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Viraat (actor, born 1995)

2026-05-07T23:21:12Z

ScarlettFlannaga: started entry!

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Viraat
| image = Actorviraatimage.jpg
| caption = Viraat in 2025
| image_upright = yes
| birth_name = Karthik S. Kumar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1995|03|11}}
| birth_place = Mysore, Karnataka, India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2015–present
| known_for =
| height = 6 ft
}}

'''Karthik S. Kumar''' (born 11 March 1995), professionally known as '''Viraat''', is an Indian film and television actor who works primarily in the Kannada entertainment industry. He gained recognition for his lead role in the television series ''Jothe Jotheyali'' (2015) and made his feature film debut with ''[[Kiss (2019 film)|Kiss]]'' (2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/acting-is-my-childhood-dream-karthik/articleshow/48886556.cms|title=Acting is my childhood dream: Karthik|website=TimesofIndia.com|date=9 September 2015|access-date=17 January 2025|archive-date=20 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120210954/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/acting-is-my-childhood-dream-karthik/articleshow/48886556.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/Sep/22/kiss-is-the-purest-form-of-expressing-love-viraat-2037524.html|title=KISS is the purest form of expressing love: Viraat|website=NewIndianExpress.com|date=23 September 2019|access-date=17 January 2025|archive-date=20 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120210951/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/Sep/22/kiss-is-the-purest-form-of-expressing-love-viraat-2037524.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
After completing his tele-series ''Jothe Jotheyali'', Viraat was paired opposite [[Sree Leela]] who also made her debut in the film ''[[Kiss (2019 film)|Kiss]]''. The film was released to mixed reviews from critics and became a commercial success at the box office with its 100 days successful run.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/kiss-crosses-100th-day-milestone/articleshow/74183010.cms|title=Kiss Movie: Viraat, Sree Leela-starrer Kiss crosses 100th day milestone|access-date=2025-01-17|archive-date=2022-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715201652/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/kiss-crosses-100th-day-milestone/articleshow/74183010.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Viraat received favorable responses from critics for both his acting and dancing skills.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/kannada/2019/sep/29/kiss-kannada-movie-review-an-youthful-but-unduly-stretched-affair-14588.html|title=Kiss (Kannada) Movie Review: An youthful but unduly stretched affair|date=29 September 2019|work=[[The New Indian Express|Cinema Express]]|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|access-date=17 January 2025|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004082613/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/kannada/2019/sep/29/kiss-kannada-movie-review-an-youthful-but-unduly-stretched-affair-14588.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was nominated at the [[SIIMA Awards]] under Best Debut Actor {{endash}} Kannada category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2021 |title=SIIMA Awards 2021 Nominations: The Award Ceremony To Be Held In Hyderabad On September 11, 12 |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/siima-awards-2021-nominations-south-indian-international-movie-awards-asuran-kumbalangi-nights-maharshi-1477353 |access-date=19 September 2021 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822052837/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/siima-awards-2021-nominations-south-indian-international-movie-awards-asuran-kumbalangi-nights-maharshi-1477353 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Viraat's next project titled ''[[Royal (film)|Royal]]'' released in 2025 which marked a comeback film for the director [[Dinakar Thoogudeepa]] after a gap of six years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dinakar-thoogudeepas-comeback-film-titled-royal/articleshow/97642287.cms|title=Dinakar Thoogudeepa's comeback film titled 'Royal'|website=TheTimesofIndia.com|date=6 February 2023|access-date=17 January 2025|archive-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324012130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/dinakar-thoogudeepas-comeback-film-titled-royal/articleshow/97642287.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Viraat was paired opposite [[Sanjana Anand]] and the film was produced by [[Jayanna Combines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Dec/30/royal-truly-lives-up-to-its-name-says-dinakar-thoogudeepa|title='Royal' truly lives up to its name, says Dinakar Thoogudeepa|website=NewIndianExpress.com|date=30 December 2024|access-date=17 January 2025|archive-date=20 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120210956/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Dec/30/royal-truly-lives-up-to-its-name-says-dinakar-thoogudeepa|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon release, the film met with average response from critics and audiences.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/royal-review-dinakar-thoogudeepa-s-film-struggles-with-cliches-3372125|title='Royal' review: Dinakar Thoogudeepa's film struggles with cliches|website=DeccanHerald.com|date=25 January 2025}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|2019
| ''[[Kiss (2019 film)|Kiss]]''
| Arjun
| [[SIIMA Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Debut Actor]]
[[IIFA Awards|IIFA Award for Best Debut Actor]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-11 |title=SIIMA Awards 2021 Winners: Rakshit Shetty, Rashmika, Darshan, and Rachita Ram among top honors |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rakshit-shetty-rashmika-darshan-and-rachita-ram-among-top-honors-at-siima-2021/articleshow/86347445.cms |access-date=2021-09-11}}</ref>
|-
|2025
| ''[[Royal (film)|Royal]]''
| Krishna
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/viraat-sanjana-anand-films-title-royal-was-inspired-by-gen-zs-mantra/articleshow/97675884.cms|title=Viraat-Sanjana Anand film's title, Royal, was inspired by Gen Z's mantra|website=TimesofIndia.com|date=7 February 2023|access-date=17 January 2025|archive-date=5 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250205005040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/viraat-sanjana-anand-films-title-royal-was-inspired-by-gen-zs-mantra/articleshow/97675884.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Notes
|-
| 2015
| ''Jothe Jotheyali'' || Abhay || [[Zee Kannada]]|| credited as Karthik S. Kumar
|-
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Work !! Result
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015 || Zee Kutumba Awards || Best Actor – Lead Role (Male) || rowspan="3" | ''Jothe Jotheyali'' || {{Won}}
|-
| Karnataka Sahitya Parishath Award || Best Actor || {{Won}}
|-
| Sadhane Award || Best Actor || {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 || [[SIIMA Awards]] || Best Debut Actor – Male {{Endash}} Kannada || rowspan="2" | ''Kiss'' || {{Won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Utsavam]] || Best Debut Actor – Male – Kannada || {{Won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|10988600}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Viraat}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Mysore]]
[[Category:Indian television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Kannada male actors]]
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]

Mandal Commission protests of 1990

2026-05-07T08:29:53Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Creating new entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Short description|Protest against reservation in India}}


'''Mandal commission protests of 1990''' were against reservation in government jobs based on caste in [[India]].

==Background==
===Mandal Commission===
{{Main|Mandal Commission}}
Mandal Commission was set up in 1977 January by [[Morarji Desai]] government to identify the socially or educationally backward classes to consider the question of seat reservations and quotas for people to redress caste discrimination, and used eleven social, economic, and educational indicators to determine backwardness. It was chaired by [[B. P. Mandal]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20070702-1990-mandal-commission-748367-2007-07-01 | title=1990: Caste Cleft | work=[[India Today]] | date=2 July 2007 | access-date=2013-04-08}}</ref> The commission submitted the report to the [[President of India|President]] on 30 December 1980. It recommended 27% reservation quota for [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] resulting in total 49.5% quota in government jobs and public universities.<ref name=Ramaiah>{{cite web|last=Ramaiah |first=A |date=6 June 1992 |url=http://www.tiss.edu/downloads/ppapers/pp1.pdf |title=Identifying Other Backward Classes |pages=1203–1207 |publisher=Economic and Political Weekly |access-date=2006-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230030051/http://www.tiss.edu/downloads/ppapers/pp1.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[V. P. Singh]], the Prime Minister implemented the recommendations in August 1990, by reserving 27% of jobs under the central government and public sector undertakings which led to protests.

==Protests==
These protests were against giving government jobs to certain castes to rectify historical injustices they faced. These protests closed roads, highways, transportation services, government services, schools, and businesses of [[India]]. Anti-[[Reservation in India|reservationists]] protested. Student protests were planned publicly, and in advance. Protest events were photographed for many published articles of newspapers locally and nationally.<ref>''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' newspaper, 1 September 1990, Chandigarh, India.</ref> Protests began during the year when the eleven-year-old [[Reservation in India#History|Mandal Commission]] was opened to bring into effect new government employment opportunities, [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh#Mandal Commission report|reservation for backwards classes]].{{fact|date=October 2024}}

Between the failure to effectively control the political cost of the protests escalating enough to close parts of the nation, and an eleven-year-old human rights improvement project, were causes that ultimately led to accepting the resignation of the [[Janata Dal]] party's [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]].{{fact|date=October 2024}}

Culturally unique features of the protests and riots were [[bandh]]s (a version of a strike), [[hartal]]s (a version of a municipal shut-down), [[dharna]]s (a version of swarming). Incidents of destruction of public property, looting, and intimidation for bandhs, hartals and dharnas were published and listed geographically as travel information in newspaper articles. Articles also highlighted politicians and victims of rioting during the protests. Although not advisable, late summer travel by airline and vehicle during the protests was possible without delays, between capitals New Delhi and Chandigarh, and Shimla for example. [[Delhi Police|Police]] prevented extending the range and duration of the strikes, and some strike activity from even occurring. The strike helped to give large popularity to [[Mandal Commission]] report and fueled the political grouping of the [[OBC quota|OBC]] castes, which later helped a lot for the strengthening of regional political parties and stronger parties other than [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and [[BJP]].{{fact|date=October 2024}}

==Self immolations==
===[[Rajiv Goswami]]===
Rajiv Goswami was the first student to attempt self-immolation while a student at [[Deshbandhu College]], [[Delhi University]] in October, 1990 to protest against [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[V.P. Singh|V.P. Singh's]] implementation of the [[Mandal Commission]] laws for Affirmative Action (reservation) recommendations. His action sparked a series of self-immolations by college students and led to a formidable movement against job reservations for backward classes, as recommended by the Mandal Commission.<ref name="tt">{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040225/main6.htm | title=Pioneer of anti-Mandal stir Rajiv Goswami dead | work=The Tribune | date=24 February 2004 | agency=PTI | access-date=2013-04-08}}</ref> He was later elected as the President of Delhi University's Student Union, he died after about a decade of suffering because of the 70% burns he had suffered.
===Wave of suicide protests===
While Goswami survived, he became the face of the agitation, and more immolation bids followed soon. The historian [[Ramachandra Guha]] puts that number at 200; more than 60 succumbed to their burns.<ref>https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/india-at-75-epochal-moments-1990-anti-mandal-agitation-and-identity-politics/article65730863.ece</ref> Some other reports put these suicide attempts to 159, with 63 succumbing to their injuries.<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19901031-mandal-report-touches-a-peculiar-chord-among-youth-813187-1990-10-30</ref> Other prominent victims include<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19901031-mandal-report-touches-a-peculiar-chord-among-youth-813187-1990-10-30</ref> Monica Chadha (19, New Delhi)<ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-10-20-mn-2237-story.html</ref>, Anil Kumar (15, Tekri, Haryana), Saurabh Verma (20, Indore), Surinder Singh Chauhan (22, New Delhi; first fatality), Susarla Vamsee Mohan (20, Hyderabad), Narinder Kaur (16, Pathankot), Saroj Saini (15, Chandigarh), Shama Gupta (Chandigarh), Chetan Gautam (13), Aparna Deshpande (Jabalpur), and Ravindra Kumar (Jabalpur).

==Popular culture==
* 2010 TV series ''[[Armanon Ka Balidaan-Aarakshan]]'' had backdrop of these protests.<ref name="ndt">{{cite news | url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/new-tv-serial-shows-both-sides-of-mandal-divide-68667 | title=New TV serial shows both sides of Mandal divide | work=NDTV | date=26 November 2010 | agency=IANS | access-date=2013-04-08}}</ref>
* ''[[Hurdang]]'' (2022) by [[Nikhil Nagesh Bhat]] is set in the backdrop of the protests.

==See also==
* [[Jat Gazette|Influence of Jat-Political conciliation]]
* [[Dominant caste|Rise of Jotedar principalities]]
* [[Patidar reservation agitation]]

==References==
{{reflist|_30em}}

{{Authority control|state=autocollapse}}

{{Reservation in India}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 in India]]
[[Category:Reservation in India]]
[[Category:Protests in India]]
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]

Battle of Narela (1757)

2026-05-01T22:49:18Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New...

{{Short description|1757 battle in Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| image =
| caption =
| partof = the [[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Afghan–Maratha conflicts]]
| conflict = Battle of Narela
| date = 16 January 1757
| place = [[Narela]], Outskirts of Delhi
| result = Durrani victory<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barua|first=Pradeep|title=The state at war in South Asia|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2005|isbn=9780803213449|pages=55|language=English}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[Durrani Empire]]
| combatant2 = {{flag|Maratha Empire}}
| commander1 = [[Sardar Jahan Khan]]
| commander2 = Antaji Mankeshwar
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = 3,400 cavalry{{sfn|Barua|2005|p=55}}
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 100 men and horses<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Ganda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_A8AAAAMAAJ|title=Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan|date=1959|publisher=Asia Publishing House|language=en|page=158}}</ref>
| campaignbox = {{Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani}}
}}
The '''Battle of Narela''' took place on 16 January 1757, at [[Narela]], on the outskirts of Delhi, between the [[Maratha Army]] led by Antaji Mankeshwar and an army of [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]].

==Background==
[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], the emperor of Afghanistan was heading towards Delhi, for yet another invasion. The Marathas had signed a treaty with the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal Emperor]] in 1752 to give him protection from the foreign invader. The [[Peshwa|Maratha Peshwa]] had appointed Antaji Mankeshwar along with 50,000 strong Maratha force to guard the emperor. However, the Maratha troops were called back by the [[Peshwa]] for the [[Deccan]] operations. As a result, most of the Maratha force left Delhi leaving behind some 3,400 troops under [[Antaji Mankeshwar]].<ref name="Barua, p. 55">[[#Ba|Barua, p. 55]]</ref><ref name="ad">[[#Me|Mehta, p. 224]]</ref>

==Battle==
The small garrison of Marathas along with the forces of [[Imad-ul-Mulk]] and [[Najib-ud-daula]] had the responsibility to guard the Mughal capital from Durrani. Antaji was asked to move along with his contingent along the road towards [[Karnal]] to check the progress of the Afghan invader. The Marathas and Afghans collided in a fierce battle in [[Narela]], on the outskirts of Delhi.<ref name="Barua, p. 55"/><ref name="ad"/>

==Aftermath==
Later at night, [[Antaji Mankeshwar|Antaji]] was returning from Narela when his troops were intercepted by a huge army on the outskirts of Delhi in the night of 16–17 January.
The Marathas were completely taken by surprise, but they fought desperately and hurriedly retreated towards [[Faridabad]], 30 km from Delhi with heavy losses. The next day, it became known that the unidentified foe who had treacherously lead a surprise attack on the Marathas, the night before was [[Najib-ud-daula]], a courtier of the Mughal emperor. Najib betrayed the emperor and his [[Vizier|wazir]] at the most critical time and moved out of Delhi with his 20,000 well equipped troops to join the invader's camp. As a result, Abdali entered Delhi with Najib-ud-Daula on 28 January 1757, and taken to the [[Red Fort]] unopposed by the Mughal Emperor in humility. The Mughal Emperor was arrested and Najib was put in charge of the administration of Delhi.<ref name=ad/><ref>[[#Sa|Sarkar, p. 62]]</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Battle of Narela (1452)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|year=2005|isbn=1-932705-54-6|page=225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&q=Narela&pg=PA225|ref=Me}}
* Robinson, Howard; James Thomson Shotwell (1922). "Mogul Empire and the Marathas". The Development of the British Empire. Houghton Mifflin. p. 134.
* {{cite book|title=The State at War in South Asia|chapter=Marathas at Panipat|author=Pradeep P. Barua|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2005|isbn=0803213441|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&q=Battle+of+Narela+1757&pg=PA55|ref=Ba}}
* {{cite book|title=Fall of the Mughal Empire, Vol. 2|author=Jadunath Sarkar|author-link=Jadunath Sarkar|publisher=M. C. Sarkar|year=1966|ref=Sa}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

{{coord missing|Delhi}}

[[Category:18th century in Delhi]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Narela]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Durrani Empire|Narela]]
[[Category:1757 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1757|Narela]]
[[Category:1750s in the Durrani Empire]]

Sakal Tar Hou Dya

2026-04-30T14:10:55Z

ScarlettFlannaga:

{{Short description|2025 Indian drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sakal Tar Hou Dya
| image =
| caption =
| director = Aalok Jain
| writer = Aalok Jain
| producer = Namrata Sinha
| starring = [[Subodh Bhave]] [[Manasi Naik]]
| cinematography = Sunil Patel
| editing =
| music = [[Rohit Raut]]
| story = Aalok Jain
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|10|10}}
| runtime =
| studio = Shrey Picture Company
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sakal Tar Hou Dya''''' is a 2025 Indian Marathi-language film directed by Aalok Jain. The film stars [[Subodh Bhave]] and [[Manasi Naik]] in the lead roles.<ref name="LoksattaInfo">{{Cite web
|date=
|title=धाडसी प्रयोग
|url=https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/sakaal-tar-hou-dya-marathi-film-direction-acting-information-mumbai-print-news-ssb-93-5437411/
|url-status=live
|access-date=4 February 2026
|website=[[Loksatta]]
|language=mr
|archive-date=12 October 2025
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012003421/https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/sakaal-tar-hou-dya-marathi-film-direction-acting-information-mumbai-print-news-ssb-93-5437411/
}}</ref> The film was released theatrically in Maharashtra on 10 October 2025.<ref name="SakalReview">{{Cite web |date= |title=Movie Review : निराशेतही जीवनाचे सौंदर्य शोधणारी कथा |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/subodh-bhave-and-manasi-naik-starrer-sakal-tar-hou-dya-movie-review-entertainment-news-kds07 |url-status=live |access-date=4 February 2026 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr |archive-date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114000931/https://www.esakal.com/premier/subodh-bhave-and-manasi-naik-starrer-sakal-tar-hou-dya-movie-review-entertainment-news-kds07 }}</ref>

== Plot ==

The film focuses on interpersonal relationships in an urban family setting.<ref name="LokmatReview">{{Cite web
|date=
|title=विधिलिखित भेटीतील नियतीचा खेळ! कसा आहे सुबोध-मानसीचा 'सकाळ तर होऊ द्या' सिनेमा
|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/subodh-bhave-mansi-naik-sakal-tar-hou-dya-marathi-movie-review-a-a838-c971/
|url-status=live
|access-date=4 February 2026
|website=[[Lokmat]]
|language=mr
|archive-date=8 November 2025
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251108104145/https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/subodh-bhave-mansi-naik-sakal-tar-hou-dya-marathi-movie-review-a-a838-c971/
}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Subodh Bhave]] as Abhay Purandare
* [[Manasi Naik]] as Niyati

== Production ==

The film ''Sakal Tar Hou Dya'' was announced with Subodh Bhave and Manasi Naik in the lead roles, marking their first collaboration in a Marathi feature. The project is produced by Namrata Sinha under the Shrey Picture Company banner, with writing and direction by Aalok Jain, who has previously worked in Hindi cinema.<ref>{{Cite web
|date=30 July 2025
|title=Subodh Bhave new film Sakal Tar Hou Dya with Mansi Naik
|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/subodh-bhave-new-film-sakal-tar-hou-dya-with-mansi-naik/articleshow/122995368.cms
|url-status=live
|access-date=4 February 2026
|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]
|language=mr
}}</ref>

Principal photography for the film began in Madhya Pradesh in February 2025, as reported during the early phase of production.<ref>{{Cite web
|date=
|title=Shooting starts of Subodh Bhave and Manasi Naik starrer new Marathi movie Sakal Tar Hou Dya
|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/shooting-starts-of-subodh-bhave-and-manasi-naik-starrer-new-marathi-movie-sakal-tar-hou-dya/885080
|url-status=live
|access-date=4 February 2026
|website=[[Zee News]]
|language=mr
}}</ref>

== Marketing ==

The teaser of the film was released prior to its theatrical release.<ref name="TeaserLokmat">{{Cite web
|date=
|title=Subodh Bhave and Manasi Naik’s Sakal Tar Hou Dya teaser released
|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/marathi-actor-subodh-bhave-and-manasi-naik-upcoming-film-sakal-tar-hou-dya-teaser-released-a-a991/
|url-status=live
|access-date=4 February 2026
|website=[[Lokmat]]
|language=mr
}}</ref> The official trailer was released through digital platforms ahead of the film’s release.<ref name="TrailerABP">{{Cite web
|date=
|title=Sakal Tar Hou Dya official trailer released
|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/sakaal-tar-hou-dya-official-trailer-out-marathi-actor-subodh-bhave-mansi-naik-starrer-movie-released-on-10th-october-1388523
|url-status=live
|access-date=4 February 2026
|website=[[ABP Majha]]
|language=mr
}}</ref>

== Music ==

The song "Nach Mora" from the film ''Sakal Tar Hou Dya'' was released ahead of the film’s theatrical release. The song features the lead actors Subodh Bhave and Manasi Naik and was launched as part of the film’s promotional activities prior to its release date of 10 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web
|date=
|title=Subodh Bhave–Manasi Naik starrer Sakal Tar Hou Dya song Nach Mora released
|url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/subodh-bhave-mansi-naik-sakal-tar-hou-dya-marathi-movie-nach-mora-song-release-october-10-amk08
|url-status=live
|access-date=4 February 2026
|website=[[Sakal]]
|language=mr
|archive-date=25 August 2025
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825131759/https://www.esakal.com/premier/subodh-bhave-mansi-naik-sakal-tar-hou-dya-marathi-movie-nach-mora-song-release-october-10-amk08
}}</ref>

== Reception ==

Santosh Bhingarde of ''[[Sakal]]'' reviewed the film and noted its conventional storyline, slow initial pacing, and a dramatic turn by the interval. The review referred to the director’s handling of drama within a limited setting and the focus on two central characters, along with the performances of Subodh Bhave and Manasi Naik.<ref name="SakalReview"/>Reshma Naikwar, writing for ''[[Loksatta]]'', reviewed the film with reference to its relationship-driven themes, restrained direction, and reliance on performances and dialogue to advance the narrative.<ref name="LoksattaInfo"/>Sanjay Ghavare of ''[[Lokmat]]'' reviewed the film and referred to its relationship-centred subject matter, measured pacing, and emphasis on the lead performances within a limited dramatic framework.<ref name="LokmatReview"/>

=== Accolades ===

==== Winners:<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=10th Ambernath Marathi Film Festival 2026: A Grand Celebration of Cinematic Excellence – travel 2 films |url=https://travel2films.com/10th-ambernath-marathi-film-festival-2026-a-grand-celebration-of-cinematic-excellence/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> ====

* 2026: Ambernath Marathi Chitrapat Mahotsav for Best Debut Producer – Namrata Sinha
* 2026: Ambernath Marathi Chitrapat Mahotsav for Best Debut Director – Aalok Jain
* 2026: Ambernath Marathi Chitrapat Mahotsav for Best Actor – [[Subodh Bhave]]
* 2026: Ambernath Marathi Chitrapat Mahotsav for Best Actress – [[Manasi Naik]]
* 2026: Sanskrutik Kaladarpan for Best Actor – Subodh Bhave
* 2026: Sanskrutik Kaladarpan for Best Actress – Manasi Naik

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=37186862}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]

New Kolia Bhomora Bridge

2026-04-28T14:05:53Z

ScarlettFlannaga:

{{Infobox bridge
| name = New Kolia Bhomora Bridge
| native_name =
| image = Kolia Bhomora Bridge Tezpur Side 01.jpg
| caption = New Kolia Bhomora Bridge (right) and [[Kolia Bhomora Bridge]] (left)
| carries = Road traffic
| crosses = [[Brahmaputra River]]
| locale = [[Tezpur]], [[Sonitpur district]] – [[Kaliabor]], [[Nagaon district]], [[Assam]], [[India]]
| official_name =
| maint = [[National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited|NHIDCL]]
| design = Concrete road bridge
| material = Concrete
| length = 3.04 km
| lanes = 2
| begin = 2017
| open = 2022
}}

'''New Kolia Bhomora Bridge''' (also known as the '''Bhomoraguri–Tezpur Bridge''') is a road bridge over the [[Brahmaputra River]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]]. It connects [[Tezpur]] in [[Sonitpur district]] on the northern bank with [[Kaliabor]] in [[Nagaon district]] on the southern bank.<ref name="sentinel1">{{cite news |title=New bridge parallel to Kolia Bhomora Setu opened |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/new-bridge-parallel-to-kolia-bhomora-setu-opened-621209 |publisher=The Sentinel Assam |date=1 November 2022 |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>

The bridge was constructed parallel to the older [[Kolia Bhomora Setu]], which was completed in 1987.<ref name="kbsetu">{{cite web |title=Kolia Bhomora Setu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolia_Bhomora_Setu |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2026}} The new structure is approximately 3.04 kilometres long and was built to reduce congestion and improve connectivity between the north and south banks of the Brahmaputra in central Assam.<ref name="sentinel1"/>

==Background==
The original [[Kolia Bhomora Setu]] was constructed between 1981 and 1987 and inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref name="kbsetu"/> The bridge connects important road networks including National Highway routes linking Assam with [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and other parts of northeastern India.<ref name="hills">{{cite news |title=Second Kaliabhomora Bridge to be opened soon |url=https://thehillstimes.in/assam/second-kaliabhomora-bridge-to-be-opened-soon-rijiju |publisher=The Hills Times |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>

Over the years, heavy vehicular traffic on the original bridge created congestion and maintenance concerns, leading to the proposal for a new parallel bridge to ease traffic movement.<ref name="pratidin">{{cite news |title=Assam MP urges Nitin Gadkari to expedite approval for bridge across Brahmaputra |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/assam-mp-urges-nitin-gadkari-to-expedite-approval-for-bridge-across-brahmaputra-8718920 |publisher=Pratidin Time |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>

==Construction==
Construction of the new bridge was undertaken as part of a broader highway development project connecting Kaliabor Tiniali to Dolabari.<ref name="sentinel1"/> The bridge was built alongside the existing Kolia Bhomora Setu to create a dual-bridge corridor across the Brahmaputra.

The project formed part of a 17.3-kilometre four-lane road improvement scheme and was implemented by the [[National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited]] (NHIDCL). The total project cost was reported to be approximately ₹588.95 crore.<ref name="sentinel1"/>

==Opening==
The new bridge was opened to vehicular traffic in 2022.<ref name="sentinel1"/> After its opening, traffic was diverted to the new bridge while the older Kolia Bhomora Setu underwent maintenance and repair work.<ref name="sentinel1"/>

The parallel bridge system significantly improved the movement of goods and passenger vehicles between northern and central Assam.<ref name="hills"/>

==Significance==
The New Kolia Bhomora Bridge is strategically important for regional connectivity in Assam and neighbouring states. It strengthens transport links between the Brahmaputra valley and areas such as [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref name="pratidin"/>

Together with the older Kolia Bhomora Setu, the bridge forms an important crossing over the Brahmaputra in central Assam, facilitating trade, tourism and movement between the districts of Sonitpur and Nagaon.<ref name="kbsetu"/>

==See also==
* [[Kolia Bhomora Setu]]
* [[Brahmaputra River]]
* [[List of bridges in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Northeast India}}

{{coord|26.6006|92.8568|type:landmark_region:IN_dim:3000|display=title}}

[[Category:Bridges in Assam]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Brahmaputra River]]

University of California Press

2026-04-21T22:01:48Z

ScarlettFlannaga: minor correct article per standard format also

{{short description|American publishing house}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox publisher
| image = University of California Press logo.svg
| parent = [[University of California]]
| status =
| founded = 1893
| founder =
| successor =
| country = [[United States]]
| headquarters = [[Berkeley, California]]
| distribution = [[Ingram Publisher Services]] (US) [[John Wiley & Sons]] (UK) Footprint Books (Australia)<ref>{{cite web |title=Booksellers – University of California Press |access-date=2018-02-06 |url=https://www.ucpress.edu/resources.php?p=booksellers}}</ref>
| keypeople =
| publications = [[Book]]s, [[academic journal|journal]]s
| topics =
| genre =
| imprints =
| revenue =
| numemployees =
| nasdaq =
| url = {{URL|https://ucpress.edu}}
}}
[[File:ASA conference 2008 - 19.JPG|thumb|2008 conference booth]]

The '''University of California Press''', otherwise known as '''UC Press''', is a [[publishing house]] associated with the [[University of California]] that engages in [[academic publishing]]. It was founded in 1893<ref name="Camhi2013">{{cite book |first=Jeff |last=Camhi |title=A Dam in the River: Releasing the Flow of University Ideas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qodTxXkEgEC&pg=PA149 |access-date=31 August 2013 |date=15 April 2013 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-0-87586-989-6 |pages=149– }}</ref> to publish scholarly and scientific works by faculty of the University of California, established 25 years earlier in 1868.

As the publishing arm of the University of California system, the press publishes over 250 new books and almost four dozen multi-issue journals annually, in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and maintains approximately 4,000 book titles in print.<ref name=officialweb>{{cite web |url=https://www.ucpress.edu |title=University of California Press |website=University of California Press}}</ref> It is also the digital publisher of Collabra and Luminos [[open access]] (OA) initiatives.

The press has its administrative office in downtown [[Oakland, California]], an editorial branch office in [[Los Angeles]], and a sales office in [[New York City]], and distributes through marketing offices in Great Britain, Asia, Australia, and Latin America. A Board consisting of senior officers of the University of California, holds responsibility for the operations of the press, and authorizes and approves all manuscripts for publication. The Editorial Committee consists of distinguished faculty members representing the university's nine campuses.<ref name="ucop">{{cite web |title=University of California Press | UCOP |url=https://www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel-programs//programs-and-initiatives/faculty-resources-advancement/faculty-handbook-sections/university-of-california-press.html |website=www.ucop.edu}}</ref>

The press commissioned as its corporate typeface [[University of California Old Style]] from type designer [[Frederic Goudy]] from 1936 to 1938, although it no longer always uses the design.<ref name="A Half-Century of Type Design and Typography: 1895–1945, Volume 2">{{cite book |last=Goudy |first=Frederic |author-link=Frederic Goudy|title=A Half-Century of Type Design and Typography: 1895-1945, Volume 1 |year=1946 |publisher=The Typophiles |location=New York |pages=216–219 |url=https://archive.org/details/GoudyHalfCentury1946V2 |access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Carter">{{cite web |last=Carter |first=Matthew |title=Goudy, the good ol' boy (Bruckner biography review) |url=http://www.eyemagazine.com/review/article/goudy-the-good-ol-boy |website=Eye Magazine |access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Shaw on Goudy">{{cite web |last1=Shaw |first1=Paul |title=An appreciation of Frederic W. Goudy as a type designer |url=http://www.paulshawletterdesign.com/2014/03/an-appreciation-of-frederic-w-goudy-as-a-type-designer/ |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="A Bull in the Typography Shop">{{cite news |last1=Updike |first1=John |author-link=John Updike |title=A Bull in the Typography Shop: a review of ''Frederic Goudy'' by D.J.R. Bruckner |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/16/books/a-bull-in-the-typography-shop.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=16 December 1990 |access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref>

University of California Press joined the [[Association of American Publishers]] trade organization in the [[Hachette v. Internet Archive]] lawsuit which resulted in the removal of access to over 500,000 books from global readers.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://help.archive.org/help/why-are-so-many-books-listed-as-borrow-unavailable-at-the-internet-archive/ | title=Why are so many books listed as "Borrow Unavailable" at the Internet Archive – Internet Archive Help Center }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://publishers.org/who-we-are/our-members/ | title=Our Members - AAP | date=26 September 2019 }}</ref>

== Notable books ==
*''[[Language as Symbolic Action]]'', [[Kenneth Burke]] (1966)
*''[[The Teachings of Don Juan|The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge]]'', [[Carlos Castaneda]] (1968)
*''Technicians of the Sacred: A Range of Poetries from Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania'', Jerome Rothenberg (1968; 50th anniversary edition 2017)
*''[[The Mysterious Stranger]]'', [[Mark Twain]] (definitive edition) (1969, based on work first published in 1916)
*''[[Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution]]'' (1969)
*''[[The Making of a Counter Culture]],'' Theodore Roszak (1970)
*''[[Self-Consuming Artifacts|Self-Consuming Artifacts: The Experience of Seventeenth-Century Literature]]'', [[Stanley Fish]] (1972)
*''[[The Ancient Economy (book)|The Ancient Economy]]'', [[Moses I. Finley]] (1973)
*''[[Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism]]'', [[Marina Warner]] (1981)
*''Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education'', Nel Noddings (1984, 2nd edition 2003)
*''[[Strong Democracy|Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age]]'', [[Benjamin R. Barber]] (1984)
*''[[Art in the San Francisco Bay Area (book)|Art in the San Francisco Bay Area]]'', Thomas Albright (1985)
*''[[Religious Experience (book)|Religious Experience]]'', [[Wayne Proudfoot]] (1985)
*''[[Perfecting Women]]'', Barbara D. Metcalf (1992)
*''[[The War Within: America's Battle over Vietnam]]'', Tom Wells (1994)
*''[[A Little Yes and a Big No|George Grosz: An Autobiography]]'', [[George Grosz]] (translated by Nora Hodges) (published 1998, written in 1946, translated in 1955)
*''[[Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy]]'', [[Kevin Bales]] (1999)
*''[[Mama Lola|Mama Lola: A Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn]]'', [[Karen McCarthy Brown]] (2001)
*''[[A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America]]'', [[Michael Barkun]] (2003)
*''[[Beyond Chutzpah|Beyond Chutzpah: On the Misuse of Anti-Semitism and the Abuse of History]]'', [[Norman G. Finkelstein]] (2005)
*''[[Autobiography of Mark Twain]]: Volume One'', [[Mark Twain]] (2010)
*''[[Revival from Below]]'', Brannon D. Ingram (2018)
*''[[Overcoming Bias Habits]]'', [[William T. L. Cox]] (2026)

== Open access (OA) programs at UC Press ==
; Collabra (journals)
Collabra is University of California Press's open access journal program. The Collabra program currently publishes two open access journals, ''Collabra: Psychology ''and'' Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene'', with plans for continued expansion and journal acquisition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.collabra.org/|title=Collabra: Psychology|website=www.collabra.org}}</ref>

; Luminos (monographs)
Luminos is University of California Press's open access response to the challenged monograph landscape. With the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as its traditional book publishing program, Luminos is a transformative model, built as a partnership where costs and benefits are shared.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.luminosoa.org/|title=University of California Press|website=www.luminosoa.org}}</ref>

; UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004
The UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004, of which, more than 700 of the almost 2,000 books of topics, including art, science, history, music, religion, and fiction, are available to the public. Access to the entire collection of electronic books is open to all University of California faculty, staff, and students.<ref>{{cite web |title=UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004 |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/ |website=publishing.cdlib.org |access-date=1 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Public Titles Only - UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004: Browse |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/search?facet=subject;rights=Public |website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref>

{{anchor|Boom California}}
;BOOM California
''BOOM California'' is a free refereed online publication of the University of California Press.<ref name="boomcalifornia/about">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://boomcalifornia.org/about/ |website=Boom California |access-date=11 November 2025 |date=6 September 2016}}</ref>

== Notable series ==
The University of California Press re-printed a number of novels under the ''California Fiction'' series from 1996 to 2001. These titles were selected for their literary merit and for their illumination of California history and culture.<ref>{{cite book |last1=See |first1=Carolyn |title=Golden Days |date=1996 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=0520206738}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=California Fiction |url=http://www.ucpress.edu/series.php?ser=cf&s=pd&o=desc&r=10&page=1 |website=University of California Press |access-date=14 October 2015}}</ref>
*''The Ford'' by [[Mary Hunter Austin|Mary Austin]]
*''Thieves' Market'' by [[A.I. Bezzerides]]
*''Disobedience'' by Michael Drinkard
*''Words of My Roaring'' by Ernest J. Finney
*''Skin Deep'' by [[Guy Garcia]]
*''Fat City'' by Leonard Gardiner
*''Chez Chance'' by Jay Gummerman
*''Continental Drift'' by [[James D. Houston]]
*''The Vineyard'' by [[Idwal Jones (academic)|Idwal Jones]]
*''In the Heart of the Valley of Love'' by [[Cynthia Kadohata]]
*''[[Always Coming Home]]'' by [[Ursula K. Le Guin]]
*''[[The Valley of the Moon (novel)|The Valley of the Moon]]'' by [[Jack London]]
*''Home and Away'' by [[Joanne Meschery]]
*''Bright Web in the Darkness'' by [[Alexander Saxton]]
*''Golden Days'' by [[Carolyn See]]
*''[[Oil!]]'' by [[Upton Sinclair]]
*''Understand This'' by [[Jervey Tervalon]]
*''Ghost Woman'' by [[Lawrence Thornton]]
*''Who Is Angelina?'' by [[Al Young]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Literature|California}}
* [[List of English-language book publishing companies]]
* [[List of university presses]]
* [[California Digital Library]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

{{refbegin}}

* {{Cite journal |last1=Hitchcock |first1=Joanna |title=Review of The University of California Press: The Early Years, 1893-1953 |journal=Libraries & Culture |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=124–126 |date=1995 |issn=0894-8631 |jstor=25542734 |df=mdy-all }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Muto |first1=Albert |title=A Voice from the Wilderness: The Early University of California Press |journal=California History |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=222–233 |date=1993 |doi=10.2307/25177358 |issn=0162-2897 |jstor=25177358 |df=mdy-all }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Pascal |first1=Naomi B. |title=Review of The University of California Press: The Early Years, 1893-1953 |journal=The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=486–487 |date=1994 |doi=10.1086/602743 |issn=0024-2519 |jstor=4308988 |df=mdy-all }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Withey |first1=Lynne |last2=Orsi |first2=Richard |title=Milestones of California History: The University of California Press: A Century of Publishing |journal=California History |volume=72 |issue=3 |date=1993 |doi=10.2307/25177357 |issn=0162-2897 |jstor=25177357 |df=mdy-all }}

{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|https://www.ucpress.edu}}
* Frugé, August. ''[https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2c6004mb;chunk.id=0;doc.view=print A Skeptic Among Scholars: August Frugé on University Publishing]''. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1993 1993.
* [http://www.cdlib.org/ California Digital Library (CDL)] – University of California Libraries
* [http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/search?facet=subject;rights=Public Free Online - UC Press E-Books Collection]
* [http://www.marktwainproject.org/ Mark Twain Project Online]
* "[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/20/books/20twain.html?pagewanted=all Mark Twain's Biography Flying Off the Shelves]", ''The New York Times'', Nov. 19, 2010

{{-}}
{{University of California|state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|Books|California}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:University of California Press| ]]
[[Category:1893 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Book publishing companies based in California]]
[[Category:Publishing companies based in Berkeley, California]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 1893]]
[[Category:University of California|Press]]
[[Category:University presses of the United States|California]]

Sahher Bambba

2026-04-21T19:25:40Z

ScarlettFlannaga: started new stub

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sahher Bambba
| image = Sahher Bambba snapped promoting 'The Bads Of Bollywood' in 2025 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Bambba in 2025
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|September 2, 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2025 |title=Who is Sahher Bambba? Know all about the Bads of Bollywood actor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/sahher-bambba-bads-of-bollywood-aryan-khan-directorial-debut-netflix-2773047-2025-08-18 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Muskan |title=Meet Sahher Bambba, GenZ rising star, set to appear in Aryan Khan's The Bads of Bollywood |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-meet-sahher-bambba-genz-rising-star-set-to-appear-in-aryan-khan-s-the-bads-of-bollywood-3176901 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
| occupation = Actress
| alma_mater = [[Jai Hind College]]
| father = Sunil Bamboo
| mother = Shilpa Bamboo
| spouse =
| yearsactive = 2019–present
| children =
}}

'''Sahher Bambba''' (born 1990) is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films and series.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Trisha |date=August 19, 2025 |title=Who is Sahher Bambba? Know all about the rising star in Aryan Khan's ‘The Bads of Bollywood’ |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/who-is-sahher-bambba-know-all-about-the-rising-star-in-aryan-khans-the-bads-of-bollywood-11755551330363.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Bambba made her acting debut with the romantic drama ''[[Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sahher Bambba makes her debut opposite Karan Deol in Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/bollywood/sahher-bambba-makes-her-debut-opposite-karan-deol-in-pal-pal-dil-ke-paas/cid/1702612 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213123249/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/bollywood/sahher-bambba-makes-her-debut-opposite-karan-deol-in-pal-pal-dil-ke-paas/cid/1702612 |archive-date=2023-12-13 |access-date=2025-09-09 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=openingdoorz |date=October 1, 2019 |title=Bollywood actor Sahher Bambba: Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas! |url=http://openingdoorz.com/sahher-bambba-bollywood-actor/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Opening Doorz |language=en-US}}</ref> Bambba has since played [[Maham Begum]] in the historical drama ''[[The Empire (Indian TV series)|The Empire]]'' (2021) and the leading lady in the comedy drama ''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2025 |title=Who is 26-year-old actress Sahher Bambba? Meet Aryan Khan's series Ba***ds of Bollywood's leading lady and has worked with Emraan Hashmi |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/cinema/who-is-26-year-old-actress-sahher-bambba-meet-aryan-khans-series-bads-of-bollywoods-leading-lady-and-has-worked-with-emraan-hashmi-1395727 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Bambba was born and brought up in [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]. She is a trained dancer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2025 |title=Who Is Sahher Bambba? All About The Lead Actress In Aryan Khan's ‘The Ba***ds of Bollywood’ |url=https://www.idiva.com/entertainment/bollywood/all-about-sahher-bambba-in-aryan-khans-the-bads-of-bollywood/18093271 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=iDiva |language=en-IN}}</ref> She completed her schooling from Shimla and moved to [[Mumbai]] to pursue her bachelor degree from [[Jai Hind College]]. She completed her master's degree in Journalism from [[Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism and Communication]].{{cn|date=January 2026}}

== Career ==
Bambba made her acting debut in 2019 with the film ''[[Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas]]'' opposite Karan Deol. She played a vlogger who falls in love with a trekking company owner.<ref name="B">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/revealed-saher-bamba-play-lead-opposite-sunny-deols-son-karan/|title=REVEALED: Sahher Bambba to play the lead opposite Sunny Deol's son Karan – Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=6 March 2017|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=27 August 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> The film emerged a box office bomb.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-box-office-collection-day-6-karan-deol-s-debut-film-sinks-without-trace-total-rs-6-07-cr/495616 |title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas box office collection Day 6: Karan Deol's debut film sinks without trace, total Rs 8.07 cr|website=Times Now|access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref> Monika Rawal Kukreja praised her chemistry with Deol and noted, "Bambba’s confidence level is soaring high in the film. She’s modern and glamorous and knows how to leave a mark. Comfortable in the character she plays, this debutante doesn’t seem that she’s struggling hard to make her presence felt." Her performance earned her nomination for [[Screen Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-movie-review-debutants-karan-deol-sahher-bambba-bring-freshness-onscreen/story-NfC68v9cbCkZvqi1zTvRhI.html|title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas movie review: Debutants Karan Deol, Sahher Bambba bring freshness onscreen|website=Hindustan Times|first=Monika|last=Rawal Kukreja|date=20 September 2019|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref>

Bambba expanded to web in 2021 with two releases. She first played [[Maham Begum]], Mughal emperor [[Babur]]'s chief consort opposite [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]] in ''[[The Empire (Indian TV series)|The Empire]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1002295/in-mughal-dynasty-based-show-the-empire-women-have-the-remote-controls|title = In Mughal dynasty-based show 'The Empire', 'women have the remote controls'| date=27 August 2021 |work=Scroll.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Ramachandran | first1=Naman | title=Disney Plus Hotstar Reveals First Trailer for Moghul Era Epic Series 'The Empire' (EXCLUSIVE) | website=Variety | date=2021-08-07 | url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/asia/the-empire-trailer-disney-plus-hotstar-babur-empire-of-the-moghuls-alex-rutherford-1235036373/ | access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref> Pradeep Menon of ''[[Firstpost]]'' found her performance "impressive".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-27|title=The Empire review: Full marks for ambition, yet familiar clichés abound|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-empire-review-full-marks-for-ambition-yet-familiar-cliches-abound-9916601.html|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Firstpost}}</ref> She then appeared in ''[[Dil Bekaraar]]'',based on [[Anuja Chauhan]]'s ''Those Pricey Thakur Girls''. She played a newsreader opposite [[Akshay Oberoi]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Sampada|title=Dil Bekaraar first impression: Disney Plus Hotstar series stays true to Anuja Chauhan's novel|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/dil-bekaraar-review-first-impression-those-pricey-thakur-girls-disney-plus-hotstar-7642376/|url-status=live|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=26 November 2021 |language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126101632/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/dil-bekaraar-review-first-impression-those-pricey-thakur-girls-disney-plus-hotstar-7642376/ |archive-date=26 November 2021 }}</ref> Nandini Ramnath was appreciative of her and Oberoi's "convincing" chemistry.<ref>{{cite web|date=|title='Dil Bekaraar' review: Romance and frivolity in 1980s India|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1011326/dil-bekaraar-review-romance-and-frivolity-in-1980s-india|url-status=live|website=[[Scroll.in]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126073808/https://scroll.in/reel/1011326/dil-bekaraar-review-romance-and-frivolity-in-1980s-india |archive-date=26 November 2021 }}</ref> Following a three year hiatus, Bambba played a woman facing unplanned pregnancy opposite [[Meezaan Jafri]], in the 2024 film ''[[The Miranda Brothers]]''. It had a digital release and opened to mixed to negative reviews.<ref>{{cite web | last=Niyogi | first=Agnivo | title=Do Patti to The Miranda Brothers: New films and web series releasing on OTT this week | website=Telegraph India | date=22 October 2024 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/do-patti-to-the-miranda-brothers-new-films-and-web-series-releasing-on-ott-this-week/cid/2057449}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Gahlot | first=Deepa | title=The Miranda Brothers Review: Damp Squib | website=Rediff | date=25 October 2024 | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/the-miranda-brothers-review/20241025.htm}}</ref>

Bambba had her career breakthrough in 2025 with ''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]'', a series that marked [[Aryan Khan]]'s directorial debut. She played an actress opposite [[Lakshya Lalwani]]. Sahir Avik D'souza of ''[[The Quint]]'' took note of her "confidence and standout performance" but added that she was almost overshadowed by other actors around her.<ref>{{Cite web |last=D’souza |first=Sahir Avik |date=2025-09-18 |title=Aryan Khan's 'The Ba***ds of Bollywood', is Outrageous, and Outrageously Fun |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/the-bads-of-bollywood-review-aryan-khan-shah-rukh-khan-karan-johar-netflix#read-more |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=The Quint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas]]''
| Sahher Sethi Sehgal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2022 |title=Sahher Bambba: After my debut film Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas, people told me not to venture into web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sahher-bambba-after-my-debut-film-pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-people-told-me-not-to-venture-into-web-101648148835418.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[The Miranda Brothers]]''
| Sol
|
|<ref>{{cite web | last=Hungama | first=Bollywood | title=EXCLUSIVE: Fardeen Khan-Riteish Deshmukh starrer Visfot and Harshvardhan Rane-starrer The Miranda Brothers to release directly on JioCinema : Bollywood News | website=Bollywood Hungama | date=14 June 2024 | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-fardeen-khan-riteish-deshmukh-starrer-visfot-harshvardhan-rane-starrer-miranda-brothers-release-directly-jio-cinema/}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2021
| ''[[The Empire (Indian TV series)|The Empire]]''
| Maham Begum
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2021 |title=The Empire review: Kunal Kapoor, Shabana Azmi period saga is no Game of Thrones, but it sticks to its guns |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-empire-review-hotstar-shabana-azmi-kunal-kapoor-period-saga-is-no-game-of-thrones-7472468/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dil Bekaraar]]''
| Debjani Thakur
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=VERMA |first=SUKANYA |title=Dil Bekaraar review |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/dil-bekaraar-review/20211126.htm |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]''
| Karishma Talwar
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bollywood Like You’ve Never Seen Before: Netflix Launches Eagerly Anticipated Trailer for ‘The Ba***ds Of Bollywood’ |url=https://about.netflix.com/news/bads-of-bollywood-trailer-on-netflix |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=About Netflix |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music video appearances===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Co-star
! Singer
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2022
| "Ishq Nahi Karte"
| [[Emraan Hashmi]]
| [[B Praak]]
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=March 24, 2022 |title=Emraan Hashmi and B Praak's new song 'Ishq Nahi Karte' unveiled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/emraan-hashmi-and-b-praaks-new-song-ishq-nahi-karte-unveiled/articleshow/90423417.cms |access-date=2025-09-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|"Kamaal Hai"
| colspan="2" |[[King (singer)|King]]
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=November 21, 2025 |title=Indian Pop Star King, Warner Music Unveil High-Energy Video for ‘Kamaal Hai,’ First Taste of Sixth Studio Album |url=https://variety.com/2025/music/news/indian-pop-star-king-warner-music-single-kamaal-hai-1236587680/ |access-date=December 29, 2025 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|2019
|[[26th Screen Awards|Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|''[[Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=26th Star Screen Awards {{!}} 2019 : Full show and winners|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/star-screen-awards/7050 |access-date=16 November 2021 |website=Disney+ Hotstar |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|10487266}}
*{{Instagram|sahherbambba}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama person}}
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Sahher Bambba
|d = yes
|d-search = Q67287509
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
|portal3 = Films
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bambba, Sahher}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Himachal Pradesh]]

Shah Mir dynasty

2026-04-19T18:41:02Z

ScarlettFlannaga: started new page!

{{Short description|Muslim dynasty of Kashmir (1339–1561)}}
{{See also|Kashmir Sultanate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox family
| name = Shah Mir dynasty
| coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms_size =
| coat_of_arms_caption =
| country = [[Kashmir Sultanate]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1339|7|4|df=y}}
| founder = [[Shah Mir]]
| final_ruler = [[Habib Shah]]
| traditions = [[Culture of Kashmir|Kashmiri]], [[Persian Culture|Persian]], [[Culture of Islam|Islamic]]
| titles = {{Collapsible list|[[Sultan|Sultan‐i-Kashmir]]|[[Shah]]|[[Padishah]]|[[Sultan|Sultan al-Az'am]]|[[Zayn al-Abidin the Great|Budshah]]|[[Amir al-Mu'minin|Na'ib Amir al-Mu'minin]]|[[Ghazi (warrior)|Ghazi]]|[[Khan (title)|Khan]]|[[Malik]]|[[Amir al-umara]]|[[Mirza (name)|Mirza]]|[[Khan (title)|Khan-i-Zaman]]}}
| deposition = {{End date|1561}}
| dissolution = {{End date|1561}}
| etymology = Shah Mir (founder)
| image = Blood Flag.svg
| image_caption = [[List of royal standards|Royal Standard]]
| styles = [[Sultan]]
| cadet branches =
}}

The '''Shah Mir dynasty''' (or the '''House of Shah Mir''') ruled the [[Kashmir Sultanate]] in the northern [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>
{{citation |last=Sharma |first=R. S. |author-link=Ram Sharan Sharma |title=A Comprehensive History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucQKAQAAIAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Orient Longmans |isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 |page=628}}
</ref> The dynasty is named after its founder, [[Shah Mir]].

==Origins==
Modern scholarship differ on the origin of Shah Mir. However, modern historians generally accept that Shah Mir was from [[Sultanate of Swat|Swat]] in [[Dardistan]].<ref name=Schimmel/><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wani |first1=Muhammad Ashraf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgymEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT255 |title=The Making of Early Kashmir: Intercultural Networks and Identity Formation |last2=Wani |first2=Aman Ashraf |date=2023-02-22 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-83655-4 |pages=225 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Balrafiq/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Jamal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAT1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157 |title=Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition |date=2020-04-06 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-42271-1 |pages=157 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Holt |first1=Peter Malcolm |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y99jTbxNbSAC&pg=PA25 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |last2=Lambton |first2=Ann K. S. |last3=Lewis |first3=Bernard |date=1970 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29137-8 |pages=25 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Markovits |first=Claude |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2OKvG5wbaAC&pg=PA40 |title=A History of Modern India, 1480-1950 |date=2004-09-24 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-152-2 |pages=40 |language=en}}</ref> Some accounts trace his descent from the [[Sultanate of Swat|rulers of Swāt]].{{efn|The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam.<ref>{{citation |last=Gull |first=Surayia |title=Mir Saiyid Ali Hamadani And Kubraviya Sufi Order In Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldvXAAAAMAAJ |date=2003 |publisher=Kanikshka Publishers, Distributors |isbn=978-81-7391-581-9 |page=3}}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Saligram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&pg=PA108 |title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace: Proceedings of National Seminar by Kashmir Education Culture & Science Society (K.E.C.S.S.), New Delhi |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0402-0 |pages=108 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC&pg=PA42 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |isbn=978-81-87879-49-7 |pages=42 |language=en}}</ref>

Some scholars state that Shah Mir arrived from the Panjgabbar valley (Panchagahvara),<ref>{{citation |last=Sharma |first=R. S. |author-link=Ram Sharan Sharma |title=A Comprehensive History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucQKAQAAIAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Orient Longmans |isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 |page=628 |quote="Jonaraja records two events of Suhadeva's reign (1301-20), which were of far-reaching importance and virtually changed the course of the history of Kashmir. The first was the arrival of Shah Mir in 1313. He was a Muslim condottiere from the border of Panchagahvara, an area situated to the south of the Divasar pargana in the valley of river Ans, a tributary of the Chenab."}}</ref> which was populated by Khasa people, and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir.<ref>{{citation |last=Wani |first=Nizam-ud-Din |title=Muslim rule in Kashmir, 1554 A.D. to 1586 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ikpuAAAAMAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=Jay Kay Book House |page=29 |quote="Shamir was a Khasa by birth and descended from the chiefs of Panchagahvara."}}</ref><ref name=Zutshi>{{citation |last=Zutshi |first=N. K. |title=Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir: an age of enlightenment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AzluAAAAMAAJ |year=1976 |publisher=Nupur Prakashan |page=7 |quote="This area in which Panchagahvara was situated is mentioned as having been the place of habitation of the Khasa tribe. Shah Mir was, therefore, a ''Khasa'' by birth. This conclusion is further strengthened by references to the part of the Khasas increasingly played in the politics of Kashmir with which their connections became intimate after the occupation of Kashmir.}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wani |first1=Nizam-ud-Din |title=Muslim Rule in Kashmir, 1554 A.D. to 1586 A.D. |date=1987 |publisher=Jay Kay Book House |page=29 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Muslim_Rule_in_Kashmir_1554_A_D_to_1586/ikpuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=shah+mir+khasa&dq=shah+mir+khasa&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kapur |first1=Manohar Lal |title=A History of Medieval Kashmir, 1320-1586 A.D. |date=1971 |publisher=A.R.B. Publications; sole distributors: Sterling Publishers, New Delhi |page=22 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_History_of_Medieval_Kashmir_1320_1586/S2w8AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=shah+mir+khasa&dq=shah+mir+khasa&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Zutshi |first1=N. K. |title=Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir: An Age of Enlightenment |date=1976 |publisher=Nupur Prakashan |page=7 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Sultan_Zain_ul_Abidin_of_Kashmir/AzluAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=shah+mir+khasa&dq=shah+mir+khasa&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'' (second edition) suggests a possible Turkish origins.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Lewis |editor2=Pellat |editor3=E.J. van Donzel |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=IV (Iran-Kha) |date=1998-05-28 |url=https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/1483 |access-date=2023-12-14 |publisher=Brill |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-05745-6|p=708|quote=But her authority was challenged by Shah Mir, a soldier of fortune, who was most probably of Turkish origin.}}</ref> [[Andre Wink]] puts forward the opinion that Shah Mir was possibly of Afghan, Qarauna Turk, or even Tibetan origin,<ref>{{citation |last=Wink |first=André |title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C |date=2004 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-13561-8|page=140|quote=The first Muslim dynasty of Kashmir was founded in 1324 by Shah Mìrzà, who was probably an Afghan warrior from Swat or a Qarauna Turk, possibly even a Tibetan ...}}</ref> while A.Q. Rafiqi believes that Shah Mir was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat.<ref name=Balrafiq>{{cite book |last1=Baloch |first1=N. A. |last2=Rafiq |first2=A. Q. |date=1998 |chapter=The regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan and Kashmir: the historical, social and economic setting |pages=293–318 |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia |volume=IV |publisher=Unesco |isbn=923103467-7|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVa%20silk%20road_the%20regions%20of%20sind,%20baluchistan,%20multan%20and%20kashmir.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028131445/https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVa%20silk%20road_the%20regions%20of%20sind,%20baluchistan,%20multan%20and%20kashmir.pdf |archive-date=28 October 2016}}</ref>{{rp|311–312}}

Older sources by contemporary [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] historians, such as [[Jonaraja]], state that Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha ([[Arjuna]]) of the ancient Sanskrit epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. [[Abul Fazl|Abu ’l-Fadl Allami]], [[Nizamuddin Auliya|Nizam al-Din]] and [[Firishta]], also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's [[Rajatarangini]], which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada’uni translated into Persian at [[Akbar]]'s orders. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate.<ref name=Balrafiq/> Based on this tradition, Aziz Ahmad considers it more probable that Shah Mir was a descendant of a convert from Hinduism only a few generation earlier, probably by a [[Sufism|Sufi]] mystic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Aziz |date=1979 |title=Conversions to Islam in the Valley of Kashmir |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41927246 |journal=Central Asiatic Journal |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag]] |volume=23 |issue=1/2 |pages=3–18 |issn=0008-9192 |quote=Shāh Mir was probably a descendant of a convert from Hinduism only a few generations earlier, probably by some Sūfī or dervish of a 'little tradition.' His apocryphal ancestry as a descendant of the Pāndūs is mentioned by the Indian historians of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.}}</ref>
[[File:Kashmir under sultans.png|thumb|Modern map of Sultanate of Kashmir]]

==History==
===Shah Mir===
{{main|Shah Mir}}
A. Q. Rafiqi states:
{{blockquote|Shah Mir arrived in Kashmir in 1313 along with his family, during the reign of Suhadeva (1301–1320), whose service he entered. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time.<ref name=Balrafiq/>}}
[[Annemarie Schimmel]] has suggested that Shah Mir belonged to a family from Swat which accompanied the sage [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]] and were associated to the [[Kubrawiya]], a Sufi group in Kashmir.<ref name=Schimmel>{{cite book|last=Schimmel|first=Annemarie|title=Islam in the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYImm1TnemwC|access-date=2014-11-10|year=1980|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-06117-7 |page=44}}</ref> He worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially [[Sikandar Butshikan]]. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession.<ref name="history.world-citizenship.org">[http://history.world-citizenship.org/baharistan-i-shahi-chapter-3-early-shahmirs Baharistan-i-Shahi – Chapter 3 – EARLY SHAHMIRS]</ref>

===Jamshid===
{{Main|Jamshid Shah Miri}}
[[File:Jamia Masjid in Winter 2019.jpg|thumb|[[Jamia Masjid, Srinagar|Jamia Masjid of Srinagar]]. It was built in 1394 CE by ruler [[Sikandar Shah Miri]].<ref>[[:File:Plaque_of_Jamia_Masjid.jpg|Local notice]]</ref>]]
[[File:Islamic Sultanates. Kashmir. AR Sasnu (6.26 g). Kashmir mint. Fixed date AH 842 on reverse.jpg|thumb|Coin of the Islamic Sultanates of Kashmir. Fixed date AH 842 (1438 CE) on reverse. Kashmir mint.]]
Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE.<ref name="history.world-citizenship.org"/>

===Alau'd-Din===
{{Main|Alauddin Shah}}
Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din.<ref name="history.world-citizenship.org"/>

=== Shihabu'd-Din ===
{{Main|Shihabu'd-Din Shah}}
He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. Sultan Shihabu’d-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. But with a small army, he fought and defeated the whole army of Kashgar. After this battle, the regions of Ladakh and Baltistan which were under the rule of Kashgar came under the rule of Shah Miris.Sultan also marched towards Delhi and the army of Feroz Shah Tughlaq opposed him at the banks of River Sutlej. Since the [[Battle of Sutlej|battle]] was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=R. |title=Oxford Art Online |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t070476 |chapter=Qutb Shahi |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t070476 |isbn=9781884446054 }}</ref>
As a broad minded intellectual, [[Shihabu'd-Din Shah|Shihab'ud-Din]], in the first half of his tenure, took care of the Sultanate and brought stability to the social and integral structure of Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032666709 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2023-09-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-66670-9 |location=London |pages=49}}</ref> Full of animation and efficiency, Shihab'ud-Din set out to conquer its neighbour polities to expand and glorify his state. Marching through [[Baramulla]], he first occupied [[Pakhli]] and went on to add [[Swat District|Swat]] to his realm.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032666709 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2023-09-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-66670-9 |location=London |pages=50}}</ref> Next, he invaded the Khokhar dominated [[Pothohar Plateau|Pothohar]], which extended from [[Attock]] to [[Sialkot]]. His commander-in-chief (Mir Bakhshi), Malik Candra, on the other hand, subdued [[Jammu district|Jammu]], [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]], [[Chamba district|Chamba]], and other [[Hill States of India|hill states]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032666709 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2023-09-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-66670-9 |location=London |pages=51}}</ref> Occupying all the bordering states in the south, Shihab'ud-Din went on to defeat the [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] forces of [[Gilgit District|Gilgit]] and the hill states of the north. [[Baltistan]] under the [[Maqpon Dynasty|Maqpons]] and [[Ladakh]] under the [[Maryul]]s were, at that time, tributary states of [[Moghulistan]] and [[Phagmodrupa dynasty|Tibet]], respectively.<ref name=":5" /> Shihab'ud-Din, along with Malik Candra, faced the [[Balti people|Baltis]] and [[Kashgarian|Kashgaris]], defeating them easily and soundly.<ref name=":5" /> He then moved towards Ladakh, beating the joint forces of [[Ladakhis]] and Tibetis.<ref name=":5" /> After all these conquests, Shihab'ud-Din returned to Srinagar around 1370 and rather ought to live the rest of his life peacefully but just after some years, in 1373, he died due to a viral illness.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Jogesh Chunder |url=https://www.amazon.com/Rajatarangini-Jonaraja-Jogesh-Chunder-Dutt/dp/8121200377 |title=Rajatarangini of Jonaraja |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-0037-0 |location=New Dehli |pages=47–48 |language=English}}</ref>

Shihabu’d-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. A town named Shihabu’d-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

=== Qutubu'd-Din ===
{{Main|Qutbu'd-Din Shah}}
He was the next Sultan of Kashmir. The only significance of his rule is that the [[Sufi]] saint [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]] arrived at Kashmir in his reign. In 1380 C.E. Qutbud’din died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

=== Sikandar ===
{{Main|Sultan Sikandar}}
[[Sikandar Shah Miri|Sultan Sikandar]] (1389–1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty.
[[File:Mausoleum of Shah e Hamadan 01.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Khanqah-e-Moula]] on the banks of Jhelum river, built during reign of Sikandar Shah]]
Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Hasan|first=Mohibbul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC|title=Kashmīr Under the Sultāns|date=2005|publisher=Aakar Books|isbn=978-81-87879-49-7|location=|pages=59–95|language=en|author-link=Mohibbul Hasan}}</ref> Internal rebellions were ably suppressed.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite book|last=Slaje|first=Walter|url=https://www.academia.edu/42710523|title=Kingship in Kaśmīr (AD 1148‒1459) From the Pen of Jonarāja, Court Paṇḍit to Sulṭān Zayn al-'Ābidīn|publisher=|year=2014|isbn=978-3869770888|series=Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis - 7|location=Germany|pages=}}</ref> A welfare-state was installed — oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned.<ref name=":2" /> [[Waqf|''Waqfs'']] were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with [[Jagir|''jagirs'']] and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zutshi|first=Chitralekha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRj52qGJyM0C|title=Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir|publisher=Permanent Black|year=2003|isbn=978-81-7824-060-2|location=|pages=|language=en|chapter=Contested Identities in the Kashmir Valley}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9" /> Economic condition was decent.<ref name=":9" />

Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat — a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel — is particularly blamed for having instigated him.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Slaje |first=Walter |url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/title/543660 |title=Encountering Buddhism and Islam in Premodern Central and South Asia |date=2019-08-19 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-063168-5 |location= |pages=128–160 |language=en |chapter=Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rājataraṅgiṇī Authors |doi=10.1515/9783110631685-006 |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/book/9783110631685/10.1515/9783110631685-006.xml |s2cid=204477165}}</ref> Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry.<ref name=":52" /> His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Zutshi |first=Chitralekha |title=This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. It exposes its own biases instead |url=https://scroll.in/article/855050/this-book-claims-to-expose-the-myths-behind-kashmirs-history-it-exposes-its-own-biases-instead |access-date=2021-02-01 |website=Scroll.in |date=24 October 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite thesis |last=Obrock |first=Luther James |title=Translation and History: The Development of a Kashmiri Textual Tradition from ca. 1000–1500 |date=2015 |degree= |publisher=UC Berkeley |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68q7m3vv |doi=}}</ref><ref name=":82">{{Cite journal |last1=Salomon |first1=Richard |last2=Slaje |first2=Walter |date=2016 |title=Review of Kingship in Kaśmīr (AD1148–1459). From the Pen of Jonarāja, Court Paṇḍit to Sulṭān Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26546259 |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=393–401 |doi=10.1163/15728536-05903009 |jstor=26546259 |issn=0019-7246|url-access=subscription }}</ref> further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, at least in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Slaje |first=Walter |url=https://www.academia.edu/42709412 |title=Brahma's Curse : Facets of Political and Social Violence in Premodern Kashmir |publisher= |year=2019 |isbn=978-3-86977-199-1 |series=Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis - 13 |location= |pages=30–40 |chapter=What Does it Mean to Smash an Idol? Iconoclasm in Medieval Kashmir as Reflected by Contemporaneous Sanskrit Sources}}</ref> However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite book |last=Hamadani |first=Hakim Sameer |title=The Syncretic Traditions of Islamic Religious Architecture of Kashmir (Early 14th −18th Century) |publisher=Routledge |year=2021 |isbn=9781032189611 |pages=99–100 |quote=While medieval Muslim hagiographic and historical accounts may have exaggerated Sikander's destruction of non-Muslim religious sites in a classical representation of religious piety, the tendency of some writers in the twentieth century CE to shield the Sultan from these iconoclastic activities is not historically correct, especially given the evidence from the period coming from writers of different religious backgrounds.}}</ref>

Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah.<ref name=":92">{{Cite book|last=Slaje|first=Walter|url=https://www.academia.edu/42710523|title=Kingship in Kaśmīr (AD 1148‒1459) From the Pen of Jonarāja, Court Paṇḍit to Sulṭān Zayn al-'Ābidīn|publisher=|year=2014|isbn=978-3869770888|series=Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis - 7|location=Germany|pages=}}</ref>

===Ali Shah===
{{Main|Ali Shah Miri}}
He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420.<ref name=Hasanp70>{{cite book |first=Mohibbul |last=Hasan |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |location=Delhi |publisher=Aakar Books |edition=Reprinted |year=2005 |orig-year=1959 |page=70 |isbn=978-81-87879-49-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC |access-date=2011-08-03}}</ref> He was defeated by Sultan [[Zayn al-Abidin (sultan of Kashmir)|Zain-ul-Abidin]] at [[Thanamandi|Thanna]] with the help of [[Jasrath Khokhar]], a chieftain from [[Pothohar Plateau]]. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.<ref name=Hasanp70/>

===Zain-ul-Abidin===
{{Main|Zayn al-Abidin the Great}}
Zain-ul-Abidin was the eighth ''[[sultan]]'' of [[Kashmir]]. He was known by his subjects as ''Bod Shah or Budshah'' ({{Literal translation|Great King}})<ref>{{cite book |first=Mohibbul |last=Hasan |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |location=Delhi |publisher=Aakar Books |edition=Reprinted |year=2005 |orig-year=1959 |page=78 |isbn=978-81-87879-49-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC |access-date=2011-08-03}}</ref> and ruled from 1418 to 1470.

Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father's reign and allowed building of temples. [[Jizya]] was abolished too in his command. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. Zain-ul-Abidin revived Kashmir’s industries by inviting Persian and Central-Asian craftsmen who introduced [[Kashmir shawl|shawl-weaving]], [[Kashmiri rug|carpet-making]], silk, [[Kashmiri handicrafts|wood-carving]], and [[papier-mâché]] arts. He also promoted paper-making and bookbinding, transforming Kashmir into a centre of fine handicrafts and learning.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zayn-ul-ʿĀbidīn {{!}} Indian ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zayn-ul-Abidin |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> He launched major public-works and agricultural projects, digging canals such as the Zaingair, building bridges including [[Zaina Kadal]], and founding new settlements like [[Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir|Naushahr]] (Zainagir). These measures improved irrigation and communication across the valley.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1867 |title=Back Matter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25207445 |journal=The British Medical Journal |volume=2 |issue=344 |issn=0007-1447}}</ref> Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as [[Akbar]] of Kashmir and [[Shah Jahan|Shahjahan]] of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively.

===Haider Shah===
{{Main|Haider Shah Miri}}
Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haider Khan.<ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p.383</ref>

===Interruption by Haidar Dughlat===
[[File:Silver coin of Haidar Dughlat in name of Humayun.jpg|thumb|Silver ''sasnu'' issued during 1546–50 in Kashmir by [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat|Haidar Dughlat]], in the name of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Humayun]].]]
In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat]], a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir.<ref>Shahzad Bashir, ''Messianic Hopes and Mystical Visions: The Nurbakhshiya Between Medieval And Modern Islam'' (2003), p. 236.</ref> Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor.<ref>Stan Goron and J.P. Goenka: ''The Coins of the Indian Sultanates'', New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 2001, pp. 463–464.</ref> He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. He lies buried in the ''Gorstan e Shahi'' in [[Srinagar]].

== Architecture ==

Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include:

* [[Jamia Masjid, Srinagar|Jamia Masjid]] in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
* [[Khanqah-e-Moula]]h in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
* [[Aali Mosque|Aali Masjid]] in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
* Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
*[[Amburiq Mosque]] in Shigar, Gilgit-Baltistan
*[[Chaqchan Mosque]] in Khaplu, Gilgit-Baltistan

<gallery>
File:Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin.jpg|Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar
File:Jami Masjid courtyard (6133553291).jpg|The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. [[Hari Parbat]] is visible in the background.
File:Mausoleum of Shah e Hamadan 01.JPG| The Khanqah on the banks of Jhelum
File:Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab Shrine.jpg|A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard.
</gallery>

==Reign and successions==
[[File:Islamic Sultanates. Kashmir. Muhammad Shah.jpg|thumb|Coinage of Muhammad Shah ([[Reign|r.]] 1484 CE). Kashmir Sultanate.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:5%;"|No.
! style="width:14%;"|Titular Name
! style="width:20%;"|Birth Name
! style="width:25%;"|Reign
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 1 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Shamsu'd-Dīn Shāh شَمس اُلدِین شَاہ'''||style="text-align:center;"|[[Shah Mir|Shāh Mīr]] شَاہ مِیر||style="text-align:center;"| 1339 – 1342
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 2 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Jamshīd Shāh جَمشید شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Jamshid Shah Miri|Jamshīd]] جَمشید|| style="text-align:center;" | 1342 – 1342
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 3 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Alāu'd-Dīn Shāh عَلاؤ اُلدِین شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Alauddin Shah|Alī Shēr]] عَلی شیر|| style="text-align:center;" | 1343 – 1354
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 4 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Shihābu'd-Dīn Shāh شِہاب اُلدِین شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Sultan Shihab ud din|Shīrashāmak]] شِیراشَامَک|| style="text-align:center;" | 1354 – 1373
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 5 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Qutbu'd-Dīn Shāh قُتب اُلدِین شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Qutbu'd-Din Shah|Hindāl]] حِندَال
| style="text-align:center;" | 1373 – 1389
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 6 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Sikandar Shāh سِکَندَر شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Sikandar Butshikan|Shingara]] شِنگَرَہ || style="text-align:center;" | 1389 – 1412
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 7 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Alī Shāh عَلی شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Ali Shah Miri|Mīr Khān]] مِیر خَان || style="text-align:center;" | 1412 – 1418
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 8 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Zainu'l-'Ābidīn زین اُلعَابِدِین'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Zayn al-Abidin (sultan of Kashmir)|Shāhī Khān]] شَاہی خَان || style="text-align:center;" | 1418 – 1419
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 9 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Alī Shāh عَلی شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Ali Shah Miri|Mīr Khān]] مِیر خَان || style="text-align:center;" | 1419 – 1420
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 10 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Zainu'l-'Ābidīn زین اُلعَابِدِین'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Zayn al-Abidin (sultan of Kashmir)|Shāhī Khān]] شَاہی خَان || style="text-align:center;" | 1420 – 12 May 1470
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 11 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Haider Shāh حیدِر شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Haider Shah Miri|Hāji Khān]] حَاجِی خَان
| style="text-align:center;" | 12 May 1470 – 13 April 1472
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 12 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Hasan Shāh حَسَن شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Hasan Shah Miri|Hasan Khān]] حَسَن خَان
| style="text-align:center;" | 13 April 1472 – 19 April 1484
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 13 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Muhammad Shah Mir|Muhammad Khān]] مُحَمَد خَان || style="text-align:center;" | 19 April 1484 – 14 October 1486
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 14 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Fath Shah|Fatēh Khān]] فَتح خَان|| style="text-align:center;" | 14 October 1486 – July 1493
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 15 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Muhammad Shah Mir|Muhammad Khān]] مُحَمَد خَان || style="text-align:center;" | July 1493 – 1505
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 16 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Fath Shah|Fatēh Khān]] فَتح خَان || style="text-align:center;" | 1505 – 1514
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 17 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Muhammad Shah Mir|Muhammad Khān]] مُحَمَد خَان || style="text-align:center;" | 1514 – September 1515
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 18 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Fath Shah|Fatēh Khān]] فَتح خَان|| style="text-align:center;" | September 1515 – August 1517
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 19 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Muhammad Shah Mir|Muhammad Khān]] مُحَمَد خَان|| style="text-align:center;" | August 1517 – January 1528
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 20 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Ibrahīm Shāh اِبرَاہِیم شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | Ibrahīm Khān اِبرَاہِیم خَان
| style="text-align:center;" | January 1528 – April 1528
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 21 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Nāzuk Shāh نَازُک شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | Nādir Shāh نَادِر شَاہ
| style="text-align:center;" | April 1528 – June 1530
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 22 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | [[Muhammad Shah Mir|Muhammad Khān]] مُحَمَد خَان || style="text-align:center;" | June 1530 – July 1537
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 23 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Shamsu'd-Dīn Shāh II شَمس اُلدِین شَاہ دوم'''|| style="text-align:center;" | Shamsu'd-Dīn شَمس اُلدِین
| style="text-align:center;" | July 1537 – 1540
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 24 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Ismaīl Shāh اِسمَاعِیل شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | Ismaīl Khān اِسمَاعِیل خَان
| style="text-align:center;" | 1540 – December 1540
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|25 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Nāzuk Shāh نَازُک شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | Nādir Shāh نَادِر شَاہ
| style="text-align:center;" | December 1540 – December 1552
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 26 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Ibrahīm Shāh اِبرَاہِیم شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | Ibrahīm Khān اِبرَاہِیم خَان
| style="text-align:center;" | December 1552 – 1555
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 27 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Ismaīl Shāh اِسمَاعِیل شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | Ismaīl Khān اِسمَاعِیل خَان
| style="text-align:center;" | 1555 – 1557
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 28 ||style="text-align:center;"|'''Habīb Shāh حَبِیب شَاہ'''|| style="text-align:center;" | Habīb Khān حَبِیب خَان
| style="text-align:center;" | 1557 – 1561
|-
|}<ref>{{cite book |first=Mohibbul |last=Hasan |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |location=Delhi |publisher=Aakar Books |edition=Reprinted |year=2005 |orig-year=1959 |page=325|isbn=978-81-87879-49-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC |access-date=2013-01-17}}</ref>
''Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://coinindia.com/galleries-kashmirsultans.html |title = The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir}}</ref>

==See also==
{{History of Kashmir}}
* [[Sikandar Butshikan]]
* [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]]
* [[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]
* [[List of Monarchs of Kashmir]]
* [[Mir (clan)]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120811170123/http://www.kashmir-information.com/Baharistan/index.html Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir]

[[Category:Shah Mir dynasty| ]]
[[Category:Dynasties of Kashmir]]
[[Category:1339 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:1561 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Sunni dynasties]]
[[Category:Kashmir Sultanate]]

Northern Angami II Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:32:52Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New stub - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Northern Angami II Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Northern Angami II
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| district = [[Kohima district|Kohima]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| established = 1964
| constituency_no = 11
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Neiphiu Rio]] {{Small|[[Chief Minister of Nagaland]]}}
| incumbent_image =
|party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:21840}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
| type = SLA
}}
'''Northern Angami II''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=NAGALAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[Kohima district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It is also part of [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/northern-angami-ii.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Northern Angami-II Assembly Constituency]</ref> [[Neiphiu Rio]], the incumbent [[Chief Minister of Nagaland]], is the current MLA of this constituency.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
!colspan=2| Party
|-
|1964
|Lhousuohie
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|1966{{Efn|by-election}}
|rowspan=3|K . Vitsore Keditsu
|-
|1969
|{{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)|rowspan=4}}
|-
|1974
|-
|1977
|rowspan=2|Chupfuo
|-
|1982
|-
|1987
|K . Vitsore Keditsu
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|1989
|rowspan=6|[[Neiphiu Rio]]
|-
|1993
|-
|1998
|-
|2003
|{{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front|rowspan=4}}
|-
|2008
|-
|2013
|-
|2014{{Efn|by-election}}
|Neiphrezo Keditsu<ref name=byElections2014/>
|-
|[[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|rowspan=2|[[Neiphiu Rio]]<ref name=election2018/><ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/nagaland/nagaland-assembly-elections-2018-neiphiu-rio-elected-unopposed-before-polls-5061555/ Nagaland Assembly elections 2018: Neiphiu Rio elected unopposed before polls]</ref><ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/columnists/120218/northeast-polls-its-advantage-bjp.html Northeast polls: It's advantage BJP]</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II<ref name=election2023>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=17,045 |percentage=92.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Seyievilie Sachu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,221 |percentage=6.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=87 |percentage=0.47% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,824 |percentage=86.22% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,353 |percentage=84.03% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,840 |change =3.97% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,006 |change =11.25% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 Assembly by-election ===
This by-election was needed due to the resignation of the sitting MLA, [[Neiphiu Rio]] following his election to the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states//article60383010.ece |title=Nagaland CM Neiphiu Rio resigns along with his Council of Ministers |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=23 May 2016 |agency=PTI |access-date= 24 February 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 elections in India#Nagaland|By-election 2014]]: Northern Angami II<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Candidate Affidavits - STATE NAME: S17-Nagaland - AC NAME: 11-Northern Angami-II|url=https://affidavitarchive.eci.nic.in/CANDIDATEAFFIDAVIT.aspx?YEARID=October-2014%20(%20BYE%20)&AC_No=11&st_code=S17&constType=AC}}</ref><ref name=byElections2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/2014/Bye%20Election%20LA%202014.xls |title=Details of Assembly By-Elections 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Neiphrezo Keditsu |party=Naga People's Front |votes=9,909 |percentage=59.08% |change=-26.22% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Visasolie Lhoungu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,864 |percentage=40.92% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,045 |percentage=18.15% |change=-52.46% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,773 |percentage=89.27% |change= -5.17% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,882 |change =-1.08% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -26.22% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=15,305 |percentage=85.30% |change=1.68% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kevise Sogotsu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,634 |percentage=14.68% |change=-2.97% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,671 |percentage=70.62% |change=4.66% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,943 |percentage=94.00% |change= 10.59% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,089 |change =-3.62% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 1.68% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=13,641 |percentage=83.62% |change=16.02% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sevetso |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,880 |percentage=17.65% |change=-8.44% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,761 |percentage=65.96% |change=24.46% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,314 |percentage=83.41% |change= 83.41% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,807 |change =17.97% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=9,882 |percentage=67.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zakio Metha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,815 |percentage=26.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sopu Angami |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=565 |percentage=3.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chupfuo |party=Independent politician |votes=357 |percentage=2.44% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,067 |percentage=41.50% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,619 |percentage=87.07% |change= 87.07% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,790 |change =10.91% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Indian National Congress }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,138 |change =16.82% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,411 |percentage=45.17% |change=-6.63% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sopu Angami |party=Independent politician |votes=4,311 |percentage=35.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ketholelie |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,258 |percentage=18.85% |change=-29.35% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,100 |percentage=9.18% |change=5.59% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,980 |percentage=94.13% |change= 6.72% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,958 |change =32.29% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -6.63% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1989 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,366 |percentage=51.80% |change=33.86% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chupfuo |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,063 |percentage=48.20% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=303 |percentage=3.59% |change=2.64% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,429 |percentage=87.41% |change= -3.41% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,795 |change =-0.10% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 28.91% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1987 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Keditsu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,012 |percentage=22.88% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Neiphiu Rio]] |party=Independent politician |votes=1,928 |percentage=21.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chupfuo |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=1,848 |percentage=21.02% |change=-10.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sopu Angami |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,577 |percentage=17.94% |change=-1.30% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Luozolie |party=Independent politician |votes=1,427 |percentage=16.23% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=84 |percentage=0.96% |change=-0.76% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,792 |percentage=90.82% |change= 12.51% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,805 |change =-9.86% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Naga National Democratic Party |swing= -8.30% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1982 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chupfuo |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=2,620 |percentage=31.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Keditsu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,476 |percentage=29.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sopu Angami |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,616 |percentage=19.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudlahie |party=Independent politician |votes=1,552 |percentage=18.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lho-Usao |party=Independent politician |votes=137 |percentage=1.63% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=144 |percentage=1.71% |change=-10.11% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,401 |percentage=78.31% |change= 2.65% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,877 |change =31.57% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga National Democratic Party |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= -11.20% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chupfuo |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,589 |percentage=42.39% |change=9.28% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Sopu Angami |party=Independent politician |votes=1,867 |percentage=30.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Keditsu |party=National Convention of Nagaland |votes=1,499 |percentage=24.54% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Zakieo |party=Independent politician |votes=153 |percentage=2.50% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=722 |percentage=11.82% |change=7.76% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,108 |percentage=75.66% |change= -3.06% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,267 |change =-4.34% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 9.28% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Keditsu |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,201 |percentage=33.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zakio Metha |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,931 |percentage=29.04% |change=-0.46% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mozolie |party=Independent politician |votes=1,077 |percentage=16.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lho-Usao |party=Independent politician |votes=1,023 |percentage=15.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sazollie |party=Independent politician |votes=322 |percentage=4.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kekuo |party=Independent politician |votes=95 |percentage=1.43% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=270 |percentage=4.06% |change=-2.13% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,649 |percentage=78.72% |change= -0.80% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,642 |change =81.86% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= 3.60% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1969 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Keditsu |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,115 |percentage=29.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lho-Usao |party=Independent politician |votes=881 |percentage=23.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zakio Metha |party=United Front of Nagaland |votes=780 |percentage=20.64% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lhoutuo |party=Independent politician |votes=539 |percentage=14.26% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinuokielie |party=Independent politician |votes=464 |percentage=12.28% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=234 |percentage=6.19% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,779 |percentage=79.52% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,752 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1966 Assembly by-election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1966 Nagaland Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. V. Keditsu |party=Independent politician |votes=788 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Angami |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=609 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=179 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1964 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Northern Angami II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lhousuohie |party=Independent politician |votes=2,025 |percentage=63.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thinuokielie |party=Independent politician |votes=1,181 |percentage=36.84% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=844 |percentage=26.33% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,206 |percentage=74.14% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,324 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Angami (disambiguation)|Angami]]
* [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}
{{coord|25.77|94.04|display=title}}

[[Category:Kohima district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Nagaland]]

Motiram Koli

2026-04-11T09:26:55Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Creating details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Motiram Koli
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Motiram Punamramji Koli
| birth_date = 1971
| birth_place = [[Reodar]], [[Sirohi district]], [[Rajasthan]]
| office = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Reodar Assembly constituency|Reodar]]
| predecessor = [[Jagasi Ram Koli]]
| governor = [[Kalraj Mishra]] [[Haribhau Bagade]]
| 1blankname = [[List of chief ministers of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Bhajan Lal Sharma]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| citizenship =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| occupation = Politician
| profession = [[Agriculturist]]
| nickname = [[Pradhan]]ji
}}

'''Motiram Punamramji Koli'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reodar Chunav Result: रेवदर से जीते मोतीराम कोली, बीजेपी के जगसीराम कोली को हराया |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/video/reodar-chunav-result-2023-motiram-koli-won-from-reodar-defeated-jagsiram-koli-of-bjp/1992593 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref> is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]], [[social work]]er and current Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Reodar Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023: Full list of Congress winning candidates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-congress-winning-candidates-101701580328245.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> as a member of [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=With 23 seats, saffron wave sweeps Jodhpur |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/with-23-seats-saffron-wave-sweeps-jodhpur/articleshow/105715230.cms |access-date=2023-12-04 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> '''Motiram Koli''' defeated the [[Jagasi Ram Koli]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by the margin of 3,564 votes in [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Reodar SC Chunav Result: कांग्रेस के मोतीराम कोली जीते, कितने मतों के अंतर से हारे BJP के जगसीराम? |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/sirohi-rajasthan-assembly-election-reodar-sc-vidhan-sabha-seat-profile-statistical-data-chunav-aayog-7870561.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== Political career ==
*2008, [[Pradhan]] of [[Reodar]] [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]] samiti
*2023, Member of [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Motiram}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sirohi district]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (Organisation) politicians]]
[[Category:1971 births]]

{{Rajasthan-INC-politician-stub}}

Lizzie Jacob

2026-04-10T09:21:06Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Creating new details

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lizzie Jacob
| office = Chief Secretary of Kerala
| term_start = 31 October 2006
| term_end = 13 September 2007
| predecessor = John Mathai
| successor = P. J. Thomas
| spouse = Babu Jacob<ref name="KeralaCalling2004" />
| profession = Civil servant
}}

'''Lizzie Jacob''' is an Indian retired civil servant who served as Chief Secretary of the Government of Kerala from 31 October 2006 to 13 September 2007.<ref name="GADCS">{{cite web |title=Chief Secretaries of Kerala |url=https://gad.kerala.gov.in/index.php/en/chief-secretaries |website=General Administration Department, Government of Kerala |access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref> She is a 1971-batch officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS).<ref name="IndiaToday2007">{{cite news |title=Babus see red here |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20071008-babus-see-red-here-734253-2007-09-28 |work=India Today |date=28 September 2007 |access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="TOIMagic2007">{{cite news |title=Ex-chief secy studies magic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/ex-chief-secy-studies-magic/articleshow/2391813.cms |work=The Times of India |date=22 September 2007 |access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref>

== Career ==
Jacob served in the Government of Kerala in a number of senior administrative assignments. In the early 1980s she served as Director of the state's Directorate of Collegiate Education, with official succession lists recording her tenure from January 1982 to January 1983.<ref name="CollegiateSuccession">{{cite web |title=Succession List |url=https://collegiateedu.kerala.gov.in/?page_id=94 |website=Directorate of Collegiate Education, Government of Kerala |access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref>

By 2004 she was serving as Principal Secretary in the Government of Kerala's Power Department.<ref name="KeralaCalling2004">{{cite web |title=Kerala Calling (August 2004) |url=https://document.kerala.gov.in/Porteddata/extensionpdf/documents/10180/edd56359-ebfa-48d3-8523-aaea7c3c5a6c.pdf |publisher=University of Kerala |date=August 2004 |access-date=26 January 2026 |format=PDF}}</ref>

== Chief Secretary of Kerala ==
Jacob became Chief Secretary of Kerala on 31 October 2006 and served until 13 September 2007.<ref name="GADCS" />

In September 2007 she went on leave and sought voluntary retirement from service, due to public disagreement with Chief Minister [[V. S. Achuthanandan]] over the construction of a helipad for a prime ministerial visit at [[Ponmudi]].<ref name="IndiaToday2007" /><ref name="TOIMagic2007" />

== Personal life ==
Jacob is married to IAS officer Babu Jacob, who also served as Chief Secretary of Kerala (2004–2005).<ref name="KeralaCalling2004" /><ref name="GADCS" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacob, Lizzie}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Vata Purnima

2026-04-08T07:51:11Z

ScarlettFlannaga: started entry!

{{Short description|Observance by Hindu married women}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Vat Purnima
| type = [[Hindu festival|Hindu]]
| image = Vat Purnima image by Raju Kasambe DSCN6393 21.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Threads tied around a [[banyan]] tree (''vata'')
| date2021 = 24 June
| frequency = Annual
| begins = 13th date in the month of [[Jyeshtha (month)|Jyeshtha]]<ref name="When women safeguard their family - Times of India">{{cite web|last1=Mathur|first1=Barkha|title=When women safeguard their family - Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/When-women-safeguard-their-family/articleshow/13788831.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 February 2017|date=4 June 2012}}</ref>
| ends = 15th date in the month of Jyeshtha<ref name="When women safeguard their family - Times of India"/>
| significance =
| celebrations =
| observedby = Married woman,<ref name="Thane women celebrate Vat Purnima with devotion - Times of India">{{cite web|last1=Sen|first1=Debarati S|title=Thane women celebrate Vat Purnima with devotion - Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/Thane-women-celebrate-Vat-Purnima-with-devotion/articleshow/36485949.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 February 2017|date=13 June 2014}}</ref> particularly in [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]], [[Mithila_(region)|Mithila]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Kumaon division|Uttarakhand]], [[Bihar]]
| date =
}}
'''Vat Purnima''' ({{IAST|Vaṭapūrṇimā}}, also called '''Vat Savitri''') is a Hindu celebration observed by married women in [[North India]] and in the Western Indian states of [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]]. On this [[Purnima (day)|Purnima]] (full moon) during the three days of the month of [[Jyeshtha (month)|Jyeshtha]] in the [[Hindu calendar]] (which falls in May–June in the [[Gregorian calendar]]), a married woman marks her love for her husband by tying a ceremonial thread around a banyan tree. The celebration is based on the legend of [[Savitri and Satyavan]] as narrated in the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''.

==History==
{{Main article|Savitri and Satyavan}}
The legends dates back to a story in the age of ''Mahabharata''. The childless king Asvapati and his consort Malavi wish to have a son. Finally, the God Savitr appears and tells him he will soon have a daughter. The king is overjoyed at the prospect of a child. She is born and named Savitri in honor of the god.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

[[File:Barsait.jpg|thumb|Method of Vat Purnima [[Vrata]] in [[Skanda Purana]], which is the 14th of [[Puranas]].<ref>[https://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/savitri/vat-savitri-date-time.html?year=2020 About Vat Savitri Puja][https://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/savitri/vat-purnima-date-time.html?year=2020][http://hindi.webdunia.com/religious-stories/story-of-mahakaleshwer-117042400050_1.html][http://hindi.webdunia.com/other-festivals/traditional-festival-vat-purnima-118052600050_1.html][https://www.bhaskar.com/religion/dharam/vat-purnima-vrat-on-june-16-vrat-katha-vrat-ki-vidhi-and-importance-of-vat-purnima-2019-01569593.html][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoMBjMYKKC8]</ref>]]

She is so beautiful and pure, and intimidates all the men in her village that no man will ask for her hand in marriage. Her father tells her to find a husband on her own. She sets out on a pilgrimage for this purpose and finds Satyavan, the son of a blind king named Dyumatsena who lives in exile as a forest-dweller. Savitri returns to find her father speaking with Sage Narada who tells her she has made a bad choice: although perfect in every way, Satyavan is destined to die one year from that day. Savitri insists on going ahead and marries Satyavan.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Three days before the foreseen death of Satyavan, Savitri takes a vow of fasting and vigil. Her father-in-law tells her she has taken on too harsh a regimen, but she replies that she has taken an oath to perform the regimen and Dyumatsena offers his support. The morning of Satyavan’s predicted death, he is splitting wood and suddenly becomes weak and lays his head in Savitri’s lap and dies.{{Sfn|Underhill|1921|p=127}}<ref name="Vat Purnima to be observed today {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis">{{cite web|title=Vat Purnima to be observed today {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-vat-purnima-to-be-observed-today-2091393|website=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=21 February 2017|date=2 June 2015}}</ref> Savitri places his body under the shade of a ''Vat'' (Banyan) tree. Yama, the god of Death, comes to claim Satyavan's soul. As Yama takes Satyavan's soul, Savitri follows stating that is her duty as a wife to follow her husband. Hearing this, Yama grants her a few wishes, with the exception of asking for her husband's life.{{Sfn|Underhill|1921|p=127}}<ref name="Vat Purnima to be observed today {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis" /><ref name=":0" />

She first asks for eyesight and restoration of the kingdom for her father-in-law, then a hundred children for her father, and then a hundred children for herself and Satyavan. The last wish creates a dilemma for Yama, as it would indirectly grant the life of Satyavan. However, impressed by Savitri's dedication and purity, he offers her one more chance to choose any boon, but this time omitting "except for the life of Satyavan". Savitri instantly asks for Satyavan to return to life. Yama grants life to Satyavan and blesses Savitri's life with eternal happiness.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lochtefeld |first=James G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnmPzgEACAAJ |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z |date=2002 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4 |pages=612 |language=en}}</ref>

Satyavan awakens as though he has been in a deep sleep and returns to his parents along with his wife.<ref name="Vat Purnima to be observed today {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis" />{{Sfn|Underhill|1921|p=128}} Meanwhile, at their home, Dyumatsena regains his eyesight before Savitri and Satyavan return. Since Satyavan still does not know what happened, Savitri relays the story to her parents-in-law, husband, and the gathered ascetics. As they praise her, Dyumatsena’s ministers arrive with news of the death of his usurper. Joyfully, the king and his entourage return to his kingdom.<ref>[http://www.ack-media.com/india/products/Savitri-826-0.html Savitri]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Rao1986">{{cite book|author=Shanta Rameshwar Rao|title=In Worship of Shiva|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzlXe-uBXMMC&pg=PA29|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-0-86131-684-7|pages=29–}}</ref>

Though the tree does not play a significant role of the story, it is worshiped in memory of the love in the legend.<ref name="Vat Purnima to be observed today {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis" />{{Sfn|Underhill|1921|p=128}}

==Festival==
[[File:Vat Purnima image by Raju Kasambe DSCN6393 07.jpg|thumb|right|During Vat Purnima festival, married women tying threads around a banyan tree.]]
Vat Purnima in English means a [[full moon]] related to the [[banyan tree]]. It is a [[Hindu]] festival celebrated strictly in the Northern and Western Indian states [[Uttarakhand]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], and [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Vat-Pournima-Worship-of-the-banyan-tree/articleshow/4625988.cms|title=Vat-Pournima: Worship of the banyan tree|last=Kerkar|first=Rajendra P|date=Jun 7, 2009|website=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530023838/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Vat-Pournima-Worship-of-the-banyan-tree/articleshow/4625988.cms|archive-date=May 30, 2017|author-link=Rajendra P. Kerkar}}</ref> The period of the festival is observed over three days, usually the 13th, 14th and 15th days in the month of [[Jestha (Nepali calendar)|Jestha]] (May–June).{{Sfn|Underhill|1921|p=127}} Women observe a fast and tie threads around a banyan tree and pray for the well-being of their husbands.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai: Women celebrate Vat Purnima at Jogeshwari station|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-women-celebrate-vat-purnima-at-jogeshwari-station/16259170|website=Mid Day|access-date=21 February 2017|language=en|date=2 June 2015}}</ref>

===Fast and tradition===
On the occasion of Vat Purnima, women keep a fast of three days for their husbands, as Savitri did. During the three days, pictures of a ''Vat'' (banyan) tree, Savitri, Satyavan, and Yama, are drawn with a paste of [[sandalwood]] and [[rice]] on the floor or a wall in the home. The golden engravings of the couple are placed in a tray of [[sand]], and worshiped with mantras ([[chanting]]), and Vat leaves. Outdoors, the banyan tree is worshiped. A thread is wound around the trunk of the tree, and [[copper]] coins are offered. Strict adherence to the fast and tradition is believed to ensure the husband a long and prosperous life. During the fast, women greet each other with "जन्म सावित्री हो" (English: "Become a Savitri").{{Sfn|Underhill|1921|p=128}} It is believed that until the next seven births their husband will live well.<ref name="Women observe Vat Purnima for husbands’ well-being - Times of India" />

B. A. Gupte{{efn|An ancient Indian mythologist who specialized on the laws of nature.}} provides a [[Pauranic]] excerpt to suggest that the [[mythology]] behind the festival is symbolic of natural phenomena.<ref name="Gupte1994">{{cite book|author=B. A. Gupte|title=Hindu Holidays and Ceremonials: With Dissertations on Origin, Folklore and Symbols|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FSWKWzNSagC|access-date=23 June 2018|year=1994|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0953-2|page=238|quote=In order that the reader may appreciate the Nature-myth of Savitri, which underlies the symbolism, ..., I will quote the Pauranic story.}}</ref> He notes that it is the representation of the annual marriage of the earth and nature represented by Satyavan and Savitri. It is like the way the earth dies every year and is rejuvenated by the powers of nature. He points out that the ''Vat'' tree was likely chosen due to the mythological aspects connected to the tree that are known to Indians.{{Sfn|Underhill|1921|p=128}}

In the present day, the festival is celebrated in the following way. Women dress in fine [[saree]]s and jewelry, and their day begins with the offering of any five fruits and a [[coconut]]. Each woman winds white thread around a banyan tree seven times as a reminder of their husbands. They fast for the whole day.<ref name="Women observe Vat Purnima for husbands’ well-being - Times of India">{{cite web|last1=Fernandes|first1=Freny|title=Women observe Vat Purnima for husbands' well-being - Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/Women-observe-Vat-Purnima-for-husbands-well-being/articleshow/52822240.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 February 2017|date=20 June 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Snana Yatra]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==Citations==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==References==
*{{cite book|last1=Underhill|first1=M.M.|title=The Hindu Religious Year|date=1921|publisher=Oxford University Press,Aniket Kadam|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.103712|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/thehindureligiou00undeuoft|archive-date=31 August 2006|quote=Call number AIN-9122}}

{{HinduFestivals}}

[[Category:Observances held on Purnima]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:May observances]]
[[Category:June observances]]
[[Category:Festivals in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Observances held on the full moon]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]
[[Category:Observances set by the Vikram Samvat calendar]]
[[Category:Savitri and Satyavan]]

MeMeraki

2026-03-26T10:13:40Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Creating a stub

{{Orphan|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = MeMeraki
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| logo =
| foundation = 2019
| location = [[Gurugram]], [[Haryana]]
| key_people =
| founders = Yosha Gupta
| industry = [[Culture and technology|Culture-technology]], [[E-commerce]]
| products = Enterprise art projects, Online workshops, Handcrafted products
| services = Craft led Commissions and Installations, Craft Educational Programs and Workshops, Artworks and Curated Craft Collections
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.memeraki.com}}
}}
'''MeMeraki''' is an Indian [[Culture and technology|culture-technology]] company founded in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anand |first1=Shilpa Nair |title=Time to talk about India’s new breed of hobby-tech and culture-tech platforms |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/hobby-culture-tech-platforms-india-memeraki-zwendedesign-madcap-workshops-bitclass/article36079563.ece |website=The Hindu|publisher=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=24 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=This woman entrepreneur is clocking over Rs 2 crore revenue from her art tech company - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/lifestyle/top-story/story/this-woman-entrepreneur-is-clocking-over-rs-2-crore-revenue-from-her-art-tech-company-367914-2023-01-28 |website=Business Today |publisher=[[Business Today (India)]] |language=en |date=28 January 2023}}</ref> It is headquartered in [[Gurugram]], [[Haryana]], India.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Murthy |first1=Neeraja |title=Augmented Reality art feature by MeMeraki helps visualise how art could look on the wall |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/deck-up-your-drawing-room-with-the-augmented-reality-art-feature-by-memeraki/article67145558.ece |website=The Hindu |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=3 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=This woman entrepreneur is clocking over Rs 2 crore revenue from her art tech company - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/lifestyle/top-story/story/this-woman-entrepreneur-is-clocking-over-rs-2-crore-revenue-from-her-art-tech-company-367914-2023-01-28 |website=Business Today |publisher=[[Business Today (India)]] |language=en |date=28 January 2023}}</ref>

==History==
MeMeraki was founded in 2019 by Yosha Gupta as a "digital platform" connecting traditional Indian artisans with broader audiences.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adhikari |first1=Sharmi |title=Where folk meets fashion |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/fashion/2020/Aug/09/where-folk-meets-fashion-2180261.html |website=The New Indian Express |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en |date=8 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Yosha Gupta On Reimagining Indian Art With MeMeraki |url=https://www.travelandleisureasia.com/in/people/interview-with-yosha-gupta/ |website=Travel and Leisure Asia |language=en-IN |date=14 April 2025}}</ref>

Prior to founding MeMeraki, Gupta launched a cashback platform "LafaLafa" in 2014. It was mentioned in Gadgets 360's coverage of Indian startup funding activity in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women In Business: A Walk Down Yosha Gupta’s Entrepreneurial Journey |url=https://hivelife.com/yosha-gupta/ |website=Hive Life Magazine |date=2 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Saxena |first1=Tanisha |title=At home with art |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2024/Oct/26/at-home-with-art |website=The New Indian Express |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en |date=26 October 2024}}</ref>

In January 2026, MeMeraki and its team appeared in [[Shark Tank India]] season 5 and secured Rs. 1 crore.<ref>{{cite web |title=MeMeraki Secures Rs 1 Cr Four-shark Deal On Shark Tank India |url=https://www.bwdisrupt.com/article/memeraki-secures-rs-1-cr-four-shark-deal-on-shark-tank-india-593694 |website=BW Disrupt |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Abhinav Kumar |title=MeMeraki raises ₹1 crore on Shark Tank India Season 5 |url=https://www.marcamoney.com/memeraki-raises-1-crore-on-shark-tank-india-season-5/ |website=MarcaMoney |date=16 February 2026}}</ref> It also received undisclosed institutional funding from "Next Bharat Ventures", the impact investment arm backed by [[Suzuki Motor Corporation]], Japan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Staff |first1=Entrepreneur |title=Culture-tech Platform MeMeraki Raises Funding from Next Bharat Ventures |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/culture-tech-platform-memeraki-raises-funding-from-next/502202 |website=Entrepreneur |publisher=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)]] |language=en |date=27 January 2026}}</ref>

The company brought together many craft traditions of India including the Kalamkari traditions of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], along with the [[Mata Ni Pachedi]] tradition of [[Gujarat]].<ref name="TVF">{{cite web |title=MeMeraki: Raising Crafts with Culture-Tech |url=https://www.thevoiceoffashion.com/fabric-of-india/features/memeraki-raising-crafts-with-culturetech--6460 |website=Thevoiceoffashion.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Selected Arts & exhibition==
*In 2026, a Tholu Bommalata installation titled AIRAVAS at Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad, was referenced in independent design coverage.<ref>{{cite web |title=How India’s terminals are emerging as unexpected art hubs |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.in/culture/story/airports-as-art-hubs-how-indias-terminals-are-becoming-cultural-destinations-1325637-2026-01-06 |website=Harper Bazar |language=en}}</ref>
*In 2026, MeMeraki curated Ashvahit, a contemporary installation that brought together Indian craft traditions with themes of mythology and self-reflection.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aphale |first1=Esha |title=A contemporary installation brings Indian craft, mythology and self-reflection into the same space |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/art/2026/Feb/06/a-contemporary-installation-brings-indian-craft-mythology-and-self-reflection-into-the-same-space |website=Indulgexpress |language=en |date=6 February 2026}}</ref>
*In 2023, MeMeraki presented a Cheriyal-based installation titled SaTaRa at the India Art, Architecture and Design Biennale.<ref>{{cite web |last1=KULKARNI |first1=AISHWARYA |title=Made in India, With Love By MeMeraki |url=https://scalemag.online/art/in-focus/made-in-india-with-love-by-memeraki/ |website=Scalemag |date=16 May 2025}}</ref>
*''Kathaa'' is an annual wall mural festival organised by MeMeraki in December 2021 in Hong Kong that brings together artists to create large-scale murals inspired by Indian storytelling traditions and folk art forms. The festival has been held in multiple editions and focuses on translating narrative traditions from Indian crafts into contemporary public murals. The initiative has been described as one of India's only craft-inspired wall mural festivals presented internationally.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Murthy |first1=Neeraja |title=A slice of India shines bright on the Hong Kong walls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/yosha-gupta-on-kathaa-a-community-driven-indian-mural-festival-in-hong-kong/article37975722.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=17 December 2021}}</ref>

==Community initiatives==
During the COVID-19 lockdown, MeMeraki organised online workshops in traditional and folk art forms for international audiences. These workshops enabled artists from different regions of India to teach and share their practices with participants globally.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘In Hong Kong, I had the chance to turn into a butterfly’ |url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/3100821/indian-artists-who-hit-their-stride-hong-kong-i-had-chance?module=perpetual_scroll_0&pgtype=article |website=South China Morning Post |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en |date=10 September 2020}}</ref>

In November 2022, MeMeraki in association with [[Apollo Hospitals|Apollo Cancer Center]] created an art installation to raise awareness about [[breast cancer]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dhanaraj |first1=Ruth |title=Bringing brushstrokes into the battle against breast cancer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/bringing-brushstrokes-into-the-battle-against-breast-cancer/article66135091.ece |website=The Hindu |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=18 November 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Textile industry in India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2019]]

{{textile-stub}}

Pranlal Patel

2026-03-25T19:00:56Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New a post

{{Short description|Indian photographer}}
{{Orphan|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}

[[File:Shri Pranlal Patel inaugurating the exhibition 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pranlal Patel inaugurating the exhibition in 2012]]
'''Pranlal Karamshibhai Patel''' (1 January 1910 – 18 January 2014) was a photographer from [[Gujarat]], India. He had career spanning eight decades.

==Biography==
Patel was born in Keshiya (now in [[Jamnagar district]], [[Gujarat]], India). Patel received training in photography starting in 1932 from [[Balwant Bhatt]] and [[Ravishankar Raval]], initially using a box camera. He later used cameras such as the Super Ikonta (from 1936), [[Rolleiflex]] (from 1939), and [[Nikon]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=પટેલ, પ્રાણલાલ કરમશીભાઈ |website= [[Gujarati Vishwakosh]] |url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2-%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2-%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%88/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |language=gu}}</ref>

His work is primarily in black and white photography and is described in terms of art as belonging to the pictorial style, which emphasizes delicate emotional expression and prioritizes beauty, making it appealing to the general public. Patel's photographs gained widespread recognition in numerous popular and prestigious magazines and exhibitions in Gujarat, India, and internationally due to this artistic approach.<ref name=":0" />

Patel extensively documented rural life in India, its historical buildings, and its natural beauty through his photography from 1933 to 1989, earning him numerous national awards. He also received international accolades in 1942, 1964, 1966, and 1976. In 2013–14, an exhibition of his photographs, titled ''Refocusing the Lens: Pranlal K. Patel's Photographs of Women at Work in Ahmedabad,'' was held at Hamilton College in New York State, USA.<ref name=":0" />

Beyond documenting the lives of ordinary citizens, Patel is also remembered for his photographs of prominent Indian leaders such as [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], and [[Sardar Patel]].<ref name=":1" />

Patel established the Patel Photo Studio in 1945 opposite [[Ahmedabad Town Hall]]. Throughout his long career, he mentored numerous photographers. He also played a key role in promoting photography education and its organized institutional structure by founding the Niharika Club of Photography in Ahmedabad in 1939 and the Camera Club of Karnavati in Ahmedabad in 1980.<ref name=":0" />

He died on 18 January 2014 in Ahmedabad.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2014-02-05 |title=Veteran photographer Pranlal Patel dies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/veteran-photographer-pranlal-patel-dies/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==Awards and recognition==
* Gaurav Puraskar by the Gujarat Government in 1990.<ref name=":0" />
* Lifetime Achievement Award by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, in 2011.<ref name=":0" />
* Kailash Kala Award by [[Morari Bapu]] at the 'Asmita Parv' held in Talgajarda near [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]] in 2013.<ref name=":0" />
* Other significant awards include recognitions from the Photo Kala Club ([[Amreli]]) (2005), Federation of Indian Photography Convention (2010), Federation of Senior Photographer (2010), 'Niharika' The Society of Gujarat Pictorialists Award (2011), the Photo Division Award from the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] (2011), Indubhai Parekh School of Architecture Award ([[Rajkot]]) (2011), Sanskar Dham Award (2011), Nilkanth Patangnagar Pratibha Award (2012), Manav Pratishthan Award by Shrimati V. M. Modi Educational & Charitable Trust (2012), Kailash Lalit Kala Award (2013), and Rajkot Photographers Association Award (2013).<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Pranlal}}
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:Indian men centenarians]]
[[Category:Photographers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:People from Ahmedabad]]

List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators

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#REDIRECT [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)]]

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Lakh

2026-03-19T18:00:21Z

ScarlettFlannaga: brief added references per sources and updated info

{{Short description|100,000 in the Indian numbering system}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}

A '''lakh''' ({{IPAc-en|l|æ|k|,_|l|ɑː|k}}; abbreviated '''L'''; sometimes written '''lac'''<ref name="Rowlett_2008">{{cite dictionary|title=lakh |encyclopedia=How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement |author-first=Russ |author-last=Rowlett |publisher=[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] |date=15 December 2008 |orig-year=1998 |access-date=29 August 2016 |url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702030033/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictL.html |archive-date=2 July 2016 }}</ref>) is a unit in the [[Indian numbering system]] equal to [[100,000|one hundred thousand]] (100,000; [[scientific notation]]: 105).<ref name="Rowlett_2008"/><ref name="OED1">{{OED1|lakh}}</ref>  In the [[Indian numbering system#Decimal formatting|Indian 2, 2, 3 convention of digit grouping]], it is written as 1,00,000.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Lakh |volume=16 |page=94}}</ref> For example, in India, 150,000 [[Indian rupee|rupees]] becomes 1.5 ''lakh'' rupees, written as {{INR}}1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000.

It is widely used both in official and other contexts in [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Sri Lanka]]. It is often used in [[Bangladeshi English|Bangladeshi]], [[Indian English|Indian]], [[Pakistani English|Pakistani]], and [[Sri Lankan English]].

==Usage==
In [[Indian English]], the word is used both as an [[Noun adjunct|attributive]] and non-attributive noun with either an unmarked or marked ("-s") plural, respectively. For example: "1 ''lakh'' people"; "''lakhs'' of people"; "20 ''lakh'' [[rupee]]s"; "''lakhs'' of rupees". In the abbreviated form, usage such as "{{INR|link=Indian rupee}}5L" or "{{INR|link=Indian rupee}}5 lac" (for "5 ''lakh'' rupees") is common.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Posamentier|first1=Alfred S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FmPcDwAAQBAJ&dq=use+of+cr+%22crore%22+abbreviation&pg=PA478|title=Understanding Mathematics Through Problem Solving|last2=Poole|first2=Peter|date=23 March 2020|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4663-69-4}}</ref> In this system of numeration, 100 ''lakh'' is called one ''[[crore]]''<ref name=EB1911/> and is equal to 10 million.

Formal written publications in English in India tend to use ''lakh'' and ''[[crore]]'' for [[Indian rupee|Indian currency]] and Western numbering for foreign currencies, such as [[United States dollar|dollars]] and [[Pound sterling|pounds]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Shapiro, Richard|url=https://public.oed.com/blog/the-most-distinctive-counting-system-in-english-indian-cardinal-numbers/|title=The most distinctive counting system in English? Indian cardinal numbers|work=Oxford English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|date=16 August 2012|access-date=24 May 2020}} – Shapiro is/was an OED employee. The article states: "The opinions and other information contained in the OED blog posts and comments do not necessarily reflect the opinions or positions of [[Oxford University Press]]."</ref>

===Silver market===
The term is also used in the pricing of silver on the international [[precious metal]]s market, where one ''lakh'' equals {{convert|100000|ozt|kg|0|lk=in|abbr=off}} of [[silver]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gilkes|first1=Paul|title=CME Group/Thomson Reuters step down from executing the London silver fix|url=http://www.coinworld.com/news/precious-metals/2017/03/cme-group-thomson-reuters-out-of-silver-price-ficing.all.html|access-date=5 July 2017|date=3 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perthmint.com.au/education_uom.aspx|title=Units of Measure|work=perthmint.com.au|access-date=6 September 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071802/http://www.perthmint.com.au/education_uom.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Etymology and regional variants==
The modern word ''lakh'' derives from {{langx|sa|लक्ष|translit=lakṣa}}, originally denoting "mark, target, stake in gambling", but also used as the numeral for "100,000" in [[Gupta Empire|Gupta-era]] Classical Sanskrit (''[[Yājñavalkya Smṛti]]'', ''[[Harivaṃśa]]'').<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?p.3:88.soas |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215010456/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?p.3:88.soas |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2012 |title=lakṣá10881 |access-date=22 August 2010 |author-last=Turner |author-first=Sir Ralph Lilley |author-link=Ralph Lilley Turner |year=1985 |work="lakṣhá 10881" in: A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages. London: Oxford University Press, 1962-1966. Includes three supplements, published 1969–1985 |publisher=Digital South Asia Library, a project of the Center for Research Libraries and the University of Chicago |page=629 |quote= lakṣh masculine "stake, prize" R̥igved, "mark, sign" Mahābhārat, "100,000" Yājñavalkya, "aim" Kālidās] }}</ref>
; By language
* [[Assamese language|Assamese]]: {{lang|as|লক্ষ}} ''lokhyo'', or {{lang|as|লাখ}} ''lakh''
* [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: natively ([[tadbhava]]) known as {{lang|bn|লাখ}} ''lākh'', though some use the [[Tatsama|ardha-tatsama]] {{lang|bn|লক্ষ}} ''lokkho''.
* [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]: 𑂪𑂰𑂎 ''lākh''
* [[Bishnupriya Manipuri language|Bishnupriya Manipuri]]: লাখ ''lākha''
* [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]: ([[Hindi]]: {{Lang|hi|लाख}}, [[Urdu]]: {{lang|ur|{{nastaliq|لاکھ}}}}) ''lākh''
* [[Maldivian language|Dhivehi]]: {{Lang|dv|ލައްކަ}} ''lakka''
* [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: {{lang|gu|લાખ}} ''lākh''
* [[Kannada]]: {{lang|kn|ಲಕ್ಷ}} ''lakṣha''
* [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]: {{lang|ks|{{nastaliq|لَچھ}}}} ''lachh''
* [[Khasi language|Khasi]]: {{Lang|kha|lak}}
* [[Malayalam]]: {{Lang|ml|ലക്ഷം}} ''laksham''
* [[Marathi language|Marathi]]: {{Lang|mr|लाख/लक्ष}} ''lākh/laksha''
* [[Meitei language|Meitei]]: ꯂꯥꯛ ''lāk''
* [[Nepali language|Nepali]]: {{Lang|ne|लाख}} ''lākh''
* [[Odia language|Odia]]: {{lang|or|ଲକ୍ଷ}} ''låkhyå''
* [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ([[Shahmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|{{nastaliq|لکھ}}}}, [[Gurmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|ਲੱਖ}}) ''lakkh''
* [[Sanskrit]]: {{Lang|sa|लक्ष}} {{transliteration|sa|lakṣa}}
* [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]: {{lang|si|ලක්ෂ}} {{transliteration|si|lakṣa}}
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]]: {{Lang|ta|இலட்சம்}} ''latcham''
* [[Telugu language|Telugu]]: {{Lang|te|లక్ష}} ''laksha''

==See also==
* [[Crore]] (100 lakh, or 10 million)
* [[English numerals]]
* [[Myriad]]
* [[Names of large numbers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary|lakh}}
* {{Cite web|last=IINRG|first=Ranchi|title=Government Organisation|url=http://ilri.ernet.in/|access-date=22 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929175743/http://ilri.ernet.in/|archive-date=29 September 2018|url-status=dead}}

[[Category:Powers of ten]]
[[Category:Units of amount]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Urdu words and phrases]]
[[Category:Indian English idioms]]
[[Category:Pakistani English idioms]]
[[Category:Bengali words and phrases]]
[[Category:Customary units in India]]
[[Category:Nepali words and phrases]]

Nemai Ghosh (photographer)

2026-03-19T17:00:53Z

ScarlettFlannaga: basic reworked layout per sources further

{{Short description|Indian photographer (1934–2020)}}
{{distinguish|text=the director and cinematographer [[Nemai Ghosh (director)|Nemai Ghosh]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nemai Ghosh
| image = Nemai Ghosh Addresses - Opening Ceremony - 1st Four Ps Group Exhibition - Kolkata 2019-04-17 0616.JPG
| caption = Nemai Ghosh in April 2019
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|05|08|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|3|25|1934|05|08|df=y}}
| death_place = Kolkata, India
| occupation = Photographer
| years_active = 1960s–2020
| spouse = Shibani Ghosh
| children = Santanu Ghosh, Satyaki Ghosh, Sharmistha Ghosh
| relatives = Grandchildren - Shreya Ghosh, Soham Ghosh, Pujarini Ghosh, Opashona Ghosh and Nilanjan Ghosh
}}
'''Nemai Ghosh''' (8 May 1934 – 25 March 2020)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://upperstall.com/profile/luminary/nemai-ghosh/|title=Nemai Ghosh|website=Upperstall|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|author=Chatterji, Shoma A.}}</ref> was a noted Indian photographer most known for working with [[Satyajit Ray]],<ref>{{cite web| title =The time of his life |publisher=Harmony, Celebrate Age Magazine| url = http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=1459&index1=0|author=Anjana Basu|date=July 2005| access-date = 29 September 2013}}</ref> as a [[Unit still photographer|still photographer]] for over two decades, starting with ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]'' (1969) till Ray's last film ''[[Agantuk]]'' (1991).<ref name=Arijit>{{cite news|last=Bhattacharya|first=Arijit|title=Through the lens|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110518/jsp/entertainment/story_13994343.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521081252/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110518/jsp/entertainment/story_13994343.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 May 2011|access-date=28 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=18 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Chatterjee|first=Partha|title=Glimpses of Ray|journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|year=2011|volume=28|issue=13|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2813/stories/20110701281307200.htm|access-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> His work spans theatre, cinema, art, cultural documentation, and his home city of Kolkata, especially via black-and-white photography that captures both grand moments and intimate, fleeting ones.

He was a jury member at the [[55th National Film Awards|2007 National Film Awards]],<ref name="55thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm55NFAAward.aspx|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|access-date=3 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002034853/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm55NFAAward.aspx|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/55th_nff_2007.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards (PDF)|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> and was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by [[Government of India]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (2010)|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwd2010.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126141319/http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwd2010.pdf|archive-date=26 November 2011}}</ref>

== Early life and beginnings ==

* Born in Kolkata (then Calcutta), British India.
* He began his artistic involvement in '''theatre''', performing with Utpal Dutt’s ''Little Theatre Group''.
* His interest in photography was not planned; around 1966, by chance he acquired a camera and began experimenting.

== Personal life and family ==
Nemai Ghosh was married to Shibani Ghosh, who died on 28 March 2022.

The couple had three children:

* Their eldest son, Santanu Ghosh died of a brain tumour on 19 December 2001. He was survived by his wife Dalia Ghosh, daughter Shreya Ghosh, and son Soham Ghosh.
* Their younger son, Satyaki Ghosh, became a photographer, following in his father’s footsteps. He is married to Madhura Ghosh with two daughters, Opashona Ghosh and Pujarini Ghosh.
* Their youngest child, Sharmistha Ghosh, works as an educator.

== Association with Satyajit Ray ==

* His first work with Satyajit Ray was on the film ''Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne'' (1969). From that point until Ray’s last film ''Agantuk'' (1991), Ghosh served as Ray’s still photographer.
* Satyajit Ray referred to him as a kind of “Boswell” of his life with a camera, in reference to James Boswell, the famous biographer.

He died on 25 March 2020. He was 85.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/nemai-ghosh-passes-aaway-205461/|title=প্রখ্যাত চিত্রগ্রাহক নিমাই ঘোষের জীবনাবসান|date=2020-03-25|website=Indian Express Bangla|language=bn-IN|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
[[File:Ghare Baire Gallery 3.jpg|thumb|Photographs of [[Satyajit Ray]] by Nemai Ghosh at Ghare Baire art gallery, [[Currency Building]], [[Kolkata]]]]
* ''Satyajit Ray 70 ans''; Photographies de Nemai Ghosh; Contributions éditées par Alok B. Nandi,1991, Eiffel Editions, Bruxelles.
* ''Satyajit Ray at 70''; Photographs by Nemai Ghosh; Contributions edited by Alok B. Nandi, 1993, Point of View and Orient Longman
* {{cite book|author=Nemai Ghosh|title=Dramatic Moments: Photographs and Memories of Calcutta Theatre from the Sixties to the Nineties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KJFqKDgcVyIC|year=2000|publisher=Seagull Books|isbn=978-81-7046-156-2}}
* {{cite book|author=Nemai Ghosh|title=Satyajit Ray: From Script to Screen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkBUlAEACAAJ|year=2003|publisher=National Gallery of Modern Art}}
* {{cite book|author=Nemai Ghosh|title=Ray and the Blind Painter: An Odyssey Into the Inner Eye|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_XVAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=New Age|isbn=978-81-7819-041-9}}
* {{cite book|author1=Andrew Robinson|author2=Nemai Ghosh (photographs)|title=Satyajit Ray: A Vision of Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAmGwAACAAJ|year=2005|publisher=I. B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-84511-074-1}}
* {{cite book|author1=Nemai Ghosh|author2=Yusuf Arakkal|author2-link=Yusuf Arakkal|author3=Stuart Forster|author4=Giridhar Khasnis|title=The Street: Arakkal Paints a Picture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hanbNwAACAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Art Alive Gallery}}
* {{cite book|author1=Nemai Ghosh|author2=Geeti Sen|title=Faces of Indian Art: Through the Lens of Nemai Ghosh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8mwiQwAACAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Art Alive Gallery|isbn=978-81-901844-5-8}}
* {{cite book|author1=Nemai Ghosh|title=Manik Da: Memoirs Of Satyajit Ray|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yil8tgAACAAJ|year=2011|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-93-5029-040-8}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [[Samik Bandyopadhyay]]. ''Nemai Ghosh: Portfolio''. ''Seagull Theatre Quarterly'', Issue 2, Apr 1994. pp 52–57.

==External links==
* {{cite web| title = Portraits of Satyajit Ray |date= 19 August 2013 |publisher= British Film Institute | url = https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/portraits-satyajit-ray}}
*[http://dagworld.com/exhibitions/nemai-ghosh-satyajit-ray-beyond/ Nemai Ghosh: Satyajit Ray and Beyond]. DAG Exhibition
*[https://filmfreeway.com/NemaiGhosh-ARAYofLight/ Nemai Ghosh - a RAY of light]. Documentary Film
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Nemai}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Indian movie stills photographers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Satyajit Ray]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Photographers from West Bengal]]

Yelahanka

2026-03-17T17:42:45Z

ScarlettFlannaga: added info

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{multiple issues|
{{original research|date=June 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2012}}
}}
{{for|the insect genus|Yelahanka (leafhopper)}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Yelahanka
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Bangalore Urban
| image_skyline = YelahankaNewTown.jpg
| image_alt = Yelahanka
| image_caption = Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan Road, Yelahanka New Town
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = up
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|13|06|50|N|77|35|54|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bangalore Urban district|Bengaluru Urban]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = Bengaluru
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Greater Bengaluru Authority|GBA]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 915
| population_total = 300,000
| population_as_of = <ref name="expressindia.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Why-this-Bangalore-suburb-is-calling/648153/ |title=Why this Bangalore suburb is calling - Express India |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-date=21 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721013037/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Why-this-Bangalore-suburb-is-calling/648153/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 560063,560064,560065,560092,560106 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://pincodesearch.website/yelahanka-560064|title=Pincode of Yelahanka, Karnataka|website=pincodesearch.website|access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-80
| registration_plate = KA-50
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Yelahanka''' is an area in North Bangalore and also a [[Taluk]] of [[Bangalore Urban district]] in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Karnataka]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief Minister Siddaramaiah's New Year gift: 50 new taluks, including Yelahanka |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2017/dec/05/chief-minister-siddaramaiahs-new-year-gift-50-new-taluks-including-yelahanka-1718662.html |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=The New Indian Express|date=5 December 2017 }}</ref> coming under the [[Greater Bengaluru Authority#City Corporations under GBA|Bangalore North City Corporation]]. It is the oldest part of present Municipal Bengaluru (Bangalore) city and the northern end of the city. It is [[Kempe Gowda I|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda I]], of the Yelahanka Prabhu clans, who laid the foundation of present-day Bengaluru through the creation of a "mud fort town" in 1537 CE.

Yelahanka Air Force Station
This is an important Indian Air Force base in Yelahanka.

==History==
Yelahanka had been in existence prior to the 12th century. The region was called 'Ilaipakka Naadu' in Tamil during the rule of [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]]. A stone tablet of 1267 A.D found in Doddaballapur mentions '''Dechi Devarasa''', ruling the region with Yelahanka as his capital under the aegis of [[Hoysala]] monarch [[Narasimha III]].

The founder of Bangalore Kempegowda I, was born in Yelahanka. He was the Chieftain and feudatory of the area during the reign of [[Krishnadevaraya|King Krishna Deva Raya]] of Vijayanagara. Yelahanka has a history of more than 500 years. Chieftain Kempegowda who built Bangalore fort and the Yelahanka Town in 1537 AD, transferred his capital from Yelahanka to Bangalore after Bangalore city was built.

Later, during Hoysala reign, the city came to be known as 'Elavanka' and gradually shifted to 'Yelahanka'.<ref>Shaasana Parishodhane by Dr M.G. Manjunaatha, Dept. of Kannada, Mysuru Univ.</ref> It was also known as Elavank.<ref>Dr. [[Mike Mohamed Ghouse]], Center for Pluralism, Washington, DC.</ref>

Of the numerous rulers of different dynasties who ruled with Yelahanka as their capital, the Kempe Gowdas are the most acclaimed. ''Hiriya Kempe Gowda'' (Kempe Gowda the First) built a fort in the adjoining village of Bengaluru and developed it as his new capital, probably due to its strategic location and slightly cooler climate being at a higher altitude. It was his son, ''Immadi Kempe Gowda'', who had the famous watchtowers built in the four directions of the new city.

Some temples in Yelahanka—like the Venugopala Swamy Temple—have remained as a testimony to its rich past. Although a Fort's remnant could not be traced, a street nearby the Venugopala Swamy Temple is still known as 'Kote Beedi' or 'Fort Street'.

==Modern Yelahanka==
Yelahanka lies to the north of Bengaluru. It was a municipal council and taluk (lies below the district level in administrative setup) headquarters prior to the formation of BBMP (a metro corporation annexing the original Bangalore area and its suburbs) and now forms a part of Greater Bengaluru, under the North City Corporation. Developed as well-planned township during the early 1980s to the north of the city by the Karnataka Housing Board, it is known by several names like 'Yelahanka Upanagara', 'Yelahanka Satellite Town', 'Yelahanka New Town' or simply 'Housing Board'.

[[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44 (NH 44)]] passes through Yelahanka. The newly constructed Navayuga Devanahalli KIAL Expressway (also a part of NH 44) also passes through the area and the northeastern fringes of Yelahanka, acting as a bypass road. State Highway 9 (Bangalore - Hindupur, also known as Doddaballapur Road) passing in the south of Yelahanka bisects the area into Old Town and New Town. Yelahanka's business areas are Hospital Main Road and BB road in Yelahanka and New Town are 16th 'B' Cross, Mother Dairy Cross and Yelahanka New Town, fourth phase.

Yelahanka has several lakes surrounding it, adjoining: [[Yelahanka Lake|Old Yelahanka]], [[Puttenahalli Lake (Yelahanka)|Puttenahalli]], Attur, Ananthapura, and Allalasandra. The [[Puttenahalli Lake (Yelahanka)|lake]] at Puttenahalli ({{cvt|3|km}} up the [[State Highway 9 (Karnataka)|SH 9]]) has been declared a bird sanctuary.

Yelahanka is emerging as a premium and preferred residential locality in North Bangalore, known for its good infrastructure, educational institutions, proximity to employment hubs, and abundance of green spaces.

Most major retail brands have a presence in Yelahanka. Major ones include [[Centro (store)| Yelahanka Central]], Galleria Mall, and [[DMart]] in Yelahanka New Town.

[[File:Yelahanka New Town.jpg|thumb|Yelahanka Satellite Town, Yelahanka, Bangalore.]]

==Geography==
Yelahanka is at an elevation of about {{convert|915|m|sigfig=3}} above mean [[sea level]]. Due to its higher altitude from mean sea level, it is lush green and has pleasant weather year-round.
* The summer season lasts from March to mid-May, with temperatures ranging between {{cvt|23 and 38|C}}
* At the end of May, the monsoon season starts and lasts until the end of October. There are about {{convert|45|inch}} of rain annually. Yelahanka is served by both southwest as well as northeast monsoon.
* Winters are mild and lasts from November to February, with temperatures ranging between {{cvt|13 and 28|C}}.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Yelahanka had a population of 93,263. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. The literacy rate was 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 80%, and female literacy was 68%. Eleven percent of the population were under 6 years of age.

As per recent estimates, the population of Yelahanka has risen to about 300,000 in 2012.<ref name="expressindia.com"/>

==Connectivity==
Yelahanka has connectivity via road, rail, and air. [[Yelahanka Junction railway station|Yelahanka railway station]] has railway lines connecting [[Krishnarajapuram railway station|KR Puram]] and [[Baiyyappanahalli railway station|Byappanahalli]] in the east and [[Yesvantpur Junction railway station|Yeshwanthpur]] in the northwest.

=== Metro ===
[[Yelahanka metro station]] is an upcoming important elevated metro station on the north–south corridor of the [[Blue Line (Namma Metro)|Blue Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] in [[Bangalore]], India

===Roadways===
Yelahanka is connected with downtown Bangalore through a network of roads and a six-lane dual carriageway highway. The same highway connects Yelahanka with [[Kempegowda International Airport]]. [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation|BMTC (Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation)]], [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] serves Yelahanka with its network of buses. There are regular BMTC [[Volvo]] A/C Bus services and other buses to Bangalore from Yelahanka.

National Highway 44 (North–South Corridor) also passes through Yelahanka.

Karnataka State Highway 9 starts at Yelahanka main road near Yelahanka traffic police station and ends near the Andhra Pradesh border near Vidurashwatha, where it continues as AP SH 472 until Hindupuram.

Yelahanka is also served by a host of private taxi companies operating in the Greater Bangalore area and also the auto rickshaw services within the Bangalore Metropolitan Area.

===Rail===
[[File:Yelahanka Station board.jpg|thumb|Yelahanka Station board]]
[[Yelahanka Junction railway station|Yelahanka Jn. (code YNK)]] is a junction railway station of South Western Railway Zone, served by Indian Railways. Yelahanka Jn. comes under the jurisdiction of Bangalore Division and is about {{cvt|15|km}} north of Bangalore City Railway station (SBC).

The station lies on the train line connecting Bangalore with North, West, and Central India via [[Guntakal Junction railway station|Guntakal]] Junction. There are four routes merging at the station - (south) one from [[Yesvantpur Junction railway station|Yeshwantpur (YPR)]] and the other from [[Baiyyappanahalli railway station|Byapanahalli]] – [[Krishnarajapuram railway station|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)]]. (north) one from Chikkballapur and the other from Doddballapur connecting all major cities in the country.

The station is served by regularly scheduled train services originating, terminating, and passing through Bangalore Metropolitan region. The majority of express and passenger trains halt at Yelahanka Jn. station, connecting it to all major cities and towns in the country. There are passenger train services that connect Yelahanka Jn. to nearby towns and other parts of Bangalore.

Yelahanka Jn. has a computerized Indian Railway ticket booking office.

[http://www.rwf.indianrailways.gov.in/index.jsp Rail Wheel Factory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210034739/http://www.rwf.indianrailways.gov.in/index.jsp |date=10 December 2014 }} (earlier known as Wheel and Axle Plant) is situated in Yelahanka. It is a state-of-the-art plant, meeting the bulk of the requirement of wheels, axles, and wheel sets for the Indian Railways. The spare capacity available is profitably utilized to meet the domestic demands for non-railway customers and exports.

==Administration==
* The [[Yelahanka Assembly constituency|Yelahanka Vidhan Sabha constituency]] has been repreresented by [[S. R. Vishwanath]] since 2008.
* The authority responsible for the upkeep of Yelahanka is BNCC (Bangalore North City Corporation), under the GBA (Greater Bengaluru Authority).
* There are two police stations within Yelahanka, one in Yelahanka and the other in Yelahanka New town and one Traffic police Station in Yelahanka.
* Yelahanka has its own [[Regional Transport Office|RTO]] '''KA-50''', located in Singanayakanahalli.
* Yelahanka has its own Sub-Registrar office at NES Office inside Mini Soudha Building.
* Yelahanka has two BMTC depots – '''depots 11 & 30''' located at Puttenahalli.
* Yelahanka is the headquarters of Yelahanka Zone, Yelahanka division, Yelahanka sub-division and [[Yelahanka Ward]]

==Industries ==
* Yelahanka is a traditional place of weavers. The silk handloom has been the lifeline of Yelahanka people for over 2 centuries, and even now in areas like Kamakshamma layout, Agrahara layout, Kogilu, Maruti Nagar, and Chowdeshwari layout silk saree development can be seen. And saree products are being marketed over here.
* Yelahanka has one amongst the largest milk dairies of Karnataka State, known as 'Mother Dairy', a processing unit of the state run by the [[Karnataka Milk Federation|Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF)]].
* Yelahanka houses the [[Rail Wheel Factory]] (formerly Wheel and Axle Plant), a Production Unit of Indian Railways. It is the largest manufacturer of Railway Wheels and Axles producing 2.2 lakh cast wheels from three electric arc furnaces and 1.3 lakh forged axles annually. [https://rwf.indianrailways.gov.in/]
* Other industry includes [[AstraZeneca|Astra Zeneca Pharmaceuticals]], [http://www.esanosys.com Esanosys Technologies], [[Federal-Mogul]] Goetze (India) Limited (formerly Escorts Mahle Goetze), Ranflex India Pvt. Ltd. Hobel Flexibles Inc & Sri Pradhyumna Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Leonsoft solutions, R L FINE CHEM, CENTUM ELECTRONICE, PROVIMI, VENKTESWARA CLOTHING UNIT II.

==Agriculture/farming==
Crops like [[Paddy field|paddy]], [[rice]], and Raagi ([[millet]]) were cultivated at a small scale in the area with irrigation from numerous lakes in the area, prior to Yelahanka's urbanization. The villages surrounding Yelahanka, especially Allalasandra, were famous for Guava fruit and grapes. Agriculture and farming are no longer practised here due to urbanization and industrialization.

Governmental research facilities exist around Yelahanka in the form of [[Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra]] (GKVK) under the [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru|University of Agricultural Sciences]] and [[Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants|Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)]] under the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)]].

== See more ==
[[Katigenahalli (Bengaluru) Inscriptions and Herostones|Katigenahalli (Bengaluru) Inscription and herostone]]

==Education==
There are many schools and colleges in Yelahanka. The first International school established was [[Mallya Aditi International School|Aditi International School]] in the year 1993. It is a highly prestigious day school that offers ICSE, ISC, IGCSE Cambridge AS and A-level programs. Other educational institutions in Yelahanka include [[KNN College of Nursing]],<ref name="school2college">{{Cite web |url=http://www.school2college.com/college-knn-college-and-school-of-nursing.html |title=K N N College of Nursing, Bangalore, Admission 2012 |access-date=22 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529001810/http://www.school2college.com/college-knn-college-and-school-of-nursing.html |archive-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> [[Nagarjuna Vidyaniketan]], [[Seshadripuram Public School]], [[Ryan International School]], [[National Public School, Yelahanka|National Public School]], [[Delhi Public School]], [[Canadian International School (Bangalore)|Canadian International School]], [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust|Bhavan's]], [[Chrysalis High]], [[Presidency School]], [[Poorna Pragna Education Centre]], [[Kendriya Vidyalaya RWF]]

There are many technical education institutions in and around Yelahanka. Some of the prominent engineering colleges in the vicinity are [[REVA University]], [[Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology]], [[BMS Institute of Technology]], [[Brindavan College of Engineering]], Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, [[Sai Vidya Institute of Technology]], [[Reva Institute of Technology and Management]], HKBK College of Engineering, [[East West College of Engineering]] and [[Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bangalore]]. Also present is Manipal Institute of technology (Bengaluru) which is a highly prestigious college for engineering studies .

[[Vibgyor High School]], has its 20th branch in Yelahanka.

[[Srishti Institute of Art Design and Technology]], has six campuses across Yelahanka New Town.

[[White Petals School]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wpseducation.com/|title=White Petals International Pre-School {{!}}|last=Pre-School|first=White Petals International|website=www.wpseducation.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-18|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119015415/http://www.wpseducation.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (WPS) is located in fourth Phase Yelahanka. It has been awarded as "Best Upcoming School" by Education Today.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

==Defence establishments==
* The [[Indian Air Force]] has a presence in Yelahanka with an [[Yelahanka Air Force Station|Air Force Station]] and a defence airport situated on NH7. An [[Aero India|international air show]] is held every two years which attracts manufacturers and sellers of defence equipment, defence aircraft, and "next gen" fighters.
* The [[Border Security Force|BSF (Border Security Force)]] has a training center in Yelahanka. The Special Operations training center is located on NH7, towards the northern part of the suburb, on the road leading to BIAL.
* [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force)]] has a training school for their officers and troops at Yelahanka, with residential campuses for the troops. CRPF campus is located in a lush green environment on Doddaballapur Road.
* [[Karnataka Police#Reserve police|Karnataka State Reserve Police]] has its training facility at Yelahanka. The academy is located in the northern part of the suburb, near the Air Force station.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ksp.gov.in/home/aboutus-specialunits.php |title=Karnataka State Police |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-date=14 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614173616/http://www.ksp.gov.in/home/aboutus-specialunits.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0wSoEIub1YC&q=Yelahanka&pg=PA41 | title=Mysore: a gazetteer compiled for government | publisher=Karnataka Gazetteer | year=2004 | access-date=24 February 2012 | author=Rice, B. Lewis | pages=40–48| isbn=9788120609778 }}
* {{note|yelahankagov}}Government of [[Karnataka]]. [http://www.yelahankacity.gov.in/ City of Yelahanka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025070728/http://www.yelahankacity.gov.in/ |date=25 October 2005 }}. "Yelahanka City Municipal Council". Accessed 2 November 2005.

==External links==
*[[Yelahanka Junction railway station]]
* {{commons category-inline}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Bangalore}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in North Bengaluru]]

Himani Bannerji

2026-03-16T06:13:10Z

ScarlettFlannaga: cleanup

{{Short description|Bengali-Canadian author and sociologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Himani Bannerji
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| birth_date = 1942
| birth_place = British India
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| alma_mater = [[Visva-Bharati University]], B.A. [[Jadavpur University]], M.A. [[University of Toronto]], M.A. [[University of Toronto]], Ph.D.
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{{feminism sidebar}}

'''Himani Bannerji''' (born 1942) is a [[Indian Canadians|Bengali-Canadian]] author and [[Sociology|sociologist]].<ref name="TMU" /><ref name="CSPI">{{Cite web|title=Himani Bannerji|url=https://www.canadianscholars.ca/authors/himani-bannerji|access-date=25 November 2020|website=Canadian Scholars|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mandal |first=Somdatta |date=2017-06-15 |title=An Interview with Himani Bannerji |url=https://journals.iium.edu.my/asiatic/index.php/ajell/article/view/970 |journal=Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature |volume=11 |issue=1 |doi=10.31436/asiatic.v11i1.970 |issn=1985-3106|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Early life and education==
Bannerji was born in what is now [[Bangladesh]], then a part of [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Kain |first=Geoffrey |url=https://archive.org/details/asianamericannov0000unse/page/8/mode/2up |title=Asian American novelists: a bio-bibliographical critical sourcebook |date=2000 |publisher=Greenwood Press |others= |isbn=978-0-313-30911-3 |editor-last=Nelson |editor-first=Emmanuel S. |pages=8-12 |chapter=Himani Bannerji}}</ref><ref name="TMU" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kandiuk |first=Mary |url=http://archive.org/details/caribbeansouthas0000kand |title=Caribbean and South Asian writers in Canada: a bibliography of their works and of English-language criticism |date=2007 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5883-1}}</ref> She studied in [[Dhaka]] then in [[Kolkata]].<ref name="TMU" /><ref name=":1" /> She received her B.A. and M.A. in English from [[Visva-Bharati University]] and [[Jadavpur University]] respectively, becoming a lecturer at the latter from 1965 to 1969.<ref name=":1" /> She then received her M.A. from the [[University of Toronto]] and taught at [[Victoria College, Toronto|Victoria College]] and [[York University|Atkinson College]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She started work on a PhD in sociology in 1980 and it was completed in 1988 with the title: ''The Politics of Representation: A Study of Class and Class Struggle in the Political Theatre of West Bengal''.<ref name="TMU">{{Cite web|title=Himani Bannerji|url=https://library.torontomu.ca/asianheritage/authors/bannerji_himani/|access-date=25 November 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=19 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260119205930/https://library.torontomu.ca/asianheritage/authors/bannerji_himani/|url-status=live|website=Toronto Metropolitan University}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

==Career==
She is a Senior Scholar in the Department of Sociology<ref>{{Cite web |title=Himani Bannerji |url=https://www.yorku.ca/research/ycar/associate/himani-bannerji/ |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=York Centre for Asian Research |language=en-CA}}</ref> and has taught in the Graduate Program in Social and Political Thought and the Graduate Program in Women's Studies at [[York University]] in Canada.<ref name=":0" />

Bannerji works in the areas of [[Marxist philosophy|Marxist]], [[Feminist theory|feminist]], and [[Anti-racism|anti-racist]] theory.<ref name="CSPI" /> She is especially focused on reading [[Colonialism|colonial]] discourse through [[Karl Marx]]'s concept of ideology and putting together a reflexive analysis of gender, race and class.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bannerji |first=Himani |date=2005 |title=Building from Marx: Reflections on Class and Race |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29768341 |journal=Social Justice |volume=32 |issue=4 (102) |pages=144–160 |issn=1043-1578}}</ref> Bannerji also lectures about the [[gaze]] and the [[other (philosophy)|othering]] and silencing of women who are marginalized.<ref name=":0" />

She was awarded the 2005 Rabindra Memorial Prize for her book ''Inventing Subjects: Studies in Hegemony, Patriarchy and Colonialism.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-09-26 |title=York professor receives prestigious Indian literary prize |url=https://www.yorku.ca/yfile/2005/09/26/york-professor-receives-prestigious-indian-literary-prize/ |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=YFile |language=en-CA}}</ref>

She has also written poetry and children's fiction.<ref name="TMU" /> Two of her articles have been published in ''Rungh'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bannerji |first=Himani |date=1998 |title=A Letter from the Gulf |url=https://digital.lib.sfu.ca/rungh-south-asian-quarterly-culture-comment-and-criticism-volume-4-number-1-2 |magazine=Rungh |page=35 |volume=4 |issue=1/2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bannerji |first=Himani |date=1993 |title=Reorganizing Orientalist Constructions |url=https://rungh.org/reorganizing-orientalist-constructions/ |magazine=Rungh |volume=6 |issue=4}}</ref>

==Bibliography==

=== Non-fiction ===
*{{Cite book |title=The ideological condition: selected essays on history, race and gender |date=2020 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-44161-3 |location=Leiden}}
*{{Cite book |title=Demography and democracy: essays on nationalism, gender and ideology |date=2011 |publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press |isbn=978-1-55130-389-5 |location=Toronto}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bannerji |first=Himani |title=Inventing subjects: studies in hegemony, patriarchy, and colonialism |date=2001 |publisher=Tulika |isbn=978-81-85229-47-8 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>
*{{Cite book |title=Inventing subjects: studies in hegemony, patriarchy, and colonialism |date=2001 |publisher=Tulika |isbn=978-81-85229-47-8 |location=New Delhi}}
*{{Cite book |title=The dark side of the nation: essays on multiculturalism, nationalism and gender |date=2009 |publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press |isbn=978-1-55130-172-3 |location=Toronto}}
*{{Cite book |title=The writing on the wall: essays on culture and politics |date=1993 |publisher=TSAR |isbn=978-0-920661-30-7 |location=Toronto}}
*{{Cite book |title=Thinking through: essays on feminism, Marxism and anti-racism |date=1995 |publisher=Women's Press |isbn=978-0-88961-208-2 |location=Toronto}}
*{{Cite book |url= |title=The mirror of class: essays on Bengali theatre |date=1998 |publisher=Papyrus |location=Calcutta}}

===Fiction===
* {{Cite book |title=Coloured pictures |date=1991 |publisher=Sister Vision Press |isbn=978-0-920813-86-7 |location=Toronto}}
* "Her mother's ashes" in {{Cite book |title=Her mother's ashes and other stories by South Asian women in Canada and the United States |date=1994 |publisher=TSAR |isbn=978-0-920661-40-6 |editor-last=Aziz |editor-first=Nurjehan |edition= |location=Toronto}}

===Poetry===
*{{Cite book |title=Doing time: poems |date=1986 |publisher=Sister Vision |isbn=978-0920813010 |location=Toronto}}
*{{Cite book |title=A separate sky |date=1982 |publisher=Domestic Bliss |location=Toronto}} Includes her English translation of Bengali poems by Subhas Mukhapadhyay, Manbendra Bandyopadhyay, and Shamshur Rahman.

===As co-author===

*{{Cite book |title=Of Property and Propriety: The Role of Gender and Class in Imperialism and Nationalism |date=2001 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4426-7800-2 |editor-last=Bannerji |editor-first=Himani |editor-last2=Mojab |editor-first2=Shahrzad |editor-last3=Whitehead |editor-first3=Judith}}

=== As editor ===
*{{Cite book |title=Unsettling relations: the university as a site of feminist struggles |date=1992 |publisher=South End Press |isbn=978-0-89608-452-0 |edition= |location=Boston}}
*{{Cite book |title=Returning the gaze: essays on racism, feminism, and politics |date=1993 |publisher=Sister Vision |isbn=978-0-920813-55-3 |location=Toronto}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.yorku.ca/research/ycar/associate/himani-bannerji/ York faculty profile]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bannerji, Himani}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Women writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Canadian feminist writers]]
[[Category:Canadian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Bengali descent]]
[[Category:Canadian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Canadian writers of Asian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian Hindus]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Toronto alumni]]
[[Category:Visva-Bharati University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of York University]]
[[Category:Canadian Marxist writers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Bengali philosophers]]
[[Category:Canadian women philosophers]]
[[Category:Marxist feminists]]
[[Category:Canadian sociologists]]
[[Category:Canadian women sociologists]]

Hyderabad–Visakhapatnam Godavari Express

2026-03-07T16:44:20Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Creating New Details

{{distinguish|Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Manmad Godavari Express}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Hyderabad-Visakhapatnam Godavari Express
| image = 50 years celebration.png
| image_width =
| caption = Godavari Express at Hyderabad Nampally
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]]
| status =
| locale = [[Telangana]] & [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| first = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1974|02|01}}
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railway]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Hyderabad Deccan}} (HYB)
| stops = 18
| end = {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam}} (VSKP)
| distance = {{convert|710|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 12 hours 25 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-Catering, On-board catering
| observation = Large windows
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = [[Broad Gauge]] (1,676 mm)
| trainnumber = 12727 / 12728
| speed = {{convert|60|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = [[File:Godavari Express map.PNG|250px]] The route map of Godavari Express.
}}

The 12727 / 12728 '''Hyderabad-Visakhapatnam Godavari Express''' is a [[Express trains in India|superfast express]] train of [[South Central Railway zone]], operating between [[Hyderabad]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Train Name Index|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2015-16/Train_Name_index.pdf|website=Portal of Indian Railways|accessdate=31 May 2017|page=5}}</ref> and [[Visakhapatnam]].

== History ==
On 1 February 1974, the [[Indian Railways]] announced the first railway service between Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam, the Waltair-Hyderabad Express.

In the early days, the train ran once daily, departing from Visakhapatnam station at 5:20 p.m. and arriving at Hyderabad station at 6:45 a.m. the next morning. During the return journey, the train departed Hyderabad at 5:15 p.m. and arrived at Visakhapatnam station at 5:50 a.m. the next morning. The train was officially renamed Godavari Express as it provided rail connectivity to nine stations across East and West Godavari districts.

It was hauled by a steam locomotive and had 17 coaches. Its highest speed of 50 km/h came between [[Samalkota|Samalkot]] and [[Rajahmundry]]. A slip service was introduced during 1975, and the train began to run up to [[Kakinada]]. As a result, five more coaches were added. The train entered a Rake Sharing Agreement or RSA with [[Simhadri Express]], which ran between Visakhapatnam and Rajahmundry. However, in 1980, both the slip service and the RSA were canceled as the Simhadri Express was extended to [[Bhimavaram]] and the Kakinada–[[Secunderabad]] [[Gowthami Express]] was introduced.

The train later ran with a [[diesel locomotive]]. By 1990, the train had become popular, and two more coaches were introduced, taking the total to 24. It became one of the longest trains in India. When the Visakhapatnam–[[Vijayawada]] line and the Vijayawada–[[Kazipet]]–Hyderabad lines were electrified, the train started running with the [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] electric locomotive. Soon, the Godavari Express became the first [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railway]] train to offer 5 air-conditioned coaches.

In June 1999, the train met with its first accident, derailing at [[Ghanpur, Wanaparthy district|Ghanpur]] near [[Warangal]]. In the year 2000, the Godavari Express became the first train in the South Central railway to run with an air-conditioned first-class coach and the first in the Zone to have 6 air-conditioned coaches. In 2011, on becoming a Superfast train, it was renumbered to 12727 and was hauled by a [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]]. Engineers modified the train timings again, and consequently, further reduced the journey time by 15 minutes.

In July and August 2011, passengers of the air-conditioned coaches were robbed twice, and a hoax call was made regarding a bomb in the sixth coach. As a result, safety was enhanced, and the train started running with a WAP-7 from end to end. This train then became the first to run with a WAP-7 between [[Visakhapatnam]] and Vijayawada.<ref>{{cite news|title=Raised railway fares become operational|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Raised-railway-fares-become-operational/articleshow/12495473.cms|work=The Times of India|date=April 2012 |accessdate=2 April 2012}}</ref> Hundreds of people from Visakhapatnam district travel to [[Secunderabad]] daily through Godavari Express.

== Coaches ==
The train was upgraded with [[LHB coach]] on 1 June 2020, running from both Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam by South Central Railway. Previously It was upgraded as an Utkrist CBC rake train in 2018. It ran until 22 March 2020 when lockdown started.

== Route and halts ==

* '''{{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Duvvada}}
* {{stnlnk|Anakapalle}}
* {{stnlnk|Elamanchili}}
* {{stnlnk|Narsipatnam Road}}
* [[Tuni railway station, Andhra Pradesh|Tuni]]
* {{stnlnk|Annavaram}}
* {{stnlnk|Pithapuram}}
* {{stnlnk|Samalkot Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Anaparti}}
* {{stnlnk|Rajahmundry}}
* {{stnlnk|Nidadavolu Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Tadepalligudem}}
* {{stnlnk|Eluru}}
* {{stnlnk|Vijayawada Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Khammam}}
* {{stnlnk|Warangal}}
* {{stnlnk|Kazipet Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Secunderabad Junction}}
* '''[[Hyderabad Deccan railway station|Hyderabad Deccan]]'''

==Traction==
It is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda|Lallaguda Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive from end to end.

==Celebration==
The [[South coastal Railway]] in {{rws|Visakhapatnam Junction}} and [[South Central Railway]] in {{rws|Hyderabad Deccan}} has celebrated which the train marked the 50th anniversary of a train on February 2, 2024.

== See also ==
* [[Secunderabad railway station ]]
* [[Visakhapatnam railway station]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/530?kkk=1277956807308 12727/Godavari Superfast Express] ''India Rail Info''

{{South Central Railway zone}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Godavari Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Transport in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1974]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

Ranangan

2026-03-04T09:42:11Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New details - done

{{Short description|2018 Indian Marathi-language political drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ranangan
| image = Ranangan Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = Rakesh Sarang
| writer =
| based_on =
| producer =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]
*[[Swapnil Joshi]]
*[[Siddharth Chandekar]]
*[[Suchitra Bandekar]]
}}
| cinematography = Prasad Bhende
| editing = Dharmesh Patel
| music = Amar Mohile
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|05|11}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget = 
}}

'''''Ranangan''''' (transl. Battlefield) is a 2018 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language political [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by Rakesh Sarang and produced by Vaibhav Uttamrao Joshi. The film stars [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]], [[Swapnil Joshi]], [[Siddharth Chandekar]], [[Suchitra Bandekar]] and Pranali Ghogare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/launch-movie-ranjan-will-be-held-maharashtra-date/|title='रणांगण' चित्रपटाचा ट्रेलर लाँच,या तारखेला होणार संपूर्ण महाराष्ट्रात होणार प्रदर्शित|date=24 April 2018|work=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922101232/https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/launch-movie-ranjan-will-be-held-maharashtra-date/|archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> [[Amar Mohile]] composed the music with cinematography by Prasad Bhende. It was theatrically released on 11 May 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/sachin-pilgaonkar-swapnil-joshi-starrer-marathi-movie-ranagan-new-poster-released-1666551/|title=अनोख्या रंगसंगतीने खुललं 'रणांगण'|date=21 April 2018|work=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922100513/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/sachin-pilgaonkar-swapnil-joshi-starrer-marathi-movie-ranagan-new-poster-released-1666551/|archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-REV-PRE-HDLN-marathi-film-ranangan-5843841-NOR.html|title=रणांगण|date=29 September 2023|work=[[DB Corp|Divya Marathi]]|language=en|access-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929100223/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-REV-PRE-HDLN-marathi-film-ranangan-5843841-NOR.html|archive-date=29 September 2023}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with a young woman named Priya ([[Prarthana Behere]]), dressed in bridal attire, following the sound of a flute to a fort at night. There, she encounters Sagar ([[Swapnil Joshi]]), who is playing the instrument. Priya confesses her love for him and reveals that she left her wedding to be with him. Although Sagar initially appears pleased, he confronts her for aborting their child. Priya explains that she did so to begin a new life with him. Upon hearing this, Sagar reveals that he has no other choice and pushes her off a cliff, causing her death. Later, while returning by train, a man tells Sagar that he witnessed what Sagar did, leaving him shocked.

The story then shifts to the household of Dr. Shyamrao Deshmukh ([[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]), a former principal-turned-politician who runs an educational trust and a university in [[Pune]]. Shyamrao lives with his wife Kalindi ([[Suchitra Bandekar]]) and their son Varad ([[Siddharth Chandekar]]), who has had two failed marriages due to impotence. Shyamrao is an arrogant and ambitious politician seeking a ticket to the [[Rajya Sabha]], and he often belittles his brother-in-law Anna (Anand Ingale). Shyamrao's elderly aunt Aatya (Shital Shukla) is aware of his misdeeds and despises him.

One day, Shyamrao visits his spiritual leader, Guruji ([[Madhav Abhyankar]]), accompanied by Varad. At Guruji’s residence, Varad meets Sanika ([[Pranali Ghogare]]), who is later revealed to be Guruji’s granddaughter. Guruji confides to Shyamrao that Sanika is pregnant out of wedlock after being deceived by a man named Avinash. Shyamrao, upon hearing this, shares Varad’s situation and proposes that Varad and Sanika should marry, believing they would be a suitable match. Guruji agrees, and the two are married.

After their marriage, a man named Shlok arrives at the Deshmukh residence. Sanika faints upon seeing him, though everyone except Shyamrao is pleased by his arrival. Shlok is revealed to be Varad’s adopted elder brother. However, Shlok’s constant advances toward Sanika make her uncomfortable, angering Shyamrao.

It is later revealed that Shlok and Avinash are the same person, and that Shlok was also the man known as Sagar who pushed Priya off the cliff earlier. When Varad and Sanika move temporarily to their farmhouse, Shlok visits and cryptically confesses his true identity to Sanika, reminding her of their past.

Shyamrao later meets Shlok at a dilapidated school, where it is revealed that Shyamrao had instructed Shlok to impregnate Sanika, as he wanted to ensure that only Deshmukh blood would continue his lineage. It is also revealed that Shlok is Shyamrao’s biological son from another woman. The story then flashes back 25 years, when Shlok’s mother, Kavita Sabnis ([[Mukta Barve]]), was a teacher at the same school where Shyamrao served as principal. The two fell in love, and Kavita became pregnant. When Shyamrao left her to marry Kalindi, Kavita confronted him and threatened to expose him. To protect his reputation, Shyamrao killed her, took the baby, and fabricated a story that Shlok had been adopted as an orphan. Motivated by revenge, Shlok returns to confront Shyamrao and demands that he confess his crime to the police. Shyamrao refuses, prompting Shlok to declare that a war between them is inevitable.

Meanwhile, Shyamrao becomes increasingly desperate to secure his Rajya Sabha ticket and even mortgages his house despite warnings from his friend Srinivas (Umesh Damle). He has Shlok arrested through deceit, but Kalindi bails him out. Later, Shlok attempts to abduct Sanika from the university, but Shyamrao intervenes. Shyamrao then hires a goon named Usman ([[Sanjay Narvekar]]) to kidnap Shlok until the elections are over. However, after learning about Shlok’s past, Aslam sympathizes with him and helps him instead, falsely informing Shyamrao that Shlok has been captured. Aatya tells Shyamrao to stop his evil deeds but he tries to strangle her. However he is caught red-handed by Anna but says nothing out of awkwardness and tells him that he has secured the Rajya Sabha nomination

A celebration event is held at his university. During the event, Shlok exposes the truth about Shyamrao’s past before the media. The news quickly spreads on social media, leading to widespread outrage. Shyamrao loses his election ticket, and students protest outside his university, tearing down his cutout in anger.

Upon returning home, Shyamrao finds that Kalindi, his aunt, Sanika, and Varad are preparing to leave him. Varad confronts his father, asserting that a man’s worth is not defined by his ability to father children and also says that there are other ways to bring a child into this world. Shyamrao defends his actions, claiming he only sought to preserve his bloodline and he did it for Varad so that he wouldn't have to live in shame due his impotence. He further justifies by saying that a random child wouldn't have Deshmukh blood and wouldn't be able to run his educational trust. Kalindi reminds him that the educational trust was established by her father and he gave it Shyamrao. As Sanika attempts to leave, Shyamrao stops her, saying he never cared for her and only wanted the child she was carrying. Distraught, Sanika collapses and is hospitalized; though she survives, her unborn child dies.

In the final sequence, Shyamrao meets Shlok at the same abandoned school. He offers Shlok all his wealth in exchange for the child, but Shlok rejects him, saying that everything is already lost. Shlok hands Shyamrao a gun and tells him to end his own life. Realizing the truth of Shlok’s words, Shyamrao shoots himself. Hearing the gunshot, Shlok looks toward the sky, feeling that justice has finally been served for his mother, and walks away.

==Cast==
*[[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-sachin-pilgaonkar-look-in-movie-ranangan-5834769-NOR.html |title= सचिन पिळगांवकर यांचा नवीन चित्रपटातील लुक आला समोर, दिसले शिक्षणमंत्रीच्या रुपात |date=29 September 2023|work=[[DB Corp|Divya Marathi]]|language=en|access-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929101623/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-sachin-pilgaonkar-look-in-movie-ranangan-5834769-NOR.html |archive-date=29 September 2023}}</ref> as Dr. Shyamrao Deshmukh
*[[Swwapnil Joshi]] as Shlok/Avinash/Sagar
*[[Siddharth Chandekar]] as Varad Shyamrao Deshmukh
*[[Suchitra Bandekar]] as Kalandi Shyamrao Deshmukh
*[[Pranali Ghogare]] as Sanika Varad Deshmukh
*Anand Ingale as Anna
*[[Mukta Barve]] as Kavita Sabnis
*[[Prarthana Behere]] as Priya
*[[Sanjay Narvekar]] as Usman
*Madhav Abhyankar as Guruji
*Vijay Patwardhan as Janardan
*Shital Shukla as Aatya
*Umesh Damle as Srinivas
*[[Santosh Juvekar]] as Dancer in song “Naad Karaycha Naay“
*[[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]] as Dancer in song “Naad Karaycha Naay”
*[[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]] as Dancer in song “Naad Karaycha Naay”
*[[Prajakta Mali]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-VART-vinayaka-gajanana-song-from-the-marathi-movie-ranangan-release-5837023-PHO.html |title= 'वाट दाखवी आम्हा, गौरीनंदना... ', स्वप्नीलच्या 'रणांगण'मधील पहिले गाणे रिलीज |date=29 September 2023|work=[[DB Corp|Divya Marathi]]|language=en|access-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929101139/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-VART-vinayaka-gajanana-song-from-the-marathi-movie-ranangan-release-5837023-PHO.html |archive-date=29 September 2023}}</ref> as Dancer in song “Vinayaka Gajanana”

==Reception==
===Critical response===
Reshma Raikwar of ''[[Loksatta]]'' wrote "This confusion has proved fatal to his character. In fact, Swapnil's hard work both physically and mentally for this film is visible, but it does not make an impact. Despite being the first film, System Ghogre has played the role of Sanika well. Despite the potential in the story, director Rakesh Sarang's insistence on dramaturgy does not make this 'Battlefield' effective despite the powerful warriors".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/review/movie-review/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3-1678342/lite/ |title='नाटय़'मय रणांगण |date=12 May 2018|work=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922091621/https://www.loksatta.com/review/movie-review/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3-1678342/ |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Lokmat]]'' says "It has to be said that Swapnil has won in this film. Swapnil has done amazing acting in many scenes only through eyes. The film's dialogues are also applaudable. Except for [[Sakhya Re]], no song in the film is lip smacking. Overall if you are a fan of Swapnil Joshi then definitely don't miss this movie".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/ranangan-marathi-movie-review-swapnil-joshi-image-shooter/ |title=ranangan marathi movie review : स्वप्निल जोशीच्या इमेजला छेद देणारे रणांगण |date=10 May 2018|work=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922093822/https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/ranangan-marathi-movie-review-swapnil-joshi-image-shooter/ |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> Keyur Seta from ''Cinestaan.com'' says "There is nothing more to his act though. Swwapnil Joshi shows the right attitude needed for his mysterious character. But his character lacks depth and layers".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/ranangan-36517 |title=Ranangan review: Sachin Pilgaonkar, Swwapnil Joshi lock horns in outdated subject that is devoid of logic |date=11 May 2018|work=Cinestaan.com|language=en|access-date=22 September 2023|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608094358/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/ranangan-36517 |archive-date=8 June 2023}}</ref> Ibrahim Afghan from ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' wrote "There is consistency in Sachin's acting. The role of Swapneel is actually completed by a hair dresser. He has acted while picking up his mouth".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/ranangan-movie-review/moviereview/64117156.cms |title=रणांगण |date=11 May 2018|work=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922095316/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/ranangan-movie-review/moviereview/64117156.cms |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> Mihir Bhanage of ''[[The Times of India]]'' says "The promos of this film had raised expectations and for a fair amount of time, the team tries to meet those. Ultimately, what could've been a pretty good watch ends up being just a decent one".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/ranangan/movie-review/64126256.cms |title=RANANGAN MOVIE REVIEW |date=11 May 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=mr|access-date=22 September 2023|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922095854/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/ranangan/movie-review/64126256.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt8396318}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Shanti Nilayam

2026-03-04T05:09:59Z

ScarlettFlannaga: basic corrected article for accuracy

{{for-multi|the ashram of [[Sathya Sai Baba]]|Prasanthi Nilayam|the TV series|Shanthi Nilayam (TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Shanti Nilayam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = G. S. Mani
| writer = [[Chithralaya Gopu]]
| producer = [[S. S. Vasan]]
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]
| cinematography = [[Marcus Bartley]]
| editing = Umanath
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|1969|05|23|df=y}}
| runtime = 149 minutes{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=208}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Shanti Nilayam''''' ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|ɑː|n|θ|i}} {{translation|Peaceful House}}) is a 1969 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Musical film|musical]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], directed by G. S. Mani in his debut. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]], with [[Nagesh]], [[Vijaya Lalitha]], [[Pandari Bai]], [[K. Balaji]] and [[V. S. Raghavan]] in supporting roles. It is based on the English novel ''[[Jane Eyre]]'' (1847) by [[Charlotte Brontë]] and the American film [[The Sound of Music (film)|''The Sound of Music'']] (1965).

''Shanti Nilayam'' was released on 23 May 1969, and ran for over 100 days in theatres. [[Marcus Bartley]] won the [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]], and [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer]]. The film was remade in Telugu under the same title in 1972.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=209}}

== Plot ==
Malathi, after losing her parents, lives with her aunt who tortures and treats her like a servant. One day she is dumped in a waste materials facility and she falls sick. Doctor Vijayan, who comes to treat her, sympathises and admits her in a private school-cum-hostel for orphans. Malathi grows up into a young lady and becomes a teacher in the same school.

Baskar, a rich estate owner, lives in Shanthi Nilayam with his older brother Sekar's children (four daughters and a son) and is finding it difficult to bring them up as they are very naughty and the hired governess runs away every time. His cousin Ramu and his mother live in the estate too. Baskar conveys his need to Dr. Vijayan who convinces Malathi to accept the governess job. Initially, the children do not accept Malathi, but her understanding and matured nature soon wins them over. Baskar appreciates her work.

Strange things happen in the house: Pappamma, the servant maid laughs and walks at midnight with a candle, Balu visits Baskar regularly for money. Malathi suspects something wrong in the house. She learns that one of the children, Geetha, an innocent loves Ramu. One night Baskar's coat catches fire and Malathi douses it. She demands to know why Baskar looks like he has lost something, but he does not reply. Balu comes again and Baskar gives him money and tells him that he will not give him any more.

Baskar's family friend, Parvatham arrives with her husband and daughter Sheela. Parvatham suggests the marriage of Baskar and Sheela and Malathi is upset hearing this. Malathi's aunt, with her daughters Saradha and Sumathi, arrives there after having fallen in their lives. Ramu's mother accepts them and they stay with Malathi. Sheela and her mother treat Malathi and her relatives badly. They spread rumours about Malathi, and Baskar shouts at Malathi to behave properly like an educated person. Malathi feels that even Baskar is treating her like a servant and decides to leave the house. However, Ramu stops her and states the children's needs and she stays back. Baskar understands Malathi's commitment to the family and expresses his love for her. Sheela overhears this and shouts at Malathi for snatching away Baskar. Baskar asks Sheela and her family to leave. The children are happy about Malathi and Baskar uniting. Baskar schedules their wedding for the following Friday. One day, Malathi sees Balu with bloodstains and demands an explanation from Baskar who promises to reveal everything soon.

During the marriage proceeding, Balu arrives and states that Baskar has already married his sister. Baskar accepts and reveals that he indeed married Janaki, a mad woman and explains the circumstances of the marriage. Baskar's father in an altercation, hit Singaram, Balu's father, leading to his death. Balu blackmails Baskar's father to marry his sister to Bhaskar and give a part of the wealth to her. Baskar's father refuses, but Baskar, to save the family's prestige, agrees and marries Janaki, but finds her totally mad. He gives her the best medical treatment, but there is no improvement in Janaki. Pappamma cares for her. Baskar's brother Sekar was killed in a fire lit by Janaki. Ramu's mother confirms the facts and Malathi is shocked and leaves home. The children cry for her to stay and Kavitha, one of them, follows her. Kavitha falls down unconscious and Malathi stops and returns home along with Dr. Vijayan, who arrives there.

Meanwhile, Balu demands Baskar to transfer the wealth belonging to Janaki to him and threatens to kill him otherwise. Baskar takes him on and beats him. At the same time, Janaki comes out of her room and puts the house on fire. Balu, Janaki and Pappamma die in the fire. Malathi, Ramu and Dr. Vijayan arrive and save everybody. Baskar and Malathi marry.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=209}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Gemini Ganesan]] as [[Edward Rochester|Bhaskar]]
*[[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as [[Jane Eyre (character)|Malathi]]
*[[Vijaya Lalitha]] as Sheela
*[[Nagesh]] as Ramu
*[[K. Balaji]] as Balu
*[[Pandari Bai]] as Ramu's mother
*[[V. S. Raghavan]] as Bhaskar's father
*Vijaya Chandrika as [[Bertha Mason|Janaki]]
*Leela as Paapamma
*[[Rama Prabha]] as Geetha
*[[Manjula Vijayakumar|Manjula]] as Bhaskar's niece
*[[Senthamarai (actor)|Senthamarai]] as Singaram
}}

== Production ==
Producer [[S. S. Vasan]]'s son-in-law G. S. Mani sought to remake the American film ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]'' (1965) in Tamil and asked [[Chithralaya Gopu]] to write the screenplay for the Tamil version, then present it to Vasan as a surprise. Although Vasan liked the screenplay, he felt that the film would not cater to rural audiences, so it was rewritten to be closer to the [[Charlotte Brontë]] novel ''[[Jane Eyre]]'' (1847). The film was Mani's directorial debut.<ref name="shanti">{{Cite web |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=12 October 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 38: கோபுவிடம் கதை கேட்ட வாசன் ! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/143969-38.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202024624/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/143969-38.html |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=Ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2020 |title=சித்ராலயா கோபுவின், மலரும் நினைவுகள்! (12) |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/chitralaya-gobus-blooming-memories-12/53461 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404045328/https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/chitralaya-gobus-blooming-memories-12/53461 |archive-date=4 April 2024 |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by [[Marcus Bartley]], and editing by Umanath.<ref name="BFTP" /> Gopu's recommendation of [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] for the lead role was agreed upon by Mani. The film was entirely shot at [[Ooty]] and Mohana Kumari was in charge of the art direction. Camera techniques were used in the song "Bhoomiyil Iruppadhu" to show that a helium balloon was flying, while in reality it was not.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=209}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shanti Nilayam (1969) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/Tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000602 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213114710/http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/Shanthi-Nilayam-T0000602 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=21 February 2012 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shanthi Nilayam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by M S Viswanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/shanthi-nilayam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209131217/https://mossymart.com/product/shanthi-nilayam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=9 February 2023 |access-date=9 February 2023 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] made his debut in Tamil cinema with this film by singing the song "Iyarkai Ennum",<ref>{{Cite web |last=நவ்ஷத் |date=6 January 2017 |title=எஸ்பிபி 50 ஆண்டுகள்: எனக்கு இசைதான் தாய்மொழி' |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/216264-50.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200227072930/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/216264-50-3.html |archive-date=27 February 2020 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> even though ''[[Adimai Penn]]'' (which he signed after ''Shanti Nilayam'') was released first. Balasubrahmanyam's remuneration for the song was {{INRConvert|150|year=1969}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopu |first=Chitralaya |author-link=Chithralaya Gopu |date=25 September 2020 |title=Remembering SPB's maiden song |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/remembering-spbs-maiden-song/article32695074.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125023835/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/remembering-spbs-maiden-song/article32695074.ece |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 16.96
| title1 = Iyarkai Ennum
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 3.29
| title2 = Kadavul Orunaal
| extra2 = P. Susheela
| length2 = 4.33
| title3 = Boomiyil Irupathum Vanathil
| extra3 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| length3 = 3.02
| title4 = Selvangale
| extra4 = P. Susheela
| length4 = 3.08
| title5 = Pennai Parthum
| extra5 = [[L. R. Eswari]]
| length5 = 3.24
| title6 = Iraivan Varuvaan
| extra6 = P. Susheela
| length6 = 3.52
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Shanti Nilayam'' was released on 23 May 1969.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 May 1969 |title=Shanti Nilayam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19690523&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=30 August 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=12 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said the film "succeeds extraordinarily in so far as it adapts (or copies) ''The Sound of Music''. But it fails miserably in other parts". The critic lauded [[Marcus Bartley]]'s cinematography, particularly the outdoor shots, but felt the indoor shots "do not go with the story", and though the sets were well designed, "nothing more than a few sofa sets are used". They also praised the music and said Ganesan was "very stiff" in romantic scenes and Kanchana was "ravishing" despite her role not being well written.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 May 1969 |title=Julie Andrews—Jane Eyre combination |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19690525&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=3 April 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film ran for over 100 days in theatres,<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=28 March 2015 |title=Shanthi Nilayam 1969 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shanthi-nilayam-1969/article7043353.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801143511/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shanthi-nilayam-1969/article7043353.ece |archive-date=1 August 2016 |access-date=29 March 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and Bartley won the [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 1970 |title=Eleventh National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226002621/http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf |archive-date=26 February 2012 |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> while Balasubrahmanyam won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer]].{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=209}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=0390476}}
{{Jane Eyre}}

[[Category:1969 Indian films]]
[[Category:1960s musical drama films]]
[[Category:1969 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1969 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1969 films]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Films based on Jane Eyre]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. Govardhanam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Chithralaya Gopu]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1969 musical films]]

Brazinho Soares Kalapurkar

2026-03-03T23:35:51Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Added - done

{{Short description|Indian writer and playwright (born 1938)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Brazinho Soares Kalapurkar
| image = Brazinho Soares, the collector of Konkani books (cropped).jpg
| caption = Soares in 2015
| birth_name = Brasinho de Santa Nunila Soares
| other_names = Brazinho De Vanta Nunila Soares
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|10|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calapor]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Writer|playwright|actor|critic|archivist}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Natalina Fernandes|1964}}
| children = 1
| years_active = 1958–present
}}

'''Brazinho de Santa Nunila Soares''' (born 24 October 1938), known by his [[pen name]] '''Brazinho Soares Kalapurkar''', is an Indian writer, playwright, theatre actor, [[theatre critic]], theatre [[archivist]], and former singer known for his work in ''[[tiatr]]'' (musical theatre) productions.

==Early life==
Young Soares was known for his extensive collection of publications from [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), India. While employed at Dr. Tamba's laboratory, where Dr. Tamba would eventually join [[Escola Médica Cirúrgica de Goa]], Soares dedicated his free time to perusing a range of news publications originating from Bombay. At a particular moment, a close associate of Soares, who shared a musical education background with him from a [[parish school]], gifted him a copy of the [[periodical]] ''Aitarachem Vachop'' published by the [[Salesian]]s. He was a friend of Soares, who worked at a [[printing press]], and recommended that Soares try his hand at composing a poem. Soares composed a poem and submitted it to the periodical, where it was published by the then-editor Fr. Caitan Lobo, an event which appears to have encouraged Soares' interest in writing and publishing.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Menezes |first=Dale Luis |date=7 August 2013 |title=Brazinho Soares: A 'Konkani Munis' |work=Gomantak Times |pages=30}}</ref>

Soares habitually perused news periodicals, retrieving them and storing them safely at his home. Over the years, he developed an avid interest in collecting publications from Bombay, amassing a large collection that included magazines such as ''Sot'', ''Sot Uloi'', and ''Cine Times'', as well as local [[Konkani language]] [[handbill]]s he found on the streets. Commencing in 1953, he initiated the assembly of this assortment, which expanded considerably as the years passed, eventually occupying a substantial portion of his family's residence. In 1986, as Soares' family required home renovations, the collection was transferred to an alternative site. However, when it was returned a few months later, Soares uncovered that the majority of the materials had succumbed to destruction caused by [[termite]]s. Saddened by this loss, Soares had to burn the damaged items, an experience that reportedly caused him great distress.<ref name=":1" />

==Career==

=== Konkani literature: writing and editing ===
Soares has contributed to [[Konkani literature]] since the late 1950s. His [[literary]] career began with the publication of his first poem, ''Doriachem Ojeap'' (1958), in the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] [[Weekly newspaper|weekly]] ''Aitarachem Vachop''.<ref name=":0" /> Throughout his professional career, Soares has written and contributed to a wide range of literary works, such as articles, [[short stories]], essays, plays, and poems.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scripting the Goan Tiatr |url=https://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/en/art-culture/scripting-the-goan-tiatr |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Goa, India}}</ref> His work has appeared in a wide range of [[periodical]]s, such as ''Ave Maria'', ''[[Vauraddeancho Ixtt]]'', ''A. Vanguarda'', ''Porjecho Adhar'', ''Goan Express'', ''Vauraddi'', ''Cine Times'', ''The Goa Mail'', ''Udentichem Noketr'', ''Goencho Sad'', ''Sot'', ''Divtti'', ''Uzvadd'', ''Loksad'', ''Gõykar'', ''Novem Goem'', ''Goencho Avaz'', ''Goenchem Ful'', ''Konkan Mail'', ''[[O Heraldo]]'', ''Goan Sports Weekly'', ''[[Dor Mhoineachi Rotti]]'', ''Konknni'', ''Arso'', ''Gulab'', ''Goencho Porzoll'', ''The Goan Review'', ''Goenchim Kinnam'', ''Goencho Pormoll'', ''Goencho Fuddari'', and ''Jivit'', among others. Soares has also served in [[editorial]] roles, working as the [[assistant editor]] for several Konkani monthlies, including ''Karnaval'', ''Goencho Gulab'', ''Hea Sonvsarant'', and ''Konknni Neketracho Uzvadd''. He has also authored and released two literary works: ''Mogachi Doulot'' (Poems) and ''Oparincho Jhelo'' (Collection of [[proverb]]s). Additionally, his works in Konkani have been showcased in the compilation, ''Who is Who of Indian Writers,'' by the [[Sahitya Akademi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=25 October 2015 |title=Tiatrist Profiles (Konkani Drama): Brazinho Soares |url=https://tiatracademyofgoa.com/ |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210194355/https://tiatracademyofgoa.com/ |archive-date=2011-02-10 }}</ref>

Soares's interest in literature began with [[Romi Konkani]] books and news publications, at a time when this activity was not widely practiced by the general populace. He is an avid reader of [[Konkani literature]], with a particular fondness for the works of fellow Konkani writer [[Reginald Fernandes]], who was known as the "King of Konkani Fiction". There were frequent exchanges of communication between Soares and Fernandes.<ref name=":1" />

=== Chronicler and critic of ''tiatrs'' ===
Soares is a [[chronicler]] of the ''[[tiatr]]'' form of Konkani theater. He authored several Konkani stories and ''tiatr'' plays over the course of his career. He has researched and chronicled the historical evolution of Konkani ''tiatr'', meticulously recording the events and progressions in the Konkani theatre. During the mid-1990s, Soares frequently shared his insights on theater in newspapers.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=263 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Participation in ''tiatrs'': Singing, acting, writing and directing ===
Apart from his contributions to literature and [[criticism]], Soares engaged in writing, directing, and acting in ''tiatr'' dramas like ''Ho To Monis'' (This is the Man) and ''Soddvonddar Mel'llo''. Soares performed alongside three fellow actors in the latter production. Additionally, his popular ''tiatr'' productions included ''Mogacho Xevott Simiterint'' (1970), ''Konn to Khuni'' (1980), and ''Bhutanchem Ghor'' (Ghost House), with the first two works being published as books, in addition to their theatrical productions.<ref name=":0" />

Soares initiated his acting career during his attendance at [[parochial school]] by portraying a blind boy in the popular ''tiatr Jurament Bhogsonam'', written by Luis Gonsalves. He went on to distinguish himself in the [[Kala Academy]]'s Tiatr Competition, winning the first prize for Best Setting three years in a row from 1977 to 1979, for theatrical works penned by Caetano Pereira. Over the course of his career, Soares has acted in several other popular [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''tiatrs'', including ''Kirmidor Bhav'' by Anthony Pereira, ''Norton Advogad'' by Paulino Dias, ''Noxibantlem Chukonnam'' by Peter Fernandes, and ''Bebdo Put'' by Gabrial Moraes. In addition to his acting work, Soares has been recognized for his literary accomplishments. In 1982, he won the second prize in the Ave Maria Furtado Award competition for his poem at an event held in [[Doha, Qatar]]. In 1992, he won the second prize in the Konkani Tiatristanchi Sonvstha's Tiatr Script Writing Competition for his work ''Konn To Khunni''.<ref name=":0" />

In his early career, Soares was involved in the ''tiatr'' performance scene as a singer in productions such as ''Angvonnecho Put'' by Frank de Santa Cruz and ''Kallokuch Kallokh'' by Caitano Pereira, among others. In the theatrical play ''Goenchi Suttka'', authored by F.X. Dias, he took on [[dual role|four different roles]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Collector of ''tiatr'' handbills ===
Apart from his roles in ''tiatr'' as a performer and writer, Soares has amassed a collection of Konkani [[literary]] works and scarce ''tiatr'' [[handbill]]s for preservation in his [[Private library|personal library]]. As of October 2015, Soares' collection comprised over 2,000 Konkani books and in excess of 1,000 historical ''tiatr'' handbills originating from the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese colonial period]] in [[Goa]]. Soares has shared his extensive collection with wider audiences on several occasions. In 2007, he was invited by the Kuwait Goans Tiatristanchi Sonvstha (Kuwait Goan Tiatr Artists' Association) to hold an [[exhibition]] of his ''tiatr'' handbills and books in [[Kuwait]]. He was requested by the [[Dalgado Konknni Akademi]] to exhibit his collection during their event Tisrem Konknni (Romi Lipi) Sahitya ani Sonvskruti Sommelon and by the [[Kala Academy]] Goa for the Celebration of 100 years of Tiatr in 1992.<ref name=":0" /> A 2016 article, titled, ''Collection of Handbills,'' on the [[Sahapedia]] platform, featured a collection of [[handbill]]s from Soares' collection of ''tiatr'' productions, spanning the years 1956 to 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection of Handbills |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/collection-of-handbills |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=Sahapedia |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Soares is a resident of the Dando [[Ward (electoral division)|ward]] in [[St. Cruz, Goa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brazinho De Vanta Nunila Soares ( aka: Brazinho Soares Kalapurkar ) |url=https://www.artandculture.goa.gov.in/en/brazinho-de-vanta-nunila-soares-aka-brazinho-soares-kalapurkar |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Goa, India}}</ref> Soares' home contains a substantial collection of [[handbill]]s, publications, and other materials related to the ''[[tiatr]]'' theatrical tradition and the [[Romi Konkani]] [[dialect]].<ref name=":1" />

Accounts have described Soares as being something of an "addict, lover, or crazy collector" of these items.<ref name=":2" /> During his early years, to support his collecting passion, Soares was known to carefully save his small daily breakfast allowance of {{INR Convert|0.75}} in order to quickly purchase books or newspapers before others could acquire them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brazinho Soares Kalapurkar |url=http://archive.org/details/motiam0000braz |title=Motiam |publisher=Tadeu Soares Prokaxon |others=Servants of Knowledge |pages=96 |language=gom}}</ref> Soares frequently allocated a significant portion of his funds to purchasing [[Goan Catholic literature|Romi Konkani literature]]. He would also occasionally take time off from work to travel the {{Cvt|30|km}} to [[Margão]], in order to expand his collection of [[Romi Konkani]] books.<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalapurkar, Brazinho Soares}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Writers from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]
[[Category:Actors from Goa]]

Dakota Express

2026-03-03T21:40:52Z

ScarlettFlannaga: cleaned up information after review and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dakota Express
| image = Dakota Express.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[M. S. Rajashekar]]
| producer = [[Rockline Venkatesh]]
| writer = B. A. Madhu
(Dialogues)
| screenplay = M. S. Rajashekhar
| story = Govind Padman
Mahesh Mithra
| based_on = Ee Parakkum Thalika (2001)
| starring = Rockline Venkatesh [[Om Prakash Rao]]
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = R. Janardhan Babu
| editing = Shyam Yadav
| studio = Rockline Productions
| distributor = Bahar Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2002|04|11}}
| runtime = 154 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Dakota Express''''' ({{translation|Rundown Express}}{{efn|"Dakota" is a Kannada slang term denoting poor quality.}}) is a 2002 [[Kannada]]-language [[comedy film]], a remake of the 2001 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Ee Parakkum Thalika]]''.<ref name="screenw1">{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20020222/rkana.html|title=Patience helps|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=2009-07-08}}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> It was produced by [[Rockline Venkatesh]]<ref name="screenw2">{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=10772|title=Khusboo says no to mom roles|date=2005-07-15|work=Screen Weekly|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=2009-07-08}}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and directed by [[M. S. Rajashekar]].<ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/06/10/stories/2002061000110401.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021104165702/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/06/10/stories/2002061000110401.htm
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=4 November 2002
|title= How dull can you get?|date=2002-06-10|work=Metro Plus Chennai|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref> The film stars [[Rockline Venkatesh]] and [[Om Prakash Rao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2696-dakota-express-review.html|access-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019231022/http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/how_is_it/daccota.html|archive-date=19 October 2002|date=13 April 2002|title=Dakota-Rock & Rao on Road - It is a non stop comedy|work=Chitraloka}}</ref>

==Plot==
Krishna owns an old bus and he is facing lot of problems due to the pathetic condition of the bus. He sold many valuable things to maintain this bus. His friend Sundar was his only companion. A mouse was also there as a character. It ate the passport of Sundar and Sundar went after that mouse. The story took a turn when Gayathri entered the bus as a nomad. She was actually the daughter of a minister. Her father forced her to join politics. So she left home. The police traced her out and had taken her back. Her father was making arrangements for her marriage with someone else. Meanwhile, Krishna realised that he cannot live without Gayathri. Krishna and Sundar secretly entered her house and finally all ended well by winning the heart of her father.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Rockline Venkatesh]] as Krishna
* [[Om Prakash Rao]] as Sundara
* Amrutha as Gayathri Devi
* [[Doddanna]] as Circle Inspector Ugra Narasimha
* [[Lokanath]] as Bank Manager Gundurao
* Malathi Sardeshpande
* Shivadwaj Shetty
* [[M. S. Umesh]]
*Shivaji Rao Jadhav
*[[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]] as Home Minister Rajashekhar Patil
*Shyam Yadav as Kashi
*[[Sarigama Viji]] as Bhatta
*Rathnakar
*Bangalore Nagesh
* [[Mimicry Dayanand]]
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Dakota Express
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cover = Dakota Express album cover.jpg
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 2002
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Kannada
| label = Arun Audio
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The music was composed and written by [[Hamsalekha]].<ref>[https://www.pendujatt.net/kannada-songs/albums/dakota-express-wdxvu.html Dakota Express songs]</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bassu Bassu
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| lyrics1 = [[Hamsalekha]]
| length1 =
| title2 = O God O God
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics2 = Hamsalekha
| length2 = 4:25
| title3 = Jhum Anthu
| extra3 = [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| lyrics3 = Hamsalekha
| length3 =
| title4 = Bogase Kangala
| extra4 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| lyrics4 = Hamsalekha
| length4 =
| title5 = Gulaabi Hoove
| extra5 = K. J. Yesudas
| lyrics5 = Hamsalekha
| length5 =
| title6 =
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 =
| length6 =
}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14677576}}

{{M. S. Rajashekar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dakota Express}}
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:2002 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2002 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2002 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. S. Rajashekar]]
[[Category:Rockline Entertainments films]]

{{2000s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Murattu Karangal

2026-03-03T05:22:07Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Revised and enhanced article content

{{short description|1986 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Murattu Karangal
| image = Murattu Karangal.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[Rajasekhar (director)|Rajasekhar]]
| writer = Rajasekhar
| producer = Hem Nag
| starring = [[Thiagarajan]] [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]]
| cinematography = V. Ranga
| editing = R. Vittal S. B. Mohan
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Hem-Nag Films
| released = {{film date|1986|1|10|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}

'''''Murattu Karangal''''' ({{translation|Violent Arms}}) is a 1986 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Western film]] written and directed by [[Rajasekhar (director)|Rajasekhar]]. The film stars [[Thiagarajan]] and [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]], with [[Sathyaraj]], [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]], [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] and [[Bhanu Chander]] in supporting roles. It was released on 10 January 1986.<ref>{{Cite web |title=முரட்டு கரங்கள் / Murattu Karangal (1986) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/murattu-karangal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118162545/https://screen4screen.com/movies/murattu-karangal |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=March 2022}}

== Cast ==
* [[Thiagarajan]] as Veeran
* [[Sathyaraj]] as Kabali
* [[Sulakshana (actress)|Sulakshana]] as Valli
* [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] as Kaali
* [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] as Muthu
* [[Bhanu Chander]] as Maari
* [[Sivachandran]] as Rahman
* Karate Mani
* Anumanthu
* [[Chalapathi Rao]]
* [[Senthil]]
* [[T. K. S. Natarajan]]
* [[Chelladurai]]
* Master Vimal
* Suvaraj
*[[Disco Shanti|Disco Shanthi]]

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=முரட்டு கரங்கள் (1986) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/murattu-karangal-songs-T0002811 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318075609/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/murattu-karangal-songs-T0002811 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=[[Raaga.com]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Murattu Karangal Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/murattu-karangal-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024165050/https://mossymart.com/product/murattu-karangal-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Kanni Ponnu" || [[S. Janaki]] || [[Vairamuthu]]
|-
| "Rathiri Paattu" || [[Gangai Amaran]], [[K. S. Chithra]], B. S. Sasirekha, [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || rowspan=2|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
| "Kaavalukku Saamy" || Ilaiyaraaja
|-
| "Naan Unnaithane" || K. S. Chithra || rowspan=2|Gangai Amaran
|-
| "Oru Poongodi" || [[Vani Jairam]]
|}

== Reception ==
[[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' panned the film, saying the cinematography was its only redeeming feature.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=19 January 1986 |title=முரட்டுக் கரங்கள் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1986/jan/19-01-1986/p61.jpg |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |page=61 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220729122505/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1986/jan/19-01-1986/p61.jpg |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Rajasekhar (director)}}

[[Category:1986 Indian films]]
[[Category:1986 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 Western (genre) films]]
[[Category:Films about mind control]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rajasekhar (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian Western (genre) films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Agilan

2026-03-03T02:31:54Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Entry

{{Short description|2023 Indian Tamil-language film by N Kalyanakrishnan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Agilan
| image = Agilan film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = N. Kalyanakrishnan
| producer = Siddharth Ravipati Senthil Kumar
| screenplay =
| writer = N. Kalyanakrishnan
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Ravi Mohan]]
*[[Priya Bhavani Shankar]]
*[[Tanya Ravichandran]]
}}
| cinematography = Vivekanand Santhosham
| editing = N. Ganesh Kumar
| music = [[Sam C. S.]]
| studio = Screen Scene Media Entertainment
| distributor = [[Red Giant Movies]] [[Ayngaran International]]
| released = {{film date|2023|3|10|df=y}}
| runtime = 131 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Agilan: King of the Indian Ocean''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by N. Kalyanakrishnan. The film stars [[Ravi Mohan]] in dual roles as a father and son, along with [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] and [[Tanya Ravichandran]] in the lead roles. [[Sam C. S.]] composed the film’s soundtrack while Screen Scene Media Entertainment produced the film.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title='Agilan' first look: Ravi Mohan is back with another interesting concept |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/agilan-first-look-ravi-mohan-is-back-with-another-interesting-concept/articleshow/89522201.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512163730/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/agilan-first-look-ravi-mohan-is-back-with-another-interesting-concept/articleshow/89522201.cms |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

The film was initially scheduled to be released theatrically on 15 September 2022 although the release date was postponed. It was released on 10 March 2023 and received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Official: Ravi Mohan's 'Agilan' to be out in theatres next month! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ravi-mohans-agilan-to-be-out-in-theatres-next-month/articleshow/98146162.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223070849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/-ravi-mohans-agilan-to-be-out-in-theatres-next-month/articleshow/98146162.cms |archive-date=23 February 2023 |access-date=23 February 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Agilan release plan for theaters September 15 |url=https://twitter.com/cinemarasigan25/status/1531684326131150848 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610115737/https://twitter.com/cinemarasigan25/status/1531684326131150848 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Agilan is a [[container crane]] operator who works at [[Chennai Port]] and does criminal activities for a [[Illegal drug trade|drug smuggler]], Paranthaman, who works for a dangerous kingpin, Kapoor. Kapoor deals with smuggling containers of fake and genuine money. After an officer named Sarangan causes a problem with an assignment of smuggling [[counterfeit money]] containers, Agilan kills him, and his men dispose of his body inside a [[body bag]]. The union leader, Jananathan, becomes enraged at Agilan's activities and threatens to remove him from the union, but Agilan remains unfazed. Paranthaman instructs Agilan to kill three temporary workers whom he had organised to murder the union leader. Agilan and his men try to kill them, but they run to a police station under the control of [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Madhavi.

However, Madhavi also works for Agilan, and Agilan gets the three workers arrested under a non-bailable case. Agilan handles an order from two men to break out a container containing Chinese weapons seized by the authorities and gets the containers. However, Paranthaman's goon, Pasupathy, gets the containers back. Agilan becomes suspicious of the men, and he asks Madhavi to spy on the two men. It turns out that the two men are working for [[National Investigation Agency|NIA]] officer Gokul, but Agilan smartly sets a trap for Paranthaman and Gokul. Gokul installs surveillance and a [[Cargo scanning|security scanner]] at the port. Kapoor decides to do illegal [[human trafficking]], and his first assignment is to traffic an Austrian cyberterrorist named George Adams, who holds [[Espionage|confidential data]] on the world's leading people.

They fall silent after Agilan says that if they complete the human trafficking, Kapoor will kill them. Agilan agrees to the task. Agilan's plan to traffic George Adams is to provide [[oxygen]] to him so that he does not suffocate. They disguise him in the guise of [[mannequin]]s. Agilan completes the trafficking of Adams and becomes King of the [[Indian Ocean]]. Paranthaman follows Agilan by sea and sees Jananathan talking with Agilan. They allied with the Somalian sailors to sail a charity ship called Tamilannai. Arasu captures Jananathan upon Paranthaman's orders. Agilan searches for Parathaman and his men, but Gokul knocks him out, where Agilan narrates his past.

'''Past''': Agilan is locked up at a young age because someone betrayed his father, and the prison women raised him. The collector organises Tamilannai to feed two million hungry Indian people stranded on a desert island. Agilan's father, Nandhan, is a [[engine officer|marine engineer]] who fixes Tamilannai's engines, but Nandhan discovers bundles of money in a bin and realises that there is illegal cargo on the ship. It turns out that a gangster named Dilli and the ship's captain, Manoj Kumar, work together to smuggle 200 kilos of [[cocaine]]. Nandhan's wife, Punitha, tells him to take the vessel to feed the people and kill the crew. Eventually, after the ship sails, Manoj Kumar shoots Nandhan dead. The crew members threw Nandhan's body and all the food for the people overboard, leading the deserted people to die. They arrested Punitha on a false case where she died giving birth to Agilan in prison.

'''Present''': Agilan explains to Gokul that Jananathan taught him how to create and administer Tamilannai and that the African people are the right people to sail Tamilannai. The people find Jananathan hanging dead, and Paranthaman informs them that Agilan killed Jananathan, but Madhavi brings the three workers. The people realise that Paranthaman killed Jananathan and surround Paranthaman as he runs away and swiftly kills him. Nallaperumal and Kapoor work together to stop Tamilannai's sailing. Kapoor hires a deadly group called the Eastern Sea pirates, but Agilan fights them off and beats up Pasupathy. Adams surrenders to [[Germany]], which leads Gokul to arrest Kapoor.

Nallaperumal beats up Gokul and tries to put illegal goods and destroys food in Tamilannai's containers, but Agilan beats his men. Nallaperumal shoots Agilan and kicks him into the sea, where he tells the committee that Tamilannai is a fake charity, but the contraband is not there. Agilan arrives with Madhavi, and it turns out that the African sailors switched the containers. Gokul survives and exposes Nallaperumal’s nature. Nallaperumal eventually dies from a swinging ship's rope. The police arrest Agilan, and Tamilannai sails, fulfilling his mother's desire.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Ravi Mohan]] in a [[dual role]] as
**Agilan, a container crane operator at Chennai Port
** Nandhan, Agilan's father, a marine engineer
* [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] as [[Inspector]] Madhavi
* [[Tanya Ravichandran]] as Punitha, Agilan's mother and Nandhan's wife
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as Jananathan, the union leader
* [[Hareesh Peradi]] as Paranthaman
* [[Tarun Arora]] as Kapoor
* [[Chirag Jani (actor)|Chirag Jani]] as [[Inspector]] S. Gokul Mehta
* [[Harish Uthaman]] as Nallaperumal, a traffic officer
* [[Mime Gopi]] as Manoj Kumar, Tamilannai's captain and Nandhan's friend turned enemy
* [[Sai Dheena]] as Dilli, a gangster
* Sai Tamil as Pashupathy, Paranthaman's henchmen
* I.S. Rajesh as Arasu, Agilan's friend turned enemy
* [[Sampath Ram]] as ship worker
* [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as C. Sarangan, an officer
}}

==Production==
The film was tentatively titled as ''JR28''. Later, the title of the film was announced to be ''Agilan''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ravi Mohan's film JR28 titled Akhilan? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ravi-mohans-film-jr28-titled-akhilan/articleshow/89428332.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512165234/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ravi-mohans-film-jr28-titled-akhilan/articleshow/89428332.cms |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2022 |title=Ravi Mohan unveils first look of his next titled Agilan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/12/ravi-mohan-unveils-first-look-of-his-next-titled-agilan-29699.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512165515/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/12/ravi-mohan-unveils-first-look-of-his-next-titled-agilan-29699.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Ravi Mohan, will be playing the role of a marine engineer in this film. [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] was chosen as the female leads in this film marking her first collaboration with Ravi Mohan. Other actors and actresses like [[Tanya Ravichandran]], [[Chirag Jani (actor)|Chirag Jani]], and [[Harish Uthaman]] etc where chosen to play pivotal roles in the film.<ref name=":1" /> The shooting of the film was wrapped up on 27 May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Ravi Mohan wraps filming of Agilan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/ravi-mohan-wraps-filming-of-agilan-7939581/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703152557/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/ravi-mohan-wraps-filming-of-agilan-7939581/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Agilan
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sam C. S.]]
| released = 2023
| recorded =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Think Music]]
| producer = [[Sam C. S.]]
| prev_title = [[Thugs (film)|Thugs]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title = [[Kondraal Paavam]]
| next_year = 2023
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Agilan
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Dhrogam
| single1date = 27 February 2023
}}
}}
The film’s music is composed by [[Sam C. S.]] which also marks his second collaboration with Ravi Mohan after [[Adanga Maru|''Adanga'' ''Maru'']]''.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Voyage of Agilan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/voyage-of-agilan-the-making/videoshow/91837958.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601112747/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/voyage-of-agilan-the-making/videoshow/91837958.cms |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>'' The first single titled "Dhrogam" was released on 27 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2023 |title=First single 'Dhrogam' from Ravi Mohan's 'Agilan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-single-dhrogam-from-ravi-mohans-agilan/articleshow/98276832.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301170248/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-single-dhrogam-from-ravi-mohans-agilan/articleshow/98276832.cms |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dhrogam
| lyrics1 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| extra1 = Sam C. S., Shivam
| length1 = 4:02
| total_length = 4:02
}}

==Release==
=== Theatrical ===
The film was released theatrically on 10 March 2023 and overseas were released by [[Ayngaran International]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2023 |title=Ravi Mohan's Agilan gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/feb/22/ravi-mohans-agilan-gets-a-release-date-40258.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301165642/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/feb/22/ravi-mohans-agilan-gets-a-release-date-40258.html |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

===Home media===
The streaming and satellite rights of the film were bought by [[ZEE5]] and [[Kalaignar TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=#Agilan Satellite Rights acquired By #KalaignarTV |url=https://twitter.com/Screensceneoffl/status/1633353647894704130?cxt=HHwWhMDR9aSf66otAAAA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310132150/https://twitter.com/Screensceneoffl/status/1633353647894704130?cxt=HHwWhMDR9aSf66otAAAA |archive-date=10 March 2023 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=#Agilan digital rights acquired by #Zee5 |url=https://twitter.com/Screensceneoffl/status/1633368878393982978?cxt=HHwWhIDQ_eiV8qotAAAA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310132156/https://twitter.com/Screensceneoffl/status/1633368878393982978?cxt=HHwWhIDQ_eiV8qotAAAA |archive-date=10 March 2023 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=Twitter}}</ref> The film was digitally premiered in ZEE5 on 30 March 2023.

== Reception ==
''Agilan'' received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Agilan' Twitter review: Check out the Twitter review for the Ravi Mohan starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/agilan-twitter-review-check-out-the-twitter-review-for-the-ravi-mohan-starrer/articleshow/98537143.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310132203/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/agilan-twitter-review-check-out-the-twitter-review-for-the-ravi-mohan-starrer/articleshow/98537143.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=10 March 2023 |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Gopinath Rajendran of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Watching Agilan is the equivalent of being thrown into the middle of choppy waters — you’re trying to keep yourself conscious but wave after wave of randomness keeps hitting you, tiring you to even hope for some respite."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=10 March 2023 |title='Agilan' movie review: Ravi Mohan can't save this mishmash of ideas watered down by insipid writing |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/agilan-movie-review-ravi-mohan-cant-save-this-mishmash-of-ideas-watered-down-by-insipid-writing/article66603478.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310125248/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/agilan-movie-review-ravi-mohan-cant-save-this-mishmash-of-ideas-watered-down-by-insipid-writing/article66603478.ece |archive-date=10 March 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "In the first half, the screenplay is lively and interesting, and in the second half, the action is mixed."<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=10 March 2023 |title=Agilan |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/agilan-25219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310132211/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/agilan-25219 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref> Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Although Agilan has the usual commercial tropes we've seen before, its backdrop makes it slightly more interesting. While the film is watchable, the second half fails to satisfy the audience's expectations."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Agilan Movie Review: Ravi Mohan steers Agilan to safety with his earnest performance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/agilan/movie-review/98536666.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310132214/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/agilan/movie-review/98536666.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=10 March 2023 |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' critic wrote "Director Kalyana Krishnan has shown the other side of the treacherous world of sea, ships and selfishness of people in a one-line story about how the life of the grassroots is crushed by the shenanigans behind the maritime trade."<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=11 March 2023 |title=அகிலன்: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/akhilan-cinema-review-916882 |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sam C. S.]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Rishabh Yadav

2026-02-25T12:53:18Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New details - done

{{Short description|Indian compound archer (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Rishabh Yadav
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|8|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Gurugram]], [[Haryana]], India
| education = [[Master of Business Administration]] [[Bachelor of Arts]]
| alma mater = [[Amity University, Noida|Amity University]] [[Delhi University]]
| height = {{convert|1.83|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|72|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| sport = [[Archery]]
| event = [[Compound bow|Compound]]
| coach = [[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]]
| highestranking = 4 (2025)
| pb = ''Individual'': 716 (2025) ''Mixed team'': 1431 '''[[World record|WR]]''' (2025)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[compound bow|compound archery]]}} [[File: Archery pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 World Games|2025 Chengdu]]|[[Archery at the 2025 World Games – Men's individual compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Archery Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 World Archery Championships|2025 Gwangju]]|[[2025 World Archery Championships – Men's team compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 World Archery Championships|2025 Gwangju]]|[[2025 World Archery Championships – Mixed team compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Archery World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Central Florida]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Shanghai]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Central Florida]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Shanghai]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Madrid]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Archery Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships|2021 Bangladesh]]|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships|2021 Bangladesh]]|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Archery Asia|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|2022 Iraq|Team}}
{{MedalSilver|2022 Iraq|Individual}}
{{MedalSilver|2022 Thailand|Individual}}
{{MedalSilver|2022 Thailand|Team}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[FISU World University Games|World University Games]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2021 Summer World University Games|2021 Chengdu]]|[[Archery at the 2021 Summer World University Games#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Archery Youth Championships|World Youth Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2021 World Archery Youth Championships|2021 Poland]]|[[2021 World Archery Youth Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
}}

'''Rishabh Yadav''' (born 13 August 2002) is an Indian [[Compound archery|compound]] [[Archery|archer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishabh Yadav |url=https://worldarchery.sport/profile/26994/rishabh-yadav/biography |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=World Archery |language=en}}</ref> He has won medals at the [[World Archery Championships|World Championships]], [[Archery World Cup|World Cup]] the [[Asian Archery Championships|Asian Championships]]. In 2025, he partnered with [[Jyothi Surekha]] to set the mixed team [[world record]] with a score of 1431 at the [[2025 Archery World Cup|World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-08 |title=Rishabh Yadav and Jyothi Surekha Vennam set new world record at Madrid {{!}} World Archery |url=https://www.worldarchery.sport/news/202051/rishabh-yadav-and-jyothi-surekha-vennam-set-new-world-record-madrid |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=www.worldarchery.sport |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== World record ===
In July 2025, he took part in the fourth and final stage of the Archery World Cup at Madrid, Spain, where he performed well in the qualification rounds of both individual and team events to take the top seeding. Later, he combined with Jyothi Surekha to take the top seeding in the team event. On way to creating a world record in the final, he shot up a tally of 716 points, hitting 68 out of 72 arrows in the 10-point ring, including 35 Xs in the bulls eye. It was his career-best score in an international event.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-07-09 |title=World Record! Indian Archers Rishabh Yadav And Jyothi Surekha Create History At The Madrid World Cup |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!sports/indian-archers-rishabh-yadav-and-jyoti-surekha-create-world-record-at-archery-world-cup-in-madrid-enn25070903423 |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> The Indian archers totalled 1431 (70 Xs) in the qualification and broke the mixed team 144-arrow score at 1429, a record held by Denmark's Tanja Gellenthien and Mathias Fullerton which they shot at the Krakow-Malopolska European Games in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-09 |title=Archery WC: Rishabh, Jyothi set mixed team world record in Madrid |url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/104501/archery-wc-rishabh-jyothi-set-mixed-team-world-record-in-madrid |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=ap7am.com |language=en}}</ref>

Earlier in May 2025, he bagged his first World Cup individual medal, a bronze medal at Shanghai, China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-07-08 |title=Archery World Cup: Yadav, Jyothi lead India to top seedings in compound events |url=https://theprint.in/sport/archery-world-cup-yadav-jyothi-lead-india-to-top-seedings-in-compound-events/2684132/ |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

In April 2025, he bagged a gold medal in the team event along with Jyothi Surekha in the first stage Archer World Cup round held at Auburndale, USA.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-17 |title=‘We Deserve Equal Respect’: Jyothi Surekha Vennam calls for fair treatment of compound archers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/120365148.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2025-07-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In the knockout rounds in US, the duo defeated Spain (156-149), Denmark (156-154), and Slovenia (159-155) to reach the final, where they beat Chinese Taipei.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-11 |title=Archery World Cup: Jyothi-Rishabh reach compound mixed team final; women’s team left to rue visa issue |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/archery-world-cup-jyothi-rishabh-reach-compound-mixed-team-final-womens-team-left-to-rue-visa-issue-9939249/ |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2024 ===
In the fourth stage of the 2024/25 Indoor World Series at Nimes, France, Rishabh bagged a silver medal in the compound event men category. He scored 148 but lost to Austria’s Nico Wiener, who hit a total of 149 points.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2025 |title=Nimes Archery Tournament: Jyothi Surekha Vennam and Rishabh Yadav settle for Silver |url=https://thebridge.in/archery/nimes-tournament-jyothi-surekha-vennam-rishabh-yadav-silver-51661. |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=TheBridge.in}}</ref>

=== 2022 ===
Rishabh earned two silver medals in individual and men's team categories at Archery Asia Cup 2022 Stage 1 in Thailand.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-03-16 |title=Asia Cup: Indian men’s and women’s teams top qualification round |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/archery/asia-cup-india-tops-qualification-round-ridhi-phor-rishabh-yadav/article38457138.ece |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=19-yr-old compound archer Rishabh Yadav sets his eyes on Asia Cup Stage 2 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/19-yr-old-compound-archer-rishabh-yadav-sets-his-eyes-on-asia-cup-stage-220220423185753/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> He also secured a gold and silver medal in men's team and individual categories at Archery Asia Cup Stage 2 in Iraq.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Asia Cup Archery: India bag three gold medals and one bronze {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/asia-cup-archery-india-bag-three-gold-medals-and-one-bronze/articleshow/91471961.cms |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en |agency=PTI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-09 |title=Asia Cup Archery: India confirm six medals that include two golds |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/asia-cup-archery-india-confirm-six-medals-that-include-two-golds-1107811.html |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> He represented India at Senior [[World Archery Championships|World Archery Championship 2022]] in USA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-03 |title=Rishabh Yadav selected for Senior World Archery Championship - School Times India |url=https://schooltimesindia.com/archives/2784 |access-date=2022-10-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== 2021 ===
At the 2021 [[2021 World Archery Youth Championships|World Archery Youth Championships]] at [[Wrocław]], [[Poland]], he won the bronze medal in the men's compound archery event.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-04-23 |title=19-yr-old compound archer Rishabh Yadav sets his eyes on Asia Cup Stage 2 |url=https://theprint.in/sport/19-yr-old-compound-archer-rishabh-yadav-sets-his-eyes-on-asia-cup-stage-2/928072/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-14 |title=Rishabh Yadav Wins Bronze Medal in Junior Compound Men's Individual Event at World Archery Youth Championships 2021 {{!}} 🏆 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/sports/s-rishabhyadav-wins-in-the-junior-compound-mens-individual-event-at-the-latest-tweet-by-sai-media-2745508.html |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> On 17 November 2021, he won the bronze medal in the men's compound archery team event along with [[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]] and [[Aman Saini]] and a silver medal in the mixed team event with [[Jyothi Surekha Vennam]] at the [[Asian Archery Championships|22nd Asian Archery Championship]] in Dhaka, [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2021-11-17 |title=Asian Archery C'ships: India wins bronze in men's compound team event |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/archery/india-wins-bronze-men-compound-team-event-asian-archery-championships/article37537376.ece |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India secures 2nd Position with 7 Medals in 2021 Asian Archery Championship at Dhaka, Bangladesh |url=https://affairscloud.com/india-secures-2nd-position-with-7-medals-in-2021-asian-archery-championship-at-dhaka-bangladesh/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=affairscloud.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Abhijit |date=2021-11-18 |title=Jyothi and Rishabh combine to win mixed compound silver at Asian Archery Championships |url=https://thebridge.in/archery/jyothi-rishabh-win-mixed-compound-silver-asian-championships-26722 |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of Indian archers|Indian Archers]]
* [[Archery in India]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{Instagram|the.rishabhyadav}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Rishabh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Indian male archers]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Haryana]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:FISU World University Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2021 Summer Universiade]]
[[Category:Summer World University Games medalists in archery]]
[[Category:World Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:World Games medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2025 World Games]]
[[Category:World Archery Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Competitors at the 2025 World Games]]

Vasant Honavar

2026-02-23T11:45:01Z

ScarlettFlannaga:

{{Short description|Indian-American computer scientist, and artificial intelligence}}
{{Resume-like|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Vasant Honavar
| image =
| image_caption =
| field = [[Computer science]], [[Artificial intelligence]], [[Machine learning]], [[Data Science]], [[Bioinformatics]], [[Big data]], [[Causal Inference]], [[Informatics]], [[Knowledge Representation]], [[Computational biology]], [[Cognitive science]], [[Health informatics]], [[Neuroinformatics]], [[Network Science]], [[Biomedical Informatics]]
| work_institutions = [[Iowa State University]] [[National Science Foundation]] [[Pennsylvania State University]]
| alma_mater = [[B.M.S. Institute of Technology and Management]], [[University of Wisconsin]] [[Drexel University]] [[B.M.S. College of Engineering]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Leonard Uhr]]
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| awards = [[AAAS Fellow]]
| footnotes =
| signature =
}}
'''Vasant G. Honavar''' is an Indian-American [[computer scientist]], and [[artificial intelligence]], [[machine learning]], [[big data]], [[data science]], [[causal inference]], [[knowledge representation]], [[bioinformatics]] and [[health informatics]] [[researcher]] and [[professor]].

==Early life and education==

Vasant Honavar was born at [[Pune]], [[India]] to Bhavani G. and Gajanan N. Honavar. He received his early education at the Vidya Vardhaka Sangha High School and M.E.S. College in [[Bangalore]], [[India]]. He received a B.E. in Electronics & Communications Engineering from the [[B.M.S. College of Engineering]] in [[Bangalore]], [[India]] in 1982,<ref>{{cite web|title=BMSCE Alumni Achievers|url=https://alumni.bmsce.in/newsroom/news/Alumni-Achiever-Dr-Vasant-Honavar-Dec-2016.dz|access-date=7 August 2022}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> when it was affiliated with [[Bangalore University]], an M.S. in electrical and computer engineering in 1984 from [[Drexel University]], and an M.S. in computer science in 1989, and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in 1990, respectively, from the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], where he studied Artificial Intelligence and worked with [[Leonard Uhr]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mathematics Genealogy Project|url=https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=82483|access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref>

==Career==

Honavar is on the faculty of Informatics and Intelligent Systems Department in the [[Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://faculty.ist.psu.edu/vhonavar/|title=Vasant Honavar|website=faculty.ist.psu.edu}}</ref> at [[Pennsylvania State University]] where he currently holds the Dorothy Foehr Huck and J. Lloyd Huck Chair in Biomedical Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Vasant Honavar named Huck Chair in Biomedical Data Sciences and AI |url=https://news.psu.edu/story/671603/2021/10/04/academics/vasant-honavar-named-huck-chair-biomedical-data-sciences-and-ai|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref> and previously held the Edward Frymoyer Endowed Chair in Information Sciences and Technology. He serves on the faculties of the graduate programs in [[Computer Science]], [[Informatics]], [[Bioinformatics]] and [[Genomics]], [[Neuroscience]], [[Operations Research]], [[Public Health Sciences]], and of undergraduate programs in [[Data Science]] and [[Artificial Intelligence]] methods and applications. Honavar serves as the director of the [[Artificial Intelligence]] Research Laboratory,<ref>{{cite web|title=Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory|url=https://ailab.ist.psu.edu|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref> Director of Strategic Initiatives for the Institute for Computational and Data Sciences<ref>{{cite web|title=Penn State Institute for Computational and Data Sciences |url=https://ics.psu.edu|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref> and the director of the Center for Artificial Intelligence Foundations and Scientific Applications<ref>{{cite web|title=Penn State center to advance AI tools to accelerate scientific progress|url=https://news.psu.edu/story/656064/2021/04/23/research/penn-state-center-advance-ai-tools-accelerate-scientific-progress|access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> at [[Pennsylvania State University]]. Honavar served on the Leadership Team of the Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub|url=https://nebigdatahub.org/|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> Honavar served on the [[Computing Research Association]]'s [[Computing Community Consortium]] Council during 2014-2017,<ref>{{cite web|title=Computing Community Consortium Members|url=http://www.cra.org/ccc/about/ccc-council-members|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CCC Announces new members|url=http://www.cccblog.org/2014/06/11/|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> where he chaired the task force on Convergence of Data and Computing, and was a member of the task force on Artificial Intelligence.

Honavar was the first Sudha Murty Distinguished Visiting Chair of Neurocomputing and Data Science by the [[Indian Institute of Science]], Bangalore, India.<ref>{{cite web|title='Sudha Murty' chair launched at IISc|date=13 October 2016|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/575475/sudha-murty-chair-launched-iisc.html|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> Honavar was named a Distinguished Member of the [[Association for Computing Machinery]] for "outstanding scientific contributions to computing";<ref>{{cite web|title=2018 ACM Distinguished Members Recognized for Contributions that Have Revolutionized How We Live, Work and Play|url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/november/distinguished-members-2018|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> and elected a Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] for his "distinguished research contributions and leadership in data science".<ref>{{cite web|title=AAAS Honors Accomplished Scientists as 2018 Elected Fellows|url=https://www.aaas.org/news/aaas-honors-accomplished-scientists-2018-elected-fellows|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref>

As a [[Program Director]] in the Information Integration and [[Informatics (academic field)|Informatics]] program in the Information and Intelligent Systems Division of the [[Computer]] and [[Information Science]] and [[Engineering]] Directorate of the US [[National Science Foundation]] during 2010-13, Honavar led the [[Big Data]] Program.<ref>{{cite web|title=NSF 12-499 Core Techniques and Technologies for Big Data|url=https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2012/nsf12499/nsf12499.htm|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref>

Honavar was a [[professor]] of [[computer science]] at [[Iowa State University]] where he led the [[Artificial Intelligence]] Research Laboratory which he founded in 1990 and was instrumental in establishing an interdepartmental graduate program in [[Bioinformatics]] and [[Computational Biology]] (and served as its Chair during 2003–2005).<ref>{{cite web|title=From Data Analytics to Computational Discovery and Discovery Informatics |url=https://intheloop.engineering.asu.edu/2013/10/23/from-data-analytics-to-computational-discovery-and-discovery-informatics-nov-6/|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BCB Program Administrative Committees 2003-2004 |url=http://www.bcb.iastate.edu/faculty/BCBadminCommittees.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040622204655/http://www.bcb.iastate.edu/faculty/BCBadminCommittees.html |archive-date=2004-06-22 |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>

Honavar has held visiting professorships at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], and at the [[Indian Institute of Science]].<ref name="deccanherald.com">{{cite web|title=Sudha Murty' chair launched at IISc|date=13 October 2016|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/575475/sudha-murty-chair-launched-iisc.html|access-date=October 14, 2016}}</ref>

==Research==
Honavar's research has contributed to advances in [[artificial intelligence]], [[machine learning]], [[causal inference]], [[knowledge representation]], [[Artificial neural network|neural networks]], [[semantic web]], [[big data]] analytics, and [[bioinformatics]] and [[computational biology]]. He was a program chair of the [[Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence]](AAAI)'s 36th Conference on Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{cite web|title=AAAI 2022: AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence|url=https://aaai.org/Conferences/AAAI-22/|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> He has published over 300 research articles, including many highly cited ones,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5399-3489|title=ORCID|website=orcid.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vasant Honavar's Google Scholar Page|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pD_y458AAAAJ|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> as well as several books on these topics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Library of Congress Catalog Search|url=http://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg=Vasant+Honavar&searchCode=GKEY%5E*&searchType=1&limitTo=none&fromYear=&toYear=&limitTo=LOCA%3Dall&limitTo=PLAC%3Dall&limitTo=TYPE%3Dall&limitTo=LANG%3Dall&recCount=25|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref> His recent work has focused on federated machine learning algorithms for constructing predictive models from distributed data and [[Linked data|linked open data]], learning predictive models from high dimensional longitudinal data, reasoning with federated knowledge bases, detecting algorithmic bias, [[big data]] analytics, analysis and prediction of protein-protein, protein-RNA, and protein-DNA interfaces and interactions, social network analytics, [[health informatics]], secrecy-preserving query answering, representing and reasoning about preferences, and [[causal inference]] from complex, e.g., relational, data, [[large language models]], [[diffusion models]], and [[meta analysis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Selected Publications of Vasant Honavar|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pD_y458AAAAJ&hl=en}}</ref>

Honavar has been active in fostering national and international scientific collaborations in Artificial Intelligence, Data Sciences, and their applications in addressing national, international, and societal priorities in accelerating science, improving health, transforming agriculture through partnerships that bring together academia, non-profits, and industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub|url=http://nebigdatahub.org|access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ernrp.org|title=Eastern Regional Network|access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Workshop on Brain, Computation, and Learning|url=https://events.csa.iisc.ac.in/bcl2018/|access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Global Innovation Forum: Transforming Intelligence|url=https://fast.foundation/gif19/|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130105916/https://fast.foundation/gif19/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=US-Serbia and West Balkan Data Science Workshop|date=12 August 2018|url=https://www.intersection.rs/activities/2018/08/us-serbia-and-west-balkan-data-science-workshop/|access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=International Summer School on Deep Learning|url=https://irdta.eu/deeplearn2019/|access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AI-Enabled Materials Discovery, Design, and Synthesis (AIMS) Institute|url=https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/500000-grant-funds-creation-institute-advance-ai-materials-science//|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> He is also active in making the science policy case for major national research initiatives such as AI for accelerating science<ref>{{cite web|title=Accelerating Science: A Grand Challenge for AI|url=https://cra.org/ccc/events/symposium-accelerating-science-grand-challenge-ai///|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> and AI for combating the epidemic of [[diseases of despair]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Combat the Diseases of Despair Epidemic|url=https://fas.org/sotu/#combat-despair|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref>

==Honors==
* [[National Science Foundation]] Director's Award for Superior Accomplishment, 2013<ref>{{cite news|title=Honavar honored for his leadership of the NSF Big Data Program|url=http://news.psu.edu/story/294810/2013/11/11/academics/honavar-honored-nsf-leading-big-data-program|access-date=29 May 2015|archive-date=30 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530031032/http://news.psu.edu/story/294810/2013/11/11/academics/honavar-honored-nsf-leading-big-data-program|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[National Science Foundation]] Director's Award for Collaborative Integration, 2012
* Margaret Ellen White Graduate Faculty Award, [[Iowa State University]], 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Inside Iowa State|url=http://archive.inside.iastate.edu/pdf/11/092211.pdf|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>
* Outstanding Career Achievement in Research Award, [[College of Arts and Sciences|College of Liberal Arts and Sciences]], [[Iowa State University]], 2008<ref>{{cite web|title=Teaching, service and research awards to LAS faculty, staff|url=http://archive.las.iastate.edu/2008/08/29/teaching-service-and-research-awards-to-las-faculty-staff/|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>
* Regents Award for Faculty Excellence, [[Board of Regents, State of Iowa|Iowa Board of Regents]], 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=2007 Fall University Convocation & Awards Ceremony|url=http://archive.inside.iastate.edu/2007/0907/awards.shtml|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>
* Edward Frymoyer Endowed Chair in Information Sciences and Technology, [[Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology]], [[Pennsylvania State University]], 2013
* Senior Faculty Research Excellence Award, [[Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology]], [[Pennsylvania State University]], 2016
* 125 People of Impact, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]], 2016<ref>{{cite web|title=125 People of Impact |url=http://125.ece.wisc.edu/?page_id=34| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828135941/http://125.ece.wisc.edu/?page_id=34 |access-date=25 August 2016| archive-date=2016-08-28 }} (Accessible through Internet Archive)</ref>
* Sudha Murty Distinguished (Visiting) Chair of Neurocomputing and Data Science, [[Indian Institute of Science]], 2016-2021<ref name="deccanherald.com"/>
* [[List of distinguished members of the Association for Computing Machinery|ACM Distinguished Member]], 2018<ref>{{cite web|title=2018 ACM Distinguished Members Recognized for Contributions that Have Revolutionized How We Live, Work and Play|url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/november/distinguished-members-2018|access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref>
* AAAS Fellow [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]],<ref>{{cite web|title=AAAS Honors Accomplished Scientists as 2018 Elected Fellows|url=https://www.aaas.org/news/aaas-honors-accomplished-scientists-2018-elected-fellows|access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref> 2018
* EAI Fellow European Alliance for Innovation,<ref>{{cite web|title=We are proud to announce the first EAI Fellows|date=10 May 2019 |url=https://blog.eai-conferences.org/2019/05/10/we-are-proud-to-announce-the-first-eai-fellows/|access-date=February 15, 2022}}</ref> 2019
* Dorothy Foehr Huck and J. Lloyd Huck Chair in Biomedical Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, [[Pennsylvania State University]], 2021<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/vhonavar/ Personal home page]
* [http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/vhonavar/publist.html List of publications] from Penn State's profile
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pD_y458AAAAJ List of publications] on Google Scholar
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Honavar, Vasant}}
[[Category:Artificial intelligence researchers]]
[[Category:Machine learning researchers]]
[[Category:American bioinformaticians]]
[[Category:American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Systems biologists]]
[[Category:American cognitive scientists]]
[[Category:Complex systems scientists]]
[[Category:Indian computer scientists]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania State University faculty]]
[[Category:Iowa State University faculty]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni]]
[[Category:Drexel University alumni]]
[[Category:Bangalore University alumni]]
[[Category:Senior members of the IEEE]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American male writers of Indian descent]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:People from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American people of Konkani descent]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]

Green peafowl

2026-02-14T23:30:45Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Green peafowl
| image = Javan Green Peafowl in Baluran National Park.jpg
| image_caption = Male in display
| image2 = Green Peafowl.jpg
| image2_caption = Female
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Pavo muticus'' |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |article-number=e.T22679440A131749282 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679440A131749282.en |access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/>
| genus = Pavo
| species = muticus
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766
|subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
|subdivision =
*''P. m. muticus'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}}
*''P. m. spicifer'' {{small|[[George Shaw (biologist)|Shaw]], 1804}}
*''P. m. imperator'' {{small|[[Jean Théodore Delacour|Delacour]], 1949}}
| range_map = Pavo muticus range map.png
| range_map_caption = Range of the green peafowl
}}

The '''green peafowl''' ('''''Pavo muticus''''') is a [[peafowl]] [[species]] native to the tropical forests of [[Southeast Asia]] and Southern [[China]]. It is the national bird of [[Myanmar]]. Formerly common throughout Southeast Asia, only a few isolated populations survive in [[Cambodia]] and adjacent areas of [[Vietnam]]. It has been listed as [[endangered]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] since 2009. This is primarily due to widespread deforestation, agriculture and loss of suitable habitat, severely fragmenting populations and contributing to an overall decline in numbers. The green peafowl is in demand for private and home [[aviculture]] and threatened by the pet trade, feather collectors and hunters for meat and targeted.

==Description==
[[File:Okyo Peacock and Peahen.jpg|thumb|1781 painting by [[Maruyama Okyo]]]]
[[File:Pavo muticus3.jpg|thumb|upright|Adult female head and upper neck]]
[[File:Green Peafowl 0A2A0093.jpg|thumb|Male profile]]
The green peafowl is a large bird in terms of overall size. The male is {{cvt|1.8|-|3|m}} in total length, including its train, which measures {{cvt|1.4|-|1.6|m}}; the adult female is around half the total length of the breeding male at {{cvt|1|-|1.1|m}} in length. It has a relatively large wingspan that averages around {{cvt|1.2|m}} and can reach {{cvt|1.6|m}} in big males. The green peafowl is capable of sustained (albeit energy-intensive) [[bird flight|flight]] and is often observed on the wing.<ref name=Biddle2002/>

Green peafowl males [[Bird vocalization|vocalize]] at their roost sites at dawn and dusk with a loud often repeated ''ki-wao''. The female vocalizes with an equally loud "''AOw-aa''" call, with an emphasis on the first syllable. The males may also make a similar sound to the females.<ref name=birdlife/>

{{Refimprove section|date=June 2024}}
The green peafowl has long upper-tail [[Covert feather#Tail coverts|covert feathers]]. In the male, this extends up to {{Cvt|2|m}} and is adorned with [[Eyespot (mimicry)#In birds|eyespots]]; in the female, the coverts are green and much shorter, just covering the tail. Outside of the [[breeding season]], however, the male's tail coverts (or '''''train''''') is [[moulted]]; distinguishing the sexes during this period can be difficult unless they are observed quite up close. The neck and breast feathers (of both sexes) are highly [[Iridescence|iridescent]] green and resemble [[Chinese dragon]] scales. In the male, the scapular, median, and greater [[wing]] coverts are blue; the lesser coverts are green and form a triangle of scaly shoulder feathers (when the wing is closed). The secondaries are black and, in some subspecies, the tertials are brown and/or barred with a faint pattern. The female has blue lesser coverts, and lacks the triangle at the wing-shoulder. Females also have neck scales fringed with [[Copper (color)|copper]], as well as more barring on the back, the primaries and [[alula]]. Both sexes have [[Crest (feathers)|crest feather]]s, are long-legged, [[wing loading|heavy-winged]], and long-tailed in silhouette. The crest of the female has slightly wider plumes, while those of the male are thinner but taller. The facial skin is double-striped with a whitish-blue; beside the ear is a [[yellow-orange]] crescent. The dark triangle below the eye (towards the eyebrow) is bluish-green in the male, and brown in the female. Seen from a distance, they are generally dark-coloured birds with pale [[vermilion]]- or [[Buff (colour)|buff]]-coloured [[Flight feather#Primaries|primaries]], which are quite visible in their peculiar flight; this action has been described as a true "flapping" flight, lacking the gliding that one associates with many birds.

==Distribution and habitat==
The green peafowl was widely distributed in [[Southeast Asia]] in the past from southern [[China]] especially [[Yunnan]], eastern and north-eastern [[India]], southeastern [[Bangladesh]], northern [[Myanmar]], extending through [[Laos]], and [[Thailand]] into [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Peninsular Malaysia]], and the island of [[Java]] in [[Indonesia]], but in [[Java]] they are only found in protected areas such as [[Ujung Kulon National Park]] and [[Baluran National Park]]. Records from northeastern India have been questioned and old records are possibly of [[introduced species|feral bird]]s.<ref name=pcr/>

In Cambodia, [[Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary]] was shown to hold a significant and increasing population of around 745 individuals in 2020.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nuttall |first1=M. |last2=Nut|first2=M. |last3=Ung |first3=V. |last4=O'kelly |first4=H. |date=2017 |title=Abundance estimates for the endangered Green Peafowl ''Pavo muticus'' in Cambodia: identification of a globally important site for conservation |journal=Bird Conservation International |volume=27|issue=1|pages=127–139 |s2cid=89013924 |doi=10.1017/S0959270916000083 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nuttall|first1=M. N. |last2=Griffin |first2=O. |last3=Fewster |first3=R. M. |last4=McGowan|first4=P. J. K. |last5=Abernethy |first5=K. |last6=O'Kelly |first6=H. |last7=Nut |first7=M. |last8=Sot|first8=V. |last9=Bunnefeld |first9=N. |title=Long-term monitoring of wildlife populations for protected area management in Southeast Asia |journal=Conservation Science and Practice |year=2021 |volume=4 |issue=2 |article-number=e614 |doi=10.1111/csp2.614 |s2cid=245405123 |doi-access=free |hdl=1893/33780 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

Green peafowl are found in a wide range of habitats, including [[Primary forest|primary]] and [[secondary forest]], both [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]], as well as [[Evergreen forest|evergreen]] and deciduous. They may also be found amongst [[bamboo]], on grasslands, [[savanna]]s, [[Shrubland|scrub]], and [[farmland]] edge. In Vietnam, the preferred habitat was found to be dry, [[deciduous forest]] close to water and away from human disturbance. In [[Java]] they are only found in [[savanna]].<ref name=Brickle2002/> Proximity to water appears to be an important factor.<ref name=viet/>

==Taxonomy==
The species was first classified as ''Pavo muticus'' by [[Carl Linnaeus]], although it was previously described in Europe by [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]] as "Pavo Iaponensis" based on a Japanese painting given to the pope by the emperor of [[Japan]]. These birds were depicted as having no spurs; Linnaeus followed Aldrovandi's description. The Japanese had imported green peafowl from Southeast Asia for hundreds of years, and the birds were frequently depicted in Japanese paintings. As a result, the [[type locality (biology)|type locality]] described by Linnaeus was "Habitat in [[Japan|Japonia]]", though the species is not native to Japan (they were kept by the emperor and no longer occur). [[François Levaillant]] was one of the first Western ornithologists to see a live bird, imported from [[Macau]] to an animal collection in [[Cape of Good Hope]]. From an Indian painting, [[George Shaw (biologist)|George Shaw]] described a peafowl native to India with a "blue head" and an "upright lanceolate crest", which he named ''Pavo spicifer'', the spike-crested peacock. A third form of green peafowl was described in 1949 by [[Jean Delacour]], as ''P. imperator'', found in Indochina. From the advice of a bird dealer in Hong Kong, Delacour concluded there were three [[Subspecies|races]] of green peafowl, lumping ''P. spicifer'' into the species, as well. Today, most authorities recognise these three:<ref name=zma/><ref name=Clements2007/><ref name=Dickinson2003/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Subspecies!! Description !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:Merak Jawa.jpg|180px]]|| ''Pavo muticus muticus'', the '''Java peafowl''' ([[Nominate subspecies|nominate]])||Often described as the most colourful of the three subspecies, the neck and breast is a metallic golden-green with cerulean blue wing coverts. Females have prominent barring on the back and tertials. ||Extant population endemic to the east and western ends of Java, Indonesia. Extinct populations from the [[Malay Peninsula]] from the [[Kra Isthmus]] extending south to [[Kedah]] have also been described as being synonymous with the Javanese population, but no published studies have confirmed this assumption.
|-
|[[File:Pavo muticus 71308373.jpg|180px]]|| ''P. m. imperator'', the '''Indo-Chinese peafowl'''||''Imperator'' is intermediate in colouration between the other two forms. ||From east Myanmar to Thailand, [[Yunnan]] province in China and [[Indochina]], this subspecies is the most common and has the widest distribution. In Thailand, it is currently confined to the [[Nan River|Nan]], [[Yom River|Yom]], [[Eng River|Eng]] and [[Ping River|Ping]] river basins in northern Thailand and the [[Huai Kha Khaeng]] and [[Mae Klong]] basins in western Thailand. In Vietnam, it has become extinct in the northern part of the country, its last large population being confined to the southeast in [[Yok Đôn National Park|Yok Đôn]] and [[Cát Tiên National Park]].
|-
| || ''P. m. spicifer'', the '''Burmese peafowl'''||Delacour considered the west and east sides of the [[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy river]] to be the dividing line between ''spicifer'' and ''imperator'' respectively. Sometimes described as "duller" than the other forms, it has a matte gun metal-blue to olive-green neck and breast, and more black on the wing-coverts and outer web of secondaries. The crown of the male is violet-blue which often extends further down the nape than other subspecies, demarcating the colours of the crown and neck.|| Found in Bangladesh towards southwestern Thailand, formerly also in northern Malaysia. Birds in Northeast India are sometimes considered extinct but are still occasionally sighted. However, sightings have sometimes been questioned as feral or escaped birds. A population of ''spicifer'' was reintroduced to [[Hlawga National Park]] east of the Irrawaddy river.
|-
|}

Delacour dismissed several aberrant specimens to be individual variations (including the [[type specimen]]s for ''imperator'' originating from the [[Bolaven Plateau]] in Laos), and stated more subspecies may be recognised with further studies. However, few studies have been conducted to substantiate Delacour's classification, even though it is accepted by nearly all authorities. Some authors have suggested that the population found in Yunnan, which are traditionally classified as ''imperator'', may be another race.<ref name=Madge2002/> Using the [[cytochrome b]] [[mitochondrial DNA]] gene, Ouyang et al. estimated the divergence period between green and Indian peafowl to be 3 million years. In the same study, they also noted there appeared to be two different forms of green peafowl in Yunnan which should be classified as distinct subspecies.<ref name=Ouyang2008/> A 2005 article from ''[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]'' newspaper of Malaysia stated that research indicated the Malaysian form to be identical to the Javanese form, but the study was not published and some authors dispute the result. Due to the large range of ''imperator'' in Indochina, other subspecies within its range have also been proposed, notably ''annamensis'' of Southeast Asia and ''yunnanensis'' of [[Yunnan]].<ref name="lastchance">{{cite web|url=http://www.aviculture-europe.nl/nummers/06E02A10.pdf|title=The Last Chance for the Green Peafowl (''Pavo muticus'')?|last=Mennig|first=Wolfgang|publisher=WPA Germany|access-date=23 March 2012}}</ref>

==Behaviour and ecology==
[[File:Peacocks 777.jpg|thumb|Female (peahen) with one chick]]
[[File:Merak tarung.jpg|thumb|Fighting peacocks in [[Baluran National Park]], Indonesia]]
The green peafowl is a [[forest]] bird which [[Bird nest|nests]] on the ground laying an [[egg clutch]] with three to six eggs.<ref name=Grimmett1999/>

It has been widely stated that the green peafowl is [[Polygyny in animals|polygynous]], but males are [[solitary animal|solitary]] and do not display in [[lek (biology)|lek]]s. Instead the solitary males are highly [[Territory (animal)|territorial]] and form [[harem (zoology)|harem]]s with no [[pair bond]]s. However, the theory that the male is polygynous also conflicts with observations in captivity; pairs left alone with no human interaction have been observed to be strongly [[Monogamy in animals|monogamous]]. The close similarity between both sexes also suggests a different [[courtship display]] in contrast to that of the Indian peafowl. Thus, some authors have suggested that the harems seen in the field are juvenile birds and that males are not promiscuous.<ref name=birdlife/>

They usually spend time on or near the ground in [[Poaceae|tall grass]]es and [[sedge]]s. Family units [[roosting|roost]] in trees at a height of {{Cvt|10|-|15|m}}.<ref name=birdlife/>

==Threats ==
Due to hunting, especially [[poaching]], and a reduction in extent and quality of habitat, the green peafowl is evaluated as [[endangered species|endangered]] on the [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]. The world population has declined rapidly, and the species no longer occurs in many areas of its past distribution. The population in the wild was estimated to be about 5,000 to 10,000 individuals around 1995.<ref name=iucn/>

Although there is no natural range overlap with the Indian peafowl, [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridisation]] is still a threat where the Indian peafowl is [[Introduced species|introduced]] as they produce fertile hybrids. In captivity hybrids are called "Spalding" peafowl and are used by breeders to create different [[breed]]s. Through [[backcrossing]] some hybrids become almost indistinguishable from pure green peafowl.<ref name=Hybrid/>

== Conservation ==
The green peafowl is listed on Appendix II of [[CITES]].<ref name=iucn/> The last strongholds are in protected areas such as [[Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary]] in Thailand, [[Cat Tien National Park]] in Vietnam and [[Baluran National Park]], [[Ujung Kulon National Park]] in Java, Indonesia.<ref name=iucn/>

In 2005, the World Pheasant Association reportedly conducted reintroductions in Malaysia.<ref name=Star2005/> Genetic research allegedly proved that the Javan and Malay peafowl are genetically identical, and the subspecies ''muticus'' was introduced based on scientific community consensus. However, the assumption that the Malaysian and Javanese ''muticus'' birds are the same subspecies remains controversial, so it is uncertain which subspecies was introduced.<ref name=lastchance/>

In China, the Yunnan Green Peafowl case was a landmark 2020 environmental lawsuit in which the courts ordered the suspension of a hydropower project on the Jiasa River after discovery of green peafowls living in areas potentially affected. It marked China’s first preventive public‑interest litigation for wildlife conservation and established a precedent for proactive biodiversity protection.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cao |first=Yin |title=Biodiversity ruling to block dam project first of its kind in China |work=China Daily |date=2022 |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202202/21/WS62133309a310cdd39bc87ef5.html |access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Yunnan protects its wild side |work=China Daily |date=2022 |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202212/24/WS63a65868a31057c47eba5f87_2.html |access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref>

==Cultural significance==
[[File:WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg|thumb|The green peacock was a royal symbol of Burma's monarchs]]
In Myanmar, the green peafowl was the [[coat of arms]] of the [[Konbaung dynasty]], the country's last dynasty.<ref name="crwflags" /><ref name=Easey2016>{{Cite magazine |author=Easey, R. |date=2016 |title=Myanmar's peacock: A national symbol dying off in the wild |magazine=Frontier Myanmar |volume=2 |issue= |url=https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/myanmars-peacock-a-national-symbol-dying-off-in-the-wild-2/ |access-date=2025-05-20}}</ref> The insignia was stitched onto royal costumes, and was the primary motif of the Peacock Throne, one of eight royal [[Palin (throne)|palin thrones]].<ref name=Easey2016/> In 1865, [[Mindon Min]] began minting coins bearing the peacock insignia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ferguson |first=J. M. |title=Silver Screens and Golden Dreams: A Social History of Burmese Cinema |date=2024 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-9726-0 |url=}}</ref> The peacock symbolised the [[Sun]], from which the Burmese monarchs claimed their descent.<ref name=Easey2016/>
[[File:Flag of National League for Democracy.svg|thumb|right|The flag of the [[National League for Democracy]] party features a stylised fighting peacock next to a star.]]
During [[British rule in Burma]], the peacock was featured on the flag of the governor and the naval ensign. The fighting stance of the peacock was adopted by anti-colonial activists, and again by the [[National League for Democracy]] after the [[8888 Uprising]].<ref name=Easey2016/>

In ancient China, where peacocks were once more widespread, the peacock was known as a bird of "Jiude", the nine virtues. According to the [[Book of Zhou]], these nine virtues are loyalty, trustworthiness, respectfulness, firmness, gentleness, harmony, steadfastness, integrity, and filiality. Beginning in the [[Ming Dynasty]], 3rd ranked civil servants wore [[mandarin square|buzi]], an embroidered patch on the front of one's uniform, featuring a peacock to symbolizing their virtues. In the [[Qing Dynasty]], peacock feathers called Huayi (花翎) decorated the hats of officials, with sanyan huayi or three peacock feathers reserved for the highest rank.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=“文禽”孔雀有“九德”
|url=https://www.people.com.cn/24hour/n/2013/1020/c25408-23262074.html
|publisher=Guangzhou Daily 广州日报
|date=2013-10-20
|access-date=2025-01-09
|language=zh-CN
|author=Zhong Kui 钟葵
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=Biddle2002>{{cite book|last=Biddle|first=Tami Davis|title=Pheasants, Partridges, and Grouse: A Guide to the Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails, and Sandgrouse of the World|series=Princeton Field Guides|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-691-08908-9}}</ref>

<ref name=birdlife>{{cite report|publisher=BirdLife International|year=2006|work=Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=1052–1087|title=Pavo muticus|url=http://birdbase.hokkaido-ies.go.jp/rdb/rdb_en/pavomuti.pdf|access-date=20 April 2008|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105337/http://birdbase.hokkaido-ies.go.jp/rdb/rdb_en/pavomuti.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name=Brickle2002>{{cite journal|last=Brickle|first=Nick W.|journal=Biological Conservation|year=2002|volume=105|issue=2|title=Habitat use, predicted distribution and conservation of green peafowl (''Pavo muticus'') in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam|pages=189–197|doi=10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00182-3|bibcode=2002BCons.105..189B }}</ref>

<ref name=Clements2007>{{cite book|last=Clements|first=James F.|title=The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World|edition=6th|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7136-8695-1|publisher=Christopher Helm|location=London}}</ref>

<ref name=crwflags>{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mm-hist.html|title=Burma: historical flags|website=crwflags.com}}</ref>

<ref name=Dickinson2003>{{cite book|editor-last=Dickinson|editor-first=Edward C.|title=The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World|edition=3rd|year=2003|publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=0-7136-6536-X}}.</ref>

<ref name=Grimmett1999>{{cite book|last1=Grimmett|first1=R.|last2=Inskipp|first2=C.|last3=Inskipp|first3=T.|title=Birds of India: Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|url=http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/6808.html|year=1999|isbn=0-691-04910-6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909173547/http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/6808.html|archive-date=9 September 2006}}</ref>

<ref name=Hybrid>{{cite web|last=Mennig|first=Wolfgang|title=Green Peafowl and Hybrids Tips and Tricks to identify unpure birds|url=http://wpa.tecker.info/hybrid.pdf|publisher=World Pheasant Association|access-date=22 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191921/http://wpa.tecker.info/hybrid.pdf|archive-date=2 January 2014}}</ref>



<ref name=Madge2002>{{cite book|last1=Madge|first1=Steve|first2=Phil|last2=McGowan|year=2002|title=Pheasants, Partridges, and Grouse: A Guide to the Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails, and Sandgrouse of the World|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=0-7136-3966-0}}</ref>

<ref name=Ouyang2008>{{cite web|last=Ouyang|first=Yi Na|title=Genetic Divergence between Pavo muticus and Pavo cristatus by Cyt b Gene|url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YNDX200902014.htm|year=2008|publisher=Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230023044/http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YNDX200902014.htm}}</ref>

<ref name=pcr>{{cite book|last1=Rasmussen|first1=P.C.|first2=J.C.|last2=Anderton|year=2005|title=The Birds of South Asia |publisher=Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions|isbn=978-84-96553-85-9}}</ref>

<ref name=Star2005>{{cite news|last=Chiew|first=Hilary|newspaper=The Star, Malaysia|title=The return of the Green peafowl|date=11 January 2005|url=http://www.ecologyasia.com/news-archives/2005/jan-05/star_050111_1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205055846/http://www.ecologyasia.com/news-archives/2005/jan-05/star_050111_1.htm|archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref>

<ref name=viet>{{cite report|last1=Brickle|first1=N.W.|first2=Nguyen|last2=Cu|first3=Ha Quy|last3=Quynh|first4=Nguyen Thai Tu |last4=Cuong|first5=Hoang Van|last5=San|year=1998|title=The Status and Distribution of Green Peafowl ''Pavo muticus'' in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam |publisher=BirdLife International – Vietnam Programme|location=Hanoi, Vietnam |url=http://thiennhienviet.org.vn/sourcebook/report_pdf/report1.pdf|doi=10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00182-3}}</ref>

<ref name=zma>{{cite web|url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/zma3d/detail.php?id=143&type=family&sort=taxon|title=Zoological Museum Amsterdam|access-date=20 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813082548/http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/zma3d/detail.php?id=143&type=family&sort=taxon|archive-date=13 August 2009}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pavo muticus}}
{{Wikispecies|Pavo muticus}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060629031146/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Pavo_muticus/ Arkive images and movies of the green peafowl (''Pavo muticus'')]
*[http://www.pavo-muticus.com The Green Peafowl of Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524121706/https://www.pavo-muticus.com/ |date=24 May 2022 }}
*{{Xeno-canto species|Pavo|muticus|Green peafowl}}
*{{BirdLife|22679440|Pavo muticus}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070112032437/http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/green_peafowl.html Green peafowl (''Pavo muticus'')] at [http://www.gbwf.org/ gbwf.org]
*{{Avibase|name=Pavo muticus}}
*{{InternetBirdCollection|green-peafowl-pavo-muticus|Green peafowl}}
*{{VIREO|Green+peafowl}}
*{{IUCN_Map|22679440/131749282|Pavo muticus}}

{{Taxonbar |from=Q254636}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1766|green peafowl]]
[[Category:Pavo (genus)|green peafowl]]
[[Category:Birds of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of Yunnan]]
[[Category:Endangered animals]]
[[Category:Endangered biota of Asia]]
[[Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|green peafowl]]
[[Category:Birds of Myanmar]]
[[Category:National symbols of Myanmar]]

Education in Jammu and Kashmir

2026-02-14T21:40:31Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
'''Education in Jammu and Kashmir''' is based on 5-tier model which includes [[primary schools]], [[middle schools]], [[secondary schools|higher secondary schools]], [[Colleges]] and [[University]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jammu and Kashmir: Official Portal|url=https://jk.gov.in/jammukashmir/?q=education#:~:text=Education%20in%20the%20state%20is,pattern%20for%20education%20of%20children.&text=In%20addition%20there%20are%20various,also%20impart%20secondary%20school%20education.|access-date=2022-01-26|website=jk.gov.in}}</ref> As per the census of 2011, Jammu and Kashmir has the literacy rate of 68%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Census India|title=Census India 2011|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND001_Jammu%2520&%2520Kashmir.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiLjMz9vc_1AhXWT2wGHXmQB24QFnoECA4QAQ&usg=AOvVaw1oYDcqYqQ30z2c2EueQtzv|website=Census India 2011}}</ref> However, there has been an increase in the numbers in recent years.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-19|title=Jammu and Kashmir’s female literacy rate lower than all-India level|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/jammu-and-kashmir-s-female-literacy-rate-lower-than-all-india-level-889762.html|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> The has been a recent focus on quality higher education in Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malik |first=Mohd Amin |date=2019-02-25 |title=Building our own quality institutions |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/opinion/building-our-own-quality-institutions/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
The modern education system was introduced in Kashmir in the second half of the 19th century by Christian missionaries. Maharaja Ranbir Singh's School was the only school run by the state in 1874. In 1880, J.H. Knowles opened the first missionary school was opened in [[Srinagar]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhat|first=Parvaiz Hussain|title=Modern Education in Kashmir – I|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/opinion/modern-education-in-kashmir-i|access-date=2022-01-26|website=Greater Kashmir|language=en}}</ref>

==Higher Education==

===Universities===
There are two central universities and nine state universities in the Jammu and Kashmir.
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:left; width:70%"
|+ Universities in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
! scope="col" style="width: 30%;" |University
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Location
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" |Type
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" |Established
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" |Specialization
! scope="col" style="width: 05%;" class="unsortable"|Sources
|-
!scope="row" | [[University of Kashmir]]
| [[Srinagar]]
| [[State university (India)|State]]
| 1948
| General
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmiruniversity.net/profile.aspx|title=Welcome to the Official Website of University of Kashmir|work=kashmiruniversity.net|access-date=20 July 2011|publisher=[[University of Kashmir]]|archive-date=25 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925064659/http://www.kashmiruniversity.net/profile.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[University of Jammu]]
| [[Jammu]]
| [[State university (India)|State]]
| 1969
| General
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jammuuniversity.in/uni_intro.asp|title=Jammu University : Introduction|work=jammuuniversity.in|access-date=20 July 2011|publisher=[[University of Jammu]]|archive-date=14 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714134530/http://www.jammuuniversity.in/uni_intro.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Central Sanskrit University]] - Shree Ranbir Campus
| [[Jammu]]
| [[Central university (India)|Central]]
| 1971
| Sanskrit
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir]]
| [[Srinagar]]
| [[State university (India)|State]]
| 1982
| Agriculture
|<ref name=SKUAST-K>{{cite web |url= http://www.skuastkashmir.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1:home-page |title= SKUAST | Sher-e-Kashmir University Of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir |work= skuastkashmir.ac.in |access-date= 20 July 2011 |publisher= [[Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110717125455/http://skuastkashmir.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1:home-page |archive-date= 17 July 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences]]
| [[Srinagar]]
| [[State university (India)|State]]
| 1983
| Medical Sciences
|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://skims.ac.in |title=Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences |work=skims.ac.in |access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu]]
| [[Jammu]]
| [[State university (India)|State]]
| 1999
| Agriculture
|<ref name=SKUAST-J>{{cite web |url= http://www.skuast.org/ |title=SKUAST-J; Sher-e-Kashmir University Of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu |work=www.skuast.org |access-date=28 June 2017|publisher= [[Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University]]
| [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]]
| [[State university (India)|State]]
| 2004
| Science, technology
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://smvdu.net.in/about/aboutsmvdufactshistory.html |title=Facts and History : Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University |work=smvdu.net.in |access-date=20 July 2011 |publisher=[[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621164843/http://smvdu.net.in/about/aboutsmvdufactshistory.html |archive-date=21 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Islamic University of Science and Technology]]
| [[Awantipora]]
| [[State university (India)|State]]
| 2005
| Science, technology
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamicuniversity.edu.in/about.html|title=Islamic University of Science and Technology · [ IUST ]|work=islamicuniversity.edu.in|access-date=20 July 2011|publisher=[[Islamic University of Science and Technology]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728015900/http://www.islamicuniversity.edu.in/about.html|archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Baba Ghulam Shah Badhshah University]]
| [[Rajauri]]
| [[State university (India)|State]]
| 2005
| General
|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bgsbuniversity.org/about_university.htm |title=Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri Jammu&Kashmir |work=bgsbuniversity.org |access-date=20 July 2011|publisher=[[Baba Ghulam Shah Badhshah University]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Central University of Jammu]]
| [[Jammu]]
| [[Central University, India|Central]]
| 2009
| General
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cujammu.in/Index.html |title=Central University of Jammu |work=cujammu.in |access-date=27 April 2013 |publisher=[[Central University of Jammu]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714035818/http://www.cujammu.in/index.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Central University of Kashmir]]
| [[Srinagar]]
| [[Central University, India|Central]]
| 2009
| General
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cukashmir.ac.in/home.aspx |title=Welcome To The Official Website | Central University of Kashmir |work=cukashmir.ac.in |access-date=19 July 2011 |publisher=[[Central University of Kashmir]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830023048/http://www.cukashmir.ac.in/home.aspx |archive-date=30 August 2011 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Cluster University of Jammu]]
|[[Jammu]]
|[[State university (India)|State]]
| 2016
| General
|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.clujammu.in/ |title=Cluster University of Jammu Jammu&Kashmir |work=clujammu.in |access-date=28 June 2017|publisher=[[Cluster University of Jammu]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" | [[Cluster University of Srinagar]]
|[[Srinagar]]
|[[State university (India)|State]]
| 2016
| General
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cusrinagar.org/|title=Cluster University of Srinagar Jammu&Kashmir|work=cusrinagar.org|access-date=28 June 2017|publisher=[[Cluster University of Srinagar]]|archive-date=5 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705234035/http://cusrinagar.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Entrance examinations==
The Jammu and Kashmir Board of Professional Entrance Examinations (JKBOPEE)<ref>{{Cite web |title=JKBOPEE |url=https://www.jkbopee.gov.in/}}</ref> is an independent entity empowered to autonomously administer Entrance Tests and determine the selection of candidates for diverse professional courses. The range of entrance tests overseen by JKBOPEE encompasses the Polytechnic Entrance Test (PET), [[Common Entrance Test]] (CET) specifically for engineering, B.Ed, Postgraduate Diploma Entrance Tests, and Paramedical Entrance Test. In addition to coordinating entrance examinations, the board assumes the responsibility for facilitating admissions and counseling processes for both undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) medical courses, aligning with [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET UG and PG]] scores, respectively.{{fact|date=January 2025}}

In 2002, the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] Board of Professional Entrance Examinations [[Act of Parliament|Act]] was enacted by the State Legislature, leading to the establishment of the Jammu and Kashmir Board of Professional Entrance under the provisions of the Act. This new board replaced the previously existing Competent Authority Entrance Examinations. The legislative action aimed to empower the examining body to conduct [[Entrance examination (education)|entrance tests]] with increased vigor, allowing it to carry out candidate selection independently, objectively, and with enhanced efficiency.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About |date=10 February 2024 |url=https://admission.aglasem.com/jakbopee/}}</ref>

The composition of the JKBOPEE includes a chairman and other members appointed by the Government. The chairman, a full-time paid official, is appointed by the Government. Additionally, the board has other full-time officers, such as the secretary, controller of examinations, financial advisor/chief accounts Officer, and law officer. Alongside these officers, the board is supported by subordinate staff who contribute to its overall functioning.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Education in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Sidin Vadukut

2026-02-12T02:44:48Z

ScarlettFlannaga: enhance information for consistency

{{multiple issues|
{{BLP self-published|date=November 2012}}
{{Resume-like|date=July 2011}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sidin Sunny Vadukut
| image = Sidin Vadukut 2.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1979 
| birth_place = [[Irinjalakuda]], Kerala
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| education = MA, [[MBA]], BE.
| alma_mater = [[Birkbeck, University of London|Birkbeck]], [[University of London]] [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]], [[National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli|National Institute of Technology,Tiruchirappalli]]<ref name="diarieshindu" />
| occupation =
| known_for = Managing editor of [[Mint (newspaper)|Livemint.com]]<ref name="diarieshindu" />
| spouse = Ruchika Kapoor
| website = [http://www.whatay.com www.whatay.com]
}}

'''Sidin Sunny Vadukut''' is a columnist,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Search/Link/Keyword/sidin%20Vadukut|title= More articles by: Sidin Vadukut|work=[[Livemint]]|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref> writer<ref name="diarieshindu" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flipkart.com/search/a/books?query=sidin+Vadukut|title= "sidin vadukut" Books|publisher=Flipkart.com|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.penguinbooksindia.com/dork.aspx|title=DORK: The Incredible Adventures of Robin 'Einstein' Varghese|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref> and blogger<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beingablogger.com/2008/05/29/an-interview-with-sidin-wwwwhataycom/|title=An Interview with Sidin (www.whatay.com)|publisher=beingablogger.com|accessdate=7 March 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120906033216/http://www.beingablogger.com/2008/05/29/an-interview-with-sidin-wwwwhataycom/|archivedate=6 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> from [[India]]. In January 2010, Vadukut's [[debut novel]] ''Dork: The Incredible Adventures of Robin 'Einstein' Varghese'' was published.<ref name="diarieshindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/02/13/stories/2010021354260700.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220153224/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/02/13/stories/2010021354260700.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 February 2010|title=Dear Diary entries : Sidin Vadukut on his book Dork: The Incredible Adventures of Robin 'Einstein' Varghese |date=13 February 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/53794/stepping-inside-hollow-head.html|title=Stepping inside a hollow head|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=20 February 2010 |accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref> This is the first part of the ''Dork'' trilogy and takes a satirical dig at the management consulting industry. The second installment in the trilogy – ''God Save the Dork'' – set in London was released in November 2011. The final edition – ''Who let the Dork Out'' – was out in the markets on 4 November 2012.

==Personal life==
In September 2014 he appeared as a contestant on the BBC quiz show ''[[Mastermind (television)|Mastermind]]''. His specialist subject was [[champagne]].{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Works==
Vadukut has written three books that comprise the Dork trilogy. The trilogy belong to the genre described as [[Office humor]].<ref name=diarieshindu /> The trilogy comprises ''DORK: The Incredible Adventures of Robin ‘Einstein' Varghese'', ''God Save The Dork'' and ''Who Let The Dork Out?''

In 2014, Vadukut published his first non fiction book ''The Sceptical Patriot: Exploring the Truths Behind the Zero and Other Indian Glories''.

Vadukut contributes articles to various websites including Mint <ref>{{cite web|title=Article List at LiveMint |url=http://www.livemint.com/Search/Link/Author/Sidin%20Vadukut|work=Livemint|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> and ESPN CricInfo<ref>{{cite web|title=Article List at ESPN CricInfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/author.html?author=339|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.whatay.com/ Sidin Sunny Vadukut's personal blog]
* [http://www.bookgeeks.in/entries/humour/dork-vadukut Review of Sidin Vadukut's 'God Save the Dork']
* [https://twitter.com/sidin Sidin Vadukut's Twitter]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vadukut, Sidin}}
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Writers from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London]]
[[Category:1979 births]]

Luke Kenny

2026-02-08T11:54:54Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Page refined with updated information

{{short description|Indian actor, film director, producer, and music director}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Luke Kenny
| image = Luke Kenny.jpg
| caption = Kenny in 2012
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India
| years_active = 1989–present
| known_for = ''[[Rock On!!]]''
}}

'''Luke Kenny''' is an Indian actor, film director, producer, music director, composer, and former [[video jockey|VJ]]. He began his career as a DJ, followed by a successful stint as the first male VJ on Channel V.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fireflydaily.com/kya-karrele-hai-baapu/|title=This Is What Our Favorite Channel V and MTV VJs Are Doing These Days|website=Firefly Daily|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818073519/http://www.fireflydaily.com/kya-karrele-hai-baapu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He gained widespread recognition for his role in the 2008 rock musical drama ''[[Rock On!!]]''

In 2018, Kenny came back into prominence for his role as the hired mercenary Malcolm Murad in the [[Netflix]] series ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nathan |first=Archana |title=Cuckoo, Katekar and Malcom: Introducing three stand-out characters (and actors) from 'Sacred Games' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/885232/cuckoo-katekar-and-malcom-introducing-three-stand-out-characters-and-actors-from-sacred-games |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=Scroll.in|date=5 July 2018 }}</ref>

==Early life==
Kenny was born in [[Kolkata]] and is of [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian]] descent. His Irish grandfather was originally from [[Burma]] but moved to India after [[WWII]] and married Kenny's British grandmother. The actor's father, Robert Kenny, was born in [[Delhi]] and was a musician. He later moved to [[Kolkata]] and married Kenny's mother, who was Italian.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lal |first1=Niharika |title=I love Delhi, but not its people, says Luke Kenny – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/I-love-Delhi-but-not-its-people-says-Luke-Kenny/articleshow/45238780.cms |accessdate=20 August 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=22 November 2014}}</ref>
Kenny's parents divorced when he was very young and he grew up in [[Mumbai]] with his father and grandfather, both musicians, prompting his interest in music from a young age.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} He was a student at [[Elphinstone College]] in Mumbai but left the school early to pursue a career in music.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

==Career==
Kenny began his career as a dancer, influenced by [[Michael Jackson]]. He was spotted and later recruited by [[Arshad Warsi]]'s dance crew. In 1991, he joined the rock band Greek as a vocalist. Between 1993 and 1995, he had a small stint as a DJ. In 1995, he joined the newly launched [[Channel V]] as their first male VJ. He became popular and had a long-term association with the channel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Been creatively contributive whenever I could be: VJ Luke Kenny |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/been-creatively-contributive-whenever-i-could-be-vj-luke-kenny-116102100239_1.html |accessdate=20 August 2019 |work=Business Standard India |date=21 October 2016}}</ref>
Kenny got his first acting break in the 1997 film ''Bombay Boys'' alongside [[Naveen Andrews]], albeit in a small role. After this, he went back to Channel V and served as their head of music programming until 2008. In 2005, Kenny tried his hand at directing and producing, with the film ''13th Floor'', starring [[Purab Kohli]] and [[Sandhya Mridul]]. The production was India's first digitally-released film and received recognition at film festivals. Kenny returned to acting with his breakthrough role in the 2008 film ''[[Rock On!!]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Kaushani |date=8 March 2020 |title='Rock On!!' fames Luke Kenny's journey in Bollywood |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2020/Mar/08/rock-on-fames-luke-kennys-journey-in-bollywood-2112855.html |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

Kenny has also been a contributor to various news columns. He used to write "If I May Say So" for the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' and "LukeBox" for ''Rolling Stone India''. In 2011 he became the channel head of 9XO, a 24/7 international music channel owned by [[9X Media]]. In 2013, he produced and starred in India's first zombie film, ''Rise of the Zombie''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Getting ready for Rise of the Zombie was painful: Luke Kenny - NDTV Movies |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/getting-ready-for-rise-of-of-the-zombie-was-painful-luke-kenny-610554 |website=NDTVMovies.com |date=February 2013 |accessdate=20 August 2019}}</ref>

Kenny recently regained public attention with his acclaimed portrayal of Malcolm Murad, a hired mercenary, in the first Netflix India original series, ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/cast-of-sacred-games-2-goes-retro-in-latest-photoshoot/|title=Cast of Sacred Games 2 goes retro in latest photoshoot|last=Singh|first=Mohnish|date=22 July 2019|website=EasternEye|language=en-GB|access-date=13 December 2019}}</ref> Kenny was part of the cast in both seasons of the show. He next appeared as GDPA official Wolfgang Hummels (inspired by [[World Anti-Doping Agency|WADA]]) in the second season of the [[Amazon Prime]] show ''[[Inside Edge (TV series)|Inside Edge]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/inside-edge-season-2-trailer-amazon-s-indian-original-will-sustain-you-till-mirzapur-2/story-TzpNmc405LqaQugzNMKpFK.html|title=Inside Edge season 2 trailer: Amazon's Indian original will sustain you till Mirzapur 2|date=18 November 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=13 December 2019}}</ref> The same year, he also appeared in the film ''[[Tanhaji]]'', portraying the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]].

In 2022, Kenny appeared in the [[Disney+ Hotstar]] series ''[[Rudra: The Edge of Darkness]]''. The same year, he was added to the upcoming web series ''Parth aur Jugnu''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=16 July 2022 |title=Exclusive: Luke Kenny bags web series Parth aur Jugnu |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/exclusive-luke-kenny-bags-web-series-parth-aur-jugnu/2022/07/16 |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=IWMBuzz}}</ref>

==Filmography==


===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{Sronly|List of film appearances, with year, title, and role shown}}
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1998
| ''[[Bombay Boys]]''
| Xavier
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Rock On!!]]''
| Rob Nancy
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Rise of the Zombie]]''
| Neil Parker
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2016
| ''[[Banjo (2016 film)|Banjo]]''
| Mickey a.k.a. Mic
|
|-
| ''[[Rock On 2]]''
| Rob Nancy
| Cameo in the song "You Know What I Mean"
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Qarib Qarib Singlle]]''
| Sidkong
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Tanhaji]]''
| [[Aurangzeb]]
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[The Archies (film)|The Archies]]''
| [[Families of Archie's Gang#The Mantle family|Ricky Mantle]]
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Merry Christmas (2024 film)|Merry Christmas]]''
| Jerome
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Kesari Chapter 2]]''
| [[Appeal court]] judge
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{Sronly|List of television appearances, with year, title, and role shown}}
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2018
| ''[[21 Sarfarosh – Saragarhi 1897]]''
| Major Des Voeux
| [[Discovery Jeet]]
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]]''
| Malcolm Mourad
| [[Netflix]]
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Inside Edge (TV series)|Inside Edge]]''
| Wolfgang Hummels
| [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
| ''[[Rudra: The Edge of Darkness]]''
| JK Lamba
| [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|-
| ''[[Dharavi Bank]]''
| Michael
| Disney+ Hotstar
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Fireflies: Parth Aur Jugnu]]''
| Sleeman/Mritunjay Vyas
| [[ZEE5]]
|-
|2025
|''[[The Royals (2025 TV series)|The Royals]]''
|Adi Mehta / Maurice
|[[Netflix]]
|-
|}

===Other crew positions===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Title
! Director || Producer
|-
| 2005
| ''13th Floor''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| 2013
| ''Rise of the Zombie''
|
| {{Yes}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{BH person}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kenny, Luke}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Indian people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Anglo-Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian people of Anglo-Burmese descent]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]

Mahatma Isardas

2026-01-24T16:26:13Z

ScarlettFlannaga: small reworked layout based on references also and fixed typos for clarity

{{Short description|Hindu saint-poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}

{{Infobox Hindu leader
| honorific-prefix = ''Bhakta-Kavi-Śrī''
| name = ''Mahātmā Īsardāsa''
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Mahatma Isardas Temple at Bhadres.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Temple of Mahatma Isardasji (left) along with [[Radha Krishna|Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa]] at his birth-place at Bhadresh; a village in [[Rajasthan]].
| birth_date = c. 1539 AD
| birth_place = Bhadresh, [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| death_date = c. 1618 AD
| death_place = [[Luni River]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| title =
| other_names = 
| birth_name =
| resting_place =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| nationality = Indian
| spouse = {{hlist|Devalbai|Rajbai}}
| children = {{unbulleted list|Jagoji Barhath|Chundoji Barhath|Gopaldasji Barhath|Jesaji Barhath|Kahanadasji Barhath}}
| mother = Amar Bai
| father = Suraji Barhath
| denomination = [[Vaishnavism]]
| school =
| lineage =
| sect =
| subsect =
| known_for = Poems, [[Krishna]]-[[Bhakti movements]]
| notable_works = {{unbulleted list|''Hariras''|''Deviyan''|''Hala-Jhala Ra Kundaliya''}}
| signature =
| institute =
| founder =
| philosophy = [[Bhagavata Purana|Bhagavata-Dharma]]
| guru = Śrī Pītāmbar Bhaṭṭa
| location =
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| disciples =
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| website =
| honors = {{unbulleted list|''Mahātmā''|''Bhakta-Kavi-Śrī''}}
| teacher =
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}

'''Mahatma Isardas''' ([[Sanskrit]]: भक्त-कवी-श्री महात्मा ईसरदास {{IAST3|Bhakta-Kavi-Śrī Mahātmā Īsardāsa}})
was a 16th-century Indian Hindu saint-poet, who is revered as a devotee of [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]] in [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] states of India. He is associated with having done miraculous works, and due to his high devotion to [[Krishna]], he was called ''Īsara-so-parameśvara'' (''Īsardāsa'' is a manifestation of the Almighty himself).

Popular creations like ''[[Deviyan]]'' and ''Hariras'' (bhakti kavya) and ''Hala-Jhala ra Kundaliya'' (veer-ras kavya) are credited to Isardas. Also known as 'Sant Mahatma Isardas' by his devotees. The language of Isardas' compositions is [[Dingal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|date=1987|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Isardas Barhath was born in a [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] [[Charan]] family in the 16th century c. AD 1539 (VS 1595) in Bhadresh village of [[Barmer district|Barmer]] district in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Trikha|first=Pradeep|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXylLu3qQbsC&dq=%22Barhath+Isardas%22&pg=PA177|title=Textuality and Inter-textuality in the Mahabharata: Myth, Meaning and Metamorphosis|date=2006|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-691-9|language=en}}</ref> His father Suraji Barhath was a devotee of [[Krishna]]. His mother was Amar Bai. His parents died when he was a child, and thereafter he was brought up and educated by his paternal uncle Ashanand Barhath, a learned vedic-scholar himself.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dipikakar|first=Badriprasad Sankariya|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.550689|title=Hariras|date=1960}}</ref>
<blockquote>''Panarāsau pichchāṇave, janamyā Isaradas | [[Charan|cāraṇa]] varaṇ chakār mean, uṇ din huanvo ujās ||''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Moti Lal Menariya|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.404392|title=Rajsthani Bhasa Aur Sahitya|date=1936}}</ref></blockquote>
While living in Bhadresh, Isardas had two sons—Jagoji and Chundoji from his wife Deval Bai (first marriage). He got depressed after the death of Deval Bai. To distract his mind, in 1559, Ashanand took him on a pilgrimage to [[Dwarka]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Maheshvarii Hiiraalaal|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.473900|title=Baarahath Iisaradaas|date=1985}}</ref>

== Isardas and Jam Rawal ==
In 1560, while returning, both of them were invited to attend the court of [[Jam Rawal]] in [[Jamnagar]]. There Isardas introduced himself and displayed his poetic talent by reciting some [[Dingal]] verses he composed. Jam Rawal was very impressed with his talent and offered Isardas the position of ''Raj Kavi'' (poet-laureate). His uncle Ashanand returned to [[Marwar]] after some time.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rāṭhauṛa|first=Vikramasiṃha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DA0MAAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8|title=Māravāṛa kā sāṃskr̥tika itihāsa|date=1996|publisher=Rājasthānī Granthāgāra|language=hi}}</ref>

In [[Jamnagar]], Isardas studied the classics, especially the [[Bhagavad Gita|Bhagavata]] under Pitambar Bhatta, who was an erudite scholar of the Jam Rawal's court. Gradually the devotional aspects of his life developed to a sufficiently advanced stage. In his maturity, his fame soon spread all over [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] which brought him plenty of wealth and land grants.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Dādhīca|first=Rāmaprasāda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AmcyAAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8|title=Rajasthani : bhasha-sahitya-samskrti|date=1986|language=hi}}</ref>

Isardas and [[Jam Rawal]] had a very close relationship. After learning about the demise of Isardas's first wife, king Jam Rawal arranged for the second marriage of Isar Das in a respected [[Charan]] family of Gujarat. He was about 22 years old at the time of his second marriage. He had three sons–Gopaldasji, Jesaji, and Kahanadasji and one daughter from his second wife, Rajbai. Rajbai was the daughter of a [[Charan]] of the Avsura branch, Panthabhai [[Gadhavi]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=B. L. Mali Ashanta|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.551069|title=Rajasthani Sahitya Ka Itihas [ Madhyakal ]|date=1954}}</ref>

Jagat Temple was built by Jam Rawal in [[Dwarka]] on the insistence of Isardas, a devotee of [[Krishna]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Trikha|first=Madhav Hada Translated by Pradeep|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgsNEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22isardas%22&pg=PA54|title=Meera Vs Meera|date=2020-12-07|publisher=Vani Book Company|isbn=978-93-89915-90-7|language=en}}</ref>

Jam Rawal presented Isardas with 'Kod Pasav' and also awarded the villages of Sanchana, Rangpar, Virvadarka, Goondho, etc. as [[jagir]] (fief).<ref name=":4" />

== Miracles ascribed to Isardas ==
There are many legends/miracles popular among the devotees about Isardas, and also narrated in [[:hi:वंश भास्कर|Vansh Bhaskar]]. Some of them are:

=== Tax on Charans ===
The Sultan of [[Ahmedabad]] (Gujarat) imposed a tax of one lakh rupees on the [[Charan]]s, who were horse-traders by profession, thinking they were wealthy. Isardas guaranteed their bail but could not pay on time. The [[Sultan]] imprisoned Isardas and threatened to kill him after the new moon. It is said that Isardas stopped the rising of the moon. Sultan believed it to be a divine sign and Isardas was given a further period of one month. When the news of the imprisonment of Isardas reached the king of [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Halvad]], [[Raisinhji I of Halvad|Rana Rai Singh]], he delivered the payment to the Sultan of Ahemdabad.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Charans.org|title=भक्त कवि ईसरदास|url=https://www.charans.org/isardas/|access-date=2021-07-03|website=Charans.org (चारण समागम)|date=24 August 2015 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Isardas and Ahirs of Gujarat ===
Similarly, this Sultan also taxed the [[Ahir]]s of [[Kathiawar]] and threatened to convert them to Islam and make them Muslims in the event of non-payment. Isardas upon hearing the plight of Ahirs, again promised to pay the bail of one lakh rupees. Isardas requested [[Raisinhji I of Halvad|Rana Rai Singh]] of [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Halvad]] again and he did this by selling gold from his treasury. This way Rai Singh repaid and rescued them. Isradas's compositions in [[Raisinhji I of Halvad|Rai Singh]]'s praise:<ref name=":7" />
<blockquote>''Kārāgrah sū kāḍhiyau, bīdag bījī bār । Aiyo rāyāansigh rā, ghar handā upagār ।।''</blockquote>
Another verse is as follows:
<blockquote>''Kar fālūan gochh ghaḍae snap kāḍhū, dhaṣhat tele hāth gharū। Rāyāansīh sarīso rājā, koī hove to dhīj karūan ॥॥''</blockquote>
Which translates:

'Taking the burning shell in the hand, Holding the snake in my hands, By putting my hand in burning hot oil, I can say to the world that there is no other king like [[Raisinhji I of Halvad|Rai Singh]] on this Earth'<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|last=Barhath|first=Ishardas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRTSYY4Ki9oC&q=%22ishardas%22+%22charan%22|title=Ishardas Granthawali|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Sahitya Akademi Publications|isbn=978-81-260-1821-5|language=en}}</ref>

=== Saving Karan Singh ===
Once, Karan, who was the son of [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Bija Saravaya of [[Amreli]] in the state of [[Junagadh State|Junagarh]], died of a snake bite. He was bitten on the day of his wedding to which Isardas was invited to attend. When he arrived and found out about the incident he was very saddened. Isardas started praying to the Lord and resurrected him.<ref name=":7" /> <blockquote>''Ghānantar mayanka haṇū sukra dhāvo, nar pālak rudra riṣh nivaḍa।''

''Ek bāragī karaṇ uṭhāḍo, branapaṭ taṇo prāgavaḍa ॥''

''Jo tū āi nahī jīvāḍai, saravahiyon dīnā cho sāma।''

''Tūjh taṇo oṣhad dhānantara, ke din fir āvasī kām ॥''

''Karaṇ jīvasī guṇ māne kavi, kei jagat chā sarasī kāj ।''

''Amī kevaṇ din arath āvasī, avis nahī jo sasiyar āj ॥''

''Ānṇe oṣhad karaṇ uṭhāḍo, jag sah māne sānch jim ।''

''Haṇumat lakhaṇ taṇī parasidh huva, kavaṇ mānasī hutī kim ॥''<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>

=== Isardas and Sanga Gaur ===
Once on his way to [[Dwarka]] (according to Kaviraja Muraridan, while going to [[Amreli]]), Isardas made a stop in a small village on the banks of the river Venu. He stayed at the home of a poor [[Rajput]] named Sanga Gaur for a night. Sanga was glad at the visit of a Charan Despite being poor, Sanga Gaur took great care of Isardas. And when Isardas started going the next day, Sanga prayed that he should accept a blanket as a gift. Isardas was moved and replied that he will come back in a few days and take the blanket. Meanwhile, Sanga came to the Venu river one day after grazing his animals. He was crossing the river when it flooded and it swept along Sanga with the animals and led to his drowning. While drowning, he called to the nearby standing people to tell his mother to offer a banket to Isardas when he returns. In a few days, Isardas arrived at Sanga's house where Sanga's mother prepared a meal for him. But Isardas asked, where is Sanga, I won't eat food without him. Hearing this, Sanga's mother, filled with grief, started crying. Finally, she narrated the tragedy that happened with her son at the river. Hearing this, Isardas stood up demanding to be taken at the spot where Sanga drowned. Isardas reached the crossing point at Venu river and started calling out loudly to Sanga. People gathered there heard Sanga replying that he was coming and in a while, Sanga came out alive from the water with his animals. They went home and ate together.<ref name=":7" />

There are few [[Dingal]] couplets relating this incident:
<blockquote>''Nadī bahuantī jāya, sād j sāangariya diyau।Kahajyāan morī māya, kavi ne dīje kāmalī ।।''<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>
Translates as: While going out into the river, Sanga said to his mother that she give a blanket to the poet.

== Hariras ==
[[Hariras]] is an influential [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] religious text in which absolute divinity has been described and praised in adulatory verses. Many people also read it regularly in [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]]. Numerous Gujarati as well as [[Hindi]] editions of Hariras have been published.<ref name=":0" />

Hariras is also read out to the dead, similar to the way shlokas from Shrimad [[Bhagavad Gita|Bhagvadgita]] are recited at someone's passing.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Śukla|first=Dineśa Candra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhscAAAAIAAJ&q=%22hariras%22|title=Spiritual Heritage of Rajasthan|date=1992|publisher=Books Treasure|language=en}}</ref>

== Deviyan ==
[[Deviyan]] is a religious text of [[Shaktism]] meant for daily prayer routine. It is sung in praise of divinity in female form, [[Shakti]]. Deviyan is compared to the sacred text [[Devi Mahatmya]] .

This verse of [[Keshavdas Gadan]], a contemporary saint-poet, is very popular on the subject of [[Hariras]]:
<blockquote>''Jag prājalato jāṇa, agha dāvānala ūparān । Rachiyo rohaḍ rāṇa, mamad harī ras sūravat ॥<ref name=":4" />''</blockquote>

== Death ==

After living in [[Gujarat]]-[[Kathiawar]] for 49 years till the age of 65, Isardas decided to return to his birthplace and spent the rest of his life there. Accordingly, he traveled and reached Bhadresh from Kathiawar. After spending some time in [[Bhadresh]], he built a hut on the banks of river [[Luni River|Luni]] and lived there.<ref name=":3" />

He continued to do [[Bhagavata|Bhagavat]]-bhajan throughout for the remaining time. Mahatma Isardas entered ''Jalsamadhi'' at about 80 years of age, in AD 1618 (Vikram Samvat 1675).<ref name=":5" />

== Legacy ==
Mahatma Isardas was revered by and had considerable influence on kings, royals, nobles as well as common people.<ref name=":1" />

18th-century saint-poet [[Pirdan Lalas]] himself regarded Isardas as his {{'}}''Bhava-Guru''{{'}} (spiritual preceptor) and {{'}}''Manas-Guru''{{'}}.<ref name=":0" /> Pirdan's compositions in this regard:<blockquote>''Īsāṇanda guru chit māan āanṇāan, vaidavyās nāan pachhe vaṣhāṇāan । —Guṇ Nārāiṇ Neh''<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>
<blockquote>''Chaḍhaiyā chhe chanchale, alap guru Isar āpe। Āratī alab ārādhanā Isarajī nā āratī ॥ —Guṇ Alap Ārādh''<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>
<blockquote>''Bārahaṭha ane rishi barābarī, vedavyās Īsar baḍā ॥॥॥''

''Īsar bāraṭh isau rame bainkuanṭha main rāanmati।''

''Īsar bāraṭh isau gyāanna govid jisī gati ।''

''Īsar bāraṭh isau alaṣh rāshe siri ūpari ।''

''Īsar bāraṭh isau idhakamā nimo aparanpari |''

''Tu huo dās īsar taṇoan, manachhā vāchhā doṣh dahi।''

''Kisan rā pāv bheanṭaṇ kare, guru Īsar rā gyāana grahi ॥''

''—Guṇ Gyāana Charit''<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>
<blockquote>''Arijaṇ ne akarūr vyās ripi bāraṭ īsar ।''

''Sinikādikhi samarāan, birid pe bāraṭ īsara।''

''Brahma sataguru huantā vaḍo, īsaradās anūp ।''

''—Guṇ Ajanpājāp''<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>
[[Suryamal Misran]] had mentioned Mahatma Isardas in his voluminous work [[:hi:वंश भास्कर|Vansh Bhaskar]] as a saint and poet with epithets such as {{'}}''Kalikālabhāgavat Mūurddha Maṇi Dvārahaṭh Sukavīshvara''{{'}} and {{'}}''Mahābhakteshwaradāsa''{{'}}.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|last=Śekhāvata|first=Saubhāgyasiṃha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E61jAAAAMAAJ&q=%22isardas%22+%22charan%22|title=Īsaradāsa nāmaka vibhinna Cāraṇa kavi|date=1980|publisher=Rājasthāna Sāhitya Samiti|language=hi}}</ref>

In his [[Bhaktamal]], poet [[Nabha Dass|Nabhadas]] had also mentioned the name of Mahatma Isardas among fourteen [[Charan]] saints.<ref name=":0" />

Many later poets were influenced by ''Hariras'' and ''Deviyan'', sacred texts of the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavites]] and the [[Shaktism|Shaktas]] respectively, prominent among whom were Surajanji (Katha Harigun), Udoji Adinga (Vishnu Charit), Muni Man (Gyanrasa), and Veni Ram (Jinarasa), .<ref name=":9" />

[[Kaviraja Bankidas Asiya|Kaviraj Bankidas Asiya]], [[Suryamal Misran]], and several other poets were influenced by the ''veer-ras'' kavya (martial poetry) composition, Hala-Jhala ra Kundaliya.<ref name=":9" />

== Works ==
The major compositions of the poet are as follows:<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Bhati|first=Dr Narayansingh|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.401053|title=Dingal Geet Sahitya|date=1961}}</ref>

# ''Harirasa''
# ''Chota Harirasa''
# ''Guna Bhagwat Hansa''
# ''Garud-Purana''
# ''Vala-Leela''
# ''Ninda Stuti''
# ''Deviyan''
# ''Guna Aagama''
# ''Guna Vairaat''
# ''Sama Parva''
# ''Rasa Kailasa''
# ''Hala-Jhala Ra Kundaliya''
# ''Daan Leela<ref name=":6" />''

== References ==
{{reflist}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Isardas}}
[[Category:Marwar]]
[[Category:Jamnagar]]
[[Category:1539 births]]
[[Category:1618 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language poets]]
[[Category:Cultural history of Gujarat]]
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Dingal poets]]

Director General of the Border Security Force

2026-01-24T05:07:27Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New - done

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use DMY dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Head of the Border Security Force}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Director General
| body = the Border Security Force
| insignia = BSF Insignia.svg
| insigniacaption = Emblem of the Border Security Force
| flag = BSF Flag.svg
| flagcaption = Flag of the Border Security Force
| department = [[Border Security Force]]
| reports_to = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| seat = [[Lodhi Road]], [[New Delhi]]
| appointer = The [[Union Government]]
| appointer_qualified = {{small|(with [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]]'s consent)}}
| constituting_instrument = [https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/bsfAct&Rules_2.pdf Border Security Force Act, 1968]
| formation = {{start date and age|1965|12|01|df=y}}
| first = [[Khusro Faramurz Rustamji]], IPS
| salary = {{INRConvert|250000}} per month under Pay level 17
| website = {{url|www.bsf.gov.in}}
| termlength = At the pleasure of the government
| incumbent = [[Praveen Kumar (police officer)|Praveen Kumar]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| incumbentsince = 1 December 2025
}}

The '''director general of the Border Security Force (DG BSF)''' is the head of the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF), an Indian [[Paramilitary forces of India|paramillitary wing]] under the [[Central Armed Police Forces]] (CAPF). The role of the director general is to oversee the day-to-day operations of the patrolling the borders with [[Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh]], and the activities of the sanctioned 2,70,000 personnels. The director reports to the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]].

== Background ==
In the wake of [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]] and lack of inadequecy of state armed police in copying the armed aggression, the BSF was established in 1965. Later the ''Border Security Force Act, 1968'' passed in [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]].

== Term of office ==
The director general of BSF is appointed by the [[Union Government]], through [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC). The ACC consists of the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] and the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] of India. The director general can serve at the pleasure of the government but must retire at the age of 60. However, their term can be extended for up to two years. The director general must be a senior [[Indian Police Service]] officer in the rank of [[director general of police]] (DGP).

== List of the director generals ==
{| class="wikitable"
!{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!Name of the DG
!Term start
!Term end
!Duration of service
|-
|1.
|[[Khusro Faramurz Rustamji]]
|21 July 1965
|30 September 1974
|{{ayd|1965|07|21|1974|09|30}}
|-
|2.
|[[Ashwini Kumar (sports administrator)|Ashwini Kumar]]
|1 October 1974
|31 December 1978
|{{ayd|1974|10|01|1978|12|31}}
|-
|3.
|Sharawan Tandon
|1 January 1979
|30 November 1980
|{{ayd|1979|01|01|1980|11|30}}
|-
|4.
|K. Rama Murti
|1 December 1980
|31 August 1982
|{{ayd|1980|12|01|1982|08|31}}
|-
|5.
|Birbal Nath
|1 September 1982
|30 September 1984
|{{ayd|1982|09|01|1984|09|30}}
|-
|6.
|M. C. Misra
|1 October 1984
|31 July 1987
|{{ayd|1984|10|01|1987|07|31}}
|-
|7.
|H. P. Bhatnagar
|1 August 1987
|31 July 1990
|{{ayd|1987|08|01|1990|07|31}}
|-
|8.
|T. Ananthachary
|1 August 1990
|31 May 1993
|{{ayd|1990|08|01|1993|05|31}}
|-
|9.
|[[Prakash Singh]]
|9 June 1993
|31 January 1994
|{{ayd|1993|06|09|1994|01|31}}
|-
|10.
|D. K. Arya
|1 February 1994
|3 December 1995
|{{ayd|1994|02|01|1995|12|03}}
|-
|11.
|Arun Bhagat
|4 December 1995
|2 October 1996
|{{ayd|1995|12|04|1996|10|02}}
|-
|12.
|A. K. Tandon
|2 October 1996
|4 December 1997
|{{ayd|1996|10|02|1997|12|04}}
|-
|13.
|[[E. N. Rammohan]]
|4 December 1997
|30 November 2000
|{{ayd|1997|12|04|2000|11|30}}
|-
|14.
|Gurbachan Singh Jagat
|30 November 2000
|30 June 2002
|{{ayd|2000|11|30|2002|06|30}}
|-
|15.
|Ajay Raj Sharma
|1 July 2002
|31 December 2004
|{{ayd|2002|07|01|2004|12|31}}
|-
|16.
|[[Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary]]
|31 December 2004
|26 February 2006
|{{ayd|2004|12|31|2006|02|26}}
|-
|17.
|A. K. Mitra
|27 February 2006
|30 September 2008
|{{ayd|2006|02|27|2008|09|30}}
|-
|18.
|M. L. Kumawat
|1 October 2008
|31 July 2009
|{{ayd|2008|10|01|2009|07|31}}
|-
|19.
|Raman Srivastava
|1 August 2009
|31 October 2011
|{{ayd|2009|08|01|2011|10|31}}
|-
|20.
|U. K. Bansal
|1 November 2011
|30 November 2012
|{{ayd|2011|11|01|2012|11|30}}
|-
|21.
|Subhash Joshi
|19 December 2012
|28 February 2014
|{{ayd|2012|12|19|2014|02|28}}
|-
|22.
|D. K. Pathak
|8 March 2014
|29 February 2016
|{{ayd|2014|03|08|2016|02|29}}
|-
|23.
|K. K. Sharma<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Elets News |date=2016-02-03 |title=K K Sharma is new BSF DG |url=https://egov.eletsonline.com/2016/02/k-k-sharma-is-new-bsf-dg/ |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Elets eGov |language=en}}</ref>
|1 March 2016
|30 September 2018
|{{ayd|2016|03|01|2018|09|30}}
|-
|24.
|Rajni Kant Mishra<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2019-08-29 |title=Outgoing BSF chief Rajni Kant Mishra cancels farewell parade, visits due to security situation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/Aug/29/outgoing-bsf-chief-rajni-kant-mishra-cancels-farewell-parade-visits-due-to-security-situation-2026179.html |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|1 October 2018
|31 August 2019
|{{ayd|2018|10|01|2019|08|31}}
|-
|25.
|V. K. Johri<ref>{{Cite web |title=R&AW officer V.K. Johri appointed as new BSF DG |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/07/28/RAW-officer-V-K-Johri-appointed-as-new-BSF-DG.html |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>
|1 September 2019
|10 March 2020
|{{ayd|2019|09|01|2020|03|10}}
|-
|26.
|[[Surjeet Singh Deswal]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Sumit |date=2020-03-13 |title=Surjit Singh Deswal gets additional charge of BSF DG |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/surjit-singh-deswal-gets-additional-charge-of-bsf-dg/ |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=adda247 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|11 March 2020
|17 August 2020
|{{ayd|2020|03|11|2020|08|17}}
|-
|27.
|[[Rakesh Asthana]]<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2020-08-17 |title=Rakesh Asthana appointed DG, Border Security Force |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rakesh-asthana-appointed-dg-border-security-force/article32378127.ece |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|18 August 2020
|28 July 2021
|{{ayd|2020|08|18|2021|07|28}}
|-
|(26)
|[[Surjeet Singh Deswal]]
|28 July 2021
|31 August 2021
|{{ayd|2021|07|28|2021|08|31}}
|-
|28.
|[[Pankaj Kumar Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership Team - IPF |url=https://www.policefoundationindia.org/our-people/ipf-members/pankaj-singh |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.policefoundationindia.org}}</ref>
|1 September 2021
|31 December 2022
|{{ayd|2021|09|01|2022|12|31}}
|-
|29.
|Sujoy Lal Thaosen<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETGovernment.com |title=Centre assigns CRPF DG Sujoy Lal Thaosen additional charge as BSF chief - ET Government |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/centre-assigns-crpf-dg-sujoy-lal-thaosen-additional-charge-as-bsf-chief/96635572 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref>
|1 January 2023
|14 June 2023
|{{ayd|2023|01|01|2023|06|14}}
|-
|30.
|[[Nitin Agarwal (civil servant)|Nitin Agarwal]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranjan |first=Mukesh |date=2024-08-05 |title=‘BSF chief repatriated to home cadre due to differences with juniors’ |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Aug/05/bsf-chief-repatriated-to-home-cadre-due-to-differences-with-juniors |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|15 June 2023
|31 July 2024
|{{ayd|2023|06|15|2024|07|31}}
|-
|31.
|Daljit Singh Chaudhary<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-08-28 |title=New DGPs appointed for CISF and BSF |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-dgps-appointed-for-cisf-and-bsf/article68578116.ece |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|1 August 2024
|30 November 2025
|''{{ayd|2024|08|01|2025|11|30}}''
|-
|32.
|[[Praveen Kumar (police officer)|Praveen Kumar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITBP chief Praveen Kumar gets additional charge of BSF director general|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/itbp-chief-praveen-kumar-gets-additional-charge-of-bsf-director-general-101764312094619.html|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=28 November 2025|access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref>
|1 December 2025
|''Incumbent''
|''{{ayd|2025|12|01}}''
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Border guarding forces of India]]
[[Category:Central Armed Police Forces of India]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in India]]

13th National Film Awards

2026-01-20T21:01:29Z

ScarlettFlannaga: small changes

{{Short description|Indian ceremony celebrating cinema of 1965}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 13
| award = National Film Awards
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best of Indian cinema in 1965
| award_org = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]
| presenting_org =
| announced_date =
| presented_date =
| site =
| host =
| website = [http://dff.nic.in/ dff.nic.in]
| lifetime_achievement =
| best_feature = ''[[Chemmeen]]''
| best_non_feature =
| most_wins = ''[[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]]'' (3)
| last = 12th
| next = 14th
}}

The '''13th [[National Film Awards]]''', then known as '''State Awards for Films''', presented by [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India]] to felicitate the best of [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]] released in 1965.<ref name="13thaward">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/101_13thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=13th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725172334/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/101_13thNfacatalogue.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Starting with 13th National Film Awards, a new award was introduced at All India level, [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration|Best Feature Film on National Unity and Emotional Integration]] whose winner received a cash prize.

== Awards ==

Awards were divided into feature films and non-feature films.

President's gold medal for the All India Best Feature Film is now better known as [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]], whereas President's gold medal for the Best Documentary Film is analogous to today's [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film]]. For children's films, Prime Minister's gold medal is now given as [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]]. At the regional level, President's silver medal for Best Feature Film is now given as National Film Award for Best Feature Film in a particular language. Certificate of Merit in all the categories is discontinued over the years.

=== Feature films ===

Feature films were awarded at All India as well as regional level. For the 13th National Film Awards, a [[Bollywood|Hindi film]] ''[[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]]'' won the maximum number of awards (three). Following were the awards given:<ref name="13thaward"/>

==== All India Award ====

For 13th National Film Awards, none of the films were awarded from Children's Films category as no film was found to be suitable; instead Certificate of Merit is awarded. Following were the awards given in each category:<ref name="13thaward"/>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:35%;"|Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:19%;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:19%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|President's gold medal for the All India Best Feature Film]]
|rowspan="3"|''[[Chemmeen]]''
|rowspan="3"|[[Malayalam]]
|[[Film producer|Producer]]: Babu Ismail Settu
|rowspan="2"|Gold Medal and {{INR}}20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Producer: Kanmani Films
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[Film director|Director]]: [[Ramu Kariat]]
|{{INR}}5,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film|All India Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Atithi (1965 film)|Atithi]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|Producer: New Theaters Pvt Ltd.
|Certificate of Merit and {{INR}}10,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Tapan Sinha]]
|{{INR}}2,500
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Third Best Feature Film|All India Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Chhoti Chhoti Baten]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|Producer: Rajvanshi Productions
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit only
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal Rajvansh]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Best Story|All India Certificate of Merit for the Best Story Writer]]
|''[[Chhoti Chhoti Baten]]''
|Hindi
|Motilal Rajvansh
|rowspan="3"|Certificate of Merit only
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|''[[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]]''
|rowspan="2"|Hindi
|[[Batukeshwar Dutt|B. K. Dutt]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Din Dayal Sharma
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration|Best Feature Film on National Unity and Emotional Integration]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]]''
|rowspan="2"|Hindi
|Producer: Kewal Kashyap
|rowspan="2"|{{INR}}20,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: S. Ram Sharma
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="4"|[[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|All India Certificate of Merit for the Best Children's Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''The Adventure of A Sugar Doll''
|rowspan="2"|[[English language|English]]
|Producer: [[Children's Film Society, India|Children's Film Society]]
|Certificate of Merit and {{INR}}2,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Kantilal Rathod
|{{INR}}500
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|''As You Like It''
|rowspan="2"|English
|Producer: Children's Film Society
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit only
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: S. Shankar
|}

==== Regional Award ====

The awards were given to the best films made in the [[Languages of India|regional languages of India]]. For feature films in Gujarati and Punjabi, President's silver medal for Best Feature Film was not given, instead Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film was given.<ref name="13thaward"/>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:90%"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:37%"|Award
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:19%"|Film
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:34%"|Awardee(s)
|-
!scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;" | Producer
!scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;" | Director
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Cinema of West Bengal|Feature Films in Bengali]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film]]
|''[[Akash Kusum]]''
|Ranjit Basu
|[[Mrinal Sen]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film
|''[[Subarnarekha (film)|Subarnarekha]]''
|Radheshyam
|[[Ritwik Ghatak]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film
|'' Raja Rammohun''
|Aurora Films Corp Pvt Ltd.
|Bijoy Basu
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Gujarati cinema|Feature Films in Gujarati]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Best Feature Film in Gujarati|Certificate of Merit for the Best Feature Film]]
|''Kusumbi No Rang''
|Manoobhai N. Gadhvi
|G. K. Mehta
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Bollywood|Feature Films in Hindi]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film]]
|''[[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]]''
|Kewal Kashyap
|S. Ram Sharma
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film
|''[[Oonche Log (1965 film)|Oonche Log]]''
|M/S Chitrakala
|[[Phani Majumdar]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film
|''[[Guide (film)|Guide]]''
|[[Dev Anand]]
|[[Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)|Vijay Anand]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Cinema of Karnataka|Feature Films in Kannada]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film]]
|''[[Satya Harishchandra (1965 Kannada film)|Sathya Harishchandra]]''
|[[K. V. Reddy]]
|[[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film
|''[[Miss Leelavathi]]''
|K. S. Jagan Nath
|[[M. R. Vittal]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film
|rowspan="2"|''[[Maduve Madi Nodu]]''
|[[B. Nagi Reddy|Nagireddy]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[Aluri Chakrapani|Chakrapani]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Malayalam cinema|Feature Films in Malayalam]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film]]
|''[[Kavyamela]]''
|[[T. E. Vasudevan]]
|[[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film
|''[[Odayil Ninnu (film)|Odayil Ninnu]]''
|P. Ramaswamy
|[[K. S. Sethumadhavan]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film
|''[[Murappennu]]''
|K. Parameswaran Nair
|[[A. Vincent]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Marathi cinema|Feature Films in Marathi]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film]]
|''[[Sadhi Mansa (film)|Sadhi Mansa]]''
|Lilabai Bhalji Pendharkar
|[[Bhalji Pendharkar]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film
|''[[Nirmon]] ([[Konkani language|Konkani]])''
|[[Frank Fernand]]
|A. Salam
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film
|''Yuge Yuge Me Vaat Pahili''
|Babasaheb S. Fatehlal
|C. Vishwanath
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Cinema of Punjab|Feature Films in Punjabi]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi|Certificate of Merit for the Best Feature Film]]
|''Sassi Punnu''
|M/s. [[Filmistan]] Pvt. Ltd.
|S. P. Bakshi
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Tamil cinema|Feature Films in Tamil]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film]]
|''[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]''
|[[AVM Productions]]
|[[Krishnan–Panju]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film
|''[[Thiruvilayadal (1965 film)|Thiruvilayadal]]''
|Vijayalakshmi Pictures
|[[A. P. Nagarajan]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Feature Films in Telugu]]'''''
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film]]
|''[[Antastulu]]''
|[[V. B. Rajendra Prasad]]
|[[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film
|''[[Palnati Yudham (1966 film)|Palnati Yudham]]''
|Y. Lakshmaya Choudaray
|[[Gutha Ramineedu]]
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"
|Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film
|''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]''
|[[Adurthi Subba Rao]]
|[[Kotayya Pratyagatma|K. P. Atma]]
|}

=== Non-feature films ===

Non-feature film awards were given for the documentaries, educational films and film strips made in the country. For the 13th National Film Awards, no award was given in the filmstrip category and only Certificate of Merit was awarded for Educational Films. Following were the awards given for the non-feature films category:<ref name="13thaward"/>

==== Documentaries ====

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:40%;"|Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:15%;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:18%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|All India Certificate of Merit for the Best Documentary Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''Cloven Horizon''
|rowspan="2"|[[English language|English]]
|Producer: Kantilal Rathod
|Certificate of Merit and {{INR}}2,000
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Kantilal Rathod
|{{INR}}500
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|All India Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Documentary Film
|rowspan="2"|''Across India''
|rowspan="2"|English
|Producer: [[Films Division of India|Films Division]]
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit only
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Gopal Datt
|}

==== Educational films ====

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:40%;"|Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:15%;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:18%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film|All India Certificate of Merit for the Best Educational Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''Play Better Hockey''
|rowspan="2"|[[English language|English]]
|Producer: [[Children's Film Society, India|Children's Film Society]]
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit only
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Shanti S. Verma
|}

=== Awards not given ===

Following were the awards not given as no film was found to be suitable for the award:<ref name="13thaward"/>

{{colbegin}}
* [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Prime Minister's gold medal for the Best Children's Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|President's gold medal for the Best Documentary Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film|Prime Minister's gold medal for the Best Educational Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Assamese|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Assamese]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in English]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Oriya|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Oriya]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi|President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Punjabi]]
{{colend}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://dff.nic.in/Archive.aspx National Film Awards Archives]
* [https://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]

{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India) ceremonies]]
[[Category:1966 film awards|National Film Awards]]
[[Category:1966 in Indian cinema|National Film Awards]]

Opina Bhilar

2026-01-05T22:13:56Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New info

{{Short description|Indian kho kho player (born 2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Opinaben Devjibhai''' '''Bhilar''' (born 8 July 2001)<ref>https://kheloindia.gov.in/uploads/Final_Players_Pune_KIYG_2019.pdf Serial number 4037</ref> is an Indian kho kho player from [[Gujarat]]. She plays for the [[India women's national kho kho team]] as an allrounder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) - KKFI Official Website |url=https://khokhofederation.in/world-cup-team-matches/?id=2 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Kho Kho Federation |language=en-US}}</ref> She was part of the Indian women's team that won the inaugural [[Kho Kho World Cup]] held at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025.<ref name=":1" />

== Early life and education ==
Bhilar is from Biliamba village, [[Dang district, India|Dang district]], Gujarat. Her Devjibhai Bhilar is a farmer. After studying till Class 8 at Biliamba Primary School in her village, she moved to District Level Sports School, [[Tapi Assembly constituency|Tapi]] and trained under her first coach Sunil Mistry.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-20 |title=Gujarat farmer's daughter helps India clinch first Kho Kho World Cup title |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-farmers-daughter-helps-india-clinch-first-kho-kho-world-cup-title/articleshow/117394023.cms |access-date=2025-03-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bhilar represented Gujarat in four Senior National Kho Kho Championships and in 2023 Gujarat finished 7th at Delhi, where Bhilar was selected among the probables for the senior national camp.<ref name=":0" />

In 2018, she shifted to athletics, as she was good in sprints too, and joined the academy at [[Vadodara]]. During her short stint in athletics, she suffered an [[ACL injury]] in 2019 but she worked hard on rehab during the [[COVID-19]] lockdown and came back to kho kho in 2021.<ref name=":0" />

She was part of the Indian women's team that won the first [[Kho Kho World Cup]] at [[New Delhi]] in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-01-15 |title=Kho Kho World Cup: Indian women make history with 157-point rout of South Korea |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/kho-kho-world-cup-indian-women-make-history-with-157-point-rout-of-south-korea-1503386655.html |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Vivek |date=2025-01-09 |title=Waikar to lead Indian men's team in Kho Kho WC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/waikar-to-lead-indian-mens-team-in-kho-kho-wc/article69081262.ece |access-date=2025-03-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Indian team defeated [[South Korea]], [[IR Iran]] and [[Malaysia]] in the group stages, [[Bangladesh]] in quarterfinals and [[South Africa]] in semifinals. They defeated [[Nepal men's national kho kho team|Nepal]] 78–40 in the final.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Indian Women create history at Kho Kho World Cup 2025 with commanding victory over rivals Nepal to secure coveted trophy |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/indian-women-create-history-at-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-with-commanding-victory-over-rivals-nepal-to-secure-coveted-trophy/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Livemint |date=2025-01-19 |title=Indian women win first-ever Kho Kho World Cup 2025; PM Modi hails 'historic' victory {{!}} Mint |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/indian-women-win-first-ever-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-pm-modi-hails-historic-victory-11737302241435.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201155957/https://www.livemint.com/sports/indian-women-win-first-ever-kho-kho-world-cup-2025-pm-modi-hails-historic-victory-11737302241435.html |archive-date=1 February 2025 |access-date=2025-03-09 |work=mint |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhilar, Opina}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kho kho players]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Gujarat]]
[[Category:People from Dang district, India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Latika Thukral

2026-01-01T13:26:24Z

ScarlettFlannaga:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{short description|Indian banker (born 1967)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Latika Thukral
| image = Latika Thukral (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Thukral in 2015
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1967}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| other_names =
| known_for = a [[Nari Shakti Puraskar|Nari Shakti Award]] for founding #IamGurgaon
| education = University of Delhi
| employer = [[Citibank]]
| occupation = Banker, activist
| spouse =
| children = Two
| parents =
| relatives =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Latika Thukral''' (born {{circa|1967}}) is an Indian banker who is known for transforming her city, in particular [[Aravali Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon|Aravali Biodiversity Park]] in [[Gurgaon]]. Million native trees were planted by the group #IAmGurgaon. She was awarded the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar|Nari Shakti Award]] in 2015 by the President of India on [[International Women's Day]] from the Indian President [[Pranab Mukherjee]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=9 March 2017 |title=Nari Shakti Puraskar awardees full list |url=https://www.bestcurrentaffairs.com/nari-shakti-puruskar-awardees-full-list |accessdate=2020-04-18 |website=Best Current Affairs}}</ref>

==Early life & education==
Thukral was born in about 1967<ref name=dates>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20130318-shes-every-woman...-762673-2013-03-07|title=She's every woman...|date=7 March 2013|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> and she graduated in marketing from the [[University of Delhi]].

== Work ==
She worked for two years with ITC Hotels before beginning an 18-year career at [[Citibank]] where she rose to be a senior vice president.
[[file:Smt. Latika Thukral (Haryana) receives Nari Shakti Award from Presiden.jpg|thumb|left|Latika Thukral receives the Nari Shakti Award from the President]]
She came to notice when she became concerned at the city of [[Gurgaon]]. She had moved there in 1996 and the small town had grown, but it had grown without design or planning.<ref name=beyond>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beyondiversity.com/project/latika-thukral/|title=Latika Thukral|website=BD Foundation {{!}} Beyond Diversity|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028084202/https://www.beyondiversity.com/project/latika-thukral/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She lived in a middle class area but one park in continue caught her notice. She founded the campaign #IamGurgaon in 1999<ref name=dates/> and she attracted other volunteers. They decided to plant a million native trees in their city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/turning-the-city-green-a-million-trees-at-a-time/story-ODUJpCxR3WdvlAVsL2sfhL.html|title=Turning the city green, a million trees at a time|date=2019-03-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>

During the [[coronavirus]] outbreak in 2020, #IamGurgaon was highly involved with the task of supplying cooked food to the impoverished families of the city. Some areas were being helped by nearby condominiums. Thukra estimated in April that they would need to supply food for at least two months. It was estimated that it was going to cost 3,250 rupees per family, per month, and there were estimated to be fifteen to twenty thousands of families.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/gurugram-civic-body-identifies-250-slums-for-supply-of-essentials-number-six-times-initially-estimated/story-KoAa1vFORUQJxGfYfpHMAN.html |title=Gurugram civic body identifies 250 clusters for supply of essentials |date=2020-04-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>

== Awards ==
The [[Haryana Government]], on Republic Day in 2010 gave her an appreciation award. 'IamGurgaon' has been working with the local government and their projects had attracted support from corporate companies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latika Thukral |url=https://www.adventurenation.com/guru/Latika-Thukral-61 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717204614/https://www.adventurenation.com/guru/Latika-Thukral-61 |archive-date=17 July 2019 |access-date=2020-04-18 |website=Adventure Nation |language=en}}</ref>

She was awarded one of the first eight [[Nari Shakti Puraskar|Nari Shakti Award]]s for her leadership and achievement in 2015.<ref name="delhi">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2015 |title=Stree Shakti Puraskar and Nari Shakti Puraskar presented to 6 and 8 Indian women respectively |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/stree-shakti-puraskar-and-nari-shakti-puraskar-presented-to-6-and-8-indian-women-respectively-243468-2015-03-09 |access-date=2020-04-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The award was given on International Women's Day from the Indian President Pranab Mukherjee.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thukral, Latika}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Haryana]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women environmentalists]]
[[Category:Indian women bankers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Gurgaon]]

Delhi Public School, Mathura Road

2026-01-01T10:02:46Z

ScarlettFlannaga: cleanup formatting also and fixed typos for accuracy

{{pp-pc1|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Delhi Public School
| image =
| image_size =
| motto = Service Before Self
| established = 1949
| address = [[Mathura Road]], [[New Delhi]]-110003
| type = [[Private school]]
| chairman = [[V. K. Shunglu]]
| principal = Ram Singh<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dpsmathuraroad.org/about-us.php#principal-message|title=DPS Mathuraroad}}</ref>
| city = [[Delhi]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|35|49|N|77|14|33|E|type:edu_region:IN-DL|display=inline,title}}
| faculty =
| area = {{convert|25|acre|m2}}
| nickname = "Dipsites"
| colours = White, green, grey {{Color box|white|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|green|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|grey|border=darkgray}}
| affiliations = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]]
| website = {{url|dpsmathuraroad.org}}
}}

'''Delhi Public School''' situated on [[Mathura Road]] in [[New Delhi]], India, is a [[Private school|private]] [[Coeducation|co-educational]] [[Day school|day]] and [[boarding school]] with 6500+ students. It is run by the [[Delhi Public School Society]] and is a member of the [[Indian Public Schools' Conference]]. The school was founded in 1949 and was the first Delhi Public School. In 2019 the school completed its 70 years. The school's first principal was [[J. D. Tytler]] in 1949. The foundation stone of the school building was laid in 1956 by [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], the then [[Vice President of India]].

== History ==
{{Excerpt|J. D. Tytler|Career as educationist|subsections=yes}}

==Education system==
The school follows the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] system.

In 2007 it was rated as the third 'most respected secondary school' in India in a survey conducted by the [[IMRB International|Indian Market Research Bureau (IMRB)]] for the ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' newspaper.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Aug182007/national2007081819925.asp?section=scrollingnews Delhi Public School most respected school in India: Survey ''Deccan Herald'', 18 August 2007.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114061359/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Aug182007/national2007081819925.asp?section=scrollingnews |date=14 January 2008 }} accessed 14 October 2008</ref>

[[File:View_of_school_from_pt_ground_2013-08-14_21-31.jpg|thumbnail|School from PT ground]]

==Notable alumni==

===Arts and entertainment===


* [[Kabir Bedi]], actor<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://dpsmathuraroad.org/about-us.php |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=dpsmathuraroad.org}}</ref>
* [[Shibani Kashyap]], singer
* [[Hasleen Kaur]], Miss India, model and actress
* [[Vinod Khanna]], actor<ref>{{cite web |url=https://topyaps.com/delhi-public-school-facts/ |title=15 Facts About Delhi Public School You Did Not Know |website=topyaps.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410121704/http://topyaps.com/delhi-public-school-facts |archive-date=2015-04-10}} </ref>
* [[Radhika Madan]], actress
* [[Mini Mathur]], actress
* [[Shriya Saran]], actress
* [[Mallika Sherawat]], actress<ref>{{Cite web |title=I hate you, I hate you Mallika |url=https://tehelka.com/i-hate-you-i-hate-you-mallika/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=[[Tehelka]]}}</ref>

===Business===


*[[Anshu Jain]], CEO of [[Deutsche Bank]] (2012-2015)<ref name="Munzinger">{{cite web |title=Anshu Jain – Munzinger Biographie |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Anshu+Jain/0/25630.html |publisher=[[Munzinger-Archiv]] |access-date=13 August 2022 |date=17 November 2015 |archive-date=11 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411093903/http://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/anshu+jain/0/25630.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Naveen Jindal]], Jindal Group of Companies

===Writers and fashion===


* [[Anurag Anand]], author
* [[Rohit Bal]], fashion designer<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-11-03 |title=Rohit Bal, the Kashmir boy who strode to great heights in fashion, passes away |url=https://thekashmirimages.com/2024/11/03/rohit-bal-the-kashmir-boy-who-strode-to-great-heights-in-fashion-passes-away/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=[[Kashmir Images]] |language=en-US |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Anuja Chauhan]], writer

===National/political leaders===


* [[Montek Singh Ahluwalia]], Deputy Chairman of the Indian Planning Commission, Planning Commission chairman of the Y2K Action Force<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/computer/1999/mar/23y2k.htm |title=Rediff On The Net, Infotech: Govt units to spend adequately on Y2K compliance |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2012-03-22}}</ref>
* [[Salman Khurshid]], Union corporate affairs minister, politician, lawyer and writer <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tussle for owning DPS brand gets into a new phase,Salman Khurshid group launches DPS World Foundation |url=https://curriculum-magazine.com/tussle-for-owning-dps-brand-gets-into-a-new-phasesalman-khurshid-group-launches-dps-world-foundation/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Curriculum Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Raveesh Kumar]], IFS officer currently serving as the Indian Ambassador to Czech Republic. Formerly the Official Spokesperson for the Ministry of External Affairs.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

===Sports===


* [[Yuki Bhambri]], tennis player
* [[Ashok Gandotra]], cricketer
* [[Pawan Negi]], cricketer

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{url|dpsmathuraroad.org}} – Official website

{{Schools in Delhi}}
{{DPS Society aegis}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1949]]
[[Category:Schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Public School Society]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1950s establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Central Board of Secondary Education]]
[[Category:CBSE Delhi]]
[[Category:Private schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in Delhi]]
[[Category:Co-educational schools in India]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Day schools]]

B. S. Patil

2025-12-24T02:48:02Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Stub...

{{Short description|Indian Judge}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = B.S. Patil
| image =
| caption =
| office =[[Karnataka Lokayukta|Lokayukta of Karnataka]]
| term_start = 15 June 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|6|1|df=y}}<ref name="Lokayukta Karnataka">{{Cite web
|title = Shri B.S.Patil, Judicial Member
|url = https://lokayukta.karnataka.gov.in/biodata/bspj_boidata.pdf
|work = Karnataka Lokayukta
|access-date = 2025-08-03
}}</ref>
| birth_place = 
| alma_mater = 
| profession = Judge
| spouse = 
| children = 
| website = [https://lokayukta.karnataka.gov.in/biodata/bspj_boidata.pdf Official Biodata]
}}

'''Bhimanagouda Sanganagouda Patil''', simply known as '''B. S. Patil''' is an Indian jurist and former judge of the [[Karnataka High Court]] who currently serves as the Lokayukta of Karnataka.<ref name="thehindu2022">{{cite news |title=B.S. Patil is Karnataka's new Lokayukta |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bs-patil-is-karnatakas-new-lokayukta/article65526909.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=14 June 2022 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> He assumed office as Karnataka's Lokayukta on 15 June 2022, taking oath in Kannada at a formal ceremony held at the Glass House of Raj Bhavan, Bengaluru.<ref name="siasat2022">{{cite news |title=Karnataka: Justice B S Patil is the new Lokayukta |url=https://www.siasat.com/karnataka-justice-b-s-patil-is-the-new-lokayukta-2349239/ |work=Siasat Daily |date=15 June 2022 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

==Judicial career==
Patil was a judge of the Karnataka High Court for several years before his retirement, where he was recognized for his expertise in constitutional law and administrative jurisprudence. During his tenure on the High Court bench, he was known for his judicial acumen and commitment to upholding constitutional principles.<ref name="currentaffairs2022">{{cite news |title=B S Patil sworn in as Lokayukta of Karnataka |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/b-s-patil-sworn-in-as-lokayukta-of-karnataka/ |work=Current Affairs Adda247 |date=17 June 2022 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

Following his retirement from the Karnataka High Court, Patil was appointed as Upalokayukta (Deputy Lokayukta) of Karnataka in November 2019, marking his strategic entry into the state's anti-corruption institutional framework.<ref name="livelaw2019">{{cite news |title=PIL Challenges Appointment Of Karnataka Upa-Lokayukta Claiming There Was No Consultation With Chief Justice |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/pil-challenges-appointment-of-upa-lokayukta-150385 |work=Live Law |date=2 December 2019 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

==Appointment as Lokayukta==
The position of Karnataka Lokayukta had remained vacant for five months following the retirement of P. Vishwanath Shetty in January 2022, creating an institutional gap in the state's anti-corruption machinery.<ref name="deccan2022">{{cite news |title=Justice B S Patil takes oath as Karnataka Lokayukta |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/justice-b-s-patil-takes-oath-as-karnataka-lokayukta-1118309.html |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=15 June 2022 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai recommended Patil's appointment as Lokayukta following the constitutionally mandated consultation process with the Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court, the Chairman of the Legislative Council, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, and the Leader of the Opposition in the Assembly.<ref name="theprint2022">{{cite news |title=Justice Bhimanagouda Sanganagouda Patil appointed as Karnataka Lokayukta |url=https://theprint.in/india/justice-bhimanagouda-sanganagouda-patil-appointed-as-karnataka-lokayukta/996408/ |work=[[The Print]] |date=14 June 2022 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

The appointment was formally confirmed by Governor Thaawarchand Gehlot, who administered the oath of office in a ceremony attended by senior government officials and judicial personalities.<ref name="star2022">{{cite news |title=Former Karnataka HC Judge B.S. Patil takes charge as new Lokayukta |url=https://starofmysore.com/former-karnataka-hc-judge-b-s-patil-takes-charge-as-new-lokayukta/ |work=Star of Mysore |date=15 June 2022 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> The ceremony marked the restoration of Karnataka's apex anti-corruption institution after months of vacancy.

==Tenure as Lokayukta==
Patil immediately identified critical institutional weaknesses upon assuming office. In December 2023, he publicly disclosed that the Karnataka Lokayukta office was operating with 600 to 700 staff vacancies, representing a significant administrative challenge.<ref name="deccan2023">{{cite news |title=Have written to govt to fill vacant posts, says Karnataka Lokayukta Justice B S Patil |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/have-written-to-govt-to-fill-vacant-posts-says-karnataka-lokayukta-justice-b-s-patil-2814355 |work=Deccan Herald |date=16 December 2023 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> Despite these staffing constraints, he emphasized that the office's core functions—investigations, spot inspections, and grievance redressal—continued without disruption, demonstrating effective crisis management.

Patil has pioneered direct intervention in [[environmental governance]] issues, particularly focusing on Bengaluru's urban lake ecosystem. In August 2024, he conducted personal field inspections of multiple lakes in the city and issued direct orders to municipal officials for the removal of illegal encroachments.<ref name="deccan2024">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Lokayukta Justice B S Patil inspects lakes in Bengaluru, directs officials to remove encroachments |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/lokayukta-inspects-lakes-directs-officials-to-remove-encroachments-3157952 |work=Deccan Herald |date=20 August 2024 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> His office has become a focal point for environmental grievances, with numerous complaints about lake mismanagement and inadequate official responses to environmental violations.

Under Patil's leadership, the Lokayukta has maintained an aggressive stance against corruption in public utilities and government departments. In December 2024, he personally supervised raids on four strategic offices, including facilities operated by BESCOM (Bangalore Electricity Supply Company) and BWSSB (Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board) in the Yelahanka division, which uncovered significant administrative irregularities.<ref name="deccan2024raids">{{cite news |title=Lokayukta raids reveal irregularities in BESCOM, BWSSB offices |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/lokayukta-raids-reveal-irregularities-in-bescom-bwssb-offices-3325667 |work=Deccan Herald |date=19 December 2024 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

Patil has demonstrated zero tolerance for internal corruption within the Lokayukta system itself. In March 2024, shortly after assuming full operational control, he took decisive action by removing a chief engineer from active duties due to pending corruption cases, signaling his commitment to maintaining the highest standards of institutional integrity.<ref name="timesofindia2024">{{cite news |title=Days after appointment, Lokayukta shunts out chief engineer over pending cases |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/days-after-appointment-lokayukta-shunts-out-chief-engineer-over-pending-cases/articleshow/108792345.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 March 2024 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://www.karnataka.gov.in/lokayukta/ Official Karnataka Lokayukta website]
* [https://www.karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/ Karnataka High Court official records]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian judges]]
[[Category:Lokayuktas]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:1956 births]]

Fazal Deen

2025-12-15T06:40:59Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New - done

{{Short description|(1898-1963) hawker, battery-operator and entrepreneur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Australian English|date=October 2025}}
[[File:Fazal_1.jpg|thumb|Fazal Deen in 1922]]
'''Fazal Deen''' (19 June 1898 - 29 December 1963) was a Pakistani-Australian man who came to Australia initially as a migrant from [[British India]] when a young man. He spent much of his life in the [[Northern Territory]] where he worked as a hawker, battery-operator and entrepreneur and, later, moved to [[Brisbane]] where he ran and invested in numerous businesses.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Church |first=Judith |title=Fazal Deen (1898–1963) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/deen-fazal-9941 |access-date=2025-10-21 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Church |first=Judith |url=https://territorystories.nt.gov.au/10070/492231 |title=Northern Territory Dictionary of Biography |publisher=Charles Darwin University Press |year=2008 |isbn=9780980457810 |edition=Rev |location=Darwin |pages=140–141 |chapter=Fazal Deen (1898-1963)}}</ref>

In the 1940s, while visiting India, he was caught up in violence following the [[Partition of India]], in which his family lost much of their land and wealth. Following his return to Australia, he became a vocal advocate for Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />

== Early life ==
Deen was born at in the village of Mehron in the [[Moga district]] of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in [[India]] to Foth Deen and Umri (Umrbebe) Bebe from a [[Rajput clans|Rajput clan]]. His family were [[Muslims|Muslim]] and this faith would be important to him throughout his life.<ref name=":0" />

At 16 or 17 Deen married Burkit Bebe and the pair would have six children together; two daughters and four sons.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02" />

In 1922 Deen left his wife and their family to immigrate to Australia where he initially based himself [[Blackall, Queensland]] which is where his father was already living. Together he and his father worked as hawkers, travelling salesmen, who sold a variety of goods, including jewellery sourced from India, throughout Central Queensland. They sold their goods from a [[Bedford truck]] which had been fitted with external shelves and drawers to best display them.<ref name=":0" />

== Life in the Northern Territory ==
In 1922 Deen and his father moved to [[Tennant Creek]], in the [[Northern Territory]], initially still as hawkers with their truck. However, soon after, Deen established a general store catering primarily to the gold miners who were flooding the region who he offered extended credit to often in return for a portion of their profits (this was referred to as 'grubstaking').<ref name=":02" /> The following year, in 1923, he built a battery, known as 'Fasal Deens Battery' nearby to treat gold and, because of its success, was able to enlarge it over the following years.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Timothy |title=Pegging the Northern Territory : the history of mining in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1873-1946 |publisher=Northern Territory Government |year=1987 |isbn=0724507566 |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1935 and 1936 the plant processed {{Convert|54|kg|oz}} of gold from {{Convert|3630|t|lb}} or ore for a total value of £13,375. At the battery Deen attracted criticism from the people working for him for paying a portion of their wages as credits only for goods at his store.<ref name=":0" /> Because of this the resignation rate at the battery was high.<ref name=":02" />

In the 1930s, in addition to also getting involved in various mining ventures directly himself, Deen also leased a bore near to the battery and would charge passing drovers and pastoralists for watering their stock there.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 July 1935 |title=Scarcity of water denied |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article128415804 |accessdate=22 October 2025 |newspaper=[[The News (Adelaide)]] |location=South Australia |page=14 |via=National Library of Australia |volume=XXV |issue=3,741}}</ref> On the same land he also ran over 500 goats as well as smaller numbers of cattle and horses and used [[Halal]] butchering practices.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02" /><ref>{{cite news |date=31 May 1938 |title=Indian Hawker's Success on Tennant's Creek Field |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article34971291 |accessdate=22 October 2025 |newspaper=[[Western Argus]] |location=Western Australia |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia |volume=34 |issue=2497}}</ref>

In 1936 four of Deens sons - Jagir, Wazir, Noor and Nasib (Tom), joined him in Tennant Creek and they lived together in a large house where Deen was known for entertaining and cooking for many guests.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02" /> Jagir would return to India in 1938 and Wazir married Eunice, who was employed as the battery's bookkeeper.<ref name=":02" />

Shortly after the onset of [[World War II]], in around 1939, the battery was shut down and its engines removed for the war effort.<ref name=":0" />

== Later life ==
In 1944, suffering ill health following being diagnosed with [[diabetes]], Deen moved to [[Brisbane]] in [[Queensland]] where he bought and managed cafes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02" />

In 1948 Deen made a return journey to [[India]] alongside Nasib (Tom) who was to get married there.<ref name=":02" /> Here, because of violence caused by the impacts of the [[Partition of India]] and because his presence as a Muslim man in a Hindu village, he was forced to hide in a cellar to remain safe. He hid there for a month before he was able to be taken to a refugee camp and, later, to [[Pakistan]] where many of his family, including his wife now were.<ref name=":0" /> Because of this conflict many of Deen's extended family lost much of their wealth, including ancestral land, although they did receive some monetary compensation.<ref name=":02" />

In 1949 he was able to return to Australia, now with his wife, and they lived together in [[Wynnum, Queensland|Wynnum]]. There Deen continued to operate various businesses and invest in property while also becoming a sought after interpreter for the government and an unofficial representative of Pakistan.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |date=11 October 1950 |title=Pakistan's high Commissioner heartily welcomed to South Coast |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article225630630 |accessdate=22 October 2025 |newspaper=[[South Coast Bulletin]] |location=Queensland, Australia |page=13 |via=National Library of Australia |volume= |issue=1164}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=10 February 1933 |title=Pataudi at Mohammedan banquet |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article197922476 |accessdate=22 October 2025 |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Brisbane)]] |location=Queensland, Australia |page=1 (LATE CITY) |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

He died on 29 December 1963.<ref name=":0" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deen, Fazal}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:Australian Muslims]]
[[Category:Australian people of Pakistani descent]]
[[Category:Emigrants from British India to Australia]]
[[Category:People from the Northern Territory]]

Howrah–Gaya Vande Bharat Express

2025-12-07T04:02:34Z

ScarlettFlannaga:

{{Italic title}}{{short description|Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = FF7220
| name = Howrah Junction – Gaya Junction ''Vande Bharat Express''
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| logo_width =
| image =
| image_width = 300px
| image_alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]
| locale = [[West Bengal]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Bihar]]
| first = {{start date|2024|09|15|df=y}} (Inaugural) {{start date and age|18 September 2024}} (Commercial)
| last =
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railways (ER)]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Howrah Junction}} '''(HWH)'''
| stops = 05
| end = {{stnlnk|Gaya Junction}} '''(GAYA)'''
| distance = {{convert|459|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 05 hrs 40 mins
| frequency = Six days a week {{efn|Except Thursdays}}
| trainnumber = 22303 / 22304
| line_used = [[Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line|Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line (till Gaya Junction)]]
| class = AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car
| seating = {{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = On board Catering
| observation = Large windows in all coaches
| entertainment = {{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}
| baggage = Overhead racks
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
| stock = [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|Vande Bharat 2.0]]
| gauge = [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]] {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| el =
| speed = {{cvt|81|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)
| trainlength = {{convert|384|m|ft}} (16 coaches)
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]
| maintenance = [[Eastern Railway zone|Howrah Jn (HWH)]]
| map = {{Howrah – Gaya VB Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line
}}
The 22303/22304 '''Howrah - Gaya ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 59th [[Vande Bharat Express|Vande Bharat Express train]], connecting the metropolitan and twin city of [[Kolkata]], [[Howrah]] in [[West Bengal]] with the religious city of [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=Bihar welcomes four more Vande Bharat Express trains, routes include Patna-Tatanagar and Bhagalpur-Howrah – Check list |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-bihar-welcomes-four-more-vande-bharat-express-trains-routes-include-patna-tatanagar-and-bhagalpur-howrah-check-list-3611485/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

This express train was inaugurated on September 15 2024, by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] via [[Videotelephony|video conferencing]] from the capital city of [[Ranchi]] instead of physically inaugurating at [[Tatanagar Junction railway station|Tatanagar Junction]] in [[Jharkhand]] due to continuous rains in Jamshedpur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Athrady |first=Ajith |title=PM Modi flags off six Vande Bharat Express trains in poll-bound Jharkhand |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/jharkhand/pm-modi-flags-off-six-vande-bharat-express-trains-in-poll-bound-jharkhand-3191585 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2024 |title=PM's Jamshedpur Visit Canceled Due to Rain, Will Inaugurate Online from Ranchi |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/story-pm-s-visit-to-jamshedpur-canceled-due-to-heavy-rain-online-inauguration-planned-201726376249295.html |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=Live Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-15 |title=PM Modi flags off six Vande Bharat trains at Jharkhand's Tatanagar |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/pm-modi-flags-off-six-vande-bharat-trains-at-jharkhands-tatanagar/articleshow/113361896.cms?UTM_Source=Google_Newsstand&UTM_Campaign=RSS_Feed&UTM_Medium=Referral |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=PM Modi to flag off six Vande Bharat Express trains in poll-bound Jharkhand |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/jharkhand/pm-modi-to-flag-off-six-vande-bharat-express-trains-in-poll-bound-jharkhand-3191357 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=PM Modi to flag off six new Vande Bharat Express trains during Jharkhand visit today – Full list of routes here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-pm-modi-to-flag-off-six-new-vande-bharat-express-trains-during-jharkhand-visit-today-full-list-of-routes-here-3611206/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=Town |date=2024-09-12 |title=Tatanagar Station Awaits PM Modi to Flag Off 6 Vande Bharat Trains |url=https://townpost.in/2024/09/12/tatanagar-station-awaits-pm-modi-to-flag-off-6-vande-bharat-trains/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Town Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-09-12 |title=রাজ্যবাসীর জন্য সুখবর! শীঘ্রই দুই জোড়া বন্দে ভারত পাচ্ছে হাওড়া - Howrah Gaya Vande Bharat |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!state/howrah-gaya-vande-bharat-train-to-begin-journey-from-howrah-west-bengal-news-wbs24091205426 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=गया-हावड़ा, पटना-टाटा और वाराणसी-देवघर के बीच चलेंगी नई वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस ट्रेनें, 15 सितंबर को शुभारंभ - New Vande Bharat Express trains will run between Gaya Howrah Patna Tata and Varanasi Deoghar |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/gaya-new-vande-bharat-express-trains-will-run-between-gaya-howrah-patna-tata-and-varanasi-deoghar-23795319.html |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== Overview ==
This train is currently operated by [[Indian Railways]], connecting [[Howrah Junction railway station|Howrah Jn]], [[Durgapur railway station|Durgapur]], [[Asansol Junction railway station|Asansol Jn]], [[Dhanbad Junction railway station|Dhanbad Jn]], [[Parasnath railway station|Parasnath]], [[Koderma Junction railway station|Koderma Jn]] and [[Gaya Junction railway station|Gaya Jn]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aniket |title=22303/Howrah - Gaya Vande Bharat Express - Howrah to Gaya ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/howrah-gaya-vande-bharat-express-22303/235475/1/1388 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> It is currently operated with train numbers 22303/22304 on 6 days a week basis.

==Rakes==
It is the fifty-sixth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|2nd Generation '''Vande Bharat Express train''']] which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Service ==
The 22303/22304 Howrah - Gaya Vande Bharat Express currently operates '''6 days''' a week, covering a distance of {{cvt|458|km}} in a travel time of 05 hrs 40 mins with average speed of {{Cvt|81|km/h}}. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) is {{cvt|130|km/h}}.

== See also ==

* [[Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Tejas Express]]
* [[Gatiman Express]]
* [[Howrah Junction railway station]]
* [[Gaya Junction railway station]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Vande Bharat Express}}

[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]
[[Category:Transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Howrah]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Transport in Gaya, India]]

Producers Guild Film Awards

2025-11-25T07:09:00Z

ScarlettFlannaga: rework details per standard format per sources

{{Short description|Indian film and television accolade}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Producers Guild Film & Television Awards
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| producer = Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| awarded_for = Excellence in [[Hindi film]] and television by members of the Producers Guild
| presenter =
| country = India
| year = 2004
| year2 = 2016
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony TV]] [[Imagine TV]] [[Colors (TV channel)|Colors]] [[Star Plus]]
| website = [http://producersguildindia.com/Home/GuildAnnualAward Producers Guild Film Awards]
}}

[[File:SRK_award.jpg | thumb | right | [[Shahrukh Khan]] receiving the award for best actor in 2011]]
The '''Producers Guild Film Awards''', previously known as the '''Apsara Awards''' and the '''[[StarPlus|Star]] Guild Awards''' is an award event hosted by the Producers Guild of India to recognise excellence in [[Hindi film]] and [[Television in India|television]].<ref name="Apsara">{{cite web|title=Apsara Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/awards/apsara_award/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118222746/http://bollywoodhungama.com/awards/apsara_award/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2008|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref> Originated by filmmaker and scholar [[Amit Khanna]] in 2004,<ref>{{cite web|title=Yash Johar speaks on the Apsara Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2004/5/10/471/index.html|author=IndiaFM News Bureau|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=10 May 2004|access-date=28 January 2011}}{{dead link|date=July 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> the Guild Awards were one of the major award events from 2004 till 2016, when the last awards ceremony happened.<ref name="Major event">{{cite web|title=The coming of the Apsaras|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/2005-lowest-openers-in-u-k/|author=IndiaFM News Bureau|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=7 December 2005|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref> The 22-[[Carat (purity)|karat]] gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the [[jewellery]] brand [[Tanishq]] and was "inspired by the rich heritage of one of India's most treasured possessions – the [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] and [[Ellora Caves]]."<ref name="Apsara"/> Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild, with the full membership (around 160) available to vote for the winners.<ref name="Major event"/> The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

==History==
The first ceremony was held on 28 May 2004 in Mumbai, India to honour outstanding film and television achievements of the 2003–04 film and television season.<ref name="1st Apsara">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040531/nation.htm#11|title='Koi Mil Gaya' bags top honours|access-date=28 January 2011|author=United News of India|author-link=United News of India|date=30 May 2004|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> While the award ceremonies are usually held at the beginning of the subsequent year, the fourth edition of the award ceremony (2008–09) was postponed to the end of the year as a sign of respect to the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|victims of the 2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref name="4th Apsara">{{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20090119786&Keyword=bollywood&|title=Priyanka Chopra bags best actress at Apsara Awards|access-date=28 January 2011|author=Indo-Asian News Service|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service|date=5 December 2009|work=[[NDTV]]|publisher=Prannoy Roy Publications}}</ref>

==List of nominees and winners==
*For the year 2003, held in 2004 – Nominees{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}} and Winners<ref name="1st Apsara"/>
*For the year 2004, held in 2005 – ''Not held''
*For the year 2005, held in 2006 – Nominees<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 2nd Apsara Awards 2005|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2006/01/03/924/index.html|author=IndiaFM News Bureau|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 January 2006|access-date=28 January 2011}}{{dead link|date=July 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and Winners<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of 2nd Apsara Awards 2005|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2006/01/22/974/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614000730/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2006/01/22/974/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 June 2009|author=IndiaFM News Bureau|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=22 January 2006|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref>
*For the year 2006, held in 2007 – ''Not held''
*For the year 2007, held in 2008 – Nominees<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 3rd Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/03/14/3674/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502173122/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/03/14/3674/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2008|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=14 March 2008|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref> and Winners<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of 3rd Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/04/01/3724/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502173127/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/04/01/3724/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2008|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=1 April 2008|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref>
*For the year 2008, held in 2009 – Nominees<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 4th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-of-4th-apsara-film-television-producers-guild-awards|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=23 November 2009|access-date=2 May 2025}}</ref> and Winners<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners for 4th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-4th-apsara-film-television-producers-guild-awards/|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=5 December 2009|access-date=2 May 2025}}</ref>
*For the year 2009, held in 2010 – Nominees<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 5th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/12/15/5838/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120203043/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/12/15/5838/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2010|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=15 December 2009|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref> and Winners<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of 5th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2010/01/08/5831/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111033724/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2010/01/08/5831/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2010|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=8 January 2010|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref>
*For the year 2010, held in 2011 – Nominees<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 6th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/06/6994/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109145038/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/06/6994/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 January 2011|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=6 January 2011|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref> and Winners<ref name="6th Apsara"/>
*For the year 2011, held in 2012 – Nominees and Winners<ref>{{cite web|title=Apsara Awards 2012 Winners|url=http://www.filmicafe.com/news_detail.php?news_id=22341|author=Filmicafe.com|work=Filmicafe|date=25 January 2012|access-date=25 January 2012}}</ref>
*For the year 2012, held in 2013 – Nominees and Winners
*For the year 2013, held in 2014 – Nominees and Winners<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/6028|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117182833/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/6028|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2014|title=Nominations for 9th Renault Star Guild Awards – Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|date=15 January 2014|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/2358464/Salman+to+host+Producer%27s+Guild+awards|title=Latest Bollywood News – Hindi Movie News – Hindi Cinema News – Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}{{dead link|date=July 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
*For the year 2014, held in 2015 – Nominees and Winners<ref>{{cite news|title=Photos: Top Bollywood celebs at Star Guild Awards 2015|url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/photos-top-bollywood-celebs-at-star-guild-awards-2015/8399|issue=Mid.day.com|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref>
*For the year 2015, held in 2016 – Nominees and Winners<ref>{{cite news|title=Winners of 11th Renault Sony Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9455|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223143419/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/9455|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 December 2015}}</ref>

==Hosts==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Host
|-
| 2008 || [[Javed Jaffrey]]
|-
| 2010 || [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] and [[Preity Zinta]]
|-
| 2011 || [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]]
|-
| 2012 || [[Karan Johar]] and [[Farah Khan]]
|-
| 2013 ||rowspan="2"|[[Salman Khan]]<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2014 |title=Salman Khan helps Sunny Leone drape a saree |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/star-guild-awards-salman-khan-sunny-leone-drape-a-saree-178171-2014-01-24 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2014 |title=Live coverage of Star Guild Awards 2014 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/star-guild-awards-2014-live-coverage-bollywood-shahid-kapoor-amitabh-bachchan-sonakshi-sinha-177179-2014-01-16 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
|-
| 2015 || [[Kapil Sharma (comedian)|Kapil Sharma]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]]
|}

==Film awards==
===Merit awards===
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role|Best Actor in a Negative Role]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Actor in a Comic Role]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Music Director|Music Director]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]

===Technical awards===
===Best Story===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2006 || [[Nagesh Kukunoor]] || ''[[Iqbal (2005 film)|Iqbal]]''
|-
| 2008 || [[Jaideep Sahni]] || ''[[Chak De India]]''
|-
| 2009 || [[Amole Gupte]] || ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]''
|-
| 2010 || [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] || ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
|-
| 2011 || [[Anusha Rizvi]] || [[Peepli Live|''Peepli Live'']]
|-
| 2012 || [[Zoya Akhtar]], [[Reema Kagti]] || ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''
|-
| 2013 || [[Juhi Chaturvedi]] || ''[[Vicky Donor]]''
|-
| 2014 || [[Prasoon Joshi]] || ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
|-
| 2015 || [[Vikas Bahl]], Chaitally Parmar, Parveez Shaikh || ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]''
|-
| 2016 || [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] || ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]''
|}

===Best Screenplay===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2004 ||[[Rajkumar Hirani]], [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]], Lajan Joseph || [[Munnabhai MBBS|''Munnabhai MBBS'']]
|-
| 2006 || [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Prakash Kapadia]], [[Bhavani Iyer]]|| [[Black (2005 film)|''Black'']]
|-
| 2008 || [[Jaideep Sahni]] || [[Chak De India|''Chak De India'']]
|-
| 2009 || [[Amole Gupte]] (tied with) [[Neeraj Pandey]]|| ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'' (tied with) ''[[A Wednesday!]]''
|-
| 2010 ||[[A. R. Murugadoss]] || [[Ghajini (2008 film)|''Ghajini'']]
|-
| 2011 || [[Rajat Arora]] || [[Once Upon a Time in Mumbai|''Once Upon a Time in Mumbai'']]
|-
| 2012 || [[Zoya Akhtar]], [[Reema Kagti]] || [[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara|''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'']]
|-
| 2013 || [[Sujoy Ghosh]] ||''[[Kahaani]]''
|-
| 2014 || [[Prasoon Joshi]] || [[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag|''Bhaag Milkha Bhaag'']]
|-
| 2015 || [[Vikas Bahl]], Chaitally Parmar, Parveez Shaikh || [[Queen (2014 film)|''Queen'']]
|-
| 2016 || [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] ||[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan|''Bajrangi Bhaijaan'']]
|}

===Best Dialogues===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2006 || [[Aditya Chopra]] || [[Veer Zaara|''Veer Zaara'']]
|-
| 2008 || [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] || [[Jab We Met|''Jab We Met'']]
|-
| 2009 || [[Neeraj Pandey]] || [[A Wednesday!|''A Wednesday!'']]
|-
| 2010 || [[Anurag Kashyap]] || [[Dev D|''Dev D'']]
|-
| 2011 || [[Abhinav Kashyap]], Dilip Shukla || ''[[Dabangg]]''
|-
| 2012 || [[Rajat Arora]] || [[The Dirty Picture|''The Dirty Picture'']]
|-
| 2013 || [[Juhi Chaturvedi]] || [[Vicky Donor|''Vicky Donor'']]
|-
| 2014 || [[Hussain Dalal]] || [[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani|''Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani'']]
|-
| 2015 || [[Rajkumar Hirani]], [[Abhijat Joshi]] || [[PK (film)|''PK'']]
|-
| 2016 || [[Prakash Kapadia]]|| [[Bajirao Mastani|''Bajirao Mastani'']]
|}

===Best Editing===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2004 || [[Rajkumar Hirani]] ||[[Munnabhai MBBS|''Munnabhai MBBS'']]
|-
| 2006 || Nipun Gupta || [[Sarkar (2005 film)|''Sarkar'']]
|-
| 2008 || [[Amitabh Shukla]] || [[Chak De India|''Chak De India'']]
|-
| 2009 || Shri Narayan Singh || [[A Wednesday!|''A Wednesday!'']]
|-
| 2011 || [[Namrata Rao]] || [[Band Baaja Baaraat|''Band Baaja Baaraat'']]
|-
| 2012 || [[Aarti Bajaj]] || [[No One Killed Jessica|''No One Killed Jessica'']]
|-
| 2013 || [[Namrata Rao]] ||''[[Kahaani]]''
|-
| 2014 ||Chandrashekhar Prajapati ||[[Madras Cafe|''Madras Cafe'']]
|-
| 2015 || [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Abhijit Kokate]] ||[[Queen (2014 film)|''Queen'']]
|}

===Best Cinematographer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2004 || [[Anil Mehta]] || [[Kal Ho Naa Ho|''Kal Ho Naa Ho'']]
|-
| 2006 || [[Ravi K. Chandran]] || [[Black (2005 film)|''Black'']]
|-
| 2008 ||[[Rajiv Menon]] || [[Guru (2007 film)|''Guru'']]
|-
| 2009 || Kiran Deohans || [[Jodhaa Akbar|''Jodhaa Akbar'']]
|-
| 2011 ||[[Sudeep Chatterjee]] (tied with) [[Santosh Sivan]] and [[V. Manikandan]] || ''[[Guzaarish (2010 film)|Guzaarish]]'' (tied with) ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]''
|-
| 2012 ||Ranjan Palit (tied with) [[Chirantan Das]]|| ''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]'' (tied with) ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]''
|-
| 2013 || [[Rajeev Ravi]] (tied with) [[Ravi Varman]] || ''[[Gangs of Wasseypur]]'' (tied with) ''[[Barfi!]]''
|-
| 2014 || [[Binod Pradhan]] || [[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag|''Bhaag Milkha Bhaag'']]
|-
| 2015 || [[Sethu Sriram|Setu]]|| [[Dedh Ishqiya|''Dedh Ishqiya'']]
|-
| 2016 || [[Sudeep Chatterjee]] || [[Bajirao Mastani|''Bajirao Mastani'']]
|}

===Best Costume Design===
{{Main|Producers Guild Film Award for Best Costume Design}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2004 || Muneesh Sappel || [[Pinjar (2003 film)|''Pinjar'']]
|-
| 2006 || [[Subarna Ray Chaudhuri]] || [[Parineeta (2005 film)|''Parineeta'']]
|-
| 2008 || [[Manish Malhotra]], [[Karan Johar]], Sanjeev Mulchandani || [[Om Shanti Om|''Om Shanti Om'']]
|-
| 2009 || [[Neeta Lulla]] || [[Jodhaa Akbar|''Jodhaa Akbar'']]
|-
| 2011 || [[Niharika Khan]] || [[Band Baaja Baaraat|''Band Baaja Baaraat'']]
|-
| 2012 || Payal Saluja || [[7 Khoon Maaf|''7 Khoon Maaf'']]
|-
| 2013 || [[Aki Narula]] Shefalina || ''[[Barfi!]]''
|-
| 2014 || [[Anju Modi]], [[Maxima Basu]] || [[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela|''Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela'']]
|-
| 2015 || Payal Saluja (tied with) Isha Mantry, Rajat K. Tangry || ''[[Dedh Ishqiya]]'' (tied with) ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''
|-
| 2016 || Anju Modi, Maxima Basu || [[Bajirao Mastani|''Bajirao Mastani'']]
|}

===Best Art Direction===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2004 || Muneesh Sappel ||[[Pinjar (2003 film)|''Pinjar'']]
|-
| 2006 || [[Omung Kumar]] || [[Black (2005 film)|''Black'']]
|-
| 2009 || [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]] || [[Jodhaa Akbar|''Jodhaa Akbar'']]
|-
| 2011 || Sonal Chaudhary T. B. Abid || [[Band Baaja Baaraat|''Band Baaja Baaraat'']]
|-
| 2012 || Subrata Chakravarthy Punita Grover || [[7 Khoon Maaf|''7 Khoon Maaf'']]
|-
| 2013 || [[Sharmishta Roy]] || [[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within|''Talaash: The Answer Lies Within'']]
|-
| 2014 || Rashid Khan ||[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela|''Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela'']]
|-
| 2015 || Amit Ray Subrata Chakravarthy || [[Dedh Ishqiya|''Dedh Ishqiya'']]
|-
| 2016 || Sujeet Sawant Shriram Iyengar Saloni Dhatrak || [[Bajirao Mastani|''Bajirao Mastani'']]
|}

===Best Choreography===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Song || Film
|-
| 2006 || [[Vaibhavi Merchant]] || "[[Kajra Re]]" || [[Bunty Aur Babli|''Bunty Aur Babli'']]
|-
| 2008 || [[Farah Khan]] || "Dhoom Tana" || [[Om Shanti Om|''Om Shanti Om'']]
|-
| 2009 || [[Chinni Prakash]] Rekha Prakash || "Azeem us Shaan" || [[Jodhaa Akbar|''Jodhaa Akbar'']]
|-
| 2010 || [[Shiamak Davar]] || "Dance Pe Chance" || [[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi|''Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi'']]
|-
| 2011 || [[Farah Khan]] || "[[Sheila Ki Jawani]]" || [[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|''Tees Maar Khan'']]
|-
| 2012 || [[Bosco-Caesar]] || "[[Señorita (Farhan Akhtar, Hrithik Roshan, Abhay Deol and Maria del Mar Fernández song)|Senorita]]" || [[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara|''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'']]
|-
| 2013 || [[Ganesh Acharya]] || "[[Chikni Chameli]]" || [[Agneepath (2012 film)|''Agneepath'']]
|-
| 2014 || [[Remo D'Souza]] || "[[Badtameez Dil]]" "[[Balam Pichkari]]" || [[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani|''Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani'']]
|-
| 2015 || [[Bosco-Caesar]] || "Tu Meri" || [[Bang Bang!|''Bang Bang!'']]
|-
| 2016 || [[Remo D'Souza]] || "Pinga" || [[Bajirao Mastani|''Bajirao Mastani'']]
|}

===Best Special Effects===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2004 || Bimmini Special Effects Studio Digital Art Media || [[Koi Mil Gaya|''Koi Mil Gaya'']]
|-
| 2006 || V. G. Samant || [[Hanuman (2005 film)|''Hanuman'']]
|-
| 2008 || [[Red Chillies VFX]] || [[Om Shanti Om|''Om Shanti Om'']]
|-
| 2011 || [[Prime Focus]]|| [[Guzaarish (2010 film)|''Guzaarish'']]
|-
| 2012 || [[Red Chillies VFX]] || [[RA. One|''RA. One'']]
|-
| 2013 || [[Tata Elxsi]]|| [[Ek Tha Tiger|''Ek Tha Tiger'']]
|-
| 2014 || Tata Elxsi (tied with) [[Red Chillies VFX]] || ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' (tied with) ''[[Krrish 3]]''
|-
| 2015 || [[Red Chillies VFX]] || [[Happy New Year (2014 film)|''Happy New Year'']]
|-
| 2016 || Viral Thakkar || [[Bajirao Mastani|''Bajirao Mastani'']]
|}

===Best Sound Recording===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2004 || [[Dwarak Warrier]]||[[Bhoot (2003 film)|''Bhoot'']]
|-
| 2006 || [[Resul Pookutty]]|| [[Black (2005 film)|''Black'']]
|-
| 2009 || Baylon Fonensca || [[Rock On!!|''Rock On!!'']]
|-
| 2011 || [[Pritam Das]] || [[Love Sex Aur Dhokha|''Love Sex Aur Dhokha'']]
|}

==Special awards==
===Lifetime Achievement===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Winners
|-
| 2004 || [[Dilip Kumar]]
|-
| 2006 || [[B. R. Chopra]] [[Dev Anand]]
|-
| 2008 || [[Yash Chopra]]
|-
| 2010 || [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
|-
| 2011 || [[Dharmendra]]
|-
| 2013 || [[Manoj Kumar]]
|-
| 2014 || [[Salim Khan]] [[Tanuja]]
|-
| 2015 || [[Rakesh Roshan]]
|-
| 2016 || [[Jeetendra]]
|}

===Entertainer of the Year===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Film
|-
| 2008 || [[Akshay Kumar]] || ''[[Namastey London]] [[Heyy Babyy]] [[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]] [[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]''
|-
| 2010 || [[Ranbir Kapoor]] || ''[[Wake Up Sid]] [[Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani]] [[Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year]]''
|-
| 2011 || [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] [[Katrina Kaif]] ||''[[My Name Is Khan]] [[Raajneeti]] [[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''
|-
| 2012 || [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] [[Priyanka Chopra]] || ''[[Ra.One]] [[Don 2]] [[7 Khoon Maaf]]''
|-
| 2013 || [[Priyanka Chopra]] || ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]] [[Barfi!]]''
|-
| 2014 || [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] [[Irrfan Khan]] || ''[[Chennai Express]] [[The Lunch Box]]''
|-
| 2015 || [[Deepika Padukone]] [[Shraddha Kapoor]] ||''[[Finding Fanny]] [[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]] [[Ek Villain]] [[Haider (film)|Haider]] [[Ungli]]''
|}

===Jodi of the Year===
*Jodi of the Year: [[Salman Khan]] and [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] (2008)
*Style Icon / Diva of the Year: [[Hrithik Roshan]] and Katrina Kaif (2008)
*Heartthrob of the Year: [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] (2010)
*During the sixth edition of the award ceremony, four separate awards were also given to honour the films and performances of December 2009; this included: [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] winning the ''Best Film'' for ''[[3 Idiots]]'', [[Rajkumar Hirani]] for his direction of ''3 Idiots'', as well as [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Vidya Balan]] for their performances in ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''.<ref name="6th Apsara">{{cite web|title=Winners of 6th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/11/7008/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114070754/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/11/7008/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2011|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=11 January 2011|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref>
*Cinematic Excellence: [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Aishwarya Rai]] (2011)
*Guild Hall of Fame: ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'', ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'', ''[[Chennai Express]]'', ''[[Dhoom 3]]'', ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'', ''[[Grand Masti]]'', ''[[Krrish 3]]'', ''[[Race 2]]'' and ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' (2014)

==Television==
===Merit awards===
===Best Drama Series – Fiction===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Series || Producers/Production
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Jassi Jaisi Koi Nahin]]'' || [[DJ's a Creative Unit]]
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]'' || Ananda Films and Telecommunications Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' || [[Sphere Origins]]
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]]'' || Pearl Grey
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Saath Nibhana Saathiya]]'' (tied with) ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' || Rashmi Sharma (tied with) [[Balaji Telefilms]]
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' (tied with) ''[[Madhubala Ek Ishq Ek Junoon]]'' || [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]] (tied with) [[Abhinav Shukla]]
|}

===Best Director – Fiction===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Series
|-
| 2004 || Rohit Khanna || ''[[Jassi Jaisi Koi Nahin]]''
|-
| 2006 || [[Deven Bhojani]] || ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]''
|-
| 2010 || Nandita Mehra || ''[[Uttaran]]''
|-
| 2012 || Sangeeta Rao || ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''
|-
| 2013 || Romesh Kolra || ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|-
| 2014 || [[Santram Varma]] || ''[[Jodha Akbar (TV series)|Jodha Akbar]]''
|-
| 2015 || [[Rohit Jugraj Chauhan|Rohit Jugraj]]|| ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (TV series)|Ek Hasina Thi]]''
|}

*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series|Best Actor in a Drama Series]]
*[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series|Best Actress in a Drama Series]]

===Best Ongoing Drama Series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Series || Producers/Production
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' || [[Balaji Telefilms]]
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' || [[Director's Kut Productions]]
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' || [[Balaji Telefilms]]
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' || [[Sphere Origins]]
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' (tied with) ''[[Jodha Akbar (TV series)|Jodha Akbar]]'' (tied with) ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' || [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]] (tied with) [[Balaji Telefilms]] (tied with) [[Director's Kut Productions]]
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' || [[Director's Kut Productions]]
|}

===Best Non-Fiction Series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Series || Producers/ Productions
|-
| 2004 || ''Big Story: Afghanistan'' || [[NDTV]]
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|Kaun Banega Crorepati 2]]'' ||rowspan="2"|[[Big Synergy]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[10 Ka Dum]]''
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega]]'' || Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|Kaun Banega Crorepati 5]]'' || [[Big Synergy]]
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]'' || [[Optimystix Entertainment]]
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]'' || [[Endemol India]]
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' || [[Kapil Sharma (comedian)|Kapil Sharma]] [[Sol (production company)|Sol Production]]
|}

===Best Comedy Series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Series || Producers/Production
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Office Office]]'' || Eagle Video Films
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'' || Hats Off Productions
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]'' || [[Endemol India]]
|-
| 2012 ||''[[Lapataganj]]'' || Ashwini Dher
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'' || Neela Telefilms
|-
| 2014 ||''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' || [[Kapil Sharma (comedian)|Kapil Sharma]] [[Sol (production company)|Sol Production]]
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'' || [[Neela Telefilms]]
|}

===Best Mythological Series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Series || Production
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]'' || [[Triangle Film Corporation|Triangle Film Company]]
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' || [[Swastik Pictures]]
|}

===Best Ensemble Cast===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Series || Producers/Production
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' || [[Balaji Telefilms]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' || [[Balaji Telefilms]]
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]'' (season 2) || [[Balaji Telefilms]]
|-
| 2006 ||''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'' || Hats Off Productions
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' || [[Balaji Telefilms]]
|-
| 2008 || Not Awarded || -
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' || [[Director's Kut Productions]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere Liye]]'' || [[Balaji Telefilms]]
|-
| 2011 ||''[[Uttaran]]'' || [[Film Farm India]]
|-
| 2012 ||''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]'' || Ravi Ojha Productions
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Balika Vadhu]]'' ||[[Sphere Origins]]
|-
| 2014 ||''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' ||[[Swastik Pictures]]
|-
| 2015 ||''[[Everest (Indian TV series)|Everest]]'' ||[[Ashutosh Gowarikar]]
|}

===Best Writer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Name || Series
|-
| 2004 || Sonali Bhonsle || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''
|-
| 2005 || [[Zama Habib]]|| ''[[Kkavyanjali]]''
|-
| 2006 || Sonali Jaffer || ''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]''
|-
| 2007 || Sonali Jaffer || ''[[Kasamh Se]]''
|-
| 2009 || [[Bhavna Vyas]]|| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|-
| 2011 || Purnendu Shekhar [[Gajra Kottary]]
Rajesh Dubey
|''[[Balika Vadhu]]''
|-
| 2012 || Mitali ||''[[Uttaran]]''
|-
| 2013 ||Sonali Jaffer Harneet ||''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''
|-
| 2015 || [[Bhavna Vyas]] [[Munisha Rajpal]] ||''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|-
| 2016 || Purnendu Shekhar Gajra Kottary || ''[[Balika Vadhu]]''
|}

===Special awards===
*Best Production House: [[Balaji Telefilms]] (2003, 2005)
*Outstanding Contribution to Indian Television: [[Subhash Chandra]] ([[Zee Network]]) (2003)
*Outstanding Debut: [[Mona Singh]] for ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'' (2003)
*Best Marketing of Entertainment Product: [[Sony Entertainment Television]] (''Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin'') (2003)
*Cinematic Excellence in Television: [[Amitabh Bachchan]] (2012)

== See also ==

* [[List of Asian television awards]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://producersguildindia.com/Home/GuildAnnualAward Official Site]

{{Star Guild Awards}}
{{Television Awards in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Star Guild Award}}
[[Category:Producers Guild Film Awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2004]]
[[Category:Indian television awards]]
[[Category:Hindi film awards]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2016 disestablishments in India]]

Kothuru, Kakinada District

2025-11-25T00:03:11Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Creating Place

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kothuru
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.2958|N|82.4764|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Kakinada
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.44
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 271
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 32
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 533 446
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Kothuru''' is a village in [[Rowthulapudi Mandal]], [[Kakinada district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in East Godavari district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/eastgodavari.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=7 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121141044/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/EastGodavari.pdf|archivedate=21 January 2015|format=PDF}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Kothuru is located at {{coord|17.2958|N|82.4764|E|}}.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Kothuru had a population of 271, out of which 127 were male and 144 were female. The population of children below 6 years of age was 16. The literacy rate of the village was 62.35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2814_PART_A_DCHB_EAST%20GODAVARI.pdf|title= Kothuru Village Census 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Rowthulapudi mandal]]

{{Kakinada-geo-stub}}

Kallapalem

2025-11-24T05:51:29Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Creating A Entry

{{Short description|Village in India}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kallapalem
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|16.5319|N|81.2767|E|region:IN-AP_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kalidindi]]
| population_as_of = 2011
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode]]
| postal_code = 521333
}}
'''Kallapalem''' is a village in the [[Kalidindi]] mandal of [[Krishna District]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. It comes under the [[Kaikaluru]] assembly constituency and [[Eluru]] Parliamentary constituency. The major economy of the village is aqua-agriculture.<ref>{{cite news|title=Helen causes extensive damage to crops|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Helen-causes-extensive-damage-to-crops/2013/11/25/article1909627.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173636/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Helen-causes-extensive-damage-to-crops/2013/11/25/article1909627.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2016|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=The New Indian Express|date=25 November 2013|location=Vijayawada}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2021}} In 2011, its population was 3,474.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kollapalem(589357) |website=Census of India |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=667204 |accessdate=15 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishna district]]

{{Krishna-geo-stub}}

Sadiq-ur-Rahman Kidwai

2025-10-16T17:18:39Z

ScarlettFlannaga: started stub

{{short description|Indian writer and academician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sadiq-ur-Rahman Kidwai
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Academician, writer
| yearsactive =
| spouse = Azra Kidwai - Academician, author, social worker
| domesticpartner =
| children = Jamal Kidwai, Saif Kidwai
| parents = Father: Shafiq Ur Rahman Kidwai, Freedom Fighter, Social Reformer, MLC. Mother: Siddiqa Kidwai, Social Worker
| website = {{URL||Official web site}}
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Sadiq-ur-Rahman Kidwai''' is an Indian writer,<ref name="Gilchrist and the 'Language of Hindoostan'">{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Gilchrist-Language-Hindoostan-Sadiq-ur-Rahman-Kidwai/dp/B0000CQPVC | title=Gilchrist and the 'Language of Hindoostan' | publisher=Rachna Prakashan | author=Sadiq-ur-Rahman Kidwai(Author) | year=1972 | pages=160 | asin=B0000CQPVC}}</ref><ref name="Nazeer Akbarabadi : Ek Munfarid Shair ">{{cite book | title=Nazeer Akbarabadi : Ek Munfarid Shair | publisher=Ghalib Institute | author=Sadiq Ur Rahman Kidwai | year=2010 | pages=354 | isbn=9788181720351|oclc = 601067226}}</ref><ref name="Mazahmati Adab Ki Jamaliyat Aur Faiz Ahmed Faiz ">{{cite book | url=http://www.hindibook.com/index.php?p=sr&Uc=HB-38778 | title=Mazahmati Adab Ki Jamaliyat Aur Faiz Ahmed Faiz | publisher=Ghalib Ans | author=Sadiq Ur Rahman Kidwai | year=2013 | pages=321 | isbn=9788181720634}}</ref> academician and a former dean of the School of Languages, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]],<ref name="Indian Express">{{cite web | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/best-young-writers/980361/0 | title=Indian Express | publisher=Indian Express | date=28 July 2012 | access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="JMI">{{cite web | url=http://jmi.ac.in/bulletinboard/press-releases/latest/A_Series_on_The_Transformative_Vision_of_Nai_Talim_at_Jamia-1766 | title=JMI | publisher=JMI | date=2014 | access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="MANUU">{{cite web | url=http://www.manuu.ac.in/centerforurdu_events.php | title=MANUU | publisher=MANUU | date=2014 | access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> known for his scholarship in Urdu literature.<ref name="Zee News">{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/exclusive/faiz-was-a-revolution-who-is-evergreen_2663.html | title=Zee News | publisher=Zee News | date=25 September 2014 | access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> He is the secretary of the [[Ghalib Institute, New Delhi|Ghalib Institute]],<ref name="Indian Express" /> renowned educational and cultural institution in Delhi<ref name="Ghalib Academy">{{cite web | url=http://www.ghalibacademy.org/frame.htm | title=Ghalib Academy | publisher=Ghalib Academy | date=2014 | access-date=21 December 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426204840/http://www.ghalibacademy.org/frame.htm | archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref> and a member of the Goethe Society of India.<ref name="OOcities">{{cite web | url=http://www.oocities.org/goethe_india/people.htm | title=OOcities | publisher=OOcities | date=2014 | access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="GSI">{{cite web | url=https://goetheindia.wordpress.com/members/9/ | title=GSI | publisher=GSI | date=2014 | access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> He was honored by the [[Government of India]], in 2010, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Shri | publisher=Padma Shri | date=2014 | access-date=11 November 2014 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Mirza Ghalib]]
* [[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Gilchrist-Language-Hindoostan-Sadiq-ur-Rahman-Kidwai/dp/B0000CQPVC | title=Gilchrist and the 'Language of Hindoostan' | publisher=Rachna Prakashan | author=Sadiq-ur-Rahman Kidwai(Author) | year=1972 | pages=160 | asin=B0000CQPVC}}
* {{cite book | title=Nazeer Akbarabadi : Ek Munfarid Shair | publisher=Ghalib Institute | author=Sadiq Ur Rahman Kidwai | year=2010 | pages=354 | isbn=9788181720351|oclc = 601067226}}
* {{cite book | url=http://www.hindibook.com/index.php?p=sr&Uc=HB-38778 | title=Mazahmati Adab Ki Jamaliyat Aur Faiz Ahmed Faiz | publisher=Ghalib Ans | author=Sadiq Ur Rahman Kidwai | year=2013 | pages=321 | isbn=9788181720634}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/padma-awards-2010/haobam-ongbi-ngangbi-devi/slideshow/5771428.cms | title=Economic Times | publisher=Economic Times | date=2010 | access-date=18 December 2014}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kidwai, Sadiq-ur-Rahman}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Bhaskar Saha

2025-10-02T11:26:19Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Indian cell biologist (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Bhaskar Saha
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1964|1|2}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Immunology]] | [[Cell biology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Pune University]] | [[Vidyasagar University]] | [[National Centre for Cell Science]] }}
| awards = 2009 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]]
}}
'''Bhaskar Saha''' (born 2 January 1964) is an Indian immunologist, cell biologist and a senior scientist at [[National Centre for Cell Science]], Pune.<ref name="Dr. Bhaskar Saha Scientist 'G'">{{cite web | url=http://www.nccs.res.in/saha1.html | title=Dr. Bhaskar Saha Scientist 'G' | publisher=National Centre for Cell Science | work=Scientist profile | date=2016 | access-date=29 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103223833/http://www.nccs.res.in/saha1.html | archive-date=3 November 2016 }}</ref> He is known for his contributions in the fields of immunology and [[cell signaling]] .<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=118 | title=Brief Profile of the Awardee | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> He is an elected fellow of two of the major Indian science academies, [[National Academy of Sciences, India]]<ref name="NASI fellows">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S | title=NASI fellows | publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India | date=2016 | access-date=26 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316043224/http://nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S | archive-date=16 March 2016 }}</ref> and [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="Fellow Profile - Saha">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Saha,_Dr_Bhaskar | title=Fellow Profile - Saha | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=25 October 2016}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2009, for his contributions to biological sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Bhaskar Saha obtained his PhD from Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta (1993). He did his postdoctoral fellowship at Naval Medical Research Institute and also served as Principal Investigator at NMRI, and Faculty, Dept of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, USA (1996–97). He joined National Centre for Cell Science in 1998 where he serves as a ''Scientist-G'' and carries out his researches on immunology and cancer biology.<ref name="Pune scientist on fast gets govt assurance">{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-pune-scientist-on-fast-gets-govt-assurance-1848156 | title=Pune scientist on fast gets govt assurance | publisher=DNA India | date=15 June 2013 | access-date=29 October 2016}}</ref> His early researches were focused on immunology and he has since shifted his focus to explore that therapeutic uses of his findings.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | access-date=5 October 2016 | page=34 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> At NCCS, he is involved in five projects viz. ''[[Leishmania]]-[[macrophage]] interaction'', ''CD40 signaling'', ''DC subset mediated priming against prostate cancer'', ''Development and regulation of regulatory T cells in leishmaniasis'' and ''DC subsets in [[leishmaniasis]] and regulation of T cell response''.<ref name="Bhaskar Saha on ICRD">{{cite web | url=http://www.incredb.org/investigator.php?incredb_id=19 | title=Bhaskar Saha on ICRD | publisher=India Cancer Research Database | date=2016 | access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> He has published several research articles, reviews and book chapters that could be found in Pubmed.<ref name="Bhaskar Saha on PubMed">{{cite journal | title=Bhaskar Saha on PubMed |volume = 24|issue = 20|pages = 1903–4| journal=Author Profile | date=2016 |pmid = 20|last1 = Barthel|first1 = W.|last2 = Markwardt|first2 = F. | doi=10.1016/0006-2952(75)90415-3}}</ref> He has also served as a faculty member of [[Pune University]] and [[Vidyasagar University]].<ref name="Dr. Bhaskar Saha Scientist 'G'" />

Saha, who is known to have a calm and composed personality, was in the news in 2013 when he staged a hunger strike in protest against the mismanagement of research programs at National Centre for Cell Science.<ref name="Pune scientist on fast gets govt assurance" /> He is married to Ratna, a school teacher at [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust|Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] and the couple has a son, Baibaswata and a daughter, Saptaparnee. The family lives in Pune.<ref name="Bhatnagar awardee Saha has many faces">{{cite web | url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNPUN19337 | title=Bhatnagar awardee Saha has many faces | publisher=DNA Syndication | date=10 March 2003 | access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Saha's contributions to the biological sciences earned him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] in 2009.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees" /> He was elected as a fellow by the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] in 2011<ref name="NASI fellows" /> and a year later, he became an elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="NASI fellows" /> He is also recipient of [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]] of the [[Department of Biotechnology]] in 2007.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2016 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=25 March 2017 |archive-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304191331/http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf }}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==

* {{cite journal |last1=Rub |first1=Abdur |last2=Dey |first2=Ranadhir |last3=Jadhav |first3=Meenakshi |last4=Kamat |first4=Rohan |last5=Chakkaramakkil |first5=Santhosh |last6=Majumdar |first6=Subrata |last7=Mukhopadhyaya |first7=Robin |last8=Saha |first8=Bhaskar |title=Cholesterol depletion associated with Leishmania major infection alters macrophage CD40 signalosome composition and effector function |journal=Nature Immunology |date=8 February 2009 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=273–280 |doi=10.1038/ni.1705 |pmid=19198591 |s2cid=16404693 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Modeling and experimental analyses reveals signaling plasticity in a bi-modular assembly of CD40 receptor activated kinases | author=Sarma U, Sareen A, Maiti M, Kamat V, Sudan R, Pahari S, Srivastava N, Roy S, Sinha S, Ghosh, Chande AG, Mukhopadhyaya R, Saha B. | journal=PLOS ONE | year=2012 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0039898 | pmid=22815717 | pmc=3399835 | volume=7 | issue=7 | article-number=e39898| bibcode=2012PLoSO...739898S | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | title=The conundrum of CD40 function: host protection or disease promotion? |vauthors=Mathur RK, Awasthi A, Saha B | journal=Trends Parasitol. | date=March 2006 | volume=22 | issue=3 | pages=117–22 | doi=10.1016/j.pt.2006.01.003|pmid=16446115 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Immune response to Leishmania infection |vauthors=Awasthi A, Mathur RK, Saha B | journal=Indian J Med Res | date=June 2004 | volume=119 | issue=6 | pages=238–58 | pmid=15243162}}
* {{cite journal | title=Reciprocal CD40 signals through p38MAPK and ERK-1/2 induce counteracting immune responses |vauthors=Mathur RK, Awasthi A, Wadhone P, Ramanamurthy B, Saha B | journal=Nat. Med. | date=May 2004 | volume=10 | issue=5 | pages=540–4 | doi=10.1038/nm1045|pmid=15107845 |s2cid=31967073 }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Immunology]]
* [[Cell signaling]]
* [[Plasticity (brain)]]
* [[Signal transduction]]
* [[Shubha Tole]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Biology}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OatyBiF8ZwE | title=Dr Bhaskar Saha against corruption | publisher=India TV | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=15 June 2013 | access-date=30 October 2016}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}
{{N-BIOS Laureates 1999–2009}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saha, Bhaskar}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Scientists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research alumni]]
[[Category:French National Centre for Scientific Research scientists]]
[[Category:Indian immunologists]]
[[Category:Indian cell biologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Savitribai Phule Pune University]]
[[Category:Vidyasagar University]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]

Abhishek Jhunjhunwala

2025-08-08T19:50:32Z

ScarlettFlannaga: general expanded details per sources and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1982)}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Abhishek Jhunjhunwala
| image = Cricket_no_pic.png
| fullname = Abhishek Arunkumar Jhunjhunwala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|12|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[off-break]]
| role = [[Batsman]]
| country = India
| club1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year1 = 2010
| club2 = [[Pune Warriors India]]
| year2 = 2011
| club3 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| year3 = 2012
| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| column3 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches1 = 26
| matches2 = 24
| matches3 = 38
| runs1 = 1,292
| runs2 = 529
| runs3 = 472
| bat avg1 = 30.76
| bat avg2 = 29.38
| bat avg3 = 18.15
| 100s/50s1 = 4/4
| 100s/50s2 = 0/4
| 100s/50s3 = 0/2
| top score1 = 139
| top score2 = 84
| top score3 = 54[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 744
| deliveries2 = 300
| deliveries3 = 121
| wickets1 = 9
| wickets2 = 3
| wickets3 = 3
| bowl avg1 = 57.55
| bowl avg2 = 89.66
| bowl avg3 = 57.33
| fivefor1 = 0
| fivefor2 = 0
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling1 = 3/42
| best bowling2 = 2/58
| best bowling3 = 1/5
| catches/stumpings1 = 16/-
| catches/stumpings2 = 3/–
| catches/stumpings3 = 20/–
| source = http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/29702.html ESPNcricinfo
| date = 3 April
| year = 2024
}}
'''Abhishek Arunkumar Jhunjhunwala''' (born 1 December 1982) is an Indian [[First-class cricket|first-class]] [[cricket]]er.<ref name=ESPNcricinfoIndia>{{cite web | url = http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/29702.html | title= Abhishek Jhunjhunwala | access-date= 2008-05-04 | publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He played for the Royal Bengal Tigers and the [[Indian Cricket League#ICL World teams|Indian World Team]] in the [[Indian Cricket League]] [[Twenty20]] competition, before signing for the [[Rajasthan Royals]] in the [[Indian Premier League]]. In his second match for the Royals, he hit a 7 not out.

In the 4th season of IPL, he played for [[Pune Warriors India]]. In the 5th season of IPL, he moved to [[Deccan Chargers]].

Abhi is now playing for Hampton Wick having moved from Richmond CC to become HW's Director of Cricket.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bengal cricket squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jhunjhunwala, Abhishek}}
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Bengal cricketers]]
[[Category:East Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Pune Warriors India cricketers]]
[[Category:Deccan Chargers cricketers]]
[[Category:Seth Anandram Jaipuria College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:ICL World XI cricketers]]
[[Category:Royal Bengal Tigers cricketers]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1980s-stub}}

2024 Delhi Capitals season

2025-05-04T09:11:56Z

ScarlettFlannaga: Added...

{{Short description|2024 Indian Premier League cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = {{IPL Teams 1|dc }}
| season = [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024]]
| coach = [[Ricky Ponting]]
| captain = {{ubl|
* [[Rishabh Pant]]
* [[Axar Patel]] (stand-in){{Efn|name=Patel}}}}
| ground = {{ubl|
* [[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium|Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
* [[ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]}}
| comp1 = [[2024 Indian Premier League#League stage|IPL League]]
| comp1 result = Finished at 6th place
| most runs = [[Rishabh Pant]] (446)
| most wickets = [[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]] (17)
| most catches = [[Axar Patel]] (13)
| most dismissals = [[Rishabh Pant]] (16)
| prevseason = [[2023 {{IPL Teams 1|dc }} season|2023]]
| nextseason = [[2025 {{IPL Teams 1|dc }} season|2025]]
}}
The [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 season]] was the 17th season for the [[Indian Premier League]] franchise [[{{IPL Teams 1|dc }}]]. They were one of the ten teams competed in the [[2024 Indian Premier League]]. They finished at the 9th place in [[2023 Indian Premier League|previous season]]'s League stage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL Points Table {{!}} IPL Standings {{!}} IPL Ranking |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/points-table-standings |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> The Delhi Capitals drew an average home attendance of 33,580 in the IPL in 2024.

Ahead of the 2024 season, [[Rishabh Pant]] returned as the captain after missing out the 2023 season due to injury.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-11 |title=Rishabh Pant will not be available for IPL, confirms Sourav Ganguly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/rishabh-pant-will-not-be-available-for-ipl-sourav-ganguly/articleshow/96907280.cms |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=Rishabh Pant will captain Delhi Capitals in IPL 2024 |url=https://www.delhicapitals.in/news/rishabh-pant-will-captain-delhi-capitals-in-ipl-2024 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Delhi Capitals |language=en}}</ref> After [[2024 Sunrisers Hyderabad season|Hyderabad]]'s abandoned match on [[2024 Indian Premier League#match66|16 May 2024]], Delhi was eliminated from the [[2024 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SRH vs GT Cricket Scorecard, 66th Match at Hyderabad, May 16, 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-gujarat-titans-66th-match-1426304/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-16 |title=SRH qualify for playoffs after washout; DC and LSG eliminated {{!}} Indian Premier League, 2024 |url=https://www.cricket.com/news/ipl-2024-srh-qualify-for-playoffs-dc-and-lsg-eliminated-5162024-1715878782854 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=www.cricket.com |language=en}}</ref> They finished the [[2024 Indian Premier League#League stage|League stage]] at the 6th place with 7 wins and 7 losses, garnering 14 points.<ref name=pts/>

At the end of the season, [[Jake Fraser-McGurk]] was named as the "Electric Striker of the season" and was awarded with [[Indian rupee|₹]]10 [[lakh]] (US$13,000) cash prize along with a trophy and a car.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-05-26 |title=IPL 2024 Final, Presentation Ceremony Full List of Awards: Sunil Narine gets Most Valuable Player of the Season; Virat Kohli wins Orange Cap |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-final-2024-full-list-of-award-winners-presentation-orange-purple-cap-mvp-sixes-fours-catch-emerging-player-fairplay/article68218334.ece |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''
*Ages are as of 22 March 2024, the date of the first match in the competition

{|class="wikitable
|+Squad for the [[2024 Indian Premier League]]
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Captain
|-
| 17 || '''[[Rishabh Pant]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1997|10|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || – || style="text-align:center;" | 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|16|c}} || Wicket-keeper; Suspended{{Efn|[[Rishabh Pant]] was suspended for [[2024 Indian Premier League#match62|Match 62]] due to slow over-rate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pant to miss crucial game against RCB due to over-rate suspension |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2024-pant-suspended-for-one-match-due-to-slow-over-rate-to-miss-rcb-fixture-1433393 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
| 20 || '''[[Axar Patel]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1994|1|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9|c}} || [[Vice Captain (cricket)|Vice Captain]]{{Efn|name=Patel|[[Axar Patel]] was the stand-in captain for [[2024 Indian Premier League#match62|Match 62]] after [[Rishabh Pant]] was suspended.}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| 22 || [[Yash Dhull]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2002|11|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 31 || '''[[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1986|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.25|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 100 || '''[[Prithvi Shaw]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1999|11|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7.5|c}} ||
|-
| 88 || '''[[Harry Brook]]''' || {{cr|ENG}}|| {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1999|2|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4|c}} ||Overseas; Withdrew{{Efn|name=Brook|[[Lizaad Williams]] replaced [[Harry Brook]], after the latter withdrew due to Personal reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4028/lizaad-williams-joins-delhi-capitals-as-a-replacement-for-harry-brook|title=Lizaad Williams Joins Delhi Capitals As A Replacement For Harry Brook |access-date=6 May 2024| work=[[Indian Premier League]]}}</ref>}}
|-
| 99 || Swastik Chikara || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2005|4|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 24 || [[Abishek Porel]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2002|10|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || – || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} ||
|-
| 4 || '''[[Shai Hope]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1993|11|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || – || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} ||Overseas
|-
| 30 || '''[[Tristan Stubbs]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2000|8|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || – || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||Overseas
|-
| 3 || [[Kumar Kushagra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2004|10|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || – || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7.80|c}} ||
|-
| 5 || [[Ricky Bhui]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|9|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Leg-break [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} || Occasional
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| 8 || '''[[Mitchell Marsh]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1991|10|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6|c}} || Overseas; Withdrew{{Efn|name=Marsh|[[Gulbadin Naib]] replaced [[Mitchell Marsh]], after the latter withdrew due to Injury.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.iplt20.com/news/4060/gulbadin-naib-signs-with-delhi-capitals-as-a-replacement-for-mitchell-marsh|title = Delhi Capitals signs Gulbadin Naib as replacement for Mitchell Marsh|access-date=6 May 2024|work=[[Indian Premier League]]}}</ref>}}
|-
| 16 || [[Lalit Yadav (Delhi cricketer)|Lalit Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1997|1|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|65|l}} ||
|-
| 33 || '''[[Jake Fraser-McGurk]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2002|04|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas; Replacement{{Efn|name=Ngidi}}
|-
| 12 || [[Sumit Kumar (Haryana cricketer)|Sumit Kumar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1995|12|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c}} ||
|-
| 14 || '''[[Gulbadin Naib]]''' || {{cr|AFG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1991|06|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|fast medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas; Replacement{{Efn|name=Marsh}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace bowlers
|-
| 02 || '''[[Anrich Nortje]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1993|11|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 29 || '''[[Ishant Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1988|09|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 49 || '''[[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1993|10|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.5|c}} ||
|-
| 71 || '''[[Khaleel Ahmed]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1997|12|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.25|c}} ||
|-
| 22 || '''[[Lungi Ngidi]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|3|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas; Withdrew{{Efn|name=Ngidi|[[Jake Fraser-McGurk]] replaced [[Lungi Ngidi]], after the latter withdrew due to Lower back injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3992/delhi-capitals-name-all-rounder-jake-fraser-mcgurk-as-replacement-for-lungisani-ngidi|title=Delhi Capitals Name Jake Fraser-McGurk As Replacement For Lungisani Ngidi|access-date=6 May 2024| work=[[Indian Premier League]]}}</ref>}}
|-
| 60 || '''[[Jhye Richardson]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|9|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 44 || [[Rasikh Salam Dar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2000|4|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]|| style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 6 || '''[[Lizaad Williams]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1993|10|1|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]]|| style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas; Replacement{{Efn|name=Brook}}
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin bowlers
|-
| 23 || '''[[Kuldeep Yadav]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1994|12|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm unorthodox|unorthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} ||
|-
| 46 || [[Praveen Dubey]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1993|7|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| – || [[Vicky Ostwal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2002|09|01|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|}
* Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Capitals Squad – Indian Premier League, 2024 Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/delhi-capitals-squad-1413547/series-squads |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

== Administration and support staff ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
|CEO|| [[Parth Jindal]]
|-
|Team manager|| Siddharth Bhasin
|-
|Head coach|| [[Ricky Ponting]]
|-
|Batting coach|| [[Pravin Amre]]
|-
|Bowling coach|| [[James Hopes]]
|-
|Fielding coach|| [[Biju George]]
|}

== League stage ==

=== Points table ===
{{2024 Indian Premier League Points table|team={{IPL Teams 2|dc }}}}

=== League progression ===
{{#invoke: IndianPremierLeagueProgression
|create
| L2, L9, W13, L16, L20, W26, W32, L35, W40, W43, L47, W56, L62, W64


| E


|caption=League progression
|teams={{IPL Teams 1|dc }}
|knockoutType=2
|matchesPerTeam=14
|matchReportArticle=2024 Indian Premier League}}

=== Fixtures and results ===
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}

{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match2}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match9}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match13}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match16}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match20}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match26}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match32}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match35}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match40}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match43}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match47}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match56}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match62}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match64}}

== Statistics ==
{{Hatnote|Top 5 tiers for each category are listed}}

=== Most runs ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Runs
!Player
!Innings
!Highest score
|-
!446
|[[Rishabh Pant]]
|13
|88 [[not out]]
|-
!378
|[[Tristan Stubbs]]
|13
|71 [[not out]]
|-
!330
|[[Jake Fraser-McGurk]]
|9
|84
|-
!327
|[[Abhishek Porel]]
|12
|65
|-
!235
|[[Axar Patel]]
|12
|66
|}
*Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League, 2024 batting most runs career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2024-15940 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

=== Most wickets ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Wickets
!Player
!Matches
!Best bowling
|-
!17
|[[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]]
|10
|3/14
|-
!17
|[[Khaleel Ahmed]]
|14
|2/21
|-
!16
|[[Kuldeep Yadav]]
|11
|4/55
|-
!11
|[[Axar Patel]]
|14
|2/25
|-
!10
|[[Ishant Sharma]]
|9
|3/23
|}
*Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League, 2024 bowling most wickets career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/indian-premier-league-2024-15940 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.delhicapitals.in/}}
* [https://www.iplt20.com/teams/delhi-captals {{IPL Teams 1|dc }} on IPLT20 Website]

{{{{IPL Teams 1|dc }} }}
{{2024 Indian Premier League}}



[[Category:2024 Indian Premier League|{{IPL Teams 1|dc }}]]
[[Category:{{IPL Teams 1|dc }} seasons]]

U. Prathibha

2025-05-03T01:12:30Z

ScarlettFlannaga: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Adv Prathibha
| native_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|10 May 1977}}
| birth_place = [[Thakazhy]], [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]], India
| nationality = Indian
| image = U.Prathibha.jpg
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = {{Start date|2016|06|02|df=yes}}
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Kayamkulam (State Assembly constituency)|Kayamkulam]]
| predecessor = [[C. K. Sadasivan]]
| office1 = Alappuzha District Panchayat President
| term_start1 = {{Start date|2010||}}
| term_end1 = {{End date|2015||}}
| office2 = Thakazhy Grama Panchayat President
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2005||}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|2010||}}
| occupation = {{hlist|politician}}
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|K. R. Hari|2001|2018|end=divorced}}
| children = 1 son (Kanivu)
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| caption =
}}

'''U. Prathibha''' is an Indian politician who is a member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (M.L.A.) representing the [[Kayamkulam (State Assembly constituency)|Kayamkulam constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1 September 2020|title=Niyamasabha|url=http://niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/Members-Eng/82%20U.Prathibha.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> of [[Alappuzha district]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Assembly Election 2016 Results |publisher=[[Kerala Legislature]] |url=http://www.keralaassembly.com/results |accessdate=8 June 2016}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Daughter of Sri. V. K. Purushothaman and Smt. J. Umayamma. Born at [[Thakazhy]] on 10 May 1977. She married K.R. Hari a [[Kerala State Electricity Board]] employee in 2001 and the couple has a son named Kanivu. In 2018, they have filed for [[Divorce]] before court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prathibha Hari MLA's divorce case: couple directed to appear for counseling again |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2018/01/13/prathibha-hari-mla-divorce-marriage-counseling.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> In 2019, her former husband was found dead by [[Suicide]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-09 |title=U Prathibha MLA's husband found dead |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/Jul/09/u-prathibha-mlas-husband-found-dead-2001273.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
She came into politics through [[Students' Federation of India]] and entered electoral foray through [[local self-government]]. She was elected as a member in Thakazhy Grama Panchayat in 2000-2005. She became the President of Thakazhy Grama Panchayat during 2005- 2010. She was the president of [[Alappuzha|Alappuzha District panchayat]] from 2010- 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John |first=Haritha |date=2021-03-28 |title=Penn and Politics: Society will be happy only when women are, says LDF's U Prathibha Hari |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/penn-and-politics-society-will-be-happy-only-when-women-are-says-ldf-s-u-prathibha-hari |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> She was elected to 14th Legislative assembly and 15th Legislative assembly of Kerala from [[Kayamkulam (State Assembly constituency)|Kayamkulam]] Constituency in 2016 and got re-elected from there again in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Kerala Legislature|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/|access-date=2021-05-06|website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Kerala Legislative Assembly Election
!Year
!Constituency
!Closest Rival
!Majority
(Votes)
!Won/Loss
|-
|2016
|Kayamkulam
|Adv M Liju (INC)
|11857
|Won<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kayamkulam Assembly Election 2016 Latest News & Results|url=https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2016/kerala/kayamkulam/|access-date=2021-05-06|website=India.com|language=en-EN}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|Kayamkulam
|Aritha Babu (INC)
|6298
|Won<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS11108.htm?ac=108|access-date=2021-05-06|website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|}
In 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly Election, she defeated Adv. M. Liju of INC, with a majority of 11857 votes and in 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, she won against Aritha Babu of INC with a majority of 6298.

== Controversies ==
In 2013, there was a corruption allegation against her while holding position of District panchayat President over land acquisition for construction of a Gender Park in Alappuzha and [[Kerala High Court]] stayed probe in this case.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanth |first=Ajay |date=2021-02-04 |title=MLAs who aren't in the clear |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2021/Feb/04/mlas-who-arent-in-the-clear-2259251.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gender Park in Alappuzha to be functional |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/250716/gender-park-to-be-functional-in-one-month.html}}</ref> In 2020, during [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]] she caught in midst of a controversy after criticizing [[Journalist]]s for reporting tussles between her and local [[Democratic Youth Federation of India]] workers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-04-04 |title=Covid-19: Kayamkulam MLA U Prathibha lands in controversy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/covid-19-kayamkulam-mla-u-prathibha-lands-in-controversy/articleshow/74980648.cms |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2024, her son was arrested by [[Kerala Police]] alleging possession of [[Ganja]] and her stand to support her son became a controversy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-31 |title=Official shifted after MLA's son booked in ganja case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/official-shifted-after-mlas-son-booked-in-ganja-case/articleshow/116839594.cms |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-01 |title=Ganja case: Excise probe gives clean chit to MLA Prathibha's son |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/ganja-case-excise-probe-gives-clean-chit-to-mla-prathibhas-son/articleshow/118650694.cms |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-12-29 |title=Kerala: CPI(M) MLA's Son Among 9 Held For Possessing Ganja, Legislator Denies Allegation |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/cpim-mla-s-son-among-9-held-for-possessing-ganja-in-kerala-legislator-denies-allegation-enn24122900828 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prathiba, U.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]

{{Kerala-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Darshna Vasava

2025-03-01T08:07:55Z

ScarlettFlannaga: New

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Darshna Chandubhai Deshmukh Vasava''' (born 1968)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Darshna Chandubhai Deshmukh(Vasava)(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- NANDOD (ST)(NARMADA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5068 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. She is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Nandod Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[Narmada district]]. She won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Nandod Election Result 2022 LIVE: BJP's Darshna Chandubhai Deshmukh defeats Congress' Hareshbhai Jayantibhai - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/nandod-election-result-2022-live-how-to-check-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-15348721.htm |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Vasava is from [[Nandod Assembly constituency|Nandod]], Narmada district, Gujarat. She married Chandubhai Deshmukh, who is also a doctor. She completed her MBBS in MBBS in gynaecology and later did MD at [[The Maharaja Sayyajirao University|Maharaja Sayyajirao University of Baroda]], [[Vadodara]] in 1998.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Vasava won from [[Nandod Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. She polled 70,543 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Haresh Vasava of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 28,202 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandod Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Dr. Darshna Chandubhai Deshmukh(Vasava) Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/nandod-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6561199.html |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Election Result 2022: Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-election-results-2022-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Nandod Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Dr. Darshna Chandubhai Deshmukh(vasava) Wins From Nandod , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/nandod-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568300 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vasava, Darshna}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Narmada district]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Women members of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]