIH World League Round 2 |url=http://hockeyindia.org/news/indian-women-hockey-team-announced-for-the-upcoming-fih-world-league-round-2.html |website=Hockeyindia.org |date=3 March 2015 |access-date=11 August 2016 |archive-date=12 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812040303/http://hockeyindia.org/news/indian-women-hockey-team-announced-for-the-upcoming-fih-world-league-round-2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India Beats Poland 3–1 To Win The Hero FIH Hockey World League Round 2 (Women), Delhi 2015 |url=http://hockeyindia.org/news/india-beats-poland-3-1-to-win-the-hero-fih-hockey-world-league-round-2-women-delhi-2015.html |website=Hockeyindia.org |date=15 March 2015 |access-date=11 August 2016 |archive-date=12 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812025603/http://hockeyindia.org/news/india-beats-poland-3-1-to-win-the-hero-fih-hockey-world-league-round-2-women-delhi-2015.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* She was a member of Indian women hockey team that won five matches, drew one and lost two on its South Africa tour, which took place from 20 February to 1 March 2016.
* She was a member of the India team that finished sixth in the Hawkes Bay Cup Women Hockey Festival, held at [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]] in New Zealand from 2 to 10 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=PERSONALITIES |url=http://orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NjAx |website=Orisports.com |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
* Completed her 100th international cap in India's final group stage match against Australia on her 22nd birthday at the FourNation Women Tournament at Darwin in Australia on 3 June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deep Grace Ekka Completes 100 International Caps For India |url=http://hockeyindia.org/news/deep-grace-ekka-completes-100-international-caps-for-india.html |website=Hockeyindia.org |date=3 June 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |archive-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808075122/http://hockeyindia.org/news/deep-grace-ekka-completes-100-international-caps-for-india.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* She was selected for [[Rio Olympics 2016]], Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rio Olympics 2016: Four Odisha players part of women's hockey squad |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/four-odisha-players-part-of-olympic-bound-womens-hockey-squad |website=Sportskeeda.com |date=12 July 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>

===National===
* Helped Odisha win the title in National School (U-17) Hockey Championship in 2009.
* Helped Odisha finish runners-up in the Hockey event of the Women's National Sports Festival at Bhopal in 2010.
* She was a member of the Odisha team that finished 3rd in the inaugural Hockey India Senior National Championship at [[Sonepat]] in 2011.
* Represented Odisha in 34th National games at [[Ranchi]] ([[Jharkhand]]) in 2011.
* Selected by Hockey India to join the Senior National Women coaching camp to be held at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadiumin New Delhi from 27 December to 15 February 2011.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |title=PERSONALITIES |url=http://orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=NjAx |website=Orisports.com |access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref>

== Award ==

* [[Arjuna Award]] 2022<ref name=":2" />

==Other information==
* On 26 July 2016, Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik directed Odisha Mining Corporation to provide her a special incentive of Rs 10 lakh for participation in Rio Olympic Games.
* Odisha government on 10 October 2014 announced a cash award of Rs 75,000 lakh for Deep Grace for helping India win women's bronze medal in the 17th Asian Games at Incheon.
* Odisha Cricket Association on 2 October 2014 announced a cash award of Rs 10,000 for Deep Grace for helping India win the bronze medal in the 17th Asian Games at Incheon.
* On 11 August 2014, Mahanadi Coalfields Limited felicitated with a cash award of Rs 1 lakh for helping India win bronze medal in the 2013 Junior Women HockeyWorld Cup in Germany.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}
*[https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/deep-grace-ekka-profile-273 Deep Grace Ekka] at [[Hockey India]]

{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
| bg = #0077FF
| fg = #FFFF40
|list1=
{{India FHW Squad 2013 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2014 Asian Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2016 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FHW Squad 2017 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2018 World Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2018 Asian Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2020 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 World Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Asian Games}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ekka, Deep Grace}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sundergarh district]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey defenders]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Odisha]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Odisha]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]

Saumya Pakray

2026-04-07T11:27:17Z

Sergdxx: added initial info w/ infobox...

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Saumya Pakray
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Saumya Lakshminarayan Pakray
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|3|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Tribeni, Hooghly]], Bengal, India
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = Off break
| role = Bowler

| club1 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| year1 = 2009/10

| date = 20 November
| year = 2023
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/231/231941/231941.html Cricket Archive
}}
'''Saumya Lakshminarayan Pakray''' (born 18 March 1989) is an Indian former [[cricket]]er from [[Tribeni, Hooghly]]. He played as a right-arm [[off break]] bowler and batted left-handed. Pakray played in two [[List A cricket|List A]] matches for [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] in 2009/10.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/231/231941/231941.html Saumya Pakray]. Cricket Archive. Retrieved 20 November 2023. {{subscription required}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Bengal cricketers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cricinfo |id=447140 |name=Soumya Pakre}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pakray, Saumya}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Bengal cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Hooghly district]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1989-stub}}

List of roads in Prayagraj

2026-04-07T09:04:40Z

Sergdxx: creating entry

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
This '''list of streets and roads in Prayagraj''' covers all of the major streets and roads in [[Prayagraj]], [[India]]. Streets in India are often synonymous to '[[roads]]'. They are also called '''Marg''' or sometimes '''Path''' in Hindi.

==List==
* {{anchor|Bank Road}}'''Bank Road'''
* {{anchor|Auckland Road}}'''Auckland Road'''
* {{anchor|Ahmad Road}}'''Ahmad Road''' {{citation needed|date=February 2015}}on the southern edge of the [[Kareli, Allahabad|Kareli]] residential neighbourhood links [[List of streets and roads in Allahabad#Noorullah Road|Noorullah Road]] at {{Coord|25.422114|81.820904|display=inline}} with the Karamat Ki Chauki residential area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Karamat+Chowki,+Allahabad,+Uttar+Pradesh+211016,+India/@25.4167022,81.8115767,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x398534c54efecfbf:0x437bae163f052b03|title=Google Maps|work=google.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Allahabad|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Ahmad+Rd,+Allahabad,+Uttar+Pradesh+211016/@25.4229544,81.8178165,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x398534d9e286e0e5:0x78a91814a825a14|website=Google Maps|accessdate=28 February 2015}}</ref>
* {{anchor|Noorullah Road}}'''Noorullah Road''' The road starts from [[Prayagraj Junction]] and end towards Karelabagh
* {{anchor|Cariappa Road}}'''Cariappa Road'''
* {{anchor|Clive Road}}'''Clive Road'''
* {{anchor|Colvin Road}}'''Colvin Road'''
* {{anchor|Cooper Road}}'''Cooper Road'''
* {{anchor|Dr. Lohia Road}}'''Dr. Lohia Road'''
* {{anchor|Drummond Road}}'''Drummond Road''' The road was named after Major General Henry Drummond who was posted in Japan during World War II( during the British Raj ), In later years his son Allen Henry Drummond became A.D.M ( Additional District Magistrate ) somewhere Uttar Pradesh in North India. Allen Drummond passed on in 2003.
*{{anchor|Dr Muzaffar Nasim rd }}''' Dr Muzaffar Nasim Road''' it is major road in GTB Nagar kareli Prayagraj.
*{{anchor|Elgin Road}}'''Elgin Road''' - It is a major road in [[Civil Lines, Allahabad|Civil Lines]].
* {{anchor|Jawaharlal Nehru Road}}'''Jawaharlal Nehru Road'''
* {{anchor|Hamilton Road}}'''Hamilton Road''' - Now renamed as Amarnath Jha Marg.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Bungalows-where-Kipling-Tagore-stayed-lie-neglected/articleshow/35856903.cms|title=Bungalows where Kipling, Tagore stayed lie neglected | Allahabad News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>
* {{anchor|Hastings Road}}'''Hastings Road''' runs north to south in central Prayagraj and has been divided into two renamed '''Nyaya Marg''' which runs from Muir Road to PD Tandon Marg, and '''CSP Marg''' which runs from PD Tandon Marg to Smith Road.
* {{anchor|Kamla Nehru Road}}'''Kamla Nehru Road'''
* {{anchor|Katra Road}}'''Katra Road'''
* {{anchor|Kidgunj Road}}'''Kidgunj Road'''
* {{anchor|Kutchery Road}}'''Kutchery Road'''
* {{anchor|Lala Lajpat Rai Road}}'''Lala Lajpat Rai Road''' is developed as a 'model road'.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/286cr-23-projects-for-citys-dev/articleshow/48784193.cms|title = 286cr, 23 projects for city's dev | Allahabad News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=3 September 2015 }}</ref>
* {{anchor|Lawrence Road}}'''Lawrence Road'''
* {{anchor|Leader Road}}'''Leader Road'''
* {{anchor|Liddle Road}}'''Liddle Road'''
* {{anchor|Lowther Road}}'''Lowther Road'''
* {{anchor|Luker Road}}'''Luker Road'''
* {{anchor|MG Marg}}'''[[Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Allahabad|MG Marg]]'''
* {{anchor|Mahatama Gandhi Marg}}'''Mahatama Gandhi Marg''', also known as '''MG Marg''' is one of the major streets in [[Prayagraj]], named after [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. It stretches from [[Allahabad High Court]] in the east making intersection with [[List of streets and roads in Allahabad#PD Tondon Marg|PD Tondon Marg]] and [[List of streets and roads in Allahabad#Nyaya Marg|Nyaya Marg]], passing through [[Civil Lines, Allahabad|Civil Lines]], to the west till in ends at the esplanade. It is bordered by several shops, malls and a number of historical and religious buildings and offices and notable landmarks like [[All Saints Cathedral, Prayagraj|All Saints Cathedral]] and [[Alfred Park]] in the north. It intersects with [[List of streets and roads in Allahabad#Sardar Patel Marg|Sardar Patel Marg]] making '''Subash Cross''', a notable town square of the city.
* {{anchor|Muir Road}}'''Muir Road'''
* {{anchor|Nawab Yusuf Road}}'''Nawab Yusuf Road'''
* {{anchor|Noorullah Road}}'''Noorullah Road'''
* {{anchor|Park Road}}'''Park Road'''
* {{anchor|Patrika Marg}}'''Patrika Marg'''
* {{anchor|PD Tondon Marg}}'''PD Tondon Marg'''
* {{anchor|Sardar Patel Marg}}'''Sardar Patel Marg'''
* {{anchor|SN Marg}}'''SN Marg'''
* {{anchor|Sarojini Naidu Marg}}'''Sarojini Naidu Marg''' and formerly '''Queen's Road'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/Introductory_Note.pdf |title=INTRODUCTORY NOTE On the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=allahabadhighcourt.in |publisher= |accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> is a major road in Allahabad which is lined with many public building and government offices and notable landmarks like General Post Office, [[All Saints Cathedral, Prayagraj]], Telegraph Office and Government Press.<ref name=TGEIAAp57>{{cite book |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture, Volume 3|author=Jonathan M. Bloom, Sheila Blai|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year= 2009|isbn=978-81-250-1383-9 |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=PA57}}</ref><ref name=AHVLp14>{{cite book |title=A Hand-book for Visitors to Lucknow: With Preliminary Notes on Allahabad and Cawnpore|author-link=Henry George Keene (1826–1915)|author=Henry George Keene|publisher=J. Jetley|orig-year= 1875|year=2000|isbn=81-206-1527-1 |pages=14–15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EfGFMpm8UbAC&pg=PA15}}</ref>
* {{anchor|Smith Road}}'''Smith Road'''
* {{anchor|Stanley Road}}'''Stanley Road'''
* {{anchor|Strachey Road}}'''Strachey Road'''
* {{anchor|Tashkent Marg}}'''Tashkent Marg'''
* {{anchor|Thornhill Road}}'''Thornhill Road'''
* {{anchor|Triveni Road}}'''Triveni Road'''
* {{anchor|University Road}}'''University Road'''
* {{anchor|Zero Road}}'''Zero Road''' connects Ghantaghar to Rambagh. Important places around '''Zero Road''' are '''Zero Road Interstate Bus Stand''', '''Ajanta Talkies''', '''Mansarovar talkies''', '''Chandralok Talkies'''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Prayagraj topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Streets and roads in Prayagraj}}
[[Category:Transport in Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Prayagraj-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of roads in India|Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Roads in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Streets in India by city]]
[[Category:Lists of streets by city|Prayagraj]]

Baji Rao II

2026-03-26T15:05:37Z

Sergdxx:

{{short description|Peshwa of the Maratha Empire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Peshwa|Shrimant Peshwa]] Maharajadhiraj Vakil-ul-Mutlaq (Regent of the Empire)
| name = Baji Rao II
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Dhakate Bajirava Saheb. Coloured lithograph, 1888. Wellcome V0045040.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1775|01|10|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1851|01|28|1775|01|10|df=y}}
| office = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|33x30px]] 13th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Confederacy]]
| termstart = 6 December 1796
| termend = 25 October 1802
| predecessor = [[Madhavrao II]]
| successor = [[Amrut Rao]]
| predecessor1 = Amrut Rao
| successor1 = ''Position disestablished'' ([[Nana Saheb II]] as titular [[Peshwa]])
| termstart1 = 13 May 1803
| termend1 = 3 June 1818
| monarch = [[Shahu II]], [[Pratap Singh of Satara]]
| spouse = Warnashi Bai
| children = [[Nana Saheb Peshwa II|Nana Saheb II]] (adopted)
| birth_place = [[Dhar]], [[Indore State]], [[Maratha Confederacy]] (present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]])
| death_place = [[Bithoor|Bithur]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[Company rule in India|Company India]]
| order =
| mother = [[Anandibai]]
| father = [[Raghunath Rao]]
}}

'''Baji Rao II''' (10 January 1775 – 28 January 1851) was the 13th and last [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]]. He served from 1796 until his deposition in 1802, and again from 1803 to 1818. Initially installed as a [[Puppet ruler|nominal ruler]] by powerful Maratha nobles, Baji Rao II's authority was soon undermined by internal factionalism. Following his defeat by rival chiefs, he fled from the Maratha capital at [[Poona]] and, in 1802, signed the [[Treaty of Bassein (1802)|Treaty of Bassein]] with the [[British East India Company]].

This led to the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] (1803–1805), which ended with a British victory and Baji Rao II's restoration as Peshwa under British protection. In 1817, tensions with the British resurfaced when they supported the [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwads]] of Baroda in a revenue dispute, prompting Baji Rao II to join other Maratha chiefs in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] (1817–1818). After a series of defeats, he surrendered to the British and agreed to retire. Under the terms of his surrender, he was granted an estate at [[Bithoor|Bithur]], near [[Kanpur]], along with an annual pension.

==Personal life==
[[File:Western courtyard of Vishrambaug Wada, Pune.jpg|thumb|Courtyard of the [[Vishrambaug Wada]], residence of Bajirao II until 1818]]

Baji Rao II was born on 10 January 1775 to [[Raghunathrao]], a former Peshwa, and his wife [[Anandibai]]. Raghunathrao's alliance with the British East India Company had led to the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]] (1775–1782), which concluded with the [[Treaty of Salbai]] in 1782.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Author Search Results |url=https://kalnet.kshec.kerala.gov.in/vufind/Author/Home?author=Raghunath+Rao |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=kalnet.kshec.kerala.gov.in}}</ref> At the time of Baji Rao II's birth, both of his parents were under confinement by the ruling Peshwa's council. He and his brothers spent their early years in captivity, with limited access to education and other privileges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=baji-rao-2nd |url=https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/baji-rao-2/#:~:text=The%20erstwhile%20Peshwa%20Raghunathrao%20and,both%20of%20his%20parents%20imprisoned. |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=BYJUS}}</ref>

After the death of Peshwa [[Madhavrao II]] in 1795, who left no heir, a succession crisis broke out among the Maratha nobility.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nandakumar |first=J. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Swa_Struggle_for_National_Selfhood_Past/beejEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Madhavrao+II,+committed+suicide+in+1795&pg=PA48&printsec=frontcover |title=Swa: Struggle for National Selfhood Past, Present and Future |date=10 December 2022 |publisher=Indus Scrolls Press}}</ref> The influential general [[Daulat Rao Scindia]] and the minister [[Nana Fadnavis]] eventually installed Baji Rao II as a [[Puppet ruler|puppet]] Peshwa in 1796. His accession was controversial due to lingering suspicion surrounding his parents, who were believed by some to have been involved in the murder of Peshwa [[Narayanrao]] in 1773. As a result, Baji Rao II faced prejudice and mistrust from sections of the Maratha elite and the public.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sampath |first=Vikram |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Tipu_Sultan/tTgxEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Baji+Rao+II+as+a+puppet+Peshwa&pg=PT413&printsec=frontcover |title=Tipu Sultan: The Saga of Mysore's Interregnum (1760–1799) |date=31 October 2024 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-6790-094-9}}</ref>

Despite these challenges, contemporary accounts describe him as an able administrator who undertook developmental works in [[Poona]], though his political and military leadership was often criticized as indecisive.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vaidya |first=S. G. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Peshwa_Bajirao_II_and_the_Downfall_of_th/X3YBAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Baji+Rao+II+coward&dq=Baji+Rao+II+coward&printsec=frontcover |title=Peshwa Bajirao II and the Downfall of the Maratha Power |date=1976 |publisher=Pragati Prakashan}}</ref>

Social reformer [[Pandita Ramabai]] later criticized Baji Rao II for allegedly marrying, at around 60 years of age, a girl said to be aged nine or ten, citing it as an example of the prevalence of child marriage among Maratha nobility.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pandita Ramabai: Life and Landmark Writings|author= Meera Kosambi|date= 22 January 2016|publisher=Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, London and New York|page=120|isbn= 9781317334019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un5wCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|quote=[Peshwa] Bajirao II had married a girl of 9 or 10 when he was 60 and blind, to maintain the perpetual sacred fire [agnihotra]. This lady now lives in Nepal. Oh, the fate of our Indian women! Bajirao-saheb was a ruler who belonged to my caste, and he was also my kinsman. But that does not mean that I approve of his vices.}}</ref>

==Holkar's conquest of Poona==
After the death of [[Nana Fadnavis]] in 1800, [[Daulat Rao Sindhia|Daulat Rao Scindia]] took complete control of the Peshwa's administration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daulat Rao Sindhia {{!}} Maratha leader {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daulat-Rao-Sindhia |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=britannica.com}}</ref> As Scindia began consolidating power and removing rivals within the government, Baji Rao II grew increasingly concerned for his safety and sought assistance from the British Resident at Poona, Colonel William Palmer. At that time, [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]] was stationed in the southern Maratha territories, having recently concluded a campaign against [[Dhondia Wagh]].

Although Baji Rao II initially hesitated to sign a treaty with the British, events in 1802 forced his hand. That year, Scindia's rival, [[Yashwant Rao Holkar]], advanced toward Poona, claiming allegiance to the Peshwa and asserting that his intention was to free the city from Scindia's dominance. Relations between Holkar and the Peshwa, however, were tense, as Baji Rao II had previously ordered the execution of Holkar's brother, [[Vithoji Rao Holkar]]. Baji Rao II requested military assistance from Scindia, who was then away from Poona. Scindia's army arrived on 22 October 1802, but on 25 October, Holkar defeated the combined forces of Scindia and the Peshwa in the [[Battle of Hadapsar]].<ref name="RM_2013">{{cite book |author=Rory Muir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tc4_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA107 |title=Wellington: The Path to Victory 1769–1814 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780300186659 |pages=107–124}}</ref>

On the morning of 25 October, before the battle, Baji Rao II had already sent preliminary terms for a treaty to the British. After Holkar's victory, the Peshwa fled from [[Hadapsar]] to [[Parvati Hill|Parvati]] and took refuge at [[Sinhagad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Pratul C. |title=Baji Rao II and the East India Company |publisher=Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press |year=1923 |pages=37–38}}</ref> He later travelled via the Konkan coast to [[Vasai]] (then known as Bassein), where he sought British support in [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]].<ref name="RM_2013" />

In Poona, Holkar established a provisional administration headed by his adoptive brother, [[Amrut Rao]], who served as the nominal Peshwa.<ref name="AW_1877">{{cite book |author=Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gskNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA218 |title=A Selection from the Despatches, Treaties, and Other Papers of the Marquess Wellesley, K.G., During His Government of India |publisher=Clarendon |year=1877 |page=218}}</ref>

His flight from Poona and reliance on British assistance drew criticism from both contemporaries and later historians, who contrasted his actions with the military prowess of his grandfather, [[Bajirao I]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Pratul C. |title=Baji Rao II and the East India Company |publisher=Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press |year=1923 |pages=32–33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghashi |first=Saisimran |title=मराठा साम्राज्याचा अंत करणारा दूसरा बाजीराव कसा दिसायचा? पाहा दुर्मिळ फोटो |url=https://www.esakal.com/ampstories/web-story/how-second-bajirao-peshwa-looked-like-old-real-photos-historical-images-downfall-of-maratha-empire-ssg2 |access-date=22 July 2025 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=mr |trans-title=What did Bajirao II, who ended the Maratha Empire, look like? See rare photos}}</ref>

==Treaty with the British==
[[File:Peshwa Baji Rao II.jpg|thumb|Bajirao II meeting with British East India Company officials |left]]

In December 1802, Baji Rao II concluded the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company. Under the terms of the treaty, the British agreed to reinstate him as Peshwa in exchange for the right to station a subsidiary force of 6,000 infantry, equipped with artillery and commanded by British officers, within Maratha territory. The Peshwa was required to bear the expenses of this force and to accept the appointment of a permanent British Resident at Poona.<ref name="Naravane1">{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=64–66}}</ref>

The treaty provoked strong opposition among other Maratha chiefs, particularly Yashwant Rao Holkar and Daulat Rao Scindia, who viewed it as a violation of Maratha sovereignty. Their resistance to British involvement in Maratha affairs led to the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] (1803–1805).<ref name=Naravane1/>

The war ended in a decisive British victory. Internal divisions within the Maratha Confederacy—especially the rivalry between the Holkars and Scindias—contributed to their defeat. Some contemporary accounts also attributed the outcome to the unreliability of Scindia's European officers, who commanded many of the imported artillery pieces in the Maratha army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Low |first=Sir Sidney |last2=Pulling |first2=Frederick Sanders |title=The Dictionary of English History |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Dictionary_of_English_History/BQAHAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=rivalries+between+Holkars+and+Scindias&pg=PA701&printsec=frontcover |date=1884 |publisher=Cassell}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Saroop |first=Narindar |title=Gardner of Gardner's Horse, 2nd Lancers, Indian Army |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gardner_of_Gardner_s_Horse_2nd_Lancers_I/AjKURHnitt8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=rivalries+between+Holkars+and+Scindias&pg=PA36&printsec=frontcover |date=1983 |publisher=Abhinav Publications}}</ref>

==Third Anglo-Maratha War==
[[File:Rao Baji signing the Treaty of Vasai.jpg|thumb|Bajirao II signs the [[Treaty of Bassein (1802)|Treaty of Bassein]] in 1802.]]

Raids by the [[Pindari]]s, irregular horsemen operating within Maratha territories, into British-controlled areas, ultimately led to the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818), which ended in the defeat of the [[Bhonsle]]s, [[Holkar]]s, and other Maratha chiefs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCERT Notes: Third Anglo-Maratha War – Causes of Marathas' Defeat [Modern Indian History for UPSC] |url=https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/ncert-notes-third-anglo-maratha-war/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=BYJU'S}}</ref>

In the mid-1810s, the British East India Company intervened in a financial dispute between the Peshwa and the Gaekwads of Baroda over revenue sharing. On 13 June 1817, Baji Rao II was compelled to sign the Treaty of Poona, under which he renounced claims to Gaekwad revenues and ceded significant territory to the British. The agreement effectively abolished the Peshwa's nominal suzerainty over other Maratha chiefs, formally bringing the Maratha Confederacy to an end.<ref name="MT_2008">{{cite book |author=Mohammad Tarique |title=Modern Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DR2oAQAAQBAJ&pg=SA1-PA15 |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-07-066030-4 |pages=1.15–1.16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Gurcharn Singh Sandhu |title=The Indian Cavalry: History of the Indian Armoured Corps |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6qTeAAAAMAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=Vision Books |isbn=978-81-7094-013-5 |page=211 }}</ref>

On 5 November 1817, hostilities broke out when the Peshwa's forces, led by his legal adviser Mor Dixit, attacked the British Residency at [[Pune]]. The ensuing [[Battle of Khadki]] (also known as the Battle of Kirkee) resulted in a British victory.<ref name="JFR_2006">{{cite book |author=John F. Riddick |title=The History of British India: A Chronology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC&pg=PA34 |year=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-32280-8 |page=34 }}</ref>

Among the Peshwa's troops were the Pinto brothers, [[Conspiracy of the Pintos|José António]] and [[Conspiracy of the Pintos|Francisco]], members of a Goan noble family who had fled [[Goa]] after participating in the [[Conspiracy of the Pintos]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Goan colonel decorated in the Maratha army |url=https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/goan-colonel-decorated-in-the-maratha-army/91527.html |website=The Goan |date=18 November 2022 |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Noted Goans during Peshwe era in Pune – 3: Two Goans follow illustrious kin |url=https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/noted-goans-during-peshwe-era-in-pune3-2-goans-follow-illustrious-kin/91809.html |website=The Goan |date=25 November 2022 |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref>

Following the defeat at Khadki, Baji Rao II's forces regrouped near Garpir on Solapur Road to intercept British reinforcements from [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]], but the defection of one of his commanders, Sardar Ghorpade Sondurkar, forced the army to withdraw.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Short Note on Baji Rao II |url=https://unacademy.com/content/railway-exam/study-material/ancient-history-of-india/a-short-note-on-baji-rao-%E2%85%B1/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=Unacademy}}</ref>

Subsequently, the Peshwa's forces captured [[Chakan Fort]] from the British. Meanwhile, the British placed Poona under the command of Colonel Burr, while [[General Joseph Smith (British Army officer)|General Joseph Smith]] pursued Baji Rao II's army. Late in December 1817, Smith's troops from [[Shirur, Maharashtra|Shirur]] engaged the Peshwa's forces at the [[Battle of Koregaon]], where his troops were repelled and forced to retreat upon learning of the approach of additional Company reinforcements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baji Rao II |url=https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/baji-rao-2/#:~:text=However,%20after%20one%20of%20Baji,put%20Poona%20under%20Colonel%20Burr |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=BYJU'S}}</ref>

==Surrender and retirement==
[[File:Surrender of Bajirao II.jpg|left|thumb|Surrender of Bajirao II c.1818]]
[[File:Surrender of the Peishwa Bajirao II.jpg|left|thumb|Surrender of Bajirao II after the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] in 1818]]

After several months of pursuit by five British columns, Baji Rao II surrendered to [[John Malcolm]] in 1818. Support from the Maratha chiefs [[Scindia]], [[Holkar]], and [[Bhosle]] did not materialize during his flight.<ref>{{Citation |title=A History of the Mahrattas |first=James Grant |last=Duff |volume=2 |publisher=H. Milford, Oxford University Press |location=London |oclc=61585379 |year=1921 |editor=[[Stephen Meredyth Edwardes]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_Pc4ZQMoy0C&q=A+history+of+the+Mahrattas,+Volume+2&pg=PA513 |page=513}}
</ref> Malcolm negotiated terms allowing Baji Rao II to retain his personal fortune and receive an annual pension of £80,000–£100,000. In return, he was required to reside at a location designated by the British with his retainers, renounce all claims to his heritage, and refrain from using the title of Peshwa, although he was permitted to use the title [[Maharaja]]. The treaty was ratified by [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|Francis Rawdon-Hastings]], based on the assumption that Baji Rao II, then over 40 years old, would not live long.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kerr |first=Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=07HGDQAAQBAJ |title=A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse |date=24 May 2017 |publisher=Pocket Essentials |isbn=978-1-84344-923-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wheeler |first=James Talboys |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GFvXAAAAMAAJ |title=A Short History of India and of the Frontier States of Afghanistan, Nepal, and Burma |date=1899 |publisher=Macmillan and Company}}</ref>

The British selected [[Bithur]], a village on the right bank of the [[Ganges]] near [[Kanpur]], as his place of residence. The estate covered six square miles and, along with his relatives and attendants who moved from Poona, had a population of approximately 15,000. He lived in Bithur for 33 years, dying in 1851.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paul |first=E. Jaiwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=65vrBAAAQBAJ |title=The Greased Cartridge: The Heroes and Villains of 1857–58 |date=1 August 2011 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5194-010-4}}</ref>

Accounts from the [[Gwalior State|Court of Gwalior]] describe Baji Rao II's life in exile. He was reportedly haunted by the ghost of [[Narayanrao Peshwa|Narayanrao]], the ninth Peshwa, who had been allegedly murdered with the complicity of Baji Rao II's parents. To address this, he consulted priests from [[Pandharpur]], a temple town on the banks of the [[Chandrabhaga River]], who performed rituals to exorcise the spirit. In gratitude, he commissioned a riverside embankment in Pandharpur, which still bears his name. After his exile to Bithur, he continued performing religious activity and rituals, including constructing temples, bathing [[ghats]], and observing fasts, as prescribed by priests in [[Varanasi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thapliyāla |first=Hari Prasāda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gt-1AAAAIAAJ |title=The Life and Work of Peshwa Nana Saheb: The Spirit and Force of Indian Nationalism and National Liberation Movement in India Since 1857 and Onward |date=1985 |publisher=Sahitya Kendra Prakashan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fovAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Nana Saheb and his times |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7}}</ref>

During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], after the British recaptured Kanpur under [[Henry Havelock]] and later [[James Hope Grant]], Bithur was sacked and burned. The residence of Baji Rao II and many buildings housing his extended family were destroyed. His adopted son, [[Nana Sahib|Nana Saheb II]], had already escaped by then.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Varma |first=Rakesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VXzcEAAAQBAJ |title=Troll Purana: Rahu to Rahul Bharat Jodo Y |date=8 November 2023 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-89133-738-1}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[File:Bajirao II Peshwa India.jpg|thumb|Sketch of Bajirao II|left]]

The Marathi [[historical novel]]ist N. S. Inamdar wrote two novels that focus on the career of Bajirao II, presenting a perspective that contrasts with traditional historical portrayals. Inamdar depicts him as a ruler who faced personal and political challenges, including being imprisoned in childhood for a crime allegedly committed by his mother, Anandibai, and taking up the role of Peshwa without a solid understanding of politics.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

The first novel, ''Jhep'' (1963), is based on the life of Trimbakji Dengle, a guard of the Peshwa who rose to become his [[chief minister]] (Karbhari). Trimbakji helped Baji Rao II restore the ''Peshwai'', or Peshwa rule, after the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], and attempted to form a coalition with some kings to resist British rule. He was falsely implicated in the murder of Gangadhar Shastri, chief minister of the [[Gaekwad]], and arrested. The Peshwa considered starting a war to secure Trimbakji's release, but Trimbakji advised him to wait for a more opportune moment.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

The second novel, ''Mantravegala'' (1969), serves as a continuation of ''Jhep''. While ''Jhep'' focuses primarily on Trimbakji's personal life, ''Mantravegala'' explores Baji Rao II's experiences between 1817 and 1818, encompassing the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]. In the novel, he is depicted as frustrated with British interference in Maratha affairs and secretly planning to resist them. He arranges the release of Trimbakji from British imprisonment without acknowledging his involvement to [[Mountstuart Elphinstone]]. During this period, some Maratha chieftains support the [[Pindaris]], who harass British territories. Baji Rao II is unable to prevent them, leading to escalation into the Anglo-Maratha conflict. The narrative portrays his early military successes and eventual defeat by the British, culminating in his exile to [[Bithur]]. Inamdar's work highlights his personal struggles, including his resentment of the British, reflections on past political decisions such as refusing to ally with [[Yashwantrao Holkar]], his sorrow over the loss of his children, and his emotional farewell to Trimbakji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mantrawegla – मंत्रावेगळा By N. S. Inamdar – Buy Bajirao Books Online at Sahyadri Books, Dusare Bajirao, Akhercha Bajirao |url=https://sahyadribooks.com/mantrawegla/ |access-date=23 December 2024}}</ref>

===Television & film===
* In the 2001 Hindi historical drama series ''[[1857 Kranti]]'', telecasted on [[DD National]], Baji Rao II is played by [[Lalit Mohan Tiwari]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4165066/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm |title=1857 Kranti (TV Series) – IMDb |access-date=23 December 2024 |via=imdb.com}}</ref>
* In the 2019 Hindi film ''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]'', [[Suresh Oberoi]] played the character of Baji Rao II.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6903440/characters/nm0643350 |title=Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi (2019) – IMDb |access-date=23 December 2024 |via=imdb.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Commons category|Baji Rao II}}

==Further reading==
* Malgonkar, Manohar; ''Devil's Wind'', Orient Paperbacks, New Delhi, 1972 ({{ISBN|0-241-02176-6}})
* Vaidya, Dr. SG; ''Peshwa Bajirao II and the downfall of the Maratha power'' (5th ed.) 1976, Pragati Prakashan, Nagpur, India.{{full citation needed|date=August 2015 |reason=ISBN, page № etc. needed}}
* Dr.Suman Vaidya,"Akhercha Peshwa" (Marathi) Pragati Prakashan, Nagpur {{full citation needed|date=August 2015 |reason=ISBN, page № etc. needed}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Madhavrao II]] |
title=[[Peshwa]] |
years=1795–1851 |
after= [[Nana Sahib]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}
{{Peshawe family}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baji Rao II}}
[[Category:1775 births]]
[[Category:1851 deaths]]
[[Category:Peshwa dynasty]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:People from Dhar]]
[[Category:People of the Second Anglo-Maratha War]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

Hilary Robinson (scholar)

2026-03-26T09:45:44Z

Sergdxx: creating data

{{Short description|British academic and art theorist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Hilary Robinson''' is a British academic and art theorist. She was granted the 2024 annual Award for Distinction in Femininst Art History by the [[College Art Association]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collegeart.org/news/2024/03/04/congratulations-to-the-2024-distinguished-awardees/ |website=CollegeArt.org |publisher=College Art Association |access-date=8 April 2024 |title=Congratulations to the 2024 Distinguished Awardees! |date=4 March 2024 }}</ref> She is Professor of Feminism, Art, and Theory at [[Loughborough University]]'s School of Social Sciences and Humanities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/news-events/news/2017/october/expert-on-feminist-art-theory-joins-loughborough/|title=Renowned expert on feminist art theory joins Loughborough University|work=Loughborough University|access-date=2017-11-08|language=en}}</ref> She was Dean of the School of Art and Design and a professor at [[Middlesex University]], and previously served as Dean of the College of Fine Arts at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]. Her research focuses on the history, [[feminist art theory|theory]], and practice of [[feminist art]].<ref name="lboro">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/schools/social-sciences-humanities/at-a-glance/staff/hilary-robinson/ |title=Robinson, Hilary | School of Social Sciences and Humanities | Loughborough University |access-date=2019-08-16 |archive-date=2019-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816145727/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/schools/social-sciences-humanities/at-a-glance/staff/hilary-robinson/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Education and career ==
Robinson is the daughter of bookbinder [[Ivor Robinson (craftsman)|Ivor Robinson MBE]] (28 Oct 1924–19 Feb 2014) and Olive Robinson (née Trask)(5 Apr 1929-8 Aug 2023), a teacher. Robinson graduated with a BA Fine Art from [[Newcastle University]]. She then received an MA by thesis in [[Cultural History]] from the [[Royal College of Art]] in London. At the [[University of Leeds]], she obtained her PhD in Art Theory.<ref name="lboro"/>

In 1992 she was appointed Lecturer in the School of Art and Design, University of Ulster (now [[Ulster University]]) [[Belfast]]; she was promoted to Professor of the Politics of Art in 2002 and then to Head of School. In 2005 she became the dean of the College of Fine Arts at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], where she was chosen to be on the board of several museums, including the Warhol Museum and the Mattress Factory Museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Mellon Names Hilary Robinson Dean of Top-Ranked College of Fine Arts |url=https://www.cmu.edu/cmnews/extra/050614_robinson.html |website=www.cmu.edu |publisher=Carnegie Mellon University |access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref> She returned to England in 2012 to become the dean of the School of Art and Design and Professor of Visual Culture at Middlesex University. She joined Loughborough University's School of Arts, English and Drama in 2017 as Professor of Feminism, Art, and Theory.<ref name="lboro"/>

== Selected publications and exhibitions ==

===Books===
* Robinson, Hilary and Perry, Lara, eds. (2025) Feminisms/Museums/Surveys: An Anthology. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden MA; Oxford UK. {{ISBN|978-1-119-89758-3}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/Feminisms%2FMuseums%2FSurveys%3A+An+Anthology-p-9781119897583|title = Feminisms/Museums/Surveys: An Anthology. | Wiley}}</ref>
* Robinson, Hilary and Buszek, Maria Elena, eds. (2019) A Companion to Feminist Art. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden MA; Oxford UK. {{ISBN|978-1-118-92915-5}} <ref name="CFA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/A+Companion+to+Feminist+Art-p-9781118929155|title = A Companion to Feminist Art | Wiley}}</ref>
* Robinson, Hilary, Tobin, Amy, and Gosling, Luci; Reckitt, Hellena, ed. (2018) The Art of Feminism: Images that Shaped the Fight for Equality, 1857–2017. Chronicle Books, San Francisco; and Tate Publishing, London. {{ISBN|978-1-4521-6992-7}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chroniclebooks.com/titles/the-art-of-feminism.html|title = The Art of Feminism}}</ref>
* Robinson, Hilary, ed. (2015) Feminism-art-theory 1968–2014: an anthology. Wiley Blackwell, Malden MA; Oxford UK. {{ISBN|978-1-118-36060-6}} <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118360605.html|title=Feminism Art Theory: An Anthology 1968 – 2014, 2nd Edition|last=Robinson|first=Hilary|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2015|isbn=978-1-118-36060-6}}</ref>
* Robinson, Hilary (2006) Reading art, reading Irigaray: the politics of art by women. I.B. Tauris, London. {{ISBN|978-1-86064-953-0}}
* Robinson, Hilary, ed. (2001) Feminism-art-theory : 1968–2000. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. {{ISBN|978-0-631-20849-5}}
* Robinson, Hilary, ed. (1987) Visibly Female: Feminism and Art Today - An Anthology. Camden Press, London. {{ISBN|978-0-948491313}}

===Book sections===
* Robinson, Hilary (2021) 'Not White, Not Male, and Not New York: Race, Feminism and Artists in Pittsburgh'. In Feminist Visual Activism and the Body, edited by Sliwinska, Basia, 14–30. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. Part of {{ISBN|978-0-367-27899-1}}, {{OCLC|1191456617}}
* Robinson, Hilary (2020) 'But does it work in theory? Androcentric blind spots and omissions' In Art and Activism in the Age of Systemic Crisis: Aesthetic Resilience edited by Eliza Steinbock, Bram Ieven, Marijke de Valck, 24–38. New York and Abingdon: Routledge Part of {{doi|10.4324/9780429269189-2}}
* Robinson, Hilary (2019) ‘Witness it: Activism, Art, and the Feminist Performative Subject’ in Buszek and Robinson (eds): A Companion to Feminist Art, pp. 243–260
* Robinson, Hilary (2019) ‘The early work of [[Griselda Pollock]] in the context of developing feminist thinking in art history and criticism.’ In Raluca Bibiri (ed) Griselda Pollock: From Feminism to the Concentrationary and Beyond. Special issue: Images, Imagini, Images Journal of Visual and Cultural Studies n. 7 2017. Iași: Institutul European, Romania, pp. 19–50 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euroinst.ro/titlu.php?id=1625|title = Images, Imagini, Images 7/2017 - BIBIRI, Raluca :: Editura Institutul European Iasi}}</ref>
* Robinson, Hilary (2012) Pleasure, painting, politics: the three graces – or: why I like [[Adélaïde Labille-Guiard]]'s Self-Portrait With Two Pupils. In: Artistic Production and the Feminist Theory of Art: New Debates III. Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gastiezko Udalak, Victoria-Gastiez, Spain, pp. 306–316. {{ISBN|978-84-96845-43-5}}
* Harley, Alison and James, Stephanie and Reid, Eileen and Reid, Seona and Robinson, Hilary and Watson, Yvonne (2008) The third space: a paradigm for internationalism. In: The Student Experience in Art and Design Higher Education: Drivers for Change. Jill Rogers Associates Ltd, Cambridge, pp. 167–187. {{ISBN|0 9547111 7 3}}
* Robinson, Hilary and Harley, A. and Reid, E. and Reid, S. and Watson, Y. (2008) The third space: a paradigm for internationalisation. In: The student experience in art and design higher education: drivers for change. Drew, Linda, ed. Jill Rodgers Associates, Cambridge. {{ISBN|978-0-9547111-7-7}}
* Robinson, Hilary (2003) Becoming women: Irigaray, Ireland and visual representation. In: Art, Gender and Nation: Ethnic Landscapes, Myths and Mother-Figures. Bhreathnach-Lynch, Sheila and Cusack, Tricia, eds. Ashgate, Aldershot, pp. 113–127. {{ISBN|978-0-7546-3225-2}}
* Robinson, Hilary (2000) Whose beauty? Women, art, and inter-subjectivity in Luce Irigaray's writings. In: Beauty Matters. Brand, Peg Zeglin, ed. Indiana University Press, pp. 224–251. {{ISBN|978-0-253-21375-4}}

===Exhibitions===
* Robinson, Hilary (2012–13) ''Feminist and ...'', Mattress Factory, Pittsburgh, PA<ref>{{cite web|title=Mattress Factory: ActiveArchive|url=http://mattress.org/archive/index.php/Detail/occurrences/298|website=mattress.org|language=en|access-date=4 April 2017|archive-date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404130822/http://mattress.org/archive/index.php/Detail/occurrences/298|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Other academic publications ===
Journal papers and other academic publications can be found on ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-3788

* Women, feminism, and art schools: The UK experience, [[Women's Studies International Forum]] 2021-02-10 DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102447

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* Personal website https://www.feminism.art
* ORCID ID and full list of academic publications: {{ORCID|0000-0002-3153-3788}}
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/aed/staff/academic/hilary-robinson/ Hilary Robinson profile page for Loughborough University]
* [http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/view/creators/Robinson=3AHilary=3A=3A.html List of publications Middlesex University Research Repository] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404130457/http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/view/creators/Robinson=3AHilary=3A=3A.html |date=4 April 2017 }}
* [https://lboro.academia.edu/HilaryRobinson Academia.edu listing]
* {{LinkedIn page|in/hilary-robinson-72b7015}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robinson, Hilary}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British art curators]]
[[Category:Feminist historians]]
[[Category:British women art historians]]
[[Category:British art historians]]
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University faculty]]
[[Category:Alumni of Newcastle University]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Leeds]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Art]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Academics of Loughborough University]]
[[Category:Academics of Ulster University]]
[[Category:Academics of Middlesex University]]

Thangam (TV series)

2026-03-25T15:41:15Z

Sergdxx: added first entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian soap opera}}
{{Long plot|date=April 2011}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Thangam (TV Series) screenshot.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| writer = S. Ashok Kumar S. Kumaresan JP
| director = Rajesh B. Nakkeeran Sulaiman K. Babu G. Manikanda Kumar
| starring = [[Ramya Krishnan]] [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] [[Manju Bhargavi]] [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] [[Sridevi Ashok]]
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| theme_music_composer = Fatima Vijay Antony (title song) G. V. Kalai Kathir (background score)
| editor = S.Arul
| open_theme = Thangam Theeyil Jolikkum thunbam unnai sethukkum
| end_theme =
| num_episodes = 906
| list_episodes =
| producer = Vaidehi Ramamurthy
| company = Vision Time India Private Limited Srinivasa Visuals
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| runtime = (approx. 20-.22 minutes per episode)
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2009|6|29}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2013|1|25}}
| related = Aparanji Bangara
}}

'''''Thangam''''' ({{Translation|Gold|literal=Gold}}) is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Indian soap opera|soap opera]] that was broadcast on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]. The show's main cast includes [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], and [[Manju Bhargavi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/sun-tv-tamil-serial-ramya-krishnan-thangam-serial-news-180489/|title=Sun TV tamil serial Thangam|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hit fiction shows to keep the audience entertained during lockdown period|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-chithi-to-chinna-thambi-hit-fiction-shows-to-keep-the-audience-entertained-during-lockdown-period/photostory/75086836.cms?picid=75086892|website=The Times of India | date=11 April 2020 }}</ref> The show premiered on 29 June 2009, and was produced by Srinivasa Visuals and was directed by B. Nakkeeran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-tv-channels-do-a-dd-re-telecast-old-serials/articleshow/74887967.cms|title=Tamil TV channels do a DD, re-telecast old serials|website=The Times of India |date=30 March 2020 }}</ref>

The plot is centred around a woman and the challenges she faces among her family members and society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/90135-are-you-ready-to-see-these-famous-serials-first-episode|title=Are you ready to see these famous serial's first episode?|website=[[Vikatan]] |date=23 May 2017 }}</ref>

==Plot==
{{Long plot|date=March 2021}}
Raja Ramachandra Raghunath ([[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]), known as Ayyaa, is the head of the Ayyakudi village. Ayyaa has two wives, Naachiyar ([[Seema (actress)|Seema]]) and Subbulakshmi ([[Manju Bhargavi]]), with whom he has two sons and three daughters.

Ayyaa's younger sister Mutharasi ([[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]) is married to Kulasekharan (G.K.), the main antagonist and Naachiyar's elder brother. Mutharasi and Kulasekharan have two children, Jayachandran and Ilavanji ([[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]]).

Ganga is married to Selvakannan (former: [[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishna Kumar]], present: [[Sai Kiran]]), a well-known and respected IAS district collector. Also an IAS graduate, Ganga works with her husband as a sub-collector.

Kulasekharan hates Subbulakshmi because she shares her spouse with Naachiyar (his sister). Ilavanji and her husband, Ayyaa's son Karthik, support him. Since Kulasekharan only wants Ayyaa to be Naachiyar's husband and no one else's, he tries to get rid of Subbulakshmi, Ganga, Ramaa, and Charu, and banish them from the village. He tries to kill Selvakannan, separate Ramaa and Jayachandran, and cheat Subbulakshmi into letting him out of jail. Some of his attempts succeed, while others fail miserably and end up backfiring. Naachiyar does not give in to Kulasekharan's wishes because she loves Subbulakshmi like her own sister.

Selvakannan has an aunt, Rasammah, who lives with him and his parents. Rasammah has a niece named Manimegalai, whom she wanted Selvakannan to marry. Manimegalai also loves Selvakannan very much, but seeing his insistence on marrying Ganga and knowing Ganga to be a perfect person; she sacrifices her love for their happiness. However, Rasammah does not like that Ganga has married Selvakannan, and tries her best to poison Selvakannan's mother to try to compel Selvakannan to break his bond with Ganga. Eventually, she takes a liking to Ganga, and forgets about separating them. Karpagam initially gives in to Rasammah's talk, but she too begins to love and respect Ganga and her family.

Ilavanji is a sensitive woman who does not like Subbulakshmi's family. She is always in support of her father, whom she loves very much. Slowly, she starts to get along with Subbulakshmi's family, but does not forget her hatred towards them. Ilavanji is jealous of Ramaa because Ramaa is married to her brother, and because everyone in the family, with the exception of her husband Karthik and Kulasekharan, loves Subbulakshmi's family. Ilavanji and Vadivu, who are both Ayyaa's daughters-in-law, never get along and always fight. In this matter, Ilavanji is supported by Mangai, who is friends with Ilavanji and Ganga, and is Vishwanathan's mother. On the other hand, Vadivu is a brilliant girl who loves Subbulakshmi's family. She always finds out about Ilavanji's mischief and makes their mother-in-law punish Ilavanji and Mangai.

Ganga becomes pregnant, but her child is aborted because she is hit while trying to protect her husband from a raging bull released by Kulasekharan during Vadivu's wedding with Saravanan. Ramaa also becomes pregnant.

Selvakannan has a P.A. named Vandana, a mysterious and evil girl, who knows that Selvakannan has had a brain tumor for a very long time. Vandana does not inform Selvakannan's family members about the tumor until the condition worsens and Selvakannan is on his deathbed. Every doctor gives up on him and tells the family that Selvakannan will die in nine days, and his death is unpreventable. Ganga believes that her husband can be cured through God's grace. In those nine days, she observes nine different types of penances in the name of Goddess Amman. Her family members also do their part by going to Palani and carrying milk pots. Miraculously, her paralysed husband can move, and he is immediately operated on and cured. Everyone in the family hates Vandana for hiding Selvakannan's sickness from them, as well as for her false allegations against Selvakannan that he had married Vandana before marrying Ganga.

To clear Selvakannan from Vandana's allegations, the family decides to meet up with the villagers at the Ellaiyamman temple on the outskirts of the village. It is believed that when ground chili paste is rubbed on the Goddess residing in the temple, the Goddess will punish the person at fault by setting them on fire. When Selvakannan and Vandana rub chili paste on Goddess Ellaiyamman, to their shock, neither Selvakannan nor Vandana feel their bodies burning. The priest realises that there is some mischief going on, so he invokes the Goddess and tells everyone through the Goddess's words that this matter will be resolved in 60 days. Following this incident, Vandana becomes even more evil and mysterious. Everyone in Ganga's family is annoyed that Vandana is staying at Ganga's house until very late in the night, and she is brutally chased out by Mutharasi, Ilavanji, Charu, and Mangai.

Subbulakshmi's pet cow, Lakshmi, gives birth to a beautiful baby calf, and Naachiyar gives Lakshmi's mother to Subbulakshmi as a wedding gift. The same day, Ganga is tested pregnant. The whole family rejoices and the women in the family crowd into Ellaiyamman temple to make Pongal for the Goddess. Suddenly, winds are blowing and the brick stoves do not catch fire as they are supposed to. The women begin to do the Kummi Adi, a folk dance done in a circle by Tamil village women, to appease the Goddess. During the dance, the idol of the Goddess falls flat on the floor. Horrified, the people at the temple try to put the idol back in place, but they notice that the idol is unusually light and hollow. Selvakannan and Ganga realise that the idol had been changed into a fake one and the real idol is elsewhere. They now understand that this was the reason that the Goddess did not punish Vandana when she rubbed chili paste on the Goddess. Everyone suspects that Vandana was the one who had changed the idol. Eventually, the real idol of the Goddess is found dumped in an available temple tank. After some investigation by the police, through Ilavanji, Kulasekharan is found guilty of changing the idol.

During Ayyaa and his two wives's 60th marriage anniversary ceremony, it is discovered that Ayya married Subbulakshmi because of a dark secret that only Ayya, Naachiyar, and Subbulakshmi know about. Kulasekharan is aware of this, and he tries to find out the secret by filing a case against Subbulakshmi, citing that she is not Ayyaa's legal wife. The case is resolved after Ayyaa explains to the judge in private why he married Subbulakshmi, and he wins the case. Angry and humiliated, Kulasekharan ponders over Ayyaa and Subbulakshmi's secret.

Previously, Kulasekharan's father, Thavasi, had remarried because he lost his first wife. This was under the decision of the Ayyaa (village head) of the time, Ramachandra Raghunath's father, considering that Kulasekharan and Naachiyar were motherless. The stepmother, Bhagyalakshmi, was a kind and loving woman who never harboured any hatred towards Kulasekharan, but Kulasekharan felt that with his stepmother and her newborn baby, Naachiyar and Thavasi were not the same as before. On the other hand, Naachiyar loved her stepmother and stepsister. Feeling like an outcast, Kulasekharan never let Bhagyalakshmi's baby lie in Naachiyar's cradle and refused to let Bhagyalakshmi touch him. At one point, he tried to kill her and her baby using a gas spray. Seeing that things were going out of hand, Ayyaa called for arbitration and stated that Kulasekharan should stay with him until Bhagyalakshmi's child had grown up. However, Bhagyalakshmi refused this judgement, saying that the family did not need to be separate because of her, and she would go far away from them due to the never-ending hatred. She left and was never seen again.

Kulasekharan thinks that Bhagyalakshmi's daughter could be Subbulakshmi since she and Naachiyar are very close, like sisters. This is unusual because if two women were to share the same husband, there would likely be a lot of jealousy and enmity among the wives. Kulasekharan questions Naachiyar about this. Later, he asks Subbulakshmi about who she is. She faints, and Kulasekharan takes her to the hospital. After Subbulakshmi wakes up, Ayyaa tells Kulasekharan the dark secret behind his marriage.

Kulasekharan poisons Subbulakshmi's food, which she eats. Her doctor realises she is poisoned but only tells Selvakannan. He goes to get the cure, which is a rare herb in the forest. Despite some difficulties, Selvakannan gets the cure, and Subbulakshmi is saved.

Ayyaa's brother's children, Santhanapandi, Seenipandi, and Virumandi, return to the village. They had been banished from the village 30 years ago for committing a crime. They try to do things against Ayyaa, such as surrounding the public well with a wall so people cannot get water to drink. They also have plans to destroy Ayya's family to take his place.

After receiving medicine from her son-in-law Selvakannan, Subbulakshmi is cured. Her youngest daughter Charu gets a proposal, but there is a conflict between the groom's side and the bride's side. The groom's side is accepting of the proposal, but they are not satisfied because Kulasekharan threatens to have the marriage not take place, causing the family to be depressed and upset. Charu refuses to talk to Aravindan due to the problems they are facing. Aravindan is in love with Charu and plans to get her at any cost, so he joins with Kulasekharan for help. Kulasekharan gives him the idea to rape Charu. One night, when no one is at home except Charu, Aravindan rapes her, and she faints. Subbulakshmi sees this, grabs a knife, and stabs Aravindan. However, both Subbulakshmi and Aravindan manage to escape. The next day, the people in the village find Aravindan's dead body lying in the middle of a path and inform the police and Ayyaa. The groom's side thinks that Ayyaa's side killed their son. They keep searching for Subbulakshmi, but she is nowhere to be found, and they plan to publish this in the newspaper.

Ganga is pregnant with twins, and she learns about how her mother went missing. She eventually finds out where her mother is and gets injured by a gang. The person who is threatening Ganga is Vandana, who is trying to destroy Ganga. Ganga is taken to the hospital by Selvakannan, as he was searching for her and had found her on the ground with life-threatening injuries. The doctors request Selvakannan for the operation to save Ganga and their children, and everyone survives. However, Vandana hires a nurse to kill the twin babies without anyone noticing. The doctor tells the bad news to Selvakannan, but not Ganga.

Selvakannan is upset and wants to save his wife from depression, but he does not know what to do. He runs into his old classmate Kokila and tells her what happened. She feels sorry for him and gives him her youngest child, who had been born recently. They promise to not leak the secret as Kokila is very poor due to her husband's drinking habits. Selvakannan decides to pay for Kokila's children's education to help. Selvakannan takes the baby to the hospital and puts it where the twins were. Ganga regains consciousness and is happy to see the baby, but is sad that her other baby died. She thinks that the baby is hers, as Selvakannan wants her to think. Vandana is suspicious of this and tries to find out. Ganga comes home with the baby, and Charu gets pregnant with Aravindan's baby. None of Ganga's family members tells her about Charu and what happened to her.

A minister in the next village finds Subbulakshmi's picture published in the newspaper and calls the number given. He says that he found Subbulakshmi in his village. Unfortunately, it is Kulasekharan who answers the call. He lies to Ayyaa that someone called, and runs to the village to meet the minister. He brainwashes the minister into thinking that his people want to kill Subbulakshmi, and hides from Ayyaa and the family. Ganga meets the minister and asks him to tell her if he knows Subbulakshmi's whereabouts. At Kulasekharan's request, the minister does not tell the truth to Ganga.

Subbulakshmi is held in the police station for murdering Aravindan in her village, and she doesn't tell them who she is and where she is from. The police take her to jail. Kulasekharan knows her whereabouts and hires a jailer to kill Subbulakshmi. The plan succeeds, but Ayyaa finds out Subbulakshmi's location from a policeman and runs to the jail. Subbulakshmi faints from bleeding from her hand, which the jailer had cut with a sharp blade. Subbulakshmi is taken to the hospital, followed by Ayyaa. Ayyaa tells the family, and they come to the hospital. His son Karthik hates Subbulakshmi, as he was asked by Kulasekharan to kill her. Naachiyar is cautious, knowing that Karthik will kill Subbulakshmi in some way. Since Subbulakshmi has not regained consciousness, Karthik tries to kill Subbulakshmi by removing her oxygen cap, but she is rescued by Naachiyar. Naachiyar slaps her son and reveals their dark secret.

The dark secret is that Naachiyar is not the biological mother of Karthik. His biological mother is Subulakshmi. Naachiyar adopted him as her own in order to protect him and his mother from her brother Kulashekaran's wrath as he would have been more enraged against them if he knew Subulaksmi gave birth to Ayyaa's firstborn son. Karthik does not believe the secret and is convinced that Naachiyar is lying. Naachiyar takes Karthik to the delivery doctor and he learns the truth that Subulakshmi gave birth to him and handed him over to Naachiyar. Karthik is very upset and goes over to Kulasekharan. Kulasekharan refuses to accept that Karthik is his son-in-law and separates Karthik and Ilavanji. Kulasekharan takes Ilavanji to his house and leaves her there. Ilavanji and Karthik had missed each other, and they are sad that they cannot live together anymore.

Karthik angrily kidnaps Ramma on the day of the baby shower. Ramma is in pain to deliver her baby. Karthik feels bad and calls Ilavanji to bring a delivery lady to the place. The delivery lady comes, and Ramma gives birth to a baby boy. Karthik feels both happy and guilty about kidnapping Ramma. Ramma forgives him, and he accepts her as his sister. Ilavanji goes to Ayyaa's place and tells the news. Everyone is angry with Karthik's behaviour, refusing to look at his face. Ilavanji begs Ayyaa to forgive Karthik, and Karthik thinks he can join the family if he does good for them. However, he cannot bear up about his real mother and does not know what to do.

One of Vandana's mental brothers escapes from a gang and falls into the well while Karthik is thinking about his mother and his wife. He sees this and chases him. Karthik rescues the mental brother, and he learns from him that Subbulakshmi did not kill Aravindan; someone else killed him and escaped. Then the mental brother took Karthik to where he heard the news. Karthik calls Ilavanji to give the phone to Ayyaa so he can listen to what is happening. Karthik confronts the gang, and they tell him the truth about what happened to Aravindan that day.

Karthik is shocked to hear that Aravindan was dating a gang member's sister, Bhuvana, whom he cheated on. Bhuvana committed suicide by drinking poison. This angered her brother Lakshmipathy, who wanted to take revenge on Aravindan. That day, Subbulakshmi pierced Aravindan, and he escaped and ran to the gang for help. Lakshmipathy kills Aravindan by throwing a huge rock over his head. After hearing the truth, Ayyaa tells the police. Karthik is knocked down by a member of the gang. They carry him to the van and are ready to escape, but the police and Ayyaa find them and rescue Karthik. A member of the gang pulls a gun from the policeman's pocket and shoots Karthik. He is arrested and put in jail. Karthik, who is in a serious condition, is taken to the hospital. Ayyaa gets Subbulakshmi released from jail and they go to the hospital. The doctors find it hard to save Karthik as his health is at a risky stage. Karthik is happy to accept Subbulakshmi as his mother. Everyone is very sad and cries as Karthik knows he is going to die.

After seeing his mother, Karthik miraculously survives. He asks Subbulakshmi to meet Aravindan's family so they can learn the truth and convince them to accept Charu. Subbulakshmi goes there, confronts them, and tells them the truth about Aravindan. Aravindan's mother knows that her son is bad, and she tells her husband the truth about Aravindan. He feels shame and visits Ayyaa's house to seek forgiveness. Aravindan's family asks for Charu, since Charu refuses to go there. Karthik pleads with Charu to see Aravindan, as he wants to ask for forgiveness for the miserable mistakes he made in her life. Charu feels bad and does not see his face, and cries in the house. Charu is accepted to be daughter-in-law for Aravindan's family.

Selvakannan faces a trouble with Kokila's husband Rathnan. Kokila refuses to let her husband know about the baby. However, drunkard Rathnan finds out and blackmails Selvakannan for ransom to keep the secret. Ganga finds what is happening between Selvakannan and Kokila suspicious, as she appoints her as a servant. Rathnan comes into the house to reveal the truth, but Ganga knows who he and Kokila are. She calls everyone to the hall and begins to tell the truth about Rathnan, Kokila and the baby. She insists that Kokila take the baby back. Selvakannan feels guilty for not telling Ganga the truth and asks her for forgiveness. She accepts him as she says Selvakannan wants her to be happy after all. Kokila and Rathnan walk out of the house with the baby. In the end, Ganga and Selvakannan get along well, and they are happy.

Kulasekeran comes with his wife Mutharasi to Ayyaa's house to take Ilavanji, as he does not want her to be with Karthik. Mutharasi refuses to take her daughter. She argues with him and makes him remove her marriage chain. Karthik and Ilvanji become a couple again. Kulasekharan challenges to destroy Ayyaa and his family with upcoming master plans.

Ayyaa catches Vandana and her mother mixing poison into the food. Subbulakshmi and Kulasekharan stop everyone from eating the food. Kulasekharan turns over a new leaf, and everyone takes family photos and is happy.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Ramya Krishnan]] as Gangadevi Selvakannan; Subbulakshmi and Ayyaa's eldest daughter and wife of Selvakannan
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Rajaramachandra Raghunath, also known as Ayyaa. He is Karthik, Saravanan, Ganga, Ramaa and Charu's father and the husband of Naachiyar and Subbulakshmi.
* [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] as Sundharavalli Naachiyar; Kulasekharan's sister, Subbulakshmi's half-sister and Ayyaa's first wife, Karthik's adopted mother, Saravanan's mother.
* [[Manju Bhargavi]] as Subbulakshmi. She is Kulasekharan and Naachiyar's half-sister, Ayya's second wife, and the mother of Karthik, Ganga, Ramaa and Charu.
* [[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishna Kumar]] and [[Sai Kiran]] as Selvakannan; Ganga's husband and collector of Thanjavur

===Supporting===
* [[GK (art director)|GK]] as Kulasekharan and Thavasi. Kulasekharan is Naachiyar's brother, Subbulakshmi's half-brother, Mutharasi's husband, and the father of Jeyachandran and Ilavanji. He hates Subbulakshmi and wouldn't hesitate to do anything to destroy Subbulakshmi and her daughters
* [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] as Muttharasi Kulasekharan; Kulasekharan's wife, Ayyaa's sister and the mother of Jeyachandran and Ilavanji
* Pollachi Babu as Karthik; Ayyaa and Subbulakshmi's son and Ilavanji's husband
* [[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]] as Ilavanji; Kulasekharan's daughter and Karthik's wife
* [[Joyson]] and Kurinji Nathan as Saravanan; Ayyaa and Naachiyar's son and Vadivu's husband
*Varsha Mohammed as Shanmugavadivu, also known as Vadivu, who is Saravanan's wife
* Lakshmiraj as Jayachandran; Kulasekharan's son and Ramaa's husband
* [[Sandra Amy]] and [[Sridevi Ashok]] as Ramaadevi, also known as Ramaa, who is Subbulakshmi's second daughter
* Jyothi as Charulatha, also known as Charu, who is Subbulakshmi's youngest daughter
* Vijay as Aravindan, Charu's ex-fiancée, future baby father
* Vandhana Michael as Vandana Chellapandi. She is Avudaiammal and Chellapandi's daughter.
* [[Vijay Krishnaraj]] as Shanmugam
* [[T. S. B. K. Moulee]] as Satyamoorthy
* T.Durai Raj as Vijayan
* [[Swarnamalya]] as Naagarani
* Vellai Subbaiah as Pillaivazh, Ayyaa's assistant
* [[Shanthi Williams]] as Avudaiammal, who is Vandana, Santhanapandiyan, Sakkaraipandiyan and Virumandi's mother, and Ayya's elder sister-in-law
* [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]] as Dhanam, Santhanapandian's wife
* Sukran as Cheenisami Pandi
* [[Santhana Bharathi]] as Santhanapandi, who is Avudaiammal and Chellapandi's son, and the brother of Cheenipandi, Virumandi and Vandana
* Isaac Varkees as Shenbagapandian, Vadivu's brother
* Gayathri Shastry as Kokila; Selvakannan's classmate who gave her baby child to Selvakannan, whose babies died because of Vandana
* Bhavya Kala as Manimeghalai, Selvakannan's cousin
* [[Abhishek Shankar]] as Rathnan, Kokila's husband
* Sumathi Shree as Mangaiyarkarasi, also known as Mangai, Ilavanji's gangmate
* Manush as Vishwanathan, also known as Vishwa, Mangai's son and Ganga's friend
* Apser Babu as Rathnavel, Selvakannan's father
* Jaya Rekha as Karpagam, Selvakannan's mother
*Divya Krishnan as Bhuvana, Lakshmipathy's sister who died because Aravindan cheated on her
* Mahesh Prabha as Lakshmipathy, who killed Aravindan
* Vijayalaksmi as Raasammah, Karpagam's sister
* Vijayachandrika as the grandmother of Vadivu and Shenbagapandi
* [[Senthilnathan]] as the father-in-law of Vetrimaran
* Rajkumar Manoharan as Vetrimaran
*[[Raveena Daha]] as small girl (Cameo)

===Special appearance===
* [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana Ranjini]] as Kuchalambal

==Promotion==
In March 2010, the production team collaborated with [[Godrej Group|Godrej's]] Cinthol soap to promote the series with a competition. The winner was a college student G Vidya from [[Coimbatore]], who was offered a role in the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/26/tv-tamil-meet-the-golden-girl-in-thangam.htm|title=Meet the golden girl in Thangam|website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref>

==Remakes==
The series was remade in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] as ''Bangara'', starring [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film actress [[Rathi Arumugam|Rathi]] as the female lead, and was broadcast on [[Udaya TV]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/may/07/slide-show-1-south-tv-no-one-like-vinaya-prasad.htm|title='Singer Vijay Prakash's journey to success was interesting'|website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> The series was also remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Aparanji'', broadcast on [[Gemini TV]], starring [[Suhasini (Telugu actress)|Suhasini]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Bonding-on-screen/article15598446.ece|title=Bonding on Screen|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Reception==
A woman named Kashawwa Rudrappa Badelapannavar of [[Basapur]] village in [[Bailhongal]] taluk, a keen viewer of the remade series ''Bangara,'' died of a cardiac arrest when lead character Kaveri, her favourite character, got into trouble.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/pseb-8th-result-2020-date-and-time-punjab-board-to-declare-class-8-result-at-pseb-ac-in-2557985.html|title=Karnataka: Death due to serial shock|website=News18}}</ref>

In December 2009, film distributor K S Geetha filed a case against Thangam for stopping its telecast and dubbing claiming them of copyright infringement in the storyline which she had the rights bought from [[Kutty Padmini]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dubbing of Tamil serial 'Thangam' banned|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2009/dec/15/dubbing-of-tamil-serial-thangam-banned-113043.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611171149/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2009/dec/15/dubbing-of-tamil-serial-thangam-banned-113043.html|archive-date=11 June 2021|website=The New Indian Express |date=15 May 2012 }}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable" width="80%"
|- bgcolor="blue"
!style="width:15pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Year
!style="width:250pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Award
!style="width:170pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Category
!style="width:100pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Recipient
!style="width:80pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Role
!style="width:30pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Result
|-
| rowspan="9" | 2010
| rowspan="9" | [[Sun Kudumbam Awards 2010]]
| Best Actor
| KK
| Selvakannan
| {{Nom}}
|-
| [[Sun Kudumbam Best Actress Award|Best Actress]]
| [[Ramya Krishnan]]
| Ganga
| {{Nom}}
|-
| [[Sun Kudumbam Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]]
| [[Ramya Krishnan]]
| Ganga
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Father
| [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]
| Ayyaa
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Mother
| [[Manju Bhargavi]]
| Subbulakshmi
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Sister
| [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
| Mutharasi
| {{Nom}}
|-
| [[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal for Best Mamiyar|Best Mamiyar]]
| [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
| Naachiyar
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Male Villain
| GK
| Kulasekharan
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Female Villain
| Kaveri
| Ilavanji
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2012
| rowspan="10" | [[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal|Sun Kudumbam Awards 2012]]
| [[Best Comedian Male]]
| Pollachi Babu
| Karthik
| {{Nom}}
|-
| [[Dubbing Artis Male]]
| Vasu
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Pollachi Babu
| Karthik
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Brother
| Pollachi Babu
| Karthik
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Sister
| [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
| Mutharasi
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Father
| [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]
| Ayyaa
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Mother
| [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
| Naachiyar
| {{Nom}}
|-
| [[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal for Best Mamiyar|Best Mamiyar]]
| Jayarekha
| Karpagam
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Mamanar
|
| Rathanavelu
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Director
| B. Nakkeeran
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017
| rowspan="3" | [[Tamil Nadu State Television Awards]]
| Best Character Artistes Female
| [[Seema (actress)|Seema]]
| Naachiyar
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Screenwriter
| S. Ashok Kumar
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Dubbing Artistes Male
| Balu Kathiravan
|
| {{Won}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of programs broadcast by Sun TV]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220928/http://www.suntvnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=1&channelname=SUN%20TV&LanguageID=1&Type=q Official website] {{in lang|en}}

{{Sun TV shows}}

{{Works by Vision Time Tamil}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2000s Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language television series endings]]

PTron

2026-03-25T14:51:13Z

Sergdxx: rework layout and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian Electronics company}}
{{Notability|1=Companies|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = PTron
| logo = PTron logo.svg
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2014}}
| founder = Ameen Khwaja<ref name="plansunit"/><ref name="50crsales"/>
| location = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| area_served = India, United States, Canada, Italy, Romania, Indonesia, Malaysia, Tunisia, Fiji, Myanmar, Nepal, Colombia, Bangladesh, Ghana<ref>{{cite news |title=PTron partners with US-based mobile accessories distributor |url=https://www.btvi.in/industry/ptron-partners-with-us-based-mobile-accessories-distributor/91713 |accessdate=29 October 2019 |work=[[BTVI]]}}</ref>
| key_people = Palem Srikanth Reddy (Chairman), Ameen Khwaja (Founder / CEO), Harish Naidu (Director)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.palred.com/leadership_team.html | title=Leadership Team | publisher=Paired | accessdate=21 February 2020 }}</ref>
| brands =
| industry = [[Electronics]]
| predecessor =
| products = Electronic accessories<ref name="offnetwork"/>
| owner =
| num_employees = 200+
| parent = Palred Electronics
| divisions =
| subsid =
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INR}}34.55 crore (Q2 FY 2020-21)<ref name="q2fy21">{{cite news |title=Palred Tech reports ₹1.50 crore PAT as pTron brand boosts revenues |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/palred-tech-reports-150-crore-pat-as-ptron-brand-boosts-revenues/article33123652.ece |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=Business Line |language=en}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://www.ptron.in}}
}}

'''PTron''' (pronounced as P-Tron) is an Indian [[electronics manufacturer]], headquartered in [[Hyderabad]]. PTron is a brand owned by Palred Electronics Private Limited, which is a subsidiary of Palred Technologies Ltd, a public-listed company on BSE and NSE since 2004. PTron sells products like [[Bluetooth headset]]s, portable Bluetooth speakers, wired headsets, [[Battery charger|charger]]s and [[Electrical cable|cable]]s, [[smart watches]] and networking products.

==History and operations==
PTron was founded in 2014 by Ameen Khwaja, CEO of Palred Electronics (a subsidiary of Palred Technologies). In 2015, it opened an office in [[Shenzhen]], [[China]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Overseas foray: PTron hopes to crack US market for mobile parts|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/overseas-foray-ptron-hopes-to-crack-us-market-for-mobile-parts/article24635879.ece |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=[[Business Line]]}}</ref> and began manufacturing products from there. In its first two years of launch, the company claimed to have recorded {{INR}}50 crore in sales, (as of 2019, equals US$7.04 million) having sold more than one million products.<ref name="50crsales">{{cite news |title=Mobile Accessories Brand PTron Records Rs 50 cr in Sales |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/mobile-accessories-brand-ptron-records-rs-50-cr-in-sales-1541019.html |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=[[News18]]}}</ref> As of 2019, the company has sold over 5 million mobile accessories including [[headphones]], [[bluetooth]] audio devices, [[smartwatch]]es and [[power bank]]s.<ref name="50crsales"/><ref name="plansunit"/><ref>{{cite news |title=PTron crosses Rs 50 cr in sales |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ptron-crosses-rs-50-cr-sales |accessdate=29 October 2019 |work=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref> The company initially sold products through its retail platform LatestOne, before expanding to other e-commerce platforms such as [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], [[Flipkart]] and [[Snapdeal]].<ref name="plansunit">{{cite news |title=PTron plans unit in Hyderabad |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ptron-plans-unit-hyderabad |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Palred Technology Services Pvt Ltd Signs An Agreement With Amazon India To Sell Xmate Brand Of Products |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/announcements/others/palred-technologies-limited-palred-technology-services-pvt-ltd-signs-an-agreement-with-amazon-india-to-sell-xmate-brand-of-products/article27193107.ece |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=[[Business Line]]}}</ref>

As of 2019, PTron sells its products in various countries such as [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Italy]], [[Myanmar]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Israel]] and [[Indonesia]].<ref name="plansunit"/> According to Khwaja, [[Hyderabad]], [[Chennai]] and [[Delhi]] are the major markets for the company within India, while selling products through more than 1000 offline stores in other cities.<ref name="plansunit"/><ref>{{cite news |title=PTron Appoints Mojo International as its Exclusive Distributor for North India |url=http://digitalterminal.in/news/ptron-appoints-mojo-international-asits-exclusive-distributor-for-north-india/15019.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225080652/http://digitalterminal.in/news/ptron-appoints-mojo-international-asits-exclusive-distributor-for-north-india/15019.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 February 2019 |accessdate=29 October 2019 |work=Digital Terminal}}</ref> By 2018, the company had more than 40 distributors in 12 states in India.<ref name="offnetwork">{{cite news |title=Mobile accessories brand PTron expands offline network in India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/mobile-accessories-brand-ptron-expands-offline-network-in-india/articleshow/64670920.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>

In August 2019, PTron announced its plans to set up an assembly plant in Hyderabad (under [[Make in India]])<ref>{{cite news |title=Ptron : Poised to Become A Global Brand |url=http://smeworld.asia/Interviews.aspx?Interviews=Interv-245/ptron---poised-to-become--a-global-brand#.XbnXWFQzbIW |accessdate=31 October 2019 |work=SME World}}</ref> which is expected to handle two-thirds of its manufacturing requirements.<ref name="plansunit"/> In October 2019, PTron launched Bass Buds TWS (True Wireless Stereo) earbuds which sold over 10,000 units within the first three days.<ref>{{cite news |title=PTron Bass Buds Achieves Massive Success on Launch |url=https://www.asianage.com/technology/gadgets/041019/ptron-bass-buds-achieves-massive-success-on-launch.html |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=The Asian Age |date=4 October 2019}}</ref> In August 2020, the company signed up Bollywood actor [[Aparshakti Khurana]] to endorse the brand.<ref>{{cite news |title=pTron ropes in Aparshakti Khurana for its brand campaign |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/ptron-ropes-in-aparshakti-khurana-for-its-brand-campaign/2070598/ |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=The Financial Express |date=31 August 2020}}</ref> PTron registered sales of 7.87 lakh units in the second quarter of FY 2020–21, up from 2.67 lakh units in the first quarter.<ref name="q2fy21"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Palred Technologies Registers 151% YoY Growth, Reports Profits In Q1 FY21 |url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Palred-Technologies-Registers-151-YoY-Growth-Reports-Profits-In-Q1-FY21/02-09-2020-315735/ |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BW Businessworld |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad-based Palred Technologies reports Rs 1.5 cr profit |url=https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-based-palred-technologies-reports-rs-1-5-cr-profit |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=Telangana Today |date=17 November 2020}}</ref> In July 2021, [[Pooja Hegde]] signed as new brand ambassador.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/pooja-hegde-roped-brand-ambassador-ptron/ | title=Pooja Hegde roped in as the Brand Ambassador of pTron : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=16 July 2021 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links ==
*[https://www.ptron.in Official website]

[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Telangana]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]

Love 360

2026-03-24T16:20:19Z

Sergdxx: creating new stub

{{Short description|Kannada film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Love 360
| image = Love 360.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Shashank (director)|Shashank]]
| writer = Shashank
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = Praveen Kumar [[Rachana Inder]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Abilash Kalathi
| editing = Giri Mahesh
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|2022|8|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Love 360''''' is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[crime thriller film]] directed by [[Shashank (director)|Shashank]] starring debutant Praveen Kumar and [[Rachana Inder]]. This movie is inspired from a 2009 released Korean movie [[Mother (2009 film)|Mother]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=Love 360 struggles at box office; director-producer Shashank requests moviegoers to 'save' his film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/love-360-struggles-at-box-office-director-producer-shashank-requests-moviegoers-to-save-his-film/f22509494b678 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824023024/https://www.ottplay.com/news/love-360-struggles-at-box-office-director-producer-shashank-requests-moviegoers-to-save-his-film/f22509494b678 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref>

The film released on 19 August 2022 and received rave reviews from critics.

== Plot ==
Ram and Janaki alias Jaanu are childhood friends from orphanage, who grow up to become the most doting lovers. Jaanu actually suffers from [[Selective amnesia|Selective Memory Loss]], and Ram tries to improve her mental condition, and also protect her from anyone with utmost passion. Jaanu becomes interested in [[Bharatanatyam]], and Ram somehow gets her admitted to the school.

However, things take a disastrous turn when Jaanu is accused of killing her classmate Vibha, a rich girl. Ram begins his investigation and suspect Vibha's boyfriend Vicky, a drug peddler, and brings him to the interrogation room. Vicky reveals that Vibha planned to get her father killed in order to inherit his wealth, as her father was having an extramarital affair with another woman, but Vicky backed out of this idea, which leads to breakup between them.

Later, Ram meets Vicky's friend, who tells that he was the reason behind Vicky and Vibha's breakup. When Vicky left, Jaanu arrived to apologize to Vibha for a fight happened in the class. However, Vibha doesn't pay a heed and calls her "mental" which enrages Jaanu and kills Vibha by crushing her skull with a rock. Ram gets distraught after learning this. Later, Vicky's friend tells that he can help him save Jaanu, in exchange for sex. Enraged, Ram kills Vicky's friend and throws in the sea, and manages to frame Vicky in the murder. Jaanu is released and Ram finally moves with Jaanu to their new house.

== Cast ==
*Praveen Kumar as Raam aka ''Mr. Perfect 360''
*[[Rachana Inder]] as Janaki aka Jaanu
*Gopalakrishna Deshpande as [[Inspector of Police|police inspector]]
*Kavya Shastri as Shilpa
*Sukanya Girish
*Danny Kuttappa
*Mahantesh Hiremath
*Sujith

== Production ==
Newcomer Praveen makes his film debut with this film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=16 August 2022 |title=My only thought was to make the right kind of entry: Sandalwood actor Praveen |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/aug/16/my-only-thought-was-to-make-the-right-kind-of-entry-sandalwood-actorpraveen-2487838.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824022839/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/aug/16/my-only-thought-was-to-make-the-right-kind-of-entry-sandalwood-actorpraveen-2487838.html |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=17 August 2022 |title='It took time for me to understand the character I play in Love 360' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2022/aug/17/it-took-time-for-me-to-understand-the-character-i-play-in-love-360-33810.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824023215/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2022/aug/17/it-took-time-for-me-to-understand-the-character-i-play-in-love-360-33810.html |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music by [[Arjun Janya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Love 360 - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/love-360/KNxylHPNbqE_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |access-date=10 October 2023 |date=26 February 2022}}</ref> The song "Jagave Neenu Gelathiye" is sung by [[Sid Sriram]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kodur |first=Swaroop |date=19 August 2022 |title=Love 360 movie review: Director Shashank's tale of love and crime is engaging but with its share of lapses |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/love-360-movie-review-director-shashanks-tale-of-love-and-crime-is-engaging-but-with-its-share-of-lapses/21ddada4ee297 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824050936/https://www.ottplay.com/review/love-360-movie-review-director-shashanks-tale-of-love-and-crime-is-engaging-but-with-its-share-of-lapses/21ddada4ee297 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[HT Media|OTT Play]]}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
| name = Love 360
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:58
| language = Kannada
| label = Anand Audio
| producer =
| chronology = Arjun Janya
| prev_title = [[Gaalipata 2]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Shiva 143]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|4sww-f1Xysk|Love 360 – Jukebox}}}}
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jagave Neenu Gelathiye
| length1 = 4:10
| lyrics1 = [[Shashank (director)|Shashank]]
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| title2 = Sakhiye Saavarisu
| length2 = 4:07
| lyrics2 = Shashank
| extra2 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| title3 = Bhorgaredu
| length3 = 2:21
| lyrics3 = Shashank
| extra3 = Keerthan Holla
| title4 = Jajaang Jaang
| length4 = 3:20
| lyrics4 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| extra4 = Arjun Janya
| total_length = 13:58
}}

== Reception ==
''Love 360'' received positive reviews from critics.

Shuklaji of ''[[The News Minute]]'' said that "''Love 360'' is a commendable take on the idea of virtues, and how true love transcends all".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shuklaji |date=19 August 2022 |title=Love 360 review: An intriguing tale of love that deserved finer nuance |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/love-360-review-intriguing-tale-love-deserved-finer-nuance-167015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824023214/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/love-360-review-intriguing-tale-love-deserved-finer-nuance-167015 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Jagadish Angadi of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' opined that "The romantic thriller is a one-time watch along with family members".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jagadish Angadi |date=20 August 2022 |title='Love 360' review: An intense love story |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/love-360-review-an-intense-love-story-1137666.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826041724/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/love-360-review-an-intense-love-story-1137666.html |archive-date=26 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Eventually, ''Love 360'' is a film that works because of its second half and the twists, irrespective of whether it may be inspired or not".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Sunayana |date=19 August 2022 |title=Love 360 Movie Review: A story about love that encompasses all feelings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/love-360/movie-review/93655215.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820063945/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/love-360/movie-review/93655215.cms |archive-date=20 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' praised several aspects of the film including Shashank's direction, the actors' performance, the music and the cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=20 August 2022 |title='Love 360' review: Shashank's new film is all about newness |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/aug/20/love-360-review-shashanks-new-film-is-all-about-newness-2489252.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824023213/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/aug/20/love-360-review-shashanks-new-film-is-all-about-newness-2489252.html |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film completed 35 days run in many centres across Karnataka and was declared as a commercial success at the box office.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15295240}}

{{Shashank}}

[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arjun Janya]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shashank]]

Swachh Bharat Mission

2026-03-24T08:14:18Z

Sergdxx: brief correct page based on references and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian campaign to eliminate open defecation}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup reorganize|date=January 2026}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2026}}
{{Citation style|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox project
| logo = Swachh Bharat Mission Logo.svg
| image = PM Modi launches the Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (1).jpg
| logo_alt = (Swachh Pakistan Mission)
| caption = [[Narendra Modi]] speaking at the launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission
| slogan = One step towards cleanliness
| launched = {{Start date and age|2014|10|02|df=y}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| key_people = [[Parameswaran Iyer]], [[Narendra Modi]] (Prime Minister)
| current_status = Phase 1 completed, Phase 2 launched<ref>{{Cite web|title=Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase 2 launched with an outlay of Rs 1.4 lakh crore|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/swachh-bharat-mission-grameen-phase-2-launched-with-an-outlay-of-rs-1-4-lakh-crore-5423831.htm|access-date=2020-12-21|website=cnbctv18.com|date=4 March 2020|language=en-US}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://swachhbharatmission.ddws.gov.in/}}
| name = Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
}}
'''Swachh Bharat Mission''' (SBM), '''Swachh Bharat Abhiyan''' or '''Clean India Mission''' is a country-wide campaign initiated by the [[Government of India]] on 2 October 2014 to eliminate [[open defecation]] and improve [[solid waste management]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Swachh Bharat Mission |url=https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/ |publisher=Government of India}}</ref> and to create Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages. The mission also emphasizes scientific solid waste management, including segregation, collection, processing, and disposal of municipal waste.<ref>{{cite web |title=SBM Urban 2.0 |url=https://sbmurban.org/ |publisher=Government of India}}</ref>. The program also aims to increase awareness of menstrual health management.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Lavanya |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Justice and sanitation governance: an enquiry into the implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission-Rural programme in UP, India |url=https://iwaponline.com/wp/article/25/4/379/94061/Justice-and-sanitation-governance-an-enquiry-into |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=iwaponline.com}}</ref> It is a restructured version of the '''Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan''' which was launched by the [[Government of India]] in 1999, as Total Sanitation Campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/restructuring-of-the-nirmal-bharat-abhiyan-into-swachh-bharat-mission-114092401443_1.html|title=Restructuring of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan into Swachh Bharat Mission|date=24 September 2014|via=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khanna |first=Pretika |date=9 December 2015 |title=Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan failed to achieve its desired targets: CAG |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ghYnnKN03hSqre4cwSrwqN/Nirmal-Bharat-Abhiyan-failed-to-achieve-its-desired-targets.html |website=mint |quote=The massive Total Sanitation Campaign launched by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government and carried through by his successor Manmohan Singh failed to achieve its targets and make a dent in India's sanitation status, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) said in a report.}}</ref>

A formal sanitation programme was first launched in India in 1954, followed by the Central Rural Sanitation Programme in 1986, the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in 1999 and the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in 2012.These earlier programs laid the foundation for integrated sanitation and waste management approaches, which were further expanded under the Swachh Bharat Mission.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanitation in India |url=https://mohua.gov.in/}}</ref>{{sfn|Mridula Sinha|Dr. R.K. Sinha|2016|pp=21-22}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=JMP |url=https://washdata.org/data/household#!/ind |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=washdata.org}}</ref> Phase 1 of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) lasted until 2 October 2019, and Phase 2 is being implemented between 2020–21 and 2024–25 to reinforce the achievements of Phase 1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Swachh Bharat Mission Phase II guidelines released|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/rural-water-and-sanitation/swachh-bharat-mission-phase-ii-guidelines-released-71626|access-date=2020-08-30|website=downtoearth.org.in|date=8 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Initiated by the Government of India, the mission aimed to achieve an "[[Open defecation free|open-defecation free]]" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<ref name="AFP-20181002">{{cite news |title=An Indian village's fight to take the 'poo to the loo' |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/23/indian-villages-fight-take-poo-loo-doc-19o0hb2 |agency=AFP |date=2 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003101543/https://www.afp.com/en/news/23/indian-villages-fight-take-poo-loo-doc-19o0hb2|archive-date=3 October 2018}}</ref> through construction of toilets. According to government data, approximately 90 million toilets were constructed during this period.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Swachh Bharat Mission(G)- MIS|url=https://sbm.gov.in/sbmReport/Report/Physical/SBM_TargetVsAchievementWithout1314.aspx|access-date=2021-10-13|website=sbm.gov.in}}</ref> The objectives of the first phase of the mission also included eradication of [[manual scavenging]], generating awareness and bringing about a [[Behavior change (public health)|behaviour change]] regarding [[sanitation]] practices, and augmentation of [[Capacity building|capacity]] at the local level.

The second phase of the mission aims to sustain the open defecation-free status and improve the management of solid and liquid waste, while also working to improve the lives of sanitation workers.<ref name="GoI-2020">{{Cite book|last=GoI|title=Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase 2: Operational guidelines|publisher=Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Jalshakti|year=2020}}</ref> The mission is aimed at progressing towards target 6.2 of the [[Sustainable Development Goal 6|Sustainable Development Goals Number 6]] established by the [[United Nations]] in 2015. By achieving the lowest open defecation-free status in 2019, India achieved its Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.2 health target in record time, eleven years ahead of the UN SDG target of 31 December 2030.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gera |first=Ishaan |date=2024-02-15 |title=India performs well on 85 indicators of SDG target; Asia and Pacific to take 32 years more to achieve SDG goals: UNESCAP |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/india-performs-well-on-85-indicators-of-sdg-target-asia-and-pacific-to-take-32-years-more-to-achieve-sdg-goals-unescap/articleshow/107715235.cms |access-date=2024-03-28 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

The campaign's official name is in [[Hindi]]. In English, it translates to "Clean India Mission". The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at [[Raj Ghat and associated memorials|Rajghat]], [[New Delhi]] by the Prime Minister of India [[Narendra Modi]]. It is India's largest cleanliness mission to date, with three million government employees, students and citizens from all parts of India participating in 4,043 cities, towns, and rural communities. At a rally in [[Champaran]], the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, called the campaign ''[[Satyagrah se Swachhagrah]]'' in reference to Gandhi's ''[[Champaran Satyagraha]]'' launched on 10 April 1916.<ref name="BS-April2018">{{Cite news|title=Satyagraha to Swachhagrah: Narendra Modi addresses rally in Champaran |date=10 April 2018 |newspaper=Business Standard |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/champaran-satyagraha-118041000379_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412195031/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/champaran-satyagraha-118041000379_1.html |archive-date=12 April 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The mission was split into two: rural and urban. In rural areas "SBM - Gramin" was financed and monitored through the [[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation]] (since converted to the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation under the [[Ministry of Jal Shakti]]) whereas "SBM - urban" was overseen by the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs]].<ref name="swachhbharatmission.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/sbmcms/index.htm|title=Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation|website=swachhbharatmission.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/swachh-bharat-campaign-should-become-mass-movement-narendra-modi/articleshow/42916831.cms|title=Swachh Bharat campaign should become mass movement: Narendra Modi|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-reviews-preparations-for-launch-of-mission-swachh-bharat/|title=PM reviews preparations for launch of Mission Swachh Bharat|access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Zee News">{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/swachh-bharat-pm-narendra-modi-launches-clean-india-mission_1479062.html|title=Swachh Bharat: PM Narendra Modi launches 'Clean India' mission|work=Zee News|date=2 October 2014|access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref> The rural division has a five-tier mechanism: central, state, district, block panchayat, and gram panchayat.<ref name=":0" />

The government provided a subsidy for the construction of nearly 90 million toilets between 2014 and 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/05/asia/india-modi-open-defecation-free-intl-hnk-scli/index.html|title=Half of India couldn't access a toilet 5 years ago. Modi built 110M latrines -- but will people use them?|first=Helen Regan, Manveena|last=Suri|date=6 October 2019|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="AFP-20181002"/> although some Indians, especially in rural areas, choose not to use them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://riceinstitute.org/research/changes-in-open-defecation-in-rural-north-india-2014-2018-2/|title=Changes in open defecation in rural north India: 2014 – 2018 {{!}} 231|website=riceinstitute.org|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> The campaign was criticised for using coercive approaches to force people to use toilets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/governance/swachh-bharat-mission-the-other-name-for-coercion-and-deprivation-60351|title=Swachh Bharat Mission: other name for coercion and deprivation|website=www.downtoearth.org.in|language=en|access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref> Some people were stopped from defecating in open and threatened with withdrawal from government benefits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/waste/despite-toilets-in-place-a-quarter-of-rural-population-stuck-to-open-defecation-62770|title=Despite toilets in place, a quarter of rural population stuck to open defecation|website=www.down to earth.org.in|date=10 January 2019 }}</ref>
The campaign was financed by the [[Government of India]] and state governments. The former released $5.8 billion (Rs 40,700 crore) of funds for toilet construction in 700,000 villages.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/govt-allocates-rs-40700-crore-for-waste-management-in-2-lakh-villages-under-swacch-bharat-mission/articleshow/83342990.cms|title=Govt allocates Rs 40,700 crore for waste management in 2 lakh villages under Swacch Bharat Mission|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/swacch-bharat-mission-govt-allocates-rs-40700-crore-for-waste-management-in-2-lakh-villages/articleshow/83342206.cms| title= Govt allocates Rs 40,700 crore for waste management in 2 lakh villages under Swacch Bharat Mission| website= [[The Times of India]]| date= 8 June 2021}}</ref> The total budget for the rural and urban components was estimated at $28 billion, of which 93 per cent was for construction, with the rest being allocated for behaviour change campaigns and administration.<ref name="bs">{{citation|title=MDWS Intensifies Efforts with States to Implement Swachh Bharat Mission|date=18 March 2016|url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/mdws-intensifies-efforts-with-states-to-implement-swachh-bharat-mission-116031801084_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]}} (press release)</ref><ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-02-17/news/59232518_1_india-open-defecation-swachh-bharat-abhiyan-toilets|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220014530/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-02-17/news/59232518_1_india-open-defecation-swachh-bharat-abhiyan-toilets|archive-date=20 February 2015|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan: Government builds 7.1 lakh toilets in January|work=timesofindia-economictimes}}</ref><ref name="wb" />

In 2022, approximately 157 million people in India, representing about 11% of the total population, were practising open defecation. This figure included 17% of the rural population (about 154 million) and 0.5% of the urban population (approximately 2.8 million). In comparison, in 2000, around 776 million people, or 73% of the total population, practiced open defecation, including 91% of the rural population (around 701 million) and 25.8% of the urban population (around 75 million), the WHO/UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation|Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)]] reported. Although there has been significant progress, India still has the largest number of people practising open defecation, followed by Nigeria and Ethiopia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=If you are viewing this on a mobile device, it is recommended to open the link in desktop mode for convenience and a complete view. |title=JMP |url=https://washdata.org/data/household#!/ind |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=washdata.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KASHIWASE |first=HARUNA |date=17 November 2023 |title=World Toilet Day: 420 million people are defecating outdoors |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/opendata/world-toilet-day-420-million-people-are-defecating-outdoors |access-date=12 September 2014 |website=[[world bank]]}}</ref>

According to the 2025 update by the WHO/UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation|Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)]], India's national open defecation rate declined to 7% in 2024. This progress was driven significantly by improvements in urban areas, where open defecation was reported as eliminated (0%), a decline from 0.3% in 2023. Meanwhile, the rate in rural areas fell to approximately 11%.<ref name=":2" />

{{TOC limit|3}}

==Background==
{{See also|Sanitation in India}}
[[File:People-practicing-open-defecation-of-population (1).png|center|thumb|350x350px|This chart depicts the decrease in open defecation from 2000 to 2022 in countries sharing a land border with India, alongside World Bank income classifications. According to the [[World Health Organization|WHO]]/[[UNICEF]] [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation|Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)]], as reported by [[Our World in Data]], the number of people practising open defecation fell from 62% to 33% from 2004 - 2014. About 157 million (15.7 crore), or approximately 11% of India's population, still practised [[open defecation]] in 2022.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Share of people practicing open defecation |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/people-practicing-open-defecation-of-population?tab=chart&country=MMR~BGD~IND~OWID_WRL~CHN~PAK~BTN~NPL~AFG~High-income+countries~Least+Developed+Countries~Low-income+countries~Lower-middle-income+countries |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HARUNA KASHIWASE |date=17 November 2023 |title=World Toilet Day: 420 million people are defecating outdoors |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/opendata/world-toilet-day-420-million-people-are-defecating-outdoors |access-date=21 August 2024 |website=blogs.worldbank.org}}</ref>]]

In 2011, the Census revealed that sanitation coverage, as measured by the number of households owning toilets was just 34 per cent in rural India. An estimated 600 million people defecate in the open,<ref name="Grojec">{{Cite book|editor-last=Grojec |editor-first=Anna |year=2017 |title=Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines |location=Geneva |publisher=World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) |url=https://washdata.org/report/jmp-2017-report-final |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130181554/https://washdata.org/file/571/download |archive-date=30 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> the highest of any country in the world. Coverage about [[open defecation]] and contamination of drinking and bathing water in India prompted the government to take measures to deal with the problem.<ref name="bs"/><ref name="Chaturvedi">{{Cite journal|last1=Spears|first1=Dean|last2=Ghosh|first2=Arabinda|last3=Cumming|first3=Oliver |year=2013 |title=Open Defecation and Childhood Stunting in India: An Ecological Analysis of New Data from 112 Districts |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=9|article-number=e73784 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0073784 |pmid=24066070 |pmc=3774764|bibcode=2013PLoSO...873784S|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=India has 60.4 per cent people without access to toilet: Study |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=19 November 2015 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/india-has-60-4-per-cent-people-without-access-to-toilet-study/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118010838/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/india-has-60-4-per-cent-people-without-access-to-toilet-study/ |archive-date=18 November 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Previous sanitation campaigns===
Since India's independence in 1947, there have been three rural sanitation intervention attempts before the Swachh Bharat Mission: the Central Rural Sanitation Programme, the Total Sanitation Campaign, and the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan.<ref name=":0" /> The first formal sanitation programme was first launched in 1954 as an extension of the First Five Year Plan of the Government of India. In 1982, National sanitation coverage was just 2%. This was followed by the launch of the Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986. These were directed towards the construction of toilets; no behavioural change campaign was carried out, and this supply-based approach did not result in broader social transformation. The CRSP aimed to improve the quality of life for rural people and emphasized helping rural women with privacy and dignity. Sanitation increased marginally by 9%. These were construction-led and achieved very little. The Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) was started in 1999. The TSC focused on increasing awareness around rural sanitation and informed rural populations about sanitation options specific to their living conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC): Public Health Engineering Department |url=https://megphed.gov.in/tsc.htm |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=megphed.gov.in}}</ref> The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (extension of TSC) was enacted in 2009{{sfn|Mridula Sinha|Dr. R.K. Sinha|2016|pp=21-22}}<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/namitabhandare/time-to-clean-up-your-act/article1-1274081.aspx |title=Time to clean up your act |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=25 January 2015 |archive-date=18 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818202843/http://www.hindustantimes.com/namitabhandare/time-to-clean-up-your-act/article1-1274081.aspx }}</ref><ref name="mint">{{citation |title=Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan failed to achieve its desired targets: CAG |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/ghYnnKN03hSqre4cwSrwqN/Nirmal-Bharat-Abhiyan-failed-to-achieve-its-desired-targets.html |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=16 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Salient Features of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/12/salient-features-of-nirmal-bharat-abhiyan/|work=Biharprabha News|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> to generate demand for sanitation, linked to subsidy payments for the construction of toilets by families living below the poverty line. The program focused on community-led strategies and helped households, village schools, and community centres. TSC and Nirmal Bharat Yojana used the [[Panchayati Raj in India|Panchayati Raj institutions]] for social mobilization. Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan was launched in 2012.

A limited [[randomized study]] of eighty villages in rural [[Madhya Pradesh]] showed that the TSC programme did modestly increase the number of households with [[latrines]], and had a small effect in reducing open defecation. Of the 138.2 million rural households in India (a 2001 figure), nearly 3.5 million constructed toilets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India's Total Sanitation Campaign|url=https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/case-study/total-sanitation-campaign-india|access-date=2021-10-13|website=Centre For Public Impact (CPI)|language=en}}</ref> However, there was no improvement in the health of children."<ref name="PLoS medicine">{{cite journal|last1=Patil|first1=Sumeet|last2=Arnold|first2=Benjamin|last3=Salvatore|first3=Alicia|last4=Briceno|first4=Bertha|last5=Ganguly|first5=Sandipan|last6=Colford Jr.|first6=John|last7=Gertler|first7=Paul|title=The Effect of India's Total Sanitation Campaign on Defecation Behaviors and Child Health in Rural Madhya Pradesh: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial|journal=PLOS Medicine|date=26 August 2014|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001709|pmid=25157929|volume=11|issue=8|pmc=4144850|article-number=e1001709 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=An Open Letter in response to the World Development Report 2019|date=18 March 2015|url=http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/blog/open-letter-response-world-development-report-2015|access-date=23 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104415/http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/blog/open-letter-response-world-development-report-2015}}</ref> The earlier "Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan" rural sanitation program was hampered by the unrealistic approach. Lack of strong political will, lack of political leadership and lack of a behaviour change approach among the people also contributed to the failure of the projects.<ref>[http://www.irc.nl/page/103 IRC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408090411/http://www.irc.nl/page/103 |date=8 April 2014 }}:[http://www.irc.nl/page/35966 India: Unrealistic approach hampers rural sanitation programme] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005020454/http://www.irc.nl/page/35966 |date=5 October 2008 }}, 1 June 2007</ref><ref>Benny George, [http://www.vri-online.org.uk/ijrs/April2009/incentivising%20sanitation%20coverage%20in%20rural%20india.pdf Nirmal Gram Puraskar: A Unique Experiment in Incentivising Sanitation Coverage in Rural India], International Journal of Rural Studies (IJRS), Vol. 16, No. 1, April 2009</ref> Consequently, Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan was restructured by Cabinet approval on 24 September 2014 as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=109988|title=Restructuring of the Nirmal USA Abhiyan into Swachh Bharat Mission|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2017-06-12}}</ref>

The rural household toilet coverage in India increased from 1% in 1981 to 11% in 1991, to 22% in 2001, to 32.7% in 2011.{{sfn|Mridula Sinha|Dr. R.K. Sinha|2016|p=22}} On 15 August 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi from the Red Fort in Delhi called on the public to pay tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th birth anniversary by devoting to a clean India. Narendra Modi was the first Prime Minister to take up the Clean India Movement on a massive scale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/trendsetters-shaped-indias-massive-sanitation-campaign/|title=How Trendsetters Shaped India's Massive Sanitation Campaign}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alternatives-humanitaires.org/en/2022/11/29/clean-india-why-the-undeniable-success-of-the-swachh-bharat-mission-does-not-signal-the-end-of-open-defecation/|title="Clean India": why the undeniable success of the Swachh Bharat Mission does not signal the end of open defecation - Alternatives Humanitaires|date=29 November 2022}}</ref> Before the launch of Swachh India, 38.4% of rural households had toilets in 2013–14, 43.8% in 2014–15, 51.6% in 2015–16, 65.4% in 2016–17, 84.3% in 2017–18, 98.5% in 2018–19, and 98.5% in 2019–20. 100% toilet facilities are constructed.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://prsindia.org/theprsblog/seven-years-of-swachh-bharat-mission|title=Seven years of Swachh Bharat Mission|website=PRS Legislative Research}}</ref>

{{Graph:Chart|type=line
|width=500
|height=350
|showSymbols=yes
|colors=red
|yGrid =
|x= 1980,1991,2001, 2011, 2013-14, 2014-15,2015-16,2016-17,2017-18,2018-19,2019-20
|y1 = 1, 11, 22, 32.7, 38.4, 43.8, 51.6, 65.4, 84.3, 98.5, 100
}}
Sources: Dashboard of SBM (Gramin), Ministry of Jal Shakti; PRS.

{{Vertical bar chart|color_12=blue|type=SBM budget (2014–2022)|14-15|2850|15-16|6525|16-17|10500|17-18|16948.27|18-19|23716.23|19-20|11938.22|20-21|6000|21-22|6000|note={{legend|#88c2cc|Funds earmarked for Swachh Bharat (Gramin) Scheme, written reply by Shri Prahalad Singh Patel, Minister of State for Jal Shakti in Rajya Sabha on 06 February 2023<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1896668|title=Progress Details of Swachh Bharat Mission|website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref>}}}}

The National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey of India reported that 96.5% of rural households in India had toilets. in a 2019–2020 report, the number was reduced to 1.4% or 19 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Clean (Sampoorna Swachh) India |url=https://www.unicef.org/india/what-we-do/ending-open-defecation |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin |url=http://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/sbmcms/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016115956/http://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/sbmcms/index.htm |archive-date=16 October 2018 |access-date=15 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Over 83 9 million toilets constructed under Swachh Bharat Mission |publisher=UNI India |url=http://www.uniindia.com/over-83-9-million-toilets-constructed-under-swachh-bharat-mission/india/news/1350692.html |url-status=live |access-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915144134/http://www.uniindia.com/over-83-9-million-toilets-constructed-under-swachh-bharat-mission/india/news/1350692.html |archive-date=15 September 2018}}</ref> Since 2014, the Government of India, has made remarkable strides in reaching the Open Defecation Free targets. 36 states and union territories, 706 districts and over 603,175 villages have been declared open defecation-free as of January 2020.<ref name="unicef.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/india/what-we-do/ending-open-defecation|title = A Clean (Sampoorna Swachh) India}}</ref>

Where it achieved a measure of success, SBM built on the earlier sanitation programmes. It refined its approaches and templatised the action plan for districts. From the early 2010s, several district collectors and magistrates from West Bengal to Rajasthan experimented with different methods to engage local people and panchayats in community mobilisation. They selected swachhagrahis, trained them and released them for campaigns on a schedule. They were paid from sanitation funds. In states with strong panchayats, these measures bore fruit<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jacob|first1=Nitya|url=https://www.amazon.in/Memoir-Two-Toilet-Inspectors-ebook/dp/B09C2HMPQN/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=a+memoir+of+two+toilet+inspectors&qid=1634100836&qsid=260-1829995-0783926&sr=8-1&sres=B09C2HMPQN|title=A Memoir of Two Toilet Inspectors|last2=Lala|first2=Sunetra|language=English}}</ref> and the gains of sanitation, that is, toilet construction, were backed by usage. In other states, little was achieved beyond toilet construction.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Statistics
! Sl.No.
! State/UT
! No. of IHHLs constructed
|-
|1
|Andaman & Nicobar Islands
|22,378
|-
|2
|Andhra Pradesh
|42,71,773
|-
|3
|Arunachal Pradesh
|1,44,608
|-
|4
|Assam
|40,05,740
|-
|5
|Bihar
|1,21,26,567
|-
|6
|Chhattisgarh
|33,78,655
|-
|7
|Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
|21,906
|-
|8
|Goa
|28,637
|-
|9
|Gujarat
|41,89,006
|-
|10
|Haryana
|6,89,186
|-
|11
|Himachal Pradesh
|1,91,546
|-
|12
|Jammu & Kashmir
|12,61,757
|-
|13
|Jharkhand
|41,29,545
|-
|14
|Karnataka
|46,31,316
|-
|15
|Kerala
|2,39,360
|-
|16
|Ladakh
|17,241
|-
|17
|Madhya Pradesh
|71,93,976
|-
|18
|Maharashtra
|67,93,541
|-
|19
|Manipur
|2,68,348
|-
|20
|Meghalaya
|2,64,828
|-
|21
|Mizoram
|44,141
|-
|22
|Nagaland
|1,41,246
|-
|23
|Odisha
|70,79,564
|-
|24
|Puducherry
|29,628
|-
|25
|Punjab
|5,11,223
|-
|26
|Rajasthan
|81,20,658
|-
|27
|Sikkim
|11,209
|-
|28
|Tamil Nadu
|55,11,791
|-
|29
|Telangana
|31,01,859
|-
|30
|Tripura
|4,40,514
|-
|31
|Uttar Pradesh
|2,22,10,649
|-
|32
|Uttarakhand
|5,24,076
|-
|33
|West Bengal
|74,49,451
|-
|
!Total
!10,90,45,923
|}
IHHL = Individual Household Latrine. Every toilet in every village is mapped in the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) for real-time progress reporting.<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Individual Household Assets |url=https://sbm.gov.in/sbmphase2/Secure/Report/StatusofIndividual_HHL_Assets.aspx |website=sbm.gov.in |publisher=Ministry of Jal Shakti}}</ref> Every toilet is mandatorily geotagged to ensure transparency in the entire process.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karelia |first1=Gopi |title=How Geotagging Of Toilets Is Keeping Duplication Of Toilets And Open Defecation At Bay In This Uttar Pradesh District |url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/geotagging-toilets-keeping-duplication-toilets-open-defecation-bay-uttar-pradesh-district-19143/ |website=swachhindia.ndtv |publisher=NDTV |access-date=April 26, 2018}}</ref>

==Promotional campaigns==
=== Selected public figures and brand ambassadors ===
[[File:ShekharGurera as Brand Ambassador for MCG 01.jpg|thumb|One of the posters from cartoon based campaign by MCG drawn by the cartoonist [[Shekhar Gurera]]]]
More than three million government employees, 12 crore school and college students, 6.25 lakh volunteers, 2.5 lakh panchayat leaders, lakhs of public and 50 celebrities are participating in this movement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2021/sep/doc202191721.pdf|title=Swachh Bharat Mission|website=pib.gov.in
|access-date=16 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Swachh-Bharat-Abhiyan-PM-Narendra-Modi-to-wield-broom-to-give-India-a-new-image/articleshow/44039120.cms|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: PM Narendra Modi to wield broom to give India a new image|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="politics"/>

The Prime Minister himself has been the chief communicator of this scheme. He wrote a letter to all 250,000 village presidents all over the country and encouraged them to reach out to people in their villages for sanitation services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/FactsheetDetails.aspx?Id=148579|title=Factsheet Details|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

The rural division of the program is a top-down campaign.<ref name=":0" /> Initially, the program was supposed to educate rural people about hygiene and encourage them to make better sanitation choices. High-profile performances by celebrities and politicians sweeping the streets to promote Clean India ignored the serious, unclean work required to maintain the program's latrines (such as manhole cleaning).<ref name=":0" /> The high-profile celebrities associated with the campaign did little to encourage sanitary practices among rural people.

[[File:ManishaKoirala13.jpg|thumb|[[Manisha Koirala]] at Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in November 2014|left]]
[[File:Swachh bot.jpg|thumb|[[Beach cleaning]] robot Swachh Bot, made by a maker community in Chennai]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+[[Brand ambassador]]s nominated from 2014 to 2018
! Early 2014
! Late 2014
! 2015
! 2017 and 2018
|-
|Prime Minister Modi selected the following public figures to propagate this campaign:<ref name="PM Modi's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Anil Ambani Dilkeshvar Kumar dedicates himself to the movement">{{cite news|date=2 October 2014|title=PM Modi's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Anil Ambani dedicates himself to the movement|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-modis-swachh-bharat-abhiyan-anil-ambani-dedicates-himself-to-the-movement/articleshow/44114141.cms|access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="PM launches Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan">{{cite news|date=2 October 2014|title=PM launches Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan|url=http://www.narendramodi.in/pm-launches-swachh-bharat-abhiyaan/|access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref>
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (cricketer)
* [[Priyanka Chopra]] (actress and singer)
* [[Ramdev|Baba Ramdev]] (yoga guru)
* [[Salman Khan]] (actor)
* [[Vidya Balan]] (actress)
* [[Shashi Tharoor]] (politician, diplomat, author)
* Team: [[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] (actor)
* [[Mridula Sinha]] (politician)
* [[Kamal Hasan]] (actor)
* [[Virat Kohli]] (cricketer)
* [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] (cricketer)
|Brand ambassadors nominated by Prime Minister Modi on 2 October 2014:
* [[Sourav Ganguly]] (cricketer)
* [[Kiran Bedi]] (police officer)
* [[Padmanabha Acharya]] (civil servant)
* [[Sonal Mansingh]] (classical dancer)
* [[Ramoji Rao]] ([[Eenadu]] group)
* [[Aroon Purie]] ([[India Today]] group)

On 8 November 2014, Prime Minister carried the message to [[Uttar Pradesh]] and nominated another set of nine people for that state.<ref name="PM India">{{cite web|url=http://pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/english-rendering-of-text-of-pms-message-after-conducting-swachhta-abhiyaan-at-assi-ghat-varanasi/|title=PM India|date=8 November 2014|publisher=Prime Minister's Office|access-date=27 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Press Information Bureau">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=111658|title=Press Information Bureau|date=8 November 2014|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|access-date=27 November 2014}}</ref>
* [[Akhilesh Yadav]] (politician)
* [[Swami Rambhadracharya]]
* [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] (politician)
* Dilkeshvar Kumar (engineer)
* [[Mohammad Kaif]] (cricketer)
* [[Deviprasad Dwivedi]] (teacher)
* [[Raju Srivastava]] (comedian)
* [[Suresh Raina]] (cricketer)
* [[Kailash Kher]] (music composer)
|On 5 January 2015, the minister in-charge nominated followed [[Telugu people|Telugu]] icons as brand ambassadors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/swachh-bharat-abhiyan/story/swachh-bharat-telugu-icon-vvs-laxman-pawan-kalyan-234236-2015-01-05|title=18 Telugu icons named ambassadors for Swachh Bharat|website=indiatoday.in today.in|date=5 January 2015 |access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aptoday.com/newsnpolitics/18-telugu-people-as-swachh-bharat-ambassadors/6070/|title=18 Telugu People as Swachh Bharat Ambassadors {{!}} 9 people each in AP and Telangana as Swachh Bharat Ambassadors|date=2015-01-05|website=Andhra Pradesh Political News, Telugu Cinema News – APToday|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804210216/http://www.aptoday.com/newsnpolitics/18-telugu-people-as-swachh-bharat-ambassadors/6070/|archive-date=4 August 2016|access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref>
* Rajyogini ([[Brahmakumaris]] Dadi Janki)
* [[Pawan Kalyan]]<ref name="admin">{{cite web|url=http://www.telanganastateofficial.com/swachh-bharat-brand-ambassador-list/|title=swachh bharat brand ambassador List|author=admin|work=Telangana State Portal – Latest News Updates}}</ref> (actor turned politician)
* [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
* [[Amala Akkineni]]
* [[Narendra Choudary Tummala]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Government of India Nominated Swachh Bharat Ambassadors |url=http://sac.ap.gov.in/sac/UserInterface/Downlaods/IEC_merged_document.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
* [[K. Kavitha]]<ref name="admin" />
* [[Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy|G V K Reddy]]
* [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
* [[Pullela Gopichand|P Gopichand]] (badminton player)
* [[Humpy Koneru]]
* [[Galla Jayadev]]
* [[Nithin]]
* [[V. V. S. Laxman]] (cricketer)
* [[J. Rameshwar Rao]]
* [[Shivlal Yadav]]
* [[B. V. R. Mohan Reddy]]
* [[Akshay Kumar]] (actor and producer )
* [[Lakshmi Manchu]]<ref>[http://www.movienewz.in/2015/09/lakshmi-manchu-swachh-telangana.html "Lakshmi Manchu Is Telangana Swachh Bharat's Brand Ambassador"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906003924/http://www.movienewz.in/2015/09/lakshmi-manchu-swachh-telangana.html|date=6 September 2015}} MovieNewz.in, Retrieved 4 September 2015</ref>
|From later dates, the following public icons & celebrities were nominated as National Brand Ambassadors by Prime Minister Modi to join and support the Swachh Bharat Mission:
* [[Shilpa Shetty]] (actress), from February 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/government-ropes-in-shilpa-shetty-as-swachh-bharat-brand-ambassador/articleshow/57328754.cms#:~:text=The+government+has+roped+in,people+from+littering+on+roads|title=Government ropes in Shilpa Shetty as Swachh Bharat brand ambassador|newspaper=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 }}</ref>
* [[Raveena Tandon]] (actress), from February 2017
* [[Sanjay Dutt]] (actor), from 2018
* [[Juhi Chawla]] (actress), from 2018
* [[Shekhar Gurera]]<ref>[http://www.uniindia.com/mcg-announces-shekhar-gurera-as-official-cartoonist-for-swachh-survekshan/states/news/1122076.html MCG announces Shekhar Gurera as official Brand Ambassador] [[United News of India|UNI]], Jan 30 2018.</ref> (cartoonist), from January 2018
* [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] (actor), from 2018
* [[D. P. Sharma]] (social activist), from September 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/latest-kota-news-051541-2573030.html|title=पार्षदों ने उठाए सवाल- अब निगम के पास जिम्मा, फिर क्यों नहीं हो रही सफाई?|date=28 August 2018|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.patrika.com/1819664/Rajasthan-Patrika-Ajmer/rajasthan-patrika-Ajmer#page/4/1|title=Rajasthan Patrika Private Limited Ajmer epaper dated Mon, 17 Sep 18|website=epaper.patrika.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/kota-news/clean-india-ambassador-critisize-nagar-nigam-over-cattle-on-road-3310861/|title=सड़कों की हालत खराब, बड़े गड्ढे, गांव से ही बुरी हालत ... रोड पर बीचों-बीच बैठे मवेशी।|website=www.patrika.com|date=25 August 2018|language=hi}}</ref>
|}

===Other notable activities===
[[File:Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, July 2016(3).jpg|thumb|Swachh Bharat Abhiyan by [[Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School]] in [[Baranagar]], 2016]]
* In the Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh, around 1.38 lakh children belonging to 1700 schools wrote to their parents to build toilets in their homes. The impact and initiative of the children have inspired this district to become an ODF district in a very short time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/nation-newspaper/village-becomes-open-defecation-free-after-kids-write-to-their-dads/story-vjseQEEwuA5as2WsykTckO.html|title=Ambassadors of sanitation: 1.38 lakh Chhattisgarh kids write to dads for toilet construction|date=4 September 2016|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/swachhta-revolution-chhattisgarh-1-lakh-students-write-letters-parents-asking-build-toilets-9236/|title=The Swachhta Revolution In Chhattisgarh: Over 1 Lakh Students Write Letters To Their Parents Asking To Build Toilets For Them|first=Anisha Bhatia, Sonia|last=Bhaskar|date=27 June 2017}}</ref>
* In a single night in 2017, more than 5 crore schoolchildren created sketches and essays on cleanliness.
* [[Anushka Sharma]] and the Vice President of India [[Venkaiah Naidu|M V Naidu]] picked up a broom to help clean the cyclone-hit port city of [[Visakhapatnam]], in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, as part of the cleanliness campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indtoday.com/venkaiah-naidu-picked-broom-clean-cyclone-hit-port-city-visakhapatnam-indtoday-com/|title=Venkaiah Naidu picked up the broom to clean cyclone-hit port city of Visakhapatnam - indtoday.com - indtoday.com|work=indtoday.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024211954/http://www.indtoday.com/venkaiah-naidu-picked-broom-clean-cyclone-hit-port-city-visakhapatnam-indtoday-com/|archive-date=24 October 2014}}</ref>
* Prime Minister Modi nominated several organizations in October 2014 to be "brand ambassadors", including the [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]], [[Eenadu]] and ''[[India Today]]'' as well as the ''[[dabbawala]]'' of [[Mumbai]], who deliver home-made food to hundreds of thousands of people in the city. {{clarify|date=February 2015}} More than 3 million government employees and school and college students participated in the drive on the occasion.<ref name="Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: India a new image">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Swachh-Bharat-Abhiyan-PM-Narendra-Modi-to-wield-broom-to-give-India-a-new-image/articleshow/44039120.cms|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: PM Narendra Modi to wield broom to give India a new image|access-date=2 October 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="politics">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Swachh-Bharat-campaign-is-beyond-politics-PM-Narendra-Modi-says/articleshow/44092537.cms|title=Swachh Bharat campaign is beyond politics, PM Narendra Modi says|access-date=2 October 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* A Swachh Bharat Run, attended by 1,500 runners, was organized at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] on 2 October 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Swachh-Bharat-Run-organized-at-Rashtrapati-Bhavan/articleshow/44300509.cms|title=Swachh Bharat Run organized at Rashtrapati Bhavan|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Desi-companies-beat-Facebook-in-Swachh-apps-race/articleshow/44929578.cms?|title=Desi companies beat Facebook in 'Swachh' apps race |work=The Times of India|date=25 October 2014 }}</ref>
* [[Kunwar Bai Yadav]] lived in a village in [[Dhamtari district]] and sold seven of her goats to raise the money to build a toilet at her house at age 106 in 2016. She was declared a mascot of the campaign and visited by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
* Inspired by the Clean India Mission, a robot named Swachh Bot was built by a maker community in [[Chennai]] to clean the waste on [[Besant Nagar]] beach.<ref name="bs" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/downtown/robot-joins-clean-india-mission/article6895374.ece|title=Robot joins Clean India mission|last=Sinha|first=Vipasha|date=2015-02-14|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-23|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* More than 10 lakh toilets in India have been decorated with Clean India Project messages as part of Ministry of Water and Sanitation's (MoDW&S) 'Clean Beautiful Toilet Contest'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/swachh-sundar-shauchalaya-contest-10-lakh-toilets-in-india-decorated-to-spread-the-message-of-swachh-bharat-mission-30212/|title=Swachh Sundar Shauchalaya Contest: 10 Lakh Toilets In India Decorated To Spread The Message Of Swachh Bharat Mission|date=18 January 2019}}</ref>

===Planned initiatives===
[[File:Swachh Bharat Abhiyan at Indian Naval Academy, 2016 (1).jpg|thumb|[[Indian Naval Academy]] cadets taking part in Swachh Bharat Mission, 2016]]
The Government appointed [[Central Public Works Department, India|CPWD]] with the responsibility to dispose of waste from Government offices.<ref>{{citation |title=Swachh Bharat: CPWD begins lifting 'zero-value goods' from government offices and buildings |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/swachh-bharat-cpwd-begins-lifting-zero-value-goods-from-government-offices-and-buildings/articleshow/52300749.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=17 May 2016 |last1=Sharma |first1=Aman }}</ref> The Ministry of Railways planned to have the facility of cleaning on demand, clean bed-rolls from automatic laundries, bio-toilets, dustbins in all non-AC coaches.<ref>{{citation |title='Railway Budget Aligned to PM Modi's Vision for Digital India' |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Railway-Budget-Aligned-to-PM-Modis-Vision-for-Digital-India/2016/03/05/article3311810.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306102539/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Railway-Budget-Aligned-to-PM-Modis-Vision-for-Digital-India/2016/03/05/article3311810.ece |archive-date=6 March 2016 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=5 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=When Swachh Bharat met Digital India: Now solar-powered trash cans to send alerts when full |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/when-swachh-bharat-met-digital-india-now-solar-powered-trash-cans-to-send-alerts-when-full/articleshow/51449593.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=18 March 2016 |last1=Sharma |first1=Aman }}</ref> The Swachh Bharat, Swachh Vidyalaya campaign was launched by the Minister of Human Resource Development, Government of India by participating in the cleanliness drive along with the school's teachers and students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/Eng_Swachh%20Bharat%20Swachh%20Vidyalaya.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029203025/http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/Eng_Swachh%20Bharat%20Swachh%20Vidyalaya.pdf|title=Swachh Bharat, Swachh Vidyalaya|archive-date=29 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=110034 Swachh Bharat-Swachh Vidyalaya Campaign]</ref>

Separate toilet facilities for male and female students have been established in schools under the 'Swachh Bharat, Swachh Vidyalaya' scheme.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

==Structure==
===Components===
The core objectives of the first phase of the mission were to reduce [[open defecation]] and improve management of [[municipal solid waste]] in both urban and rural areas.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} Elimination of open defecation was to be achieved through construction of individual household level toilets (often twin pit pour flush [[pit latrines]]), toilets and [[public toilet]]s.<ref name="MoHUA-2017">{{Cite book|last=MoHUA|title=Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban|publisher=Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India|year=2017|url=http://swachhbharaturban.gov.in/writereaddata/SBM_Guideline.pdf?id=21p7e0nz1uh2jyhx}}</ref> For improving solid waste management, cities were encouraged to segregate waste at source into wet, dry, and hazardous categories to improve recycling efficiency and reduce landfill burden.<ref>https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/</ref>, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are responsible for implementation at the city level, including door-to-door collection, segregation, transportation, and processing of municipal solid waste.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |url=https://mohua.gov.in/}}</ref> and prepare detailed project reports that are bankable and have a financial model.<ref name="MoHUA-2017" /> The goal was to assume a "[[community-led total sanitation]]" approach to educate people; critics point out, however, that in the actual implementation, organizers used shaming tactics (to dissuade people from openly defecating) instead of providing respectful education.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guidelines |url=https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/SBMCMS/guidelines.htm |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=swachhbharatmission.gov.in}}</ref>

The second phase, on the other hand, focuses on sustaining the gains of the first phase and improving management of the solid and liquid wastes.<ref name="GoI-2020" />

As part of the campaign, volunteers, known as ''Swachhagrahis'', or "Ambassadors of cleanliness", promoted the construction of toilets using a popular method called Community-Led Total Sanitation<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-11-11|title=The CLTS approach|url=https://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/page/clts-approach|access-date=2021-10-13|website=Community-Led Total Sanitation|language=en}}</ref> at the village level.<ref name="BS-April2018" /> Other activities included national real-time monitoring and updates from [[non-governmental organization]]s such as [[Feedback Foundation Charitable Trust]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://feedbackfoundation.in/|title=Feedback Foundation – India's leading providers of sustainable solutions across rural and urban development projects}}</ref> [[The Ugly Indian]], [[Waste Warriors]], and SWACH Pune (Solid Waste Collection and Handling).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://swachcoop.com/|title=SWACH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822014831/http://swachcoop.com/|archive-date=2009-08-22}}</ref>

In addition to Urban Local Bodies, non-governmental organizations and community-based groups support implementation at the local level by facilitating awareness campaigns, decentralized waste collection, and operation of dry waste collection centres.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 |url=https://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/SWM-Rules-2016.pdf |website=Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change |date=2016}}</ref> In cities such as Mysore, local organizations contribute to improving segregation and recycling practices through community engagement and material recovery initiatives.

===Finance===
SBM was budgeted at $28 billion.<ref name="Zee News"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-with-a-broom-in-hand-pm-modi-to-lead-from-the-front_1478677.html|title=PM Modi's 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' set for mega launch Thursday; schools, offices gear up for event|work=[[Zee News]] |date=October 2014}}</ref> The government provides an incentive of {{INRConvert|12|k}} for each toilet constructed by a rural family.<ref name=bs/> An amount of {{INRConvert|90|b}} was allocated for the mission in the [[2016 Union budget of India]].<ref name="et">{{citation |title=Budget 2016: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan gets Rs 9,000 crore |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/budget-2016-swachh-bharat-abhiyan-gets-rs-9000-crore/articleshow/51193662.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=29 February 2016 }}</ref><ref name="et2">{{citation |title=Modi government mobilises Rs 370 crore under Swachh Bharat Kosh |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/modi-government-mobilises-rs-370-crore-under-swachh-bharat-kosh/articleshow/51359296.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=11 March 2016 }}</ref> The [[World Bank]] provided a {{USD|1.5 billion}} loan and $25 million in technical assistance in 2015 for the Swachh Bharat Mission to support India's universal [[sanitation]] initiation.<ref name="wb">{{citation |title=India, World Bank sign $1.5 billion loan pact for Swachh Bharat Mission |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/india-world-bank-sign-1-5-billion-loan-pact-for-swachh-bharat-mission/articleshow/51617391.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=30 March 2016 }}</ref> This was to be released in installments subject to checks by an independent verification agency but till January 2017, no funds has been disbursed.<ref>{{Cite news|last=RAJAGOPAL|first=DIVYA|title=World Bank yet to release fund for Swachh Bharat|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/world-bank-yet-to-release-fund-for-swachh-bharat/articleshow/56429289.cms|access-date=2021-10-13}}</ref> The programme has also received funds and technical support from several international organizations and private companies as part of [[corporate social responsibility]] initiatives, and the [[Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan]] and [[Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan]] schemes.<ref name="indiatimes.com" />

== Solid Waste Management ==
The Swachh Bharat Mission includes a focus on scientific municipal solid waste management, including segregation at source, collection, transportation, processing, and disposal. The program encourages decentralized waste management systems such as composting and material recovery facilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=SBM Urban 2.0 |url=https://sbmurban.org/}}</ref>
==Performance monitoring==
[[File:Individual household latrines coverage in rural India.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Individual household latrines coverage in rural India]]

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) Mobile app is being used by people and Government organisations to achieve the goals of Swachh Bharat Mission.<ref name="tie">{{citation |title=Digital India Week: Digital Locker, MyGov.in, and other projects that were unveiled |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/projects-and-policies-launched-at-digital-india-week |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=5 July 2015 }}</ref> For this the government of India is bringing awareness to the people through advertisements.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/swachh-bharat-goes-hitech-govt-to-track-toilet-use-in-realtime/article6742186.ece |title=Swachh Bharat goes hi-tech, govt to track toilet use with iPads |newspaper=The Hindu |date=31 December 2014 }}</ref>

In 2017, the national sanitation coverage rose to 65% from 38.7% on 2 October 2014, before the start of the campaign.<ref name="perf1">{{citation|title=At The Half-way Mark|date=31 July 2017|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/at-the-half-way-mark-4774680/|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> It was 90% in August 2018.<ref>{{citation|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Report Stats|date=18 November 2016|url=http://sbm.gov.in/sbmreport/home.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522054944/http://sbm.gov.in/SBMReport/Home.aspx|archive-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> 35 states/Union Territories, 699 districts and 5.99{{nbsp}}lakh (599,000) villages were declared [[Open defecation|Open Defecation Free]] (ODF) by 25 September 2019.

The cities and towns which have been declared ODF stood at 22 per cent and the urban wards which have achieved 100 per cent door-to-door solid waste collection stood at 50 per cent. The number of Swachhagrahi volunteers working across urban local bodies rose to 20,000, and those working in rural India rose to more than 100,000. The number of schools with separate toilet facilities for girls rose from 0.4 million (37 per cent) to almost one million (91 per cent).<ref name="perf1" />

===Swachh Survekshan annual cleanliness survey===
{{Main|Swachh Survekshan}}
[[Swachh Survekshan]], commissioned by [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]] and carried out by [[Quality Council of India]], is an extensive sanitation survey across several hundred cities to check the progress and impact of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and to foster a spirit of competition among the cities. The performance of each city is evaluated on six parameters:
* [[Municipal solid waste]], sweeping, collection and transportation
* Municipal solid waste, processing, and disposal of solid waste
* [[Open defecation|Open defecation free]] and [[toilet]]s
* [[Capacity building]] and [[Educational technology|eLearning]]
* Provision of [[public toilet]]s and community toilets
* Information, education and communication, and [[Behavior change (public health)|behavior change]]

==Impacts==
[[File:Sunita Devi the mason award.jpg|thumb|[[Sunita Devi (mason)|Sunita Devi]], who was inspired by the campaign, won the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] award in 2019 for constructing toilets in her village in [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/award-for-jharkhand-woman-who-took-up-a-trowel-to-turn-mason-build-toilets/cid/1685553|title=Award for woman who took up a trowel to turn mason|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref>]]
According to the dashboards maintained by respective ministries, more than 100 million individual household-level toilets have been constructed in rural areas, and 6 million household toilets in urban areas. In addition, nearly 6 million community and public toilets have also been constructed in the urban areas. Consequently, 4,234 cities and more than 600,000 villages across the country have declared themselves open defecation-free (ODF).<ref name="swachhbharatmission.gov.in"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eduvoice.in/dr-d-p-sharma-on-the-challenges-in-indian-education-systems/|title=Dr. D.P. Sharma On The Challenges In Indian Education Systems|first=Sujata|last=Mehta|date=25 May 2020|access-date=11 August 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603161435/https://eduvoice.in/dr-d-p-sharma-on-the-challenges-in-indian-education-systems/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

An independent survey released by [[Quality Council of India]] in August 2017, reported that overall national rural "household access to toilet" coverage increased to 62.5%, and usage of toilets to 91.3%. Haryana topped the national ranking with 99% of households in rural areas covered and usage of toilets at 100%.<ref name="hartop1">{{citation |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala-haryana-top-sanitation-survey/article19452153.ece |title=Kerala, Haryana top sanitation survey |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 August 2017 }}</ref> According to [[UNICEF]], the number of people without a toilet reduced from 550 million to 50 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Clean (Sampoorna Swachh) India|url=https://www.unicef.org/india/what-we-do/ending-open-defecation|access-date=2021-07-07|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}</ref> The [[World Bank]] reports that 96% of Indians who have a toilet use it.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-17|title=96% households in Rural India having toilet access use them - NARSS|url=https://greencleanguide.com/96-households-in-rural-india-having-toilet-access-use-them-narss/|access-date=2021-07-07|website=Green Clean Guide|language=en-US}}</ref> The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) has in its report stated that at least 180,000 diarrhoeal deaths were averted in rural India since the launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission.<ref>{{citation |title=How Swachh Bharat transformed the way public hospitals function |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-swachh-bharat-transformed-the-way-public-hospitals-function/story-fPgFK331o3JLIPHGcc0GQN.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=29 September 2018 }}</ref> According to a survey carried out in 2018 and published in 2019 by National Statistical Office (NSO), 71% of rural households had access to toilets as of 2018. Though this disagreed with the Indian government's claim in 2019 that 95% of rural households had access to toilets, NSO's numbers still indicated a significant improvement over the situation during the previous survey period in 2012, when only 40% of rural households had access to toilets.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/open-defecation-free-india-national-statistical-office-survey-debunks-swachh-bharat-claims/article30070689.ece|title=Open defecation-free India: National Statistical Office survey debunks Swachh Bharat claims|last=Jebaraj|first=Priscilla|date=2019-11-24|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Community participation has played a significant role in sustaining the outcomes of the mission, particularly in urban areas, where local organizations assist in waste segregation, recycling, and behavioral change initiatives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Role of community organizations in urban waste management |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/waste/community-role-waste-management-india |website=Down To Earth |date=2023}}</ref>

A study by [[Ashoka University]] concluded that the construction of toilets under the program led to a reduction in incidents of sexual assault against women.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mahajan|first1=Kanika|last2=Sekhri|first2=Sheetal|date=2022|title=Access to Toilets and Violence Against Women|url=https://dp.ashoka.edu.in/ash/wpaper/paper44.pdf|journal=Working Papers|volume=44|doi=10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102695 |bibcode=2022JEEM..11402695H |language=en}}</ref> Toilet access for women has proven to reduce rates of sexual assault.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hossain |first1=Md Amzad |last2=Mahajan |first2=Kanika |last3=Sekhri |first3=Sheetal |date=2022-07-01 |title=Access to toilets and violence against women |url=https://dp.ashoka.edu.in/ash/wpaper/paper44.pdf |journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management |language=en |volume=114 |article-number=102695 |doi=10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102695 |bibcode=2022JEEM..11402695H |issn=0095-0696}}</ref> Although the SBM itself describes its goal in patriarchal terms, as "preserving the dignity of women", scholars note the incidental benefit of reducing violence against women: between 2014 and 2016, studies estimate sexual assault against women fell by 25 incidents per million because of access to toilets.<ref name=":0" />

Data from the [[National Family Health Survey]]s (NFHS) demonstrate the increase in access to improved sanitation due to SBM. Post 2015, 3.4% households gained access to better sanitation as compared to just 1.5% earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-22|title=New Welfarism of Modi govt represents distinctive approach to redistribution and inclusion|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/national-family-health-survey-new-welfarism-of-indias-right-7114104/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
The mission is noted as the world's largest sanitation program. It claimed to have provided millions of people access to the toilet and brought about a change of behaviour towards its usage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Findings of annual rural sanitation survey questionable|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/waste/findings-of-annual-rural-sanitation-survey-questionable-63472|website=downtoearth.org.in|date=6 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Many argue that it has not eliminated open defecation as rapidly as the government claims.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-10-06|title=Swachh Bharat Mission a failure: Jairam|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/swachh-bharat-mission-a-failure-jairam/article25145636.ece|access-date=2019-05-01|issn=0971-751X}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=UN Dismisses Swachh Bharat Saying It Has Failed To Eliminate Manual Scavenging From India|url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/un-dismisses-swachh-bharat/|last=Pareek|first=Shabdita|date=2017-11-13|website=ScoopWhoop|language=en|access-date=2019-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=SHARMA|first=NIDHI|date=2018-06-05|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Where progress on paper hits quicksand of ground reality|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-where-progress-on-paper-hits-quicksand-of-ground-reality/articleshow/64455082.cms|access-date=2019-05-01}}</ref> However, It significantly did accelerate the pace of decline in open defecation.<ref name="Hathi-2018">{{Cite web|last1=Hathi|first1=Payal|last2=Srivastav|first2=Nikhil|date=1 October 2018|title=Why we still need to measure open defecation in rural India|url=https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/human-development/why-we-still-need-to-measure-open-defecation-in-rural-india.html|access-date=4 May 2020|website=[[Ideas for India]]}}</ref>

As a result of the Swachh Bharat Mission movement, 55 crore people in rural areas changed their behaviour and started using toilets. By achieving the objectives of the Swachh Bharat Movement, water and sanitation-related diseases have been reduced significantly. Due to the reduction of open defecation (ODF), deaths due to diseases like diarrhoea and malaria have decreased in many villages, children's health and nutrition have improved, and women do not need to wait until dark to defecate. Rs. 50,000 saved per household in rural India per year through the Swachh Bharat Mission Movement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pib.gov.in/FactsheetDetails.aspx?Id=148579#:~:text=603%2C175%20villages%20were%20declared%20open,world's%20largest%20behaviour%20largest%20programme|title=Swachh Bharat Mission - Grameen - Ministry of Jal Shakti|website=pib.gov.in|access-date=16 August 2023}}</ref>

=== Political sponsorship ===
The SBM received political sponsorship from Prime Minister Modi who started talking about sanitation even before he was elected as the Prime Minister.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 2, 2013|title=Make toilets before temples: Narendra Modi redefines his brand of 'Hindutva'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/featured/story/narendra-modi-toilets-before-temples-manthan-convention-speech-213014-2013-10-02|access-date=2021-02-03|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> He made a call to address the issue in his first address to the nation on the occasion of Independence day in 2014. Throughout the mission period, he continued to promote the mission through his speeches and was seen wielding the broom multiple times to clean the streets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-02|title=Narendra Modi launches Clean India Campaign by sweeping street|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1608164/narendra-modi-launches-clean-india-campaign-sweeping-street|access-date=2021-02-03|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> In 2019, he [[Plogging|plogged]] on a beach in [[Mamallapuram]] during his morning walk; he was there to attend the informal summit with [[Xi Jinping]], then-[[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=PM Narendra Modi's 'blogging' on Mamallapuram beach|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modis-plogging-on-mamallapuram-beach/articleshow/71551182.cms|access-date=2021-02-03}}</ref> Other political leaders and public figures including actors and actresses, sportsmen and women, owners of large business houses were roped in as ambassadors to promote the mission.<ref name="PM launches Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan" />

=== Allocation of funds ===
Constructing toilets became the mission's singular focus, even though the core objectives were the elimination of open defecation and the improvement of solid waste management. Funds for solid waste management under the mission were diverted towards toilet construction.<ref name="Johari-2019">{{Cite web|title=Is India cleaner after Modi's Swachh Bharat?|url=https://qz.com/india/1550401/is-india-cleaner-after-modis-swachh-bharat/|last=Johari|first=Aarefa|website=Quartz India|date=14 February 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Allocations for other sectors were also drastically reduced. Though behavioural change is one of the goals of the mission, only 1% of the mission's outlay was spent on education and awareness.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://accountabilityindia.in/sites/default/files/pdf_files/SBM.pdf|title=Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (SBM)|website=accountabilityindia.in|access-date=16 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="The Logical Indian-2017">{{Cite web|title=Rs 530 Cr Spent In Two Years On Swachh Bharat Mission Media Advertisements: RTI|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/news/rs-530-cr-spent-in-two-years-on-swachh-bharat-advertisements-rti/|date=22 Nov 2017|website=The Logical Indian|access-date=4 May 2020}}</ref> Most of the allocation for the category, "information, education and communication", that was to be used for awareness generation was spent towards print, radio and television advertisements.<ref name="The Logical Indian-2017" /><ref name="Johari-2019" /> No part of the Central Government's allocation was spent on awareness generation at the grassroots.<ref name="Johari-2019" /><ref name="The Logical Indian-2017" />

=== Target-driven approach ===
The mission was implemented with a target-driven approach; villages, districts, towns, cities and even states declared themselves open defecation-free (ODF) based on the element of construction targets.

The SBM has also been criticized for being subsidy-driven rather than community-driven.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mara|first=Duncan|date=2017|title=The elimination of open defecation and its adverse health effects: a moral imperative for governments and development professionals|url=https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article/7/1/1/30446/The-elimination-of-open-defecation-and-its-adverse|journal=Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development|language=en|volume=7|issue=1|pages=1–12|doi=10.2166/washdev.2017.027|issn=2043-9083|doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Inappropriate containment system ===
For lack of sewerage systems, most of the toilets constructed under the mission rely on [[Pit latrine|single pit]] or [[Twin pit toilet|twin pits]] or [[septic systems]] for containment of faecal sludge. However, their appropriateness for the local context was not considered in the haste of achieving construction targets. For example, most of the 7.85 million toilets constructed at an estimated cost of INR 94,205 million in the 15 extreme flood-prone districts of Northern Bihar become unusable during the annual floods.<ref name="Prasad-2020">{{cite web|last=Prasad|first=Eklavya|date=27 July 2020|title=Why alluvial flood plains of north Bihar need alternative sanitation system|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/rural-water-and-sanitation/why-alluvial-flood-plains-of-north-bihar-need-alternative-sanitation-system-72494|access-date=2020-08-04|website=www.downtoearth.org.in|language=en}}</ref> Besides the toilet itself being inaccessible, the containment structure is also inundated with flood waters, making it unusable.<ref name="Prasad-2020" />

The SBM does not even acknowledge the issues of the existing sewerage systems and the deaths of numerous sanitation workers caused by cleaning them.<ref name="Bathran-2018">{{Cite news|last=Bathran|first=Ravichandran|date=2018-08-21|title=What Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ignores|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/what-swachh-bharat-abhiyan-ignores/article24738978.ece|access-date=2021-01-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Survey results ===
Even though the elimination of open defecation was the core objective of the mission, it was never monitored by either of the Ministries. They both kept track of toilets constructed and funds spent.<ref name="Hathi-2018" /> Therefore, the reality reported by independent surveys was very different from that reported by Government-sponsored surveys.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Why India's toilet data is too good to be true|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/d0gb1cTpVnVwJaUQIPIaaP/Swachh-Bharat-Abhiyan-Why-Indias-toilet-data-is-too-good-t.html|last=Alexander|first=Sneha|date=2019-01-09|website=Livemint|language=en|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Researchers found divergence between findings of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS); both conducted by the Government only a few months apart.<ref name="Hathi-2018" />

=== Interconnected challenges ===
By adding millions of on-site sanitation systems and not considering [[fecal sludge management]], it will further add to [[Water pollution in India|pollution of the rivers in India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blind spot in Namami Gange|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/water/blind-spot-in-namami-gange-56619|access-date=2020-05-12|website=www.downtoearth.org.in|language=en}}</ref>

There is scepticism about the success of SBM, which relates to [[sanitation worker]]s. The people who make India clean, the sanitation workers, remain "invisible in the participation, process or consequences of this national level movement".<ref>PRIA (2019): [https://pria.org/knowledge_resource/1560777260_Occasional%20Paper%204%20(2019)%20(Lived%20Realities%20of%20Women%20Sanitation%20Workers%20i....pdf Lived Realities of Women Sanitation Workers in India: Insights from a Participatory Research Conducted in Three Cities of India]. Participatory Research in Asia, New Delhi, India</ref>{{rp|7}} In 2015, one year after the launch of the program, hundreds of thousands of Indian people were still employed as [[Manual scavenging|manual scavengers]] in emptying [[bucket toilet]]s and pit latrines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan should aim to stamp out manual scavenging|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment/the-humiliation-continues/article1-1368562.aspx|date=13 July 2015|website=hindustantimes|access-date=10 April 2017|archive-date=6 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906025802/http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment/the-humiliation-continues/article1-1368562.aspx}}</ref><ref name="Umesh IsalkarUmesh Isalkar 2013">{{cite web|title=Census raises stink over manual scavenging|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Census-raises-stink-over-manual-scavenging/articleshow/19794299.cms|last=Umesh IsalkarUmesh Isalkar|first=TNN|date=30 April 2013|website=The Times of India|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Manual scavenging still a reality|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manual-scavenging-still-a-reality-socioeconomic-caste-census/article7400578.ece|date=9 July 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=9 September 2015|last1=Venkat|first1=Vidya}}</ref> Many continue to work on contractual arrangements without safety of their job and benefits that would accrue from a government job. The SBM has instead burdened the contractual sanitation workers to keep public places clean while keeping it voluntary for the public to deface public places by urinating, defecating or littering them.<ref name="Bathran-2018" />

A report by [[Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council|WSSCC]] in 2019 found that the impact of the SBM for the most vulnerable was limited. The report stated that "Barriers due to physical [[Disability|disabilities]], social/economic disparities, geography, [[sexual orientation]], gender and [[Caste system in India|caste]] were not addressed."<ref>WSSCC (2019) [https://www.wsscc.org/sites/default/files/uploads/2020/07/LNOB-India-Summit-Summary.pdf Consultation On The Contribution Of Swachh Bharat Mission Towards Achieving SDG-6 In India For Those Furthest Behind].</ref>

Delhi's three municipal corporations identified 543 road dust hotspots in November 2022, using mechanized road sweepers and water sprinklers to reduce dust. They submitted reports on air pollution mitigation measures to the Delhi government's green war room.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi: 3 municipal corporations list 543 road dust hotspots for urgent action |newspaper=The Times of India |date=9 December 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/3-corpns-list-543-road-dust-hotspots-for-urgent-action/articleshow/88173531.cms}}</ref>

Irregularities about the funds have been reported. In [[Odisha]] hundreds of beneficiaries have filed complaints that money has been siphoned off without constructing the toilets.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swachh Bharat Scam - Beneficiaries File Complaint|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/swachh-bharat-scam-100-beneficiaries-file-complaint-against-bdo-in-odisha-495852#:~:text=BDO%20In%20Odisha-,Swachh%20Bharat%20'Scam'%3A%20100%20Beneficiaries%20File,Complaint%20Against%20BDO%20In%20Odisha&text=Nabarangpur%3A%20A%20case%20was%20lodged,allocated%20under%20Swachh%20Bharat%20Mission. |date=25 November 2020|work=Odisha TV|access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref> In [[Madhya Pradesh]] almost half a million Swachh Bharat toilets have "vanished" in a multi-billion rupees scam.<ref>{{cite web|title=In MP 4.5 Lakh Toilets Disappear in Rupees 450 Crore Scam|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/in-mp-4-5-lakh-swachh-toilets-disappear-in-rs-540cr-scam/articleshow/74052653.cms |date=10 February 2020|work=Times of India|access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref> In [[Bihar]] crores of rupees meant for Swachh Bharat Mission were siphoned off by Government officials in collusion with banks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bihar Toilet Scam - Govt Officers and Bankers Loot Swachh Bharat Funds|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20171218-bihar-scam-swachh-bharat-mission-1102469-2017-12-08|date=8 December 2017|work=India Today|access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref> Police complaints were filed against those who have misused Swachh Bharat funds for personal household expenses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swachh Bharat Scam - Toilet Money Used for Household Expenses |url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-scam-9-spend-54-000-meant-for-building-toilets-on-household-expenses/story-JKOvAG0eALBHlWvMwDfBeN.html|date=22 June 2017|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

==Movie based on Swachh Bharat Mission==
In August 2023, a movie titled ''Panch Kriti'' - Five Elements based on Swachh Bharat Mission was released in India, which featured five stories and is set in Chanderi in [[Bundelkhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], and was largely shot in real locations. It was a women-centric film that touched upon several important themes and topics about women. It also delves into the importance of social movements taking place in India like "Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan" and "Beti Bachao Beti Padhaao Abhiyaan".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/panch-kriti-five-elements-a-film-that-showcases-rural-india-in-its-real-form-2633758.html | title=Panch Kriti - Five Elements, A Film That Showcases Rural India in Its Real Form }}</ref>

==Corruption in Swachh Bharat Mission==

In Madhya Pradesh, a whopping 540 crore scam was unearthed, wherein toilets that were supposed to be constructed between 2012 and 2018 existed only on paper. It was found that over 4.5 lakh toilets existed only on paper, and they were nowhere to be found on the ground.

In Gujarat, while hearing a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) earlier this month, the High Court pointed out a scam in the construction of toilets in the Banaskantha district of north Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=An article from The Probe: "Swachh Bharat Abhiyan mission needs a complete overhaul. Here's why " |url=https://theprobe.in/columns/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-mission-needs-a-complete-overhaul-heres-why/ }}</ref>

In Rajasthan, like in other states, the government pays Rs 12,000 to every person who constructs a toilet in his/her home. The money is paid out under the Swachh Bharat Mission's Open Defecation-Free scheme, and the goal seems to be on its route to being achieved fast, but only on paper in Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite web |title= IndiaToday | date= 29 September 2017 | url= http://www.indiatoday.in/india/rajasthan/story/swachh-bharat-mission-scheme-narendra-modi-reward-corruption-rajasthan-1054904-2017-09-29 }}</ref>

In Balangir District, in Odisha state, huge irregularities were found in the construction of toilets and utilisation of the funds, and the Collector had recommended departmental action against the Senior Technical Consultant (STC) of Sarva Sikhya Abhiyan (SSA,) who is in charge of implementing the project in the district. However, the Government continues to sit pretty.<ref>{{cite web |title=TheNewIndianExpress | date=11 April 2018 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/Apr/11/corruption-in-swachh-bharat-raises-a-stink-1799790.html }}</ref>

==Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)==
Swachh India Movement (Urban) aims to free urban India from open defecation and 100% scientific management of municipal solid waste in 4,000+ cities across the country. One of its targets is to construct 66 lakh Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs) by October 2, 2019. However, this target has been reduced to 59 lakh IHHLS by 2019. This target was achieved by 2020.<ref name="auto1"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! Original Target
! Revised Target (revised in 2019)
! Actual Constructed
|-
|Individual Household Latrines
|66,42,000
|58,99,637
|62,60,606
|-
|Community and Public Toilets
|5,08,000
|5,07,587
|6,15,864
|}
Sources: Swachh Bharat Mission Urban - Dashboard; PRS.

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! Targets
! As of March 2020
! As of December 2020
|-
| Door-to-Door Waste Collection (Wards)
|86,284
|81,535 (96%)
|83,435 (97%)
|-
|Source Segregation (Wards)
|86,284
|64,730 (75%)
|67,367 (78%)
|-
|Waste Processing (in %)
|100%
|65%
|68%
|}
Sources: Standing Committee on Urban Development (2021); PRS.

Under SBM (U) from 2014 to 2021, the budget allocation for States/UTs is Rs.13,239.89 crore. Also, the budget allocation for SBM-U 2.0 (2021–2026) is Rs.30,980.20 crore.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://accountabilityindia.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/SBM-U_Pre-Budget-1-1.pdf
|title=Budget brief. Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban (SBM-U)|website=accountabilityindia.in|access-date=16 August 2023}}</ref>

==Swachh Rail, Swachh Bharat==
* As part of the Swachh Bharat Mission, [[Indian Railways]] has launched the Swachh Rail, Swachh Bharat initiative has drawn up an action plan to switch over to eco-friendly bio-toilets, which helps to eliminate the direct flushing toilets from its entire passenger coaches by 2020–21.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1576177 | title=Implementation of Swachh Rail, Swachh Bharat Programme }}</ref> Furthermore, [[Indian railways]] introduced bio-vacuum toilets in its [[Tejas Express]] train sets, which help to prevent water wastage.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=186913 | title=Initiatives & Achievements of Ministry of Railways in the year 2018 | website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Bio-toilets For Indian railways | url=https://rskr.irimee.in/sites/default/files/Introduction%20to%20Bio_Toilet%20system.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331085253/https://rskr.irimee.in/sites/default/files/Introduction%20to%20Bio_Toilet%20system.pdf | archive-date=2023-03-31}}</ref>
* As India's First green rail line, the Rameswaram-Manamadurai route was selected and fitted with bio-toilets into 10 trains running on this route at first.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pibindia.wordpress.com/2016/10/21/indian-railways-a-journey-towards-swachh-bharat/ | title=Indian Railways: A Journey towards Swachh Bharat | date=21 October 2016 }}</ref>

{{Vertical bar chart
|color_12=blue
|type=Yearwise installation of biotoilets (2014–2020)
|10-11|57
|11-12|169
|12-13|1337
|13-14|8024
|14-15|10159
|15-16|15442
|16-17|34134
|17-18|57429
|18-19|69166
|19-20|47400
|note=
{{legend|#88c2cc|SRSB Year-wise progress on installation of (numbers of) bio-toilets in coaches<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/secretary_branches/IR_Reforms/Cleanliness%20in%20Railways.pdf| title=Cleanliness in Railways | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208163535/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/secretary_branches/IR_Reforms/Cleanliness%20in%20Railways.pdf | archive-date=2023-12-08}}</ref>
}}
}}

==Swachh Bharat Mission II==
The first part of the Swachh Bharat Mission, which started in 2016, was completed in the last five years in 2020, but due to Covid and lockdown, the Center had extended its deadline to March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-09 |title=Part Two of Swachh Bharat Mission |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/swachh-bharat-mission-part-2-launched-in-bihar-at-the-end-of-june-asj |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, the Indian government launched Phase II of the Swachh Bharat Mission. This phase focuses on maintaining current Open Defecation Free (ODF) statuses across the country, as well as improving waste management in villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) {{!}} Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url=https://sdgs.un.org/partnerships/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-clean-india-mission |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=sdgs.un.org}}</ref> Villages that maintain the ODF status and also implement waste management systems are designated "ODF Plus", while villages that have partially implemented waste management systems (e.g. for only one of solid or liquid waste) are designated "ODF Plus Aspiring". In May 2023, the Indian government announced that 50% of villages in India had achieved the ODF Plus status, with the state of [[Telangana]] achieving a 100% ODF Plus rate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Achieves Another Major Sanitation Milestone - 50% Villages Are Now ODF Plus Under Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen Phase II |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1923036 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-07 |title=Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin: 50% villages of India India attain ODF+ status in Phase 2 |work=[[DD News]] |url=https://ddnews.gov.in/national/swachh-bharat-mission-gramin-50-villages-india-india-attain-odf-status-phase-2 |access-date=2023-09-22}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Green train corridor]]
* [[Indian states ranking by availability of toilets]]
* [[List of cleanest cities in India]]
* [[List of cleanest railway stations in India]]
* [[Community-led total sanitation]]
* [[Digital India]]
* [[Electronic toilet]]
* [[India.gov.in]]
* ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]'' — a feature film
* [[Water supply and sanitation in India]]
* [[LooCafe]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://swachhbharat.mygov.in/|name=SBM Rural (Gramin)}}
* {{Official website|http://swachhbharaturban.gov.in/|name=SBM Urban}}
* [https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/sbmcms/index.htm Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation]

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:2014 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India]]
[[Category:Indian missions]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Sanitation]]
[[Category:Water supply and sanitation in India]]

Vineeth

2026-03-23T22:12:12Z

Sergdxx: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Other people|Vineeth}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vineeth
| image = Vineeth 2008.jpg
| caption = Vineeth in 2008
| birth_name = Vineeth Radhakrishnan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|08|23|df=yes}}<ref name="stjosephshss.info">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110725125438/http://stjosephshss.info/fstudents.htm Former Students]. St Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thalassery</ref>
| birth_place = [[Thalassery]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|dancer|voice artist|choreographer}}
| yearsactive = 1985 – present
| spouse = {{Marriage|Priscilla Menon|2004}}
| children = 1
| relatives = [[Shobana]] (cousin)
| family = See [[List of South Indian film families#Travancore family|Travancore family]]
| honours = [[Kalaimamani]] (2007)
}}

'''Vineeth Radhakrishnan''' (born 23 August 1969) is an Indian actor, [[Bharatanatyam]] [[Indian classical dance|dancer]], voice artist and choreographer who primarily works in [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language]] films. He has also appeared in a few [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] and [[Kannada]] films. He has won several awards including 3 [[Kerala State Film Awards]], [[Kalaimamani]] honour from [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] and [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award South]] nominations.

==Early life==
Vineeth was born to K. T. Radhakrishnan and P. K. Shanthakumari on 23 August 1969 at [[Thalassery]] in [[Kannur district]], Kerala. His family hails from the Kannur, Malabar region (present-day Northern Kerala districts).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sai |first=Veejay |date=18 July 2016 |title=The Travancore Trio: Sisters who conquered the silver screen |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/features/travancore-trio-sisters-who-conquered-silver-screen-46694 |work=The News Minute |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> He has a sister, Kavitha Dinesh.<ref>[http://cinidiary.com/people.php?pigsection=Actor&picata=1&no_of_displayed_rows=60&no_of_rows_page=10&sletter= A Complete Online Malayalam Cinema News Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117163304/http://cinidiary.com/people.php?pigsection=Actor&picata=1&no_of_displayed_rows=60&no_of_rows_page=10&sletter= |date=17 January 2016 }}. Cinidiary. Retrieved on 21 October 2015.</ref> Vineeth is the nephew of Ramachandran Nair, the husband of actress [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] of the [[Travancore sisters]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Is |first1=Gopika |date=29 April 2024 |title=Malayalam films' dance heritage goes back to the '60s: Vineeth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/malayalam-films-dance-heritage-goes-back-to-the-60s-vineeth/articleshow/109670312.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> His aunt, Padmini, and her sister, [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]], convinced his parents to send him to dancing school. Actress [[Shobana]] is his cousin.<ref name="Rediff_1997"/>

Vineeth attended [[Good Shepherd International School, Ooty]], St Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thalassery, and [[St. Joseph's College, Devagiri]], [[Kozhikode]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ലാലേട്ടന് എന്റെ ഗുരുവാണ് -വിനീത് |url=http://www.mangalam.com/cinema/interviews/375523 |publisher=mangalam.com |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113807/http://www.mangalam.com/cinema/interviews/375523 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He then pursued a [[Bachelor of Commerce]] from [[The New College, Chennai]], in 1991.

Vineeth started training in [[Bharathanatyam]] at the age of six and won several dance prizes while a student, including the first prize at the [[Kerala School Kalolsavam]] for four years in a row,<ref name="stjosephshss.info"/> also winning the top title of "Kalaprathibha" in 1986.<ref>{{cite news |last1=H |first1=Soyesh |title=It's half a century in dance for actor Vineeth Radhakrishnan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/its-half-a-century-in-dance-for-actor-vineeth-radhakrishnan/article66977826.ece |work=The Hindu |date=16 June 2023 |access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref>

==Film career==
Vineeth entered films with the [[I. V. Sasi]] film ''[[Idanilangal]]'' in 1985, and caught the public eye with his second film, ''[[Nakhakshathangal]]'', in 1986. His dancing skills were prominently displayed in several films as well. He played the lead characters in ''[[Idanazhiyil Oru Kaalocha]]'' (1987), a story by poet [[Balachandran Chullikkadu]] and ''[[Oru Muthassi Katha]]'' (1988) directed by [[Priyadarshan]]. ''[[Aavarampoo]]'' (1992), the Tamil remake of ''[[Thakara]]'' changed everything for Vineeth directed by [[Bharathan]]. As soon as ''Aavarampoo'' ended, [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] called him for ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]'' (1992), in which he played a musical genius. Suddenly Vineeth was doing multiple films in Malayalam and Tamil. ''[[Kabooliwala]]'' (1994) and ''[[Manathe Vellitheru]]'' (1994) became two turning points in his Malayalam career, one establishing him as a young romantic hero, the other proving he could handle negative shades really well. Though his films impressed both critics and front benchers, he did not become a super hero, a sought after actor.<ref name="Rediff_1997">{{cite news |title=Winning, vulnerable Vineeth |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/oct/16vin.htm |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=Rediff |date=16 October 1997}}</ref> He had appeared in maximum Malayalam films. But his career did not pick up as expected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/movie-actor/vineeth|title=Malayalam film actor Vineeth personal life and filmography|website=nettv4u}}</ref>

[[File:Ayesha Jhulka, Vineeth.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ayesha Jhulka]], Vineeth in 1998 Kannada film ''′[[Kanasalu Neene Manasalu Neene]]′'' ]]
His roles in successful Tamil films also include ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' (1993), ''[[Pudhiya Mugam]]'' (1993), ''[[Jaathi Malli]]'' (1993) and ''[[May Maadham]]'' (1994). Among other projects came ''[[Kadhal Desam]]'' (1996), where Vineeth and [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] played college students in love with the same woman, played by [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]. The movie, with its themes of friendship and romance and the music of [[A. R. Rahman]], became very popular. He has acted in several well received films since then in all the main South Indian languages. In spite of his success in films, he still considers dance as his first love and is undergoing advanced training in Bharatanatyam and participates in several dance programmes all over the world as well as the Surya Dance Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/vineeth/biography.html |title=Exclusive biography of #Vineeth and on his life |work=Filmibeat |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref> He has worked in several Telugu films such as ''[[Aaro Pranam]]'' (1997), ''[[Maa Annayya]]'' (2000), ''[[Ammayi Kosam]]'' (2001), ''[[Nee Premakai]]'' (2002) and ''[[Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo]]'' (2002). Vineeth, who disappeared from both [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam cinema]], made a comeback with [[Rajinikanth]] starrer ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vineeth-in-chandramukhi-tamil-news-13226 |title=Vineeth in Chandramukhi |date=15 February 2005 |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref> He played the same role in the Hindi version of ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'' (2007) as well.<ref>{{cite news |title=CHANDRAMUKHI BOLLYWOOD Vineeth rajinikanth Apthamithra Hindi Akshay Kumar Padmini Vidya Balan Tamil movie news hot stills picture image gallery |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/aug-07-02/08-08-07-chandramukhi.html |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=Behind Woods |date=8 August 2007}}</ref> He also played in many roles in Malayalam films such as ''[[Rathri Mazha]]'' (2007), ''[[Banaras (2009 film)|Banaras]]'' (2009), ''Thathwamasi'' (2010), ''Ideal Couple'' (2012), ''Omega Brothers'' (2012), ''[[Aattakatha (2013 film)|Aattakatha]]'' (2013), ''Sukhamayirikkatte'' (2015) and ''Pallikoodam'' (2016).

[[File:Actor Vineeth performing at Utsav Music and Krishna Gana Sabha.jpg|thumb|upright|Vineeth performing at Utsav Music and Krishna Gana Sabha on ′International Dance Day’, 30 April 2012]]
He won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography]] for ''[[Kambhoji (film)|Kambhoji]]'' in 2017. Vineeth has collaborated with [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] in ''[[Sarvam Thaala Mayam]]'' (2019). It was a Tamil musical drama that was written and directed by [[Rajiv Menon]].<ref name="thenewsminute.com">{{cite news |title=Vineeth to face arc lights for a Telugu film |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vineeth-face-arc-lights-telugu-film-133380 |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=The News Minute |date=18 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Actor singer [[Krishnachandran]] dubbed for Vineeth in most of his early movies. Ironically, Vineeth won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]] in 2020 for giving voice to [[Vivek Oberoi]]'s character in ''[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|Lucifer]]'', actor [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]]’s first as a director.<ref>{{cite news |title='Almost became a Chartered Accountant': Vineeth speaks on acting journey and more |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/almost-became-chartered-accountant-vineeth-speaks-acting-journey-and-more-154856 |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=The News Minute |date=4 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> In Malayalam, he was seen in Kavya Prakash's debut film ''[[Vaanku (film)|Vaanku]]'' (2021), based on a story by Unni R.<ref name="thenewsminute.com"/> In ''[[Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea]]'' (2021), he dubbed for the character played by Tamil star [[Arjun Sarja]]. Vineeth won the award for his dubbing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madhu |first1=Vignesh |title=Vineeth dubs for Arjun in Marakkar Arabikkadalinte Simham |url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/vineeth-dubs-arjun-marakkar-arabikkadalinte-simham/ |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=Onlookers Media |date=14 October 2020}}</ref> In 2023, he co-starred with [[Fahadh Faasil]] in ''[[Pachuvum Athbutha Vilakkum]]'' and ''[[Dhoomam (2023 film)|Dhoomam]]''. He is making his comeback in Tamil cinema and plays a father in the drama film, ''[[Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai]]'' (2025).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sundar |first1=Anusha |date=14 February 2023 |title=First look poster of 'Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai' out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/Feb/14/first-look-poster-of-kaadhal-enbadhu-podhu-udamai-out-2547438.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=B |first1=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=15 February 2025 |title='Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai' movie review: Moving tale of boundless love |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2025/Feb/15/kaadhal-enbadhu-podhu-udamai-movie-review-moving-tale-of-boundless-love |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Vineeth married Priscilla Menon, who hails from [[Thalassery]], in August 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/telugu/movienews/morenews167.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111153212/http://movies.indiainfo.com/telugu/movienews/morenews167.html |url-status=dead |title=Vineeth ties nuptial knot |archive-date=11 November 2005 |access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> They live in [[Chennai]], and a daughter was born to them in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |last1=S |first1=Priyadershini |title=Elegant dancer, confident actor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/elegant-dancer-confident-actor/article2924022.ece |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=23 February 2012 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
* 1986 - ''Kalaprathibha'' - [[Kerala School Kalolsavam]]
* 1992 - Best New Face award by Film Fan's Association in Tamil Nadu for ''[[Aavarampoo]]''
* 1992 - [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]] Second Best Actor award for ''[[Daivathinte Vikrithikal]]'' and ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]''
* 1993 - Supporting Actor award by Film Fan's Association in Tamil Nadu for ''[[Jathi Malli]]'' and ''[[Pudhiya Mugam]]''
* 2006 - Yuvakala Bharathi award - ''Bharath Kalachar''
* 2009 - [[Kalaimamani]] Award from [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
* 2013 - [[Asiavision Awards]] for Best Supporting Actor<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/mammotty-kavya-madhavan-bag-asiavision-awards-2013-11-05-1.526962 |title=Mammotty, Kavya Madhavan bag Asiavision awards |author=VM Sathish |work=Emirates 24-7 |date=5 November 2013 |access-date=7 January 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060116/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/mammotty-kavya-madhavan-bag-asiavision-awards-2013-11-05-1.526962 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2013 - [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Malayalam]] - Nominated for ''[[Bavuttiyude Namathil]]''
* 2017 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography]] - ''[[Kambhoji (film)|Kambhoji]]'' for the song "Chenthar Nermukhi"
* 2020 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]] - ''[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|Lucifer]]'' (dubbed for [[Vivek Oberoi]])
* 2021 - [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]] - ''[[Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham]]'' (dubbed for [[Arjun Sarja]])

==Filmography==
=== Malayalam films===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Idanilangal]]'' || Kunjumon ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1986 || ''[[Nakhakshathangal]]'' || Ramu ||
|-
| ''[[Pranamam]]'' || Appukuttan||
|-
| ''[[Namukku Parkkan Munthiri Thoppukal]]'' || Antony ||
|-
| ''[[Idanazhiyil Oru Kaalocha]]'' || Ananth||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1987 || ''[[Oridathu]]'' || Josekutty ||
|-
| ''[[Amrutham Gamaya]]'' || Unnikrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Rithubhedam]]'' ||Keshavan ||
|-
| ''[[Ponnu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kanikanum Neram]]'' || Vinu ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1988 || ''[[Aranyakam]]'' || Mohan ||
|-
| ''[[Kanakambarangal]]'' ||Rajan ||
|-
| ''[[Janmandharam]]'' || Unnikrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Muthassi Katha]]'' ||Chanthu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1989 || ''[[Mahayanam]]'' || Rameshan ||
|-
| ''[[Rugmini]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1990 || ''[[Lal Salam (1990 film)|Lal Salam]]'' ||Medayil Josekutty ||
|-
| ''[[Kattukuthira]]'' ||Mohan ||
|-
| ''Aaram Vardil Aabhyanthara Kalaham''|| ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1992 || ''[[Champakulam Thachan]]'' || Chanthutti ||
|-
| ''[[Aacharyan]]'' || Abraham||
|-
| ''[[Daivathinte Vikrithikal]]'' || Son of Landlord || Kerala State Film Critics Association Second Best Actor Award
|-
| ''[[Kamaladalam]]'' || Somashekharanunni (Malavika's lover) ||
|-
| ''[[Sargam (1992 film)|Sargam]]'' || Haridas || Kerala State Film Critics Association Second Best Actor Award
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1993 || ''[[Gazal (1993 film)|Gazal]]'' ||Muneer ||
|-
| ''[[Samooham]]'' || Udayan||
|-
| ''[[Kalippattam]]'' || Harikrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Kabooliwala|Kabuliwala]]'' || Munna ||
|-
| ''Kanyakumariyil Oru Kavitha'' ||Vishnu ||
|-
| ''[[Arthana]]'' || Jayakrishnan ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1994 || ''[[Manathe Vellitheru]]'' || Ramesh ||
|-
| ''[[Parinayam (1994 film)|Parinayam]]'' || Madhavan ||
|-
| ''[[Daivathinte Vikrithikal]] '' ||Landlord's son ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1995 || ''[[Thakshashila]]'' ||Salman ||
|-
| ''[[Highway (1995)|Highway]]'' || Vinod Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Thacholi Varghese Chekavar]]'' || Shyam ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1996 || ''[[Kala Pani (1996 film)|Kala Pani]]'' || G S Sethu || Dubbed in Tamil as ''[[Sirai Chaalai]]''
|-
| ''[[Hitler (1996 film)|Hitler]]''||Whistling Passenger|||Cameo appearance
|-
| ''Kavadam''||||Unreleased
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1999 || ''[[Mazhavillu]]'' || Vijay Krishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Prempujari]]'' || Murali ||
|-
| ''[[Ustaad (1999 film)|Ustaad]]'' || Nandan ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Darling Darling (2000 film)|Darling Darling]]'' || Subash Chandra Bose/ Kochu Kurup / Aniyankutty (fake identity) ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004 || ''[[Perumazhakkalam]]'' || Raghu Rama Iyer || Guest Appearance
|-
| ''[[Chathikkatha Chanthu]]'' || Krishna ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2005 || ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2005 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' || Victor Joseph ||
|-
| ''[[Mayookham]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006 || ''[[Moonnamathoral]]'' || Dr. Arun ||
|-
| ''[[Vadakkum Nathan]]'' || Parameshwaran ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Rathri Mazha]]'' || Harikrishnan ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Mizhikal Sakshi]]'' || Aravind ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2009 || ''[[2 Harihar Nagar]]'' || Shyam Sundhar ||
|-
| ''[[Chemistry (2009 film)|Chemistry]]'' || Aloshy ||
|-
| ''[[Banaras (2009 film)|Banaras]]'' || Hari ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010 || ''Neelambari'' || Devanand ||
|-
| ''Thathwamasi'' || Rameshan ||
|-
| ''Killy Killy'' || Aloshy ||
|-
| 2011 || ''Munthiri Paadam'' || Munna ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2012 || ''[[Bavuttiyude Namathil]]'' || Satheeshan ||
|-
| ''Ideal Couple'' ||Ganeshan ||
|-
| ''[[Father's Day (2012 film)|Father's Day]]'' ||Gopan ||
|-
| ''[[Arike (film)|Arike]]''|| Balu ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2013 || ''[[Breaking News Live]]'' || Deepak ||
|-
| ''Omega Brothers'' ||Sidharth ||
|-
| ''[[Aattakatha (2013 film)|Aattakatha]]'' || Unnikrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Ezhamathe Varavu]]'' || Prasad ||
|-
| ''[[Cleopatra (2013 film)|Cleopatra]]''|| ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Swapaanam]]'' || Thuppan Namboodiri ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015 || ''[[100 Days of Love]]''|| S. P. Pillai ||
|-
| ''Sukhamayirikkatte'' || ||
|-
|''[[Kumbasaram]]''|| Rafi ||
|-
|''[[Njan Samvidhanam Cheyyum|Njan Samvidhanam Cheyum]]''|| ||
|-
| ''Akkaldhamayile Pennu'' || Anto ||
|-
| 2016 || ''Pallikoodam'' || Gokul Sir ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Kambhoji (film)|Kambhoji]]'' || Kunjunni ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''Panthu''|| Anwar ||
|-
| ''[[Madhaveeyam]]'' || Madhav Dev ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 ||''[[Vaanku (film)|Vaanku]]'' || Razak ||
|-
| ''[[Kaalchilambu]]'' || Kannan, Jayadevan ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023 ||''[[Pachuvum Athbutha Vilakkum]]'' || Riyas ||
|-
| ''[[Dhoomam (2023)|Dhoomam]]'' || Praveen ||
|-
| ''[[Nila (2023 film)|Nila]]'' || Mahi || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/nila-movie-review/|title=Nila review: This well-intentioned movie from director Indu Lakshmi celebrates womanhood|first=Arjun|last=Ramachandran|date=26 March 2023|website=The South First}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Manorathangal]]'' || Venugopal's father || Released on [[ZEE5]] Anthology series Segment: Kadugannawa, Oru Yathra Kurippu <ref>{{cite news |last=Panniker |first=Rohit |date=14 July 2024 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/mt-vasudevan-nairs-anthology-series-gets-a-title-trailer-release-on-this-date-article-111726840 |title=MT Vasudevan Nair's Anthology Series Gets A Title, Trailer Release On This Date! |work=[[Times Now]] |access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2025 || ''[[Dheeran (2025 film)|Dheeran]]'' || Abubackar Haji ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajesh Madhavan's Dheeran gets a release window |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/May/31/rajesh-madhavans-dheeran-gets-a-release-window |work=Cinema Express |date=31 May 2025 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dominic and the Ladies' Purse]]'' || Adv. Prakash Menon ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alexander |first=Princy |date=29 January 2025 |title=I have no qualms about playing villain roles as long as my characters excite me: Vineeth |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/interviews/2025/01/29/actor-vineeth-radhakrishnan-dominic-and-the-ladies-purse-mammootty-film-interview.html |work=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=1 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Eko (film)|Eko]]'' || Mohan Pothan ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sandeep Pradeep's Eko gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Nov/08/sandeep-pradeeps-eko-gets-a-release-date |work=Cinema Express |date=8 November 2025 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sarvam Maya]]'' || Vinod Mathew Manjooran||<ref>{{Cite news |title= Sarvam Maya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/sarvam-maya-box-office-collections-day-6-nivin-pauly-back-in-form-crosses-rs-26-crores-in-india/articleshow/126261877.cms |work=The Times of India |date=31 December 2025 |access-date= 31 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2026|| ''[[Secret Stories: Roslin]]'' || John||[[JioHotstar]] series<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/amp/movies-music/news/secret-stories-roslin-trailer-jeethu-joseph-vinayak-sasikumar-rz12qv8r |title=വിനായക് ശശികുമാറിന്റെ തിരക്കഥ,ജീത്തു ജോസഫ് ഷോ റണ്ണർ;’സീക്രട്ട് സ്റ്റോറീസ്: റോസ്ലിൻ’ ട്രെയ്ലർ പുറത്ത് |website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>
|}

===Tamil films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Aavarampoo]]'' || Sakkarai || Best New Face Awarded from the Film Fan's Association in Tamil Nadu
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1993 || ''[[Jathi Malli]]'' || Moscow ||
|-
| ''[[Pudhiya Mugam]]'' || Raja Rajeswaran / Hari (dual role) ||
|-
| ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' || Ramesh ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[May Madham]]'' || Eeshwar ||
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Kadhal Desam]]'' || Karthik ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1997 || ''[[Sakthi (1997 film)|Sakthi]]'' || Sakthi ||
|-
| ''[[Devathai]]'' || Umapathi ||
|-
| ''[[Nandhini (film)|Nandhini]]'' || Suresh ||
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Simmarasi]]'' || Kathir ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|1999 || ''[[Maravathe Kanmaniye]]'' || Surya ||
|-
| ''[[Suyamvaram]]'' || Gautham ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Karisakattu Poove]]'' || Pounrasu ||
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Vedham]]'' || Sanjay ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2003 || ''[[Kadhal Kirukkan]]'' || Gautham ||
|-
| ''[[Priyamana Thozhi]]'' || Michael D'Souza ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' || Viswanathan & Gunashekaran ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Pasakiligal]]'' || Nallarasu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2008 || ''[[Sila Nerangalil]]'' || Madhavan ||
|-
| ''[[Uliyin Osai]]'' || Iniyan ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Sarvam Thaala Mayam]]''|| Mani ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai]]''|| Devaraj ||
|-
|}

=== Telugu films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Sarigamalu]]''|| Kalidasu ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1997 || ''Evandi Pelli Chesukondi'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''[[Aaro Pranam]]'' || Chanti ||
|-
| ''[[Rukmini (film)|Rukmini]]'' || Ravi ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|1998 || ''Prema Pallaki'' || ||
|-
| ''Priyuralu'' || || Dubbed in Malayalam as ''Manjeeradhwani''
|-
| ''[[Padutha Theeyaga (film)|Padutha Theeyaga]]'' || Rushi || <ref>{{cite news |title=PAADUTHA TEEYAGA |url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/paadutha.htm |work=Andhra Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990129042446/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/paadutha.htm |access-date=25 August 2024|archive-date=29 January 1999 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[W/o V. Vara Prasad]]'' || Varaprasad ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999 || ''Preminchalani Vundi'' || ||
|-
| ''Prema Kosam'' || Rahul || <ref>[http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Oct/22-oct-1999.pdf Archived copy]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913150723/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Oct/22-oct-1999.pdf|date=13 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2000 || '' Balaram'' || Srinivasa Prasad ||
|-
| ''[[Maa Annayya]]'' || Shekhar ||
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Ammayi Kosam]]'' || Venkat ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2002 || ''[[Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo]]'' ||Srinivasa Naidu ||
|-
| ''[[Nee Premakai]]'' ||Srinivas ||
|-
| 2003 || ''Maa Baapu Bommaki Pellanta''|| Krishnamoorthy ||Cameo appearance
|-
| 2005 || ''Thanks'' || Sri Ram ||
|-
| 2021 ||''[[Rang De]]''|| Arjun's brother-in-law ||
|}

=== Other language films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! References
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Daud: Fun on the Run]]'' || Inspector Sri || [[Hindi]] ||
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Kanasalu Neene Manasalu Neene]]'' || Raghunandan || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Bokshu – The Myth]]'' || Rati's lover || [[English language|English]] ||<ref>{{cite web |last=Young |first=Deborah |title=Bokshu, The Myth |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/markets-festivals/bokshu-the-myth-1200515561/ |publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=18 December 2017 |date=13 June 2006 |archive-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132602/https://variety.com/2006/film/markets-festivals/bokshu-the-myth-1200515561/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |title=Why can't an Indian make a film in English? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/22sen.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=18 December 2017 |date=22 May 2002 |archive-date=4 March 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030304082824/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/22sen.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'' || Sharad Pradhan / Shashidhar || Hindi ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Aptharakshaka]]'' || Ramanatha || Kannada ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Queens! Destiny Of Dance]]'' || Mukta || Hindi ||
|}

===Dubbing===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Dubbed for !! Character !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|Lucifer]]'' || [[Vivek Oberoi]] || Bimal Nair / Bobby || rowspan="6" |Malayalam || Won, [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Big Brother (2020 film)|Big Brother]]'' || [[Arbaaz Khan]] || Vedantham IPS||
|-
| ''[[The Kung Fu Master]]'' || Jiji Scaria || Rishi Ram||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham]]'' || [[Arjun Sarja]] || Ananthan || Won, [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Kaduva]]'' || [[Vivek Oberoi]] || I.G Joseph Chandy / Ouseppukutty ||
|-
| ''[[Rendagam|Ottu]]'' || [[Arvind Swamy]] ||David ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Vineeth}}
* [http://www.actorvineeth.com Actor Vineeth - Official Website]
* {{IMDb name|0898913}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vineeth}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kannur]]
[[Category:People from Thalassery]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala Film Critics Awards winners]]

Hanuman Natyagraha

2026-03-23T20:09:56Z

Sergdxx: Added First Details Basic Info!

{{Short description|Theatre centre in Goa, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}

[[File:Mapusa_Aerial_Natyagruha.jpg|thumb|Aerial shot of the theatre centre, 2015]]

'''Hanuman Natyagraha'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-11-23 |title=Mapusa's Hanuman Natyagraha in need of facelift |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/mapusas-hanuman-natyagraha-in-need-of-facelift/articleshow/66757643.cms |access-date=2024-06-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> is a prominent theatre centre, which hosts plays primarily in the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] languages, in the [[North Goa]] commercial town of [[Mapusa]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Town Survey Report: Goa, Daman & Diu, Mapusa. series-29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqVLHwe98VkC&q=%22Hanuman+Natya+Graha%22+-wikipedia |website=www.google.com |publisher=Controller of Publications |access-date=10 January 2024 |page=8 |language=en |date=1988}}</ref>

== History ==
The Hanuman Natyagraha was established in the late 1970s as an initiative of the [[Hanuman]] Temple Committee of [[Mapusa]] to provide a dedicated venue for [[Konkani cinema|Konkani]] and [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] theatrical performances (tiatr and natak) in North Goa.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |last=D’Souza |first=Denver |title=Mapusa's Hanuman Natyagraha in need of facelift |work=The Times of India |date=23 November 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/mapusas-hanuman-natyagraha-in-need-of-facelift/articleshow/66757643.cms |access-date=2025-07-04}}</ref> Built adjacent to the town's central Hanuman temple, the auditorium originally named "Hanuman Bhavan" was funded through community donations and designed to seat approximately 800 patrons, including a 300‑seat balcony that quickly made it Mapusa's premier cultural landmark.<ref>{{cite report |title=Town Survey Report: Goa, Daman & Diu, Mapusa |series=Series-29 |publisher=Controller of Publications, Government of India |year=1988 |page=112}}</ref>

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Hanuman Natyagraha hosted dozens of annual tiatr festivals and became instrumental in the growth of Goa's Konkani theatre movement, launching the careers of leading playwrights and actors in the region.<ref>{{cite report |title=Town Survey Report: Goa, Daman & Diu, Mapusa |series=Series-29 |publisher=Controller of Publications, Government of India |year=1988 |page=115}}</ref> By the 2000s, however, the facility showed signs of wear like aging seating, inadequate ventilation, and an outdated stage setup limited its ability to attract larger productions. In 2018, the Times of India reported that the temple committee had drafted a ₹1.5 crore renovation plan covering air conditioning, seating replacement, and lighting upgrades to restore Hanuman Natyagraha to its former status as Goa's leading theatre centre.<ref name="TOI"/> Responding to growing concerns, the temple committee and [[Government of Goa]] pledged ₹30 lakh in 2019 for improvements, though progress remained slow amid funding shortfalls and debates over whether to renovate in phases or rebuild entirely.<ref>{{cite web |last=Herald Goa Bureau |title=Bardez taluka yearning for cultural centre for years |website=Herald Goa |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/The-Sunday-Roundtable/bardez-taluka-yearning-for-cultural-centre-for-years/62434 |date=18 May 2019 |access-date=2025-07-04}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|15.590|73.810|display=title}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mapusa]]

Namaste Tower

2026-03-22T02:50:20Z

Sergdxx: slightly added structure after review and added references based on references

{{Short description|Skyscraper office buildings in Mumbai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox building
|name = Namaste Tower
|native_name = '''नमस्ते टावर'''
|native_name_lang = hi
|location = [[Lower Parel]], [[Mumbai]]
|pushpin_map = Mumbai
|coordinates =
|image = Namaste Tower Mumbai.jpg
|caption = Artist's impression of the Namaste Tower
|building_type = Residential, Commercial
|status = On hold
|architectual =
|height = {{convert|310|m|ft}}
|floor_count = 63
|construction_start_date = 2011
|est_completion = ?
|opening_date =
|elevator_count =
|floor_area = {{Convert|116000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
|developer = Jaguar Buildcon
|architect = [[Atkins (company)|WS Atkins Plc]]
|references = <ref name=CTBUH>{{cite web |url=http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=building&building_id=10277 |title=Namaste Tower Facts - CTBUH Skyscraper Center |publisher=[[CTBUH]] |access-date=2011-02-01 |archive-date=7 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707060513/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=building&building_id=10277 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Emporis">{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/namaste-tower-mumbai-india|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223730/http://www.emporis.com/building/namaste-tower-mumbai-india|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2 December 2013|title=Namaste Tower, Mumbai|publisher=[[Emporis]]|access-date=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="traders1">{{cite web|author=4-traders |url=http://www.4-traders.com/news/W-Hotels-Worldwide-Continues-Global-Expansion-with-the-Announcement-of-W-Mumbai--13595134/ |title=W Hotels Worldwide Continues Global Expansion with the Announcement of W Mumbai |publisher=4-traders.com |access-date=2011-04-06}}</ref>
}}

'''Namaste Tower''' was a planned {{convert|310|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall [[skyscraper]] mega project in [[Mumbai]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_indias-first-w-hotel-coming-up-off-mahalaxmi-racecourse_1501544 |title=India's first W hotel coming up off Mahalaxmi racecourse - Mumbai - DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |access-date=2011-02-01}}</ref> It would have been a mixed-use skyscraper of 63 floors housing a 380-room [[W Hotel]], offices and retail space. It was designed by [[Atkins (company)|Atkins]], [[Dubai]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/project.cfm?id=2878 |title=Namaste: Hotel and Office Tower |publisher=World Buildings Directory |access-date=2011-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204013744/http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/project.cfm?id=2878 |archive-date=2011-02-04 }}</ref> The design resembles the [[Namaste]] gesture: two wings of the hotel are clasped together like hands greeting.

It would have been built in Lower Parel, Mumbai, on land previously owned by Ambika Mills. The land was acquired by the builders for ongoing [[redevelopment of Mumbai mills]].

==See also==
*[[List of tallest buildings in Mumbai]]
*[[List of tallest buildings in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Supertall skyscrapers|Proposed}}
{{Skyscrapers in Mumbai}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|India|Architecture}}

{{coord|18|59|29|N|72|49|24|E|region:IN-MH_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures under construction in India]]
[[Category:Skyscraper hotels in Mumbai]]
[[Category:W Hotels]]

Muhammad after the occupation of Mecca

2026-03-21T17:00:49Z

Sergdxx: reworked details after review

{{Short description|Period of Muhammad's life following the Muslim conquest of Mecca}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2006}}
{{Muhammad}}The [[Islam]]ic prophet [[Muhammad]] led the [[conquest of Mecca]] in [[Ramadan]] of the Islamic year 8 AH (corresponding to Dec. 629/Jan. 630). The [[Quraysh]] in [[Mecca]] was Muhammad's final major rival in the [[Arabian Peninsula]], and following the conquest Muhammad focused [[Military career of Muhammad|his military operations]] on further expansion of his Islamic realm to the north, with a campaign against the [[Ghassanids]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]].

Muhammad died on 8 June 632. In the period following his death, known as the [[First Fitna|first ''fitna'']], there was significant internal conflict in the Islamic world about the [[succession to Muhammad]], further worsening the [[Sunni-Shia divide|Shia-Sunni divide]].

== Background ==
This period was preceded by that of [[Muhammad in Medina]], and began after the [[Conquest of Mecca]], which was the result of the violation of the [[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]], signed between the Muslims and the Quraysh as a 9 year, 9 month and 9 day armistice in the year 629.

=== Treaty of Hudaybiyyah ===
{{Main|Treaty of Hudaybiyyah}}
{{See also|Pledge of the Tree}}
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was a pact signed between Muhammad and the Quraysh in the year 629, following Muhammad's departure from Medina to perform the [[Umrah]] pilgrimage. After taking an unconventional route around Mecca, Muhammad and his companions encamped at Hudaybiyyah, and the treaty was drafted, signed and ratified here. It was presented as a 9 year, 9 month and 9 day armistice between the Muslims, the Quraysh, and their allies.

Less than two years later, the tribe of Banu Bakr, which was allied with the Quraysh, broke the treaty when they attacked the Banu Khuza'ah, who were allied with the Muslims. Muhammad gave the violators 4 months to reconsider their position and demanded [[Qisas|retributive justice]] for the victims. After this 4-month period expired, Muhammad marched with a 10,000-strong army toward Mecca.

==History==
===Conquest of Mecca===
{{Main|Conquest of Mecca}}
[[File:Conquest of Makkah.svg|thumb|Conquest of Makkah]]
Muhammad led around 10,000 of his companions toward Mecca in Ramadan 8 AH, which could correspond to December 629 or January 630. [[Abu Sufyan]], leader of the Quraysh in [[Mecca]], aware that Mecca could not prepare a force matching the strength of Muhammad's, left for Medina in an attempt to restore the treaty, but Muhammad refused to accommodate him, and Abu Sufyan returned to Mecca. He later negotiated a bloodless transfer-of-power of Mecca from the Quraysh and converted to [[Islam]]<ref>K. Armstrong, ''Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet'' (London: Phoenix, 2001 ed.), p. 642.</ref> Muhammad acted generously to the Meccans, demanding only that the pagan idols in and around the Kaaba be destroyed.

====Battle of Hunayn====
{{Islamic prophets|Events}}The Battle of Hunain was fought between Muhammad and his followers against the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin and its subsection the Thaqif in 630 in a valley on one of the roads leading from Mecca to al-Ta'if. The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims, who captured enormous spoils. The Battle of Hunayn is one of only two battles mentioned in the Qur'an by name, in Sura. The Hawazin and their allies, the Thaqif, began mobilizing their forces when they learnt from their spies that Muhammad and his army had departed from Medina to begin an assault on Mecca. The confederates apparently hoped to attack the Muslim army while it besieged Mecca. Muhammad, however, uncovered their intentions through his own spies in the camp of the Hawazin, and marched against the Hawazin just two weeks after the conquest of Mecca with a force of 12,000 men.{{Citation needed|date= September 2011}} Only four weeks had elapsed since quitting Medina. The Bedouin commander Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri ambushed the Muslims at a place where the road to al-Taif enters winding gorges; the Muslims, surprised by the assault of the Bedouin cavalry, who they thought were encamped at Awtas, began retreating in disarray. Modern historians have been unable to fully reconstruct the course of the battle from this point onwards because the different Muslim sources describing the battle give contradictory accounts.{{Citation needed|date= September 2011}} Because Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri had brought the families and flocks of the Hawazin along, the Muslims were able to capture huge spoils, consisting of 6,000 women and children and 24,000 camels. Some Bedouins fled, and split into two groups. One group went back, resulting in the Battle of Autas, while the larger group found refuge at al-Ta'if, where Muhammad besieged them.

====Siege of Ta'if====
The [[Siege of Taif]] took place in 630 CE, as the Muslims besieged the city of Taif after their victory in the Battle of Hunayn and Autas. However, the city did not succumb to the siege. One of their chieftains, Urwah ibn Mas'ud, was absent in Yemen during that siege.

====10 AH====
*[[Hadith of Mubahela]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/kaaba14/2.htm |title=Muhammad |access-date=2006-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924104616/http://www.al-islam.org/kaaba14/2.htm |archive-date=2013-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===631 CE===

====Battle of Tabouk====
The [[Battle of Tabouk]] (also called the Battle of Tabuk) was a military expedition said to have been led by Muhammed in October 630 CE. According to Muslim biographies, Muhammed led a force of as many as 30,000 north to Tabouk in present-day northwestern Saudi Arabia, with the intention of engaging the Byzantine army. Though not a battle in the typical sense, if historical the event would represent the opening conflict in the coming Byzantine-Arab wars. There is no contemporary Byzantine account of the events, and much of the details come from later Muslim sources. Noting this, as well as the fact that the armies never met, some Western scholars have questioned the authenticity of the details surrounding the event; though in the Arab world it is widely held as historical.{{Citation needed|date= September 2011}}

====Ghassanids====
The [[Ghassanids]] were a group of South Arabian Christian tribes that emigrated in the early 3rd century from Yemen to the Hauran in southern Syria, Jordan and the Holy Land where some intermarried[dubious – discuss] with Hellenized Roman settlers and Greek-speaking Early Christian communities. The term Ghassān refers to the kingdom of the Ghassanids.

====Thaqif adopts Islam====
[[Thaqif]], the main tribe of the town of Ta'if, adopted Islam in 632, which was exciting since they were beaten in the battle of Hunayn against the Muslims.

===632===

==== Thursday, June 4 – Muhammad's will====
Muhammad became ill and his health took a serious turn on a Thursday. He summoned his companions and announced that he wanted to write a will, he asked for writing materials to write a statement that would "prevent the Muslim nation from going astray for ever". The first person to reply was Umar, answering that there was no need for any will as Muhammad was ill and Umar had the Qur'an, which was sufficient for him.

==== Saturday, June 6 – Usama's dispatchment====
Muhammad had earlier sent an expedition against the [[Byzantine Empire]] (Roman) that led to what was known as the [[Battle of Mut'ah]]. The leader of that expedition was the dark-colored [[Zayd ibn Haritha]], Muhammad's former adopted son. Zayd died during that expedition.

==== Monday, June 8 – death====
He died on Monday, June 8, 632 A.D/ 12 Rabi' ul-Awwal, 11 A.H.

==Aftermath==
This period was followed by the period of the [[Succession to Muhammad]].

==See also==
*[[History of Islam]]
*[[Timeline of Islamic history]]

==References==
<References/>

[[Category:Life of Muhammad]]

Bombay Rockers

2026-03-21T15:29:26Z

Sergdxx: added formatting additionally

{{Short description|Danish-Indian band}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| background = group_or_band
| name = Bombay Rockers
| origin = Denmark
| genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[Hip hop music|hip hop]]|[[Rock music|rock]]|[[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]]}}
| years_active = 2003–present
| website = {{URL|bombayrockers.com}}
| label = {{hlist|[[Times Music]]|[[Discowax]]}}
| current_members =
* Navtej Singh Rehal
* Thomas Sardorf
}}

'''Bombay Rockers'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/article-band/Bombay-Rockers/203|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518102207/http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/article-band/Bombay-Rockers/203|url-status=usurped|archive-date=18 May 2015|title=planetradiocity.com has expired|website=planetradiocity.com}}</ref> is a Danish musical duo popular in India. Their debut album, ''[[Introducing (Bombay Rockers album)|Introducing]]'', has gone five times [[Platinum album|Platinum]], with sales of over 100,000 records.

==History==
In 2003, Danish-Indian singer [[Navtej Singh Rehal]] (Naf)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/newstopics/bombay-rockers.html|title=Bombay Rockers News: Latest News and Updates on Bombay Rockers at News18|website=news18.com}}{{dead link||date=February 2025}}</ref> was introduced to the production duo known as WCA, which consisted of Thomas Sardorf and Janus Barnewitz. They jammed together and eventually formed the band Bombay Rockers, with Naf providing [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Hindi]] vocals and Sardorf singing in English. Barnewitz worked with the duo on production as well as initially managing the band.<ref name="Tyagi">{{cite web|last=Tyagi|first=Akshay|title=Bombay Rockers talk about their past/present/future, and the Desi music scene|date=23 February 2012 |url=http://www.themusiciris.com/22/bombay-rockers-talk-about-everything/|publisher=The MusicIRIS|accessdate=25 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet the rockers |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/meet-the-rockers/cid/1660154 |website=telegraphindia.com |date=21 May 2005 |access-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>

Their first collaboration, "Ari Ari", got significant airplay in Denmark. In July 2003, Bombay Rockers went onstage with the [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] duo [[Filur]] at [[Roskilde Festival]], in front of roughly 25,000 people.<ref name="Tyagi" />

"Sexy Mama", released in late 2003, was the first single from their debut album, ''[[Introducing (Bombay Rockers)|Introducing]]''; the track received airplay all over Denmark.<ref name="Tyagi" /> The trio's next single, "Rock tha Party", became another major radio hit.<ref name="Tyagi" /> It was featured in the 2016 action film ''[[Rocky Handsome]]''. ''Introducing'' came out in 2005.

The group's second album, ''Crash and Burn'', was released in 2007. Their third, ''Rock and Dhol'', came out in 2011. It received positive reviews, and the singles "Lets Dance", "Nava Nava", and "Ishq" proved popular not only in Denmark but also in India and Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Bombay-Rockers-back-with-a-new-album/articleshow/8126727.cms|title=Bombay Rockers back with a new album! – Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=d'Cruz |first1=Caroline }}</ref>

==Discography==
{{columns-start}}

===Studio albums===
* ''Introducing...'' (2005)
* ''Crash and Burn'' (2007)
* ''Rock and Dhol'' (2011)

===Remix albums===
* ''Rock tha Party'' (2004)

{{column}}

===Singles===
* "Sexy Mama" (2003)
* "Wild Rose" (2005)
* "Out of Control" (2006)
* "Kushi" (2007)
* "Beautiful" (2007)
* "Let's Dance" (2011)
{{columns-end}}

===Soundtrack appearances===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Music
! scope="col" |Lyrics
! scope="col" |Co-artist(s)
!Ref.
|-
|2016
! scope="row" |''[[Rocky Handsome]]''
|"Rock tha Party"
|Bombay Rockers
|[[Kumaar]], Bombay Rockers
|
|
|-
|2019
! scope="row" |''[[Satellite Shankar]]''
|"Aari Aari"
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|Kumaar
|Romy
|
|-
|2026
! scope="row" |''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge (soundtrack)|Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
|"Aari Aari"
|[[Shashwat Sachdev]]
|[[Irshad Kamil]], Bombay Rockers, [[Reble]], [[Token (rapper)|Token]]
|Khaan Saab, [[Jasmine Sandlas]], Sudhir Yaduvanshi, Reble, Token
|<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar the Revenge revives Ari Ari, early 2000s pop song by Bombay Rockers |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/dhurandhar-the-revenge-revives-early-2000s-pop-song-ari-ari-by-bombay-rockers-23620003 |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=7 March 2026 |title=Dhurandhar 2 Trailer: How 'Ari Ari' Went from Punjabi Roots to Hip-Hop Fame and Became the Film's Viral OST|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/dhurandhar-2-trailer-ari-ari-song-punjabi-to-hip-hop-viral-ost-1830166 |publisher=ABP News}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|bombayrockers.com}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Danish rock music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2002]]

N. H. Wadia

2026-03-21T12:28:53Z

Sergdxx: creating new details

{{Short description|Indian physician}}
{{primary sources|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = N. H. Wadia
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1925|01|20}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2016|04|10|1925|01|10}}
| death_place =
| occupation =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}

'''Noshir Hormusjee''' "'''N. H.'''" '''Wadia''' (20 January 1925 – 10 April 2016) was an Indian [[physician]]. He was a prominent figure in the field of [[neurology]].<ref>{{cite web|title=IN MEMORIAM: Noshir H. Wadia, MD|url=https://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/in-memoriam-noshir-h-wadia-md/|publisher=World Neurology Online|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> Wadia was given the [[Padma Bhushan]] award by the [[Government of India]].<ref>[https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/padma-awards-announced-%E2%80%93-full-list_754735.html?pagenumber=2 Padma awards announced – Full list] (Accessed on 26 June 2013)</ref><ref name=pib3>{{cite press release|title=Padma Awards Announced|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |date=25 January 2012|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> He was also given the Certificate of Appreciation for Services to Neurology by the [[World Federation of Neurology]] in 1993.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160813021727/http://www.insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N86-0952 Indian National Science Academy website]}} (Accessed on 26 June 2013)</ref> He pioneered the practice of neurology in India.

==Career==
Noshir Hormusjee Wadia entered Grant Medical College, [[Mumbai|Bombay]] in 1943 and finished his MD Medicine from there in 1948, and did his [[Membership of the Royal College of Physicians|MRCP]] from London. He joined as a Registrar, Neurology to Lord Brain, National Hospital for Nervous Diseases (1952–56), and then to the London Hospital as a Registrar and Tutor at the Medical School. He came back to India in 1957 and became Honorary Assistant Neurologist to his beloved alma mater. He served as a lecturer in neurology (1961–68) and Honorary Professor (1968–82), [[Grant Medical College]].<ref>DNA -Academy Sunday, 20 September 2009, Kareena Gianani [http://www.dnaindia.com/academy/1291596/report-alumni-to-restore-grant-medical-college Alumni to restore Grant Medical College] (Accessed on 28 June 2013)</ref> He headed the Neurology department at Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals for 25 years till 1982, when he stepped down and had his position taken by Bhimsen Singhal, one of his students. On retirement, he joined as a Consultant for Life at the Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, and he was the Director, Neurology Department at Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre (1973 to-date). He was felicitated DSc (hc) by [[Banaras Hindu University]] (1999).<ref name="insaindia.org">{{Cite web | url=http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=N86-0952 | title=INSA, India}}</ref>

==Books==
N H Wadia is an author of book in Neurology 'Neurological Practice :An Indian Perspective.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qgUGdnZ3hAYC&dq=n+h+wadia&pg=PR15 Neurological practice - An Indian perspective] (Accessed on 26 June 2013)</ref>'
He is one of the contributors of the book Tropical Neurology.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XpsAAAAMAAJ | title=Tropical Neurology| last1=Spillane| first1=John David| year=1973| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-264154-0}}</ref>

==Notable works==
Wadia has explored neurological manifestations of Acute hemorrhagic [[conjunctivitis]] due to [[enterovirus]] E 70.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 1027477 | pmid=6886696 | volume=46 | issue=7 | title=A study of the neurological disorder associated with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | pages=599–610 | last1 = Wadia | first1 = NH | last2 = Wadia | first2 = PN | last3 = Katrak | first3 = SM | last4 = Misra | first4 = VP | doi=10.1136/jnnp.46.7.599| year=1983 }}</ref>
*He described a new form of heredofamilial spinocerebellar degeneration with slow eye movements a completely new to the world. This later went on to be designated SCA 2.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1093/brain/94.2.359| title=A New Form of Heredo-Familial Spinocerebellar Degeneration with Slow Eye Movements (Nine Families)| journal=Brain| volume=94| issue=2| pages=359–374| year=1971| last1=Wadia| first1=N. H.| last2=Swami| first2=R. K.| pmid=5571047}}</ref>
*Myelopathy Complicating Congenital Atlanto Axial Dislocation.
*Atypical Features in [[acoustic neuroma]].
*Venous signs in Cerebral [[Angioma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/search?fulltext=n+h+wadia&submit=yes&x=0&y=0 |title=Advanced Search | Brain |website=brain.oxfordjournals.org |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306072207/http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/search?fulltext=n+h+wadia&submit=yes&x=0&y=0 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
Indian Academy of Neurology has set up an oration in annual conference in the name of Wadia.<ref>[http://www.ian.net.in/oration.html Indian Academy of Neurology - Exploring new frontiers in neurology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032156/http://www.ian.net.in/oration.html |date=24 September 2015 }} (Accessed on 26 June 2013)</ref>
* The Certificate of Appreciation for Services to Neurology by [[World Federation of Neurology]] (1993)
* First Rameshwardas Birla National Award for an Outstanding Practising Clinician in Modern Medicine (1999)
* Lifetime Achievement Award in Medical Excellence by Harvard Medical International and Wockhardt Ltd for Pioneering and Immense Contributions in Speciality of Neurology,
* SS Bhatnagar Medal for Excellence in General Science by INSA (2003)
* Dhanvantari Award by Dhanvantari Medical Foundation for Outstanding Contribution in [[Medicine]] (2003)
* Shree Dhanwantari Prize by INSA (2006). He was elected Fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (1972)<ref name="List of FellowsNAMS">{{cite web | url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf | title=List of Fellows — NAMS | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref>
* [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], Bangalore (1983)
* [[Royal College of Physicians]], London (1970)<ref name="insaindia.org"/>
* [[Padma Bhushan]], New Delhi, (2013)<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs of India | date=2013 | access-date=4 September 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wadia, N. H.}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian neurologists]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Wadia family]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom]]

Gopal Hari Deshmukh

2026-03-20T14:15:27Z

Sergdxx: fixed section and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian social reformer (1823–1892)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| era = 19th century philosophy
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| name = Gopal Hari Deshmukh
| honorific_prefix = [[Rao Bahadur]], ''Lokhitwadi''
| other_names = ''Lokhitwadi''
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1823|02|18}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[Company Raj|British India]]<ref>Garge, S. M., Editor, ''Bhartiya Samajvigyan Kosh'', Vol. III, Page. No. 321, published by Samajvigyan Mandal, Pune</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1892|10|09|1823|02|18}}
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| main_interests = Ethics, religion, [[humanism]]
| notable_ideas =
| influences =
| spouse =
| school_tradition =
}}
[[Rao Bahadur]] '''Gopal Hari Deshmukh''' ({{Pronunciation|Gopal Hari Deshmukh.wav|3=|help=no}}) also known as '''Lokhitwadi''' (18 February 1823 – 9 October 1892) was an Indian activist, [[intellectual|thinker]], [[social reformer]] and writer from [[Maharashtra]].
Deshmukh is regarded as an important figure of the Social Reform Movement in [[Maharashtra]].

==Early life==
Gopal Hari Deshmukh was born into a Maharashtrian [[Chitpavan Brahmin]] family in 1823. He was a descendant of Vishwanathpant Sidhaye, a native of Konkan and a Deshmukh who held a vatan (right to collect revenue/[[fief]]) of many villages.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC|title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire|publisher=Aakar Books|year=2005|isbn=9788187879541|page=159}}</ref> The family settled in [[Pune]] and were from then on known by the surname,'Deshmukh' .<ref>{{cite book|title=Lokahitawadi's Thought: A Critical Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzM_9zeY3lwC|page=16|author=Vasant Krishnaji Kshire|publisher=University of Poona|year=1977|quote=The ' Deshmukh's ' were 'Chittapavan' Brahmins, originally residents of Konkan, known by the surname “ Sidhaye ', but Vishwanathpant, father of the great-grand-father of Gopalrao who had the 'Deshmukhi' of twelve villages, earned the name 'Deshmukh', and thereafter, all his descendants began to be known as 'Deshmukh' instead of 'Sidhaye'.}}</ref> His father was the treasurer of [[Bapu Gokhale]], the general of [[Bajirao II]] during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]. Deshmukh studied at the Poona English Medium School.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1977|page=17|author=Bal Ram Nanda|isbn = 9781400870493|quote=His[Deshmukh's] family of Chitpawan Brahmans, one of the greatest beneficiaries of the Peshwa regime...}}</ref>

==Career==
Deshmukh started his career as a translator for the government then under [[British Raj]]. In 1867, the government appointed him a small cause judge in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]. He also worked as a Diwan for the princely state of [[Ratlam State|Ratlam]]. He held many other important positions, including those of the Assistant Inam Commissioner, Joint Judge of Nasik High Court, and Member of the Law Council. He retired as a sessions judge. Deshmukh received many honors for his service from the colonial government including '[[Justice of Peace]]' and '[[Raobahadur]]'.<ref>{{cite book|title=Language Politics, Elites, and the Public Sphere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATq1nRGNF0QC|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2001|pages=83–84|isbn = 9788178240145}}</ref>

==Social activism==
===Social work in Maharashtra===
At age 25, Deshmukh started writing articles aimed at social reform in Maharashtra in the weekly ''Prabhakar'' (प्रभाकर) under the pen name ''Lokhitawadi'' (लोकहितवादी). In the first two years, he penned 108 articles on social reform. That group of articles has come to be known in Marathi literature as ''Lokhitawadinchi Shatapatre'' (लोकहितवादींची शतपत्रे).

He promoted emancipation (liberation) and education of women, and wrote against arranged [[child marriage]]s, [[dowry]] system, and [[polygamy]], all of which were prevalent in India in his times.

He wrote against the evils of the caste system which was strongly prevalent in India in his times, condemned harmful [[Hindu]] religious orthodoxy, and attacked the monopoly in religious matters and rituals which Brahmin priests had through a long tradition (Deshmukh, himself, belonged to the Brahmin caste). He enunciated certain 15 principles for bringing about religious reform in Hindu society.<ref>{{cite book|title=Language Politics, Elites, and the Public Sphere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATq1nRGNF0QC|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2001|page=83|isbn = 9788178240145}}</ref>

Deshmukh co-founded a public library named as "Pune Nagar Vachan Mandir" in Pune under the leadership of the then British officials of [[Bombay Presidency]], Sir George Russel Clerke in 1948. He also donated some books to University of Bombay (1875) Library. His personal collection is added to University of Mumbai at J.N.Library knows as "Deshmukh collection". His life-size portrait (with some amount to add some new books from its interest every year) is donated to Univ. of Mumbai Library
He took a leadership role in founding ''Gyan Prakash'' (ज्ञानप्रकाश), ''[[Indu Prakash]]'' (इंदुप्रकाश), and ''Lokhitwadi'' (लोकहितवादी) periodicals in Maharashtra.

Lokahitwadi Gopal Hari Deshmukh Trust is now carrying forward his legacy by promoting and assisting social causes such as education of poor children by means of Scholarships, cleanlinesses drives, working with PMC and Police authorities to make roads safer and other social causes.

===Social work in Gujarat===
While Deshmukh was serving as a judge in Ahmedabad, he organized in that city annual speech conferences on social issues under the sponsorship of Premabhai Institute, and also himself delivered speeches. He established in Ahmedabad a branch of [[prarthana samaj]], founded an institute promoting remarriages of widows, and invigorated Gujarat Vernacular Society. He started a weekly ''Hitesha'' ('हितेच्छु) in both Gujarati and English. He also started " Gujarati Budhhi-Wardhak Sabha".

==Books==
Deshmukh wrote 35 books on diverse topics, including religious, social, economic, political, historic, and literary matters. He wrote Panipat war, Kalyog, Jatibhed, Lankecha Itihas. He also translated some English works into Marathi. Many books are written on him & his work by famous writers.

His writing includes topics like ''Panipat'', ''History of Gujarat'' and ''History of Lanka''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Independence Movement}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, Gopal Hari}}
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1823 births]]
[[Category:1892 deaths]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Prarthana Samaj]]

List of Pune Metro stations

2026-03-19T16:52:12Z

Sergdxx: creating new pg

{{Short description|Stations of the Pune Metro}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{GeoGroup|article=Category:Pune Metro stations}}
[[File:Pune Metro Map 2025.jpg|thumb|400px|Pune Metro rail map]]

This is a list of all stations of the [[Pune Metro]], a [[rapid transit]] system serving the city of [[Pune]] in [[Maharashtra]], India. Pune Metro is the [[List of metro systems|15th]] metro system in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2022/03/06/pics-pune-metro-phase-1-inaugurated-by-pm-modi/|title=(Pics) Pune Metro Phase 1 Inaugurated by PM Modi |website=The Metro Rail Guy|date=6 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref>

It is built and operated by the Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited being inaugurated and opened for public on 6 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-shares-handwritten-note-on-inauguration-of-pune-metro-rail-project-1921365-2022-03-06|title=PM Modi inaugurates Pune metro rail project, shares handwritten note|website=[[India Today]]|date=6 March 2022|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>

== Metro stations ==
{| class="wikitable" width="30%"
|style="background-color:#AFEEEE"|†
|Terminal station
|-
|style="background-color:#FFFF99"|*
|Transfer station
|-
|style="background-color:#F5DEB3"|††
|Transfer station to [[Indian Railways]] / [[Inter State Bus Terminals|ISBT]]
|-
|style="background-color:#F0E68C"|#*
|Terminal and transfer station to [[Indian Railways]] / [[Inter State Bus Terminals|ISBT]]
|}

===Operational===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;" style=font-size:95%; width="100%"
! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Sr. No.
! colspan="2" width="28%" |Metro Station
! rowspan="2" width="13%" |Line
! rowspan="2" width="13%" |Opened
! rowspan="2" width="8%" |Layout
! rowspan="2" width="28%" |Notes
! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Ref.
|-
![[English language|English]]
![[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|-
!1
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Anand Nagar}}
|align="center"|आनंद नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-metro-commuters-pmc-7827740/|title=Pune Metro helps commuters escape heat, road traffic|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=21 March 2022|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!2
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Bopodi}}
|align="center"|बोपोडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!3
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Bund Garden}}
|align="center"|बंड गार्डन
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2024
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!4
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Udyan}}
|align="center"|छत्रपती संभाजी उद्यान
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!5
| style="background-color:#F5DEB3" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Dapodi}}††
|align="center"|दापोडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|Interchange with [[Dapodi railway station]]
|
|-
!6
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Deccan Gymkhana}}
|align="center"|डेक्कन जिमखाना
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!7
| style="background-color:#FFFF99" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|District Court Pune}}*
|align="center"|जिल्हा न्यायालय पुणे
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}} {{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}} {{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023 Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated Underground
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!8
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Garware College}}
|align="center"|गरवारे महाविद्यालय
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|<ref name="htimes1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/pune-metro-to-start-operations-from-3pm-today-101646490577256.html|title=Pune Metro to start operations from 3pm today|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=6 March 2022|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!9
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Kalyani Nagar}}
|align="center"|कल्याणी नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2024
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!10
| style="background-color:#F5DEB3" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Kasarwadi}}††
|align="center"|कासारवाडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|Interchange with [[Kasarwadi railway station]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-metro-stations-name-is-creating-confusion-must-be-changed-say-commuters-7817708/|title=Pune Metro station's name is creating confusion, must be changed, say commuters|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=15 March 2022|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!11
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Kasba Peth}}
|align="center"|कसबा पेठ
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|29 September 2024
|align="center"|Underground
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!12
| style="background-color:#F5DEB3" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Khadki}}††
|align="center"|खडकी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|21 June 2025
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|Interchange with [[Khadki railway station]]
|
|-
!13
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Mahatma Phule Mandai}}
|align="center"|महात्मा फुले मंदाई
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|29 September 2024
|align="center"|Underground
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!14
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Mangalwar Peth}}
|align="center"|मंगळवार पेठ
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!15
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Nashik Phata}}
|align="center"|नाशिक फाटा
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/following-clamour-pune-metro-to-rename-bhosari-and-budhwar-peth-stations-7825634/|title=Following clamour, Pune Metro to rename Bhosari and Budhwar Peth stations|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=20 March 2022|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!16
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Paud Phata}}
|align="center"|पौड फाटा
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!17
| style="background-color:#AFEEEE" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|PCMC Bhavan}}†
|align="center"|पिंपरी-चिंचवड महानगरपालिका भवन
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|<ref name="htimes1"/>
|-
!18
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Phugewadi}}
|align="center"|फुगेवाडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/phugewadi-metro-station-nearly-90-complete/articleshow/84103008.cms|title=Pune: Phugewadi Metro station nearly 90% complete|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 July 2021|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!19
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|PMC Bhavan}}
|align="center"|पुणे महानगरपालिका भवन
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!20
| style="background-color:#F5DEB3" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Pune Railway Station}}††
|align="center"|पुणे रेल्वे स्थानक
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|Interchange with [[Pune Junction railway station]]
|
|-
!21
| style="background-color:#AFEEEE" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Ramwadi}}†
|align="center"|रामवाडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2024
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!22
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Ruby Hall Clinic}}
|align="center"|रुबी हॉल क्लिनिक
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!23
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Sant Tukaram Nagar}}
|align="center"|संत तुकाराम नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/good-news-for-punekars-citys-first-metro-station-sant-tukaram-nagar-is-ready|title=Good news for Punekars: City's first metro station, Sant Tukaram Nagar, is ready|publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]]|date=9 February 2021|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!24
| style="background-color:#F5DEB3" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Shivaji Nagar}}††
|align="center"|शिवाजी नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}} {{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|1 August 2023 Under construction
|align="center"|Underground
|align="center"|Interchange with [[Shivaji Nagar railway station]]
|
|-
!25
| style="background-color:#F0E68C" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Swargate}}#*
|align="center"|स्वारगेट
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|29 September 2024
|align="center"|Underground
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!26
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|SNDT College}}
|align="center"|एसएनडीटी कॉलेज
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/pune-nal-stop-flyover-to-open-for-vehicular-traffic-on-sunday/articleshow/90138662.cms|title=Pune: Nal Stop flyover to open for vehicular traffic on Sunday|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 March 2022|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!27
| style="background-color:#AFEEEE" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Vanaz}}†
|align="center"|वनाझ
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|6 March 2022
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/vanazgarware-metro-route-receives-cmrs-certification-ahead-of-pm-s-visit-101646065664086.html|title=Vanaz-Garware metro route receives CMRS certification ahead of PM's visit
|publisher=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=28 February 2022|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!28
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Yerwada}}
|align="center"|येरवडा
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|21 August 2024
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|}

=== Under construction ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;" style=font-size:95%; width="100%"
! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Sr. No.
! colspan="2" width="28%" |Metro Station
! rowspan="2" width="13%" |Line
! rowspan="2" width="13%" |Opened
! rowspan="2" width="8%" |Layout
! rowspan="2" width="28%" |Notes
! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Ref.
|-
![[English language|English]]
![[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|-
!1
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Agriculture College}}
|align="center"|कृषी महाविद्यालय
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!2
| style="background-color:#F5DEB3" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Akurdi}}††
|align="center"|आकुर्डी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|Interchange with [[Akurdi railway station]]
|
|-
!3
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Bakori Phata}}
|align="center"|बकोरी फाटा
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!4
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Balaji Nagar}}
|align="center"|बालाजी नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!5
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Balewadi Phata}}
|align="center"|बालेवाडी फाटा
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!6
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Balewadi Stadium}}
|align="center"|बालेवाडी स्टेडियम
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!7
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Baner}}
|align="center"|बाणेर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!8
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Baner Gaon}}
|align="center"|बाणेर गाव
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!9
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Bhakti Shakti}}
|align="center"|भक्ती शक्ती
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!10
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Bibwewadi}}
|align="center"|बिबवेवाडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!11
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Chandni Chowk}}
|align="center"|चांदणी चौक
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!12
| style="background-color:#F5DEB3" align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Chinchwad}}††
|align="center"|चिंचवड
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|Interchange with [[Chinchwad railway station]]
|
|-
!13
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Dohler}}
|align="center"|डोहलर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!14
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Hinjewadi}}
|align="center"|हिंजवडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!15
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Indian Agricultural Research Institute}}
|align="center"|भारतीय कृषी संशोधन संस्था
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!16
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Infosys Phase II}}
|align="center"|इन्फोसिस टप्पा २
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!17
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Katraj}}
|align="center"|कात्रज
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!18
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Kharadi Bypass}}
|align="center"|खराडी बायपास
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!19
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Kothrud Bus Depot}}
|align="center"|कोथरूड बस डेपो
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!20
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Laxmi Nagar (Pune)}}
|align="center"|लक्ष्मी नगर (पुणे)
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!21
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Market Yard}}
|align="center"|मार्केट यार्ड
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!22
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Megapolis Circle}}
|align="center"|मेगापोलिस सर्कल
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!23
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|NICMAR}}
|align="center"|एन.आय.सी.एम.ए.आर.
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!24
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Nigdi}}
|align="center"|निगडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!25
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Padmavati}}
|align="center"|पद्मावती
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!26
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Pall India}}
|align="center"|पॉल इंडिया
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!27
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Quadron}}
|align="center"|क्वाड्रोन
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!28
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Ramnagar (Pune)}}
|align="center"|रामनगर (पुणे)
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!29
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Range Hills}}
|align="center"|रेंज हिल्स
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|purple|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!30
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Reserve Bank of India}}
|align="center"|रिझर्व्ह बँक ऑफ इंडिया
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!31
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Sakal Nagar}}
|align="center"|सकाळ नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!32
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Savitribai Phule Pune University}}
|align="center"|सावित्रीबाई फुले पुणे विद्यापीठ
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!33
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Shivaji Chowk}}
|align="center"|शिवाजी चौक
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!34
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Siddharth Nagar}}
|align="center"|सिद्धार्थ नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!35
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Somnath Nagar}}
|align="center"|सोमनाथ नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!36
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Tulja Bhavani Nagar}}
|align="center"|तुळजा भवानी नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!37
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Ubale Nagar}}
|align="center"|उबाळे नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!38
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Upper Kharadi Road}}
|align="center"|अप्पर खराडी रस्ता
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!39
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Viman Nagar}}
|align="center"|विमान नगर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!40
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Vithalwadi}}
|align="center"|विठ्ठलवाडी
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!41
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Wagheshwar Temple}}
|align="center"|वाघेश्वर मंदिर
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!42
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Wagholi}}
|align="center"|वाघोली
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|aqua|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!43
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Wakad Chowk}}
|align="center"|वाकड चौक
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|-
!44
|align="center"|{{stl|Pune Metro|Wipro Technologies}}
|align="center"|विप्रो तंत्रज्ञान
|align="center"|{{rcb|Pune Metro|pink|broute}}
|align="center"|Under construction
|align="center"|Elevated
|align="center"|–
|
|}

== Statistics ==
{| class="₠wikitable" width="35%"
|Total number of metro stations
| width="5%" align="center" |'''72'''
|-
|Total number of metro stations operational
| width="5%" align="center" |'''28'''
|-
|Total number of metro stations under construction
| width="5%" align="center" |'''44'''
|-
| width="25%" |Number of interchange stations
| width="5%" align="center" |'''2'''
|-
| width="25%" |Number of elevated stations
| width="5%" align="center" |'''68'''
|-
| width="25%" |Number of underground stations
| width="5%" align="center" |'''5'''
|-
| width="25%" |Number of at-grade stations
| width="5%" align="center" |'''0'''
|}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[List of Ahmedabad Metro stations]]
*[[List of Chennai Metro stations]]
*[[List of Coimbatore Metro stations]]
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[List of Hyderabad Metro stations]]
*[[List of Jaipur Metro stations]]
*[[List of Kochi Metro stations]]
*[[List of Kolkata Metro stations]]
*[[List of Lucknow Metro stations]]
*[[List of Madurai Metro stations]]
*[[List of Mumbai Metro stations]]
*[[List of Noida Metro stations]]
*[[List of Nagpur Metro stations]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[List of Navi Mumbai Metro Stations]]
*[[List of Surat Metro stations]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pune Metro}}
{{Pune topics}}

[[Category:Lists of metro stations in India|Pune Metro]]
[[Category:Pune Metro stations|*]]
[[Category:Pune-related lists|Metro stations]]

Bangaon Uttar Assembly constituency

2026-03-19T12:25:34Z

Sergdxx: fix section further and fixed typos per standard format

{{Short description|West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{other uses|Bangaon (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bangaon Uttar
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Bangaon Uttar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bangaon Uttar Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bangaon]]
| constituency_no = 95
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Ashok Kirtania]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 251,387
}}

'''Bangaon Uttar Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 95 Bangaon Uttar Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: [[Bangaon]] municipality, and Akaipur, Chhaigheria, Dharma Pukuria, Ganganandapur, Ghatbore, Gopalnagar I and Gopalnagar II [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Bangaon (Community development block)|Bangaon]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407111145/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf| url-status = dead| archive-date = 7 April 2014| title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date=15 October 2010|work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Bangaon Uttar Assembly constituency (SC) is part of No. 14 [[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name=delimitation/> Bongaon assembly constituency was earlier part of [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 15 October 2010 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006140327/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf| archive-date= 6 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"ìÍĦĤĠčw
|-
! Election Year!!Name of M.L.A.!!Party affiliation
|-
| colspan="3" |Bongaon
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]||Jiban Ratan Dhar||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="vidhansabha1952">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120114095211/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 14 January 2012 |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||Ajit Kumar Ganguly||[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name="vidhansabha1957">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006032945/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| ||Manindra Bhusan Biswas||Indian National Congress<ref name="vidhansabha1957" />
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||Jiban Ratan Dhar||Indian National Congress <ref name="vidhansabha1962">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20101006192934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf | url-status =dead | archive-date =6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||K.Bhowmick||Indian National Congress<ref name="vidhansabha1967">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006080357/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1969||Ajit Kumar Ganguly||Communist Party of India<ref name="vidhansabha1969">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3185-west-bengal-1969/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 1969 |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1971||Ajit Kumar Ganguly||Communist Party of India<ref name="vidhansabha1971">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120112052412/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 12 January 2012 |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1972||Ajit Kumar Ganguly||Communist Party of India<ref name="vidhansabha1972">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3187-west-bengal-1972/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 1972 |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1977||Ranajit Mitra||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name="vidhansabha1977">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3188-west-bengal-1977/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 1977 |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1982||[[Bhupendranath Seth]]||Indian National Congress<ref name="vidhansabha1982">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3189-west-bengal-1982/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 1982 |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
|1987||Ranajit Mitra||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name="vidhansabha1987">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006063052/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1991||[[Bhupendranath Seth]]||Indian National Congress<ref name="vidhansabha1991">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006200136/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf| url-status = dead| archive-date = 6 October 2010|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1996||[[Pankaj Ghosh]]||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name="vidhansabha1996">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007113156/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 7 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]||[[Pankaj Ghosh]]||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name="vidhansabha2001">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20101007212034/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf | url-status =dead | archive-date =7 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]||[[Bhupendranath Seth]]||[[Trinamool Congress]]<ref name="vidhansabha2006">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3194-west-bengal-2006/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2006 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2006 Bye election||[[Saugata Roy]]||Trinamool Congress.<ref name="vidhansabha2006bye">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/ByeOct2006/bye-85-Bongaon.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140814024453/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/ByeOct2006/bye-85-Bongaon.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 14 August 2014 |title = Legislative Assembly of West Bengal – Assembly Constituency 85-Bongaon |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2009 Bye election||[[Gopal Seth]]||Trinamool Congress.<ref name="vidhansabha2009bye1">{{cite web|url=http://indian-electionaffairs.com/results/bye-elections/West_Bengal_bye-elections-2009.html |title=West Bengal State Assembly Byelections 2009 |publisher=Indian Election Affairs |access-date=26 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713024926/http://indian-electionaffairs.com/results/bye-elections/West_Bengal_bye-elections-2009.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="vidhansabha2009bye2">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/current/pn101109.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120927075128/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/current/pn101109.pdf| url-status = dead| archive-date = 27 September 2012| title = Results of bye – elections to the 31 (thirty one) Assembly Constituencies and 1(one) Lok Sabha Constituency|publisher = Election Commission of India | access-date = 26 January 2011}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="3" |Bangaon Uttar
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]||[[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]||Trinamool Congress<ref name="vidhansabha2011">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3195-west-bengal-2011/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2011 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|[[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]
|Trinamool Congress
|-
|2021
|[[Ashok Kirtania]]
|Bharatiya Janata Party

|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bangoan Uttar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Biswajit Das|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ashok Kirtania|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pijush Kanti Saha|party=CPI(M)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 election, [[Ashok Kirtania]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] defeated his nearest rival, Shyamal Roy of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]].

{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Bangaon Uttar (SC) constituency<ref>{{cite web| url =https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS2595.htm?ac=95| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210506155933/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS2595.htm?ac=95| url-status =dead| archive-date =6 May 2021|title = Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashok Kirtania]]
|votes = 97,761
|percentage = 47.65
|change = +36.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Shyamal Roy
|votes = 87,273
|percentage = 42.54
|change = -8.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Pijush Kanti Saha
|votes = 14,051
|percentage = 6.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,833
|percentage = 0.89
|change = -0.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dinesh Das
|votes = 1,480
|percentage = 0.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Suniti Mallick
|votes = 1082
|percentage = 0.53
|change = -2.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Subhasis Biswas
|votes = 580
|percentage = 0.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Arabinda Biswas
|votes = 321
|percentage = 0.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Shyamsundar Halder
|votes = 228
|percentage = 0.11
|change = -0.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Subrata Biswas
|votes = 141
|percentage = 0.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 205,175
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, Biswajit Das of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Sushanta Baowali of All India Forward Bloc.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Bangaon Uttar (SC) constituency<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=95| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191400/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=95| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Bangaon Uttar| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]
|votes = 95,822
|percentage = 50.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Sushanta Baowali
|votes = 62,630
|percentage = 33.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = K D Biswas
|votes = 21,262
|percentage = 11.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Suniti Mallick
|votes = 4,840
|percentage = 2.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,182
|percentage = 1.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party of India (Athawale)
|candidate = Juran Chandra Pandey
|votes = 1290
|percentage = 0.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Shyamsundar Halder
|votes = 831
|percentage = 0.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 189,396
|percentage = 82.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===

In the 2011 election, Biswajit Das of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Dr. Biswajit Biswas of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Bangaon Uttar (SC) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=95| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191400/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=95| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Bangaon Uttar| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]
|votes = 89,265
|percentage = 54.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Dr. Biswajit Biswas
|votes = 65,645
|percentage = 40.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Hari Chand Biswas
|votes = 5,149
|percentage = 3.15
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ganesh Chandra Biswas
|votes = 1,828
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = The Religion of Man Revolving Political Party of India
|candidate = Pinaki Ranjan Bharati
|votes = 995
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Nirjatita Samaj Biplabi Party
|candidate = Gobinda Mandal
|votes = 75
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 163,641
|percentage = 86.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}
===2006===
In the 2006 election, Bhupendra nath Seth of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Pankaj Ghosh of CPI(M).
{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bangaon<ref name=election2006>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3194-west-bengal-2006/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2006 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Seth
|votes = 86213
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Pankaj Ghosh
|votes = 82748
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Makhan Roy
|votes = 2176
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pinaki Ranjan Bharati
|votes = 1565
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = The Religion of Man Revolving Political Party of India
|candidate = Sukriti Ranjan Biswas
|votes = 1298
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Biseswar Mondal
|votes = 871
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 174871
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2001 West Bengal state assembly election]]: Bangaon<ref name=vidhansabha2001/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Pankaj Ghosh
|votes = 66561

|percentage = 44.93%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Seth
|votes = 44595
|percentage = 30.1%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Prosanto Nath
|votes = 26567
|percentage = 17.93%
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kishore Biswas
|votes = 4546
|percentage = 3.07%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kalyan Mallick
|votes = 3268
|percentage = 2.21%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Party For Democratic Socialism
|candidate = Ashoke Ghosh
|votes = 1424
|percentage =
|change = 0.96%
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Ashim Biswas
|votes = 1186
|percentage = 0.8%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 148147
|percentage = 82.37%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 1996]]: Bangaon constituency<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=95| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191400/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=95| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Bangaon Uttar| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Pankaj Ghosh]]
|votes = 68,251
|percentage = 47.83%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Seth
|votes = 66,583
|percentage = 46.66%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ajoy Ghosh
|votes = 4639
|percentage = 3.25%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Phanindra Nath Sikdar
|votes = 2874

|percentage = 2.01%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee

|candidate = Bisweshwar Mondal
|votes = 356
|percentage = 0.25%
|change =
}}

{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,42,703

|percentage = 88.25%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 1991]]: Bangaon constituency<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=95| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191400/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=95| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Bangaon Uttar| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Seth
|votes = 53153
|percentage = 42.76%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Ranajit Mitra
|votes = 51521
|percentage = 41.44%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kishore Kumar Biswas
|votes = 16668
|percentage = 13.41%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sachindra Nath Biswas
|votes = 1799
|percentage = 1.45%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bisweshwar Mondal
|votes = 586
|percentage = 0.47%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rabindra Nath Mondal
|votes = 209
|percentage = 0.13%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bina Chakraborty
|votes = 162
|percentage = 0.13%
|change =
}}

{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,24,313
|percentage = 85.28%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1987===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1987 West Bengal state assembly election]]: Bangaon<ref name=vidhansabha1987/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Ranajit Mitra
|votes = 52061

|percentage = 50.3%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Seth
|votes = 49554

|percentage = 47.87%
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bisweshwar Mondal
|votes = 759
|percentage = 0.73%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ajit Biswas
|votes = 755
|percentage = 0.73%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Paramananda Haldar
|votes = 382
|percentage = 0.37%
|change =
}}

{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,03,511
|percentage = 84.21%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1982===
In 1982, Bongaon legislative assembly constituency had total 109673 electors. Total number of valid vote was 90755. [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Bhupendra Nath Seth won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 46545 votes. [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] candidate Ranjit Mitra stood second with total 42939 votes. He lost by 3606 votes.

{{Election box begin | title=[[1987 West Bengal state assembly election]]: Bangaon<ref name=vidhansabha1987/>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Seth
|votes = 46545
|percentage = 51.29%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Ranajit Mitra
|votes = 42939
|percentage = 47.31%
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janta Party
|candidate = Ranjit Biswas
|votes = 1141
|percentage = 1.26%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ashutosh Paul
|votes = 130
|percentage = 0.14%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 90,755
|percentage = 83.91%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 West Bengal state assembly election]]: Bangaon<ref name=vidhansabha1977/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Ranajit Mitra
|votes = 27820
|percentage = 47.15%

|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Seth
|votes = 18619

|percentage = 31.55%
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party Of India
|candidate = Krishna Dulal Biswas
|votes = 7427
|percentage = 12.59%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Balohari Mondal
|votes = 5141
|percentage = 8.71%
|change =
}}

{{Election box turnout
|votes = 59007

|percentage = 63.78%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Communist Party Of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1972===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bangaon<ref name=vidhansabha1972/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Ajit Kumar Ganguly
|votes = 28310

|percentage = 64.7%

|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Ranjit Kumar Mitra
|votes = 15445

|percentage = 35.3%
|change =
}}

{{Election box turnout
|votes = 43755

|percentage = 63.52%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party Of India
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2009 Bongaon assembly seat===
In the 2009 bye-election caused by the election of sitting MLA, [[Saugata Roy]] to the Lok Sabha from [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]], Gopal Seth of All India Trinamool Congress won the Bangaon seat.<ref name=vidhansabha2009bye1/><ref name=vidhansabha2009bye2/>

In the 2006 bye-election caused by the death of the sitting MLA, Bhupen Seth, Saugato Roy of Trinamool Congress defeated [[Pankaj Ghosh]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].<ref name=vidhansabha2006bye/>

In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> Bhupendranath Seth of Trinamool Congress won the Bongaon assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Pankaj Ghosh of CPI(M). Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Pankaj Ghosh of CPI(M) defeated Bhupendranath Seth, Independent and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] respectively) in 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> and 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> Bhupendranath Seth of Congress defeated Ranajit Mitra of CPI(M) in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> Ranajit Mitra of CPI(M) defeated Bhupendranath Seth of Congress in 1987.<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> Bhupendranath Seth of Congress defeated Ranajit Mitra of CPI(M) in 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> Ranajit Mitra of CPI(M) defeated Bhupendranath Seth of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977/>

===1951-1972 Bongaon assembly seat===
Ajit Kumar Ganguly of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> 1971<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> and 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> K.Bhowmick of Congress won in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967/> Jiban Ratan Dhar of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962/> In 1957, Bongaon was a joint seat. Ajit Kumar Ganguly of CPI and Manindra Bhusan Biswas of Congress won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957/> Jiban Ratan Dhar of Congress won in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Manassakshi

2026-03-03T22:29:02Z

Sergdxx: Page refined with updated information

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Manassakshi
| image = Manassakshi.jpg
| caption =
| director = S. K. A. Chari
| producer = A. L. Srinivasan
| writer = [[Kannadasan]]
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] [[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimharaju]] [[M. P. Shankar]]
| music = [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| cinematography = V. Selvaraj
| editing = V. P. Krishnan Shanmugam
| studio = ALS Productions
| distributor = ALS Productions
| released = {{Film date|1968|02|19|df=y}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Manassakshi''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಮನಸ್ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1968 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film, directed by S. K. A. Chari and produced by A. L. Srinivasan. The film stars [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]], [[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimharaju]] and [[M. P. Shankar]]. The film has musical score by [[G. K. Venkatesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiloka.com/movie/manassakshi-1968|title=Manassakshi|accessdate=2015-01-16|publisher=chiloka.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nthwall.com/ka/Manasaakshi-1982/9219801704|title=Manassakshi|accessdate=2015-01-16|publisher=nthwall.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118210817/http://www.nthwall.com/ka/Manasaakshi-1982/9219801704|archive-date=18 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The movie was a remake of the 1956 Hindi movie ''[[Pocket Maar (1956 film)|Pocket Maar]]'' which was earlier remade in Tamil in 1961 as ''[[Thirudathe]]'' and later in Telugu in 1970 as ''[[Marina Manishi]]''.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Somanna
*[[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan]] as Gowri
*[[Sowcar Janaki]] in a cameo
*[[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimharaju]] as Bhoopathi
*[[M. P. Shankar]]
*[[Shylashri]]
*Ranga
*Nagappa
*Suryakumar
*[[H. R. Shastry]]
*Guggu
*Shivaji
*Govindaraj
*[[B. V. Radha]]
*Sadhana
*[[M. Jayashree]]
*[[Shanthamma]]
*Baby Nagamani
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by G. K. Venkatesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://play.raaga.com/kannada/album/Manasakshi-K0001032|title=Manasakshi Songs|accessdate=2015-01-16|website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Alealeyali Vuliyulididhe" || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || Vijaya Narasimha || 03:07
|-
| 2 || "Mai Nimiri Ninthu Mudaveri" || [[P. Susheela]] || Vijaya Narasimha || 03:46
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0290748}}
* {{YouTube|id=AZArlJphgCI|title=Manassakshi}}

[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:1968 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1968 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. K. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Hindi films]]

{{1960s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Ezhara Ponnana

2026-03-03T21:25:49Z

Sergdxx: adjusted intro also

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ezhara Ponnana
| image = Ezhara-Ponnana.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Thulasidas]]
| producer = [[Joy Thomas (producer)|Joy Thomas]]
| writer = [[Reghunath Paleri]]
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Jayaram]] [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]] [[Thilakan]] [[Babu Antony]]
| music = [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
| cinematography = [[Saloo George]]
| editing = G.Murali
| studio = [[Jubilee Productions]]
| distributor = [[Jubilee Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1992|06|04|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Ezhara Ponnana''''' is a 1992 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[Thulasidas]] and produced by [[Joy Thomas (producer)|Joy Thomas]]. The film stars [[Jayaram]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]], [[Thilakan]] and [[Babu Antony]] in lead roles. The film had musical score by [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/ezhara-ponnana.html|title=Ezhara Ponnana|accessdate=2014-09-19|publisher=filmibeat.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/ezhara-ponnana-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513142016/http://spicyonion.com/title/ezhara-ponnana-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 May 2016|title=Ezhara Ponnana|accessdate=2014-09-19|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
Madhava Menon's son Balan has been missing for the past 18 years. He is believed to be dead by the villagers and relatives. Though Menon and his future daughter-in-law per customs does not believe so. Meanwhile, Vikraman, a Mumbai-based smuggler comes to the village and takes up the role of Balan. Everyone in the family is happy. But problems ensue when the real Balan returns and gang members of Vikraman's comes to get him back.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Jayaram]] as Balan / Vikraman
*[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Dasan
*[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]] as Ashwathi
*[[Thilakan]] as Madhava Menon
*[[Anju (actress)|Anju]] as Renu
*[[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Leelavathi
*[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Balan
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Achu
*[[Riza Bava]] as Ramu
*[[Babu Antony]] as Charlie
*[[Krishnankutty Nair (actor)|Krishnan Kutty Nair]] as Panikkar
*[[Mamukkoya]] as Aimutty Koya
*[[A. C. Zainuddin]] as Chellappan
*[[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Sathyan
*[[Mala Aravindan]] as Anthappan
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
*"Manimegham" – K. S. Chithra
*"Pranaya Manthra" – K J Yesudas, K. S. Chithra
*"Unni Pirannal" – K J Yesudas, Sujatha Mohan

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0353384}}
* {{YouTube|id=JpwxNYXsS5A|title=Ezhara Ponnana}}

[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thulasidas]]
[[Category:Films scored by Johnson]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Once Again (2012 film)

2026-03-02T10:00:10Z

Sergdxx: started new stub...

{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Once Again
| image = Once Again (2012 film) poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Sanjay Arora]]
| producer = Sanjay Arora
| writer = Sanjay Arora
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*Deepna Kumar
*Ajay Arora
*Vidhi Sethi
}}
| music = Manoj Singh
| cinematography =
| editing = K. Manish Parminder Tomar
| studio =
| released = {{Film date|2012|12|23|Delhi International Film Festival|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 48 minutes
| budget =
}}
'''''Once Again''''' is a 2012 [[Hindi]] family-drama film produced, written, directed by [[Sanjay Arora]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjay Arora's bags another International Accolade|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/cinema/Sanjay-Aroras-bags-another-international-Accolade-/articleshow/9895154.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107015652/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/cinema/30122388_1_film-festival-india-new-york-film-academy|url-status=live|archive-date=7 November 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 September 2011}}</ref> starring Deepna kumar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Deepna Kumar at the Internet Movie Database|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5287287/?ref_=tt_cl_t1|publisher=IMDB}}</ref> It premiered at the 2012 [[Delhi International Film Festival]] in India.<ref>{{cite news|title=NRI Filmmaker Sanjay Arora wins 'Once Again'|url=http://nrinews.info/nrinews/post/2013/06/18/NRI-Filmmaker-Sanjay-Arora-wins-Once-Again|newspaper=NRI news|date=18 June 2013|archive-date=18 October 2013|access-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018012625/http://nrinews.info/nrinews/post/2013/06/18/NRI-Filmmaker-Sanjay-Arora-wins-Once-Again|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
'''Once Again''' revolves around Raj Malhotra (Protagonist), a self-centered company executive who uses situations and people around him to his advantage but life takes an unexpected turn forcing him to accept reality that paves way to a journey of transformation.

Raj Malhotra, a senior executive at Oranze Computers is a self-centred man who believes in living life for himself with no concern for the feelings of people around him. The story opens with a phone call from his mother who requests him to visit her but Raj defers her request on the pretext of work pressure. Neither does he care for his wife's views about life in general nor does he show any sympathy towards his servant who requests for a leave to see his ailing mother. Raj's ill behaviour extends to his neighbour Mr Sharma played by Ajay Arora, as well in the matters of parking cars.

The heartless attitude of Raj gets apparent when he ignores a man on the road who is lying in a pool of blood because of an accident. At work Raj recruits Jenny, a woman with no good qualifications when she gives him a hint that she is ready to please him outside the office and later that night they get intimate with each other. One day Megha, a team member, at work, approaches him to save her job for not performing well. Raj tells her that he can help her out if she agrees to compromise with him. Left with no choice Megha gives in to him due to which not only her job is saved but also a promotion is given to her. Vishal, who is senior to Megha questions Raj on this discrimination and expresses his disappointment but Raj doesn't care.

The story takes a turn when Raj receives a job offer call from TJ computers where Mr Soni, the Vice-President, interviews him and gives the appointment letter. However, as a prerequisite of joining the work, Raj is asked to do a medical test done for HIV. Hence, he goes to a diagnostic centre to get the test done and while waiting for the report he overhears two lab technicians discussing that there is a problem in the result. When asked by Raj, the technician says that
the report will be given directly to the employers. Suspecting that he has HIV, now Raj goes under depression.

During this period, he recalls his nasty and mean behaviour with people and regrets sincerely. He starts valuing and caring for his mother, wife, colleagues and also the servant. However, the biggest lesson he learns is from his neighbour Mr Sharma who when asked the secret behind his composed attitude, explains Raj that the only truth of life is death and when everybody has to die one day why hate or cheat anyone.

After a month, Raj gets a call from TJ computers enquiring about his joining. When Raj meets Mr Soni, he gets to know that actually the report is normal and the test for HIV gave a negative result. Surprised and majorly relieved, Raj joins the organisation and begins a new life. Life offers him temptations again in the form of Sandy who comes for a job. For few minutes Raj gets carried away but when he asks her to submit a medical report with HIV test before joining the work, the word HIV brings him back to his senses, making him recollect his depression during the days he suspected himself of having HIV. Immediately Raj cancels his date with Sandy proving that transformation is a journey.

==Cast==
*Deepna Kumar as Malini
*Ajay Arora as Mr. Sharma
*Vidhi Sethi as Jenny
*Anil Monga
*Aashutosh Mishra
*Prateek Sharma
*Shree Upadhyaya
*Olga Samuel
*Manish Jain
*Kkaran Soni
*Jyoti Sachdeva
*Gaurav Kumar
*Kuldeep Lulla

==Production==
[[Principal photography]] took place for 2 weeks in March 2012. It was filmed in [[New Delhi]], [[India]] and completed in September 2012.

===Music===
The background score and a song were composed by Manoj Singh. The music was produced in Mumbai, India. The following song is featured in the film.
* "Badal Gayi Meri Zindagi Chand Lamhon Mein" by Shabana Shaikh, performed by Mahesh Jayaraman.

==Accolades==
*''Official selection'' at the Delhi International Film Festival 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Arora Pitches The 'Aware Life' Through Short Film|url=http://www.weeklyvoice.com/community-news/arora-pitches-the-aware-life-through-short-film-2/|newspaper=The Weekly Voice|access-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018040546/http://www.weeklyvoice.com/community-news/arora-pitches-the-aware-life-through-short-film-2/|archive-date=18 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Nominated'' for the ''Best Screenplay'' at the Hot Media International Film Festival 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=NRI made Hindi film wins award in Filmfest|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/aac/y2k13/aac310.php|newspaper=India Television|date=15 June 2013}}</ref>
*''Honorable Mention award'' at the International Film Festival for Peace, Inspiration & Equality (IFFPIE) 2013 in Jakarta, Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Awards 2013|url=http://internationalfilmfestivals.org/IFFPIE/2013/winners.htm|publisher=International Film Festival for Peace, Equality & Injustice|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019062443/http://internationalfilmfestivals.org/IFFPIE/2013/winners.htm|archivedate=19 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*''3rd prize winner'' at the 6th Boomtown Film & Music Festival 2013, Texas.<ref>{{cite news|title='Once Again' filmmaker Sanjay Arora wins accolades|url=http://canindia.com/2013/06/once-again-filmmaker-sanjay-arora-wins-accolades/|newspaper=Can India|date=14 June 2013|access-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111325/http://www.canindia.com/2013/06/once-again-filmmaker-sanjay-arora-wins-accolades/|archive-date=27 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Nominated'' for the ''Best South East Asian Film'' and ''Best Director'' at the World Music & Independent Film Festival 2013, Washington D.C.<ref>{{cite news|title=Buddha's Story Inspires Filmmaker Sanjay Arora|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/11848-buddha-s-story-inspires-filmmaker-sanjay-arora.html|newspaper=India West|date=2 June 2013|access-date=17 October 2013|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019051537/http://www.indiawest.com/news/11848-buddha-s-story-inspires-filmmaker-sanjay-arora.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Official Selection'' at the Trinity International Film Festival 2013, Detroit, USA.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Selection|url=http://www.trinityinternationalfilmfest.blogspot.in/|publisher=Trinity International Film Festival 2013}}</ref>
* ''Won'' Best film in Religious/Spiritual category at the Great Lakes International Film Festival 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Great Lakes International Film Festival 2013 winners.|url=http://greatlakesfilmfest.com/2013-great-lakes-film-festival-best-of-genre-winners/|publisher=GLFF|access-date=17 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018023550/http://greatlakesfilmfest.com/2013-great-lakes-film-festival-best-of-genre-winners/|archive-date=18 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''Won'' Best Screenplay Award at the Free Spirit Film Festival 2013, India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Free Spirit Film Festival ends|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/free-spirit-film-festival-ends-koan-of-spring-wins-best-film-113102400782_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard|date=24 October 2013}}</ref>
* ''Honorable Mention Award'' at the International Film Festival of Spirituality, Religion and Visionary 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Award winners 2013|url=http://www.internationalfilmfestivals.org/SRV/winners_iffsrv.htm|publisher=IFFRSV 2013|access-date=29 October 2013|archive-date=27 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027200610/http://internationalfilmfestivals.org/SRV/winners_iffsrv.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Won "Silver Award – Short film competition" at the 2014 California Film Awards, USA.<ref>{{cite web|title=Award Winners 2014|url=https://www.calfilmawards.com/index.php/awards-side/2014-winners|website=www.calfilmawards.com|publisher=California Film Awards|accessdate=15 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626104818/https://www.calfilmawards.com/index.php/awards-side/2014-winners|archive-date=26 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ratan|first1=Mall|title=Sanjay Arora's "Once Again" wins Silver Award at California Film Awards|url=https://www.voiceonline.com/sanjay-aroras-once-again-wins-silver-award-at-california-film-awards/|accessdate=15 February 2015|publisher=The Indo – Canadian Voice|date=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="Once Again" wins Silver Award at the international film festival|url=http://www.indianewengland.com/ME2/Audiences/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&AudID=DF568A126C8B4DBEBB671850EBEFBDD3&tier=4&id=1B9E4DA6379C47D2B1B763A4361F5A52|accessdate=15 February 2015|publisher=India New England|date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215211940/http://www.indianewengland.com/ME2/Audiences/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&AudID=DF568A126C8B4DBEBB671850EBEFBDD3&tier=4&id=1B9E4DA6379C47D2B1B763A4361F5A52|archive-date=15 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Won "Royal Reel Award" at the [[Canada International Film Festival]] 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjay Arora's film 'Once Again' wins Royal Reel Award in Canada|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/cinema/Sanjay-Aroras-film-Once-Again-wins-Royal-Reel-Award-in-Canada/articleshow/46539027.cms|accessdate=6 April 2015|publisher=Times of India|date=12 March 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.filmmakeronline.com}}
*{{IMDb title|2409680}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190401072658/https://scribblesofsoul.com/once-again-movie-review/ Movie Review]}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Films set in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian independent films]]
[[Category:HIV/AIDS in Indian films]]

Aikya Kerala Movement

2026-03-01T17:33:42Z

Sergdxx: new

{{short description|Movement for the formation of the Indian state Kerala}}
{{Keralahistory}}
[[File:India-KERALA.svg|thumb|Location of Kerala in India]]
'''Aikya Kerala Movement''', the movement to establish a united Kerala was one of the political movements in present-day [[Kerala]] state of India. The term ''Aikya Kerala'' literally means 'United Kerala'. It has been a statewide peaceful movement for a united Kerala state for all Malayalam speaking people, which lasted for more than three decades. Following the movement, The [[Malayalam]]-speaking regions of the Travancore–Cochin merged with the [[Malabar District]] (excluding [[Laccadive Islands|Laccadive]] & [[Minicoy]] Islands) and the [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]] Taluk of [[South Canara]] district in [[Madras State]] to form the modern [[Kerala]] state on 1 November 1956, according to the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]] passed by the [[Government of India]].

==Movement during British rule==
During the [[British Raj|British]] period, the present day Kerala was part of 4 regions. [[Malabar district]] and [[Kasaragod]] taluk ([[South Canara]] district) in the [[Madras Presidency]] were under direct British rule while [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] and [[Travancore]] remained as princely states were under the indirect rule of the British.

The [[Malayalam language]], with its rich literary heritage, has always been an important factor in the emotional and cultural integration of the people of the three regions of Malabar, Travancore and Kochi.<ref name="dc">{{cite book |title=Political History of Modern Kerala |publisher=[[DC Books]] |pages=87–91 |url=https://ebooks.dcbooks.com/assets/preview/political-history-of-modern-kerala.pdf |chapter=Aikya Kerala Movement |access-date=2022-05-31 |archive-date=2022-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122130530/https://ebooks.dcbooks.com/assets/preview/political-history-of-modern-kerala.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The idea of a region for Malayalam speakers by uniting Travancore, Kochi and Malabar was formed at the beginning of the twentieth century. [[Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai|Ramakrishna Pillai]], the editor of [[Swadeshabhimani (newspaper)|Swadeshabhimani]], had written in the early twentieth century about the formation of a united Kerala by combining these three regions.<ref name="mathrubhumi">{{Cite web |title=50 events that cannot be erased from the history of Kerala |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/special-pages/mathrubhumi-100-years/articles/50-events-that-cannot-be-erased-from-the-history-of-kerala-1.7343574 |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref>

===Role of Indian National Congress===
The Nagpur conference of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1920 passed a resolution that the state congress committees should be organized on linguistic basis instead of territorial basis. This was an important step in the idea of forming linguistic states in India. Following this, in 1921, the Indian National Congress renamed its unit for Travancore, Kochi and Malabar regions as [[Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee]] (KPCC).<ref name="mathrubhumi"/>

Under the leadership of KPCC, the first All Kerala Political Conference was held at [[Ottapalam]] from April 23, 1921.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |last1=Shaji |first1=K. a |title=Congress rewinds to 1921 Ottappalam meet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/congress-rewinds-to-1921-ottappalam-meet/article17782999.ece |work=The Hindu |date=4 April 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref> It was inaugurated by the then [[All India Congress Committee]] President [[Tanguturi Prakasam]].<ref name="Hindu"/> The Aikya Kerala Committee formed at the Ottappalam conference demanded formation of new Kerala state comprising Malabar, Travancore, Cochin, Coorg, Nilgiris, Gudallur, South Canara, Mahi and Lakshadweep.

The ''Nattu Rajya Praja Sammelanam'' (State People's Conference) held at Ernakulam in 1928 under the presidency of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], passed a resolution for Aikya Kerala (United Kerala).<ref name="swap">{{cite web |title=Kerala History from 18th Century |url=https://www.swapdial.com/public/knowledge-contents/industrial-data/kerala-history-from-18th-century/ |website=www.swapdial.com |access-date=2022-05-31 |archive-date=2022-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122130528/https://www.swapdial.com/public/knowledge-contents/industrial-data/kerala-history-from-18th-century/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=GK for Nurses, Medical & Paramedical Staff |date=2018 |publisher=JaypeeDigital |isbn=9789352700424 |language=en |chapter=Kerala History}}</ref> In 1938, a delegation from the Kerala State Congress Committee approached the Congress Working Committee and demanded the formation of a 'United Kerala' when India became independent.<ref name="aikya"/>

On May 26, 1946, a KPCC Working Committee meeting was convened at [[Cheruthuruthi]] under the chairmanship of [[K. P. Kesava Menon]] to work for a united Kerala.<ref name="mathrubhumi"/> A meeting was also held in Ernakulam in this connection but it was adjourned without a decision.<ref name="aikya"/> In September 1946, to implement United Kerala, the KPCC Working Committee formed a committee comprising K. Kelappan, U. Gopal Menon (Convener), A. K. Damodara Menon, Janab Moidu Moulavi, K. Madhava Menon, P. Kunhiraman, Kumari Kamalam, P. Madhavan and Janab Ibrahim, to form a Joint Committee consisting of various political parties in Malabar, Kochi and Travancore and their representatives.<ref name="aikya"/> Based on this, a meeting was held on October 26, 1946, at Cheruthuruthy under the chairmanship of K. P. Keshava Menon, and was decided to convene a United Kerala Conference.<ref name="aikya"/>

===Role of Maharaja Kerala Varma===
Kerala Varma, the Maharaja of Cochin, played a pivotal role in the unification of Kerala and the accession of the Kingdom of Cochin to the Indian Union.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=2019-08-15 |title=How the Cochin Maharaja, Aikya Keralam Thampuran played a pivotal role in unification of Kerala and of Cochin State’s accession to the Indian Union |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-the-cochin-maharaja-aikya-keralam-thampuran-played-a-pivotal-role-in-unification-of-kerala-and-of-cochin-states-accession-to-the-indian-union/article29099822.ece |access-date=2022-05-31 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In his letter to the Kochi Legislative Assembly on July 29, 1946, Kerala Varma wrote to Malabar, Cochin and Travancore that a plan should be devised to establish a common government and that for the culture of Kerala to survive, it must be under a single administration.<ref name="Deshabhimani">{{cite web |title=കേരളത്തിന്റെ ജനാധിപത്യ പ്രക്രിയ ഐക്യകേരളം വരെ |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/articles/the-democratic-transition-in-kerala/600152 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> In April 1947, Kerala Varma inaugurated the Aikya Kerala Convention held in [[Thrissur]] under the chairmanship of [[K. Kelappan]].<ref name="aikya"/><ref name="mathrubhumi"/> The convention passed a resolution for the formation of a 'United Kerala'.<ref name="aikya"/> Since Kerala Varma stood for the unified Kerala (Aikya Keralam), he was known as [[Aikya Keralam Thampuran]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ഐക്യ കേരളം തമ്പുരാൻ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/ernakulam/2020/11/01/ernakulam-kerala-varma-thampuran.html |access-date=2022-05-31 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>

===Contributions of the Communist Party of India===
The [[Communist Party of India]] has also propagated the idea of a united Kerala by uniting the Malayalam-speaking regions.<ref name="Janayugom">{{cite news |title=ഐക്യ കേരളപ്പിറവിയും ഇന്ത്യന്‍ കമ്മ്യൂണിസ്റ്റ് പാര്‍ട്ടിയും |url=https://janayugomonline.com/kerala-piravi-and-the-communist-party-of-india-column-nammuk-chuttum/ |work=Janayugom Online |date=26 October 2020 |archive-date=20 March 2022 |access-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320075450/https://janayugomonline.com/kerala-piravi-and-the-communist-party-of-india-column-nammuk-chuttum/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] has written a book titled ''Keralam Malayalikalude Mathrubhumi'' (meaning:Kerala, the homeland of [[Malayali]]s) which comes with this idea.<ref name="Janayugom"/> From the 1930s onwards, trade unions based on communist ideas emerged in the Travancore, Kochi and Malabar Provinces in various fields of work. The All Kerala Workers' Conference organized by [[P. Krishnapillai]] was held at Kozhikode in May 1935.<ref name="Janayugom"/>

==After independence==
A high-level committee formed to consider the recommendations of the Dhar Commission, at the Jaipur Conference of the Indian National Congress in 1948, comprising Jawaharlal Nehru, [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] and [[Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya]], in its report (JVP Report) cautioned against going ahead with the proposal for linguistic reorganization of the states.<ref name="dc"/> After Indian independence, on July 1, 1949, the state of Travancore and Kochi merged to form the state of [[Travancore–Cochin]], as a Part B State of the Indian Union.<ref name="mathrubhumi" /> The Aikya Kerala Convention held at [[Aluva]] in 1948, appointed an Action Committee of 15 members with [[K. Kelappan]] as the President and [[K. A. Damodara Menon]] as the Secretary, to speedup actions for a united Kerala.<ref>{{Cite book |title=BA history study material |publisher=University of Calicut |pages=7 |language=English |url=http://sdeuoc.ac.in/sites/default/files/sde_videos/VI_SemContemporary_Kerala.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Aikya Kerala Conference held at [[Palakkad]] in November 1949, under the Aikya Kerala Committee passed a resolution to form a State of Kerala without [[Rajpramukh]].<ref name="dc"/>

The most important decision taken at the Communist Party Plenum on April 4, 5 and 6, 1952 in Thrissur was to carry out a massive agitation for a united Kerala.<ref name="Janayugom"/> The party also decided to hold various conventions for this purpose. In addition, large conventions were held in major cities in India, such as [[Bombay]], [[Madras]], and [[Delhi]].<ref name="Janayugom"/> More than 15,000 Malayalis participated in the Aikya Kerala Convention held in Bombay on October 18 and 19, 1952 under the leadership of the Communist Party.<ref name="Janayugom"/>

[[Travancore–Cochin]] or officially the ''United State of Travancore and Cochin'' formed by merging [[Travancore]] and [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] on 1 July 1949. It was renamed 'State of Travancore–Cochin in January 1950. The State Reorganization Commission headed by Syed Fazal Ali, which was formed to form linguistic states across India, recommended the formation of a State comprising Travancore, Kochi and Malabar regions.<ref name="mathrubhumi" /> The [[Malayalam]]-speaking regions of the Travancore–Cochin merged with the [[Malabar District]] (excluding [[Laccadive Islands|Laccadive]] & [[Minicoy]] Islands) and the [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]] Taluk of [[South Canara]] district in [[Madras State]] to form the modern [[Kerala]] state on 1 November 1956, according to the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]] passed by the [[Government of India]].<ref name="Kerala">{{Cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1956-37.pdf|title=The States Reorganisation Act, 1956|website=legislative.gov.in|publisher=Government of India}}</ref><ref name="mathrubhumi" />

==Actions against the formation of the State of Kerala==
Diwan [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]], with the permission of the [[Travancore royal family]], carried out attempt to make a 'Immutable Executive' rule in Travancore and the subsequently to make Travancore an independent state (June 2, 1947).<ref name="aikya">{{Cite web |title=ഐക്യകേരള സമ്മേളനത്തിന് 75 വയസ്സ് |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/features/edit-page/kerla-1.7466633 |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref> After Indian independence, the Congressmen from [[Malabar District|Malabar]] were in favor of a southern state (southern state) by annexing the Travancore-Cochin region to the [[Madras Presidency|Madras province]].<ref name="dc"/> The political conference held at Palakkad in April 1953 under the leadership of the Malabar Pradesh Congress Committee officially approved the above proposal.<ref name="dc"/> Although initially Congress workers from Malabar opposed the formation of a state of Kerala, a conference held in Kozhikode under the leadership of the Aikya Kerala Committee helped to influence public opinion in favor of the formation of a united Kerala in Malabar.<ref name="dc"/>

== See also ==
* [[History of Kerala]]
* [[Kerala reformation movement]]
* [[Kerala Day]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kerala}}
{{Topics related to Kerala}}
{{History of India by State}}
{{Portal bar|India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aikya Kerala Movement}}
[[Category:Political history of Kerala]]

Umerkote

2026-02-28T09:16:04Z

Sergdxx: adjusted page based on references for consistency

{{For|the town and former princely state in Sindh|Umerkot}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Umerkote
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = or
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.665|N|82.212|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Sri Nityanand Gond [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 30
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 615.69
| population_total = 28,993
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 192
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=444196 |title=Census of India: Search Details |access-date=11 May 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120922/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=444196 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language| Odia ]] & English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 764073
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06866
| registration_plate = OD-24
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000
[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|http://nabarangpur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Umerkote''', also known as '''Umarkot''' and '''Amarkot''', is a town of [[Nabarangpur district]], [[Odisha]], in eastern [[India]]. Umerkote is an [[urban area]] and the name of a [[Municipality]] declared on 3 March 2014 (earlier [[Notified Area Council]]) and a [[Administrative subdivision|Subdivision]] declared by State Cabinet on 3 November 2015. The town is a prominent business place of the Nabarangpur District.

Umerkote is situated in the northern corner of Nabarangpur District and administratively borders [[Chhattisgarh]] in the west. It is 62 km (39 miles) away from district headquarters. A left diversion from [[National Highway 201 (India)|National Highway 201]] at [[Papadahandi]], towards [[Raipur]], connects to Umerkote.
A popular local [[deity]] is Maa [[Pendrani]] or Pendrahandiani. The word "Maa" means the "mother". She is believed to be the saviour of people living in the area and a provider of health, wealth and protection.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Umerkote had a population of 27,864. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Umarkote had an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 47%. In Umerkote, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Geography==
A plateau of the Kondan Range, a terrain of [[Eastern Ghats]] holds Umerkote at its centre. The average elevation of Umerkote is approximately {{convert|2020|ft|m|disp=flip}} above sea level. Small hills and mounts cover the place, providing a number of perennial sources of water as streams and ponds. Bhaskel Medium Irrigation Project, a site 9 km (6 miles) away from Umerkote town, is the source of irrigation. Its out-stream, namely Bhaskel, flows by the town, giving a production of vegetables and pulses throughout the year.

Branches of the main canals of the Bhaskel Medium Irrigation Project surround the outskirts of Umerkote to give up a fertile land for double crops and other seasonal productions.

== Climate ==
The average annual [[rainfall]] experienced is {{convert|888.2|mm|in|1}}. Usually summers are hot with a maximum of {{convert|45|C|F}}, and winters are mild with an average minimum of {{convert|6|C|F}}. For the first time in the recent history of Umerkote, [[snow flake]] crystal deposition found on paddy straw heaps near DNK and Shanti Nagar area with temperature as low as {{convert|3.2|C|F}} on 15 January 2012. Earlier on the previous day it was found for a short period with minimum temperature {{convert|3.8|C|F}}.

{| class="wikitable" border="2"
|-
! Year
! Maximum
! Minimum
|-
| 2008
| {{convert|42.8|C|F}} on 22 May 2008
| {{convert|9.2|C|F}} on 28 Dec 2008
|-
| 2009
| {{convert|41.2|C|F}} on 1 May 2009
| {{convert|8.6|C|F}} on 17 Dec 2009, {{convert|9.4|C|F}} on 18 Dec
|-
| 2010
| {{convert|44.3|C|F}} on 24 May 2010
| {{convert|4.8|C|F}} on 27 Dec 2010, {{convert|5.5|C|F}} on 4 Dec
|-
| 2011
| {{convert|41.7|C|F}} on 19 May 2011
| {{convert|6.8|C|F}} on 4 Jan 2011
|-
| 2012
| {{convert|43.4|C|F}} on 23 May 2012
| {{convert|3.2|C|F}} on 15 Jan 2012 (Ice Flake Formation)
|-
| 2013
| {{convert|44.5|C|F}} on 25 May 2013
| {{convert|7.1|C|F}} on 15 Jan 2013
|-
| 2014
| {{convert|42.2|C|F}} on 23 May 2014
| {{convert|4.5|C|F}} on 18 Dec 2014
|-
| 2015
| {{convert|43.0|C|F}} on 23 May 2015
| {{convert|6.0|C|F}} on 18 Jan 2015
|}

==People==
Umerkote was initially a tribal-dominated place, and the post-independent period added [[Immigration|migrants]] to its population. With growth, township people from other parts of Odisha and neighbouring states showed their interest to live at Umerkote. People there mostly do business, and a considerable number are government employees. Now the place has a majority of Hindus. However, Muslims are more in number than the Christians. People of other religions are very few in number. The major language spoken in this region is [[Odia language|Odia]]. The Odisha Government sheltered large numbers of Bangladeshi refugees in this region. They came to India as refugees during the 1960s. Umerkote was included in the D.N.K. project under the [[Government of India]].

==Economy==
The main economical factor over which Umerkote stands is production of [[maize]] and [[Rice|paddy]]. Outskirts yield maize, and this town is the hub for the transportation of tonnes of maize in post-rain seasons.

Other than maize, some forest products like [[Diospyros melanoxylon|Kendu Leaf]], Sal Seed, and vegetables are being exported to outside. Being based mainly on agriculture, business relating to fertilizer, pesticides, garments and retail are conducted. Weekly markets ''(Hato)'' are organized in a nearby location on fixed weekdays, to share products within the area. Umerkote is one of the highest producer of maize crop in whole Odisha.

==Festivals==
The [[Odia people|Odia]] [[Hindu]] festivals [[Dussera]], [[Rath Yatra]], [[Ganesh]] Pooja and Kalisi Yatra are some distinguishable festivals observed in Umerkote. Apart from other occasions, traditional festivals like Holi, Biswakarma Pooja, Gajalaxmi Pooja and [[Deepawali]] are being celebrated with immense contrast.
furthermore there are a number of churches in the urban area of umerkote. Christmas is also celebrated
Including general celebrations, tribals retain their identity through several typical festivals like [[Mondei]], Chaiti Parab and Kalashi yatra. Mondei, an annual tribal festival, has its uniqueness which has been predominantly celebrated by tribals in order to share the happiness of their fruitful harvest. Later it had been declared a state-level festival and is celebrated officially, each year, in the first week of November.

==Public places==
Umerkote has many public places like [[Pendrani]] Temple, [[Jagannath]] temple, Sri [[Ramakrishna]] Temple, Maa [[Kali]] Mandir (UV 03 Dongriguda) and Sri [[Rama|Ram]] Temple and a [[Church (building)|Church]]. It has also a major [[mosque]], and a [[Madrasa]] has been set up with help of the local people. Including several other viewable places, nearby to Umerkote, it has [[Hanuman]] Vatika at 4 km (2 miles) distance near Nuagaon, adding small places of local interest also visited by many people.

It has two hospitals, one of the government situated at the mid of the town and another is DNK Hospital (Later named as Zonal Hospital). Specialists in different branches provide health service to the people. Pendrani College, established in 1984, has been set up with local help giving education to collegiates students up to graduation. Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya, Sadasiv Sukumar Government High School, Government Girl's High School, and Saheed [[Laxman Nayak]] Public School and Swami Vivekananda Vidyamandir here are the centre for higher secondary education. A number of primary schools and upper primary schools have been set up at different locations in the Umerkote town. RRTTSS with [[Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology|OUAT]] has set up a crop research centre near the town. A newly established women's college, namely Biju Patnaik ST Women's College, Umerkote, has started functioning recently.

==Service==
The town has been expanded with fully functional government services, including [[Panchayat Samiti]], a police station, post office, tahasil office, four filling stations, Indane gas filling station, three cashew factories, one cattle feed industry, four to five rice mills, Government Secondary Training School, [[BSNL]] telephone exchange, Industrial Training Centre for Women, a water supply, SOUTHCO, Circuit House, Lic office, office of Chartered accountants and other different offices along with it.

Umerkote has two courts. A J.M.F.C. Court which is established in the year 1962 which has jurisdiction over Umerkot, Raighar, Dabugaon, Chandahandi, Jharigam and Kundei Police Station areas in Criminal and Civil matters. Recently in the year 2013 a Sub-Judge court has been established in Umerkote.

Among non-government institutions like [[Saraswati]] Sishu Mandir, Sri Aurobindo Purnanga Sikhya Kendra are owned by locals, and among government school [[Odisha Adarsha Vidyalaya]]Swami Vivekananda Vidya Mandir Up Graded Project High School in Nabarangpur District.

Cellular mobile service by [[BSNL]] and [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]] have been set up earlier. Internet Connectivity by BSNL [[Broadband]] has been launched since March 2008 and also BSNL [[3G]] service has started in September 2014. [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]] has started its 4G Data Service at Umerkote.

[[State Bank of India]] (SBI), Utkal Gramya Bank, [[ICICI Bank]], [[Axis Bank]], [[Andhra Bank]], [[Bank of Baroda]], [[Punjab National Bank]] have been established with a large volume of business. [[State Bank of India|SBI]], [[ICICI]], [[Punjab National Bank|PNB]],
[[Axis Bank]] provide [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] service to the people of Umerkote. Recently Another [[State Bank of India|SBI]] ATM has been installed in front of Umerkote Municipality Office.

At Medical road, recently one soil testing centre has been established by Govt of India.

== Transportation ==
Umerkote is connected to almost all major cities of [[Odisha]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Chhattisgarh]] by road. No railway line connects the town directly, but Umerkote has been provided with several buses to [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Cuttack]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Vizianagaram]], [[Brahampur]], [[Jagdalpur]], [[Raipur]]. Both private and [[OSRTC]] buses run in numbers for passenger transportation. Among private buses Raghunath, Rajdhani, Kingfisher non A/C buses connects to [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Dilkhus]]A/C bus connects to [[Bhubaneswar]] and two [[Naresh travels]] connects to [[Raipur]], [[Naresh A/C coach]] connects to [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Khambeswari non A/C]] connects to [[Brahampur]]. Among Govt. buses one non A/C bus connects to [[Bhubaneswar]], one non A/C Bus And One A/C Bus connects to [[Brahampur]], two non A/C buses connects to [[Visakhapatnam]], one non A/C bus connects to [[Vizianagaram]], one non A/C bus connects to [[Bolangir]] and one bus to kesinga.

'''Nearest railway stations:''' [[Jeypore]] {{convert|106|km|mi|0}}, [[Koraput]] {{convert|130|km|mi|0}}, [[Kesinga]] {{convert|180|km|mi|0}}, [[Raipur]] {{convert|285|km|mi|0}}, [[Nagpur]] 315 km, [[Jagdalpur]] {{convert|85|km|mi|0}}.

'''Nearest airports:''' [[Visakhapatnam]] {{convert|320|km|mi|0}}, [[Raipur]] [[Mana Airport]] {{convert|272|km|mi|0}} [[Bhubaneswar]] {{convert|576|km|mi|0}}].

== Tourist spots ==

===Podagad===
Podagad, a hill range in the west of the town preserves some historic evidences of ancient dynasties ruling over the area. Rock scriptures, caves and remains of usables have been found. It has a rich ruin of the [[Nala]] and Bhakataka dynasty during the invasion of the [[Mughals]]. Later it has been occupied by some [[Buddhists]], and then by the [[Nanda dynasty|Nanda]] Dynasty of [[Jeypore]] region. It is roughly {{convert|22|km|mi|0}} towards the west of Umerkote, near Dhodra, a small village which is 9 km ahead of Umerkote. The span of Podagad hill ranges 11 km lengthwise and 3.5 km in width ({{convert|11|x|3.5|km|mi|disp=out}}). It was 17 small hills meshed up with each other. It has a natural habitat covering many species, and formerly there were many carnivores living in the area. Deforestation for [[firewood]] and timber has been devastating the climate of Podagad. Picnic occasions are held at this place in a massive manner during New Years and other winter days.

===Chandan Dhara===
Chandan Dhara is a nature area in the deep forests {{convert|48|km|mi|0}} north of Umerkote, through the village Jharigam. There is a waterfall nearby to the small village Dongriguda. Administrative efforts have been initiated to make it a place of attraction for tourists.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

===Burja===
Burja is about {{convert|8|km|mi|0}} from Umerkote, famous for the Siva Mandir. A Siva Linga was discovered by a small girl while she was digging in the field circa 2004. A big temple is now under construction.

==Politics==
Current MLA from 73-Umarkote (ST) Assembly Constituency is Shri Nityananda Gond<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha Legislative Assembly|url=https://odishaassembly.nic.in/|access-date=2020-07-02|website=odishaassembly.nic.in}}</ref> from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Previous [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from 73-Umarkote (ST) Assembly Constituency was Sri Subash Gond from Biju Janta Dal (BJD) who was elected for the second term in the Simultaneous General Election 2014 and was first time elected to the house in the By-Election during November 2011. Prior to him late Sri Jagabandhu Majhi of [[Biju Janata Dal]] (BJP), who was shot dead on 24 September 2011, in a public meeting at Gona; won the seat in State Elections in 2009 was the MLA from Umerkote. The By-election poll held on 30 November 2011 in which Sri Subash Gond of [[Biju Janata Dal]] (BJD) won with a margin of 21061 votes to his contender Sri Dharmu Gond of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).

Previous MLAs from this seat were Sri Dharmu Gond [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), Smt Parama Pujari who won this seat representing [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) in 2000, 1995 and 1985 and representing INC(I) in 1980, Sri Gurubaru Majhi of [[Janata Dal|JD]] in 1990, and Late Rabisingh Majhi of [[Janata Party]] (JNP) in 1977.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/March2004/pollupd/ac/states/s18/Partycomp93.htm
| title = State Elections 2004 - Partywise Comparison for 93 - Umarkote Constituency of Odisha
| publisher = Election Commission of India
| date = March 2004
| access-date = 2008-09-20
}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

Umerkote is part of [[Nowrangpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Odisha
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|year = 2000
|access-date = 2008-09-20
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012916/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|archive-date = 6 February 2009}}</ref>

Sri Balabhadra Majhi (BJD) is the [[Member of Parliament]] from the 12-Nowarangpur Parliamentary Constituency elected in the Simultaneous General Elections 2014 preceded by Sri Pradeep Kumar Majhi (INC).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nabarangpur district}}
{{Municipalities of Odisha}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nabarangpur district]]

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

2026-02-21T16:27:19Z

Sergdxx:

{{Short description|Election to the legislative assembly of Tamil Nadu}}
{{For|Lok Sabha election|1984 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| turnout = 73.47%
| previous_election = 1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1980
| next_election = 1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1989
| election_date = 24 December 1984
| seats_for_election = All 234 seats in the [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu]]
| party1 = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=MGR portrait, from 2017 Stamp.jpg||bSize= 120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=2}}
| leader1 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]
| alliance1 = [[Indian National Congress|INC+]]
| seats1 = '''195'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 29
| popular_vote1 = '''11,681,221'''
| percentage1 = '''53.87%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 4.95%

| party2 = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=M._Karunanidhi_.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=2}}
| leader2 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| alliance2 = [[Janata Party|Janata alliance]] + [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]
| leaders_seat2 = did not contest MLC
| seats2 = 34
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 25
| popular_vote2 = 8,021,293
| percentage2 = 37.00%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 7.43%

| map_image = 1984 tamil nadu legislative election map.png
| map_size = 200px
| map_caption = 1984 election map (by constituencies)
| map2_image = Tamil Nadu Assembly Alliance Result 1984.svg
| map2_size = 300px
| map2_caption = Alliance wise Result
| title = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| before_party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| after_election = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| after_party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| majority_seats = 118
}}
The '''eighth legislative assembly election''' for [[Tamil Nadu]] was held on 24 December 1984. [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary, incumbent [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by [[Indira Gandhi]]'s assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only general election which [[M. Karunanidhi]] did not contest since 1957 until his death, as he sought to avoid a direct, disadvantageous contest due to a volatile political climate. As now, this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.

== Background ==
[[Indira Gandhi]] was assassinated on 31 October 1984. During the same time, [[M. G. Ramachandran]] was diagnosed with kidney failure and admitted to a hospital in [[New York City]]. [[Rajiv Gandhi]] assumed office immediately. Rajiv Gandhi felt that his Government required a fresh mandate from the people, and dissolved the Lok Sabha a year before its actual end of term, for fresh general elections. At the same time, Chief minister of Tamil Nadu, M.G.R. recommended dissolution of Tamil Nadu State Assembly a year ahead of end of term, to use the sympathy wave of Congress, and also check his popularity. [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] and [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] formed an alliance and contested both general elections.<ref name="Palanithurai">{{cite book | title=Role Perception of the Legislators: A Case Study of Tamil Nadu| author=G. Palanithurai| date=June 1991| pages=27| publisher=Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division| isbn=81-220-0227-7}}</ref><ref name="Mohandas">{{cite book | title=MGR, the man and the myth| author=K. Mohandas| year=1992| pages=105–106| publisher=Panther Publishers| isbn=978-81-85457-09-3}}</ref>

== Parties ==
National parties [[Bharatiya Janta Party]], [[Communist Party of India]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Janata Party]], state parties [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], Indian Congress (J), and registered unrecognised parties Ambedkar Kranti Dal, Gandhi Kamaraj National and Tamil Nadu Congress (K) contested the election.

== Seat allocation ==
The allocation of seats was later dubbed "The M.G.R. formula". Where the regional party would contest 70% of the assembly seats and the national party would be given 70% of the Lok Sabha seats.
This would be the last election [[M. G. Ramachandran|M.G.R]] contested, due to his death during his chief ministership.

== Campaigning ==
M. G. Ramachandran was confined to the hospital. Video coverage of M.G.R recuperating in hospital along with Indira Gandhi's assassination were stitched together by AIADMK man in charge of campaigning [[R. M. Veerappan]]. The video was distributed and played across all over Tamil Nadu. Rajiv Gandhi visited cyclone-hit areas in Tamil Nadu which also boosted the alliance. The sympathy wave created by Indira's assassination, M.G.R's illness and Rajiv Gandhi's charisma helped the alliance sweep the election.<ref name="Palanithurai"/><ref name="Mohandas"/> DMK leader [[Karunanidhi|M. Karunanidhi]] did not contest this election, due to the fact that the AIADMK founder M.G.R was admitted to a hospital in the U.S. and [[Indira Gandhi]] being assassinated.<ref>[http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2011/03/17/tn-elections-2011-dmk-releases-candidates-list-119-seats-karunanidhi-tiruvarur-stali TN Elections 2011: DMK releases candidates list for 119 seats-Karunanidhi from Tiruvarur, Stalin fielded in Kolathur]</ref>

==Seat allotments==

===AIADMK Front===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 50px;"
! scope="col" style="width:40px;"| No. 
! scope="col" style="width:300px;"colspan=2"| Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;"| Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:180px;"| Leader
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seats
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="text-align:right;"|1. || {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} || style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg|50x50px]] || [[M. G. Ramachandran]] || style="text-align:center;"|155
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="text-align:right;"|2. || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}|| style="text-align:center;"|
[[File:Hand INC.svg|50x50px]]
|| [[M. Palaniyandi]] || style="text-align:center;" |73
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="text-align:right;"|3. || {{Full party name with color|Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress}} || style="text-align:center;"|
[[File:No flag.svg|50x50px]]
|| [[Kumari Ananthan]] ||style="text-align:center;"|4
|}

===DMK Front===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 50px;"
! scope="col" style="width:40px;"| No. 
! scope="col" style="width:300px;"colspan=2"| Party
! scope="col" style="width:80px;"| Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:180px;"| Leader
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"| Seats
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="text-align:right;"|1. || {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|| style="text-align:center;"|
[[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg|50x50px]]
|| [[M. Karunanidhi]] || style="text-align:center;" |176
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="text-align:right;"|2. || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}|| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|50x50px]] || P. Manickam || style="text-align:center;"|17
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="text-align:right;"|3.
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50x50px]] || A. Nallasivan || style="text-align:center;"|16
|- style="height: 55px;"
| style="text-align:right;"|4. || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}} || style="text-align:center;"|[[File:No flag.svg|50x50px]] || || style="text-align:center;"|16
|}

==Voting and results==

===Results by Pre-Poll Alliance ===
[[File:1984 tamil nadu legislative election map by parties.png|thumb|Election map of results based on parties. Colours are based on the results table on the left]]
{{Election table|title=Summary of the 1984 December Tamil Nadu legislative Assembly election results}}
!colspan=10|[[File:India Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 1984.svg]]
|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Alliance/Party
!style="width:4px" |
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Change
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Popular Vote
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Vote %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Adj. %‡
|-
! style="background-color:#009900; color:white"|AIADMK+ alliance
! style="background-color:{{party color|AIADMK}}" |
| '''195'''
| '''+29'''
| '''11,681,221'''
| style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" colspan=2 | '''53.9%'''
|-
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
! style="background-color:{{party color|AIADMK}}" |
| 132
| +3
| 8,030,809
| 37.0%
| 54.3%
|-
|[[Indian National Congress|INC(I)]]
! style="background-color:{{party color|INC}}" |
| 61
| +30
| 3,529,708
| 16.3%
| 54.5%
|-
|[[Indian National Congress breakaway parties|GKC]]
! style="background-color: teal" |
| 2
| -4
| 120,704
| 0.6%
| 40.4%
|-
! style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|DMK+ alliance
! style="background-color: {{party color|DMK}}" |
| '''34'''
| '''-25'''
| '''8,021,293'''
| style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" colspan=2 | '''37.0%'''
|-
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
! style="background-color: {{party color|DMK}}" |
| 24
| -13
| 6,362,770
| 29.3%
| 40.8%
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
! style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| 5
| -6
| 597,622
| 2.8%
| 39.6%
|-
|[[Janata Party|JNP]]
! style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
| 3
| +1
| 493,374
| 2.3%
| 36.4%
|-
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
! style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| 2
| -7
| 567,527
| 2.6%
| 35.5%
|-
! style="background-color:gray; color:white"|Others
! style="background-color:gray" |
| '''5'''
| '''-4'''
| '''1,983,959'''
| style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" colspan=2 | '''9.1%'''
|-
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
! style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |
| 4
| -4
| 1,619,921
| 7.5%
| 7.9%
|-
|[[Ambedkar Kranti Dal|AKD]]
! style="background-color:{{party color|Ambedkar Kranti Dal}}"|
| 1
| –
| 47,212
| 0.7%
| 57.2%
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu Congress (K)|TNC]]
! style="background-color: " |
| 0
| –
| 152,315
| 0.7%
| 34.9%
|-
|[[Indian Congress (J)|ICJ]]
! style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Congress (J)}}"|
| 0
| –
| 110,121
| 0.5%
| 3.2%
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| 0
| –
| 54,390
| 0.3%
| 3.7%
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |Total
! style="background-color: " |
! 234
! –
! 21,686,473
! 100%
! style="text-align:center;" | –
|-
|}{{refbegin}}
'''‡''': Vote % reflects the percentage of votes the party received compared to the entire electorate that voted in this election. Adjusted (Adj.) Vote %, reflects the % of votes the party received per constituency that they contested.
 Sources: Election Commission of India <ref>{{cite web
| last = Election Commission of India
| title = 1984 Election Statistical Report
| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf
| access-date = 19 April 2009
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf
| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>
{{refend}}

=== By constituency ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Results by constituency |
* Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency
! colspan="2" |Assembly Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Margin
|-
! #k
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
|-
|1||[[Royapuram Assembly constituency|Royapuram]]||P. Punnurangam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||40,727||50.26||K. Rajan||{{Party name with color|Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress}}||39,432||48.66||1,295
|-
|2||[[Harbour Assembly constituency|Harbour]]||[[A. Selvarasan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,953||55.3||K. Liakath Ali Khan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||30,649||43.51||8,304
|-
|3||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar Assembly constituency|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||Venugopal S. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||54,334||50.71||[[S. P. Sarguna Pandian]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||50,483||47.12||3,851
|-
|4||[[Park Town Assembly constituency|Park Town]]||[[K. Anbazhagan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,540||50.89||Jothi. M. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||34,613||46.92||2,927
|-
|5||[[Perambur Assembly constituency|Perambur]]||[[Parithi Ilamvazhuthi]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||53,325||53.04||[[Sathyavani Muthu]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,121||45.87||7,204
|-
|6||[[Purasawalkam Assembly constituency|Purasawalkam]]||[[Nanjil K. Manoharan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||61,246||51.14||Suppu. K. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,736||47.37||4,510
|-
|7||[[Egmore Assembly constituency|Egmore]]||[[S. Balan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||29,795||51.84||Sri Ramulu K. R. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,246||47.41||2,549
|-
|8||[[Anna Nagar Assembly constituency|Anna Nagar]]||[[S. M. Ramachandran]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||63,854||52.59||Kothandaraman V. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,128||46.22||7,726
|-
|9||[[Thiyagarayanagar Assembly constituency|Thiyagaraya Nagar]]||[[K. Sourirajan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||49,038||49.26||G. Kalivaradan||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||40,154||40.34||8,884
|-
|10||[[Thousand Lights Assembly constituency|Thousand Lights]]||[[K. A. Krishnaswamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,246||50.36||[[M. K. Stalin]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||43,954||47.86||2,292
|-
|11||[[Chepauk Assembly constituency|Chepauk]]||[[A. Rahman Khan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,234||56.26||Sri Ramulu K. R. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,246||47.41||8,988
|-
|12||[[Triplicane Assembly constituency|Triplicane]]||Abdul Samad||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,410||50.52||[[K. S. G. Haja Shareef]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,302||42.05||6,108
|-
|13||[[Mylapore Assembly constituency|Mylapore]]||[[B. Valarmathi]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,870||51.68||Bharathi. R. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||46,396||46.22||5,474
|-
|14||[[Saidapet Assembly constituency|Saidapet]]||[[Saidai Duraisamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||52,869||49.35||Purushothaman. D. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||52,679||49.17||190
|-
|15||[[Gummidipundi Assembly constituency|Gummidipoondi]]||[[R. S. Munirathinam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||55,221||55.56||K. Vezhavendan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||43,174||43.44||12,047
|-
|16||[[Ponneri Assembly constituency|Ponneri]]||K. P. K. Sekar Alias K. P. Kulasekaran||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||61,559||59.05||K. Sundaram||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,655||39.96||19,904
|-
|17||[[Thiruvottiyur Assembly constituency|Thiruvottiyur]] ||G. K. J. Baarathi||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||65,194||54.26||T. K. Palaniswamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||53,684||44.68||11,510
|-
|18||[[Villivakkam Assembly constituency|Villivakkam]]||V. P. Chintan||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||81,595||48.21||[[J. C. D. Prabhakar]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||80,549||47.59||1,046
|-
|19||[[Alandur Assembly constituency|Alandur]]||[[M. Abraham]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||61,300||49.14||Mohanarangam. R. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||60,394||48.41||906
|-
|20||[[Tambaram Assembly constituency|Tambaram]]||Ella Rajamanickam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||75,155||51.75||[[M. A. Vaithyalingam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||68,009||46.83||7,146
|-
|21||[[Thiruporur Assembly constituency|Thiruporur]]||Thamizhmani||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||38,075||47.28||Chokkalingam. G. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,641||39.29||6,434
|-
|22||[[Chengalpattu Assembly constituency|Chengalpattu]]||[[P. G. Anoor Jegadeesan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,423||50.14||Rudrakotti. V. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||44,203||48.8||1,220
|-
|23||[[Maduranthakam Assembly constituency|Maduranthakam]]||[[C. Arumugam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||40,105||46.21||Sachuthanandam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||37,745||43.49||2,360
|-
|24||[[Acharapakkam Assembly constituency|Acharapakkam]]||[[K. Ethirajan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||43,323||54.66||[[E. Ramakrishnan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,744||43.83||8,579
|-
|25||[[Uthiramerur Assembly constituency|Uthiramerur]]||Narasimma Pallavan. K. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||57,797||57.21||Ponmozhi. C. V. M. A. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||40,007||39.6||17,790
|-
|26||[[Kancheepuram Assembly constituency|Kancheepuram]]||[[K. Balaji (politician)|K. Balaji]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||60,363||55.31||Palani Raja Kumar. C. M. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||47,362||43.4||13,001
|-
|27||[[Sriperumbudur Assembly constituency|Sriperumbudur]]||[[D. Yasodha]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,421||53.94||Panchatcharam. K. M. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,601||40.21||11,820
|-
|28||[[Poonamallee Assembly constituency|Poonamallee]] ||G. Ananthakrishna||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||55,129||55.97||D. Rajarathinam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||40,562||41.18||14,567
|-
|29||[[Tiruvallur Assembly constituency|Thiruvallur]] ||[[S. Pattabiraman]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||44,461||51.73||S. R. Munirathinam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||39,908||46.43||4,553
|-
|30||[[Tiruttani Assembly constituency|Tiruttani]] ||[[R. Shanmugam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||41,669||50.48||Chiranjeevulu Naidu. C. ||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||37,740||45.72||3,929
|-
|31||[[Pallipattu Assembly constituency|Pallipet]]||Narasimhan. P. N. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||34,935||39.96||Bakambaram. A. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||28,724||32.85||6,211
|-
|32||[[Arakkonam Assembly constituency|Arakkonam]]||[[V. K. Raju]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||52,657||52.24||[[M. Vijayasarathy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,344||45.98||6,313
|-
|33||[[Sholingur Assembly constituency|Sholingur]]||[[N. Shanmugam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||47,967||51.38||K. Moorthi||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||43,918||47.05||4,049
|-
|34||[[Ranipet Assembly constituency|Ranipet]]||M. Kadirvelu||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||56,068||55.6||Abdul Jabbar V. M. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||33,337||33.06||22,731
|-
|35||[[Arcot Assembly constituency|Arcot]]||[[T. Palani]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||52,222||58.96||[[Arcot N. Veerasamy]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,509||38.96||17,713
|-
|36||[[Katpadi Assembly constituency|Katpadi]]||G. Raghupathi||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||53,077||57.08||[[Durai Murugan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,839||39.62||16,238
|-
|37||[[Gudiyatham Assembly constituency|Gudiyatham]]||R. Govindasamy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||32,077||39.15||A. K. Sundararajan||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||25,630||31.28||6,447
|-
|38||[[Pernambut Assembly constituency|Pernambut]]||K. Thamizharasan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||47,813||56.17||V. Govindan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,420||42.78||11,393
|-
|39||[[Vaniyambadi Assembly constituency|Vaniyambadi]]||H. Abdul Majeed||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||39,141||45.36||A. P. Abdul Majid||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,856||43.87||1,285
|-
|40||[[Natrampalli Assembly constituency|Natrampalli]]||[[T. Anbazhagan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,503||58.55||N. K. Raja||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,293||28.28||29,210
|-
|41||[[Tiruppattur (state Assembly constituency Vellore)|Tirupattur (Vellore)]]||Shanmugam Y. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,884||49.02||[[B. Sundaram]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||28,781||30.09||18,103
|-
|42||[[Chengam Assembly constituency|Chengam]]||[[T. Swamikannu]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,770||61.42||P. Anbalagan||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||21,039||28.23||24,731
|-
|43||[[Thandarambattu Assembly constituency|Thandarambattu]]||E. Vachiravelu||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||53,422||58.96||D. Venugopal||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,649||38.24||18,773
|-
|44||[[Tiruvannamalai Assembly constituency|Tiruvannamalai]]||A. S. Ravindran||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||49,782||51.31||S. Murugaiyan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||44,409||45.77||5,373
|-
|45||[[Kalasapakkam Assembly constituency|Kalasapakkam]]||Pandurangan. M. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,969||58.78||[[P. S. Thiruvengadam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,303||37.75||19,666
|-
|46||[[Polur Assembly constituency|Polur]]||Rajababu. J. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||52,437||62.4||Subramantan. T. K. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||30,319||36.08||22,118
|-
|47||[[Anaicut Assembly constituency|Anaikattu]]||[[V. R. Krishnasamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,312||58.42||Rajagopal. P. N. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||26,692||34.42||18,620
|-
|48||[[Vellore Assembly constituency|Vellore]]||Devaraj. V. M. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||54,453||54.01||A. K. Ranganathan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||44,430||44.07||10,023
|-
|49||[[Arani Assembly constituency|Arani]]||M. Chinnakulandai||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,653||54.83||[[R. Sivanandam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||43,620||43.76||11,033
|-
|50||[[Cheyyar Assembly constituency|Cheyyar]]||K. Murugan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||53,945||58.46||Babu Janarthanam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,405||40.53||16,540
|-
|51||[[Vandavasi Assembly constituency|Vandavasi]]||A. Arumugham||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||48,712||53.29||V. Rajagopal||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,326||41.93||10,386
|-
|52||[[Peranamallur Assembly constituency|Peranamallur]]||R. Hari Kumar||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||49,591||54.39||A. Rajendran||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,599||41.24||11,992
|-
|53||[[Melmalayanur Assembly constituency|Melmalayanur]]||P. U. Shanmugam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||61,289||67.63||P. R. Aranganathan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,343||30.17||33,946
|-
|54||[[Gingee Assembly constituency|Gingee]]||Muruganandam. T. N. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||56,156||60.61||Ramachandran. N. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,054||36.76||22,102
|-
|55||[[Tindivanam Assembly constituency|Tindivanam]]||K. M. Thangamani||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||45,404||58.67||Subramanya Kounder||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||26,088||33.71||19,316
|-
|56||[[Vanur Assembly constituency|Vanur]]||M. N. Ramajayam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,196||64.54||A. Poopalan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,980||35.46||26,216
|-
|57||[[Kandamangalam Assembly constituency|Kandamangalam]]||[[V. Subramanian]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||53,211||58.01||Alaguvelu S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,514||41.99||14,697
|-
|58||[[Villupuram Assembly constituency|Villupuram]]||Rajarathinam Mani M. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||50,156||52.71||Palaniappan K. P. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,302||38.15||13,854
|-
|59||[[Mugaiyur Assembly constituency|Mugaiyur]]||Chandrasekar. M. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,863||56.87||Sampath. A. G. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,128||38.6||14,735
|-
|60||[[Tirunavalur Assembly constituency|Thirunavalur]]||Menoharan T. N. G. A. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||40,539||49.79||Balasubramanian A. V. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||32,566||40||7,973
|-
|61||[[Ulundurpet Assembly constituency|Ulundurpet]]||[[K. Murugesan Anandan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,200||63.18||K. Varaharajulu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||29,318||32.96||26,882
|-
|62||[[Nellikkuppam Assembly constituency|Nellikuppam]]||Anbarasan Alias Ramalingam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||48,018||56.71||Govindarajan||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||26,641||31.46||21,377
|-
|63||[[Cuddalore Assembly constituency|Cuddalore]]||V. G. Cheelappa||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||53,759||58.02||V. Krishnamurthy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,063||40||16,696
|-
|64||[[Panruti Assembly constituency|Panruti]]||[[S. Ramachandaran]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,900||53.97||K. Nandagopala Krishnan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||44,263||46.03||7,637
|-
|65||[[Kurinjipadi Assembly constituency|Kurinjipadi]]||[[A. Thangarasu]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,400||49.9||C. Kuppusami||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,434||37.85||10,966
|-
|66||[[Bhuvanagiri Assembly constituency|Bhuvanagiri]]||[[V. V. Swaminathan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,922||56.2||Durai Krishnamoorthy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||39,621||42.89||12,301
|-
|67||[[Kattumannarkoil Assembly constituency|Kattumannarkoil]]||S. Jayachandran||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||42,928||50.67||K. P. Thangaswamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,796||49.33||1,132
|-
|68||[[Chidambaram Assembly constituency|Chidambaram]]||[[K. R. Ganapathi]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||47,067||54.55||K. S. Subramanian||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,824||43.84||9,243
|-
|69||[[Vridhachalam Assembly constituency|Vriddhachalam]]||[[R. Thiyagarajan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||53,731||57.33||D. Rasavelu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,609||37.99||18,122
|-
|70||[[Mangalore, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency|Mangalore]]||S. Thangaraju||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||55,408||61.4||N. Muthuvel||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||32,273||35.76||23,135
|-
|71||[[Rishivandiyam Assembly constituency|Rishivandiyam]]||S. Sivaraj||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||43,439||51.95||M. Natesha Udayar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,318||45.82||5,121
|-
|72||[[Chinnasalem Assembly constituency|Chinnasalem]]||[[S. Sivaraman]]||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||53,630||63.65||Periyasamy D. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||30,633||36.35||22,997
|-
|73||[[Sankarapuram Assembly constituency|Sankarapuram]]||[[S. Kalitheerthan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||53,162||59.49||K. Venkatapathy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||29,131||32.6||24,031
|-
|74||[[Hosur Assembly constituency|Hosur]]||[[T. Venkata Reddy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||35,293||48.37||E. Venkatasamy||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||15,096||20.69||20,197
|-
|75||[[Thalli Assembly constituency|Thalli]]||K. V. Venugopal||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||36,441||49.05||D. C. Vijayendraiah||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||34,017||45.79||2,424
|-
|76||[[Kaveripattinam Assembly constituency|Kaveripattinam]]||K. Samarasam||{{Party name with color|Ambedkar Kranti Dal}}||47,212||57.18||[[V. C. Govindasamy Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,533||38.19||15,679
|-
|77||[[Krishnagiri Assembly constituency|Krishnagiri]]||Chinnaraju K. R. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||40,585||54.83||Kanchana||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||29,570||39.95||11,015
|-
|78||[[Bargur Assembly constituency|Bargur]]||T. M. Venkatachalam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||57,388||69.71||Veeramani P. V. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||24,577||29.86||32,811
|-
|79||[[Harur Assembly constituency|Harur]]||[[R. Rajamanickam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||60,106||66.96||Annamalai M. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||27,799||30.97||32,307
|-
|80||[[Morappur Assembly constituency|Morappur]]||Theerthagiri Gounder T. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||39,779||50.77||Samikannu V. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,453||35.04||12,326
|-
|81||[[Palacode Assembly constituency|Palacode]]||Theertharaman P. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||55,459||65.93||Munusamigounder M. B. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,045||30.96||29,414
|-
|82||[[Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency|Dharmapuri]]||[[R. Chinnasamy]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||46,383||54.21||Aranganathan S. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||37,929||44.33||8,454
|-
|83||[[Pennagaram Assembly constituency|Pennagaram]]||H. G. Arumugam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||44,616||54.98||Nanjappan N. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||25,518||31.45||19,098
|-
|84||[[Mettur Assembly constituency|Mettur]]||Machimuthu K. P. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,083||48.15||Gurusamy K. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||28,253||29.52||17,830
|-
|85||[[Taramangalam Assembly constituency|Taramangalam]]||[[S. Semmalai]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||63,407||69.68||Arjunan K. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||25,429||27.95||37,978
|-
|86||[[Omalur Assembly constituency|Omalur]]||Anbalagan||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||51,703||66.04||Kuppusamy S. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||22,961||29.33||28,742
|-
|87||[[Yercaud Assembly constituency|Yercaud]]||Thirugnanam P. R. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||48,787||74.4||Manickam. K||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||16,785||25.6||32,002
|-
|88||[[Salem – I Assembly constituency|Salem-I]]||G. Krishnaraj||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,749||51.8||G. K. Subasu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||48,863||46.24||5,886
|-
|89||[[Salem – II Assembly constituency|Salem-Ii]]||Arumugam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||49,339||53.79||[[Veerapandy S. Arumugam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,333||45.07||8,006
|-
|90||[[Veerapandi Assembly constituency|Veerapandi]]||[[P. Vijayalakshmi]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||61,609||63.7||Subramaniams||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||33,549||34.69||28,060
|-
|91||[[Panamarathupatti Assembly constituency|Panamarathupatty]]||Rajaram K. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||48,726||60.35||Sivalingam. S. R. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,810||34.45||20,916
|-
|92||[[Attur Assembly constituency|Attur]]||[[C. Palanimuthu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||55,927||66.53||[[A. M. Ramaswamy]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||24,804||29.51||31,123
|-
|93||[[Talavasal Assembly constituency|Talavasal]]||[[T. Rajambal]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||53,104||64.73||R. Ravichandar||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||25,291||30.83||27,813
|-
|94||[[Rasipuram Assembly constituency|Rasipuram]]||Ramalingam K. P. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,565||52.45||Kaliappan. P. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,087||41.79||10,478
|-
|95||[[Senthamangalam Assembly constituency|Sendamangalam]]||[[S. Sivaprakasam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,129||64.17||Kalavathi. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,277||31.15||27,852
|-
|96||[[Namakkal Assembly constituency|Namakkal]]||R. Arunachalam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,158||56.93||K. Veluchami||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||40,868||40.01||17,290
|-
|97||[[Kapilamalai Assembly constituency|Kapilamalai]]||[[P. Sengottaiyan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||51,233||53.52||K. A. Mani||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||40,090||41.88||11,143
|-
|98||[[Tiruchengode Assembly constituency|Tiruchengodu]]||Ponnaiyan C. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||77,659||55.38||Kandasamy. M. M. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||58,437||41.67||19,222
|-
|99||[[Sankari Assembly constituency|Sankari]]||[[P. Dhanapal]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,276||56.99||Murugesan. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,906||40.98||16,370
|-
|100||[[Edapadi Assembly constituency|Edapadi]]||Govindaswamy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||68,583||64.78||Arumugam. P. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,860||26.32||40,723
|-
|101||[[Mettupalayam Assembly constituency|Mettupalayam]]||Chinnaraj. M. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||61,951||59.6||Mathiyan. M. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,527||39.95||20,424
|-
|102||[[Avanashi Assembly constituency|Avanashi]]||Lakshmi P. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,677||67.3||Arumugam. M. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||24,504||28.11||34,173
|-
|103||[[Thondamuthur Assembly constituency|Thondamuthur]]||Aranganayakam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||67,679||57.48||Vellingiri. U. K. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||45,353||38.52||22,326
|-
|104||[[Singanallur Assembly constituency|Singanallur]]||Sengalippan R. ||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||54,787||49.37||Subramaniam. A. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||49,856||44.92||4,931
|-
|105||[[Coimbatore South Assembly constituency|Coimbatore (West)]]||[[M. Ramanathan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||44,542||51.91||Hakkeem M. A. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||37,650||43.87||6,892
|-
|106||[[Coimbatore North Assembly constituency|Coimbatore (East)]]||[[K. Ramani]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||40,891||48.14||[[Kovai Thambi]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||39,832||46.89||1,059
|-
|107||[[Perur Assembly constituency|Perur]]||A. Natarasan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||58,302||52.63||K. Marudasalam||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,241||46.26||7,061
|-
|108||[[Kinathukadavu Assembly constituency|Kinathukadavu]]||[[K. V. Kandaswamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||50,375||56.69||[[M. Kannappan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,492||43.31||11,883
|-
|109||[[Pollachi Assembly constituency|Pollachi]]||[[M. V. Rathinam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,337||52.6||S. Raju||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||47,527||46.01||6,810
|-
|110||[[Valparai Assembly constituency|Valparai]]||V. Thangavelu||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||48,779||63.46||[[A. T. Karuppiah]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||26,109||33.97||22,670
|-
|111||[[Udumalpet Assembly constituency|Udumalaipettai]]||[[S. Thirumalaisamy Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||56,004||53.3||R. T. Mariyappan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||46,526||44.28||9,478
|-
|112||[[Dharapuram Assembly constituency|Dharapuram]]||Periasamy. A. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,919||59.09||Ayyasamy. R. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,951||40.91||15,968
|-
|113||[[Vellakoil Assembly constituency|Vellakoil]]||Durai Ramasamy||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,188||55.82||Appan Palanisamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||42,881||44.18||11,307
|-
|114||[[Pongalur Assembly constituency|Pongalur]]||Kandaswamy P. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,535||57.77||Palanisamy N. S. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||30,934||38.4||15,601
|-
|115||[[Palladam Assembly constituency|Palladam]]||[[P. N. Paramasiva Gounder]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,083||53.97||Sivasamy||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||40,510||42.8||10,573
|-
|116||[[Tiruppur Assembly constituency|Tiruppur]]||[[K. Subbarayan]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||51,874||40.92||Manimaran. R. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||50,634||39.94||1,240
|-
|117||[[Kangayam Assembly constituency|Kangayam]]||[[K. C. Palanisamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,252||57.78||M. Sivasabapathy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,495||39.94||16,757
|-
|118||[[Modakkurichi Assembly constituency|Modakkurichi]]||S. Balakrishnan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||65,641||56.56||A. Ganeshamurthy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||48,315||41.63||17,326
|-
|119||[[Perundurai Assembly constituency|Perundurai]]||A. Ponnusamy||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||60,830||64.34||T. K. Nallappan||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||32,465||34.34||28,365
|-
|120||[[Erode Assembly constituency|Erode]]||[[S. Muthusamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||71,722||53.5||[[Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||60,075||44.81||11,647
|-
|121||[[Bhavani Assembly constituency|Bhavani]]||[[P. G. Narayanan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,350||63.3||[[N. K. K. Periasamy]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||33,116||35.93||25,234
|-
|122||[[Anthiyur Assembly constituency|Anthiyur]]||[[U. P. Mathaiyan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||53,825||69.75||Lakshmi S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||22,479||29.13||31,346
|-
|123||[[Gobichettipalayam Assembly constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]||[[K. A. Sengottaiyan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,884||63.08||Andamuthu M. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,879||35.35||25,005
|-
|124||[[Bhavanisagar Assembly constituency|Bhavanisagar]]||[[V. K. Chinnasamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||52,539||59.06||Vellingiri S. Alias Giri S. V. ||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||35,743||40.18||16,796
|-
|125||[[Sathankulam Assembly constituency|Sathyamangalam]]||[[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||50,725||62.97||Subramaniam T. K. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||25,006||31.04||25,719
|-
|126||[[Coonoor Assembly constituency|Coonoor]]||M. Sivakumar||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||47,113||56.7||M. Ranganathan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,990||42.11||12,123
|-
|127||[[Udagamandalam Assembly constituency|Udhagamandalam]]||[[K. Kallan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||52,145||62.99||Mahalingam S. A. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||29,345||35.45||22,800
|-
|128||[[Gudalur Assembly constituency|Gudalur]]||[[K. Hutchi Gowder]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||52,470||57.8||K. Karuppusamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,013||39.67||16,457
|-
|129||[[Palani Assembly constituency|Palani]]||[[A. S. Ponnammal]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||62,344||66.27||[[N. Palanivel]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||30,794||32.73||31,550
|-
|130||[[Oddanchatram Assembly constituency|Oddanchatram]]||[[K. Kuppuswamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,466||49.86||Chellamuthu K. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||43,985||47.19||2,481
|-
|131||[[Periyakulam Assembly constituency|Periyakulam]]||Mohammed Saleem T. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,021||63.04||Maya Thevar Alias Mayan P. N. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,554||34.28||26,467
|-
|132||[[Theni Assembly constituency|Theni]]||[[V. R. Jayaraman]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,970||57.36||[[K. T. K. Thangamani]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||40,611||40.89||16,359
|-
|133||[[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency|Bodinayakkanur]]||K. S. M. Ramachandran||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||54,231||61||Muthu Manoharan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,359||38.65||19,872
|-
|134||[[Cumbum Assembly constituency|Cumbum]]||S. Subburayar||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||52,228||52.17||[[N. Eramakrishnan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||47,005||46.95||5,223
|-
|135||[[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]||[[M. G. Ramachandran]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||60,510||67.4||Thangaraj Alias Vallarasu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||28,026||31.22||32,484
|-
|136||[[Sedapatti Assembly constituency|Sedapatti]]||[[Sedapatti Muthiah]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||38,808||47.29||N. S. Selvaraj||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||33,810||41.2||4,998
|-
|137||[[Tirumangalam Assembly constituency|Tirumangalam]]||[[N. S. V. Chitthan]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,146||55.23||A. Athiyanan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,304||42.26||10,842
|-
|138||[[Usilampatti Assembly constituency|Usilampatti]]||Muthuramalingam. P. K. M. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||50,876||60.9||Andi Thever S. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||30,135||36.07||20,741
|-
|139||[[Nilakottai Assembly constituency|Nilakottai]]||[[A. Baluchamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||55,162||62.88||M. Arivazhagan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||25,313||28.86||29,849
|-
|140||[[Sholavandan Assembly constituency|Sholavandan]]||Chandrasekaran A. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||44,464||53.35||Rajagopal. P. N. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||26,692||34.42||17,772
|-
|141||[[Thirupparankundram Assembly constituency|Thiruparankundram]]||[[M. Marimuthu]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,559||53.47||[[Ayyanan Ambalam]] ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||45,886||41.9||12,673
|-
|142||[[Madurai West Assembly constituency|Madurai West]]||[[Pon. Muthuramalingam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||48,247||51.24||Pandian S. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,131||47.93||3,116
|-
|143||[[Madurai Central Assembly constituency|Madurai Central]]||Deivanyagam A. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||41,272||50.76||Nedumaran P. ||{{Party name with color|Tamil Nadu Congress (K)}}||39,012||47.98||2,260
|-
|144||[[Madurai East Assembly constituency|Madurai East]]||K. Kalimuthu||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||43,210||51.08||P. M. Kumar||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||36,972||43.71||6,238
|-
|145||[[Samayanallur Assembly constituency|Samayanallur]]||Sivakumar. A. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||65,883||58.44||Selvaraj. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||45,746||40.58||20,137
|-
|146||[[Melur Assembly constituency|Melur]]||Veeranambalam. D. V. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||60,794||60.11||Thiyagarajan. K. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||33,748||33.37||27,046
|-
|147||[[Natham Assembly constituency|Natham]]||[[M. Andi Ambalam]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||57,214||68.48||Alagirisamy. T. ||{{Party name with color|Tamil Nadu Congress (K)}}||18,004||21.55||39,210
|-
|148||[[Dindigul Assembly constituency|Dindigul]]||A. Premkumar||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||67,718||62.68||[[N. Varadarajan]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||34,952||32.35||32,766
|-
|149||[[Athoor Assembly constituency|Athoor]]||[[V.R. Nedunchezhiyan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||67,178||63.16||Rajambal K. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,605||35.35||29,573
|-
|150||[[Vedasandur Assembly constituency|Vedasandur]]||[[V. P. Balasubramanian]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||60,583||55.48||[[P. Muthusamy]]||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||32,714||29.96||27,869
|-
|151||[[Aravakurichi Assembly constituency|Aravakurichi]]||[[S. Jegatheesan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||57,887||55.72||[[P. Ramasamy]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||44,273||42.62||13,614
|-
|152||[[Karur Assembly constituency|Karur]]||[[K. Vadivel]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||65,363||54.35||K. V. Ramasamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||53,160||44.2||12,203
|-
|153||[[Krishnarayapuram Assembly constituency|Krishnarayapuram]]||[[P. M. Thangavelraj]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||65,928||70.4||Krishnan. K. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||25,613||27.35||40,315
|-
|154||[[Marungapuri Assembly constituency|Marungapuri]]||K. Sholairaj||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||62,656||69.36||P. Ramasamy||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||24,135||26.72||38,521
|-
|155||[[Kulithalai Assembly constituency|Kulithalai]]||P. Musiri Puppnan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||62,165||64.05||B. Karuppaiah||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||32,317||33.3||29,848
|-
|156||[[Thottiam Assembly constituency|Thottiam]]||Periyasamy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||66,131||68.39||Vadivel S. R. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,615||27.52||39,516
|-
|157||[[Uppiliyapuram Assembly constituency|Uppiliapuram]]||R. Saroja||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||59,347||60.61||R. Mookkayee||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,249||38.04||22,098
|-
|158||[[Musiri Assembly constituency|Musiri]]||Rathinavelu. S. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||65,759||59.75||Natarajan. R. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||42,086||38.24||23,673
|-
|159||[[Lalgudi Assembly constituency|Lalgudi]]||K. Venkatachalam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||61,590||60.09||A. Swaminkan||{{Party name with color|Tamil Nadu Congress (K)}}||36,468||35.58||25,122
|-
|160||[[Perambalur Assembly constituency|Perambalur]]||[[K. Nallamuthu]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||57,021||63.88||T. Sarojini||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,751||31.09||29,270
|-
|161||[[Varahur Assembly constituency|Varahur]]||[[A. Arunachalam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||50,012||56.92||K. Kanaga Sabai||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,302||42.45||12,710
|-
|162||[[Ariyalur Assembly constituency|Ariyalur]]||S. Purushothaman||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,815||58.36||[[T. Arumugam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||39,045||40.11||17,770
|-
|163||[[Andimadam Assembly constituency|Andimadam]]||[[Adhimoolam (Andimadam Mla)|Adhimoolam Alias Gandhi]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||43,911||52.92||[[S. Sivasubramanian]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,895||45.67||6,016
|-
|164||[[Jayankondam Assembly constituency|Jayankondam]]||Masilamani. N. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||57,468||62.94||J. Pannirselvam||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||22,778||24.95||34,690
|-
|165||[[Srirangam Assembly constituency|Srirangam]]||R. Soudararajan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,861||56.52||C. Ramasamy Udayar||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||38,399||36.87||20,462
|-
|166||[[Tiruchirappalli – I Assembly constituency|Tiruchirappalli I]]||[[A. Malarmannan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,802||50.84||Perumal. R. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||34,909||46.95||2,893
|-
|167||[[Tiruchirappalli – II Assembly constituency|Tiruchirappalli Ii]]||N. Nallusamy||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,589||51.63||[[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,908||46.44||4,681
|-
|168||[[Thiruverumbur Assembly constituency|Thiruverumbur]]||M. Guruswamy Alias Annadasan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||47,900||47.84||[[Pappa Umanath]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||43,421||43.36||4,479
|-
|169||[[Sirkazhi Assembly constituency|Sirkazhi]]||[[K. Balasubramanian]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,438||55.65||[[M. Panneerselvam (Sirkazhi Mla)|M. Panneerselvam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||40,152||43.44||11,286
|-
|170||[[Poompuhar Assembly constituency|Poompuhar]]||Vijayabalan. N. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||44,860||50.22||Jama Imoideen Papa||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,780||46.77||3,080
|-
|171||[[Mayiladuturai Assembly constituency|Mayiladuthurai]]||M. Thangamani||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||47,119||51.87||K. Satiyaseelan||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||42,948||47.28||4,171
|-
|172||[[Kuttalam Assembly constituency|Kuttalam]]||Pappa Subbramanian||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||53,214||55.63||Rajamanickam. R. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,454||43.33||11,760
|-
|173||[[Nannilam Assembly constituency|Nannilam]]||[[M. Manimaran]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||50,072||51.72||Anbarasan. S. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,564||47.06||4,508
|-
|174||[[Tiruvarur Assembly constituency|Thiruvarur]]||M. Sellamuthu||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||56,273||55.99||P. Selvadurai||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||44,227||44.01||12,046
|-
|175||[[Nagapattinam Assembly constituency|Nagapattinam]]||[[G. Veeraiyan]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||43,684||48.24||S. Thenkovan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||38,698||42.74||4,986
|-
|176||[[Vedaranyam Assembly constituency|Vedaranyam]]||[[M. Meenakshi Sundaram]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||49,922||50.23||Rajendran. P. V. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||48,646||48.94||1,276
|-
|177||[[Tiruthuraipundi Assembly constituency|Thiruthuraipoondi]]||[[P. Uthirapathy]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||59,834||54.44||J. Archunan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||49,019||44.6||10,815
|-
|178||[[Mannargudi Assembly constituency|Mannargudi]]||S. Gnanasundaram||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||49,471||47.96||P. Ramalingam||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||45,044||43.67||4,427
|-
|179||[[Pattukkottai Assembly constituency|Pattukkottai]]||Ramachandran P. N. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||50,493||51.04||Subramanian. A. V. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,376||35.76||15,117
|-
|180||[[Peravurani Assembly constituency|Peravurani]]||Govendhan. M. R. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||52,690||55.46||Gopu. A. M. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||25,423||26.76||27,267
|-
|181||[[Orathanad Assembly constituency|Orathanadu]]||[[T. Veeraswamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,717||46.28||[[L. Ganesan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||42,648||42.24||4,069
|-
|182||[[Thiruvonam Assembly constituency|Thiruvonam]]||Sivagnanam. V. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,777||48.25||[[M. Ramachandran]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,707||36.83||11,070
|-
|183||[[Thanjavur Assembly constituency|Thanjavur]]||Durai Krishnamurthy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||48,065||49.9||Thangamuthu. P. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||46,304||48.08||1,761
|-
|184||[[Tiruvaiyaru Assembly constituency|Thiruvaiyaru]]||Durai Govindarajan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,974||55.75||Ramamurthy A. ||{{Party name with color|Tamil Nadu Congress (K)}}||33,885||40.21||13,089
|-
|185||[[Papanasam Assembly constituency|Papanasam]]||[[S. Rajaraman]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||52,202||58.52||Sachidhanandam. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,924||39.15||17,278
|-
|186||[[Valangiman Assembly constituency|Valangiman]]||Gomathi Srinivasan||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||46,618||55.78||Somasundaram Sithmalli. N. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,347||41.1||12,271
|-
|187||[[Kumbakonam Assembly constituency|Kumbakonam]]||[[K. Krishnamurthy]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||58,334||64.57||Kaliyanasudaram. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||20,666||22.88||37,668
|-
|188||[[Thiruvidamarudur|Thiruvidaimarudur]]||Rajangam. M||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||50,002||51.18||Ramalingam. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,539||37.4||13,463
|-
|189||[[Tirumayam Assembly constituency|Thirumayam]]||Pushparaju T. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||65,043||69.42||Pawanan. R. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,360||28.13||38,683
|-
|190||[[Kolathur Assembly constituency|Kolathur]]||Marimuthu. T. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||62,391||62.72||Tamilselvan Keerai. A. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,544||34.73||27,847
|-
|191||[[Pudukkottai Assembly constituency|Pudukkottai]]||J. Mohamed Gani||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||63,877||62.37||K. R. Subbiah||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||26,214||25.6||37,663
|-
|192||[[Alangudi Assembly constituency|Alangudi]]||[[A. Venkatachalam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||74,202||65.86||[[A. Periyannan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,173||32.99||37,029
|-
|193||[[Arantangi Assembly constituency|Aranthangi]]||[[S. Thirunavukkarasu]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||70,101||62.68||Ramanathan. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||40,197||35.94||29,904
|-
|194||[[Tiruppattur (state Assembly constituency, Sivaganga)|Tiruppattur (Sivaganga)]]||[[S. Madhavan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||51,581||59.99||Algu. Pr. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||29,673||34.51||21,908
|-
|195||[[Karaikudi Assembly constituency|Karaikudi]]||[[S. P. Durairasu]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||47,760||48.98||C. T. Chidambaram||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||38,101||39.08||9,659
|-
|196||[[Tiruvadanai Assembly constituency|Tiruvadanai]]||Sornalingam. K. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||47,618||47.8||Gnanaprakasam. M. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||28,801||28.91||18,817
|-
|197||[[Ilaiyangudi Assembly constituency|Ilayangudi]]||Anbalangan. P. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||40,974||48.64||Malaikannan. V. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,771||43.65||4,203
|-
|198||[[Sivaganga Assembly constituency|Sivaganga]]||[[O. Subramanian]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||49,407||55.92||Ayyadurai. V. R. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||25,582||28.95||23,825
|-
|199||[[Manamadurai Assembly constituency|Manamadurai]]||[[K. Paramalai]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||52,587||61.67||V. Gopal||{{Party name with color|Tamil Nadu Congress (K)}}||24,946||29.25||27,641
|-
|200||[[Paramakudi Assembly constituency|Paramakudi]]||[[K. Baluchamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,401||58.19||[[T. K. Siraimeettan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,480||40.09||16,921
|-
|201||[[Ramanathapuram Assembly constituency|Ramanathapuram]]||[[T. Ramasamy]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,342||59.91||M. S. Abdul Raheem||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,615||37.87||20,727
|-
|202||[[Kadaladi Assembly constituency|Kadaladi]]||[[A. Piranavanathan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,399||39.81||V. Sivathavilli Thevar||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||30,697||32.67||6,702
|-
|203||[[Mudukulathur Assembly constituency|Mudukulathur]]||[[K. Muthuvel]]||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||32,199||37.33||[[Kadher Batcha]] Alias S. Vellaichamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||23,611||27.38||8,588
|-
|204||[[Aruppukottai Assembly constituency|Aruppukottai]]||[[M. Pitchai]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||39,839||45.32||[[V. Thangapandian]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,405||41.42||3,434
|-
|205||[[Sattur Assembly constituency|Sattur]]||[[K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||58,745||51.03||[[S. S. Karuppasamy]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||51,338||44.6||7,407
|-
|206||[[Virudhunagar Assembly constituency|Virudhunagar]]||[[A. S. A. Arumugam]]||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||42,852||45.36||[[M. Sundararajan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||35,776||37.87||7,076
|-
|207||[[Sivakasi Assembly constituency|Sivakasi]]||[[V. Balakrishnan (Sivakasi Mla)|V. Balakrishnan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||41,731||38.73||Perumal Samy. N. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||30,930||28.71||10,801
|-
|208||[[Srivilliputhur Assembly constituency|Srivilliputhur]]||[[R. Thamaraikani]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||54,458||53.35||Senivasan. P. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||46,245||45.31||8,213
|-
|209||[[Rajapalayam Assembly constituency|Rajapalayam]]||[[K. Raman]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||54,670||54.49||Paulraj-I||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||44,924||44.78||9,746
|-
|210||[[Vilathikulam Assembly constituency|Vilathikulam]]||[[S. Kumara Kurubara Ramanathan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||32,481||40.52||[[R. K. Perumal]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||26,143||32.62||6,338
|-
|211||[[Ottapidaram Assembly constituency|Ottapidaram]]||R. S. Arumugam||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||46,190||67.89||M. Appadurai||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||20,868||30.67||25,322
|-
|212||[[Kovilpatti Assembly constituency|Kovilpatti]]||R. Rangasamy||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||45,623||55.75||S. Alagarsamy||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||28,327||34.61||17,296
|-
|213||[[Sankarankoil Assembly constituency|Sankarankoil]]||[[S. Sankaralingam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||48,411||54.45||[[S. Thangavelu]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||36,028||40.52||12,383
|-
|214||[[Vasudevanallur Assembly constituency|Vasudevanallur]]||[[R. Eswaran]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||50,303||62.34||Periasamy. M. S. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||27,875||34.55||22,428
|-
|215||[[Kadayanallur Assembly constituency|Kadayanallur]]||[[T. Perumal]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||49,186||53.44||[[Samusudeen|Samusudeen Alias Kathiravan]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,584||45.18||7,602
|-
|216||[[Tenkasi Assembly constituency|Tenkasi]]||[[T. R. Venkataraman]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||57,011||60.45||M. Kuthalingam||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||35,383||37.52||21,628
|-
|217||[[Alangulam Assembly constituency|Alangulam]]||[[N. Shanmugiah Pandian]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||48,109||54.49||Thambi Thurai. P. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||27,076||30.67||21,033
|-
|218||[[Tirunelveli Assembly constituency|Tirunelveli]]||[[S. Narayanan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||56,409||59.57||[[A. L. Subramanian]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,547||39.65||18,862
|-
|219||[[Palayamkottai Assembly constituency|Palayamkottai]]||[[V. S. T. Shamsulalam]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||45,209||51.92||[[V. Karuppasamy Pandian]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||41,004||47.09||4,205
|-
|220||[[Cheranmadevi Assembly constituency|Cheranmahadevi]]||[[P. H. Pandian]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||55,898||67.45||Pandian. P. S. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||26,225||31.64||29,673
|-
|221||[[Ambasamudram Assembly constituency|Ambasamudram]]||[[Balasubramanian (Ambasamudram Mla)|Balasubramanian]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||44,707||54.75||Nallasivan A. ||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||36,041||44.14||8,666
|-
|222||[[Nanguneri Assembly constituency|Nanguneri]]||[[M. John Vincent]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,825||58||Namdi. E. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||31,807||40.25||14,018
|-
|223||[[Radhapuram Assembly constituency|Radhapuram]]||[[Kumari Ananthan]]||{{Party name with color|Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress}}||40,213||53.99||Subramania Nadar. B. ||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||25,075||33.66||15,138
|-
|224||[[Sathankulam Assembly constituency|Sattangulam]]||[[S. N. Ramasamy]]||{{Party name with color|Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress}}||37,892||53.69||Ganesapandian. M. A. ||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||29,275||41.48||8,617
|-
|225||[[Tiruchendur Assembly constituency|Tiruchendur]]||[[S. R. Subramania Adityan]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,953||50.7||K. P. Kandasamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||43,565||48.07||2,388
|-
|226||[[Srivaikuntam Assembly constituency|Srivaikuntam]]||[[S. Daniel Raj]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||41,513||53.76||S. P. Muthu||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||34,140||44.21||7,373
|-
|227||[[Thoothukkudi Assembly constituency|Thoothukkudi]]||S. N. Rajendran||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||59,622||56.54||A. Ayyasamy||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,549||35.61||22,073
|-
|228||[[Kanyakumari Assembly constituency|Kanniyakumari]]||[[K. Perumal Pillai]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||45,353||54.05||Sankaraligom. M. ||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||37,696||44.92||7,657
|-
|229||[[Nagercoil Assembly constituency|Nagercoil]]||[[S. Retnaraj]]||{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}||41,572||47.86||Jagatheeson. S. ||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||40,301||46.39||1,271
|-
|230||[[Colachel Assembly constituency|Colachel]]||[[F. M. Rajarathnam]]||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||33,585||39.33||M. R. Gandhi||{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||32,996||38.64||589
|-
|231||[[Padmanabhapuram Assembly constituency|Padmanabhapuram]]||[[V. Balachandran (Indian politician)|V. Balachandran]]||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||28,465||37.77||M. Vincent||{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=AIADMK}}||24,148||32.05||4,317
|-
|232||[[Thiruvattar Assembly constituency|Thiruvattar]]||[[J. Hemachandran]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||26,851||36.97||M. Mohndahs||{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}||22,762||31.34||4,089
|-
|233||[[Vilavancode Assembly constituency|Vilavancode]]||[[M. Sundardas]]||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||47,169||57.49||[[D. Moni]]||{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||34,876||42.51||12,293
|-
|234||[[Killiyur Assembly constituency|Killiyoor]]||[[D. Kumaradas]]||{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}||36,944||58.24||Pauliah. A. ||{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,458||40.14||11,486
|}

==M.G.R's third cabinet==
{{Main|Third Ramachandran ministry}}

After the General Elections held in December 1984, the Governor appointed Dr. M. G. Ramachandran as Chief Minister heading the new Government with effect from the forenoon of 10 February 1985. The Governor, on the advice of Hon. Chief Minister appointed 16 more Ministers on 14 February 1985.

==Janaki's cabinet==
{{Main|V. N. Janaki ministry}}

{| class="wikitable"
!S.no
!Name
!Designation
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]'''
|-
|1.
|[[V. N. Janaki]]
|[[Chief Minister]]
|[[AIADMK]]
| width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|2.
|[[R. M. Veerappan]]
|Minister for Local Administration
| rowspan="7" |[[AIADMK]]
| rowspan="7" width="1px" style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|-
|3.
|[[P. U. Shanmugam]]
|Minister for Health
|-
|4.
|[[C. Ponnaiyan]]
|Minister for Education and Law
|-
|5.
|[[S. Muthusamy]]
|Minister for Transport
|-
|6.
|[[V. V. Swaminathan]]
|Minister for Tourism, Prohibition and Electricity
|-
|7.
|[[T. Ramasamy]]
|Minister for Commercial Taxes
|-
|8.
|[[A. Arunachalam]]
|Minister for Adi Dravidar Welfare
|-
|} After MGR's death, VR Neduncheziyan was sworn in as Acting Chief Minister. But, one week later, the party majority led by R.M.Veerappan supported MGR's widow Janaki to become Chief minister and she was sworn in as Chief minister. Janaki doubled as the finance minister in her Cabinet. The Governor gave V. N. Janaki Ramachandran 30 days time to prove majority support in the house. This was a problem because, 30 MLAs of her own party were supporting [[J. Jayalalithaa]] to become the new Chief minister. Hence Janaki had the support of only 105 MLAs in the house of 234, as VR Neduncheziyan's 10 supporters chose to remain neutral and boycott the voting.

Hence, on the day of voting, Speaker PH pandiyan disqualified and dismissed 20 MLAs of opposition party DMK and 15 MLAs of AIADMK (Jayalalithaa faction ) from their MLA posts, due to demeaning behaviour in the house and thus announced that the majority was reduced to a mere 100, as the house then had only 199 members.

Before commencement of oral voting, violence erupted in the house and the speaker was injured. With bleeding head, he announced that Janaki had proved her majority with 105 MLAs and adjourned the house immediately. Then the members of the assembly were escorted out.

The Governor of state refused to accept this voting which was done under suspicious environment and recommended the Central government to dismiss the legislature and hold fresh general elections. The central government accepted the recommendation and the legislature was dissolved by the President.

== See also ==
*[[Elections in Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Legislature of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]

==Footnotes==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://eci.nic.in/ Election Commission of India]

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1980s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1984 State Assembly elections in India|Tamil Nadu]]

Bhai Baldeep Singh

2026-02-15T08:55:14Z

Sergdxx: stub

{{Short description|Classical and Sikh musician (born 1969)}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Bhai Baldeep Singh
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = Chandigarh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|9|13|df=y}}
| death_date =
| genre = [[Music of Punjab#Gurbani Sangeet|Gurbani Sangeet]], Chant, Var & Drupad
| occupation = Exponent of Pakhawaj Jori, Luether, Gurmat & Classical music singer and player
| years_active = 1989-present
| website = {{URL|https://anadfoundation.org}}
| notable_works = Research on crafting rabab used at Guru times, made a documentary on [[Gurmat Sangeet]]
| awards = <ref name=SW/><ref name="bhaibaldeep"/> {{ubl
|Batan Singh Memorial Award 1997
|Annual award for contribution to classical music by Delhi Goveronment 2002–2003
|Award for Gaurav of Sikhi 2003
|Award on Gurbani and Classical music by Goveronment of Punjab 15 ਅਗੱਸਤ 2011
|[[The Sikh Awards|Sikh Award]] U.K in entertainment field 2014 <ref>{{cite web|title=Fifth Annual Sikh Awards|url=https://www.asiansunday.co.uk/the-fifth-annual-sikh-awards/|website=asiansunday.co.uk|date=23 October 2014 |access-date=2022-03-27}}</ref>
|Certificate of Merit by Goveronmentbof Bihar 2017
|Member of Punjab state Sangeet Natak Akadami 2001–03 ਤੇ 2004–2006
|Punjab representative in National Sangeet Natak Akadami of India 2009–2014}}
Shaan-e-Khalsa 2025 by Jawaddi Taksal and Virasat Punjab Manch
| relatives = Amarjeet Singh ( Father)<ref name=KKH>{{cite journal|first=BhaiBaldeep|last=Singh|title= What is Kirtan|url=https://www.academia.edu/23059816|year=2011|journal=Sikh Formations|volume=7 : 3|issue=3 |pages=245–295|doi=10.1080/17448727.2011.637382 |s2cid=141534461 |via=academia.edu|access-date=2022-03-25}}</ref>
| education = Bachelors Degree in Arts (1988)
| alma_mater = Goveronment College of Arts Sector 11 Chandigarh<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi chapter of alumni association of post graduate Govt college sector 11 Chandigarh celebrates 'Oneness' reunion|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/delhi-chapter-of-alumni-association-of-post-graduate-govt-college-sector-11-chandigarh-celebrates-oneness-reunion20201230174059/|access-date=2022-03-26|website=aninews.in}}</ref>
}}
'''Bhai Baldeep Singh''' (born 1969)<ref name=BD>{{Cite book |last1=Khalsa |first1=Nirinjan Kaur |title=Beacons of Dharma |chapter=Chapter 15: Singing Dharam |last2=Cassio |first2=Francesca |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2020 |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Christopher Patrick |location=U.K. |pages=272 ,307, 309|quote=Bhai Baldeep Singh (b. 1969) & 'Francesca Cassio......senior disciple of Bhai Baldeep Singh' }}</ref> is a [[Ragi (Sikhism)|Ragi]] known for his [[Sikh music|Shabad Kirtan]]. He is a researcher and revivalist for conventional string instruments like Dhrupadi Rabab, Saranda, Tambura (Tanpura), Dilruba used for Sikh music since Guru's Times. He is an accomplished [[Pakhawaj]] [[Mridang]] Jori player. He is the founder and chairman of Anad Foundation organisation dedicated to Sikh music.<ref name="AF">{{Cite web |date=2012-01-13 |title=Bhai Baldeep Singh |url=https://anadfoundation.org/about/board-of-trustees-advisors-of-the-anad-foundation/bhai-baldeep-singh/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=The Anād Foundation |language=en}}</ref> He was an unsuccessful candidate of [[Aam Aadmi Party]] in [[2014 Indian general election in Punjab|2014 general elections for Punjab]] state of India.

== Early life ==
Bhai Baldeep was born to his parents Amarjeet Singh and Sukhjit Kaur in a respectable family of Sikh musicians at Chandigarh on 13 September 1969.He passed Fifth Standard from Airforce school Vadodara Gujrat and Matriculation from Goveronment Model High School, sector 32 Chandigarh in 1984.He was a leading cadet in NCC aero wing of school who took part in Republic Day Parade of 1987 at Delhi as one of three parade commanders and was even selected in SSB interview after matriculation. He was also adjudged as best aero modeller at Punjab (combined Punjab, Haryana, Himachal and Chandigarh) directorate of NCC, Patiala

== Inheritance and early Gurbani Kirtan learning ==
Being a child of a family of well versed in Sikh musical traditions, he was initiated to learning kirtan since age 5 by his mother Sukhjit Kaur. Then learning of Tabla playing came from Air Force station gurdwara Granthi in 1976.All this was happening to him as he was great-grandchild of Bhai Narain Singh who was himself a kirataniya and elder brother of reputed Bhai [[Saidpur, Kapurthala#Bhai Jwala Singh Ragi: (1892–1952)|Jawala Singh Ragi]] In turn Bhai Jawala Singh and Narain Singh were tenth generation of their ancestors Bhai Sadharan jee (who was architect at Baoli sahib Goindwal at times of Guru Amardas), after them came in lineage Bhai Sahib Singh (a Sikh of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]), Bhai Mehtab Singh his son Bhai Tehal Singh (a kirtaniya of panch shabdee Aasa ki Var bani since sunset to early morning sunrise), further his son Bhai Deva Singh (d 1894) father of Baba Jawala Singh (1872–1952) who had two sons as accomplished ragis Bhai Avtar Singh and Gurcharan Singh, grand uncles of Bhai Baldeep Singh, and other son of Deva Singh Bhai Narain singh (1856–1906) whose son Giani [[Bhagat Singh]] (1897–1906) grand father of Bhai Baldeep singh 13th generation exponent <ref name="Music">{{Cite book |last=Linden |first=Bob van der |title=Music and Empire in Britain and India |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2013 |location=U S A |pages=307}}</ref> of great family was.<ref name="umich">{{Cite thesis |last=Khalsa |first=Nirinjan Kaur |year=2014 |title=The renaissance of Sikh devotional music, memory, identity and praxis |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/107325/nirinjan_1.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=Michigan University |type=PhD thesis |page=32,180,216|access-date=2022-03-18 |via=deeplue.lib.umich.edu}}</ref>

== Occupation ==
Instead of choosing his bright career in aero modelling after initial studies, he preferred to dedicate his life for study of difficult and well developed heritage of Gurbani Kirtan and Sikh music.<ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=Bhai Baldeep Singh - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia. |url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Bhai_Baldeep_Singh |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=www.sikhiwiki.org}}</ref>

== Research for traditional compositions of Gurbani Kirtan & into the making of traditional string instruments. ==
During 1987–2005,<ref name="umich"/> Bhai Baldeep conducted a comprehensive research mission<ref name="umich"/> across Punjab and Pakistan with the aim of gaining access to the Gurbani kirtan tradition by reaching out to the old ragis of the time and retrieving its links. He retrieved musical compositions of Gurbani Shabads left out and remaining at that time in oral tradition, revived intricacies in playing percussion instrument Pakhawaj Jori. He also succeeded in exposing the peacock based stringed instrument Taus which was in vogue for Gurbani singing initiated by [[Guru Hargobind]]. He was successful to approach Giani Harbhajan Singh an elderly luthier (1920–2005), who possessed profound knowledge of playing and making traditional string instruments like [[Taus (instrument)|Taus]], [[Saranda]], [[Rubab (instrument)|Rabab]], [[Dilruba]] etc. used for Gurbani Kirtan and [[Indian classical music]] and reviving his Luthiery techniques for learning and making these instruments himself. Giani Harbhajan Singh Mistry even handed over the reins of his young grandson Parminder Singh Bumrah to Baldeep Singh, who later became a major string instrument luthier and [[Mridangam]] [[Pakhavaj]] player.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Curtains set to fall on Anad Foundation |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/jalandhar/curtains-set-to-fall-on-anad-foundation-296874 |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

== Achievements and rewards ==
Source:<ref name="bhaibaldeep"/><ref name="AF" />

Bhai Baldeep Singh learned playing Mirdang (jori, tabla), Pakhawaj, according to the Guru Chela tradition from Ustad [[Arjan Singh]] Tarangar,<ref name="bhaibaldeep">{{Cite web |date=2012-04-22 |title=About Me |url=https://bhaibaldeep.com/about-me/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=bhaibaldeep |language=en}}</ref> an expert musician of Jodi and Mirdang. He perfected this art so much that he received the turban /achieved headship of Amritsari Baj tradition being continued from Bhai Maiya Singh in this art. He revived this gharana of Pakhawaj also known as Nayian da gharana or more recently Punjab Gharana.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pacciola |first=Paolo |title=The Indian Drum of the King -God and the Pakhawaj of Nathdwara |publisher=Routelege |year=2020 |chapter=Tha pakhawaj and pakhawaj players in classical music scene of contemporary India |quote=Along with the main ones, there are other Gharanas, such as the Punjab Gharana which has been recently revived by Bhai Baldeep Singh.}}</ref> He also perfected his learning of Gurbani and Gurmat Sangeet from his grand uncle Bhai Gurcharan Singh Ragi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Bhai Baldeep|url=https://bhaibaldeep.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/2018-09-19-bbs-cv-e28094-dean-gndu.pdf|access-date=2022-03-25|date=2018-09-18|title=Bhāi Baldeep Singh}}[[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]</ref> Additionally he mastered technique of making traditional string instruments like rabab, saranda, tambura, dilruba etc. Bhai Baldeep is not only engaged in the research of traditional string instruments of the Guru period, but has succeeded in reviving these instruments in service of [[Music of Punjab#Gurbani Sangeet|Gurbani Sangeet]],.

He is founder and chairman of Anad conservatory of classical style of kirtan. He has trained several Indian and western musicians in this art.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Nikki Gurinder Kaur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySm-DwAAQBAJ|title=The First Sikh: Life and Legacy of Guru Nanak|publisher=Panguin Random House India Limited|year=2019|language=en|format=e Book|quote=The classical style of kirtan is being devoutly performed and enthusiastically heard and rigorously studied all over.To name a few distinguished experts, Bhai Baldeep Singh of New Delhi heads the Anad Conservatory in Sultanpur Lodhi and has trained several Indian and western musicians.|access-date=2022-03-26|via=google.co.in|isbn=9789353057107 }}</ref> To name a few Nirinjan Kaur Khalsa and Francesca Cassio are his well acclaimed students.<ref name=BD/>

Besides he has organized many music concerts in India as well as abroad in North America, Europe, Southeast Asia and Australia and gave performances for his singing and playing.<ref name="bhaibaldeep"/><ref name="umich"/><ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/forgotten-gurbani-strings-draw-foreign-sikh-converts/articleshow/11971923.cms|title='Forgotten' Gurbani strings draw foreign Sikh converts {{pipe}} Chandigarh News|website=The Times of India|date=2012-02-21|access-date=2022-03-25}}</ref>

He has been an expert and visiting professor of [[Music of Punjab#Gurbani Sangeet|Gurbani Sangeet]], at Hofstra University, USA.<ref name="KKH" /><ref name="Music"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Bhai Baldeep}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:Indian musical instrument makers]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Ircon International

2026-02-13T15:18:56Z

Sergdxx: updated formatting for consistency to improve readability

{{short description|Indian railway infrastructure company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{primary sources|date=February 2012}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Indian Railway Construction International ltd
| logo = Ircon International.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| trade_name =
| former_name = Indian Railway Construction Limited
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|541956}} {{NSE|IRCON}}
| ISIN =
| industry = [[Rail transport|Railway infrastructure]]
| fate =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1976|04|27}}
| founder = 
| defunct = 
| hq_location = C-4 District Centre
| hq_location_city = [[Saket]], [[New Delhi]]
| hq_location_country = India<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.ircon.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=389&lang=en|website=www.ircon.org|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
| num_locations =
| num_locations_year = 
| areas_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl|Shri Hari Mohan Gupta ([[Chairman]] & [[Managing director|MD]])}}
| services = [[Engineering, procurement and construction]]
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|5441.72|c}} (2020)<ref name="Balance Sheet 2020">[http://www.ircon.org/images/file/cosecy/31032020FR.pdf "Balance Sheet 31.03.2020"].</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|699.70|c}} (2020)<ref name="Balance Sheet 2020"/>
| profit = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|489.78|c}} (2020)<ref name="Balance Sheet 2020"/>
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|12644.11|c}} (2020)<ref name="Balance Sheet 2020"/>
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|4161.13|c}} (2020)<ref name="Balance Sheet 2020"/>
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| num_employees = 1260 (14 May 2024)
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
*Ircon Infrastructure & Services Limited
*Ircon Shivpuri-Guna Tollway Limited
*Ircon PB Tollway Limited <ref>{{cite web|title=subsidiaries|url=http://www.ircon.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=467&lang=en|website=www.ircon.org|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
| module = 
| website = {{URL|http://www.ircon.org}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ircon International''', or '''Indian Railway Construction International Limited (IRCON)''', is an Indian engineering & construction corporation, specialized in transport infrastructure. The [[public sector undertaking]] was established in 1976, by the [[Indian Railways]] under the [[Companies Act 2013|Indian Companies Act 1956]]. IRCON was registered as the Indian Railway Construction International Limited, a wholly owned entity of the Indian Railway Board. Its primary charter was the construction of railway projects in India and abroad. Ircon has since diversified into other transport and infrastructure segments and with its expanded scope of operations around the world, the name was changed to Indian Railway International Ltd. in October 1995.

The Ircon is known for undertaking challenging infrastructure projects, especially in difficult terrains in India and abroad. Ircon has completed over 1650 major infrastructure projects in India and over 900 major projects across the globe in more than 31 countries.<ref name=ircon-about>{{cite web|url=http://www.ircon.org/about-us.asp|title=About Us|publisher=Ircon International|access-date=2018-02-08|archive-date=26 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726192307/http://www.ircon.org/about-us.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
The Ministry of Finance conferred ‘Navratna’ status on Ircon International in year 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Press Release |first1=PIB |title=IRCON granted Navratna status |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1967400}}</ref>

== Area of business ==

The core competence of the company in order of priority are - Railways, Highways and EHT Substation Engineering and Construction. Ircon is a turnkey construction company that is specialized in railways (new railway lines, rehabilitation/conversion of existing lines, station buildings and facilities, bridges, tunnels, signalling and telecommunication, railway electrification, and wet leasing of locomotives), highways, EHV sub-station (engineering, procurement and construction) and metro rail.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IRCON and Sri Lanka Railways signs agreement for the work of signalling and telecommunication system from Maho Junction to Anuradhapura – Rail Analysis India |url=https://news.railanalysis.com/ircon-and-sri-lanka-railways-signs-agreement-for-the-work-of-signalling-and-telecommunication-system-from-maho-junction-to-anuradhapura/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Major projects ==

===Afghanistan-Iran===
* Chabahar-Zahedan Railway: In May 2016, during Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s trip to Iran, agreement was signed to develop two berths at [[Port of Chabahar]] and to build new [[Chabahar Port#Chabahar–Zahedan-Bam-Hajigaj Railway|Chabahar-Zahedan railway]] from [[Chabahar Port]] in [[Iran]] to [[Afghanistan]], as part of [[North–South Transport Corridor]], by [[Indian Railways]]' public sector unit Ircon International.<ref name=FP1>[http://www.firstpost.com/world/chabahar-india-iran-narendra-modi-nitin-gadkari-afghanistan-2794226.html India-Iran sign key agreements, Published: 23 May 2016]</ref> The establishment of the port of Chabahar's connection to the country's railway plan, is under study and consideration. With the completion of the [[Kerman]]–[[Zahedan]] railway and its connection to the port of Chabahar, this port will connect to the [[Trans-Iranian Railway]]. However, in July 2020 Iran dropped India from the project, citing delays from the Indian side in funding and starting the project.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haidar|first=Suhasini|date=2020-07-14|title=Iran drops India from Chabahar rail project, cites funding delay|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/iran-drops-india-from-chabahar-rail-project-cites-funding-delay/article32072428.ece|access-date=2020-07-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Malaysia ===
* Project includes design, construction, completion, testing, commissioning and maintenance of the double track project between Seremban and Gemas, Malaysia. Ircon is helping Malaysia revive a multibillion-dollar rail project that had been shelved in 2003 due to its high cost, Malaysia's transport minister said Saturday, according to a report. - 21 April 2007 - [http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/21/business/AS-FIN-Malaysia-India-Rail-Project.php India's Ircon to take part in multibillion-dollar railway project in Malaysia]. After winning this project worth US$1 Billion in Malaysia for doubling of the track the company was awarded the rehabilitation of Railway line projects of about 250 million US$ in Sri Lanka.

=== Jammu and Kashmir, India ===
* The project deals with design and construction of New BG Rail link with 11.5 km long tunnel from [[Banihal]] – Baramulla in Kashmir valley to Jammu region inclusive of planning, design and construction of all the services and residential buildings, circulating area, parking, platforms, subways, shelters and other allied structures of all stations involved the construction of Rail link between Banihal and Baramulla (Total Length 136 km). Also completed construction of the longest Rail Tunnel of INDIA from Banihal to Qazigund (Namely Pir Panjal Tunnel).The project was turn key construction involving the following areas:
* Survey & Design
* Infrastructure Works (Earthwork, Bridges)
* Track Work
* Signaling Works
* Electrical Works
* Tunnel Construction Work
The project is unique and challenging in the aspect that it passes through the difficult terrain, inaccessible areas and working in the region severely affected by militancy. The project posed the challenge by involving high bridges, viaducts and tunnels. Ircon was assigned the work by Ministry of Railways on the ground of its capability of executing the work in challenging and difficult areas. Ircon completed above project despite adverse climate and conditions. At a time of heavy snowfall and rainfall when there was no work going on in the valley Ircon engineers and staff were on the job completing the work in a tight time frame. World Famous Tunnel T48 & Sumber station is located in this project.

IRCON is also involved in construction of 42.5 km of Katra-Banihal stretch with track passing through India's most challenging geological terrain. Landslide, flashfloods, debris fallout, cavities, high mass failure is common in the region.
Works include:-
(I) Construction of Tunnel T14/15.
(II) Tunnel T48 (10.2 km) - India's 3rd longest railway tunnel.
(III) Tunnel T49 (12 km) - India's longest railway tunnel.
(IV) Sumber station yard.

BLT (Ballast less works) in the new system arrangement being used in this stretch

=== Bihar, India ===

The scope of the project is the construction of [[Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge]], a steel superstructure and other ancillary works of rail cum road bridge across river Ganges at Patna. It is one of its own kind because of huge steel structured bridge amounting to over INR 1200 Crores. [[Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge]] is the largest steel girder bridge<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Railway-safety-commissioner-inspects-Digha-Sonepur-bridge/articleshow/50251157.cms|title=Girder erection and deck casting work has been completed on 45 spans of the bridge in a record time|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 December 2015 }}</ref> and is completed at the cost of {{INRConvert|1570|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Ircon-executes-landmarkrailway-projects-in-Bihar/articleshow/53133840.cms|title=Ircon executes landmark railway projects in Bihar|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 July 2016 }}</ref> It has been operational since February 2016.

== Milestones achieved ==

* Total length of track laid = 2025.62 km
* Total length of track (Ongoing Projects) = 1174 km

== Countries of operation ==
* [[Afghanistan]]
* [[Algeria]]
* [[Bangladesh]]
* [[Bhutan]]
* [[Ethiopia]]
*[[India]]
* [[Indonesia]]
* [[Iran]]
* [[Iraq]]
* [[Malaysia]]
* [[Mozambique]]
* [[Nepal]]
* [[South Africa]]
* [[Sri Lanka]]
* [[Turkey]]
* [[London]]
* [[Singapore]]
* [[Australia]]

== Customers ==
* [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
* [[Government of India]]
* [[Indian Railways]]
* [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu|Malaysia Railway]]
* [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]
* [[Mozambique Ports and Railways]]
* [[National Highways Authority of India]]
* [[Rail Vikas Nigam Limited]]
* [[UPPCL]]
* [[JKPDD]]
* [[Kochi Metro Rail]]

== Subsidiaries ==
=== Ircon Infrastructure & Services Limited ===
Ircon Infrastructure & Services Limited (IISL, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ircon International Limited) was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 on 30 September 2009. The company has obtained a Certificate of Commencement of Business on 10 November 2009 from the office of Registrar of Companies.

The main objects of the company as enshrined in its Memorandum and Articles of Association are to undertake infrastructure projects; to carry on any infrastructure construction work on Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT), Build-Lease-Transfer (BLT), etc. or otherwise or any other scheme or project found suitable in and related to the field of infrastructure projects and other ancillary fields; planning, designing, development, improvement, commissioning, operation, maintenance, etc. in the field of construction of infrastructure of Multi Functional Complexes (MFCs), etc. to provide facilities and amenities to users of Indian Railway System. News:[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=49651]; and all matters in the field of real estate and allied areas to make use of the opportunities that may arise. This includes providing project management, quality management, safety, health and environment related consultancy services to clients.
Following are its main clients:
* [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]]
* [[Ministry of Railways (India)]]

=== Ircon PB Tollway Limited ===
Ircon PB Tollway Limited (IPBTL, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ircon International Limited) was incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 in September 2014. The company has obtained a Certificate of Commencement of Business in October 2014 from the office of Registrar of Companies.

The main objects of the company as enshrined in its Memorandum and Articles of Association are to undertake Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), is to construct a road infrastructure between Phulodi and Bikaner in the state of [[Rajasthan]] in India for National Highway Authority of India.

=== Ircon Shivpuri Guna Tollway Limited ===
Ircon Shivpuri Guna Tollway Limited (ISGTL, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ircon International Limited) was incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 in May 2015.

The main objects of the company as enshrined in its Memorandum and Articles of Association are to undertake Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), is to construct a road infrastructure between Shivpuri and Guna in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in India for National Highway Authority of India.

== Related news ==
* Divestment: the Railway Ministry has sought the views of its public sector units, Ircon International and Rail India Technical and Economic Services (RITES), on a possible offload of Government stake in them. Both the profit-making firms are wholly owned by Indian Railways. The Railways could be considering this move to raise funds for the proposed dedicated freight corridor project [https://web.archive.org/web/20120515223002/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-06-20/news/29679871_1_disinvestment-list-ircon-concor News Report, 20 June 2011]
* Net profits: 3.39% rise in the December 2010 quarter [http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Ircon-International-net-profit-rises-3.39-percent-in-the-December-2010-quarter/3529187046 New Report, 3 February 2011]

== See also ==
* [[RITES]]
* [[IRCTC]]
* [[Indian Railway Finance Corporation|IRFC]]
* [[Ministry of Railways]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ircon.org/ Official Website]
* [https://twitter.com/IrconOfficial IRCON on Twitter]

{{Indian Railways}}
{{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Railway companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Construction and civil engineering companies of India]]
[[Category:Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Sudha Baragur

2026-02-12T02:56:21Z

Sergdxx: added first post initial version...

{{short description|Indian humorist and stand-up comedian}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sudha Baragur
| image = Suda bargur.jpg
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Humorist]], [[stand-up comedian]], [[lecturer]]
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| website = {{URL|http://sudhabaragur.com/}}
}}
'''Sudha Baragur''' is an Indian [[humorist]] and [[stand-up comedian]] based in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.prasarbharati.gov.in/playvideo2.php?l=PZ604xKGqyI |title=Renowned Humorist Sudha Baragur in Shobhodaya Karnataka: DD Chandana |website=Prasar Bharati |publisher=[[Prasar Bharati]], [[Government of India]] |location=India |date=20 December 2018}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://nacer.in/nandini_utsav_bengaluru_karnataka_sl_no_28.html |title=Felicitation to Sri K N Janardhana by Sudha Baragur during Nandini Utsav, Bengaluru, Karnataka |website=nacer.in |publisher=National Centre for Excellence of RSETIs, [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)]], [[Government of India]] |location=India |access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/46076/dist-lioness-meet-january-16.html |title=Dist Lioness meet on January 16 |date=2010-01-10 |website=Deccan Herald |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |location=India |access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://canaranews.com/news/kanara/Kannadigaru-Dubai-to-Celebrate-RAJYOTHSAVA-on-14th-November-in-Dubai |title=Kannadigaru Dubai to Celebrate 'RAJYOTHSAVA' on 14th November in Dubai |date=3 November 2014 |editor-last=Prasad |editor-first=Shodhan |website=canaranews.com |publisher=Canara News Media Network |location=Karnataka, India |access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mangaloretoday.com/gulfnews/Kannadigaru-Dubai-to-celebrate-Kannada-Rajyotsava-on-Nov-14.html |title=Kannadigaru Dubai to celebrate Kannada Rajyotsava on Nov 14 |website=www.mangaloretoday.com |publisher=[[Mangalore Today]] |location=Mangalore, Karnataka, India |access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref>

==Career and early life==
She holds a [[master's degree]] in [[economics]]. She had won more than 1000 prizes as a debater, until her university studies. She is an [[Eloquence|eloquent]] [[orator]].<ref name=":1"/>

Sudha Baragur felicitated K.N. Janardhana, during Nandini Utsav (2015), held in Bengaluru, Karnataka.<ref name=":2"/> She was the chief guest of ''′District [[Lions Clubs International#Lioness Clubs|Lioness]] meet′'' held on 16 January 2010.<ref name=":3"/> She has conducted more than 2500 humor shows like ''′Hasyotsava′'', ''′Nage Habba′'', ''′Nage Sambrama′'', ''′Nage Suggi′'' etc.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=http://sudhabaragur.com/page.php?page_name=about_us |title=About |website=sudhabaragur.com |access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref>

She was part TV shows like ''[[Majaa Talkies]] ([[List of Majaa Talkies episodes|Episode 120]])'', [[Udaya TV]]'s ''′[[Udaya TV#Programs and Shows|Harate]]′'' etc.<ref name=":4"/>

[[File:Sudha Baraguru Tumkur.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sudha Baragur (left), [[Shivakumara Swami]] (right), during a felicitation program in [[Tumkur]]]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://sudhabaragur.com/ Official website]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baragur, Sudha}}
[[Category:Indian humorists]]
[[Category:Indian women humorists]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Jean Paul Lal

2026-02-11T18:44:55Z

Sergdxx: Added Basic Stub W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lal Jr.
| image = Lal Jr.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Jean Paul Lal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age text|2 June 1988}}
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[New York Film Academy]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Director
* actor
}}
| yearsactive = 2013{{En dash}}present
| spouse = Blessy Jean (m.2013 div.2021)
| parents = [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] (Father) Nancy Lal (Mother)
| relatives = [[Balu Varghese]] (Cousin)
}}

'''Jean Paul Lal''' is an Indian film director and actor who mainly works in the [[Malayalam film]] industry. He is the son of actor-director [[Lal (actor)|Lal]]. His directorial debut movie was ''[[Honey Bee (2013 film)|Honey Bee]]'' starring [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] which was a hit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/365562/ |title=ലാല്‍ ജൂനിയര്‍, Interview - Mathrubhumi Movies |access-date=14 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217182527/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/365562/ |archive-date=17 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also played his acting debut as Solomon main villain in the movie ''[[Under World]]''. He played a significant role in 2023 ''[[Priyadarshan]]'' movie ''[[Corona Papers]]''.

==Personal life==

Jean Paul Lal was born to [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] and Nancy on 2 June 1988. He has a younger sister Monica Lal who completed her post-graduation from London. He studied filmmaking at [[New York Film Academy]]. Lal Jr married Blessy Susan Varghese on 26 December 2013 and they have a son.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vinodadarsh.blogspot.com/2013/12/jean-paul-lal-blessy-marriage-wedding.html|title = Jean Paul Lal ( Lal Jr) Married Blessy | Wedding and Reception Photos}}</ref> The couple got divorced in 2021

==Filmography==

{{Pending films key}}

=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Cobra (2012 film)|Cobra]]'' || Archery || cameo in end credits, assistant to Lal<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/prithviraj-to-play-a-car-enthusiast-in-jean-paul-lal-driving-license-5679873/|title=Prithviraj to play a car enthusiast in Jean Paul Lal's Driving License|date=17 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Honey Bee 2.5]]'' || Himself ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Under World]]'' || Solomon ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Corona Papers]]'' || Tony ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=New trailer of Shane Nigam's 'Corona Papers' released |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/new-trailer-of-shane-nigam-s-corona-papers-released-1.8454179 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Manjummel Boys]]'' || Siju ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushin Shyam collaborates with Vedan for Manjummel Boys first single |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/jan/25/sushin-shyam-collaborates-with-vedan-for-manjummel-boys-first-single-51513.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=25 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Notes
|-
|rowspan="2"|2013 ||''Debt'' || short film
|-
||''[[Honey Bee (2013 film)|Honey Bee]]'' ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014 ||''[[Hi I'm Tony]]'' ||
|-
||''Vekkada Vedi'' || short film
|-
|2017 ||''[[Honey Bee 2: Celebrations]]'' ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Driving License (2019 film)|Driving License]] '' ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Tsunami (2021 film)|Tsunami]]'' ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Nadikar]]''||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=5749041}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal Jr.}}
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]

Rajan Saxena (physician)

2026-01-28T06:07:55Z

Sergdxx: started new info

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2016}}

'''Rajan Saxena''' was born in Lucknow and was former Dean and Head of the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at [[Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences]], Lucknow, a medical institution of national importance in India and [[Padma Shri]] (2004) awardee.He is currently working in Apollomedics Hospital Lucknow.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/padma-awards-2004/222717|title=Padma Awards 2004|publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|accessdate=2016-08-26|date=Jan 25, 2004}}</ref> He is an alumnus of the [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]],{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} and specialises in hepatobiliary pancreatic and [[liver transplant]] surgery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/n3.asp|title=First adult to adult liver transplant successful|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] - Lucknow Edition|accessdate=2016-08-26|date=Jan 18, 2004}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saxena, Rajan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian gastroenterologists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Samhita Arni

2026-01-09T02:27:04Z

Sergdxx:

{{short description|Indian Writer, columnist}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Samhita Arni
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| occupation = Writer, columnist
}}
'''Samhita Arni''' is an Indian writer who writes in [[English language|English]]. She is best known for her adaptations of [[Indian epic poetry]]. She started writing and illustrating her first book The ''[[Mahabharatha]] - A Child’s View'' at the age of eight. The book then went on to be translated in seven languages and sold 50,000 copies worldwide. Her second book – ''Sita’s Ramayana'' – was on the [[New York Times]] Bestseller list for [[Graphic Novels]] for two weeks in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2019/feb/27/seeing-and-feeling-red-1944221.html|title=Seeing and feeling red|date=26 February 2019 }}</ref>

==Career==
Arni's first book, ''The Mahabharata: A Child's View'', was published in 1996, when she was 11 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/mag/2005/12/25/stories/2005122500360500.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=An Unusual Epic|date=2005-12-25|accessdate=28 August 2018}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> It was translated into several European languages, and won the [[Elsa Morante]] Literary Award from the Department of Culture of Campania, Italy, among other accoladates.

As an adult, she has written two books based on the [[Ramayana]]. The first, ''Sita's Ramayana'', is a [[graphic novel]] developed in collaboration with [[Patua]] artist [[Moyna Chitrakar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Samhita Arni on Sita's Ramayana |url=http://www.womensweb.in/articles/samhita-arni-sitas-ramayana/ |work=Women's Web: For Women Who Do |language=en |archive-date=21 June 2018 |access-date=5 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621065913/http://www.womensweb.in/articles/samhita-arni-sitas-ramayana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Her second Ramayana adaptation is ''The Missing Queen'', a [[Speculative fiction]] mythological thriller. It was published by Penguin/Zubaan in 2013.<ref name="samarni.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/in-search-of-sita/article4435293.ece|title=In Search of Sita|newspaper=The Hindu |date=20 February 2013 |publisher=|accessdate=28 August 2018}}</ref>

''The Prince'', her latest book, is the culmination of a five-year journey spent studying [[Ilango Adigal]]'s [[Silappatikaram]]. It was the year 2014 and the [[Nirbhaya]] case had taken centre-stage, unleashing a wave of wrath from women across the country. Arni watched this unfold, disturbed by the tragedy of what had taken place and staggered by the collective fury. It led to what she calls an obsession with [[Silappatikaram]], the [[Sangam period]] epic, a story of love, betrayal, grief and above all, wrath.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/240319/samhita-arni-takes-on-society-with-a-tamil-epic.html|title=Samhita Arni takes on society with a Tamil epic|date=24 March 2019 }}</ref> Retellings, she feels, are important for a culture to evolve. “Each generation is different, and for a myth, story, or an epic to resonate with that generation, it must be told in a way that relates with that generation's experience, in order to touch them, and for that story to remain part of our cultural psyche.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/the-prince-who-became-a-monk-ilango-adigal/article26340081.ece|title=Ilango Adigal: the prince who became a monk|newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 February 2019 |last1=Kannadasan |first1=Akila }}</ref>

She has been a regular columnist for ''[[The Bangalore Mirror]]'' and ''[[The Hindu]]''.

==Education==
Arni is an alumnus of the [[United World Colleges]] in Italy. She has lived in Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Thailand, Italy and the United States.<ref name="samarni.com"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.samarni.com Personal website] Samhita's website featuring some of her works

; Interviews and talks
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GJO277pfiA ''The Prince - Book launch ''] – The author, Samhita Arni, in conversation with Arshia Sattar, 2019-04-05 (video, 63 mins)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYlJ2IeYbmw ''Interview''] – In Conversation with Samhita Arni at GALF 2016, 2016-02-03 (video, 09 mins)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dqEaLIeqzg ''Conversation''] – Finding a Voice: Samhita Arni & Abeer Hoque in conversation with Supriya Nair, 2017-01-24 (video, 41 mins)

; Columns and articles
*[https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/samhita-arni-points-out-how-caste-and-gender-prejudice-are-inextricably-linked/article17433634.ece ''Gender doesn’t come in the way of Nirvana''] Column in the national daily [[The Hindu]]
*[https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/sitas-freedom-struggle-5431592/ ''Sita’s Freedom Struggle''] Column in the national daily [[The Indian Express]]
*[http://www.natgeotraveller.in/temple-run-the-sacred-structures-of-the-chola-dynasty-in-tamil-nadu/ ''Temple Run: The Sacred Structures of the Chola Dynasty in Tamil Nadu''] Article in [[National Geographic Traveler]]
*[https://www.thehindu.com/books/and-all-our-yesterdays-in-utopia/article26342068.ece ''Why do majority of Indian writers remain obsessed with myth?''] Article in the national daily [[The Hindu]]
*[https://www.firstpost.com/living/breaking-up-with-the-ramayana-why-i-chose-texts-that-promote-empathy-and-looking-beyond-ones-identity-6238591.html ''Breaking up with the Ramayana: Why I chose texts that promote empathy and looking beyond one's identity''] Article in the news and media website Firstpost
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arni, Samhita}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Mythographers]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]

Sister

2025-12-29T07:49:48Z

Sergdxx:

{{Short description|Female sibling}}{{About||other uses|Sister (disambiguation)|and|Sisters (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Little Julia tending the baby at home.jpg|thumb|right|Two child sisters, the elder tending to the younger {{Circa|1911}}.]]
[[File:The Chess Game (Sofonisba Anguissola) 1555 (4096x3236px).jpg|thumb|''The Game of Chess'' (1555) by [[Sofonisba Anguissola]] (It depicts her sisters [[Lucia Anguissola|Lucia]] (left), [[:fr:Minerva Anguissola|Minerva]] (right) and [[:it:Europa Anguissola|Europa]] (middle) Anguissola playing chess. The older woman is their maidservant.)]]
[[File:Henrika Šantel - Sestra Danica.jpg|thumb|The Artist's sister [[Danica Šantel]] by [[Henrika Šantel]]]]
[[File:Spencer-sisters.jpg|thumb|Three sisters from the Spencer family, {{Circa|1902}}.|211x211px]]
A '''sister''' is a [[woman]] or a [[girl]] who shares [[Parent|parents]] or a parent with another individual; a female [[sibling]].<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Definition of sister in English |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524223741/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |access-date=2019-05-24 |website=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref> The male counterpart is a [[brother]]. Although the term typically refers to a [[family|familial]] relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships.<ref>Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba." (1988): 441–454.</ref> A full sister is a [[first degree relative|first-degree relative]].

==Overview==

The [[English language|English]] word ''sister'' comes from [[Old Norse]] {{Lang|non|systir}} which itself derives from [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*swestēr'', both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts, [[brother]]s.<ref>Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics". Child Development 73 (2): 581–600.</ref> In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers.<ref>Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry — Page 67, Wen-Shing Tseng – 2001</ref> In some quarters, the term ''sister'' has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulating [[kinship]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=van der Burghe|first1=Pierre|title=The Ethnic Phenomenon|date=1987|page=27}}</ref> In response, in order to avoid equivocation, some publishers prefer the usage of ''female sibling'' over ''sister''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olshewsky|first1=Thomas|title=Problems in the philosophy of language|date=1969|page=286}}</ref> Males with a [[twin]] sister sometimes view her as their female [[alter ego]], or what they would have been like if they had two X chromosomes.<ref>McCallum, Robyn. "Other Selves: subjectivity and the doppelganger in Australian adolescent fiction. Example of the sister in a sentence "The sisters live in the convent at Lafayette Towers." Writing the Australian child: Texts and contexts in fictions for children (1996): 17–36.</ref> A study in Perth, Australia found that girls having only younger brothers resulted in a ''chastity effect'': losing their [[virginity]] on average more than a year later than average. This has been hypothesized as being attributed to the pheromones in their brothers' sweat and household-related errands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pincott |first=Jena E |date=March 20, 2011 |title=Do Brothers Stall Their Sisters' Sex Lives? |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230118011103/https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives |archive-date=18 Jan 2023 |website=Psychology Today}}</ref>

==Sororal relationships==
Various studies have shown that older sisters are likely to give a varied [[gender role]] to their younger siblings, as well as being more likely to develop a close bond with their younger siblings.<ref name="smith8888">Gender — Page 53, Leanne Franklin – 2012</ref> Older sisters are more likely to play with their younger siblings.<ref>Play from Birth to Twelve: Contexts, Perspectives, and Meanings, Doris Bergen 2015</ref> Younger siblings display more needy behavior when near their older sister<ref>Sisters and Brothers — Page 78, Judy Dunn – 1985</ref> and are more likely to be tolerant of an older sister's bad behavior.<ref>The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Volume 4, Charles B. Nemeroff, 2002 p 1524</ref> Boys with only one older sister are more likely to display stereotypically male behavior, and such [[masculine]] boys increased their masculine behavior with the more sisters they have.<ref>Gender Development — Page 300, Lynn S. Liben – 2009</ref> The reverse is true for young boys with several sisters, as they tend to be [[feminine]], however, they outgrow this by the time they approach [[pubescence]].<ref>Gender Development, Sheri A. Berenbaum, 2013</ref> Boys with older sisters were less likely to be delinquent or have [[emotional and behavioral disorders]].<ref>Advances in Child Development and Behavior, Volume 26, p 161, 1996</ref> A younger sister is less likely to be scolded by older siblings than a younger brother.<ref>He & she: how children develop their sex role identity, Wendy Schempp Matthews – 1979 p 162</ref> The most common recreational activity between older brother/younger sister pairs is art drawing.<ref name="smith8888"/> Some studies also found a correlation between having an older sister and constructive discussions about safe sexual practices.<ref>Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, Contextual Influences on Adolescent Development, Laurence Steinberg, PhD – 2009 p 61</ref> Some studies have shown that men without sisters are more likely to be ineffectual at courtship and romantic relationships.<ref>Leventhal, Gerald S. "Influence of brothers and sisters on sex-role behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 16.3 (1970): 452.</ref>

[[File:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Two Sisters (1901).jpg|thumb|right|''Two Sisters'' by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]]]]
[[File:Two sisters together in the evening.jpg|thumb|right|Two sisters spending the evening together near a pond in [[Bihar]], India in 2022]]

==See also==
*[[Brother]]
*[[Religious sister]]
*[[Sisterhood (disambiguation)]]
*[[Stepsibling]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Wiktionary-inline|sister}}

{{Family}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sisters| ]]
[[Category:Kinship and descent]]
[[Category:Terms for women]]

V. M. Salgaocar

2025-12-10T15:14:35Z

Sergdxx:

{{short description|Indian businessman (1916–1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vasudev Salgaocar
| image = V. M. Salgaocar.png
| caption =
| birth_name = Vasudev Mahadeva Salgaocar
| birth_date = 1916
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1984|1916}}
| death_place =
| citizenship = Indian
| education =
| occupation = Businessman
| known for = Founder of V. M. Salgaocar Group
| boards =
| spouse =
| children = 7, including [[Anil Salgaocar]]
| website =
}}

'''Vasudev Mahadeva Salgaocar''' (1916–1984) was an Indian businessman and the founder and chairman of the V. M. Salgaocar Group of Companies. The group was primarily involved in iron ore mining, but also engaged in [[coal mining]] and [[wind energy]].

==Career==
Salgaocar also founded the [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar Football Club]] in 1956, a professional [[association football|football]] club which has played in the [[I-League]], based in [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]], [[Goa]]. Since his death, the company was led by his two sons, Shivanand and Dattaraj Salgaocar, as joint managing directors until the split.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomas|first=P. Manoj|date=4 May 2018|title=Salgaocar family settles six-year feud|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/salgaocar-family-settles-six-year-feud/article23776860.ece|access-date=|work=The Hindu Business Line|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107001404/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/salgaocar-family-settles-six-year-feud/article23776860.ece|archive-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>

==Personal life==
His third son was businessman and politician [[Anil Salgaocar]] who died in 2016, at the age of 75, in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Mining-baron-Anil-Salgaocar-passes-away/97400.html|title=Herald: Mining baron Anil Salgaocar passes away|work=oHeraldo|access-date=8 April 2016|archive-date=18 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418153244/http://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Mining-baron-Anil-Salgaocar-passes-away/97400.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=6600|title=Goa News -Industrialist Anil Salgaoncar passes away|work=Goa News|access-date=8 April 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Salgaocar, Vasudev}}

[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Goa]]
[[Category:People from Vasco da Gama, Goa]]

Kamala Chakravarty

2025-12-10T10:09:31Z

Sergdxx: small improved article per standard format

{{Short description|Indian dancer, classical musician, and longterm partner of Ravi Shankar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
'''Kamala Chakravarty''' (born '''Saraswati Kamala Shastri''', 1928) is an [[Indian classical music]]ian and former dancer, known for her association with [[sitar]] maestro [[Ravi Shankar]]. From 1967 until the late 1970s, she accompanied Shankar, in the role of [[Tanpura (instrument)|tanpura]] player and singer, in a number of acclaimed performances, including the [[Monterey International Pop Festival]] (1967), his [[Human Rights Day]] duet with violinist [[Yehudi Menuhin]] (1967), [[the Concert for Bangladesh]] (1971) and the [[Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India|Music Festival from India]] (1974). She lived with Shankar as his "wife" from 1967 to 1981, while he was still married to musician and teacher [[Annapurna Devi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hard to say no to free love: Ravi Shankar|work=Press Trust of India|publisher=[[Rediff.com]]|date=13 May 2003|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/may/13ravi.htm|access-date=18 July 2009|archive-date=23 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023171327/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/may/13ravi.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

While in her teens, Chakravarty trained and performed with [[Uday Shankar]]'s dance company. She is the younger sister of noted [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] vocalist [[Lakshmi Shankar]]. She was married to Bombay film director [[Amiya Chakravarty (director)|Amiya Chakravarty]] from 1945 until Amiya's death in 1957.

==Biography==
===Early years and participation in Uday Shankar's dance company===
Kamala Chakravarty was born in Madras, south India, in 1928. Her father was R.V. Shastri, editor of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s reformist newspaper ''[[Harijan]]''.<ref name="Sengupta" /> Along with her elder sister, [[Lakshmi Shankar|Lakshmi Shastri]], she studied at dance pioneer [[Uday Shankar]]'s India Culture Centre,<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 91, 95, 105.</ref> an academy based at Almora, in the remote north Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>Sunil Kothari, [http://ignca.nic.in/ex_0054.htm "Exhibition – ''Celebrating Creativity: Life & Work of Uday Shankar''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214070557/http://ignca.nic.in/ex_0054.htm |date=14 December 2017 }}, [[IGNCA]] (retrieved 4 December 2013).</ref> Her teachers in the various classical dance traditions included Sankaran Namboodri (for [[Kathakali]]), Kandappan Pillai ([[Bharata Natyam]]) and Amobi Sinha ([[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]).<ref name="Raga Mala p 95">Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 95.</ref><ref>Massey, p. 223.</ref>

At Almora in 1941, Chakravarty attended the wedding of Lakshmi, then aged fifteen, to Uday's brother Rajendra, where she met the youngest of the Shankar brothers, the future [[sitar]] virtuoso [[Ravi Shankar]]. The latter recalls in his second autobiography, ''[[Raga Mala (book)|Raga Mala]]'' (1997), that Chakravarty was known as Saraswati Shastri at this time and only later began using Kamala as her first name.<ref name="Raga Mala p 105">Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 105.</ref>

===Bombay and marriage to Amiya Chakravarty===
The economic effects of [[World War II]] forced the academy's closure in 1944,<ref>Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', pp. 74–75, 86.</ref> after which Chakravarty moved to Calcutta and then joined her sister and brothers-in-law in [[Malad]], near Bombay.<ref name="Unheard Melody">Extract from Swapan Kumar Bondyopadhyay, [http://www.mid-day.com/smd/2005/may/109469.htm ''An Unheard Melody: Annapurna Devi''], [[Mid-Day|mid-day.com]], 15 May 2005 (retrieved 4 December 2013).</ref> There, Rajendra worked as a scriptwriter,<ref>''World Music: The Rough Guide'', p. 92.</ref><ref>Suresh Kohli, [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/patita-1953/article3607637.ece "Patita (1953)"], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 6 July 2012 (retrieved 4 December 2013).</ref> and Ravi tried to establish himself as a musician and composer.<ref>Lavezzoli, p. 54.</ref> In 2012, ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote of Ravi Shankar, his wife [[Annapurna Devi]] and the Shastri sisters as "more or less contemporaries with a burning interest in music and dance".<ref name="Sengupta">Ratnottama Sengupta, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131212080341/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-16/kolkata/35850368_1_pandit-ravi-shankar-music-and-dance-ragas "Pandit Ravi Shankar: Music was his universe, his love, his weakness"], ''[[The Times of India]]'', 16 December 2012 (retrieved 4 December 2013).</ref>

A physical attraction grew between Shankar and Chakravarty, causing his family to hastily arrange a marriage between her and Bombay film director [[Amiya Chakravarty (director)|Amiya Chakravarty]].<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 105–06.</ref> After the wedding in September 1945, Chakravarty's professional ambitions were sidelined, while Shankar relocated to [[Andheri]].<ref name="Unheard Melody" />

===International years with Ravi Shankar===
[[File:Ravi Shankar recording for Pather Panchali.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Chakravarty's longtime romantic partner [[Ravi Shankar]], pictured in Bombay during the recording of his score for the 1955 film ''[[Pather Panchali]]'']]
Following Amiya Chakravarty's death in 1957, Shankar and Chakravarty renewed their relationship.<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 157.</ref><ref name="bloomberg bio">David Wilson & Siddharth Philip, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-12/beatles-muse-ravi-shankar-father-of-norah-jones-dies.html "Beatles Muse Ravi Shankar, Father of Norah Jones, Dies"], [[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg.com]], 12 December 2012 (retrieved 8 December 2013).</ref> She helped run his [[Kinnara School of Music]] from 1963 onwards,<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 175.</ref> and after Shankar left Devi in 1967, they lived together until 1981, for much of the time in the United States.<ref name="Dasgupta Dutt & Walia">Priyanka Dasgupta, Purba Dutt & Nona Walia, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131212080357/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-18/man-woman/31051588_1_pandit-ravi-shankar-sitar-legend-panditji "Meet India's bohemian lovers"], ''[[The Times of India]]'', 18 February 2012 (retrieved 4 December 2013).</ref>

Chakravarty accompanied Shankar, on [[Tanpura (instrument)|tanpura]] or as a singer, on several of his recordings and international performances.<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 203, 220.</ref><ref>''In Celebration'', p. 29.</ref> These included his warmly received set with [[tabla]] player [[Alla Rakha]] at the [[Monterey International Pop Festival]], in June 1967,<ref>Sleeve credits, ''[[Live: Ravi Shankar at the Monterey International Pop Festival]]'' LP ([[World Pacific Records]], 1967).</ref><ref>''In Celebration'', pp. 28–29.</ref> the [[Live: Ravi Shankar at the Monterey International Pop Festival|live album from which]] remains Shankar's highest-charting work on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' pop albums chart.<ref>Phil Gallo, [http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1481439/ravi-shankars-impact-on-pop-music-an-appreciation "Ravi Shankar's Impact on Pop Music: An Appreciation"], [[Billboard (magazine)|billboard.com]], 12 December 2012 (retrieved 22 August 2015).</ref><ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ravi-shankar-mn0000404463/awards "Ravi Shankar: Awards"], [[AllMusic]] (retrieved 22 August 2015).</ref> In December that year, she and Rakha accompanied Shankar and American violinist [[Yehudi Menuhin]] during their [[Human Rights Day]] duet in New York,<ref>Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', p. 96.</ref><ref>Timothy White, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2wsEAAAAMBAJ&dq=United+Nations+Human+Right+Day+1967+Ravi+Shankar&pg=PA75 "Ravi Shankar: Gala 75th For The Godfather Of World Music ''(continued)''"], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 18 March 1995, p. 75 (retrieved 8 May 2018).</ref> which was the first recital of Indian classical music to be broadcast globally.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 7–8, 63.</ref> Chakravarty subsequently contributed to the recording of the same piece, "Raga Piloo", for Menuhin and Shankar's album ''[[West Meets East, Volume 2]]'' (1968).<ref name="album sleeve">[http://www.discogs.com/viewimages?release=2492539 Sleeve credits], ''[[West Meets East, Volume 2]]'' LP ([[Saregama|His Master's Voice]], 1968).</ref>

Also over 1967–68, she participated in filming for the ''[[Raga (film)|Raga]]'' documentary (1971), appearing in footage of Shankar's performances from the period<ref>Jeff Kaliss, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110710164704/http://eastmeetswestmusic.com/files/songlinesreview.jpg "Ravi Shankar ''Raga: A Film Journey into the Soul of India''"], ''[[Songlines (magazine)|Songlines]]'', 26 November 2010, p. 85 (archived version retrieved 10 July 2011).</ref> and as his companion in off-stage scenes filmed at the Monterey festival and (with Lakshmi) at the Los Angeles branch of his Kinnara School.<ref>''Raga: A Film Journey into the Soul of India'' DVD, [[East Meets West Music|East Meets West]]/[[Apple Films]], 2010 (produced and directed by Howard Worth; reissue produced by Shyama Priya & Cat Celebrezze).</ref> Among other Shankar albums, she plays tambura on ''[[In San Francisco]]'' (1967)<ref>[http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=2058600&style=music&fulldesc=T "Ravi Shankar – In San Francisco CD Album" > "Product Description"], CD Universe/[[Muze]] (retrieved 29 August 2015).</ref> and ''Transmigration Macabre'' (1973), a soundtrack recorded in 1968 with French [[Experimental music|experimental]] percussionists [[Les Structures Sonores]]<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 203, 324.</ref> for the art film ''Viola''.<ref>Richie Unterberger, [http://www.allmusic.com/album/transmigration-macabre-music-from-the-film-viola-mw0000608671 "Ravi Shankar ''Transmigration Macabre: Music from the Film Viola''"], [[AllMusic]] (retrieved 29 August 2015).</ref> Later in 1968, she, Lakshmi and [[Jitendra Abhisheki]] were the singers in Shankar's Festival from India ensemble,<ref>Sleeve credits, ''[[Ravi Shankar's Festival from India]]'' LP ([[World Pacific Records]], 1968).</ref> which recorded an [[Ravi Shankar's Festival from India|eponymous double album]] in Los Angeles before touring the United States.<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 203–04, 324.</ref>

In August 1971, Chakravarty accompanied Shankar, [[sarod]] master [[Ali Akbar Khan]] and Rakha at [[the Concert for Bangladesh]], held at New York's [[Madison Square Garden]].<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 190–91.</ref> The success of the resulting [[The Concert for Bangladesh (album)|live album]] and [[The Concert for Bangladesh (film)|concert film]] gained Indian music its largest audience up to that point.<ref>Lavezzoli, p. 194.</ref> Although she provided a minor role in the performance, as the tambura player,<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 265–66.</ref> [[George Harrison]]'s introduction of Chakravarty to the New York audience ensured that her name became linked to the event.<ref name="Pidgeon/NME">John Pidgeon, "''Bangla Desh''", ''[[NME]]'', 15 July 1972, p. 24; available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/article.html?ArticleID=12260 Rock's Backpages] (subscription required; retrieved 5 December 2013).</ref>

In 1973, Chakravarty was among the chorus singers at the Los Angeles sessions for Shankar's genre-fusing album ''[[Shankar Family & Friends]]'' (1974).<ref>Leng, p. 138.</ref> The album was produced by Harrison and featured Lakshmi as lead vocalist and [[Shubhendra Shankar|Shubho Shankar]] (Shankar's son by Devi) on sitar.<ref>Castleman & Podrazik, pp. 139, 205–06.</ref><ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 52–53, 195.</ref> In 1974, Chakravarty, Lakshmi and the latter's daughter<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 224.</ref> [[Viji Shankar|Viji]] performed in Europe as part of [[Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India]],<ref>''Collaborations'', pp. 44–50.</ref> the first Indian orchestra to play in Europe.<ref>Leng, p. 148.</ref> Her contributions, on tambura and as a backing singer, also appeared on the Music Festival's studio album,<ref name="Music Festival album sleeve">Album credits, ''[[Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India]]'' LP ([[Dark Horse Records]], 1976; produced by George Harrison).</ref><ref>''In Celebration'', pp. 39, 46.</ref> recorded in England at Harrison's [[Friar Park]] and released in 1976.<ref>''Collaborations'', p. 15.</ref> That same year, Chakravarty participated in the recording of the third volume of Shankar and Menuhin's West Meets East series, issued in 1977.<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 184, 324.</ref> The album included "Morning Love", featuring Shankar and French flautist [[Jean-Pierre Rampal]] backed by Rakha and Chakravarty<ref>''In Celebration'', p. 44.</ref> – a piece that Shankar later named as a favourite among his various collaborative works.<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 184–84.</ref>

===Subsequent relationship with the Shankar family===
By the time that Annapoorna finally granted Shankar a divorce in 1982, he and Chakravarty had split up.<ref name="bloomberg bio" /> Having nursed Uday in the weeks before his death in September 1977 and similarly cared for Shubho after the latter had attempted suicide in 1970, she remained a close friend of the musician's [[Template:Shankar family|extended family]].<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 232, 260, 269.</ref> According to Shankar in ''Raga Mala'', Chakravarty accepted and was welcoming towards his second wife, Sukanya, and their daughter, [[Anoushka Shankar|Anoushka]].<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 269.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* Harry Castleman & Walter J. Podrazik, ''All Together Now: The First Complete Beatles Discography 1961–1975'', Ballantine Books (New York, NY, 1976; {{ISBN|0-345-25680-8}}).
* ''Collaborations'', book accompanying ''[[Collaborations (Ravi Shankar and George Harrison album)|Ravi Shankar–George Harrison Collaborations]]'' box set (Dark Horse Records, 2010; produced by Olivia Harrison; package design by Drew Lorimer & Olivia Harrison).
* ''In Celebration'', booklet accompanying ''[[Ravi Shankar: In Celebration]]'' box set (Angel/Dark Horse, 1995; produced by George Harrison & Alan Kozlowski; package design by Rick Ward/The Team Design Consultants).
* Peter Lavezzoli, ''The Dawn of Indian Music in the West'', Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|0-8264-2819-3}}).
* Simon Leng, ''While My Guitar Gently Weeps: The Music of George Harrison'', Hal Leonard (Milwaukee, WI, 2006; {{ISBN|1-4234-0609-5}}).
* Reginald Massey, ''India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire'', Abhinav Publications (New Delhi, NCT, 2004; {{ISBN|81-7017-434-1}}).
* Ravi Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', Mandala Publishing (San Rafael, CA, 2007; {{ISBN|978-1-60109-005-8}}).
* Ravi Shankar, ''Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar'', Welcome Rain (New York, NY, 1999; {{ISBN|1-56649-104-5}}).
* ''World Music: The Rough Guide (Volume 2: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific)'', Rough Guides/Penguin (London, 2000; {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}}).
{{refend}}

{{Ravi Shankar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakravarty, Kamala}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Shankar family]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Film/Indian cinema task force/Tamil cinema recognised content

2025-12-10T00:14:19Z

Sergdxx:

{{Navbox
| name =
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| above =
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| group1 = Good articles {{Icon|GA}}
| list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup
| group1 = Films
| list1 = # ''[[16 Vayathinile]]''
# ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (2010 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'' (2010)
# ''[[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)|Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum]]'' (1956)
# ''[[Anbe Vaa (1966 film)|Anbe Vaa]]''
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# ''[[Nenjil Or Aalayam]]''
# ''[[Paava Mannippu]]''
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# ''[[Veera (1994 film)|Veera]]'' (1994)
# ''[[Veerapandiya Kattabomman (film)|Veerapandiya Kattabomman]]''
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| group2= Personalities
| list2= # [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]]
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| group2 = Featured articles {{Icon|FA}}
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| list1 = # ''[[Anbe Sivam]]''
# ''[[Andha Naal]]''
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}}

| group3 = Featured lists {{Icon|FL}}
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# [[List of accolades received by Baahubali: The Beginning|''Baahubali: The Beginning'']]
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# [[List of accolades received by Paradesi (2013 film)|''Paradesi'']] (2013)
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| group2= Filmographies
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# [[Rajinikanth filmography|Rajinikanth]]
# [[Shriya Saran filmography|Shriya Saran]]
# [[Shruti Haasan filmography|Shruti Haasan]]
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}}

}}

[[Category:WikiProject Tamil Nadu]]
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16th Mumbai International Film Festival

2025-11-24T02:47:55Z

Sergdxx: stub

{{Short description|International film festival in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Film Festival
| name = 16th Mumbai International Film Festival
| image = 16th Edition of MIFF.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| number = 729 National and 144 International from 24 countries
| date = Opening: {{Start date|2020|1|28|df=y}} Closing: {{End date|2020|2|3|df=y}}
| founded = 1990
| host = [[Films Division of India]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], Government of India
| last =
| location = Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]], India
| language = International
| website = {{URL|miff.in}}
| main = [[Mumbai International Film Festival]]
| previous = [[15th edition of MIFF|15th]]
| next = [[17th Mumbai International Film Festival|17th]]
}}

The '''16th Mumbai International Film Festival''' ([[Mumbai International Film Festival]]) was held from 28 January to 3 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mumbai International Film Festival|url=https://miff.in/|access-date=2020-07-03|website=miff.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=16th Mumbai International Film Festival (MIFF-2020) inaugurated {{!}} DD News|url=http://ddnews.gov.in/entertainment/16th-mumbai-international-film-festival-miff-2020-inaugurated|access-date=2020-07-03|website=DD News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=16th Mumbai International Film Festival witnesses a record 729 entries in National and 144 in International competition from 24 countries|url=https://orissadiary.com/16th-mumbai-international-film-festival-witnesses-a-record-729-entries-in-national-and-144-in-international-competition-from-24-countries/|access-date= 13 March 2022|website=Orissa Diary}}</ref>

The list included various kind of Documentaries, short fiction and animation films.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arora|first=Sumit|title=16th Mumbai International Film Festival begins|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/16th-mumbai-international-film-festival-begins/|access-date=2020-07-03|language=en-US}}</ref> The festival also celebrated the birth centenary of [[Satyajit Ray]] by showcasing documentaries made by him including short film ''[[Pikoo]]'' (1980), ''[[Sukumar Ray (film)|Sukumar Ray]]'' (1987) and ''[[The Inner Eye]]'' (1972). In addition the festival showcased ''Satyajit Ray, Filmmaker'' (1982), directed by [[Shyam Benegal]], and Sagnik Chatterjee’s documentary ''[[Feluda: 50 Years of Ray's Detective]]'' (2019), which focuses on Ray’s popular Feluda stories.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-international-film-festival-festival-to-celebrate-birth-centenary-of-satyajit-ray-6234167/ |title= Mumbai International Film Festival: Festival to celebrate birth centenary of Satyajit Ray|work=Indian Express|date=January 25, 2020|access-date=March 13, 2022|language=en}}</ref>

== Jury ==
The Jury panel for MIFF 2020 included:
* [[Shaji N. Karun|Shaji N Karun]], Indian film director and cinematographer
* [[Robert Cohen (playwright)|Robert Cahen]], American university professor, theatre director, playwright, and drama critic
* Hama Haruka, Indian film producer
* [[Amrit Gangar]], Indian film scholar, historian, critic, curator and writer
* Rehina Pareira, producer, writer
* [[Thomas Waugh]], Canadian critic, lecturer, author, actor and activist
* [[Apurba Kishore Bir|A. K. Bir]], Indian film cinematographer, screenwriter and director
* [[Utpal Borpujari]], Indian National Film Award winner as a film critic, and as a filmmaker
* Pencho Kunchev, Bulgarian art director, director (Animation Department)
* [[Kireet Khurana]], Indian filmmaker, storyteller, and ad-film director

== Selection ==
{{Small|Source:}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catalogue MIFF 2020 {{!}} Mumbai International Film Festival|url=https://miff.in/competition/catalogue-2020/|access-date=2020-07-03|website=miff.in}}</ref>

=== International Competition ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!Director
!Country
!Duration
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#FF4966"|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|-
|Daughters of Scheherazade
|Ranjini Krishnan
|[[India]]
|19min
|-
|''Karbala Katha''
|Sourav Sarangi
|India
|40min
|-
|Moti Bagh
|Nirmal Chander
|India
|59min
|-
|My Home India
|Anjali Bhushan
|India
|45min
|-
|Pariah Dog
|Jesse Alk
|[[United States|USA]]
|77min
|-
|Swimming through the Darkness
|Supriyo Sen
|India
|76min
|-
|The Outside In
|Hansa Thapliyal
|India
|26min
|-
|Babenco: Tell Me When I Die
|Barbara Paz
|[[Brazil]]
|75min
|-
|Blue Breath
|Rodrigo Areias
|[[Portugal]]
|78min
|-
|Echo from the Pukpui Skies
|Joshy Joseph
|India
|28min
|-
|Fiancees
|Julia Banter
|[[Switzerland]]
|80min
|-
|Glow Worm in a Jungle
|Ramana Dumpala
|India
|12min
|-
|Hasina: A Daughter's Tale
|Piplu Khan
|[[Bangladesh]]
|72min
|-
|Moving Sand
|Floros Floridis Jeanine, Meerapfel
|[[Germany]]
|47 min
|-
|Omarska
|Varun Sasindran
|[[France]]
|19min
|-
|Shot Awake: The Making of Changlangshu's New Logdrum
|Anungla Zoe Longkumer
|India
|26min
|-
|The Secret Life of Frogs
|Ajay Bedi & Vijay Bedi
|India
|54min
|-
|Voice of Siang
|Joor Baruah
|India
|57min
|-
|Wars Don't End
|Dheeraj Akolka
|[[Norway]]
|64min
|-
|And What is the Summer Saying?
|Payal Kapadia
|India
|20min
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#FF4966"| [[Animated documentary|Animated Documentary]]
|-
|A Minor Genocide
|Natalia Koryncka-Gruz
|[[Poland]]
|72min
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#EF4966"| [[Short story|Short Fiction]]
|-
|From Durban to Tomorrow
|[[Dylan Mohan Gray]]
|India
|40min
|-
|An Essay of Rain
|[[Nagraj Manjule]]
|India
|26min
|-
|Brishti
|Debashish Ghoshal
|India
|20min
|-
|In the Month of Love
|Shashank Walia
|India
|31min
|-
|Wig
|Atanu Mukherjee
|India
|26min
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#DE4969"|[[Animation]]
|-
|Portrait of Suzanne
|Izabela Plucinska
|[[Germany]]
|15min
|-
|The Fox of the Palmgrove
|Divakar S.K.
|India
|9min
|}

=== National Competition ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Genre
!Title
!Director
!Language
!Duration
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Dwelling in Travelling''
|Subha Das Mollick
|[[English language|English]]
|69min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Ladakh Chale Rikshawala''
|Indrani Chakraborty
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|26min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Sindhustan''
|[[Sapna Bhavnani]]
|[[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
|64min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''The Motherland''
|Shibu Prusty
|[[English language|English]], [[Odia language|Odia]]
|61min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''At the Altar of India's Freedom - INA Veterans of Malaysia''
|Choodie Shivaram
|[[English language|English]]
|30min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documenrary]]
|''Atasi''
|Putul Mahmood
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|52min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Before it Vanishes''
|Biju Pankaj
|[[Malayalam]]
|21min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Elephants Do Remember''
|Swati Pandey, Viplove Rai Bhatia, Manohar Singh Bisht
|[[English language|English]]
|37min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''[[Son Rise]]''
|[[Vibha Bakshi]]
|[[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
|49min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''The 14th February & Beyond''
|Utpal Kalal
|[[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
|58min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''The Krishna Cosmic Circle of Life:''
|Maya Chandra
|[[English language|English]]
|25min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Koothu''
|Sandhya Kumar
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|52min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''The Stork Saviours''
|[[Vijay Bedi]], Ajay Bedi
|[[English language|English]]
|26min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Waste Band''
|Supriyo Sen
|[[English language|English]]
|54min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Aru Jan Boli''
|Swadesh Kumar Pathak, Mukesh Sharma
|[[Hindi]]
|35min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''The Wounded Souls of the Rann''
|Dinesh Lakhanpal
|[[English language|English]]
|55min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''The Monks Who Won the Grammys''
|[[Aparna Sanyal]]
|[[English language|English]]
|53min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|''Idiom of Rug''
|Dip Bhuyan
|[[Hindi]]
|52min
|-
|Films on Climate Change
|''Babbling Rivers - A Gift of Human Labour, Love and Passion''
|Kailash Bhutani
|[[Hindi]]
|15min
|-
|Films on Climate Change
|''The Wetland's Wail''
|Aravind M.
|[[English language|English]]
|4min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''3 Star Split''
|Shib Ram Sharma
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|15min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Aasiya''
|Mayaram
|[[Silent film|Silent]]
|26min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Baitullah''
|Jitendra Rai
|[[Hindi]]
|6.4min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Bholi''
|Amitabh S Verma
|[[Hindi]]
|13min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Chaukhat (Door Frames)''
|Bibhanshu Rai
|[[Bhojpuri language|Bhoojpuri]]
|31min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Dreams''
|Athithya Kanagarajan
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|10min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Dying Wind In Her Hair''
|Shazia Iqbal
|[[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
|20min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Chaar Pandrah''
|Saif Baidya
|[[Hindi]]
|22min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Friends Forever''
|Navjot Bains
|[[Hindi]]
|10min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Shevanti''
|Nilesh Kunjir
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|8.3min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Adi Sonal''
|Heena D'Souza
|[[Hindi]]
|29min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Naked Wall''
|Anant Dass Sahni
|[[Hindi]]
|29min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Mayyat''
|Suyash Shinde
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|26min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Posharini''
|Sreecheta Da
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|27min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Knock Knock''
|Subash Sahoo
|[[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
|25min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Bishad Bindu''
|Samrat Chakraborty
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|23min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Grandfather''
|Umashankar Nair, Gaiti Siddiqui
|[[Nepali language|Nepalese]]
|10min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Haze''
|Nainisha Dedhia
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
|19min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Lacchavva''
|Jai Shankar
|[[Kannada]]
|26min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''Plus Minus''
|Jyoti Kapur Das
|[[Hindi]]
|18min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|''A Turn''
|Kaushikkumar Kiranbhai G
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|13min
|-
|[[Animation]]
|''Amrita''
|Swati Agarwal
|[[English language|English]]
|6min
|-
|[[Animation]]
|''Bully''
|Aroop Dwivedi
|[[Hindi]]
|6min
|-
|[[Animation]]
|''Koodedaan (Dustbin)''
|Danish Kelkar
|[[Silent film|Silent]]
|2.2min
|-
|[[Animation]]
|''Chakki''
|Jyotsna Puthran
|[[Silent film|Silent]]
|6min
|-
|[[Animation]]
|''Please''
|Naveen Kiran Boktapa
|[[English language|English]]
|3.6min
|-
|[[Animation]]
|''Now Your Home?''
|Prasad Pandurang Mahekar
|[[Silent film|Silent]]
|2min
|}

=== International Prism ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Genre
!Title
!Director
!Country
!Duration
|-
| colspan="5" |'''International Prism'''
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|A Dying Wish
|Shubhra Dixit
|[[India]]
|14min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|Education on the Boat - A new hope for tomorrow
|KM Taj Biul Hasan
|[[Bangladesh]]
|19min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|The Black Mother
|Pawan Bargaje
|[[India]]
|27min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|The Other Men In Blue
|Tathagat Prakash & Navagat Prakash
|[[India]]
|29min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|Wings of Desire
|Pratibha Kaur Pasricha
|[[India]]
|59min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|Warli Art: Endangered Heritage
|Hemant Verma
|[[India]]
|33min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|Saalumarada Thimmaka: The Green Crusader
|P.Rajendran
|[[India]]
|43min
|-
| colspan="5" |'''National Prism'''
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|Albelo Jaipur
|Chandan Singh Shekhawa
|[[India]]
|4.4min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|Bhaskar Calling
|Sanjiv Kishinchandani
|[[India]]
|24min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|Camellia
|[[Sreelekha Mukherji]]
|[[India]]
|17min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|Children Of the Soil
|Ranadeep Bhattacharyya & Judhajit Bagchi
|[[India]]
|4min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|Gurez
|Shruti Anindita Varma, Amitabh S Verma
|[[India]]
|8min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|Look at the Sky
|Ashok Veilou
|[[India]]
|30min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|Nine Plus One Is Equal To One
|Rahul Yadav
|[[India]]
|18min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|Sankalp
|Mukesh Chandra
|[[India]]
|5min
|-
|[[Short fiction|Short Fiction]]
|Summer Rhapsody
|Shravan Katikaneni
|[[India]]
|20min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|Festival of Pagodas
|Madhu Eravankara
|[[India]]
|55min
|-
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|The Geshema is Born
|Malati Rao
|Tibetian
|56min
|}

=== Masterclass ===
16th edition of MIFF screened masterclasses by [[Michaël Dudok de Wit]], Pencho Kunchev, [[Thomas Waugh]], [[Mazhar Kamran]], Ramesh Tekwani, Munjal Shroff, Chetan Sharma, etc.

== Awards ==

===National Competition===
'''Best Animation Film :''' '''''MIXI''''' (Jyotsna Puthran)

'''Best Short Fiction Film (up to 45mins.):''' '''''Bebaak: Dying wind in her hair''''' (Shazia Iqbal); '''''Lacchavva''''' (Jai Shankar) - ''Special Mention''

'''Best Documentary film (below 60 minutes) : ''Atasi''''' (Putul Mahmoodl); '''''Son-Rise''''' (Vibha Bakshi) - ''Special Mention''

'''Best Documentary Film (above 60 minutes) : Sindhustan ('''Sapna Bhavnani)

Best Sound Design : Pariah Dog

Best Editing Film : The Saleswoman; Fiancees

Best Cinematography: Bebaak : Dying wind in her hair

'''Best Actor''' : Ritvik Sahore (To Remember Me By)

=== International Competition ===
'''Best Animation Film : ''Portrait of Suzanne''''' (Izabela Plucinska); '''''The Fox of the Palmgrove''''' (Divakar SK)

'''Best Short Fiction Film (up to 45 mins.) : ''An Essay of Rain''''' (Nagraj Manjule)

'''Best Documentary Film of the Festival (Golden Conch) : ''Babenco: Tell Me When I Die''''' (Barbara Paz)

'''Pramod Pati Special Jury Award (For Most Innovative / Experimental Film) (For Director only) : ''And What is the Summer Saying''''' (Payal Kapadia), '''''Echo From The Pukpui Skies''''' (Joshy Joseph)

IDPA Award for Best Student Film : '''Naked Wall''' (Anant Dass Sahni)

Dadasaheb Phalke Chitranagari Award for Best Debut Film of a Director (Govt of Maharashtra) : '''Grandfather''' (Umashankar Nair)

Special Award for Best Short film on Water conservatio & Climate Change (up to 15 mins.)(For Indian filmmakers only) : '''The Wetland's Wail''' (Aravind M)

'''Lifetime Achievement Award'''

* Dr. V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award: [[S. Krishnaswamy]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/documentary-maker-gets-shantaram-award/article30707083.ece |title= Documentary maker gets Shantaram Award|work=The Hindu|date=February 1, 2020|access-date=March 13, 2022|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Official website|https://miff.in/}}

[[Category:Indian film festivals]]
[[Category:January 2020 in India]]
[[Category:February 2020 in India]]

Anuppatti

2025-11-10T21:14:45Z

Sergdxx: new

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anuppatti
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India (Kongunadu Region)
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type4 = Metropolitan
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tirupur district|Tirupur]]
| subdivision_name4 = Coimbatore
| established_title = 
| established_date = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/CCTNSNICSDC/wicket/page?3|title=Tamil Nadu Police, Govt of Tamil Nadu, India}}</ref>
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Village
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 9,221
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 641658
| area_code = +91-04255
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TN-39
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi Language|Hindi]]
}}

'''Anuppattii Gram Panchayat''' is a panchayat, which is located in [[Kamanaicken Palayam]] Taluk in [[Tiruppur district]] in the southern part of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The panchayat falls under the [[Palladam]] Assembly constituency and the [[Coimbatore]] Lok Sabha constituency. The panchayat has a total of 7 panchayat constituencies. Out of these, 7 panchayat members are elected. According to the 2011 Census of India, the total population is 9,221. Of these, 4475 are females and 4746 are males.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://weather.com/weather/today/l/Sulur+Tamil+Nadu+India|title=Anuppatti, Tamil Nadu, India Weather Forecast and Conditions - The Weather Channel | Weather.com|website=The Weather Channel}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Villages in Tiruppur district]]

{{TamilNadu-stub}}

Hridaya Jain

2025-11-09T12:13:10Z

Sergdxx: Added A Info Needs Work

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 2005)}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Hridaya Jain
| image =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|12|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Karnataka]], India
| height =
| position = [[Midfielder]], [[Forward (association football)|forward]]
| currentclub = [[NK Brinje Grosuplje]]
| clubnumber = 18
| years1 = {{0|0000}}–2024
| clubs1 = [[Techtro Swades United FC]]
| years2 = 2024
| clubs2 = → [[FC Bengaluru United]] (loan)
| years3 = 2024–2025
| clubs3 = [[Delhi FC]]
| caps3 = 21
| goals3 = 4
| years4 = 2025–
| clubs4 = [[NK Brinje Grosuplje]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| club-update = 2 November 2025
}}
'''Hridaya Jain''' (born 19 December 2005) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[midfielder]] or [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[NK Brinje Grosuplje]].

==Early life==
Jain was born on 19 December 2005. Born in [[Karnataka]], India, he is a native of the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/hridaya-jain-slovenia-transfer-nk-brinje-grosuplje-i-league-delhi-fc-ranjit-bajaj-2776622-2025-08-25|title=Who is Hridaya Jain? Karnataka boy who signed for Slovenia's 2nd division club|trans-title=|language=en|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=25 August 2025|access-date=9 November 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
Jain started his career with Indian side [[Techtro Swades United FC]]. Subsequently, he was sent on loan to Indian side [[FC Bengaluru United]]. Ahead of the [[2024–25 I-League|2024–25 season]], he signed for Indian side [[Delhi FC]], where he made twenty-one league appearances and scored four goals.

Following his stint there, he signed for Slovenian side [[NK Brinje Grosuplje]] during the summer of 2025.<ref>{{WorldFootball.net|hridaya-jain}}</ref>

==Style of play==
Jain plays as a [[midfielder]] or [[Forward (association football)|forward]]. Indian news website ''Khel Now'' wrote in 2025 that he "is a versatile talent who can play anywhere in the attack... impressed... with his ability to take on defenders, create chances, deceive compact defenses, and convert some of those chances with finesse".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-hridaya-jain-nk-brinje-grosuplje-202508|title=From I-League to Europe: 19-year-old Hridaya Jain signs with Slovenian second division side|trans-title=|language=en|publisher=Khel Now|date=26 August 2025|access-date=9 November 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{WorldFootball.net|hridaya-jain}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Hridaya}}
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Delhi FC players]]
[[Category:FC Bengaluru United players]]
[[Category:NK Brinje Grosuplje players]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Italy]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia]]

2010 Mirchpur caste violence

2025-09-09T10:01:22Z

Sergdxx: details

{{short description|Anti-Dalit violence in Haryana, India}}

{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = 2010 Mirchpur caste violence
| subtitle =
| partof =
| image =
| caption =
| date = April 21, 2010
| place = [[Mirchpur]], [[Haryana]]
| coordinates =
| causes = Caste tensions
| goals =
| methods = [[Arson]], [[Rioting]], [[Murder]]
| status =
| result =
| side1 =
| side2 =
| side3 =
| side4 =
| leadfigures1 =
| leadfigures2 =
| leadfigures3 =
| leadfigures4 =
| howmany1 =
| howmany2 =
| howmany3 =
| howmany4 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| casualties4 =
| fatalities = 2 Dalits burnt alive
| injuries = 51 Dalits
| arrests = 103
| damage =
| buildings = 18 Dalit houses burnt down
| detentions =
| charged = 33
| fined =
| effect =
| effect_label =
| casualties_label =
| notes =
| sidebox =
}}
The '''Mirchpur caste violence''' also known as the '''Mirchpur Dalit killings'''<ref name="thewire.in">{{Cite web|title=Mirchpur Dalit Killings: Delhi HC Dismisses Appeal of 15, Convicts Another 20|url=https://thewire.in/caste/mirchpur-dalit-killings-delhi-hc-dismisses-appeal-of-15-convicts-another-20|access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Wire}}</ref> was an incident of violence against the [[Balmiki]] Dalits by upper caste [[Jat people|Jat]] villagers in the village of [[Mirchpur]], [[Haryana]] on April 21, 2010. A 70-year-old man and his [[polio]] affected disabled daughter of 17 years old were burnt alive when a mob of 300 to 1000 Jat villagers set fire to houses in the Balmiki colony where 18 houses were burnt down. 258 Dalit families fled the village over a span of the next eight years.

The problems started after a dog barked at a group of Jat youth while they were passing by a Balmiki colony. One of the Jat youth hurled a brick at the dog, only to be objected by a young Dalit which turned into an altercation between both parties. The Jat threatened all Balmikis with dire consequences. The Balmiki Dalits went to Jats of the village to douse the issue but they too were beaten badly.

In August 2018, the High court convicted 33 people for the violence and sentenced 12 to life imprisonment.

== Background ==
=== Dog barking incident ===
On April 19, 2010, a dog belonging to one of the [[Balmiki]] Dalit villagers started barking at a group of Jat youths who were returning to the village.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dog's bark triggered Mirchpur Dalits killing incident |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/dogs-bark-triggered-mirchpur-dalits-killing-incident/1369817 |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> One of the youth took offense at the dog's barking and threw a brick at the pet dog. The Dalits were threatened with dire consequences by the Jats when the owner of the dog and his nephew came out and protested. An altercation broke out that was somehow solved by the villagers and the youth left. The Jat community members then demanded the dog owner to apologize in order to prevent any problems. When he arrived at the home of one of the Jat with his neighbor to make peace, they were badly beaten. One of them was seriously wounded and admitted to a hospital.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title=Dog's bark triggered Mirchpur Dalits killing incident {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/dogs-bark-triggered-mirchpur-dalits-killing-incident/articleshow/65536703.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915082742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/dogs-bark-triggered-mirchpur-dalits-killing-incident/articleshow/65536703.cms |archive-date=2018-09-15 |access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Times of India|date=25 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Soibam Rocky|date=2018-08-25|title=32 persons convicted in Mirchpur caste violence case |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/32-persons-convicted-in-mirchpur-caste-violence-case/article24775520.ece |access-date=2020-10-29|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 Aug 2018 |title=Mirchpur murders: HC convicts 33, says no let-up in atrocities on Dalits |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-gurugram/20180825/page/3/textview |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=Hindustan Times |via=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-24|title=Dog's barking triggered Mirchpur Dalit killings, reveals 209-page verdict|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-dog-s-barking-triggered-mirchpur-dalit-killings-reveals-209-page-verdict-2654240|access-date=2020-10-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> In the [[First information report|First Information Report]] (FIR) No 166 registered at [[Narnaund]] police department, the dog was constantly referred to as a bitch.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2010-04-29|title=Mirchpur: A Dog Story|url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/india/mirchpur-a-dog-story/ |access-date=2020-10-29|website=Open The Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Tensions ===
A sizable number of young people from the Jat community assembled in the village the very next day on April 20, giving rise to fear of an impending violence among the members of the Dalit community.<ref name=":0" /> On the morning of April 21, while traveling near the village, one of the suspects reportedly threatened some of the Dalit young people with the burning down of their homes, leading to another heated argument between both the sides.<ref name=":0" />

== Attacks ==
April 21, a large mob of Jats, armed with lathis, stones, petrol and oil cans, arrived in the village and began pelting rocks at the Dalit villagers. There were originally 100 to 150 members of the Jat community, but this figure went up to 300 to 400 members later. Other reports also put the figure to 1000.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Delhi High Court rejects appeals of 15 convicted for caste violence in Haryana's Mirchpur in 2010|url=https://scroll.in/latest/891697/delhi-high-court-rejects-appeals-of-15-convicted-for-caste-violence-in-haryanas-mirchpur-in-2010|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Scroll.in|date=24 August 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> The outnumbered Dalits retaliated by throwing bricks, stones and whatever they can lay their hands on. One of the Jat, in the meantime, went to the village and reportedly asked all the men in the Dalit community to gather at a spot. When the men were gone, the Jats set their houses ablaze.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Dey|first=Abhishek|title=In Mirchpur, murderous caste violence returns to haunt a Haryana village after seven years|url=https://scroll.in/article/828484/in-mirchpur-murderous-caste-violence-returns-to-haunt-a-haryana-village-after-seven-years|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Scroll.in|date=4 February 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

The Dalit men fled towards their homes after hearing the screams of female family members and saw the Jat mob burning their houses, including that of Tara Chand's, a 70-year-old Dalit man.<ref name="thewire.in"/> He was rushed to a local hospital where he succumbed while treatment and his 17 year old polio affected disabled daughter was burnt alive in the house.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma|first=Poonam|date=24 August 2018|title=20 get life term for burning 2 Dalits alive in Haryana's Mirchpur in 2010 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/20-get-life-term-for-burning-2-dalits-alive-in-haryana-s-mirchpur-in-2010-1322210-2018-08-24 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824091008/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/20-get-life-term-for-burning-2-dalits-alive-in-haryana-s-mirchpur-in-2010-1322210-2018-08-24 |archive-date=2018-08-24 |access-date=2020-10-29|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-25|title=Mirchpur Dalit killing: Delhi HC sentences 12 members of dominant Jat community to life imprisonment; 21 others get varying jail terms |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/mirchpur-dalit-killing-delhi-hc-sentences-12-members-of-dominant-jat-community-to-life-imprisonment-21-others-get-varying-jail-terms-5041551.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Firstpost}}</ref> 51 people belonging to the Balmiki group were wounded in the attack and 18 of their houses were burnt down in the Balmiki colony.<ref name=":3" /> Large-scale rioting and theft of property also took place during the violence.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Aftermath ==
Around 150 victims escaped to Delhi and took refuge at the Balmiki temple near Connaught after the incident.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110925/main1.htm|access-date=2020-10-29 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> Nearly a dozen Dalit families fled the village during 15 days of January 2011 due to fear of attacks by the Jats.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-01-27|title=Dalits leave village fearing Jat threat|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/dalits-leave-village-fearing-jat-threat/story-IxiX7HgfrkVea9cwAzZvyH.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Nearly 254 families fled out of the village during the span of eight years after the violence, till 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Haryana to rehabilitate 254 Mirchpur Dalit families {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-to-rehabilitate-254-mirchpur-dalit-families/articleshow/63634504.cms|access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Times of India|date=6 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=8 years on, 254 Mirchpur Dalit families to be rehabilitated|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryana/8-years-on-254-mirchpur-dalit-families-to-be-rehabilitated-569174|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

== Court verdicts ==
The [[Haryana Police|police of Haryana]] arrested 103 accused in August 2010 after orders from the supreme court. On January 9, 2011, 98 of the accused were transferred to [[Tihar Jail]] from Hisar Jail. On January 15, some members of the Jat community protested to start a fresh probe. The court ordered the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) to take over the case on January 20, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-04|title=Mirchpur violence: No convict surrenders, Delhi HC orders cops to arrest all 9 by September 5 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mirchpur-violence-no-convict-surrenders-delhi-hc-orders-cops-to-arrest-all-9-by-september-5/story-FFx2P6z6Ofyf7kyCyVx2EI.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arrest Hisar accused by Sept 10: SC to Haryana - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/arrest-hisar-accused-by-sept-10-sc-to-haryana/672993/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

On 10 March 2011, the Trial court ordered charges against 97 individuals. On September 24, 2011, the Trial court acquitted 82 people and 15 individuals were convicted, but no one was found guilty of murder. Three have been accused of a guilty homicide which does not amount to murder with a maximum imprisonment of 10 years and five were jailed for five years, and seven were released on probation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186675.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326205237/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186675.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-26 |access-date=|website=United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor}}</ref><ref name=":4"/>

On October 31, 2011, three convicts were sentenced to life, five were given five years in prison with a fine of Rs 20,000 for each, and the other seven were placed on probation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mirchpur dalit killings: Three given life imprisonment |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mirchpur-dalit-killings-three-given-life-imprisonment-569947|access-date=2020-10-29 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-10-31|title=3 gets life sentence in Mirchpur case |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/3-gets-life-sentence-in-mirchpur-case/story-UHiP3y2Nc6n8yZYGT7hCdL.html|access-date=2020-10-29 |website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> On October 6, 2012, the trial court acquitted one convict from all charges who had previously absconded.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chronology of 2010 Haryana Dalit killing |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/aug/24/chronology-of-2010-haryana-dalit-killing-1862178.html|access-date=2020-10-29 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

The High Court upheld the conviction and imprisonment of 13 convicts and reversed the acquittal of 20 persons who were previously acquitted and convicted them on August 24, 2018.<ref name=":4" />

In August 2018, the court sentenced 12 out of the 33 convicted to life imprisonment. The court also found that people of the Jat community intentionally targeted houses of people of the Balmiki community, and the principal objective in the case was to "teach a lesson to people of the Balmiki community, and this was entirely accomplished by the accused individuals."<ref>{{Cite web|title=20 Men Acquitted Earlier Declared Guilty In 2010 Haryana Dalit Killings|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/20-men-acquitted-earlier-declared-guilty-in-2010-mirchpur-dalit-killings-1905621|access-date=2020-10-29|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirchpur caste violence: Delhi High Court orders Haryana Police to arrest accused by September 5|url=https://scroll.in/latest/893111/mirchpur-caste-violence-delhi-high-court-orders-haryana-police-to-arrest-accused-by-september-5|access-date=2020-10-29 |website=Scroll.in|date=4 September 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-24|title=Mirchpur Dalit killings: Delhi high court convicts 33, sentences 12 to life terms|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mirchpur-dalit-killings-delhi-high-court-overturns-acquittal-of-20-accused/story-mQ8YmRRfIrIDMVLxqECJTK.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Continued tensions ==
In February 2017, a clash erupted out among a group of Dalits and a group of upper-caste men in Mirchpur where 9 Dalit youths, aged between 14 and 25, were badly injured. The attack occurred at a local playground where a cycle-stunt contest was being organized, according to the villagers. It began with a dispute about a group of upper caste youngsters reportedly passing [[Casteism|casteist]] comments against one of the contestants. Within moments, after several individuals from the upper castes jumped in and began violently attacking the Dalit contestant, the altercation escalated into a full-blown assault. His friends and cousins who attempted to interfere were also thrashed. The situation brought under control by the police.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-03|title=In Mirchpur, a race leads to clashes, many caste narratives|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/in-mirchpur-a-race-leads-to-clashes-many-caste-narratives-dalit-4505066/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mirchpur, Haryana: "Crush The Poor, And Everyone Is Happy"|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/02/13/mirchpur-haryana-crush-the-poor-and-everyone-is-happy|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Newslaundry|date=13 February 2017 }}</ref>

The next day 40 Dalit families left their homes in the village temporarily.<ref name=":3" />

==See also==

* [[Gokula_Jat#2nd_Battle_of_Tilpat|Massacre of Jats by Mughals]]
* [[Arya_Samaj#Growth_of_Arya_Samaj_after_Dayanand|Anti-casteism reforms by Arya Samaj]]
* [[Caste system in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirchpur caste violence, 2010}}
[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]
[[Category:2010 murders in India]]
[[Category:April 2010 in India]]
[[Category:April 2010 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:Violence against Dalits]]
[[Category:History of Hisar district]]
[[Category:2010s in Haryana]]
[[Category:Crime in Haryana]]
[[Category:Stone pelting in India]]
[[Category:Arson deaths]]
[[Category:Residential building arson attacks in India]]
[[Category:Arson in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 fires in Asia]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]
[[Category:2010 riots]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2010]]
[[Category:Robberies in India]]

2018–19 Ranji Trophy Group A

2025-07-28T08:48:18Z

Sergdxx: quick improve section to improve readability and fixed typos

{{short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2018-19 Ranji Trophy Group A
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 285px
| fromdate = {{start date|2018|11|1|df=y}}
| todate = {{end date|2019|1|10|df=y}}
| caption = The Ranji Trophy, awarded to the winners
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]]
| host = {{flag|India}}
| champions =
| count =
| participants = 9
| matches = 36
| most runs =
| most wickets =
| website =
| previous_year = 2017–18
| previous_tournament = 2017–18 Ranji Trophy
| next_year =
| next_tournament =
}}
{{2018–19 Indian domestic cricket season}}
The [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy]] was the 85th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]], the [[first-class cricket]] tournament that took place in India. It was contested by 37 teams, divided into four groups, with nine teams in Group A.<ref name="CI39">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24129178/nine-new-teams-ranji-trophy-2018-19 |title=Nine new teams in Ranji Trophy 2018–19 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> The group stage ran from 1 November 2018 to 10 January 2019.<ref name="CI39"/> The top five teams across Group A and [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy Group B|Group B]] progressed to the [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy#Quarter-finals|quarter-finals]] of the competition.<ref name="IE39">{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/bcci-schedule-2018-19-domestic-games-5265019/ |title=Logistical nightmare on cards as BCCI announces 37-team Ranji Trophy for 2018-19 season |work=Indian Express |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref>

In the opening round of fixtures, in the match between [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] and [[Railways cricket team|Railways]] in Delhi, players wore masks because of the [[Air quality in Delhi|poor air quality]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25146664/why-playing-cricket-delhi-smog |title=Monga: Why are we playing cricket in the Delhi smog? |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-domestic/ranji-trophy/ranji-trophy-father-assigned-to-plot-sons-dismissal-anti-pollution-masks-make-first-appearance/articleshow/66462530.cms |title=Ranji Trophy: Father assigned to plot son's dismissal; anti-pollution masks make first appearance |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref> In the third round match between [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]] and [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]], Vidarbha's [[Wasim Jaffer]] became the first batsman to score 11,000 runs in the Ranji Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/wasim-jaffer-becomes-first-batsman-to-reach-11000-runs-in-ranji-trophy-11000-runs/ |title=Wasim Jaffer becomes first batsman to reach 11,000 runs in Ranji Trophy |work=The Indian Express |access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref> The ninth round match between [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]] and [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]] was Jaffer's 146th Ranji match. He broke [[Devendra Bundela]]'s record of playing in the most matches in the Ranji Trophy.<ref name="RanRec">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25733628/new-records-new-teams-misfortunes-mumbai-delhi |title=New records by new teams, and the misfortunes of Mumbai and Delhi |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=10 January 2019 |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> In the fourth round match between [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]] and Mumbai, Gujarat beat Mumbai by nine wickets, to become the first side to have four outright victories against them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ranji-trophy-takeaways-gujarat-register-historic-win-over-mumbai-bengal-beat-tamil-nadu-in-a-thriller-1956825.html |title=Ranji Takeaways: Gujarat Register Historic Win Over Mumbai; Bengal Beat Tamil Nadu in a Thriller |work=Network18 Media and Investments Ltd |access-date=1 December 2018}}</ref>

Ahead of the fifth round of fixtures, [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]'s captain [[Jaydev Shah]] announced that he would retire from all cricket following the team's match against [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25458932/saurashtra-captain-jaydev-shah-retire-all-cricket |title=Saurashtra captain Jaydev Shah to retire from all cricket |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref> He set the record for the most matches as captain in the Ranji Trophy.<ref name="RanRec"/>

[[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]] became the first team to qualify from Group A, after [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]] beat [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]] by two wickets in their final group-stage match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25713149/vidarbha-baroda-alive-karnataka-lose-two-days |title=Vidarbha through; Baroda alive as Karnataka lose in two days |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 January 2019}}</ref> Despite the loss, Karnataka also qualified from Group A.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25719987/madhya-pradesh-lose-6-0-knocked-out |title=Madhya Pradesh lose 6 for 0, knocked out |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]] and [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] across Group A and B were relegated to Group C,<ref name="ChhGoa">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/106047/ranji-highlights-karnataka-uttarakhand-qualify-chhattisgarh-goa-relegated-india-cricket-madhya-pradesh-35-all-out |title=Ranji highlights: Karnataka, Uttarakhand qualify, Chhattisgarh, Goa relegated |work=CricBuzz |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/106029/ranji-highlights-rajasthan-qualify-maharashtra-relegated |title=Ranji highlights: Vidarbha qualify, Maharashtra relegated |work=CricBuzz |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> On the final day of the group stage, [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]] and [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]] also qualified from Group A for the quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ranji-takeaways-kerala-gujarat-sneak-through-to-complete-quarterfinal-line-up-1998383.html |title=Ranji Takeaways: Kerala, Gujarat Sneak Through to Complete Quarterfinal Line-up |work=Network18 Media and Investments Ltd |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

==Points table==
{{2018–19 Ranji Trophy Group A}}

==Fixtures==
===Round 1===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 1–4 November 2018
| team1 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 343 (105.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Chirag Khurana]] 89 (157)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 3/51 (15 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 120 (44.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Wasim Jaffer]] 27 (51)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Satyajeet Bachhav]] 3/3 (5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 = 501/8 (175 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Faiz Fazal]] 131 (324)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Satyajeet Bachhav]] 3/109 (48 overs)

| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = Akshay Totre and [[Sanjay Hazare]]
| motm = [[Faiz Fazal]] (Vidarbha)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156938.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Darshan Nalkande]] (Vidarbha) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 1–4 November 2018
| team1 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 290 (81.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 63 (135)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Siddharth Desai]] 5/109 (27 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 302 (102.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rujul Bhatt]] 76 (137)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Lukman Meriwala]] 3/50 (15.1 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 179 (72.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Pinal Shah]] 71 (112)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Roosh Kalaria]] 6/35 (18.2 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 168/1 (48.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Priyank Kirit Panchal]] 112[[not out|*]] (132)
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Moti Bagh Stadium]], [[Vadodara]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] and [[Sudhir Asnani]]
| motm = [[Roosh Kalaria]] (Gujarat)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156939.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat won by 9 wickets
| notes = [[Arzan Nagwaswalla]] (Gujarat) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 1–4 November 2018
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| team2 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 411 (115.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shivam Dube]] 114[[not out|*]] (139)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Harsh Tyagi]] 4/83 (24.2 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 307 (104.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Arindam Ghosh (cricketer)|Arindam Ghosh]] 71 (197)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Tushar Deshpande]] 6/70 (24.2 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 321/5 (102.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Aditya Tare]] 100[[not out|*]] (187)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Harsh Tyagi]] 3/86 (36 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Karnail Singh Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Nitin Pandit]] and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]]
| motm = [[Tushar Deshpande]] (Mumbai)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156940.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Abhinav Dixit]], [[Harsh Tyagi]] (Railways), [[Ashay Sardesai]] and [[Shams Mulani]] (Mumbai) all made their first-class debuts.
* [[Shivam Dube]] (Mumbai) scored his maiden century in first-class cricket.<ref name="CBD2">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/104876/ranji-highlights-mumbai-up-assert-dominance |title=Ranji Highlights: Mumbai, UP assert dominance; Mudhasir picks four in four balls |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref>
* [[Siddhesh Lad]] (Mumbai) scored his 3,000th run in first-class cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ranji-trophy-digest-mixed-bag-for-india-stars-new-states-take-baby-steps-1930305.html |title=Ranji Trophy Digest: Mixed Bag For India Stars, New States Take Baby Steps |work=Network18 Media and Investments Ltd |access-date=5 November 2018}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 1–4 November 2018
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 475 (142.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] 147 (202)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Shahnawaz Hussain (cricketer)|Shahnawaz Hussain]] 4/97 (19.2 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 355 (125.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sumit Ruikar]] 67 (102)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 7/86 (33 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 178/5 (58.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] 52[[not out|*]] (71)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Sahil Gupta]] 4/69 (19 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Chhattisgarh won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Amiesh Saheba]] and Rajesh Timaney
| motm = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156941.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Harvik Desai]] (Saurashtra), [[Sanjeet Desai]] and [[Omkar Verma]] (Chhattisgarh) all made their first-class debuts.
* [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] (Saurashtra) scored his fifteenth century in first-class cricket.<ref name="CBD2"/>
}}

===Round 2===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 12–15 November 2018
| team1 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| team2 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 322 (83.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 99 (95)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Satyajeet Bachhav]] 4/81 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 268 (89.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Naushad Shaikh]] 65 (126)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Swapnil Singh]] 5/78 (23.2 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 410/5[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (82.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Vishnu Solanki]] 175 (203)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ashay Palkar]] 2/67 (16 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 217/2 (67 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 118[[not out|*]] (217)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Swapnil Singh]] 2/59 (20 overs)

| venue = [[Moti Bagh Stadium]], [[Vadodara]]
| toss = Maharashtra won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] and [[Sudhir Asnani]]
| motm = [[Swapnil Singh]] (Baroda)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156958.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Ashay Palkar]] (Maharashtra) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 12–15 November 2018
| team1 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 307 (102.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shrikant Wagh]] 57 (83)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] 4/33 (14.2 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 378 (134 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Dega Nischal]] 113 (338)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 5/91 (49 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 228 (84.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Ganesh Satish]] 79 (164)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] 5/70 (32 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 76/6 (33 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ravikumar Samarth]] 30 (80)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 4/24 (14 overs)

| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]]
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] and Rajeev Godara
| motm =
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156955.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[BR Sharath]] and [[Krishnamurthy Siddharth]] (Karnataka) both made their first-class debuts.
* [[Vinay Kumar]] (Karnataka) played his 100th match in the Ranji Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25252647/on-cusp-milestones-abhishek-nayar-vinay-kumar-look-back-career |title=On the cusp of milestones, Abhishek Nayar and Vinay Kumar look back on career |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 12–15 November 2018
| team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| team2 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 538/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (146 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Dhruv Raval]] 116[[not out|*]] (204)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vishal Kushwah]] 3/92 (24 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 422 (127.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Vishal Kushwah]] 159 (197)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Arzan Nagwaswalla]] 4/66 (21 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 167/5 (52.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Manprit Juneja]] 50[[not out|*]] (98)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Pankaj Kumar Rao]] 2/31 (15 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Valsad|Sardar Vallabhai Patel Stadium]], [[Valsad]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Sanjay Hazare]] and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]]
| motm = [[Vishal Kushwah]] (Chhattisgarh)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156956.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 12–15 November 2018
| team1 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| team2 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 200 (64 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Mahesh Rawat]] 46 (56)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 4/58 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 348 (118.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 178[[not out|*]] (332)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Harsh Tyagi]] 3/78 (25.3 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 331 (119.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Harsh Tyagi]] 93 (240)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Dharmendrasinh Jadeja]] 5/95 (34 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 186/7 (49 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] 54 (55)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Avinash Yadav]] 5/88 (23 overs)

| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Railways won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Amiesh Saheba]] and Somnath Jha
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156957.html Scorecard]
| result = Saurashtra won by 3 wickets
| notes =
}}

===Round 3===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–23 November 2018
| team1 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| team2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 529/6[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (164 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Wasim Jaffer]] 153 (284)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Lukman Meriwala]] 2/79 (24 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 337 (121.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Aditya Waghmode]] 103 (253)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Lalit Yadav (Vidarbha cricketer)|Lalit Yadav]] 3/42 (21.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 = 216/0 (59.4 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Aditya Waghmode]] 102[[not out|*]] (180)
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]]
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Amiesh Saheba]] and [[Nikhil Patwardhan]]
| motm = [[Aditya Waghmode]] (Baroda)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156972.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Wasim Jaffer]] (Vidarbha) scored his 11,000th run in the Ranji Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/wasim-jaffer-becomes-the-first-player-to-reach-11-000-runs-in-ranji-trophy-1951283 |title=Wasim Jaffer Becomes The First Player To Reach 11,000 Runs In Ranji Trophy |work=NDTV |access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–23 November 2018
| team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 400 (129.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Krishnamurthy Siddharth]] 161 (299)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Shivam Dube]] 7/53 (28.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 205 (85.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Jay Bista]] 70 (118)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ronit More]] 5/52 (21.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 170/5[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (51 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Krishnamurthy Siddharth]] 71[[not out|*]] (125)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] 2/18 (9 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 173/4 (64 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Akhil Herwadkar]] 53 (74)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Abhimanyu Mithun]] 2/22 (8 overs)

| venue = [[KSCA Stadium]], [[Belagavi]]
| toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] and [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]]
| motm = [[Krishnamurthy Siddharth]] (Karnataka)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156973.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–23 November 2018
| team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| team2 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 324 (103.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Roosh Kalaria]] 91[[not out|*]] (149)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Chetan Sakariya]] 5/83 (22 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 349 (108 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Harvik Desai]] 82 (223)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Siddharth Desai]] 3/93 (26 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 329/4[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (71 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Priyank Kirit Panchal]] 141 (149)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Prerak Mankad]] 2/84 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 94/5 (60 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Harvik Desai]] 50 (110)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Rujul Bhatt]] 2/12 (10 overs)

| venue = [[GS Patel Stadium]], [[Nadiad]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Sanjay Hazare]] and [[Rohan Pandit]]
| motm = [[Jaydev Shah]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156974.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Chetan Sakariya]] (Saurashtra) made his first-class debut.
* [[Chetan Sakariya]] (Saurashtra) took his maiden five-wicket haul in first-class cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/105256/ranji-highlights-siddharths-ton-dubeys-seven-fer-setup-karnataka-mumbai-contest |title=Ranji Highlights: Siddharth's ton, Dubey's seven-fer setup Karnataka-Mumbai contest |work=CricBuzz |access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–23 November 2018
| team1 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
| team2 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 300 (108 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia|Harpreet Singh]] 79 (121)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Manjeet Singh (cricketer)|Manjeet Singh]] 4/85 (19 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 330 (121.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Mahesh Rawat]] 110 (187)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Pankaj Rao]] 5/72 (35 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 219/5[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (58.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Sanjeet Desai]] 67 (122)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Karan Thakur]] 3/44 (15 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 70/1 (20 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Nitin Bhille]] 53[[not out|*]] (71)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Sumit Ruikar]] 1/24 (10 overs)

| venue = [[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Raipur]]
| toss = Railways won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Sudhir Asnani]] and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]]
| motm = [[Mahesh Rawat]] (Railways)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156975.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes =
}}

===Round 4===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 28 November–1 December 2018
| team1 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
| team2 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 232 (109 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Manoj Singh (cricketer)|Manoj Singh]] 77[[not out|*]] (237)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Aditya Thakare]] 5/56 (26 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 332/6[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (116 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Faiz Fazal]] 146 (302)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Sumit Ruikar]] 3/46 (27 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 143 (57 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Sumit Ruikar]] 39[[not out|*]] (36)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Lalit Yadav (Vidarbha cricketer)|Lalit Yadav]] 7/56 (22 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 46/0 (19.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Akshay Wadkar]] 25[[not out|*]] (60)
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Stadium]], [[Raipur]]
| toss = Chhattisgarh won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Sudhir Asnani]] and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]]
| motm = [[Lalit Yadav (Vidarbha cricketer)|Lalit Yadav]] (Vidarbha)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156989.html Scorecard]
| result = Vidarbha won by 10 wickets
| notes = [[Mohit Kale]] and [[Yash Thakur]] (Vidarbha) both made their first-class debuts.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 28 November–1 December 2018
| team1 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 113 (39.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 39 (97)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] 4/26 (8 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 186 (84.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Shreyas Gopal]] 40 (100)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Satyajeet Bachhav]] 3/43 (16.2 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 256 (97 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 89 (161)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shreyas Gopal]] 4/64 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 184/3 (70.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] 77 (128)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Satyajeet Bachhav]] 2/56 (24 overs)

| venue = [[Srikantadatta Narasimha Raja Wadeyar Ground]], [[Mysore]]
| toss = Maharashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Nitin Pandit]] and [[Steve O'Shaughnessy (cricketer)|Steve O'Shaughnessy]]
| motm = [[Shreyas Gopal]] (Karnataka)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156990.html Scorecard]
| result = Karnataka won by 7 wickets
| notes = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] (Karnataka) and [[Jay Pande]] (Maharashtra) both made their first-class debuts.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 28 November–1 December 2018
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 297 (80.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shivam Dube]] 110 (128)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Arzan Nagwaswalla]] 5/78 (23.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 281 (98.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Dhruv Raval]] 99 (186)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] 3/71 (24 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 187 (75.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Aditya Tare]] 59 (114)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Chintan Gaja]] 4/57 (25 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 206/1 (41.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Priyank Panchal]] 112[[not out|*]] (109)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Shivam Dube]] 1/31 (7 overs)

| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] and [[C. K. Nandan]]
| motm = [[Shivam Dube]] (Gujarat)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156991.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat won by 9 wickets
| notes = [[Dhrumil Matkar]] (Mumbai) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 28 November–1 December 2018
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 521 (168.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jaydev Shah]] 165 (274)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Atit Sheth]] 3/74 (23.2 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 533/9 (167.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Kedar Devdhar]] 224 (336)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Hardik Rathod]] 3/98 (27 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Amiesh Saheba]] and [[Vineet Kulkarni]]
| motm = [[Kedar Devdhar]] (Baroda)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156992.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Yuvraj Chudasama]] (Saurashtra) made his first-class debut.
}}

===Round 5===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 6–9 December 2018
| team1 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 352 (109.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Swapnil Gugale]] 101 (191)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Akash Parkar]] 4/56 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 273 (80.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Siddhesh Lad]] 93 (180)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ashay Palkar]] 4/62 (20.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 254 (90.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 76 (129)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shivam Dube]] 3/25 (13.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 135/5 (47 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Aditya Tare]] 52[[not out|*]] (125)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Ashay Palkar]] 2/23 (6 overs)

| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]] and [[Shawn Craig]]
| motm = [[Swapnil Gugale]] (Maharashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157008.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 6–9 December 2018
| team1 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
| team2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 129 (39.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia|Harpreet Singh]] 37 (57)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Swapnil Singh]] 5/23 (7.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 385 (84.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 129[[not out|*]] (166)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Omkar Verma]] 4/84 (17.4 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 283 (81.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Avnish Dhaliwal]] 79 (121)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Lukman Meriwala]] 3/18 (12 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 31/1 (3.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Kedar Devdhar]] 25[[not out|*]] (13)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Omkar Verma]] 1/21 (2 overs)

| venue = [[Moti Bagh Stadium]], [[Vadodara]]
| toss = Chhattisgarh won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire)|Abhijit Deshmukh]] and [[Rohan Pandit]]
| motm = [[Yusuf Pathan]] (Baroda)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157009.html Scorecard]
| result = Baroda won by 9 wickets
| notes = [[Shivalik Sharma]] (Baroda) and [[Vikrant Rajput]] (Chhattisgarh) both made their first-class debuts.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 6–9 December 2018
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 316 (97.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jaydev Shah]] 97 (159)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jagadeesha Suchith]] 6/111 (30.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 217 (78.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Karun Nair]] 63 (83)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Dharmendrasinh Jadeja]] 7/103 (34 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 79 (27.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Snell Patel]] 22 (30)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Pavan Deshpande]] 3/5 (5.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 91 (36.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Karun Nair]] 30 (55)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Kamlesh Makvana]] 5/28 (14.5 overs)

| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] and [[Brad White (cricketer)|Brad White]]
| motm = [[Dharmendrasinh Jadeja]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157006.html Scorecard]
| result = Saurashtra won by 87 runs
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 6–9 December 2018
| team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| team2 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 367 (93.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 130 (157)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 4/93 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 547/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (166 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Mahesh Rawat]] 119[[not out|*]] (154)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Hardik Patel (cricketer)|Hardik Patel]] 3/134 (39 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 191/7 (92 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Priyank Panchal]] 58 (119)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Harsh Tyagi]] 4/46 (32 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Valsad|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium]], [[Valsad]]
| toss = Railways won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Nitin Pandit]] and [[Saiyed Khalid]]
| motm = [[Nitin Bhille]] (Railways)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157007.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes =
}}

===Round 6===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 14–17 December 2018
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 398 (136.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Vishvaraj Jadeja (cricketer)|Vishvaraj Jadeja]] 97 (154)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Anupam Sanklecha]] 6/103 (34.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 247 (70.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Kedar Jadhav]] 99 (155)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Chetan Sakariya]] 6/63 (17.2 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 120/5 (34.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Harvik Desai]] 44 (89)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Chirag Khurana]] 2/35 (8.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 267 (75.2 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Rohit Motwani]] 120[[not out|*]] (190)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Dharmendrasinh Jadeja]] 7/55 (17.2 overs)

| venue = [[Hutatma Anant Kanhere Maidan|Golf Club Ground]], [[Nasik]]
| toss = Maharashtra won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = Abhijit Bengeri and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]]
| motm = [[Dharmendrasinh Jadeja]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157026.html Scorecard]
| result = Saurashtra won by 5 wickets
| notes = [[Vishvaraj Jadeja (cricketer)|Vishvaraj Jadeja]] (Saurashtra) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 14–17 December 2018
| team1 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| team2 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 331 (110.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Akshay Karnewar]] 94 (136)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Avinash Yadav]] 5/78 (35.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 236 (88.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Pratham Singh]] 95 (232)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Akshay Wakhare]] 5/71 (25.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 147 (50.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 39 (54)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Harsh Tyagi]] 7/41 (22.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 124 (32.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Manjeet Singh (cricketer)|Manjeet Singh]] 33 (17)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 6/43 (16.2 overs)

| venue = [[Karnail Singh Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = Amit Bansal and [[Brad White (cricketer)|Brad White]]
| motm = [[Aditya Sarwate]] (Vidarbha)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157023.html Scorecard]
| result = Vidarbha won by 118 runs
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 14–17 December 2018
| team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 216 (69.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Priyank Panchal]] 74 (135)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Shreyas Gopal]] 2/21 (9 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 389 (121 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Shreyas Gopal]] 93 (115)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 4/99 (30 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 345 (124.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Manprit Juneja]] 98 (212)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ronit More]] 4/61 (21.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 107/4 (27 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Mayank Agarwal]] 53 (57)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Axar Patel]] 3/45 (13 overs)

| venue = [[Lalabhai Contractor Stadium]], [[Surat]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Krishnaraj Srinath]] and [[Tapan Sharma]]
| motm = [[Shreyas Gopal]] (Karnataka)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157024.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Srinivas Sharath]] and [[Prateek Jain]] (Karnataka) both made their first-class debuts.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 14–17 December 2018
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| team2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 465 (92.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 178 (139)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 5/81 (18.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 436 (146 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Vishnu Solanki]] 133 (254)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Royston Dias]] 4/99 (31 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 307/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (84 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Shivam Dube]] 76 (60)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 2/21 (10 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Baroda won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] and [[Subrat Das]]
| motm = [[Shreyas Iyer]] (Mumbai)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157025.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Vikrant Auti]] and [[Eknath Kerkar]] (Mumbai) both made their first-class debuts.
}}

===Round 7===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 22–25 December 2018
| team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| team2 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 321 (108.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Kathan Patel]] 105 (205)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 4/71 (28.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 485 (145.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Wasim Jaffer]] 126 (176)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Siddharth Desai]] 8/148 (43.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 214/6 (93 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Rujul Bhatt]] 64[[not out|*]] (217)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Akshay Karnewar]] 5/73 (43 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Saiyed Khalid]] and [[Rohan Pandit]]
| motm = [[Wasim Jaffer]] (Vidarbha)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157040.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Atharva Taide]] (Vidarbha) made his first-class debut.
* [[Wasim Jaffer]] (Vidarbha) scored his 55th century in first-class cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ranji-trophy-takeaways-three-centurions-for-up-jaffer-hits-55th-first-class-ton-1981567.html |title=Ranji Trophy Takeaways: Three Centurions for UP; Jaffer Hits 55th First-class Ton |work=Network18 Media and Investments Ltd |access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 22–25 December 2018
| team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| team2 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 214 (91.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Krishnamurthy Siddharth]] 69 (185)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Avinash Yadav]] 3/43 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 143 (60.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Manish Rao]] 52[[not out|*]] (132)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ronit More]] 5/45 (17.2 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 290/2[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (84 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Dega Nischal]] 101 (232)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Harsh Tyagi]] 2/78 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 185 (86 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Pratham Singh]] 48 (151)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 6/30 (24 overs)

| venue = [[KSCA Navule Stadium]], [[Shimoga]]
| toss = Railways won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Amiesh Saheba]] and [[Vineet Kulkarni]]
| motm = [[Dega Nischal]] (Karnataka)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157041.html Scorecard]
| result = Karnataka won by 176 runs
| notes = [[Sahim Hasan]] (Railways) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 22–25 December 2018
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| team2 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 394 (107 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jay Bista]] 127 (150)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 4/71 (24 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 348 (119.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] 95 (144)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shivam Dube]] 2/34 (20 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 238/8[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (48 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 83 (61)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Chetan Sakariya]] 3/47 (12 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 266/7 (71.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Vishvaraj Jadeja (cricketer)|Vishvaraj Jadeja]] 71 (129)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Minad Manjrekar]] 4/39 (11 overs)

| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Nikhil Patwardhan]]
| motm = [[Jay Bista]] (Mumbai)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157042.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Tanush Kotian]] (Mumbai) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 22–25 December 2018
| team1 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 239 (68.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 102 (145)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vishal Kushwah]] 4/59 (12.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 462 (140.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ajay Mandal]] 135 (217)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Anupam Sanklecha]] 5/89 (28 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 397/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (99.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Kedar Jadhav]] 103 (115)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Omkar Verma]] 4/110 (24 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 91/6 (33.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Avnish Dhaliwal]] 41 (61)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Swapnil Gugale]] 3/9 (7 overs)

| venue = [[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Raipur]]
| toss = Maharashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] and [[C. K. Nandan]]
| motm = [[Ajay Mandal]] (Chhattisgarh)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157043.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Anuj Tiwary]] (Chhattisgarh) and [[Mandar Bhandari]] (Maharashtra) both made their first-class debuts.
}}

===Round 8===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 30 December 2018 – 2 January 2019
| team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| team2 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 418 (131.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Dega Nischal]] 107 (242)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Pankaj Rao]] 7/82 (29 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 283 (89 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia|Harpreet Singh]] 120 (239)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ronit More]] 5/48 (18 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 219/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (49.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 102[[not out|*]] (102)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Pankaj Rao]] 4/67 (16 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 156 (57 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Avnish Dhaliwal]] 61 (142)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Ronit More]] 4/35 (13 overs)

| venue = [[KSCA Cricket Ground]], [[Alur, Hassan|Alur]]
| toss = Chhattisgarh won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] and [[Nitin Menon]]
| motm = [[Ronit More]] (Karnataka)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157058.html Scorecard]
| result = Karnataka won by 198 runs
| notes = [[Liyan Khan]] (Karnataka) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 30 December 2018 – 2 January 2019
| team1 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 230 (67.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]] 70 (128)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Chintan Gaja]] 5/57 (18 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 545/8[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (130 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Priyank Panchal]] 141 (209)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Anupam Sanklecha]] 3/80 (20 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 185 (55.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Anupam Sanklecha]] 40[[not out|*]] (32)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 3/18 (8.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Sanjay Hazare]] and [[C. K. Nandan]]
| motm = [[Chintan Gaja]] (Gujarat)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157059.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat won by an innings and 130 runs
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 30 December 2018 – 2 January 2019
| team1 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| team2 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 313 (94 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 160 (219)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 5/76 (25 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 200 (68.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Mahesh Rawat]] 50 (68)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 4/50 (18.3 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 157 (55 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 104 (143)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Amit Mishra]] 7/50 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 106 (39.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Marripuri Suresh]] 29[[not out|*]] (63)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Bhargav Bhatt (cricketer)|Bhargav Bhatt]] 5/43 (15.4 overs)

| venue = [[South Eastern Railway Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| toss = Railways won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Amiesh Saheba]] and [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]]
| motm = [[Krunal Pandya]] (Baroda)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157060.html Scorecard]
| result = Baroda won by 164 runs
| notes = [[Gandhar Bhatawadekar]] (Railways) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 30 December 2018 – 2 January 2019
| team1 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 511 (129.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Wasim Jaffer]] 178 (196)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Dhrumil Matkar]] 5/141 (34.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 252 (78.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Jay Bista]] 64 (111)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Akshay Wakhare]] 5/85 (29 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 = 114 (34.4 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Dhrumil Matkar]] 36 (58)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Aditya Sarwate]] 6/48 (14.4 overs)

| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]]
| toss = Vidarbha won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Sadashiv Iyer]] and [[Virender Sharma]]
| motm = [[Wasim Jaffer]] (Vidarbha)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157057.html Scorecard]
| result = Vidarbha won by an innings and 145 runs
| notes = [[Wasim Jaffer]] (Vidarbha) played in his 145th match in the Ranji Trophy, equalling the record set by [[Devendra Bundela]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25653392/no-stopping-wasim-jaffer |title=No stopping Wasim Jaffer |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref>
* [[Dhrumil Matkar]] (Mumbai) took his maiden five-wicket haul in first-class cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/105909/ranji-trophy-2018-19-uttar-pradesh-cricket-puducherry-quarterfinal-punit-bisht-triple-century |title=Ranji highlights: UP, Puducherry keep quarterfinal hopes alive; Punit Bisht slams triple ton |work=CricBuzz |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref>
}}

===Round 9===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 7–10 January 2019
| team1 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 129 (42.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Amandeep Khare]] 48 (48)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Tushar Deshpande]] 5/46 (12 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 188 (62 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Vikrant Auti]] 43 (78)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Pankaj Rao]] 3/53 (19 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 149 (32.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Vishal Kushwah]] 47 (22)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 4/47 (8 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 92/1 (24.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Jay Bista]] 49[[not out|*]] (69)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Pankaj Rao]] 1/20 (7.2 overs)

| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] and [[Yeshwant Barde]]
| motm = [[Tushar Deshpande]] (Mumbai)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157076.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai won by 9 wickets
| notes = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Mumbai) and [[Lavin Coster]] (Chhattisgarh) both made their first-class debuts.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 7–10 January 2019
| team1 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| team2 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 70 (23.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Satyajeet Bachhav]] 12 (20)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Avinash Yadav]] 4/38 (12 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 259 (77.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Mahesh Rawat]] 89 (117)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Satyajeet Bachhav]] 8/108 (36.4 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 131 (39.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Satyajeet Bachhav]] 27 (55)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Avinash Yadav]] 5/71 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[South Eastern Railway Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| toss = Maharashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Amiesh Saheba]] and [[Sanjay Hazare]]
| motm = [[Mahesh Rawat]] (Railways)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157077.html Scorecard]
| result = Railways won by an innings and 58 runs
| notes = [[Nikhil Naik]] and [[Siddhesh Warghante]] (Maharashtra) both made their first-class debuts.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 7–10 January 2019
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 356 (136.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Harvik Desai]] 74 (165)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Yash Thakur]] 4/92 (32.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 280/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (118 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Wasim Jaffer]] 98 (225)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 6/56 (27 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 218/2[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (73 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Vishvaraj Jadeja (cricketer)|Vishvaraj Jadeja]] 105[[not out|*]] (188)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Suniket Bingewar]] 1/24 (15 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] and [[Sudhir Asnani]]
| motm = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157074.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Suniket Bingewar]] (Vidarbha) made his first-class debut.
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 7–10 January 2019
| team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| team2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 112 (31.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 43 (70)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Lukman Meriwala]] 3/22 (6 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 223 (51 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Vishnu Solanki]] 69 (85)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shreyas Gopal]] 4/47 (11 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 220 (63.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 50 (75)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Deepak Hooda]] 5/31 (14.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 110/8 (28.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 41 (30)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Prasidh Krishna]] 3/14 (12 overs)

| venue = [[Moti Bagh Stadium]], [[Vadodara]]
| toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] and [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]]
| motm = [[Bhargav Bhatt (cricketer)|Bhargav Bhatt]] (Baroda)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157075.html Scorecard]
| result = Baroda won by 2 wickets
| notes = [[Shubhang Hegde]] (Karnataka) made his first-class debut.
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}
{{2018–19 in Indian cricket}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranji Trophy, 2018-19}}
[[Category:2018 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2019 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2018–19]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]