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Hingalganj Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T16:24:42Z

Saurabhoaoindia: adding new article

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{About|the assembly constituency in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake census town|Hingalganj, North 24 Parganas|2 its namesake community development block|Hingalganj}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hingalganj
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Hingalganj.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Hingalganj Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| preceded_by =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]]
| constituency_no = 126
| established = 1967
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| abolished =
| mla = [[Rekha Patra]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 243,747
}}

'''Hingalganj Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], 126 Hingalganj Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: [[Hingalganj]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and Barunhat Rameshwarpur, Bhabanipur I, Bhabanipur II, Hasnabad, PatliKhanpur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Hasnabad (community development block)|Hasnabad]] community development block, and Khulna gram panchayat of [[Sandeshkhali II]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 15 October 2010 |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Hingalganj Assembly constituency is part of 18. [[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| B. N. Brahmachari
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| Hazarilal Mondal
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| Lalit Kumar Ghosh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Gopal Chandra Gayen
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=8}}
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="3" | Sudhansu Mondal
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="3" | Nripen Gayen
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| Gopal Gayen
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| Anandamoy Mondal
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Debes Mondal]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
| [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[Rekha Patra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Hingalganj}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Rekha Patra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:100207}}
|percentage = 48.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ananda Sarkar
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:94786}}
|percentage = 45.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sangita Mandal
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:7205}}
|percentage = 3.48
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Biswajit Roy
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:1056}}
|percentage = 0.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:1660}}
|percentage = 0.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:5421}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:207071}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 election, Debesh Mondal of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Nemai Das of BJP.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Hingalganj}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Debes Mondal]]
|votes = 104,706
|percentage = 53.78
|change = +0.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Nemai Das|votes=79,790|percentage=40.98|change=+32.97}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Ranjan Kumar Mondal|votes=6,008|percentage=3.09|change=-32.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,736|percentage=0.89|change=-0.15}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Krishna Gayen|votes=1,154|percentage=0.59|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Nirmal Mudi|votes=850|percentage=0.44|change=-0.38}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Jan Sangh Party
|candidate = Sanjit Mondal
|votes = 433
|percentage = 0.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=194,681|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, Debesh Mondal of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Anandamoy Mondal of CPI.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Hingalganj (SC) constituency}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Debes Mondal]]|votes=94,753|percentage=53.00|change=+7.89}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Anandamoy Mondal|votes=64,449|percentage=36.05|change=-9.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Labanya Mondal|votes=14,327|percentage=8.01|change=+3.27}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Ranjit Gayen|votes=1,921|percentage=1.07|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,854|percentage=1.04|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Nitish Kumar Biswas|votes=1,467|percentage=0.82|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=178,771|percentage=84.26|change=-1.72}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Anandamoy Mondal of CPI defeated his nearest rival Debesh Mondal of Trinamool Congress,

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Hingalganj (SC) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 24 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=126| title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011| work = Hingalganj| publisher = Empowering India| access-date = 24 April 2011| archive-date = 13 May 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513170259/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=126| url-status = usurped}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Anandamoy Mondal|votes=72,744|percentage=45.75|change=-5.67}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Debes Mondal]]|votes=71,726|percentage=45.11|change=+1.13#}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Ratikanta Baulia|votes=7,533|percentage=4.74|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Parimal Mistri
|votes = 2,368
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Alipada Paik|votes=1,846|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = People’s Democratic Conference of India
|candidate = Sunil Mandal
|votes = 1,727
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Rashtriya Janasachetan Party
|candidate = Nirmal Kumar Biswas
|votes = 1,046
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=158,987|percentage=85.98|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = -6.80#
}}
{{Election box end}}

<small>.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.</small>
===2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2011 assembly elections]], Anandamoy Mondal of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI]] won the 99 Hingalganj (SC) assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Debes Mandal of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Debes Mandal lost second time from this assembly.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Gopal Gayen of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the 99 Hingalganj (SC) assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Debes Mandal of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Nripen Gayen of CPI(M) defeated Sourendra Mondal of Trinamool Congress in 2001,<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Bidyut Kayal of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> and Sankar Roy of Congress in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Sudhanshu Mondal of CPI(M) defeated Aditya Mondal of Congress in 1987<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> and Amal Krishna Mistry representing Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> and representing [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp99.htm |title =99 - Hingalganj (SC) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 October 2010}}</ref>

===1967-1972===
Anil Chandra Mondal of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Gopal Chandra Gayen of CPI(M) won in 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Hazari Lal Mondal of CPI won in 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> B.N. Brahmachari an Independent won in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Prior to that the Hingalganj seat was not there.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in West Bengal]]

Baokhungri Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T09:04:35Z

Saurabhoaoindia: made some post basic info!

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Baokhungri
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 4
| map_image = Baokhungri Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| state = [[Assam]]
| division = [[Lower Assam division|Lower Assam]]
| district = [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency|Kokrajhar]]
| established = 2023
| reservation = None
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| electors =
}}

'''Baokhungri Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]] a north east state of India. It was newly formed in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

==Election Results==

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Baokhungri}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rupam Chandra Roy|party=Bodoland People's Front|votes=62677 |percentage=41.95 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sapali Marak|party=Indian National Congress|votes=38967 |percentage=26.08 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=PRATIBHA BRAHMA|party=UPPL|votes=21245 |percentage=14.22 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1668 |percentage=1.12 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= 23710 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes=149422 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Kokrajhar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2023]]

List of ministers of health of Bihar

2026-05-07T17:54:53Z

Saurabhoaoindia:

{{Short description|Health ministers of Bihar}}

{{more citations needed|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}

The Ministers responsible for the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in the [[Government of Bihar]], India have been:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! #
!Portrait
! Name
! colspan="3" |Term
! [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| 1
|[[File:Bihar Vibhuti Dr Anugrah Narayan Sinha,first Bihar Dy Chief Minister.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]]
| 2 April 1946
| 5 July 1957
|
| [[Shri Krishna Sinha]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="5" style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| 2
|
| Mohammad Yunus
|
|
|
|
|-
|3
|
|Dr. B P Jawahar
|
|
|
|[[Mahamaya Prasad Sinha]]
|
|-
| 4
|
| Abdul Gafoor
| 2 July 1973
| 27 September 1973
|
| Abdul Gafoor
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 5
|
| Kedar Pandey
| 27 September 1973
| 11 April 1975
|
| Abdul Gafoor
|-
| 6
|[[File:B.dubey(3).jpg|94x94px]]
| [[Bindeshwari Dubey]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/bokaro-8794987.html|title=पुण्यतिथि पर याद किए गए बिन्देश्वरी दुबे|website=m.jagran.com}}</ref>
| 11 April 1975
| 30 April 1977
|
| [[Jagannath Mishra]]
|-
|7
|
| [[Jabir Husain]]
| 24 June 1977
| 21 April 1979
|
| [[Karpoori Thakur]]
| [[Janata Party]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|-
|8
|
| Braj Kishor Singh
| 9 March 1982
| 11 April 1985
|
| [[Chandra Shekhar Singh]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| 9
|
| Dinesh Singh<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19861130-bihar-cm-regularises-appointments-of-ad-hoc-doctors-unemployed-doctors-protest-801505-1986-11-30|title=Bihar CM regularises appointments of ad hoc doctors, unemployed doctors protest|website=India Today}}</ref>
| 12 March 1985
| 14 February 1988
|
| [[Bindeshwari Dubey]]
|-
|10
|
|Mangal Singh Lamay<ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Mangal Singh Lamay, Jaganathpur Assembly Elections 1990 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/1990/jaganathpur/mangal-singh-lamay/ |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref>
|10 March 1990
|
|
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav|Lalu Yadav]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|
|-
| 11
|
| Umeshwar Prasad Verma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 12
|
| Mahaveer Prasad
| 25 July 1997
| 9 March 1999
|
| rowspan="3" | [[Rabri Devi]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
|-
| 13
|
| [[Udit Rai]]
| 9 March 1999
| 2 March 2000
|
|-
| 14
|[[File:Shri Shaqeel Ahmed in his office after taking over the charge as the Minister of State for Communications & Information Technology in New Delhi on May 24, 2004.jpg|75x75px]]
| [[Shakeel Ahmad]]
| 2 April 2000
| May 2004
|
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| 15
|
| [[Chandra Mohan Rai]]
| 24 November 2005
| 13 April 2008
|{{Ayd|24 november 2005|13 april 2008}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Nitish Kumar]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| 16
|[[File:Nand kishore yadav.JPG|113x113px]]
| [[Nand Kishore Yadav]]
| 13 April 2008
| 24 November 2010
|{{Ayd|13 april 2008|24 november 2010}}
|-
| 17
|[[File:The Minister of State for Health & Family Welfare, Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey on July 25, 2018.jpg|86x86px]]
| [[Ashwini Kumar Choubey]]
| 26 November 2010
| 16 June 2013
|{{Ayd|26 november 2010|16 june 2013}}
|-
| 18
|
| [[Tej Pratap Yadav]]
| 20 November 2015
| 26 July 2017
|{{Ayd|20 november 2015|26 july 2017}}
| rowspan="4" | [[Nitish Kumar]]
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
|-
| 19
| [[File:Mangal Pandey minister Bihar.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Mangal Pandey (politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
| 29 July 2017
| 9 August 2022
|{{Ayd|29 july 2017|9 august 2022}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|20
| [[File:Tejaswi Yadav 2023.jpg|81x81px]]
|[[Tejashwi Yadav]]
|10 August 2022
|28 January 2024
|{{Ayd|10 august 2022| 28 January 2024}}
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
|-
| (19)
| [[File:Mangal Pandey minister Bihar.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Mangal Pandey (politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
| 28 January 2024
| 15 April 2026
|{{Ayd| 28 January 2024}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| 21
| [[File:Samrat Chaudhary wishing Nitish Kumar on his birthday (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| 15 April 2026
| 7 May 2026
|{{Ayd| 15 April 2026}}
| [[Samrat Choudhary|Himself]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| 22
|
| [[Nishant Kumar (politician)|Nishant Kumar]]
| 7 May 2026
| Incumbent
|{{Ayd| 7 May 2026}}
| [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
|}

==See also==
*[[List of ministers of finance of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of panchayati raj of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of sports of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of education of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of transport of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of co-operatives of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of science and technology of Bihar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Government of Bihar]]
[[Category:Lists of government ministers of Bihar]]

Osama bin Laden (elephant)

2026-05-05T14:57:20Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Put Up A Entry - done

{{Short description|Rogue bull elephant in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox animal
| name = Osama bin Laden
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| othername =
| species = [[Asian elephant]]
| gender = Male
| birth_date = 1956–1961<ref name=nbcserial/>
| death_date = December 2006
| death_place = Behali, near [[Tezpur]], [[Assam]], India
| occupation =
| years_active = 2004–2006
| weight =
| height = {{convert|9|to|11|ft|m|order=flip}}
| appearance = No [[tusk]]s
| namedafter = [[Osama bin Laden]]
}}

'''Osama bin Laden''' was a [[Elephant#Attacks|rogue]] bull [[Asian elephant|elephant]] named after the radical Islamic extremist [[Osama bin Laden]]. He was responsible for at least 27 deaths and the destruction of property in the jungled [[Sonitpur district]] of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Assam]]. After a two-year series of attacks from 2004 to 2006, the elephant was eventually shot, though some were doubtful that the correct animal had been killed. Two other now-deceased killer elephants active following 2006 were also given the name "Osama bin Laden" or "Laden".<ref name="foxnews"/>

==Attacks==
Osama bin Laden was a [[Elephant#Attacks|rogue]] bull [[Asian elephant|elephant]] active in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Assam]], in the vicinity of [[Behali]], near [[Tezpur]]. The state capital, [[Guwahati]], is {{convert|150|mi|km|order=flip}} southwest of Behali.<ref name="Conroy">{{cite news |first1=Scott |last1=Conroy |publisher=Associated Press/[[CBS News]] |date=17 December 2006 |title=Elephant Named After Bin Laden Shot Dead |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/elephant-named-after-bin-laden-shot-dead/ |accessdate=2 January 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102163540/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/elephant-named-after-bin-laden-shot-dead/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The province has an estimated population of 5,300 Asiatic elephants.<ref name="Conroy"/>

Named after the militant leader [[Osama bin Laden]],<ref name=bbckiller/><ref name="WAFF">{{cite web |title=Authorities in India hunting killer elephant named after Osama bin Laden |date=16 December 2006 |url=http://www.waff.com/story/5820652/authorities-in-india-hunting-killer-elephant-named-after-osama-bin-laden |publisher=[[WAFF (TV)|WAFF]] |accessdate=3 January 2015 |archive-date=4 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104161507/http://www.waff.com/story/5820652/authorities-in-india-hunting-killer-elephant-named-after-osama-bin-laden |url-status=live }}</ref> at the time of the attacks, the elephant was thought to be between 45 and 50 years old.<ref name=nbcserial/> He measured between {{convert|9|and|11|ft|m|order=flip}} tall.<ref name=nbcserial/><ref name=ishe/> He was given the status of a "rogue" elephant in the summer of 2006 after his death toll reached double-digit figures.<ref name=bbckiller/> He was said to not fear fire or [[firecracker]]s.<ref name=ishe>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/osama-the-serial-killer-elephant-is-shot-dead--or-is-he-428923.html |title='Osama' the serial killer elephant is shot dead – or is he? |last=Bignell |first=Paul |date=18 December 2006 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=2 January 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102163352/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/osama-the-serial-killer-elephant-is-shot-dead--or-is-he-428923.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During his attacks, he killed 27 people in the state of Assam,<ref name=nbcserial>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16248233 |title=Serial killer elephant shot dead in India |date=17 December 2006 |publisher=[[NBC News]] |access-date=23 April 2013 |archive-date=27 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727061222/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16248233/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/t/serial-killer-elephant-shot-dead-india |url-status=live }}</ref> including 14 during the six months preceding his death.{{efn-ua|"The animal was blamed for 14 deaths in the northeastern state of Assam.... The order came after the bull — dubbed 'Laden' — was blamed for the death of a woman Wednesday near the thickly wooded evergreen jungle where it lived. The elephant evaded two previous attempts by officials to kill it."<ref name="USAToday"/>}}<ref name=bbckiller>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6183961.stm |title=India's killer elephant shot dead |date=17 December 2006 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=23 April 2013 |archive-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103213448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6183961.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="USAToday">{{cite news |title=Killer elephant named after Osama bin Laden slain |date=18 December 2006 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |location=Guwahati, India |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/offbeat/2006-12-18-killer-elephant_x.htm |accessdate=2 January 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102211401/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/offbeat/2006-12-18-killer-elephant_x.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Expansion of human activities and [[Habitat destruction|destruction]] of elephants' natural habitat has resulted in elephants foraging for food where humans are situated.{{efn-ua|In India, they are a [[protected species|protected]] and [[endangered species]]. The Indian subcontinent has almost half of the world's population of 60,000 Asian elephants. In 2002, a census in Assam counted approximately 5,000. However, conservationists suggest the pachyderm population has fallen rapidly because of loss of habitat, human encroachment into forests, and concomitant human-elephant conflicts.<ref name="reuters2"/>}} From 2001 to 2006 in Assam, more than 250 people were killed by elephants; villagers killed 268 elephants, mainly by poisoning.<ref name="Conroy"/>

==Death==

Indian officials issued a "shoot to kill" directive for Osama bin Laden in mid-December 2006,{{efn-ua|"'I am looking for my target with a .400 bore rifle assisted by five forestry officials, but Laden is known to do the vanishing trick every time a hunter is put on its trail,' said Dipen Ram Phookun, one of Assam's three licensed elephant hunters."<ref name="WAFF"/>}} with a deadline of the end of the month. On 18 December, it was announced that the elephant had been tracked to a [[History of tea in India|tea plantation]] near Behali, a town {{convert|90|mi|km|order=flip}} north-west of [[Guwahati]].<ref name=ishe/> Local villagers used drums and fire to trap the elephant in the corner of the plantation.<ref name=bbckiller/> He was approached by hunter Dipen Ram Phookun; however, once the elephant realised what was about to happen he charged the hunter, who killed him as he rapidly approached. Phookun said, "It was charging towards me and I kept firing. Another few yards and it would have run over me."<ref name=bbckiller/> It had been identified as Osama bin Laden as it had no tusks.<ref name=ishe/>

However officials were concerned that it was not the right elephant, with the death taking place a considerable distance – {{convert|50|mi|km|order=flip}} – from where he had been seen previously.{{efn-ua|Elephant expert Kushal Sharma claimed: "The elephant was found 80km away from the usual place where he moves around."<ref>{{cite news |title=Osama bin Laden shot dead |publisher=metrowebukmetro |date=17 December 2006 |url=http://metro.co.uk/2006/12/17/osama-bin-laden-shot-dead-470377/ |accessdate=4 January 2015 |archive-date=4 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104200004/http://metro.co.uk/2006/12/17/osama-bin-laden-shot-dead-470377/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Forestry officials were accused of killing an innocent elephant, while conservation groups were concerned about the possibility of revenge attacks by other elephants of the same herd.<ref name=ishe/>{{efn-ua|Activists said the elephant was quickly buried by forest officials "without verifying the foot prints, dimensions and other identifying marks that were the same as 'Osama's. 'They have killed an innocent elephant. It is an eye wash and shame on the part of the forest officials in Assam,'" according to wildlife conservationist Soumyadeep Dutta.<ref name="reuters2">{{cite news |title="Osama Bin Laden" shot dead in India |url=http://news.asiantown.net/r/1958/-osama-bin-laden--shot-dead-in-india |date=17 December 2006 |newspaper=today.reuters.comft |location=Guwahati, India |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=3 January 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103181206/http://news.asiantown.net/r/1958/-osama-bin-laden--shot-dead-in-india |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

==Other elephants==
[[File:A herd of wild elephants in a Tea Garden.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|A herd of wild elephants in an elephant-friendly tea garden in India]]
After the [[September 11 attacks]] in the United States, villagers in Assam started calling elephants which damaged their crops or homes Osama bin Laden, viewing them as terrorists.{{efn-ua|"Post 9/11, villagers across Assam have started naming any elephant they suspect of bringing down their homes or feasting on crops as Laden, viewing such [[Pachydermata|pachyderms]] as terrorists," according to Kushal Konwar Sharma, an elephant expert and teacher at the College of Veterinary Science in Gauhati.<ref name="WAFF"/>}} In 2008, another elephant also named "Osama bin Laden" – that caused more than 11 fatalities and dozens of injuries – was shot dead in [[Jharkhand]].{{efn-ua|"The wild male elephant had been terrorizing villagers in two states, destroying their crops and homes."<ref name="Calgary">{{cite news |title=Indian police track down and kill 'Osama bin Laden' {{mdash}} the elephant |newspaper=[[The Calgary Herald]] |date=1 June 2008 |url=http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=260adced-0e25-4425-ae7e-5bcfcb4d56a1 |publisher=CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-date=2 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302184946/http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=260adced-0e25-4425-ae7e-5bcfcb4d56a1 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}{{efn-ua|"Yes, Osama has finally been killed and it took us 20 bullets to silence him", Ranjan told Reuters.<ref name="Calgary"/><ref name="reuters"/>}}<ref name="reuters">{{cite news |title=Killer elephant "Osama" shot dead in Jharkhand |location=Patna, India |date=31 May 2008 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-33839920080531 |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102183626/http://in.reuters.com/article/2008/05/31/idINIndia-33839920080531 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another, known as "Laden", killed 5 people before being caught and dying in captivity in 2019.<ref name="foxnews">[https://www.foxnews.com/world/usama-bin-laden-elephant-india-captivity-dies Elephant, named Usama bin Laden, dies in captivity after killing 5 villagers in India, officials say], foxnews.com. Accessed 31 December 2023.</ref>

In early January 2026, for just over a week, a single-tusked bull elephant in the [[West Singhbhum]] district of Jharkhand killed at least 22 people. The elephant tracked across the [[Chaibasa]] and [[Kolhan division|Kolhan]] forest divisions before evading capture and entering neighboring [[Odisha]], initiating a multi-state search operation for the animal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jharkhand: Wild elephant kills 20 in India state |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn0ygqjvq1ko|publisher=[[BBC]] |website=www.bbc.com |access-date=15 January 2026 |date=12 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.the-sun.com/news/15798930/elephant-kills-22-people-villagers-sleep-roofs/ |title=KILLING SPREE Rampaging elephant kills 22 people in 9 days as terrified villagers forced to sleep on roofs with beast still on the run |newspaper=[[The Sun (United Kingdom)#The U.S. Sun|The U.S. Sun]] |quote=A forest officer said the elephant attacked so brutally it resulted in nearly two dozen casualties |first1=Jeylin |last1=Mehmet |date=18 January 2026}}</ref> As of January 18, the rogue single tusker is still at large, despite hundreds of specialists attempting to hunt it down.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/rogue-jumbo-outpacing-us-not-afraid-of-crackers-and-torches/articleshow/126624458 |title=“Rogue jumbo outpacing us: Not afraid of crackers and torches: On the trail of a killer elephant that shows no fear” |date=January 18, 2026 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=January 18, 2026|first1=Jitendra Prasad |last1=Singh}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Human-elephant conflict]]
* [[List of individual elephants]]
* [[Osama bin Laden in popular culture]]
* [[Musth]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web |title=5 Terrifying Serial Killers Who Happened to Be Animals |first1=Robert |last1=Evans |first2=Jacopo |last2=della Quercia |date=27 March 2012 |url=http://www.cracked.com/article_19737_5-terrifying-serial-killers-who-happened-to-be-animals.html |accessdate=3 January 2015}}
*[http://content.usatoday.com/_common/_scripts/big_picture.aspx?width=490&height=368&storyURL=/news/offbeat/2006-12-18-killer-elephant_x.htm&imageURL=http://images.usatoday.com/news/_photos/2006/12/18/elephant-large.jpg Photo of elephant Osama Bin Laden (slain)] [[USA Today]]

[[Category:2006 animal deaths]]
[[Category:Animal attacks in India]]
[[Category:Animal rights]]
[[Category:Cruelty to animals]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in India]]
[[Category:Elephant attacks]]
[[Category:Individual Asian elephants]]
[[Category:Individual elephants in India]]
[[Category:Individual wild animals]]
[[Category:Sonitpur district]]

Manorama School of Communication

2026-05-03T12:21:31Z

Saurabhoaoindia: new.

{{Short description|Journalism school in Kottayam, India}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Manorama School of Communication
| image_name = File:Mascom logo 1.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| director = K. Thomas Oommen
| city = [[Kottayam]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| location =
| motto = ''Training tomorrow's journalists''
| website = [https://www.manoramajschool.com/ manoramajschool.com]
}}

'''Manorama School of Communication''', also known as '''MASCOM''', is a [[journalism school]] in [[Kottayam]], India. Established in 2002 by [[K. M. Mathew]] with the support of [[Malayala Manorama|Manorama group]], it offers [[postgraduate diploma]] courses in [[print journalism|print]] and [[broadcast journalism]].

Educator and journalist K. Thomas Oommen worked as the director of the institute since its establishment until his retirement in July 2021. He has also designed the programme for the print course. The broadcast journalism course was introduced later in 2015.

Over the years, Manorama School of Communication has been listed as one of the best [[List of journalism schools in Asia#India|journalism schools in India]] by several [[media outlets]]. Observers have chiefly praised the institute for its infrastructure and focus on academic aspects of journalism.

==History==
Journalist and chief-editor of [[Kottayam]]-based daily ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' [[K. M. Mathew]] wanted to set up a media school which taught journalism with a "hands-on and no-nonsense approach and without frills and hype".<ref name="km">{{cite web |title=India's Best Mass Comm Colleges 2018|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/bestcolleges/2018/ranks/1792408?page=9 |website=[[India Today]] |accessdate=7 April 2019 |date=7 July 2014}}</ref> His plans materialised when, with the support of the Manorama group as he established the Manorama School of Communication (MASCOM) in 2002 in [[Kottayam|Erayil Kadavu]], Kottayam, around 500 meters south of the ''Malayala Manorama'' head office. The institute was inaugurated later that year by the-then Chief Minister of [[Kerala]], [[A. K. Antony]].<ref name="km"/><ref name="hindu">{{cite web |last1=Karakonam |first1=Gopakumar |title=Q & A on Journalism |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/education/q-a-on-journalism/article6347082.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=3 April 2019 |date=24 August 2014}}</ref>

==Academics==

Manorama School of Communication offers training in both print and broadcast journalism in [[English language|English]] and [[Malayalam]] languages. The print course was designed by journalist and [[teacher|educator]] K. Thomas Oommen, who has served as the director of the institute since its inception in 2002.<ref name="kamanthi">{{cite web |title=Daily Mirror's Kamanthi heads to MASCOM in India for post graduate course |url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/190106/news/daily-mirrors-kamanthi-heads-to-mascom-in-india-for-post-graduate-course-328713.html |website=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|The Sunday Times]] |accessdate=3 April 2019 |date=6 January 2019}}</ref> The course, its design and modules, have often been highlighted as amongst the best in India by various media outlets such as the ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' magazine.<ref name="outlook 2019"/>

The broadcast course, also taught in both English and Malayalam languages, was introduced later in 2015. Journalists [[Andur Sahadevan]] and A. Ravi Shankar, who is also the associate director for the institute, teach the broadcast module.<ref name="yt"/>

Manorama School of Communication also has a student exchange programme with the [[Lakshman Kadirgamar|Lakshman Kadirgamar Foundation]], The Editors’ Guild of Sri Lanka, and the Sri Lanka Press Institute. The student topping the print course gets an opportunity to work in [[Sri Lanka]] as part of the programme, while a student from Sri Lanka also gets a six month training at the institute alongside the students of the print course.<ref name="kamanthi"/>

===Academic awards===
Manorama School of Communication presents annual awards to its students for academic excellence. The [[K. C. Mammen Mappillai|K. C. Mammen Mappillai Award]] is presented to the overall best student from both the print and broadcast courses, while the a student each from print and broadcast respectively are also presented with the Malayala Manorama Chief Editor's Award.<ref name="yt">{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=VDn8HwUr3SU&feature=youtu.be|title=മാസ്കോം 17ാം ബിരുദധാന ചടങ്ങ് നടന്നു Convocation|website=[[Malayala Manorama]]|via=[[YouTube]]|date=22 May 2019|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref>

==Rankings==
Manorama School of Communication has been included in the various media outlets' lists of top journalism schools in India; these are listed below in the order of rank.

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
{| class="collapsible"
! style="width:14em; background:#FFD700; text-align:left"| 2014<ref name="hindu"/><ref>{{cite web |title=The Edutainment Awards: MICA ranked top ad school; SIMC, Northpoint follow |url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/the-edutainment-awards-mica-ranked-top-ad-school-simc-northpoint-follow/420744 |website=Campaign India |accessdate=3 April 2019 |date=29 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10: Other Professional Colleges |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/top-10-other-professional-colleges/291206 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |accessdate=3 April 2019 |date=7 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=2|
* No. 2 The Edutainment Awards
* No. 7 ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]''
*  – ''[[The Hindu]]''
|}
{{Col-break}}
{| class="collapsible"
! style="width:14em; background:#FFD700; text-align:left"| 2017<ref name="outlook 2017">{{cite web |title=Top 10 Mass Comm Colleges in 2017 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/top-mass-comm-colleges-in-2017/298920|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |accessdate=3 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=2|
* No. 8 ''Outlook''
|}
{{Col-break}}
{| class="collapsible"
! style="width:14em; background:#FFD700; text-align:left"| 2018<ref name="km"/><ref name="outlook 2018">{{cite web |title=Top 10 Mass Comm Colleges in 2018|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/top-15-mass-comm-colleges-in-2018/300185|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |accessdate=3 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="jagran">{{cite web |title=Journalism and Mass Communication Colleges in Kerala|url=https://m.jagranjosh.com/institutes-colleges/journalism-mass-communication-colleges-in-kerala|website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=2|
*No. 4 ''[[Dainik Jagran]]''
*No. 9 ''Outlook''
*No. 10 ''[[India Today]]''
|}
{{Col-break}}
{| class="collapsible"
! style="width:14em; background:#FFD700; text-align:left"| 2019<ref name="outlook 2019">{{cite web |title=Top 25 Mass Comm Colleges in 2019
|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/business-news-top-15-mass-comm-in-2019/301758|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|accessdate=6 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="it2019">{{cite web |title=India's Best Mass Comm Colleges 2019
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/bestcolleges/2019/ranks/1807538?page=10|website=[[India Today]] |accessdate=6 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=2|
*No. 9 ''Outlook''
*No. 12 ''India Today''
|}

{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
*[https://www.manoramajschool.com/ Official website]

{{coord missing|India}}

{{authority control}}

{{morecat|date=May 2026}}
[[Category:Journalism schools in India]]
[[Category:Kottayam]]
[[Category:Journalism schools]]

Aṅgulimāla

2026-04-25T16:24:01Z

Saurabhoaoindia: made some details from scratch

{{short description|Important figure in early Buddhism seen as an example of the redemptive power of Buddhism}}
{{About|the Buddhist figure||Angulimala (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|religion = [[Buddhism]]
|name = Aṅgulimāla
|image = [[File:The Buddha teaches Angulimala.jpg|frameless|upright=1.2]]
|caption = Angulimala chases Gautama Buddha
|alias = Ahiṃsaka, Gagga Mantānīputta
|dharma name =
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[Savatthi|Sāvatthī]], [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]] or [[Anga|Aṅga]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|school =
|lineage =
|title =
|location =
|education = [[Taxila]]
|teacher = [[Buddha]]
|reincarnation of =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|students =
|spouse =
|partner =
|children =
|website =
}}

{{ Infobox Buddhist term
| title = Aṅgulimāla
| en = lit. 'finger necklace' ('he who wears fingers as a necklace')
| pi = Aṅgulimāla
| sa = Aṅgulimāliya, Aṅgulimālya<ref name="Buswell 2013" />
| bn =
| my = အင်္ဂုလိမာလ
| my-Latn = ʔɪ̀ɰ̃ɡṵlḭmàla̰
| zh = 央掘魔羅
| zh-Latn = Yāngjuémóluó
| ja =
| ja-Latn = Ōkutsumara
| km = អង្គុលីមាល៍<br />(Ankulimea)
| ko =
| ko-Latn = Anggulmara
| mnw =
| mnw-Latn =
| shn =
| shn-Latn =
| si = අංගුලිමාල
| si-Latn =
| ta =
| th = องคุลิมาล, องคุลีมาล
| th-Latn = Ongkhuliman
| bo =
| bo-Latn = Sor mo phreng ba
| vi = Ương-quật-ma-la
| id =
}}
'''Aṅgulimāla''' ([[Pali]]; <small>{{lit|finger necklace}}</small>)<ref name="Buswell 2013">{{cite book|last1=Buswell|first1=Robert E. Jr.|author1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|last2=Lopez|first2=Donald S. Jr.|author2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|date=2013|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-691-15786-3|chapter-url=http://www.daophatngaynay.com/vn/files/file-nen/Princeton_Dictionary_of_Buddhism_890707662.pdf|chapter=Aṅgulimāla}}</ref>{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=135 n.1}} is an important figure in [[Buddhism]], particularly within the [[Theravada|Theravāda]] tradition. Depicted as a ruthless [[brigand]] who completely transforms after a conversion to Buddhism, he is seen as the example par excellence of the redemptive power of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]'s teaching and the Buddha's skill as a teacher. Aṅgulimāla is seen by Buddhists as the "patron saint" of childbirth and is associated with fertility in South and Southeast Asia.

Aṅgulimāla's story can be found in numerous sources in [[Pāli]], Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese. Aṅgulimāla is born Ahiṃsaka. He grows up as an intelligent young man in [[Savatthi|Sāvatthī]], and during his studies becomes the favorite student of his teacher. However, out of jealousy, fellow students set him up against his teacher. In an attempt to get rid of Aṅgūlimāla, the teacher sends him on a deadly mission to find a thousand human fingers to complete his studies. Trying to accomplish this mission, Aṅgulimāla becomes a cruel brigand, killing many and causing entire villages to emigrate. Eventually, this causes the king [[Pasenadi]], to send an army to catch the killer. Meanwhile, Aṅgulimāla's mother attempts to interfere, almost causing her to be killed by her son as well. The Buddha manages to prevent this, however, and uses [[ṛddhi|his power]] and teachings to bring Aṅgulimāla to the right path. Aṅgulimāla becomes a follower of the Buddha, and to the surprise of the king and others, becomes a monk under his guidance. Villagers are still angry with Aṅgulimāla, but this is improved somewhat when Aṅgulimāla helps a mother with childbirth through an [[sacca-kiriya|act of truth]].

Scholars have theorized that Aṅgulimāla may have been part of a violent cult before his conversion. Indologist [[Richard Gombrich]] has suggested that he was a follower of an early form of [[Tantra]], but this claim has been challenged by several scholars.{{sfn|Mudagamuwa|Von Rospatt|1998|pp=170{{en dash}}3}}<ref name="Cousins" /> Buddhists consider Aṅgulimāla a symbol of spiritual transformation, and his story a lesson that everyone can change their life for the better, even the least likely people. This inspired the official Buddhist prison chaplaincy in the UK to name their organization after him. Moreover, Aṅgulimāla's story is referred to in scholarly discussions of justice and [[rehabilitation (penology)|rehabilitation]], and is seen by theologian John Thompson as a good example of coping with [[moral injury]] and an [[ethics of care]]. Aṅgulimāla has been the subject of movies and literature, with a [[Angulimala (2003 film)|Thai movie of the same name]] choosing to depict him following the earliest sources, and the book ''The Buddha and the Terrorist'' by [[Satish Kumar]] adapting the story as a [[ahimsa|non-violent]] response to the [[Global War on Terror]].

== Textual sources and epigraphical findings ==
[[File:Angulimala and The Buddha.jpg|thumb|Sculpture of Aṅgulimāla in [[Bandarban]], [[Bangladesh]]]]
The story of Aṅgulimāla is most well known in the [[Theravada|Theravāda]] tradition.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=161}} Two texts in the [[Pali canon|early discourses]] in the [[Pāli language]] are concerned with Aṅgulimāla's initial encounter with the Buddha and his conversion, and are believed to present the oldest version of the story.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=137}}{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=162}}{{refn|group=note|In comparison, in 1994 scholars dated the life of the Buddha between the 5th and 4th century BCE.<ref>{{cite book|last=Norman |first=K.R. |author-link=K.R. Norman |title=A Philological Approach to Buddhism: The Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai Lectures |url=https://ahandfulofleaves.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/a-philological-approach-to-buddhism_norman_tbf_1997.pdf |year=1994 |publisher=[[School of Oriental and African Studies]], [[University of London]] |page=39 }}</ref>}} The first is the [[Theragatha|Theragāthā]], probably the oldest of the two,{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=161}} and the second is the Aṅgulimāla Sutta in the [[Majjhima Nikaya|Majjhima Nikāya]].{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=285}} Both offer a short description of Aṅgulimāla's encounter with the Buddha, and do not mention much of the background information later incorporated into the story (such as Aṅgulimāla being placed under oath by a teacher).{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=288}}{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=161}} Apart from the Pāli texts, the life of Aṅgulimāla is also described in Tibetan and Chinese texts which originate from Sanskrit.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=288}}{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=162}} The Sanskrit collection called [[Āgama (Buddhism)#Saṃyukta Āgama|Saṃyuktāgama]] from the early [[Mulasarvastivada|Mūlasārvastivāda]] school, has been [[Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō|translated in two Chinese texts]] (in the 4th{{en dash}}5th century CE) by the early [[Sarvāstivāda]] and [[Kāśyapīya]] schools and also contains versions of the story.{{sfn|Zin|2005|page=707}}{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=162}}{{sfn|Analayo|2008|p=135}} A text translated in Chinese from the Sanskrit [[Ekottara Agama|Ekottara Agāma]] by the [[Mahasamghika|Mahāsaṃghika]] school is also known. Furthermore, three other Chinese texts dealing with Aṅgulimāla have also been found, of unknown origin but different from the first three Chinese texts.{{sfn |Bareau |1986 |page=655 }}

Apart from these early texts, there are also later renderings, which appear in the commentary to the [[Majjhima Nikāya]] attributed to [[Buddhaghosa]] (5th century CE) and the Theragāthā commentary attributed to [[Dhammapala|Dhammapāla]] (6th century CE).{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=288}} The two commentaries do not appear to be independent of one another: it appears that Dhammapāla has copied or closely paraphrased Buddhaghosa, although adding explanation of some inconsistencies.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=137}}{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=162}} The earliest accounts of Aṅgulimāla's life emphasize the fearless violence of Aṅgulimāla and, by contrast, the peacefulness of the Buddha. Later accounts attempt to include more detail and clarify anything that might not conform with Buddhist doctrine.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|page=176}} For example, one problem that is likely to have raised questions is the sudden transformation from a killer to an enlightened disciple{{em dash}}later accounts try to explain this.{{sfn |Bareau |1986 |page=654 }} Later accounts also include more miracles, however, and together with the many narrative details this tends to overshadow the main points of the story.{{sfn|Analayo|2008|p=147}} The early [[Pāli]] discourses ({{langx|pi|sutta|italic=yes}}) do not provide for any motive for Aṅgulimāla's actions, other than sheer cruelty.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=136}} Later texts may represent attempts by later commentators to "rehabilitate" the character of Aṅgulimāla, making him appear as a fundamentally good human being entrapped by circumstance, rather than as a vicious killer.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=141}}{{sfn|Kosuta|2017|p=36}} In addition to the discourses and verses, there are also [[Jātaka]] tales, the [[Milindapanha|Milindapañhā]], and parts of the [[vinaya Pitaka|monastic discipline]] that deal with Aṅgulimāla, as well as the later [[Mahavamsa|Mahāvaṃsa]] chronicle.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|pp=161–2}}

Later texts from other languages that relate Aṅgulimāla's life include the [[Avadāna]] text called Sataka,{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}} as well as a later collection of tales called ''Discourse on the Wise and the Fool'', which exists in Tibetan and Chinese.{{sfn|Analayo|2008|p=140}} There are also travel accounts of Chinese pilgrims that mention Aṅgulimāla briefly.{{sfn|Brancaccio|1999|page=105}} In addition to descriptions of the life of Aṅgulimāla, there is a [[Mahāyāna]] discourse called the [[Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra]], which Gautama Buddha addresses to Aṅgulimāla. This is one of the [[Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra]]s, a group of discourses that deal with the [[Buddha Nature]].<ref name="Buswell 2013" />{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=164}} There is another ''[[sūtra]]'' with the same name, referred to in Chinese texts, which was used to defend the Buddhist stance against alcoholic beverages. This text has not been found, however.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang-Toutain |first1=Françoise |title=Pas de boissons alcoolisées, pas de viande : une particularité du bouddhisme chinois vue à travers les manuscrits de Dunhuang |trans-title=No alcoholic beverages, no meat: one particular characteristic of Chinese Buddhism, seen through the manuscripts of Dunhuang |journal=[[Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie]] |date=1999 |volume=11 |pages=101{{en dash}}102, 105, 112{{en dash}}115 |doi=10.3406/asie.1999.1151 |language=fr |url=http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/asie_0766-1177_1999_num_11_1_1151.pdf |access-date=2021-03-16 |archive-date=2023-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201122939/https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/asie_0766-1177_1999_num_11_1_1151.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Apart from textual evidence, early [[epigraphic]] evidence has also been found. One of the earliest reliefs that depicts Aṅgulimāla dates from approximately 3rd century BCE.{{sfn|Zin|2005|p=709}}

== Story ==
=== Previous incarnations ===
The texts describe a previous incarnation before Aṅgulimāla met the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha Gautama]]. In this life, he was born as a man-eating king turned ''[[yaksha]]'' ({{langx|pi|yakkha|italic=yes}}, a sort of demon; {{langx|sa|yakṣa|italic=yes}}),{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}}{{sfn|Barrett|2004|page=180}} in some texts called [[Saudasa|Saudāsa]].{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=706}} Saudāsa develops an interest in consuming human flesh when he is served the flesh of a dead baby. When he asks for more, his subjects start to fear for their children's safety and he is driven from his own kingdom.{{sfn|Barrett|2004|page=181}}{{refn|group=note|The passage on eating dead babies can only be found in one Chinese version of the story, and may have been added in to criticize such practices in 5th-century China.{{sfn|Barrett|2004|page=181}}}} Growing into a monster, Saudāsa meets a deity that promises Saudāsa can retrieve his status as king if he sacrifices one hundred other kings.{{sfn|Barrett|2004|page=180}} Having killed 99 kings, a king called [[Sutasoma]] changes Saudāsa's mind and makes him a religious man, and he gives up all violence. The texts identify Sutasoma with [[bodhisattva#Early and Theravāda Buddhism|a previous incarnation]] of the Buddha,{{sfn|Barrett|2004|page=180}}{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=706}} and Saudāsa with a previous incarnation of Aṅgulimāla.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wilkens|first1=Jens|title=Studien Zur Alttürkischen Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā (2): Die Legende Vom Menschenfresser Kalmāṣapāda|trans-title=Studies of the Old Turkish Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā (2): The Legend of the Man-eater Kalmāṣapāda|language=de|journal=[[Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae]]|date=2004|volume=57|issue=2|page=169|doi=10.1556/AOrient.57.2004.2.1|jstor=23658630}}</ref>

According to the Ekottara Agāma, however, in a previous incarnation Aṅgulimāla is a crown prince, whose goodness and virtue irritate his enemies. When his enemies kill him, he takes a vow just before his death that he may avenge his death, and attain [[Nirvana (Buddhism)|Nirvana]] in a future life under the guidance of a master. In this version, the killings by Aṅgulimāla's are therefore justified as a response to the evil done to him in a past life, and his victims receive the same treatment they once subjected Aṅgulimāla with.{{sfn |Bareau |1986 |pp=656{{en dash}}7}}

=== Youth ===
[[File:Double-Headed Eagle Stupa at Sirkap 08.jpg|Remains of [[Taxila]], current-day Pakistan.|thumb|alt=Ruins]]In most texts, Aṅgulimāla is born in Sāvatthī,{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=706}}{{refn|group=note|In two of the early Chinese texts, Aṅgulimāla is born in [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]] or [[Anga|Aṅga]]. King Pasenadi does not make any appearance.{{sfn|Zin|2005|page=707}}{{sfn |Bareau |1986 |page=655 }}}} in the [[brahmin|brahman]] (priest) caste of the [[Garga (gotra)|Garga]] clan, his father Bhaggava being the chaplain of the [[Pasenadi|king of Kosala]], and his mother called Mantānī.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}} According to [[atthakatha|commentarial texts]], omens seen at the time of the child's birth (the flashing of weapons and the appearance of the "constellation of thieves" in the sky){{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}} indicate that the child is destined to become a brigand.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}}{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=138}} As the father is interpreting the omens for the king, the king asks whether the child will be a lone brigand or a band leader. When Bhaggava replies that he will be a lone brigand, the king lets him live.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=138}}

Buddhaghosa relates that the father names the child Ahiṃsaka, meaning 'the harmless one'.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}} This is derived from the word ''ahiṃsa'' (non-violence), because no-one is hurt at his birth, despite the bad omens.<ref name="Buswell 2013" /> The commentary by Dhammapāla states that he is initially named Hiṃsaka ('the harmful one') by the worried king, but that the name is later changed.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}}

Having grown up, Ahiṃsaka is handsome, intelligent and well-behaved.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}}{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=707}} His parents send him to [[Taxila]] to study under a well-known teacher. There he excels in his studies and becomes the teacher's favorite student, enjoying special privileges in his teacher's house. However, the other students grow jealous of Ahiṃsaka's speedy progress and seek to turn his master against him.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}} To that end, they make it seem as though Ahiṃsaka has seduced the master's wife.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}} Unwilling or unable to attack Ahiṃsaka directly,{{refn|group=note|[[Dhammapala|Dhammapāla]] states that Ahiṃsaka is as "strong as seven elephants", while another text states that the teacher worries his reputation will suffer if he is found to have murdered a student.{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=708}}{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|pp=138–9}}}} the teacher says that Ahiṃsaka's training as a true brahman is almost complete, but that he must provide the traditional final gift offered to a teacher and then he will grant his approval. As his payment, the teacher demands a thousand fingers, each taken from a different human being, thinking that Aṅgulimāla will be killed in the course of seeking this grisly prize.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}}{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=707}}{{refn|group=note|Some versions of the story mention hundred fingers, while others mention thousand.{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=708}}{{sfn|Analayo|2008|p=141}} Dhammapāla states that Aṅgulimāla is required to fetch a thousand fingers from right hands,{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=139}} seemingly unaware that this could be achieved by killing 200 people,{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=139}} or by taking the fingers from people who were already dead.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=176}} Buddhaghosa states, on the other hand, that Angulimāla is told to "kill a thousand legs", and gathers fingers only as an aid to keep an accurate count.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=142}}}} According to Buddhaghosa, Ahiṃsaka objects to this, saying he comes from a peaceful family, but eventually the teacher persuades him.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=139}} But according to other versions, Ahiṃsaka does not protest against the teacher's command.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}}

In another story version, the teacher's wife tries to seduce Ahiṃsaka. When the latter refuses her advances, she is spiteful and tells the teacher Ahiṃsaka has tried to seduce her. The story continues in the same way.<ref name="Buswell 2013" />{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=707}}

=== Life as a brigand ===
[[File:Ongkhuliman_(1962,_p_18).jpg|thumb|left|Ahiṃsaka becomes a highwayman named Aṅgulimāla, illustration by [[Hem Vejakorn]].]]
Following his teacher's bidding, Aṅgulimāla becomes a highwayman, living on a cliff in a forest called Jālinī where he can see people passing through, and kills or hurts those travelers.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lamotte|first1=Etienne|author-link1=Etienne Lamotte|title=History of Indian Buddhism: From the Origins to the Saka Era|date=1988|publisher=[[Université catholique de Louvain]], Institut orientaliste|isbn=906831100X|page=22}}</ref>{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}}{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}} He becomes infamous for his skill in seizing his victims.{{sfn|Wiltshire |1984|page=91}} When the people start to avoid roads, he enters villages and drags people from their homes to kill them. Entire villages become abandoned.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}}{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=139}} He never takes clothes or jewels from his victims, only fingers.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=139}} To keep count of the number of victims that he has taken, he strings them on a thread and hangs them on a tree. However, because birds begin to eat the flesh from the fingers, he starts to wear them as a [[Yagnopaveetham|sacrificial thread]]. Thus he comes to be known as ''Aṅgulimāla'', meaning 'necklace of fingers'.<ref name="Buswell 2013" />{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=139}} In some reliefs, he is depicted as wearing a headdress of fingers rather than a necklace.{{sfn|Brancaccio|1999|pp=108–12}}

=== Meeting the Buddha ===
[[File:054 Angulimala cannot Catch up with Buddha who ordains him and he becomes an Arahant (9270708415).jpg|thumb|Painting at Chedi Traiphop Traimongkhon Temple, [[Hat Yai|Hatyai]], Thailand|upright=0.9]]Surviving villagers migrate from the area and complain to [[Pasenadi]], the king of [[Kosala]].{{sfn|Wilson|2016|pp=293–4}}{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=140}} Pasenadi responds by sending an army of 500 soldiers to hunt down Aṅgulimāla.{{sfn|Loy|2009|p=1246}} Meanwhile, Aṅgulimāla's parents hear about the news that Pasenadi is hunting an outlaw. Since Aṅgulimāla was born with bad omens, they conclude it must be him. Although the father prefers not to interfere,{{refn|group=note|Buddhaghosa says he does not dare to, whereas Dhammapāla says he believes he has "no use for such a son".{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=140}}}} the mother disagrees.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|pp=293–4}}{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=140}}{{refn|group=note|Buddhologist [[André Bareau]] and theologian John Thompson have argued that the passage of the mother trying to interfere has been added to the original story later, but Asian Studies scholar Monika Zin notes that the mother already appears in early Buddhist art.{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=708}}{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=163}}}} Fearing for her son's life, she sets out to find her son, warn him of the king's intent and take care of him.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=163}}{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}} The Buddha perceives through [[abhinna|meditative vision]] ({{langx|pi|abhiññā|italic=yes}}) that Aṅgulimāla has slain 999 (almost 1000) victims, and is desperately seeking a thousandth.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=298 n.30}}{{refn|According to some versions, however, the Buddha hears about Aṅgulimāla from monks, who have gone for [[alms#Buddhism|alms round]] and have seen the complaining villagers at [[Pasenadi]]'s palace.{{sfn |Bareau |1986 |p=656 }}|group=note}} If the Buddha is to encounter Aṅgulimāla that day, the latter will become a monk and subsequently attain ''abhiññā''.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=298 n.30}} However, if Aṅgulimāla is to kill his mother instead, she will be his thousandth victim and he will be unsavable,<ref name="Buswell 2013" />{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=140}} since matricide in Buddhism is considered one of the [[Anantarika-karma|five worst actions a person can commit]].{{sfn|Kosuta|2017|pp=40–1}}{{sfn|Analayo|2008|p=146}}

The Buddha sets off to intercept Aṅgulimāla,{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}} despite being warned by local villagers not to go.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=136}}{{sfn|van Oosten |2008 |page=251 }} On the road through the forest of Kosala, Aṅgulimāla first sees his mother.<ref name="Buswell 2013" /> According to some versions of the story, he then has a moment of reconciliation with her, she providing food for him.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=183}} After some deliberation, however, he decides to make her his thousandth victim. But then when the Buddha also arrives, he chooses to kill him instead. He draws his sword, and starts running towards the Buddha. But although Aṅgulimāla is running as fast as he can, he cannot catch up with the Buddha who is walking calmly.<ref name="Buswell 2013" /> The Buddha is using some [[Ṛddhi|supernatural accomplishment]] ({{langx|pi|iddhi|italic=yes}}; {{langx|sa|ṛddhi|italic=yes}}) that affects Aṅgulimāla:{{sfn|Wiltshire |1984|page=91}}{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=162}} one text states the Buddha through these powers contracts and expands the earth on which they stand, thus keeping a distance of Aṅgulimāla.{{sfn|Analayo|2008|p=142}} This bewilders Aṅgulimāla so much that he calls to the Buddha to stop. The Buddha then says that he himself has already stopped, and that it is Aṅgulimāla who should stop:<ref name="Buswell 2013" />{{sfn|Mathers|2013|page=127}}
{{blockquote|I, Angulimala, am standing still ({{langx|pi|ṭhita|italic=yes}}), having for all beings laid aside the rod ({{langx|pi|daṇḍa|italic=yes}}); but you are unrestrained ({{langx|pi|asaññato|italic=yes}}) regarding creatures; therefore, I am standing still, you are not standing still.{{sfn|Wiltshire |1984|page=91}}}}
Aṅgulimāla asks for further explanation, after which the Buddha says that a good monk should control his desires.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|pp=162–3}} Aṅgulimāla is impressed by the Buddha's courage,{{sfn|Analayo|2008|p=145}} and struck with guilt about what he has done.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=177}} After listening to the Buddha, Aṅgulimāla reverently declares himself converted, vows to cease his life as a brigand and joins the [[Sangha|Buddhist monastic order]].{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=135}}{{sfn|Analayo|2008|pp=142–3}}{{sfn|van Oosten |2008 |page=252 }} He is [[upasampada|admitted]] in the [[Jetavana]] monastery.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=163}}

=== Life as a monk and death ===
[[File:Wat Pangla - 041 Angulimala (10684804324).jpg|thumb|Aṅgulimāla sitting down respectfully in front of the Buddha. Painting in Wat Pangla in [[Songkhla Province|Songhkla]], Southern Thailand|upright=0.5]]
Meanwhile, King Pasenadi sets out to kill Aṅgulimāla. He stops first to pay a visit to the Buddha and his followers at the Jetavana monastery.{{sfn |Bareau |1986 |p=655 }} He explains to the Buddha his purpose, and the Buddha asks how the king will respond if he were to discover that Aṅgulimāla had given up the life of a highwayman and become a monk. The king says that he would salute him and offer to provide for him in his monastic vocation. The Buddha then reveals that Aṅgulimāla is sitting only a few feet away, his hair and beard shaven off, a member of the Buddhist order. The king, astounded but also delighted, addresses Aṅgulimāla by his clan and mother's name ({{langx|pi|Gagga Mantānīputta|italic=yes}}) and offers to donate robe materials to Aṅgulimāla. Aṅgulimāla, however, does not accept the gift, because of an [[dhutanga|ascetic training]] he observes.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}}{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=707}}

In the end, the king chooses not to persecute Aṅgulimāla. This passage would agree with Buddhologist [[André Bareau]]'s observation that there was an unwritten agreement of mutual non-interference between the Buddha and kings and rulers of the time.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|pp=166–7}}

Later, Aṅgulimāla comes across a young woman undergoing difficult labor during a childbirth.{{refn|group=note|This passage does not appear in all versions of the [[Tripitaka|Tripiṭaka]].{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=707}}}} Aṇgulimāla is profoundly moved by this, and understands pain and feels compassion to an extent he did not know when he was still a brigand.<ref name="Langenberg" />{{sfn|van Oosten |2008 |page=252 }}{{sfn |Bareau |1986 |p=656 }} He goes to the Buddha and asks him what he can do to ease her pain. The Buddha tells Aṅgulimāla to go to the woman and say:
[[File:Ongkhuliman (1962, p 46).jpg|thumb|left|Aṅgulimāla made his "act of truth" to a pregnant woman, illustration by [[Hem Vejakorn]].]]
{{blockquote|Sister, since I was born, I do not recall that I have ever intentionally deprived a living being of life. By this truth, may you be well and may your infant be well.}}

Aṅgulimāla points out that it would be untrue for him to say this, to which the Buddha responds with this revised stanza:

{{blockquote|Sister, since I was born {{em|with noble birth}}, I do not recall that I have ever intentionally deprived a living being of life. By this truth, may you be well and may your infant be well.<ref name="Buswell 2013" /> [emphasis added]}}

The Buddha is here drawing Angulimala's attention to his choice of having become a monk,<ref name="Buswell 2013" /> describing this as a second birth that contrasts with his previous life as a brigand.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=293}}{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=136}} ''Jāti'' means birth, but the word is also glossed in the Pāli commentaries as [[gotra|clan or lineage]] ({{langx|pi|gotta|italic=yes}}). Thus, the word ''jāti'' here also refers to the lineage of the [[List of Buddhas|Buddhas]], i.e. the monastic community.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|pp=297–8 n.24}}

After Aṅgulimāla makes this [[sacca-kiriya|"act of truth"]], the woman safely gives birth to her child. This verse later became one of the [[paritta|protective verses]], commonly called the ''Aṅgulimāla paritta''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Swearer|first=D.K.|year=2010|title=The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|url=http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/The%20Buddhist%20World%20of%20Southeast%20Asia_Swearer.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316090358/http://ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/The%20Buddhist%20World%20of%20Southeast%20Asia_Swearer.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 16, 2015|isbn=978-1-4384-3251-9|page=253}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Buswell|first1=Robert E. Jr.|author1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|last2=Lopez|first2=Donald S. Jr.|author2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|encyclopedia=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|date=2013|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-691-15786-3|url=http://www.daophatngaynay.com/vn/files/file-nen/Princeton_Dictionary_of_Buddhism_890707662.pdf|title=Aṅgulimāla, Paritta, Satyāvacana}}</ref> Monastics continue to recite the text during blessings for pregnant women in Theravāda countries,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Appleton|first1=Naomi|title=Jataka Stories in Theravada Buddhism: Narrating the Bodhisatta Path|date=2013|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-4094-8131-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5f-SW_JUAZMC|page=141}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Eckel|first1=Malcolm David|author-link1=Malcolm David Eckel|editor1-last=Neville|editor1-first=Robert Cummings|editor1-link=Robert Cummings Neville|encyclopedia=Religious Truth: A Volume in the Comparative Religious Ideas|title=Epistemological Truth|date=2001|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|location=Albany|isbn=0-7914-4777-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LO3ajMpEa5YC|pages=67–8}}</ref> and often memorize it as part of monastic training.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=183}} Thus, Aṅgulimāla is widely seen by devotees as the "patron saint" of childbirth. Changing from a murderer to a person seen to ensure safe childbirth has been a huge transformation.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=285}}

This event helps Aṅgulimāla to find peace.<ref name="Langenberg">{{cite journal|last1=Langenberg|first1=Amy Paris|title=Pregnant Words: South Asian Buddhist Tales of Fertility and Child Protection|journal=History of Religions|date=2013|volume=52|issue=4|page=351|doi=10.1086/669645|jstor=10.1086/669645|s2cid=164088507}}</ref> After performing the act of truth, he is seen to "bring life rather than death to the townspeople"<ref name="Langenberg" /> and people start to approach him and provide him with [[alms#Buddhism|almsfood]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Parkum|first1=Virginia Cohn|last2=Stultz|first2=J. Anthony|editor1-last=Queen|editor1-first=Christopher S.|encyclopedia=Engaged Buddhism in the West|date=2012|publisher=[[Wisdom Publications]]|title=The Aṅgulimāla Lineage: Buddhist Prison Ministries|isbn=978-0-86171-841-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzY6AwAAQBAJ}}</ref>
[[File:Ongkhuliman (1962, p 47).jpg|thumb|Aṅgulimāla return to the monastery Jetavana with a bleeding head, torn outer robe and a broken alms bowl, illustration by [[Hem Vejakorn]].]]
However, a resentful few cannot forget that he was responsible for the deaths of their loved ones. With sticks and stones they attack him as he walks for alms. With a bleeding head, torn outer robe and a broken alms bowl, Aṅgulimāla manages to return to the monastery. The Buddha encourages Aṅgulimāla to bear his torment with equanimity; he indicates that Aṅgulimāla is experiencing the fruits of the karma that would otherwise have condemned him to [[Hell (Buddhism)|hell]].{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}}<ref name="Buswell 2013" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Harvey|first1=Peter|editor1-last=Powers|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Prebish|editor2-first=Charles S.|editor1-link=John Powers (academic)|encyclopedia=Destroying Mara Forever: Buddhist Ethics Essays in Honor of Damien Keown|date=2010|publisher=[[Snow Lion Publications]]|title=Buddhist Perspectives on Crime and Punishment|isbn=978-1-55939-788-9}}</ref> Having become an [[arahant|enlightened disciple]], Aṅgulimāla remains firm and invulnerable in mind.<ref name="Buswell 2013" /> According to Buddhist teachings, enlightened disciples cannot create any new karma, but they may still be subject to the effects of old karma that they once did.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Loy|first1=David R.|author-link1=David Loy|title=Awareness Bound and Unbound: Realizing the Nature of Attention|journal=Philosophy East and West|date=2008|volume=58|issue=2|page=230|doi=10.1353/pew.2008.0023|jstor=20109462|s2cid=411841}}</ref>{{sfn|van Oosten |2008 |page=252 }} The effects of his karma are inevitable, and even the Buddha cannot stop them from occurring.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Attwood|first1=Jayarava|title=Escaping the Inescapable: Changes in Buddhist Karma|journal=Journal of Buddhist Ethics|date=2014|volume=21|page=522|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280568215|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505204746/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jayarava_Attwood/publication/280568215_Escaping_the_Inescapable_Changes_in_Buddhist_Karma/links/55ba4a8908aed621de0acc62/Escaping-the-Inescapable-Changes-in-Buddhist-Karma.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2018|url-status=live|issn=1076-9005}}</ref>

After having admitted Aṅgulimāla in the monastic order, the Buddha issues a rule that from now on, no criminals should be accepted as monks in the order.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}}{{sfn|Kosuta|2017|p=42}} Buddhaghosa states that Aṅgulimāla dies shortly after becoming a monk.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}}{{sfn|Kosuta|2017|p=42}} After his death, a discussion arises among the monks as to what Aṅgulimāla's [[Buddhist cosmology|afterlife destination]] is. When the Buddha states that Aṅgulimāla has attained Nirvana, this surprises some monks. They wonder how it is possible for someone who killed so many people to still attain [[enlightenment (Buddhism)|enlightenment]]. The Buddha responds that even after having done much evil, a person still has a possibility to change for the better and attain enlightenment.{{sfn|van Oosten |2008 |pages=252{{en dash}}3 }}

== Analysis ==
[[File:Jetavana - Angulimala's Stupa, Shravasti (9237037673).jpg|thumb|Angulimala's Stupa, part of the [[Jetavana]] monastery at [[Shravasti]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India|upright=1.3]]

=== Historical ===
The giving of goodbye gifts to one's teacher was customary in ancient India. There is an example in the "Book of Pauṣya"{{refn|In Pausyaparvan, ''[[Mahabharata|Mahābharatha]]'' 1,3.|group=note}} of the Vedic epic ''[[Mahabharata|Mahābhārata]]''. Here the teacher sends his disciple Uttanka away after Uttanka has proven himself worthy of being trustworthy and in the possession of all the [[Veda|Vedic]] and [[Dharmashastra|Dharmashastric]] teachings. Uttanka says to his teacher:
{{blockquote|What can I do for you that pleases you ({{langx|sa|kiṃ te priyaṃ karavāni|italic=yes}}), because thus it is said: Whoever answers without [being in agreement with] the [[Dharma]], and whoever asks without [being in agreement with] the Dharma, either occurs: one dies or one attracts animosity.}}
Indologist Friedrich Wilhelm maintains that similar phrases already occur in the ''[[Manusmriti|Book of Manu]]'' (II,111) and in the ''Institutes of Vishnu''. By taking leave of their teacher and promising to do whatever their teacher asks of them, brings, according to the Vedic teachings, enlightenment or a similar attainment. It is therefore not unusual that Aṅgulimāla is described to do his teacher's horrible bidding—although being a good and kind person at heart—in the knowledge that in the end he will reap the highest attainment.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prüfung und Initiation im Buche Pausya und in der Biographie des Nāropa|language=de|trans-title=Test and Initiation in the Book Pauṣya and in the Biography of Nāropa|location=Wiesbaden|year=1965|page=11}}</ref>

[[File:Xuanzang w.jpg|alt=Chinese monk walking with large rucksack.|thumb|The idea that Aṅgulimāla was part of a violent cult was already suggested by the Chinese pilgrim [[Xuan Zang]] (depicted here).|upright=0.6]]Indologist [[Richard Gombrich]] has postulated that the story of Aṅgulimāla may be a historical encounter between the Buddha and a follower of an early [[Shiva|Saivite]] or [[Shakti]] form of [[tantra]].{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=151}} Gombrich reaches this conclusion on the basis of a number of inconsistencies in the texts that indicate possible corruption,{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|pp=144–51}} and the fairly weak explanations for Aṅgulimāla's behavior provided by the commentators.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|pp=136, 141}}{{sfn|Mudagamuwa|Von Rospatt|1998|p=170}} He notes that there are several other references in the early Pāli canon that seem to indicate the presence of devotees of [[Shiva|Śaiva]], [[Kali]], and other divinities associated with [[violence|sanguinary]] (violent) tantric practices.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|pp=155–62}} The textual inconsistencies discovered could be explained through this theory.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|pp=152–4}}

The idea that Aṅgulimāla was part of a violent cult was already suggested by the Chinese pilgrim [[Xuan Zang]] (602–664 CE). In his [[Great Tang Records on the Western Regions|travel accounts]], Xuan Zang states that Aṅgulimāla's was taught by his teacher that he would be born in the Brahma heaven if he killed a Buddha. A Chinese early text gives a similar description, stating that Aṅgulimāla's teacher followed the gruesome instructions of his guru, to attain immortality.{{sfn|Brancaccio|1999|pp=105–6}} Xuan Zang's suggestion was further developed by European translators of Xuan Zang's travel accounts in the early twentieth century, but partly based on translation errors.{{sfn|Mudagamuwa|Von Rospatt|1998|p=177 n.25}}{{sfn|Analayo|2008|pp=143–4 n.42}} Regardless, Gombrich is the first recent scholar to postulate this idea. However, Gombrich's claim that tantric practices existed before the finalization of the [[Suttapitaka|canon of Buddhist discourses]] (two to three centuries BCE) goes against mainstream scholarship. Scholarly consensus places the arising of the first tantric cults about a thousand years later, and no corroborating evidence has been found, whether textual or otherwise, of earlier sanguinary tantric practices.{{sfn|Mudagamuwa|Von Rospatt|1998|p=170}}{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|pp=152 n.7, 155}} Though Gombrich argues that there other, similar [[antinomian]] practices (going against moral norms) which are only mentioned once in [[Tipitaka|Buddhist scriptures]] and for which no evidence can be found outside of the scriptures,{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=152, 156}} Buddhist Studies scholars Mudagamuwa and Von Rospatt dismiss these as incorrect examples. They also take issue with Gombrich's metrical arguments, thus disagreeing with Gombrich's hypotheses with regard to Aṅgulimāla. They do consider it possible, however, that Angulimāla's violent practices were part of some kind of historical cult.{{sfn|Mudagamuwa|Von Rospatt|1998|pp=172–3}} Buddhist Studies scholar [[L. S. Cousins]] has also expressed doubts about Gombrich's theory.<ref name="Cousins">{{cite journal|last1=Cousins|first1=L. S.|author-link1=L. S. Cousins|title=Review of Richard F. Gombrich: How Buddhism began: the conditioned genesis of the early teachings, 1996|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|date=24 December 2009|volume=62|issue=2|page=373|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00017109|s2cid=161453683 }}</ref>

In the Chinese translation of the Damamūkhāvadāna by [[Hui Ch'ao|Hui-chiao]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Buddhism|title=Aṅgulimāla|volume=1|editor1-last=Malalasekera|editor1-first=G.P.|editor1-link=G. P. Malalasekera|editor2-first=W.G.|editor2-last=Weeraratne|year=2003|publisher=[[Government of Sri Lanka]]|oclc=2863845613|page=628}}</ref> as well as in archaeological findings,{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=706}} Aṅgulimāla is identified with the mythological Hindu king [[Kalmashapada]] or Saudāsa, known since Vedic times. Ancient texts often describe Saudāsa's life as Aṅgulimāla's previous life, and both characters deal with the problem of being a good ''brahman''.{{sfn|Zin |2005|page=706}}

Studying art depictions in the [[Gandhāra]] region, Archeologist Maurizio Taddei theorizes that the story of Aṅgulimāla may point at an Indian mythology with regard to a ''yakṣa'' living in the wild. In many depictions Aṅgulimāla is wearing a headdress, which Taddei describes as an example of [[dionysian]]-like iconography. Art historian Pia Brancaccio argues, however, that the headdress is an Indian symbol used for figures associated with the wild or hunting.{{sfn|Brancaccio|1999|pp=108–12}} She concurs with Taddei that depictions of Aṅgulimāla, especially in Gandhāra, are in many ways reminiscent of dionysian themes in Greek art and mythology, and influence is highly likely.{{sfn|Brancaccio|1999|pp=112–4}} However, Brancaccio argues that the headdress was essentially an Indian symbol, used by artists to indicate Aṅgulimāla belonged to a forest tribe, feared by the early Buddhists who were mostly urban.{{sfn|Brancaccio|1999|pp=115–6}}

=== Doctrinal ===
{{Quote box|border=2px|align=right|bgcolor = Cornsilk|title=Aṅgulimāla Sutta|halign=center|quote=<poem>A bandit I used to be,
renowned as Aṅgulimāla.
Swept along by a great flood,
I went to the Buddha as refuge...
This has come well & not gone away,
it was not badly thought through for me.
The three knowledges
have been attained;
the Buddha's bidding,
done.</poem>|{{hidden end}}|salign=right|author=transl. Thanissaro Bhikkhu, quoted in Thompson{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=163}}}}

Among Buddhists, Aṅgulimāla is one of the most well-known stories.{{sfn|Gombrich|2006|p=135}} Not only in modern times: in ancient times, two important Chinese pilgrims travelling to India reported about the story, and reported about the places they visited that were associated with Aṅgulimāla's life.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=163}} From a Buddhist perspective, Aṅgulimāla's story serves as an example that even the worst of people can overcome their faults and return to the right path.{{sfn|Harvey|2013|page=266}} The commentaries uphold the story as an example of good karma destroying evil karma.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}} Buddhists widely regard Aṅgulimāla as a symbol of complete transformation{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}} and as a showcase that the Buddhist path can transform even the least likely initiates.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor-last1=Juergensmeyer|editor-first1=Mark|editor-last2=Kitts|editor-first2=Margo|editor-last3=Jerryson|editor-first3=Michael|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence|date=2013|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-975999-6|page=58|title=Buddhist Traditions and Violence|last=Jerryson|first=Michael}}</ref> Buddhists have raised Aṅgulimāla's story as an example of the [[karuṇā|compassion]] ({{langx|pi|karuṇa|italic=yes}}) and supernatural accomplishment ({{langx|pi|iddhi|italic=yes}}) of the Buddha.{{sfn|Malalasekera|1960}} Aṅgulimāla's conversion is cited as a testimony to the Buddha's capabilities as a teacher,{{sfn|Analayo|2008|page=135}} and as an example of the healing qualities of the teaching of the Buddha ([[Dharma (Buddhism)|Dharma]]).{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=188}}

Through his reply, the Buddha connects the notion of 'refraining from harming' ({{langx|pi|avihiṃsa|italic=yes}}) with ''stillness'', which is the cause and effect of not harming. Furthermore, the story illustrates that there is spiritual power in such stillness, as the Buddha is depicted as outrunning the violent Aṅgulimāla. Though this is explained as being the result of the Buddha's supernatural accomplishment, the deeper meaning is that "... 'the spiritually still person' can move faster than the 'conventionally active' person". In other words, spiritual achievement is only possible through non-violence.{{sfn|Wiltshire |1984|page=91}} Furthermore, this stillness refers to the Buddhist notion of liberation from karma: as long as one cannot escape from the endless law of karmic retribution, one can at least lessen one's karma by practicing non-violence. The texts describe this as form of stillness, as opposed to the continuous movement of karmic retribution.{{sfn|Wiltshire |1984|page=95}}

=== Other ===
[[File:Nava Jetavana Temple - Shravasti - 004 King Pasenadi Planting the Ananda Bodhi Tree in Jetavana (9241772739).jpg|alt=Painting of king planting tree.|thumb|King [[Pasenadi]] planting a [[Bodhi Tree]] in honor of the Buddha.]]
The story of Aṅgulimāla illustrates how criminals are affected by their psycho-social and physical environment.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} [[Jungian analyst]] Dale Mathers theorizes that Ahiṃsaka started to kill because his [[meaning (psychology)|meaning system]] had broken down. He was no longer appreciated as an academic talent. His attitude could be summarized as "I have no value: therefore I can kill. If I kill, then that proves I have no value".{{sfn|Mathers|2013|page=127}} Summarizing the life of Aṅgulimāla, Mathers writes, {{nowrap|"[h]e is ... a figure}} who bridges giving and taking life."{{sfn|Mathers|2013|page=129}} Similarly, referring to the psychological concept of [[moral injury]], theologian John Thompson describes Aṅgulimāla as someone who is betrayed by an authority figure but manages to recover his eroded moral code and repair the community he has affected.<ref name="McDonald 2017" /> Survivors of moral injury need a clinician and a community of people that face struggles together but deal with those in a safe way; similarly, Aṅgulimāla is able to recover from his moral injury due to the Buddha as his spiritual guide, and a monastic community that leads a disciplined life, tolerating hardship.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=182}} Thompson has further suggested Aṅgulimāla's story might be used as a sort of [[narrative therapy]]<ref name="McDonald 2017">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=McDonald|first1=Joseph|editor1-last=McDonald|editor1-first=Joseph|encyclopedia=Exploring Moral Injury in Sacred Texts|date=2017|publisher=[[Jessica Kingsley Publishers]]|title=Introduction|isbn=978-1-78450-591-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-YpDgAAQBAJ|page=29}}</ref> and describes the ethics presented in the narrative as inspiring responsibility. The story is not about being saved, but rather saving oneself with help from others.{{Sfn|Thompson|2017|p=189}}

Ethics scholar [[David Loy]] has written extensively about Aṅgulimāla's story and the implications it has for the justice system. He believes that in [[Buddhist ethics]], the only reason offenders should be punished is to reform their character. If an offender, like Aṅgulimāla, has already reformed himself, there is no reason to punish him, even as a deterrent. Furthermore, Loy argues that the story of Aṅgulimāla does not include any form of [[restorative justice|restorative]] or [[transformative justice]], and therefore considers the story "flawed" as an example of justice.{{sfn|Loy|2009|p=1247}} Former politician and community health scholar [[Mathura Shrestha]], on the other hand, describes Aṅgulimāla's story as "[p]robably the first concept of transformative justice", citing Aṅgulimāla's repentance and renunciation of his former life as a brigand, and the pardon he eventually receives from relatives of victims.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shrestha|first1=Mathura P.|author-link=Mathura P. Shrestha|title=Human Rights including Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Theoretical and Philosophical Basis|url=http://cffn.ca/2007/01/human-rights-including-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-theoretical-and-philosophical-basis/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507182406/http://cffn.ca/2007/01/human-rights-including-economic-social-and-cultural-rights-theoretical-and-philosophical-basis/|archive-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|website=Canada Foundation for Nepal|access-date=4 May 2018|date=9 January 2007}}</ref> Writing about capital punishment, scholar Damien Horigan notes that [[rehabilitation (penology)|rehabilitation]] is the main theme of Aṅgulimāla's story, and that witnessing such rehabilitation is the reason why King Pasenadi does not persecute Aṅgulimāla.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Horigan|first1=D. P.|title=Of Compassion and Capital Punishment: A Buddhist Perspective on the Death Penalty|journal=The American Journal of Jurisprudence|date=1 January 1996|volume=41|issue=1|page=282|doi=10.1093/ajj/41.1.271}}</ref>

In Sri Lankan pre-birth rituals, when the Aṅgulimāla Sutta is chanted for a pregnant woman, it is custom to surround her with objects symbolizing fertility and reproduction, such as parts of the coconut tree and earthen pots.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Van Daele|first=W.|year=2013|title=Fusing Worlds of Coconuts: The Regenerative Practice in Precarious Life-Sustenance and Fragile Relationality in Sri Lanka|journal=The South Asianist|issn=2050-487X|url=http://www.southasianist.ed.ac.uk/article/view/85/123|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507182340/http://www.southasianist.ed.ac.uk/article/view/85/123|archive-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|volume=2|issue=2|pages=100, 102–3|access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref> Scholars have pointed out that in Southeast Asian mythology, there are links between bloodthirsty figures and fertility motifs.<ref name="Langenberg" />{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=289}} The shedding of blood can be found in both violence and childbirth, which explains why Aṅgulimāla is both depicted as a killer and a healer with regard to childbirth.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=289}}

With regard to the passage when the Buddha meets Aṅgulimāla, feminist scholar Liz Wilson concludes that the story is an example of cooperation and interdependence between the sexes: both the Buddha and Aṅgulimāla's mother help to stop him.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|pp=295–6}} Similarly, Thompson argues that mothers play an important role in the story, also citing the passage of the mother trying to stop Aṅgulimāla, as well as Aṅgulimāla healing a mother giving childbirth. Furthermore, both the Buddha and Aṅgulimāla take on motherly roles in the story.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=184}} Although many ancient Indian stories associate women with qualities like foolishness and powerlessness, Aṅgulimāla's story accepts feminine qualities, and the Buddha acts as a wise adviser to use those qualities in a constructive way.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|pp=185–6}} Nevertheless, Thompson does not consider the story feminist in any way, but does argue it contains a feminine kind of [[ethics of care]], rooted in Buddhism.{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=188}}

== In modern culture ==
[[File:Satish-Kumar-Jan-2008.jpg|alt=Man standing in forest|thumb|[[Satish Kumar]]|upright=0.8]]
Throughout Buddhist history, Aṅgulimāla's story has been depicted in many art forms,{{sfn|Analayo|2008|p=135}} some of which can be found in museums and Buddhist heritage sites. In modern culture, Aṅgulimāla still plays an important role.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=164}} In 1985, the British-born Theravāda monk [[Ajahn Khemadhammo]] founded Angulimala, a Buddhist Prison Chaplaincy organization in the UK.<ref name="Fernquest">{{cite news|last1=Fernquest|first1=Jon|title=Buddhism in UK prisons|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/learning-news/230872/buddhism-in-uk-prisons|via=Bangkok Post Learning|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180507183017/https://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/learning-news/230872/buddhism-in-uk-prisons|archive-date=2018-05-07|url-status=live|access-date=2 May 2018|work=[[Bangkok Post]]|date=13 April 2011}}</ref>{{sfn|Harvey|2013|p=450}} It has been recognized by the British government as the official representative of the Buddhist religion in all matters concerning the British prison system, and provides chaplains, counselling services, and instruction in Buddhism and meditation to prisoners throughout England, Wales, and Scotland.<ref name="Fernquest" /> The name of the organization refers to the power of transformation illustrated by Aṅgulimāla's story.{{sfn|Wilson|2016|p=286}}{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=164}}
According to the website of the organization, "The story of Angulimala teaches us that the possibility of Enlightenment may be awakened in the most extreme of circumstances, that people can and do change and that people are best influenced by persuasion and above all, example."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://angulimala.org.uk/the-story-of-angulimala/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727154909/https://angulimala.org.uk/the-story-of-angulimala/ |archive-date=27 July 2018 |url-status=live |title=The Story of Angulimala|date=5 February 2010 |publisher=Angulimala, the Buddhist Prison Chaplaincy|access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>

In popular culture, Aṅgulimāla's legend has received considerable attention. The story has been the main subject of at least three movies.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=164}} In 2003, Thai director [[Suthep Tannirat]] attempted to release a film named ''[[Angulimala (2003 film)|Angulimala]]''. Over 20 conservative Buddhist organizations in Thailand launched a protest, however, complaining that the movie distorted Buddhist teachings and history, and introduced Hindu and theistic influences not found in the Buddhist scriptures.<ref>{{cite news|first=Alongkorn|last=Parivudhiphongs|date=9 April 2003|title=Angulimala awaits fate|work=[[Asia Africa Intelligence Wire]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Plea against movie to go to Visanu|date=11 April 2003|work=[[Asia Africa Intelligence Wire]]}}</ref><ref name="Bangkok Post 2003" /> The [[Censorship in Thailand#Film|Thai film censorship board]] rejected appeals to ban the film, stating it did not distort Buddhist teachings. They did insist that the director cut two scenes of violent material.<ref>{{cite news|title=Buddhist groups want King to help impose ban on movie|date=9 April 2003|work=[[Asia Africa Intelligence Wire]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Wassayos|last=Ngamkham|date=10 April 2003|title=Censors allow film to be shown|work=[[Asia Africa Intelligence Wire]]}}</ref> The conservative groups were offended by the depiction of Aṅgulimāla as a brutal murderer, without including the history which led him to become such a violent brigand. Tannirat defended himself, however, arguing that although he had omitted interpretations from the commentaries, he had followed the early Buddhist discourses precisely.<ref name="Bangkok Post 2003">{{cite news|title=Movie based on Buddhist character needs new title|url=http://buddhistnews.tv/current/ongkulimal-020403.php|first=Wassayos|last=Ngamkham|work=[[Bangkok Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030404002110/http://buddhistnews.tv/current/ongkulimal-020403.php|archive-date=4 April 2003|url-status=dead|date=2 April 2003}}</ref> Tannirat's choice to only use the early accounts, rather than the popular tales from the commentaries, was precisely what led to the protests.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=164}}{{sfn|Thompson|2017|page=175 n.15}}
{{Quote box
|quote=Citizens, this is the first time I have come across a terrorist who sees the error of his ways and actually renounces crime ... As Angulimala changed from being a terrorist to a monk, I changed from being a giver of harsh punishments to a compassionate King. Yes, my citizens, I have seen a new light. I have changed ... It would be easy to declare the Buddha an accomplice and not only arrest Angulimala but also to arrest the Buddha himself—accusing him of being a protector of terrorists, of aiding and abetting terrorism. That would be easy. Neither the Buddha nor Angulimala have any defenses, whereas my army is well equipped—the strongest and most powerful. Yet now I see the world differently. I see we need more Buddhas and more monks rather than more soldiers, more police, more prisons.
| source = ''The Buddha and the Terrorist'', quoted in Thompson{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=168}}
|align = right
|width = 50%
| tstyle = text-align:left;
|qalign = left
|quoted = 1
| author = [[Satish Kumar]]
}}
Aṅgulimāla has also been the subject of literary works.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=168}} In 2006, peace activist [[Satish Kumar]] retold the story of Aṅgulimāla in his short book ''The Buddha and the Terrorist''. The books deals with the [[Global War on Terror]], reshaping and combining various accounts of Aṅgulimāla, who is described as a ''terrorist''.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=168}} The book emphasizes the passage when the Buddha accepts Aṅgulimāla in the monastic order, effectively preventing King Pasenadi from punishing him. In Kumar's book, this action leads to backlash from an enraged public, who demand to imprison both Aṅgulimāla and the Buddha. Pasenadi organizes a public trial in the presence of villagers and the royal court, in which the assembly can decide what to do with the two accused. In the end, however, the assembly decides to release the two, when Aṅgulimāla admits to his crimes and Pasenadi gives a speech emphasizing forgiveness rather than punishment.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=168}} This twist in the story sheds a different light on Aṅgulimāla, whose violent actions ultimately lead to the trial and a more non-violent and just society.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|p=169}} Writing about Buddhist texts and Kumar's book, Thompson reflects that ''ahiṃsa'' in Buddhism may have different shades of meaning in different contexts, and often does not mean passively standing by, or ''non-violence'' as usually understood.{{sfn|Thompson|2015|pp=172–3}}{{sfn|Thompson|2017|p=188}}

Finally, Angulimala is one of the protagonists in [[Karl Adolph Gjellerup|Karl Gjellerup's]] novel ''Der Pilger Kamanita'' (''The Pilgrim Kamanita'', 1906) where he recounts the story of his conversion to Vasitthi who joins the Buddhist order the following day after a profuse alms-giving and after attending the exposition of the Buddhist teaching in the [[Simsapa tree|Siṃsapa Grove]] in the city of [[Kosambi|Kosambī]].<ref>''[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14962 Der Pilger Kamanita: Ein Legendenroman]'' by Karl Gjellerup in [[Project Gutenberg]], chapters XXXIII. Angulimala, XXXV. Lautere Spende, XL. Im Krishnahain (German)</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Conversion of Paul the Apostle]] - a similar story from the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]]
* [[Sri Angulimala Maha Stupa, Sri Lanka]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation|author-link=Bhikkhu Analayo|first=Bhikkhu|last=Analayo|year=2008 |title=The Conversion of Angulimāla in the Saṃyukta-āgama|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=25|issue=2|pages=135–48|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v25i2.135}}
* {{citation |title=Etude du bouddhisme: Aspects du bouddhisme indien décrits par les pèlerins chinois (suite) II. La legende d'Angulimala dans les ancients textes canoniques |trans-title=Study of Buddhism: Aspects of Indian Buddhism as Described by the Chinese Pilgrims (continued), 2. The Legend of Angulimala in the Ancient Canonical Texts |first=André | last=Bareau |author-link=André Bareau |language=fr |journal=Annuaire du Collège de France 1985{{en dash}}86 |year=1986 |issue= 86 |pages=647{{en dash}}58 |issn=0069-5580}}
* {{Citation|last1=Barrett|first1=Timothy H.|title=The Madness of Emperor Wuzong|journal=[[Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie]]|date=2004|volume=14|pages=173–86|doi=10.3406/asie.2004.1206}}
* {{Citation|last1=Brancaccio|first1=Pia|title=Aṅgulimāla or the Taming of the Forest|journal=East and West|date=1999|volume=49|issue=1/4|pages=105–18|jstor=29757423}}
* {{Citation|url=https://discourse.suttacentral.net/uploads/default/original/2X/a/a0c37f5cdb8e3e2f9857cbe98b96eec29dcde361.pdf|last=Gombrich|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Gombrich|title=How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis of the Early Teachings|publisher=[[Routledge]]|orig-year=1996|year=2006|isbn=0-415-37123-6|edition=2nd|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093506/https://discourse.suttacentral.net/uploads/default/original/2X/a/a0c37f5cdb8e3e2f9857cbe98b96eec29dcde361.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation|last1=Harvey|first1=Peter|title=An introduction to Buddhism: teachings, history and practices|date=2013|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0-521-85942-4|edition=2nd|url=https://toleratedindividuality.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/an-introduction-to-buddhism-teachings-history-and-practices.pdf}}
* {{Citation|last=Kosuta|first=M.|year=2017|title=The Aṅgulimāla-Sutta: The Power of the Fourth Kamma|journal=Journal of International Buddhist Studies|volume=8|issue=2|pages=35–47|url=http://www.ojs.mcu.ac.th/index.php/JIBS/article/download/2305/1682}}
* {{Citation|url=http://law.slu.edu/sites/default/files/Journals/david_loy_article.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507175759/http://law.slu.edu/sites/default/files/Journals/david_loy_article.pdf|archive-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|last=Loy|first=D.R.|author-link=David Loy|year=2009|title=A Different Enlightened Jurisprudence?|journal=Saint Louis University Law Journal|pages=1239–56|volume=54}}
* {{Citation|last1=Malalasekera|author-link=G P Malalasekera|first1=G.P.|title=Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names|volume=1|year=1960|publisher=[[Pali Text Society]]|location=Delhi|url=http://palikanon.de/english/pali_names/ay/angulimaala.htm|oclc=793535195}}
* {{Citation|last1=Mathers|first1=Dale|editor1-last=Mathers|editor1-first=Dale|editor2-last=Miller|editor2-first=Melvin E.|editor3-last=Ando|editor3-first=Osamu|encyclopedia=Self and No-Self Continuing the Dialogue Between Buddhism and Psychotherapy|date=2013|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1-317-72386-8|pages=121–131|title=Stop Running|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WVpcAgAAQBAJ}}
* {{Citation|last1=Mudagamuwa|first1=Maithrimurthi|last2=Von Rospatt|first2=Alexander|title=Review of How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis of the Early Teachings|journal=[[Indo-Iranian Journal]]|date=1998|volume=41|issue=2|pages=164–179|jstor=24663383|doi=10.1163/000000098124992646|s2cid=170623031 }}
* {{Citation|last1=Thompson|first1=John|title=Ahimsā and its Ambiguities: Reading the Story of Buddha and Aṅgulimāla|journal=[[Open Theology]]|date=3 January 2015|volume=1|issue=1|pages=160–74|doi=10.1515/opth-2015-0005|doi-access=free}}
* {{Citation|last1=Thompson|first1=John|editor1-last=McDonald|editor1-first=Joseph|encyclopedia=Exploring Moral Injury in Sacred Texts|date=2017|publisher=[[Jessica Kingsley Publishers]]|title=Buddhist Scripture and Moral Injury|isbn=978-1-78450-591-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-YpDgAAQBAJ|pages=169–90}}
* {{Citation |last1=van Oosten |first1=Karel |title=Kamma and Forgiveness with some Thoughts on Cambodia |journal=Exchange |date=1 June 2008 |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=237{{en dash}}62 |doi=10.1163/157254308X311974}}
* {{Citation|last1=Wilson|first1=Liz|title=Murderer, Saint and Midwife|editor1-last=Holdrege|editor1-first=Barbara A.|editor2-last=Pechilis|editor2-first=Karen|encyclopedia=Refiguring the Body: Embodiment in South Asian Religions|date=2016|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|isbn=978-1-4384-6315-5|pages=285–300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=--nMDQAAQBAJ}}
* {{Citation|url=http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Ascetic%20Figures%20Before%20and%20in%20Early%20Buddhism_Wiltshire.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807081804/http://ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Ascetic%20Figures%20Before%20and%20in%20Early%20Buddhism_Wiltshire.pdf|archive-date=7 August 2015|url-status=dead|last1=Wiltshire|first1=M. G.|title=Ascetic Figures before and in Early Buddhism|date=1984|publisher=[[Mouton de Gruyter]]|isbn=3-11-009896-2|access-date=29 April 2018}}
* {{Citation|last1=Zin|first1=Monika|editor1-last=Jarrige|editor1-first=Catherine|editor2-last=Levèfre|editor2-first=Vincent|title=The Unknown Ajanta Painting of the Aṅgulimāla Story|date=2005|publisher=Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations|isbn=2865383016|pages=705–13|series=Proceedings of the sixteenth international conference of the European Association of South Asian Archaeologists: held in the Collège de France, Paris, 2–6 July 2001|volume=2|url=https://www.academia.edu/6115591|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430184729/https://www.academia.edu/6115591|archive-date=30 April 2021|url-status=live|access-date=30 April 2018}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/thag/thag.16.08.than.html Theragāthā], canonical [[Pāli]] verses about Aṅgulimāla, translated by [[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]]
*[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.086.than.html Aṅgulimāla Sutta: About Aṅgulimāla], translated from the Pāli [[sutra|discourses]] by [[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]]
* [https://dharma-documentaries.net/angulimala 2003 film about Aṅgulimāla]
*[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/hecker/wheel312.html Angulimala: A Murderer's Road to Sainthood], written by Hellmuth Hecker, based on Pāli sources
*[http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/angulimala6.pdf Angulimala], written by G.K. Ananda Kumarasiri

{{Nikaya}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Devipatan division topics}}

{{good article}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha]]
[[Category:Arhats]]
[[Category:Buddhism and violence]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Indian monks]]
[[Category:5th-century BC Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:People from Shravasti district]]
[[Category:People from Magadha]]
[[Category:Taxila Tehsil]]

Attari Sham Singh railway station

2026-04-20T05:21:16Z

Saurabhoaoindia:

{{Short description|Railway station in Punjab, India}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Attari Sham Singh Railway Station
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Attari Railway Station.JPG
| image_size =
| image_caption = Attari station looking towards Pakistan,<br/>with goods custom depot (left)
| address = Railways Road, [[Attari]] [[Village]], [[Amritsar district]], [[Punjab, India]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|31.5942|N|74.6068|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|231.52|m|ft}}
| line = [[Ambala–Attari line]]
| structure = Standard on ground
| platform = 3
| tracks = 4
| entrances =
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = No
| opened = 1862
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = ATT
| zone = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Firozpur}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Punjab
| map_dot_label = Attari railway station
| map_size = 300
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=Northern Railway zone|left=Khasa|right=|type=[[Ambala–Attari line]]}}
}}
'''Attari Sham Singh Railway Station''' is located in [[Amritsar district]] in the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and serves [[Attari]] and the [[Wagah]] border with [[Pakistan]].<ref>[http://www.railnews.co.in/railway-minister-urged-to-extend-rail-freight-corridor-to-attari/ Railway Minister urged to extend Rail Freight Corridor to Attari]</ref>

In May 2015, [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]] changed the name of station to Attari Sham Singh railway station after [[Sham Singh Attariwala]] who was general in the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref>[http://www.amarujala.com/chandigarh/atari-railway-station-now-change-by-punjab-government-hindi-news Attari railway station to Attari Sham Singh by Punjab Government]</ref>

Both Passport and visa are required to enter this station.

==The railway station==

Attari railway station is at an elevation of {{convert|231.52|m|ft}} and was assigned the code – ATT.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/attari-att/2700|title= Arrival at Attari|publisher= iniarailinfo.com| accessdate=1 February 2014}}</ref>

Attari is the last station in India on the [[Amritsar–Lahore line]].

==History==
The [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]] completed the [[Multan–Lahore–Amritsar line]] in 1865.<ref name=timeline>{{cite web |url=http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm |title=Indian Railway History timeline |author=R.P. Saxena |publisher=[[IRFCA]] |accessdate=2012-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120714085533/http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm |archivedate=14 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Amritsar–Attari section was completed on the route to Lahore in 1862.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php/Sind,_Punjab_and_Delhi_Railway|title=Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway |publisher= fibis| accessdate=1 February 2014}}</ref>

==Trans-Asian Railway==

Currently,{{when|date=February 2015}} all freight traffic originating from Asia destined for Europe goes by sea. The [[Trans-Asian Railway]] will enable containers from [[Singapore]], China, [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], India, [[Bangladesh]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] and [[Korea]] to travel over land by train to Europe. The Southern Corridor of the Trans-Asian Railway is of prime interest to India. It connects [[Yunnan]] in China and Thailand with Europe via Turkey and passes through India.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://streamlinesupplychain.wordpress.com/2007/12/27/trans-asian-railways-tar/|title = Trans-Asian Railway| publisher= Streamline Supply Chain| accessdate = 22 December 2011 }}</ref>

The proposed route will enter India through [[Tamu, Myanmar|Tamu]] and [[Moreh, India|Moreh]] in [[Manipur]] bordering Myanmar, then enter Bangladesh through {{stnlnk|Mahisasan}} and Shabajpur and again enter India from Bangladesh at [[Gede, Nadia|Gede]]. On the western side, the line will enter Pakistan at [[Attari]]. There is a {{convert|315| km}} missing link on this route in the India–Myanmar sector; of this, {{convert|180|km}}, in India, is between [[Jiribam]] in Manipur and Tamu in Myanmar. The rail link between Jiribam and [[Imphal]] has been sanctioned by [[Indian Railways]], but that is unlikely to be completed before 2016. At present construction work is in progress in a {{convert|97|km}} stretch between Jiribam and Tupul.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.lawrkhawm.com/index.php?page=475 | title = Agreement on Trans-Asian railway passing through Manipur signed | publisher = Larkhawm | accessdate = 22 December 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426065804/http://www.lawrkhawm.com/index.php?page=475 | archive-date = 26 April 2012 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://hindu.com/2007/07/01/stories/2007070150650900.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070812093328/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/01/stories/2007070150650900.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 12 August 2007 |title =India signs accord on trans-Asian railway network |date=1 July 2007| work = [[The Hindu]] | accessdate = 22 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=129648&date=2011-03-18 | title = B'desh segment of TAR route preparation shows progress | work = Financial Express | date = 18 March 2011 | accessdate = 22 December 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140219111626/http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=129648&date=2011-03-18 | archive-date = 19 February 2014 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110226/jsp/frontpage/story_13637652.jsp | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120919115055/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110226/jsp/frontpage/story_13637652.jsp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 19 September 2012 |title = Manipur gets rail gift for Trinamul bypoll win – Tall promises of connecting all capitals of region leaves Northeast industry captains unimpressed | work= The Telegraph |location=India|date=26 February 2011 | accessdate = 22 December 2011 }}</ref>

== Station layout ==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=400 valign=top|Exit/Entrance & ticket counter
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=6 valign=top|'''P1'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[foot overbridge|FOB]], <small>[[Side platform]], No-1 doors will open on the left/right</small>
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Track 1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=400|
|-
|'''Track 2'''
|{{0|→}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[foot overbridge|FOB]], <small>[[Island platform]], No- 2 doors will open on the left/right </small>
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|<small>[[Island platform]], No- 3 doors will open on the left/right</small>
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Track 3'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=400|
|-

|}

==Major trains==

Some of the important trains that runs from Attari are:

* [[Samjhauta Express]]
* [[Amritsar–Attari DEMU]]
* [[Jabalpur–Attari Special Fare Special]]
* [[Amritsar–Attari Passenger]]

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|Punjab|Trains}}}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Attari]]
* [[Indian Railways]]
* [[Wagah railway station]]
* [[Amritsar Junction railway station]]
* [[Northern Railway zone]]
* [[Ambala–Attari line]]
* [[List of railway stations in India]]
* [[India–Pakistan relations]]
* [[Transport between India and Pakistan]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Punjab (India)}}
{{Wikivoyage|Rail travel in India}}
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/attari-att/2700 Trains at Attari]
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Atari/@31.5946222,74.6063563,335m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x391972a7756f3f4f:0x359da4fa4da81d31!2sAtari!8m2!3d31.594661!4d74.607737!3m4!1s0x391972a7756f3f4f:0x359da4fa4da81d31!8m2!3d31.594661!4d74.607737|title=Attari Sham Singh railway station}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Wagah}}

{{Railway stations in the Punjab, India}}
{{India International Rail stations}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Amritsar district]]
[[Category:Firozpur railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1862]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in India]]

Foreign relations of Belarus

2026-04-18T01:15:04Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Made new entry and citations

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}

{{Politics of Belarus}}
The [[Byelorussian SSR]] was one of only two Soviet republics to be separate members of the [[United Nations]] (the other being the [[Ukrainian SSR]]). Both republics and the [[Soviet Union]] joined the UN when the organization was founded in 1945.

==Prior to 2001==
After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], at which time Belarus gained its independence, Belarus became a member of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] (CIS), the [[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe]] (OSCE), [[NATO]]'s [[Partnership for Peace]], the [[North Atlantic Cooperation Council]], the [[International Monetary Fund]], and the [[World Bank]]. The adoption by Supreme Council of the BSSR of the declaration of State Sovereignty of Belarus in 1990 was a turning point on the development of the state. It has also been [[Union State|in a supranational union with Russia]] since 2 April 1996, although this has had little practical effect. [[Belarus-Council of Europe relations]] are based on cooperation and it is not a member (like Russia).

===Belarus–Russia relations===
{{further|Foreign relations of Russia towards Belarus}}
The introduction of [[free trade]] between Russia and Belarus in mid-1995 led to a spectacular growth in bilateral trade, which was only temporarily reversed due to the [[1998 Russian financial crisis]]. President [[Alexander Lukashenko]] sought to develop a closer relationship with Russia. The framework for the Union of Russia and Belarus was set out in the Treaty on the Formation of a Community of Russia and Belarus (1996), the Treaty on Russia-Belarus Union, the Union Charter (1997), and the Treaty of the Formation of a Union State (1999). The integration treaties contained commitments to [[monetary union]], [[civil rights|equal rights]], single citizenship, and a common defence and [[foreign policy]].

===Belarus–European Union relations===
{{Main|Belarus–European Union relations}}
Following the recognition of Belarus as an independent state in December 1991 by the [[European Community]], EC/EU-Belarus relations initially experienced a steady progress. The signature of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) in 1995 signaled a commitment to political, economic and trade cooperation. Some assistance was provided to Belarus within the framework of the [[TACIS]] programme and also through various aid programs and loans. However, progress in EU-Belarus relations stalled in 1996 after serious setbacks to the development of democracy, and the [[Drazdy conflict]].

The EU did not recognize the 1996 constitution, which replaced the 1994 constitution. The [[Council of the European Union]] decided against Belarus in 1997: The PCA was not concluded, nor was its trade-related part; Belarusian membership in the [[Council of Europe]] was not supported; bilateral relations at the ministerial level were suspended and EU technical assistance programs were frozen.

Acknowledging the lack of progress in relation to bilateral relations and the internal situation following the position adopted in 1997, the EU adopted a step-by-step approach in 1999, whereby sanctions would be gradually lifted upon fulfillment of the four benchmarks set by the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]]. In 2000, some moderately positive developments toward the implementation of recommendations made by the OSCE AMG were observed but were not sufficient in the realm of access to fair and free elections.

According to the European Commission's website, as of 2025, "The EU has not yet ratified the bilateral Partnership and Cooperation Agreement concluded with Belarus in 1995, due to Belarus' lack of commitment to democracy, and political and civil rights. The bilateral trade and economic relations therefore remain covered by the [[EEC-Euratom-Soviet Union Agreement on trade and commercial and economic cooperation|Trade and Cooperation Agreement concluded by the European Community with the Soviet Union]] in 1989, and subsequently endorsed by Belarus."<ref>{{cite web | title=EU trade relations with Belarus | date=3 July 2024 | url=https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/belarus_en }}</ref>

===Belarus–United Kingdom relations===
{{Main|Belarus–United Kingdom relations}}
Belarus established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 27 January 1992.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Political Dialogue |url=https://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|website=[[Embassy of Belarus, London|Embassy of Belarus in the United Kingdom]]|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114101720/https://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|archive-date=14 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Belarus maintains an [[Embassy of Belarus, London|embassy]] in [[London]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web |author=Diplomat Magazine|date=20 May 2019|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/europe/belarus/|title=Belarus|website=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304223424/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/europe/belarus/|archive-date=4 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Belarus through its embassy in Minsk.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-minsk|title=British Embassy Minsk|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306110559/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-minsk|archive-date=6 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|author=[[HM Revenue and Customs]]|date=23 December 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/belarus-tax-treaties|title=Belarus: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306092224/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/belarus-tax-treaties|archive-date=6 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/456/belarus---united-kingdom-bit-1994-|title=Belarus - United Kingdom BIT (1994)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194051/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/456/belarus---united-kingdom-bit-1994-|archive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Belarus–United States relations===
{{Main|Belarus–United States relations}}

The United States has encouraged Belarus to conclude and adhere to agreements with the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) on the program of macroeconomic stabilization and related reform measures, as well as to undertake increased privatization and to create a favorable climate for business and investment. Although there has been some American direct private investment in Belarus, its development has been relatively slow given the uncertain pace of reform. An Overseas Private Investment Corporation agreement was signed in June 1992 but has been suspended since 1995 because Belarus did not fulfill its obligations under the agreement.

Belarus is eligible for [[Export-Import Bank of the United States|Export-Import Bank]] short-term financing [[insurance]] for U.S. investments, but because of the adverse business climate, no projects have been initiated. The IMF granted standby credit in September 1995, but Belarus has fallen off the program and did not receive the second tranche of funding, which had been scheduled for regular intervals throughout 1996.

The United States - along with the European Union - has restricted the travel of President Alexander Lukashenko and members of his inner circle, as well as imposing economic sanctions.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17941637|title=Belarus profile - Timeline|date=2016-09-20|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref>

===Belarus–Baltic relations===

{{Further|Belarus-Estonia relations}}, {{Further|Belarus-Latvia relations}}, {{Further|Belarus-Lithuania relations}}

==Present situation (2001 onwards)==
{{update|section|date=May 2021}}

===Relations with the European Union===
{{main|Belarus–European Union relations}}
The structure of Belarus trade reflects the low competitiveness and output decline of manufacturing industry in the country over the past decade, leading to the predominance of primary production, work-intensive goods as exports. Belarusian exports to the EU consist mainly of agricultural and textile products, while imports from the EU are primarily machinery.

Belarus is a beneficiary of the EU's Generalised System of Preferences (GSP). The European Commission decided in 2003 to initiate an investigation into violations of freedom of association in Belarus as the first step towards a possible temporary withdrawal of the GSP from Belarus.

In December 2004, the EU adopted a position aimed at imposing travel restrictions on officials from Belarus responsible for the fraudulent parliamentary elections and referendum on 17 October 2004, and for human rights violations during subsequent peaceful political demonstrations in [[Minsk]].
The [[European Parliament]] released a statement in March 2005 in which it denounced the Belarusian government as a dictatorship. The European parliamentarians were primarily concerned about the suppression of independent media outlets in the country and the fraudulent referendum. A resolution of the European Parliament declared that the personal bank accounts of President Lukashenko and other high-ranking Belarusian officials should be tracked and frozen.

In 2005, [[Amnesty International]] reported a ''pattern of deliberate obstruction, harassment and intimidation of human rights defenders'' in Belarus. [[Reporters Without Borders]] accused the Belarusian authorities of hounding and arresting journalists from the country's Polish minority. Lukashenko has closed the country's main Polish newspaper, printing a bogus paper instead with the same name and size that praises his incumbent government. Several foreign, mainly Polish, journalists have been arrested or expelled from the country. Lukashenko accused Poland of an attempt to overthrow his government by stirring up a peaceful revolution in Belarus comparable to the [[Orange Revolution]] in [[Ukraine]] in 2004.

Later in 2005 the Belarusian [[riot police]] seized the headquarters of the [[Union of Poles in Belarus]], an association representing the 400,000 [[ethnic minority]] Polish living in western areas the country that were part of Poland until [[World War II]]. The dispute between Poland and Belarus escalated further as Poland responded by recalling its ambassador from Belarus for indefinite consultations, and called on the European Union to impose sanctions on the Belarusian leadership in order to curtail the [[human rights]] abuses in Belarus. Belarusian papers described this as a 'dirty political game', and part of a 'cold war' waged on president Lukashenko. Polish Foreign Minister [[Adam Rotfeld]] said a clampdown was under way, aimed at destroying ''"all elements of political pluralism and independence"'' in Belarus.

[[File:European Union Eastern Partnership.svg|thumb|Members of the Eastern Partnership]]

In August 2005 the EU's executive commission called for human rights to be respected in Belarus. The commission said it was considering offering support to independent media in the country and had set aside more than eight million euros from its budget to offer support for human rights activities. France expressed her solidarity with Poland on the issue of human rights in Belarus a day after the EU declared it was worried about the situation in that country. Several former Soviet Republics, including neighbouring Ukraine, also expressed their concerns about the development of the situation in Belarus.

In May 2009 Belarus and the EU agree on cooperation in the [[Eastern Partnership]] (EaP). However, it is contended by some scholars that the (EaP) is unable to create a workable partnership.<ref name=Korosteleva2008>[[Elena Korosteleva]], "The Limits of the EU Governance: Belarus ' Response to the European Neighbourhood Policy", Contemporary Politics, Vol. 15(2), June 2009, pp. 229–45</ref> This proved to be correct when Belarus withdrew from the Partnership on 30 September 2011.<ref name="Belarus Withdrawal">[http://www.euractiv.com/europes-east/belarus-quits-eus-eastern-partnership-initiative-news-508050 Belarus quits EU's Eastern Partnership initiative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002084121/http://www.euractiv.com/europes-east/belarus-quits-eus-eastern-partnership-initiative-news-508050 |archive-date=2011-10-02|website=www.euractiv.com|access-date= 2011-10-30}}</ref>

In August 2012, Belarus expelled all [[Sweden|Swedish]] diplomats, including the Swedish Ambassador to Belarus, Stefan Eriksson, and closed its embassy in [[Stockholm]], after a Swedish [[public relations]] firm released [[teddy bear]]s carrying pro-democracy flyers in parachutes from an airplane over Minsk on 4 July 2012. Lukashenko also fired his air defence chief and the head of the border guards over the incident. Their replacements have been told not to hesitate to use force to stop future intrusions from abroad.<ref name="Belarus Sweden">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19176432 Belarus-Sweden teddy bear row escalates], ''[[BBC News]]'', 2012-08-08</ref>

===Relations with Russia===
{{main|Belarus–Russia relations}}
Russia remains the largest and most important partner for Belarus both in the political and economic fields. After protracted disputes and setbacks, the two countries' [[customs union|customs duties were unified]] in March 2001 but the customs controls were soon restored. In terms of trade, almost half of Belarusian export goes to Russia. Due to the structure of Belarusian [[Industrial sector|industry]], Belarus relies heavily on Russia both for export markets and for the supply of [[raw material]]s and components.

After initial negotiation with the [[Central Bank of the Russian Federation|Russian Central Bank]] on [[monetary union]], the [[Russian ruble]] was set to be introduced in Belarus in 2004, but this was postponed first until 2005, then until 2006, and now seems to have been suspended indefinitely.

===Relations with the United States===
{{Main|Belarus–United States relations}}
Belarus has had an ongoing discussion to relaunch IMF-backed reforms, concluding an arrangement for an IMF Staff-monitored program (SMP) in 2001. However, the authorities did not follow through with reforms as hoped, leaving an uncertain future for IMF-backed cooperation. Belarus authorities have said on several occasions that they find IMF intervention and recommendations in Belarus counter-productive to the economic development of those countries.
The relationships with the United States have been further strained, after [[Congress of the United States]] unanimously passed the [[Belarus Democracy Act of 2004]].

On 7 March 2008 the government of Belarus ejected US Ambassador [[Karen B. Stewart]] from the country, following a row over travel restrictions placed on President Lukashenko and sanctions against state-owned chemical company [[Belneftekhim]]. The Belarusian Foreign Ministry announced at the same time that it was recalling its own ambassador to the US. This was followed by the expulsion of ten other U.S. embassy staff from Minsk in late April. At the same time the government of Belarus ordered the U.S. Embassy in Minsk to cut its staff by half.<ref name="aljazeera1">{{Cite web
|url = http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2008/04/200861503523435683.html
|title = Belarus expels US diplomats
|access-date = 2009-01-02
|date= 1 May 2008
|publisher=Al Jazeera
}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news
|url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDA1E3FF936A15750C0A96E9C8B63
|title = Belarus: U.S. Cuts Embassy Staff
|access-date = 2009-01-02
|author=Michael Schwartz
|date = 25 March 2008
|work=The New York Times
}}</ref><ref name="moscowtimes1">{{Cite web
|url = http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/361246.htm
|title = U.S. Ambassador Leaving Belarus
|access-date = 2009-01-02
|author = Andrei Makhovsky
|date = 13 March 2008
|publisher = The Moscow Times.com
|archive-date = 5 September 2008
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080905104549/http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/361246.htm
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> A [[White House]] spokesman described the expulsion as "deeply disappointing".

===Relations with other countries===
Due to strained relations with the United States and the European Union, as well as occasional high-level disputes with Russia over prices on core imported natural resources such as oil and gas, Belarus aims to develop better relations with countries in other regions, like the Middle East, Asia, and [[Latin America]].<ref>Rafal Czachor, Polityka wielowektorowości Republiki Białoruś – geneza, podstawy konceptualne, przykłady realizacji, Wrocławski Przegląd Międzynarodowy, Vol. 1, 2011, pp.54-56, {{ISSN|1898-0317}}</ref>

====Hong Kong national security law====
Belarus was one of 53 countries that in June 2020 supported the [[2020 Hong Kong national security law|Hong Kong national security law]] at the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lawler |first1=Dave |title= The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong|url= https://www.axios.com/countries-supporting-china-hong-kong-law-0ec9bc6c-3aeb-4af0-8031-aa0f01a46a7c.html|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |access-date=3 July 2020 |language=en |date=2 July 2020}}</ref>

===Nuclear weapons offer===
In May 2023, the President of Belarus offered nuclear weapons to other countries who join Belarus and Russia.
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/28/europe/lukashenko-nuclear-weapons-belarus-russia-intl-hnk/index.html | title=Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko offers nuclear weapons to nations willing 'to join the Union State of Russia and Belarus' | website=[[CNN]] | date=29 May 2023 }}</ref>

==Diplomatic relations==
List of countries which Belarus maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Diplomatic relations of Belarus.svg|frameless|425x425px]]
|-
! # !! Country !! Date
|-
| 1|| {{flag|Ukraine}}|| {{dts|27 December 1991}}<ref name="Europe">{{cite web|title=European countries|url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/european-countries|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720122956/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/european-countries|archive-date=20 July 2019|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2
|{{flag|United States}}
|{{dts|28 December 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and United States|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/america/usa_canada/usa/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719230109/https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/america/usa_canada/usa/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|30 December 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarusian – Lithuanian political relations|url=https://lithuania.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|4
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{dts|9 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Australia|url=https://japan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/australia/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=7 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207105953/https://japan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/australia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 5|| {{flag|Mexico}}||{{dts|14 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Revista mexicana de política exterior|publisher=IMRED|year=1992|volume=34/35|pages=73|language=es}}</ref>
|-
|6
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|{{dts|14 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral dialogue|url=https://sweden.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=20 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720161949/https://sweden.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|7
|{{flag|China}}
|{{dts|20 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 January 2017|title=Cui Qiming: China and Belarus are close friends and sincere partners|work=Belarus.by|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/speeches-and-interviews/cui-qiming-china-and-belarus-are-close-friends-and-sincere-partners_i_0000051745.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729141352/https://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/speeches-and-interviews/cui-qiming-china-and-belarus-are-close-friends-and-sincere-partners_i_0000051745.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|8
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|{{dts|24 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political relations|url=https://mongolia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|9
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|{{dts|24 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political cooperation|url=https://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/vnpolitic/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622165716/https://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/vnpolitic/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|10
|{{flag|France}}
|{{dts|25 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bélarus - France|url=https://france.mfa.gov.by/fr/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|language=fr}}</ref>
|-
| 11|| {{flag|Japan}}||{{dts|26 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 November 2020|title=Belarusian ambassador attends meeting hosted by Japanese Prime Minister's national security adviser|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarusian-ambassador-attends-meeting-hosted-by-japanese-prime-ministers-national-security-adviser_i_0000122038.html|url-status=dead|access-date=29 July 2021|website=Belarus.by|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729141353/https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarusian-ambassador-attends-meeting-hosted-by-japanese-prime-ministers-national-security-adviser_i_0000122038.html}}</ref>
|-
|12
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|26 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=République Portugaise|url=https://france.mfa.gov.by/fr/bilateral_relations/portugal/|language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|13
|{{flag|Chile}}
|{{dts|27 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2022 |title=Национальные праздники |url=https://belta.by/socium/view/esli-rjabiny-mnogo-osen-budet-dozhdlivoj-narodnye-18-sentjabrja-524177-2022/ |access-date=29 May 2025 |website=belta.by |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|14
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{dts|27 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political Dialogue |url=https://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/ |access-date=29 July 2021 |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114101720/https://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 15|| {{flag|Egypt}}|| {{dts|1 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview by the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Belarus to the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sergei Rachkov, to the magazine "Diplomacy" (5th Issue, January-February 2017)|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/smi/c37dbda352471ca2.html|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 16|| {{flag|North Korea}}|| {{dts|3 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2021|page=6}}</ref>
|-
| 17|| {{flag|Denmark}}|| {{dts|4 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Dialogue|url=https://finland.mfa.gov.by/en/Belarus/Danmark/political_dialogue/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 18|| {{flag|Norway}}|| {{dts|4 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political dialogue|url=https://sweden.mfa.gov.by/en/norway/political_dialogue/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=20 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720152204/https://sweden.mfa.gov.by/en/norway/political_dialogue/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 19|| {{flag|Austria}}|| {{dts|5 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus — Austria|url=https://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/austria/politics/|access-date=27 July 2021|language=de|archive-date=1 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901013522/https://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/austria/politics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|20
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{dts|10 February 1992}}<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|title=Diplomatic relations between Belarus and ...|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=e&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Belarus%20and%20...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&ln=en&sf=title&so=a&rg=50&c=United%20Nations%20Digital%20Library%20System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0|access-date=31 July 2021|website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref>
|-
|21
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{dts|10 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 August 2012|title=Лихтенштейн сегодня отмечает День рождения Князя|work=Belta.by|url=https://www.belta.by/world/view/lihtenshtejn-segodnja-otmechaet-den-rozhdenija-knjazja-88327-2012|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|22
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{dts|10 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 February 2017|title=Leaders of ROK and Belarus Exchange Celebratory Messages to Mark 25th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do?seq=318098|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|23
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|{{dts|10 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2002|title=10-year anniversary of Belarus - Switzerland diplomatic relations|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/b46f5df587d12fb3.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130112133/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/b46f5df587d12fb3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|24
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{dts|12 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral relations|url=https://hungary.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/HUN/pol/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=18 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718050406/https://hungary.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/HUN/pol/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|25
|{{flag|Spain}}
|{{dts|13 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 August 2016|title=Belarus to open embassy in Spain|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-to-open-embassy-in-spain_i_0000044220.html|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729111626/https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-to-open-embassy-in-spain_i_0000044220.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 26|| {{flag|Romania}}|| {{dts|14 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dialogul politic|url=https://romania.mfa.gov.by/ro/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|language=ro|archive-date=12 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812112958/https://romania.mfa.gov.by/ro/bilateral_relations/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|27
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{dts|21 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the People's Republic of Bangladesh|url=https://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relation/bang/pol/|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|28
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{dts|26 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Relations|url=https://finland.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|29
|{{flag|Poland}}
|{{dts|2 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 December 2016|title=Belarus, Poland discuss political, trade and economic cooperation|work=Belarus.by|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-poland-discuss-political-trade-and-economic-cooperation_i_49926.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729120805/https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-poland-discuss-political-trade-and-economic-cooperation_i_49926.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|30
|{{flag|Greece}}
|{{dts|5 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus – Greece Relations|url=https://bulgaria.mfa.gov.by/bg/bilateral_relations/greece/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=24 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524084939/https://bulgaria.mfa.gov.by/bg/bilateral_relations/greece/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|31
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{dts|5 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral relations with Malaysia|url=https://indonesia.mfa.gov.by/en/malaysia/bilateral/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719134617/https://indonesia.mfa.gov.by/en/malaysia/bilateral/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|32
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{dts|10 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Politics|url=https://belgium.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729111547/https://www.belgium.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|33
|{{flag|Germany}}
|{{dts|13 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus — Deutschland|url=https://germany.mfa.gov.by/de/bilateral_relations/politics/|access-date=29 July 2021|language=de|archive-date=16 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816210409/https://germany.mfa.gov.by/de/bilateral_relations/politics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 34|| {{flag|Netherlands}}|| {{dts|24 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political contacts|url=https://netherlands.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185953/https://netherlands.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|35
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|{{dts|25 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Relations|url=https://turkey.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729111623/https://turkey.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|36
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{dts|26 March 1992}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)|url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc|language=bg}}</ref>
|-
|37
|{{flag|Israel}}
|{{dts|26 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral political relations|url=https://israel.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=16 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616220913/https://israel.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 38|| {{flag|Ireland}}|| {{dts|27 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political dialogue|url=https://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/ByIreland/politics/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729113125/https://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/ByIreland/politics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|39
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|{{dts|4 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=2 октября: этот день в истории|url=http://octmogilev.gov.by/content/view/9732/79/|access-date=30 July 2021|language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|40
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|6 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political relations|url=https://estonia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=22 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722163829/https://estonia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 41|| {{flag|Latvia}}|| {{dts|7 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarusian – Latvian Relations|url=https://latvia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625063228/https://latvia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 42|| {{flag|Cyprus}}|| {{dts|9 April 1992}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|43
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{dts|9 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Zealand|url=https://japan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/new_zealand/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527014454/https://japan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/new_zealand/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|44
|{{flag|Italy}}
|{{dts|13 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 April 2017|title=Belarus - a documentary and photo exhibition narrates 25 years of diplomatic relations between Italy and Belarus and their past and contemporary cultural relations|url=https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/bielorussia-una-mostra-fotografico.html|url-status=dead|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729111623/https://www.esteri.it/mae/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/approfondimenti/bielorussia-una-mostra-fotografico.html}}</ref>
|-
|45
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{dts|15 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and Canada|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/america/usa_canada/canada/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721005344/https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/america/usa_canada/canada/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|46
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|{{dts|16 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 October 2019|title=Belarus and Cuba Sign Agreements and a Joint Declaration|url=https://www.cubabusinessreport.com/belarus-and-cuba-sign-agreements-and-a-joint-declaration/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 47|| {{flag|Zimbabwe}}|| {{dts|16 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with the Republic of Zimbabwe|url=https://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/countries_of_accreditation/zimbabwe/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908153222/https://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/countries_of_accreditation/zimbabwe/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|48
|{{flag|India}}
|{{dts|17 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of India|url=https://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|49
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|{{dts|5 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2015|title=Belarus to boost exports to Ghana|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/business/business-news/belarus-to-boost-exports-to-ghana_i_0000018554.html|url-status=dead|access-date=29 July 2021|website=Belarus.by|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729141350/https://www.belarus.by/en/business/business-news/belarus-to-boost-exports-to-ghana_i_0000018554.html}}</ref>
|-
| 50|| {{flag|Morocco}}|| {{dts|8 May 1992}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|51
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|{{dts|25 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political cooperation|url=https://uae.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/Kuwait/politics/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729120806/https://uae.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/Kuwait/politics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|52
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|{{dts|25 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2012 |title=Республика Экваториальная Гвинея сегодня празднует День Независимости |url=https://www.belta.by/world/view/respublika-ekvatorialnaja-gvineja-segodnja-prazdnuet-den-nezavisimosti-74938-2012 |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=belta.by |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|53
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|{{dts|4 June 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Протокол Правительства Республики Беларусь от 4 июня 1992 г. "Пратакол аб устанаўленні дыпламатычных адносін паміж Рэспублікай Беларусь і Рэспублікай Каба-Вэрдэ"|url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel3/num1/3d1531.html|access-date=29 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
|54
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{dts|21 June 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Cooperation|url=https://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/blrthai/taipolitic/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622162214/https://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/blrthai/taipolitic/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|55
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|{{dts|24 June 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Протокол от 24 июня 1992 г. "Пратакол аб устанаўленні дыпламатычных адносін паміж Рэспублікай Беларусь і Рэспублікай Коста-Рыка"|url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel3/num1/3d1474.html|access-date=29 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
|56
|{{flag|Russia}}
|{{dts|25 June 1992}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 December 2017|title=Tight, fruitful Belarus-Russia relations praised|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/tight-fruitful-belarus-russia-relations-praised_i_72028.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729120808/https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/tight-fruitful-belarus-russia-relations-praised_i_72028.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|57
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|{{dts|7 July 1992}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 58|| {{flag|Luxembourg}}|| {{dts|9 July 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Politics|url=https://belgium.mfa.gov.by/en/luxembourg/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729111623/https://belgium.mfa.gov.by/en/luxembourg/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 59|| {{flag|Oman}}|| {{dts|23 July 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political cooperation|url=https://egypt.mfa.gov.by/en/blr_oman/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=26 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526232249/https://egypt.mfa.gov.by/en/blr_oman/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|60
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|23 July 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus — Slovenia|url=https://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/slovenia/politics/|access-date=27 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719161201/https://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/slovenia/politics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|61
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|{{dts|24 July 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=1 июля: этот день в истории|url=http://octmogilev.gov.by/content/view/2294/79/|access-date=30 July 2021|language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|62
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{dts|3 August 1992}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 February 2018|title=Belarus, Nigeria discuss legal framework of bilateral relations|work=Belarus.by|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-nigeria-discuss-legal-framework-of-bilateral-relations_i_74120.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729141353/https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-nigeria-discuss-legal-framework-of-bilateral-relations_i_74120.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|63
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{dts|12 August 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Singapore|url=https://indonesia.mfa.gov.by/en/singapore/bilateral/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=2 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802005323/https://indonesia.mfa.gov.by/en/singapore/bilateral/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|64
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{dts|16 September 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and Kazakhstan|url=https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/kazakhstan/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 65|| {{flag|Croatia}}|| {{dts|25 September 1992}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations|url=http://www.mvep.hr/en/foreign-politics/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia|access-date=1 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
|66
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{dts|20 October 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Embassy|url=https://uae.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/history/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723180105/https://uae.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/history/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 67|| {{flag|Argentina}}|| {{dts|6 November 1992}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| —
|{{flag|Holy See}}
|{{dts|11 November 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diplomatic Relations of the Holy See|url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 68|| {{flag|Paraguay}}|| {{dts|18 November 1992}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 69|| {{flag|Moldova}}|| {{dts|19 November 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and Moldova|url=https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/moldova/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 70|| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}|| {{dts|22 November 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral relations|url=https://hungary.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/BIH/pol/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=18 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718045904/https://hungary.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/BIH/pol/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|71
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|{{dts|25 November 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 November 2015|title=Belarus, Burkina Faso discuss ways to strengthen political dialogue|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-burkina-faso-discuss-ways-to-strengthen-political-dialogue_i_0000031031.html|url-status=dead|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729152534/https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-burkina-faso-discuss-ways-to-strengthen-political-dialogue_i_0000031031.html}}</ref>
|-
| 72|| {{flag|Colombia}}|| {{dts|9 December 1992}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|73
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{dts|5 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political cooperation|url=https://czech.mfa.gov.by/cs/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714161005/https://czech.mfa.gov.by/cs/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 74|| {{flag|Slovakia}}|| {{dts|14 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 March 2007|title=Belarus-Slovakia Relations to be in Spotlight of Ministerial Consultations in Bratislava|url=https://mfa.gov.by/print/en/press/news_mfa/d60fcd328448e92e.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=13 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213221128/https://mfa.gov.by/print/en/press/news_mfa/d60fcd328448e92e.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|75
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{dts|20 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral relations|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310|archive-date=30 September 2011|access-date=3 April 2021|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
|-
|76
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{dts|21 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and Kyrgyzstan|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/kyrgyzstan/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719230533/https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/kyrgyzstan/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|77
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{dts|21 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|78
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{dts|21 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and Uzbekistan|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/uzbekistan/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719230616/https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/uzbekistan/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|79
|{{flag|Malta}}
|{{dts|16 February 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Establishment of diplomatic relations between Belarus and Malta|url=https://italy.mfa.gov.by/it/bilateral_relations/malta/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=3 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803060712/https://italy.mfa.gov.by/it/bilateral_relations/malta/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 80|| {{flag|South Africa}}|| {{dts|4 March 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with the Republic of South Africa|url=https://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719174424/https://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 81|| {{flag|Guatemala}}|| {{dts|11 March 1993}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|82
|{{flag|Iran}}
|{{dts|18 March 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political cooperation|url=https://iran.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=15 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615051652/https://iran.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 83|| {{flag|Ecuador}}|| {{dts|5 May 1993}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|84
|{{flag|Albania}}
|{{dts|17 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 March 2015|title=Belarus to increase exports to Albania|work=Belarus.by|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/business/business-news/belarus-to-increase-exports-to-albania_i_0000020564.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729111623/https://www.belarus.by/en/business/business-news/belarus-to-increase-exports-to-albania_i_0000020564.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|85
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
|{{dts|28 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2018|title=26 июня: этот день в истории|url=https://www.mazyr.by/2018/06/26-iyunya-etot-den-v-istorii/|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729144422/https://www.mazyr.by/2018/06/26-iyunya-etot-den-v-istorii/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 86|| {{flag|Armenia}}|| {{dts|11 June 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and Armenia|url=https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/armenia/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 87|| {{flag|Azerbaijan}}|| {{dts|11 June 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and Azerbaijan|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/azerbaijan/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719230521/https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/azerbaijan/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|88
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{dts|18 June 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral Relations with the Republic of Indonesia|url=https://indonesia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=10 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810015835/https://indonesia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|89
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|{{dts|19 July 1993}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 90|| {{flag|Syria}}|| {{dts|26 August 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooperation in Political Sphere|url=https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=2 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802051635/https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|91
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|{{dts|13 October 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 May 2002|title=Матэрыялы брыфінга прэс-сакратара МЗС Беларусі Паўла Латушкі, праведзенага для прадстаўнікоў СМІ 23 мая б.г.|url=https://www.mfa.gov.by/print/press/news_mfa/de141f7825adf173.html|access-date=29 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
|92
|{{flag|Mali}}
|{{dts|3 November 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 September 2017|title=Ambassador of Belarus I.Petrishenko meets the Ambassador of Mali|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/bcd9b2d32454614b.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=9 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809054207/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/bcd9b2d32454614b.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|93
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|{{dts|17 November 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus-Kenya|url=https://kenya.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=24 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724233340/https://kenya.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 94|| {{flag|Maldives}}|| {{dts|6 December 1993}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|95
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{dts|6 January 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus and Georgia|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/georgia/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719230624/https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral/cis/georgia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|96
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{dts|3 February 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan|url=https://pakistan.mfa.gov.by/en/political_bilateral_relations/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729141353/https://pakistan.mfa.gov.by/en/political_bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 97|| {{flag|Laos}}|| {{dts|7 February 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diplomatic Relations|url=http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950|access-date=30 June 2021|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos|archive-date=1 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601144934/http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|98
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|{{dts|11 April 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Нота от 11 апреля 1994 г. "[Соглашение между Республикой Беларусь и Республикой Боливия об установлении дипломатических отношений]|url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel3/num1/3d1642.html|access-date=30 July 2021|language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|99
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{dts|18 May 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus-Ethiopia|url=https://kenya.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/Belarus_Ethiopia/|website=29 July 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725001647/https://kenya.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/Belarus_Ethiopia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|100
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{dts|24 May 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Коммюнике Правительства Республики Беларусь от 27 мая 1994 г. "Сумеснае Камюнiке аб устанаўленні дыпламатычных адносін паміж Рэспублікай Беларусь і Рэспублікай Нiкарагуа"|url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel3/num1/3d1543.html|access-date=29 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
|101
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|{{dts|6 June 1994}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|102
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|{{dts|15 November 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview by Vladimir Chushev, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Belarus to Serbia, to the magazine "CorD" (July 2015)|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/smi/f2c0a4346f6be5bc.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=20 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720024910/https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/press/smi/f2c0a4346f6be5bc.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 103|| {{flag|Cambodia}}|| {{dts|25 January 1995}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 104|| {{flag|Angola}}|| {{dts|24 April 1995}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|105
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|{{dts|7 August 1995}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Протокол от 7 августа 1995 г. "Пратакол аб устанаўленні дыпламатычных адносін паміж Рэспублікай Беларусь і Йеменскай Рэспублікай"|url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel3/num1/3d1378.html|access-date=29 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
|106
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|{{dts|24 October 1995}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus - Algeria|url=https://egypt.mfa.gov.by/en/blr_algeria/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=3 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203152545/https://egypt.mfa.gov.by/en/blr_algeria/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 107|| {{flag|Qatar}}|| {{dts|16 January 1996}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|108
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|{{dts|21 March 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political relations|url=https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations_Lebanon/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=30 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530171014/https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations_Lebanon/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{Flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}
|{{dts|30 April 1996}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=de Béthencourt |first=Marcos Fernández |title=La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional |publisher=Editorial Sanz Y Torres |year=2019 |pages=308 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| 109|| {{flag|Philippines}}|| {{dts|22 May 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral relations with the Republic of the Philippines|url=https://indonesia.mfa.gov.by/en/philippines/bilateral/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=2 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802005344/https://indonesia.mfa.gov.by/en/philippines/bilateral/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|110
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|{{dts|23 May 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus-Tanzania|url=https://kenya.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/Belarus_Tanzania/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725003924/https://kenya.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/Belarus_Tanzania/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 111|| {{flag|Bahrain}}|| {{dts|1 July 1996}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|112
|{{flag|Libya}}
|{{dts|9 July 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 9 июля 1996 г. №249 "Об установлении дипломатических отношений между Республикой Беларусь и Социалистической Народной Ливийской Арабской Джамахирией"|url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel1/num2/1d2168.html|access-date=29 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
| 113|| {{flag|Tajikistan}}|| {{dts|5 September 1996}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Tajikistan diplomacy: The past and the present I|url=http://mfa.tj/files/kitobkhona/tajikistan_diplomacy_the_past_and_the_present_1/tajikistan_diplomacy_the_past_and_the_present_en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305231414/http://mfa.tj/files/kitobkhona/tajikistan_diplomacy_the_past_and_the_present_1/tajikistan_diplomacy_the_past_and_the_present_en.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|access-date=29 December 2015|page=166}}</ref>
|-
|114
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|{{dts|15 October 1996}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|115
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|{{dts|5 December 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Коммюнике от 5 декабря 1996 г. "Сумеснае Камюніке аб устанаўленні дыпламатычных адносін паміж Рэспублікай Беларусь і Габонскай Рэспублікай"|url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel3/num1/3d1479.html|access-date=29 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
|116
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|{{dts|26 December 1996}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 July 2017|title=BELARUS, IRAQ KEEN TO BOLSTER TRADE, ECONOMIC COOPERATION|url=https://www.nesvizh.gov.by/en/news/republik/item/2758-belarus-iraq-keen-to-bolster-trade-economic-cooperation.html|access-date=31 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729141352/https://www.nesvizh.gov.by/en/news/republik/item/2758-belarus-iraq-keen-to-bolster-trade-economic-cooperation.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|117
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|{{dts|29 January 1997}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Relations entre la Tunisie et le Belarus|url=https://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Belarus.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Belarus.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 118|| {{flag|Venezuela}}|| {{dts|4 February 1997}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|119
|{{flag|Peru}}
|{{dts|19 February 1997}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 July 2017|title=Belarus, Peru to expand legal framework of bilateral relation|work=Belarus.by|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-peru-to-expand-legal-framework-of-bilateral-relation_i_61030.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729141354/https://www.belarus.by/en/government/events/belarus-peru-to-expand-legal-framework-of-bilateral-relation_i_61030.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|120
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{dts|6 June 1997}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political cooperation|url=https://uae.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/KSA/politics/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=14 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114170504/https://uae.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/KSA/politics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|121
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|{{dts|11 September 1998}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2005|title=О вручении верительных грамот Президенту Беларуси Апостольским Нунцием Святого Престола, а также послами Замбии и Эритреи Источник|url=https://mfa.gov.by/press/news_mfa/c77d3b6fb9035dc9.html|access-date=30 July 2021|language=ru|archive-date=19 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219123410/https://mfa.gov.by/press/news_mfa/c77d3b6fb9035dc9.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 122|| {{flag|Ivory Coast}}|| {{dts|30 September 1998}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|123
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|{{dts|2 October 1998}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus-Uganda|url=https://kenya.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/Belarus_Uganda/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725000204/https://kenya.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/Belarus_Uganda/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 124|| {{flag|Panama}}|| {{dts|22 October 1998}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 125|| {{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}|| {{dts|15 June 1999}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political relations|url=https://tajikistan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/belarus_afghanistan/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628020854/https://tajikistan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/belarus_afghanistan/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|126
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|{{dts|15 July 1999}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political cooperation|url=https://egypt.mfa.gov.by/en/blr_sudan/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=27 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927132114/https://egypt.mfa.gov.by/en/blr_sudan/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 127|| {{flag|El Salvador}}|| {{dts|25 October 1999}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|128
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|{{dts|29 October 1999}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 129|| {{flag|Guyana}}||{{dts|25 February 2000}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 130|| {{flag|Mozambique}}|| {{dts|29 February 2000}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 131|| {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}|| {{dts|18 May 2000}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 132|| {{flag|Grenada}}|| {{dts|31 May 2000}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|133
|{{flag|Belize}}
|{{dts|4 August 2000}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 September 2012|title=Государство Белиз сегодня празднует День Независимости|url=https://www.belta.by/world/view/gosudarstvo-beliz-segodnja-prazdnuet-den-nezavisimosti-72598-2012|access-date=30 July 2021|website=Belta.by|language=ru}}</ref>
|-
| 134|| {{flag|Saint Lucia}}|| {{dts|25 August 2000}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 135|| {{flag|Myanmar}}|| {{dts|22 September 2000}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|136
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|{{dts|20 November 2000}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|url=https://india.mfa.gov.by/en/sri/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|137
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|{{dts|21 December 2000}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with the Republic of Namibia|url=https://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/countries_of_accreditation/namibia/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908153232/https://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/countries_of_accreditation/namibia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 138|| {{flag|Dominican Republic}}|| {{dts|18 April 2001}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 139|| {{flag|Iceland}}|| {{dts|25 May 2001}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|140
|{{flag|Benin}}
|{{dts|21 June 2001}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Соглашение от 21 июня 2001 г. "Соглашение об установлении дипломатических отношений между Республикой Беларусь и Республикой Бенин"|url=http://pravo.levonevsky.org/bazaby09/sbor52/text52574.htm|language=ru}}</ref>
|-
| 141|| {{flag|Malawi}}|| {{dts|13 July 2001}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|142
|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{dts|20 August 2001}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Соглашение от 20 августа 2001 г. "Соглашение об установлении дипломатических отношений между Республикой Беларусь и Республикой Чад"|url=http://pravo.levonevsky.org/bazaby09/sbor51/text51761.htm|access-date=29 July 2021|language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|143
|{{flag|Nauru}}
|{{dts|12 September 2001}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 144|| {{flag|Seychelles}}|| {{dts|4 October 2001}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 145|| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}|| {{dts|11 December 2001}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 146|| {{flag|Senegal}}|| {{dts|25 January 2002}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|147
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|11 February 2002}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Соглашение от 11 февраля 2002 г. "Соглашение об установлении дипломатических отношений между Республикой Беларусь и Республикой Конго"|url=http://pravo.levonevsky.org/bazaby09/sbor49/text49212.htm|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 148|| {{flag|Rwanda}}|| {{dts|25 February 2002}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 149|| {{flag|Gambia}}|| {{dts|10 April 2002}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 150|| {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}|| {{dts|24 April 2002}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 151|| {{flag|Honduras}}|| {{dts|20 May 2002}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|152
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
|{{dts|27 September 2002}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 March 2013|title=Ambassadors of Belarus and Guinea-Bissau to Russia discuss bilateral cooperation|url=https://www.radiobelarus.by/en/content/ambassadors-belarus-and-guinea-bissau-russia-discuss-bilateral-cooperation|url-status=dead|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729141401/https://www.radiobelarus.by/en/content/ambassadors-belarus-and-guinea-bissau-russia-discuss-bilateral-cooperation}}</ref>
|-
| 153|| {{flag|Brunei}}|| {{dts|4 November 2002}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|—
|{{flag|State of Palestine}}
|{{dts|4 February 2003}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palestinian Mission to be Opened in Belarus (press release by MFA press service) |url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/d04398b3d37fdf68.html |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus |archive-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107173714/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/d04398b3d37fdf68.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 154|| {{flag|Mauritius}}|| {{dts|26 September 2003}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 155|| {{flag|Sierra Leone}}|| {{dts|27 September 2003}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|156
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|{{dts|3 October 2003}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Коммюнике от 3 октября 2003 г. "Сумеснае Камюніке аб устанаўленні дыпламатычных адносін паміж Самалійскай Дэмакратычнай Рэспублікай і Рэспублікай Беларусь"|url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel3/num1/3d1250.html|access-date=29 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
|157
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|{{dts|6 July 2004}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2004|title=On Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Belarus and Mauritania|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/e33c5352b9a035ee.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=26 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126094345/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/e33c5352b9a035ee.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|158
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{dts|9 July 2004}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 July 2004|title=On Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Belarus and Dominica|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/dea8e636a61cc994.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=13 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213223414/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/dea8e636a61cc994.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 159|| {{flag|Botswana}}|| {{dts|15 March 2006}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 160|| {{flag|Montenegro}}|| {{dts|8 August 2006}}<ref name="mfa">{{cite web|title=Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa|url=https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn|url-status=dead|access-date=16 April 2021|publisher=Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506235303/https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn}}</ref>
|-
|161
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|{{dts|14 November 2006}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political cooperation|url=https://nigeria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/cameroon/politics/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618130916/https://nigeria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/cameroon/politics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 162|| {{flag|San Marino}}|| {{dts|9 February 2009}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=9 February 2009|work=Belarus, San Marino establish diplomatic relations|url=http://www.loev.gov.by/en/republic-en/view/belarus-san-marino-establish-diplomatic-relations-5236/|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203105229/http://www.loev.gov.by/en/republic-en/view/belarus-san-marino-establish-diplomatic-relations-5236/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 163|| {{flag|Suriname}}|| {{dts|2 June 2009}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 164|| {{flag|Fiji}}|| {{dts|26 May 2010}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 165|| {{flag|Togo}}|| {{dts|28 September 2010}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|166
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|16 November 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 June 2021|title=30 июня. Этот день в истории.|url=https://www.belta.by/kaleidoscope/view/30-ijunja-etot-den-v-istorii-448233-2021/|access-date=30 July 2021|website=Belta.by|language=ru}}</ref>
|-
| 167|| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}|| {{dts|12 April 2011}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 168|| {{flag|Andorra}}|| {{dts|27 September 2011}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|169
|{{flag|Niger}}
|{{dts|29 March 2012}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 March 2012|title=Belarus and Niger establish diplomatic relations|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/ab3868bf62eb13b6.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=26 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126165906/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/ab3868bf62eb13b6.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 170|| {{flag|Central African Republic}}|| {{dts|4 April 2012}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 171|| {{flag|Solomon Islands}}|| {{dts|10 September 2012}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
|172
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}
|{{dts|12 September 2012}}<ref>{{Cite web|title="Сумеснае камюніке аб устанаўленні дыпламатычных адносінаў паміж Рэспублікай Беларусь і Тувалу"|url=http://levonevski.net/pravo/norm2013/num03/d03549.html|access-date=30 July 2021|language=be}}</ref>
|-
|173
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|{{dts|26 August 2013}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=On the Establishment of the Diplomatic Relations between Belarus and the Republic of Djibouti|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/c3e9a8bc30169af3.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=13 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213225651/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/c3e9a8bc30169af3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|174
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|{{dts|3 September 2013}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 September 2013|title=On the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Belarus and the Republic of South Sudan|url=https://mfa.gov.by/print/en/press/news_mfa/ac7ba032372ed559.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=13 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213223111/https://mfa.gov.by/print/en/press/news_mfa/ac7ba032372ed559.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 175|| {{flag|Timor-Leste}}|| {{dts|1 October 2014}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=On the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Belarus and East Timor|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/d0d65bb302800653.html|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130143326/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/d0d65bb302800653.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 176|| {{flag|Monaco}}|| {{dts|15 April 2016}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Principauté de Monaco|url=https://france.mfa.gov.by/fr/bilateral_relations/portugal/|access-date=29 July 2021|language=fr}}</ref>
|-
| 177|| {{flag|Liberia}}|| {{dts|27 April 2016}}<ref name=":28" />
|-
| 178|| {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}|| {{dts|4 June 2016}}<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/|access-date=1 April 2021|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}</ref>
|-
| 179|| {{flag|Bahamas}}|| {{dts|9 December 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 December 2019|title=Belarus establishes diplomatic relations with Bahamas|url=https://eng.belta.by/politics/view/belarus-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-bahamas-126560-2019/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 180|| {{flag|Barbados}}|| {{dts|10 December 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 December 2019|title=Belarus establishes diplomatic relations with Barbados|url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/dc20c34d5d34d816.html|access-date=2 April 2021|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|archive-date=13 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213220440/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/dc20c34d5d34d816.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|181
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|{{dts|2020}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Обзор итогов внешней политики Республики Беларусь и деятельности Министерства иностранных дел в 2020 году |url=https://mfa.gov.by/publication/reports/d6f0d673cfeb1664.html |access-date=9 July 2022 |language=ru |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719222650/https://www.mfa.gov.by/publication/reports/d6f0d673cfeb1664.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|182
|{{flag|Eswatini}}
|{{dts|4 June 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=Belarus, Eswatini establish diplomatic relations |url=https://eng.belta.by/politics/view/belarus-eswatini-establish-diplomatic-relations-158856-2024/ |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=belta.by}}</ref>
|}

== Bilateral relations ==

===Multilateral===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
!width="15%"| Organization
!width="12%"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|European Union}}||
|See [[Belarus–European Union relations]]
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|NATO}}||
| See [[Belarus–NATO relations]]
|}

===Africa===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Angola}}
|1995-04-24
|Bilateral relations were established on 24 April 1995.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=http://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/angola/|title=Cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with the Republic of Angola|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of South Africa|access-date=2018-09-10}}</ref>

* Angola is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Russia.<ref name=":17" />
* Belarus is accredited to Angola from its embassy in South Africa.<ref name=":17" />
|-- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Ethiopia}}
|1994-05
|Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries in May 1994.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://ethiopia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|title=Cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|website=The Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014730/http://ethiopia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus had an embassy in [[Addis Ababa]], which opened in 2013 and closed in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ethiopia.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/address/|title=Address, telephone and working hours|website=The Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014908/http://ethiopia.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/address/|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://eng.belta.by/politics/view/belarus-to-close-embassy-in-ethiopia-to-open-mission-in-kenya-in-2018-110959-2018/|title=Belarus to close embassy in Ethiopia, to open mission in Kenya in 2018|date=2018-04-14|work=Belarus News|access-date=2018-09-09|publisher=Belarusian Telegraph Agency|language=en-EN}}</ref>{{Update after|2018|10|1|reason=News story in April 2018 stated embassy was due to close on 1 October 2018}}
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|Kenya}}
|1993-11-17
|Bilateral relations were established on 17 November 1993

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Nairobi]].
* Kenya is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in [[Moscow]], Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kenemb.ru/en/embassy/the-mission.html|title=The Mission|website=Embassy of the Republic of Kenya in Russian Federation, official website|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910060921/http://www.kenemb.ru/en/embassy/the-mission.html|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Libya}}|| 1992
|See [[Belarus–Libya relations]].

* Belarus operated an embassy in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] between 2000 and 2014, but suspended operations due to escalation of the [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|military conflict]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eng.belta.by/politics/view/belarus-to-close-its-embassy-in-libya-8763-2014|title=Belarus to close its embassy in Libya|date=8 December 2014|work=Belarus News|access-date=10 September 2018|publisher=Belarusian Telegraph Agency}}</ref>
* Libya closed its embassy in Belarus in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/un-proposed-government-downsizes-libyan-overseas-embassy-staffers|title=UN-proposed government downsizes Libyan overseas embassy staffers|date=13 November 2016|website=The Libya Observer|language=en|access-date=2018-09-10|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910205733/https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/un-proposed-government-downsizes-libyan-overseas-embassy-staffers|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|Mozambique}}
|2000-02-29
|Bilateral relations were established between Belarus and Mozambique on 29 February 2000.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/mozambique/|title=Cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with the Republic of Mozambique|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of South Africa|access-date=2018-09-10}}</ref>

* Belarus is represented in Mozambique through its embassy in South Africa.<ref name=":18" />
* In 2017 the interior ministries of the two countries signed an agreement to work together to fight terrorism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-and-belarus-agree-to-fight-terrorism/|title=Mozambique and Belarus agree to fight terrorism|date=31 October 2017|work=Club of Mozambique|access-date=2018-09-10|language=en-US}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|Namibia}}
|2000-12-21
|The two countries established bilateral relations on 21 December 2000.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=http://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/namibia/|title=Cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with the Republic of Namibia|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of South Africa|access-date=2018-09-10}}</ref>

* Belarus is represented in Namibia through its embassy in South Africa.<ref name=":19" />
* Namibia is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/upload/Dip-Feb-16-eng.pdf|title=Embassies, Consulates and Representations of International Organisations in Belarus|date=February 2016|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|page=30|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}|| March 1993<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/belarus.html| title = Belarus (Republic of)| access-date = 7 September 2015| archive-date = 23 July 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200723120619/http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/belarus.html| url-status = dead}}</ref>
|
*Belarus has an embassy in [[Pretoria]]<ref name="dirco.gov.za">{{cite web|url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/forrep/forb.htm#bel|title=Foreign Representatives in South Africa|website=www.dirco.gov.za|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-date=23 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723120615/http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/forrep/forb.htm#bel|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*South Africa is represented in Belarus through its embassy in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]<ref name="dirco.gov.za"/>
|-- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Sudan}}
|1999-07-15
| See [[Belarus–Sudan relations]]
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|Zimbabwe}}
|1992-04-16
|Bilateral relations were established on 16 April 1992.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=http://rsa.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/zimbabwe/|title=Cooperation of the Republic of Belarus with the Republic of Zimbabwe|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of South Africa|access-date=2018-09-10}}</ref>

* Belarus opened an embassy in [[Harare]] in July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/belarus-opens-embassy-in-zimbabwe/|title=Belarus opens embassy in Zimbabwe|first=Staff|last=Reporter}}</ref>
|}

===Americas===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|-- valign="top"
|{{flag|Argentina}}||||

* Argentina is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]].
|-- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brazil}}||||

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Brasília]].
* Brazil has an embassy in Minsk.
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Canada}}||1992-04-15
|Belarus and Canada established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/america/|title=USA and Canada|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|access-date=2018-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192600/http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/america/|archive-date=15 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus had an embassy in [[Ottawa]], which was closed on September 1, 2021, as a result of Canada's condemnation of the forced grounding of [[Ryanair Flight 4978]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/belarus-closing-canadian-embassy-as-pm-trudeau-condemns-regime/|title=Belarus closing Canadian embassy as PM Trudeau condemns regime|website=CTV News|date=25 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canada.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/news/a6d64eb575392127.html|title=Closure of the Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Canada Source|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Canada|access-date=2021-05-25|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525231141/https://canada.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/news/a6d64eb575392127.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Canada is represented in Belarus through its embassy in [[Warsaw]] (Poland).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/poland-pologne/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/canada-belarus.aspx?lang=eng|title=Canada-Belarus Relations|date=June 2016|website=Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|1992-04
|Bilateral relations between Cuba and Belarus began in April 1992.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=http://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/bilateral_relations/|title=Relaciones Politicas Entre Belarus y Cuba|website=Embajada de la República de Belarús en la República de Cuba|language=es|trans-title=Political relations between Belarus and Cuba|access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>

* Belarus opened an embassy in Havana, Cuba, in November 1998, its first in Latin America and the Caribbean.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/embassy/address/|title=Dirección de la Embajada de Belarús en Cuba|website=Embajada de la República de Belarús en la República de Cuba|language=es|trans-title=Address of the Embassy of Belarus in Cuba|access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>
* Cuba upgraded its representation in Havana [Minsk?], Belarus, to an embassy in May 1997.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/f51d77442f4f2948.html|title=New Building of Cuban Embassy Opened in Minsk|last=MFA press service|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Dominica}}||2004||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/dea8e636a61cc994.html|title=On Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Belarus and Dominica - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|website=mfa.gov.by|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
|-- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
|
|
* Belarus has an honorary consulate in [[Santo Domingo]], operated though the embassy in Cuba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/honorary_consul/|title=Cónsul Honorario de la Republica de Belruús en Santo Domingo|website=Embajada de la República de Belarús en la República de Cubacuba.mfa.gov.by|trans-title=Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Belarus in Santo Domingo|access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>
* Dominican Republic has an honorary consulate in Minsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/upload/Dip-Feb-16-eng.pdf|title=Embassies, Consulates and Representations of International Organisations in Belarus|date=February 2016|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|page=16|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>
|-- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ecuador}}||||
The governments of Belarus and [[Ecuador]] concluded an agreement about mutual visa-free travel. It was signed in [[Quito]] on 20 June 2014, ratified by Belarus law on 29 December 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravo.by/main.aspx?guid=3871&p0=I01400014&p1=1|date=6 January 2015|website=National Legal Internet Portal of the Republic of Belarus|language=ru|script-title=ru:Соглашение между Правительством Республики Беларусь и Правительством Республики Эквадор о взаимной отмене виз|trans-title=Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of the Republic of Ecuador on the mutual abolition of visa|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113325/http://www.pravo.by/main.aspx?guid=3871&p0=I01400014&p1=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
* Ecuador is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Guyana}}||2000||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101008/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Mexico}}||January 1992||See [[Belarus–Mexico relations]]

Belarus and Mexico established diplomatic relations in January 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eng.belta.by/politics/view/belarus-mexico-to-expand-bilateral-relations-104158-2017|title=Belarus, Mexico to expand bilateral relations|date=18 August 2017|website=Belarus News|publisher=Belarusian Telegraph Agency|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>

* Belarus is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba, and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Mexico City]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/| title = Embassy of Belarus in Cuba| access-date = 20 May 2017| archive-date = 5 February 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220205003425/https://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mfa.gov.by/kcfinder/upload/files/Structure/2020_honorary_consuls.pdf| title = Honorary consulates of Belarus (in Belarusian)}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia, and maintains an honorary consulate in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rusia/| title = Embassy of Mexico in Moscow}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Panama}}||1998-10-22||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1998.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ministiro de Relactiones Exteriores|title=Informe de Gestión Anual Memoria 2011-2012|page=196|date=2012|trans-title=Annual Management Report 2011-2012|url=http://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf|chapter=Relationes Diplomáticas de la República de Panamá|trans-chapter=Diplomatic Relations of the Republic of Panama|language=es|access-date=7 January 2017|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806131148/https://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Panama is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/upload/Dip-En-01-17.pdf|title=Embassies, Consulates and Representations of International Organisations in Belarus|date=January 2017|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|page=31|access-date=15 September 2018|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192535/http://mfa.gov.by/upload/Dip-En-01-17.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|United States}}||1991||See [[Belarus–United States relations]]
[[File:Embassy of Belarus.jpg|thumb|right|[[Embassy of Belarus in Washington, D.C.]]]]
Diplomatic relations between the United States and Belarus began in 1991 upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union, of which Belarus had been a part. However, the relations have turned sour due to accusations by the United States that Belarus has been undemocratic. Belarus, in turn, has accused the United States of interfering in its internal affairs.
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and a consulate-general in [[New York City|New York]].
* United States closed its embassy in Minsk in February 2022 for allowing Russian soldiers to use Belarus as a staging for the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/suspending-operations-at-u-s-embassy-minsk-and-change-in-status-for-u-s-embassy-moscow/|title=Suspending Operations at U.S. Embassy Minsk and Change in Status for U.S. Embassy Moscow}}</ref>
|-- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uruguay}}||1992||

* Belarus is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Montevideo]].
* Uruguay is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
|-- valign="top"
|{{flag|Venezuela}}||1992||

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Caracas]].
* Venezuela has an embassy in Minsk.
|}

===Asia===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}|| 1992
|See [[Armenia–Belarus relations]]
* Before 1991, both countries were part of the [[USSR]], and before then part of the [[Russian Empire]].
* Armenia has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy2202/|title=Embassy of Armenia in Minsk, Belarus|website=EmbassyPages.com|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Yerevan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassy.am/embassy-of-the-republic-of-belarus-in-armenia|title=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Armenia|website=Foreign Missions in Armenia|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* There are around 25,000 people of [[Armenian diaspora|Armenian descent]] living in Belarus.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}
* Armenia and Belarus withdrew their respective Ambassadors to one another in June 2024, with Armenian Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] saying that no official representative of Armenia would visit Belarus while [[Alexander Lukashenko]] remained Belarusian President, following Belarusian support for Azerbaijan in the [[2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh]].<ref>{{cite news|date=14 June 2024|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenia-recalls-ambassador-from-belarus-amid-rising-tension-with-russia|work=Eurasianet |title=Armenia recalls ambassador from Belarus amid rising tension with Russia | Eurasianet }}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}|| 1992
| See [[Azerbaijan–Belarus relations]]
* Before 1918, they were part of the [[Russian Empire]] and before 1991, they were part of the [[Soviet Union]].
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://azerbaijan.visahq.com/embassy/Belarus/|title=Embassy of Azerbaijan in Belarus|access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref>
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Baku]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://azerbaijan.mfa.gov.by/ru/embassy/address/|title=Адрес и время работы|website=Посольство Республики Беларусь в Азербайджанской Республике|language=ru|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy23444/|title=Embassy of Belarus in Baku, Azerbaijan|website=www.embassypages.com|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)]] and the [[Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)]].
* Azerbaijan is a full member of the [[Council of Europe]], Belarus is a candidate
* Both Belarus and Azerbaijan are full members of the [[Non-Aligned Movement|Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)]].
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|1992-02-21
|Bilateral relations were established on 21 February 1992.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_bangladesh/|title=Bilateral Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the People's Republic of Bangladesh|website=india.mfa.gov.by|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910094446/http://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_bangladesh/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus is primarily represented in Bangladesh through its embassy in India, but also has an honorary consulate in [[Dhaka]].<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://india.mfa.gov.by/en/honorary_consul/|title=Honorary Consuls of Belarus in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of India|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Bangladesh has represented in Belarus by its ambassador in Moscow, Russia since June 2010.<ref name=":5" />
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||1992
|See [[Belarus–China relations]]
* Belarus has an embassy in Beijing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.belaruschina.by/en/belarus_china/diplomatic_representatives/embassy_by.html|title=BelarusChina - The Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the People's Republic of China|website=Belarusian-Chinese Intergovernmental Committee on Cooperation|language=en|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326145330/http://www.belaruschina.by/en/belarus_china/diplomatic_representatives/embassy_by.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* China has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/2490_665344/2494_665352/t14461.shtml|title=Chinese Embassy in Belarus|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Georgia}}||1992
|See [[Belarus–Georgia relations]]
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Tbilisi]], which opened on 20 December 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://belarusfeed.com/belarus-opens-embassy-in-georgia/|title=Belarus Opens Embassy in Georgia - BelarusFeed|date=2016-12-21|work=BelarusFeed|access-date=2018-09-09|language=en-US|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014744/http://belarusfeed.com/belarus-opens-embassy-in-georgia/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/cis/georgia/|title=Belarus-Georgia|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014909/http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/cis/georgia/|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Georgia has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.belarus.mfa.gov.ge/default.aspx?sec_id=1012&lang=2|title=Embassy of Georgiato the Republic of Belarus|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120604191247/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=345&lang_id=ENG Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus]
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||1992-04-17
|{{see also|Belarus–India relations}}<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|title=Political Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of India|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of India|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>

* Belarus has had an embassy in New Delhi since June 1998.<ref name=":7" /> It also has an honorary consul in [[Kolkata]].<ref name=":6" />
* Since 14 May 1992, India has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indembminsk.org/|title=INDO-BELARUS RELATIONS|website=Embassy of India, Minsk, The Republic of Belarus|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116092305/http://www.indembminsk.org/?page=3760|archive-date=16 January 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran}}||1993-03-18||See [[Belarus–Iran relations]]. Bilateral relations were established on 18 March 1993.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://iran.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|title=Political cooperation|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Islamic Republic of Iran|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>

* Belarus has had an embassy in [[Tehran]] since 6 March 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iran.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/history/|title=History|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Islamic Republic of Iran|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iran.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/address/|title={{sic|Adr|ess|nolink=y}} and working hours|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Islamic Republic of Iran|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Iran opened an embassy in Minsk in February 2001.<ref name=":8" />
* The two countries have enjoyed good relations in recent years reflected in regular high level meetings and various agreements. In 2008, Belarusian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Martynov (politician)|Sergei Martynov]] described Iran as an important partner of his country in the region and the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614070344/http://www.tehrantimes.com/Index_view.asp?code=184639|url-status=dead|title=Iran is our important partner in the world: Belarusian FMTehran|archivedate=14 June 2011|website=Tehran Times}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel}}||1992
|
*See [[Israel-Belarus relations]]

Belarus and [[Israel]] established diplomatic relations in 1992. During the 1990s, around 130,000 Belarusian citizens immigrated to Israel, forming one of the largest Belarusian expatriate communities in the world.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.belta.by/society/view/fotovystavka-belta-belarus-i-izrail-25-let-druzhby-i-partnerstva-otkrylas-v-tel-avive-255138-2017|date=2017-06-29|work=Белорусское телеграфное агентство|access-date=2018-09-10|language=ru-RU|script-title=ru:Фотовыставка БЕЛТА "Беларусь и Израиль: 25 лет дружбы и партнерства" открылась в Тель-Авиве|trans-title=BELTA photo exhibition "Belarus and Israel: 25 Years of Friendship and Partnership" Opens in Tel Aviv}}</ref> In August 2015, an agreement was signed on visa-free entry,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsru.co.il/israel/16aug2015/vizy_710.html|date=16 August 2015|work=NEWSru.co.il|access-date=2018-09-10|language=ru|script-title=ru:Правительство Израиля утвердило отмену визового режима с Беларусью|trans-title=The Israeli government approved the abolition of the visa regime with Belarus}}</ref> {{Citation needed span|text=making Israel the first country outside the Former Soviet Union to have visa-free travel with Belarus.|date=September 2018|reason=}}

* Israel and Belarus have signed multiple agreements, including for visa-free travel.
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Tel Aviv]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://belembassy.co.il/index.php?ln=en|title=Main Page|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the State of Israel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101184334/http://belembassy.co.il/index.php?ln=en|archive-date=1 November 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=1 November 2009}}</ref>
* Israel has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://embassies.gov.il/minsk/Pages/default.aspx|website=Посольство Израиля в Беларуси|language=ru|script-title=ru:Посольство Израиля в Беларуси|trans-title=Embassy of Israel in Belarus|access-date=10 September 2018}}</ref> This was closed for 2 years from 2002 and a decision to close it again in 2016 was reversed after two months.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Israel-reconsiders-decides-to-keep-Minsk-embassy-open-448156|title=Israel reconsiders, decides to keep Minsk embassy open|work=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=2018-09-10|issn=0792-822X}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Japan}}||1992-01-26
|The two countries established bilateral relations on 26 January 1992.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=http://japan.mfa.gov.by/ru/bilateral_relations/|website=Посольство Республики Беларусь в Японии|language=ru|script-title=ru:Политические отношения|trans-title=Bilateral Relations|access-date=2018-09-10|archive-date=2 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202100558/http://japan.mfa.gov.by/ru/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Tokyo]], opened in June 1995.<ref name=":13" />
* Japan opened an embassy in Minsk in January 1993.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/belarus/index.html|title=Japan-Belarus Relations|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||1992-09-16
|Bilateral relations began on 16 September 1992.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/cis/kazakhstan/|title=Belarus-Kazakhstan|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|access-date=2018-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910165100/http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/cis/kazakhstan/|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Since 13 July 1997, Belarus has an embassy in [[Astana]], an embassy division in [[Almaty]] opened in July 2002.<ref name=":14" />
* Since 9 January 1993, Kazakhstan has an embassy in Minsk.<ref name=":14" />
* Both countries are full members of the [[Eurasian Economic Community]], of the [[Collective Security Treaty Organisation]] and of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]]
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|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||1993-07-21
|Belarus and Kyrgyzstan established diplomatic relations on 21 July 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kyrgyzstan.mfa.gov.by/docs/%C3%B0_%C3%B0_%C3%B0_%C3%B0_%C3%B1_%C3%B0_%C3%B0%C2%BA%C3%B0__veb.doc|website=Посольство Республики Беларусь в Кыргызской Республике|language=ru|script-title=ru:О политических отношениях Республики Беларусь с Кыргызской Республикой|trans-title=On the political relations of the Republic of Belarus with the Kyrgyz Republic|format=[[Microsoft Word|Word]] document|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910165115/http://kyrgyzstan.mfa.gov.by/docs/%C3%B0_%C3%B0_%C3%B0_%C3%B0_%C3%B1_%C3%B0_%C3%B0%C2%BA%C3%B0__veb.doc|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Relations were disrupted between August 2012 and October 2015 after Kyrgyzstan recalled their ambassador.<ref name=":15">{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/10/kyrgyzstan-sends-an-ambassador-to-belarus/|title=Kyrgyzstan Sends an Ambassador to Belarus|last=Putz|first=Catherine|date=8 October 2015|work=The Diplomat|access-date=10 September 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Bishkek]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kyrgyzstan.mfa.gov.by/ru/embassy/address/|website=Посольство Республики Беларусь в Кыргызской Республике|language=ru|script-title=ru:Адрес и время работы|trans-title=Address and working hours|access-date=2018-09-10}}</ref>
* Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Minsk.<ref name=":15" />
* Both countries are full members of the [[Eurasian Economic Community]], of the [[Collective Security Treaty Organisation]] and of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]].
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Maldives}}||1993-12-06
|
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foreign.gov.mv/v2/en/foreign-relations/bilateral-relations/|title=Bilateral Relations|date=2015-09-12|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912081607/http://www.foreign.gov.mv/v2/en/foreign-relations/bilateral-relations/|archive-date=12 September 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=12 September 2015}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|Myanmar}}
|22 September 2000
| See [[Belarus-Myanmar relations]]
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|Nepal}}
|1993-07-19
|Belarus and Nepal established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1993.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=http://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_nepal/|title=Bilateral Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of India|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910061319/http://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_nepal/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an honorary consulate in [[Kathmandu]], operated by the embassy in India.<ref name=":6" />
* Nepal has an honorary consulate general in Minsk.<ref>{{Citation|title=List of Diplomatic and Consular Corps and Other Representatives|pages=315|date=January 2015|url=https://mofa.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Print-Version_MoFA-Nepal.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://mofa.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Print-Version_MoFA-Nepal.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* Minsk and Kathmandu have established [[Sister city|twin city]] relations.<ref name=":9" />
|-- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Korea }}||1992
|See [[Foreign relations of North Korea]].
Relations were established in 1992.<ref name=":25">{{Cite news|url=http://neweasterneurope.eu/2016/09/27/north-korean-embassy-in-belarus-diplomatic-symbolism-economic-horizons/|title=The North Korean Embassy in Belarus. Diplomatic symbolism, economic horizons|date=2016-09-27|work=New Eastern Europe|access-date=2018-09-15|language=en-GB}}</ref>

* Belarus has a consulate in [[South Hamgyong Province|Hamgyong-namdo]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}
* [[North Korea]] operates an embassy in [[Minsk]], opened in 2016,<ref name=":25" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://belarusfeed.com/now-officially-north-korea-open-embassy-in-minsk/|title=Now OFFICIALLY: North Korea Opens Embassy in Minsk|date=2016-09-27|work=BelarusFeed|access-date=2018-09-15|language=en-US|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192407/http://belarusfeed.com/now-officially-north-korea-open-embassy-in-minsk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> although Belarus recognises this only as a trade mission, with other representation through the embassy in Moscow (Russia).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/news/news_In_detail.htm?No=122157|title=Belarus Denies N. Korea's Claim of Embassy Opening|date=29 September 2016|website=KBS World Radio|language=En|access-date=2018-09-15|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192536/http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/news/news_In_detail.htm?No=122157|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/upload/Dip-En-01-17.pdf|title=Embassies, Consulates and Representations of International Organisations in Belarus|date=January 2017|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|page=20|access-date=15 September 2018|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192535/http://mfa.gov.by/upload/Dip-En-01-17.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/upload/Dip-En-01-17.pdf|title=Embassies, Consulates and Representations of International Organisations in Belarus|date=January 2017|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|pages=26–27|access-date=15 September 2018|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192535/http://mfa.gov.by/upload/Dip-En-01-17.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* North Korean [[Eternal leaders of North Korea#Presidency of North Korea before 1994|President]] [[Kim Il Sung]] visited the [[Belarusian SSR]] in 1984. During the visit, he visited the Minsk Tractor Works and the [[Brest Fortress]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.tut.by/society/509875.html |title=С эскортом по Ленинскому проспекту. Как Минск встречал Фиделя Кастро, Ким Ир Сена и Жоржа Помпиду |access-date=12 July 2019 |archive-date=12 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712133245/https://news.tut.by/society/509875.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Pakistan}}|| ||See [[Pakistan–Belarus relations]]
Diplomatic relations were established on 3 February 1994.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=http://pakistan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|title=Political Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan|access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Islamabad]].<ref name=":26" />
*Pakistan maintains an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/797117/foreign-relations-belarusian-ambassador-wants-increased-trade/|title=Foreign relations: Belarusian ambassador wants increased trade|work=The Express Tribune|date=25 November 2014 |access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/belarus/content.php?pageID=contactminsk|title=Contact us|website=Embassy of Pakistan Minsk, Belarus|access-date=2018-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192435/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/belarus/content.php?pageID=contactminsk|archive-date=15 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Pakistan]] and [[Belarus]] maintain very close relations with each other, Pakistan was one of the first countries to accept Belarus after its independence. President of Belarus and PM of Pak have visited each other's countries on state visits. Pakistan and Belarus have a huge trade partnership. Pakistan also provides Belarus with Military expertise.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}
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|{{flag|South Korea }}||1992-02-10<ref name="mofa.go.kr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070803/1_24645.jsp?menu=m_30_40 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea |access-date=4 July 2015 |archive-date=24 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224084451/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070803/1_24645.jsp?menu=m_30_40 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|See [[Belarus–South Korea relations]]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Belarus started on 10 February 1992.
* Belarusian embassy in Seoul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://korea.mfa.gov.by/ru/|title=Посольство Республики Беларусь в Республике Корея|website=korea.mfa.gov.by}}</ref>
* South Korean embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/by-ko/index.do|title = 주 벨라루스 대한민국 대사관}}</ref>
* The Belarusian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belarus has visited Seoul on 9 February 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/en/mass_media/baead1a37aed11ab.html|title=Interview by Valentin Rybakov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belarus, to the newspaper Joongang Ilbo (South Korea), February 9, 2015 - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|website=mfa.gov.by|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411030015/http://mfa.gov.by/en/mass_media/baead1a37aed11ab.html|archive-date=11 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Foreign relations of South Korea#Europe]].<ref name="mofa.go.kr"/>
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|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
|2000-11-20
|Bilateral relations were established on 20 November 2000.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_srilanka/|title=Bilateral Relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of India|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910061322/http://india.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_srilanka/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an honorary consulate in [[Colombo]] and is mainly represented through its embassy in India.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":10" />
* Sri Lanka opened an honorary consulate in Belarus in 2004.<ref name=":10" />
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Syria}}||1992
|
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Damascus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syria.belembassy.org/eng/about/|title=Äèïëîìàòè÷åñêèå ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâà Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005181025/http://www.syria.belembassy.org/eng/about/|archive-date=5 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in Minsk.

See [[Syria–Belarus relations|Belarus-Syria relations]]
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}||1992
|
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Dushanbe]].
* Tajikistan has an embassy in Minsk.
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}||1992-05-25
|See [[Foreign relations of Turkey|Belarus–Turkey relations]]
* Turkey was the first country to recognize Belarus on 16 December 1991 after the declaration of its independence on 25 August 1991.
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in Minsk.
* Both countries are full members of the [[Council of Europe]] and the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)]].
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||1992
|
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Ashgabat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.belembassy.org/|title=Äèïëîìàòè÷åñêèå ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâà Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710011238/http://www.turkmenistan.belembassy.org/|archive-date=10 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Turkmenistan has an embassy in Minsk.
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}||1992
|See [[Belarus–Uzbekistan relations]]
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Tashkent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uzbekistan.belembassy.org/|title=Äèïëîìàòè÷åñêèå ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâà Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530001856/http://www.uzbekistan.belembassy.org/|archive-date=30 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Uzbekistan is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
* Both countries are full members of the [[Eurasian Economic Community]], of the [[Collective Security Treaty Organisation]] and of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]]

|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Vietnam}}|| 27 December 1991<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111004/ns070924161413| title = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam| access-date = 7 September 2015| archive-date = 9 March 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160309214803/http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111004/ns070924161413| url-status = dead}}</ref>
|
* Since 1997, Belarus has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/politicalvn/|title=Political Relations between Belarus and Vietnam - Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Socialist Republic of Vietnam|website=vietnam.mfa.gov.by|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208041131/https://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/politicalvn/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Since November 2003, Vietnam has an embassy in [[Minsk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vietnamembassy-belarus.org/vi/|title=Vietnamese embassy in Minsk|website=vietnamembassy-belarus.org|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105160901/http://www.vietnamembassy-belarus.org/vi/|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

===Europe===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}|| 1992
|
* Austria recognised Belarus in December 1991 and both countries established diplomatic relations in February 1992.
* Austria is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
* Since March 1993, Belarus has an embassy in [[Vienna]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/address/|title=ADDRESS AND WORKING HOURS|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Republic of Austria|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|1993-11-22
|Belarus and Bosnia and Herzegovina established bilateral relations on 22 November 1993.<ref name=":99">{{Cite web|url=http://hungary.mfa.gov.by/en/bih/|title=Political and Cultural Dialogue|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Hungary|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>

* Belarus has been represented in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the ambassador to Hungary since March 2014.<ref name=":0" />
* Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented in Belarus by the embassy in Russia.<ref name=":0" />
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|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| 1992-03-26
|
* Bulgaria recognised Belarus on 23 December 1991.
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Sofia]] and an honorary consulate in [[Burgas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy23302/|title=Consulate of Belarus in Bourgas, Bulgaria|website=EmbassyPages.com|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Bulgaria has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.bg/minsk/|title=Министерство на външните работи|website=Министерство на външните работи|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419183103/https://www.mfa.bg/minsk/|archive-date=19 April 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.bg/embassies/belarus|website=Mинистерство на външните работи|language=bg|script-title=ru:Беларус, Минск, Посолство на Република България|trans-title=Belarus, Minsk, Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
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|{{flag|Croatia}}|| 1992-09-25
|See [[Belarus–Croatia relations]]
* Croatia is primarily represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia, although an honorary consulate opened in Minsk in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/croatia/|title=BILATERAL RELATIONS|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Republic of Austria|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909222303/http://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/croatia/|archive-date=9 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Belarus is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Vienna, Austria, and an honorary consulate in [[Rijeka]], Croatia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/croatia/consul/|title=Honorary Consul|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Republic of Austria|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909222256/http://austria.mfa.gov.by/en/croatia/consul/|archive-date=9 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Croatian Foreign Minister [[Tonino Picula]] on 24 June 2000 attended a summit of the Central European Initiative in [[Szeged]], Hungary, and held bilateral talks with his counterpart from Belarus.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97DBE187EDDAA6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Hungary: Croatian, Slovene, Bosnian, Belarusian ministers discuss relations |access-date=2009-05-15 |publisher=[[HINA]] |date=24 June 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019002005/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97DBE187EDDAA6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |archive-date=19 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*At least three bilateral agreements have been signed between the two counties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mvpei.hr/CustomPages/Static/HRV//templates/_frt_bilateralni_odnosi_po_drzavama_en.asp?id=60 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719031934/http://www.mvpei.hr/CustomPages/Static/HRV//templates/_frt_bilateralni_odnosi_po_drzavama_en.asp?id=60 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-19 |title=List of international treaties and international acts signed between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Belarus |access-date=2009-05-15 |publisher=[[Croatia|Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] }}</ref>
**2001 Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments
**2004 Avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital
**2005 International Road Transport
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|{{flag|Cyprus}}|| 1991
|
* Belarus has an honorary consulate in [[Nicosia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2016.nsf/All/05A5118026ED10ECC22580290033AF80?OpenDocument|title=Honorary Consular Officers in Cyprus|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Cyprus is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Moscow, Russia, and through an honorary consulate in Minsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2016.nsf/All/3DC21A794E647B07C225802900324A5F?OpenDocument|title=Honorary Consular Officers of the Republic of Cyprus|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2016.nsf/All/BA65C17193003531C2258029002F3F7E?OpenDocument|title=Cyprus Diplomatic Missions Abroad|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||1993
|See [[Belarus–Czech Republic relations]]
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Prague]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mzv.cz/jnp/en/diplomatic_missions/foreign_missions_to_the_czech_republic/belarus_embassy_of_the_republic_of.html|title=Belarus - Embassy of the Republic of Belarus|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* The Czech Republic has an embassy in Minsk<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mzv.cz/minsk|title=Velvyslanectiví České republiky, v Minsku|website=Velvyslanectiví České republiky, v Minsku|language=cs|trans-title=Embassy of the Czech Republic in Minsk|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref> and an honorary consulate in [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mzv.cz/jnp/en/diplomatic_missions/czech_missions_abroad/belarus_honorary_consulate_of_the_czech.html|title=BELARUS - Honorary Consulate of the Czech Republic in Brest|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
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|{{flag|Denmark}}||||See [[Belarus–Denmark relations]]

* Belarus is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
* Denmark is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
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|{{flag|Estonia}}||1992-04-06
|Bilateral relations began on 6 April 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://estonia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|title=Political relations|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus to the Republic of Estonia|access-date=2018-09-15|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192636/http://estonia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Tallinn]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://estonia.mfa.gov.by/en/embassy/address/|title=Address|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus to the Republic of Estonia|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Estonia opened its embassy in Minsk on 20 October 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vm.ee/en/news/foreign-minister-open-estonian-embassy-minsk|title=Foreign Minister to Open Estonian embassy in Minsk|date=20 October 2009|website=Republic of Estonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Finland}}||1992-02-26
|
* Finland recognised the independence of Belarus on 30 December 1991.
* Finland is represented in Belarus through its embassy in [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]], which also operates a liaison office in Minsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.finland.lt/public/default.aspx?nodeid=43589&contentlan=2&culture=en-US|title=Finland´s Liaison Office in Minsk|website=Embassy of Finland, Vilnius|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* Belarus opened an embassy in [[Helsinki]] on 5 December 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://finland.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|title=Belarus-Finland Political Dialogue|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Republic of Finland|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
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|{{flag|France}}||1992-01
|Belarus and France established diplomatic relations in January 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://france.mfa.gov.by/fr/bilateral_relations/e5d724e975feeb59.html|title=Belarus-French - In single cradle of European culture|website=Ambassade de la République du Bélarus en France|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014455/http://france.mfa.gov.by/fr/bilateral_relations/e5d724e975feeb59.html|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in Paris<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://france.mfa.gov.by/fr/embassy/address/|title=Adresses et horaires d'ouverture|website=Ambassade de la République du Bélarus en France|language=fr|trans-title=Address and operating hours|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref> and honorary consulates in [[Bordeaux]], [[Lyon]] and [[Marseille]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://france.mfa.gov.by/fr/honorary_consuls/|title=Consuls honoraires de la République du Bélarus|website=Ambassade de la République du Bélarus en France|language=fr|trans-title=Honorary Consuls of the Republic of Belarus in France|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
* France has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambafrance-by.org/|title=La France en Biélorussie|website=Ambassade de France à Minsk|language=fr|trans-title=France in Belarus|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-date=31 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031023450/http://www.ambafrance-by.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The late French director [[Roger Vadim]] was of partial Belarusian descent.
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|{{flag|Germany}}||1923
|See [[Belarus–Germany relations]]
* Belarus has an embassy in Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://germany.mfa.gov.by/de/embassy/|title=Botschaft|website=Botschaft der Republik Belarus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland|language=de|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref> It also has a consulate general in [[Munich]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://germany.mfa.gov.by/de/muenchen/|title=Generalkonsulat in München|website=Botschaft der Republik Belarus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland|language=de|trans-title=Consulate General in Munich|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828183616/http://germany.mfa.gov.by/de/muenchen/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and honorary consulates in [[Hamburg (city)|Hamburg]] and [[Cottbus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://germany.mfa.gov.by/de/honorary_consul/|title=Honorarkonsulate|website=Botschaft der Republik Belarus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland|language=de|trans-title=Honorary Consulates|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820140700/http://germany.mfa.gov.by/de/honorary_consul/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The embassy branch office in [[Bonn]] closed on 22 December 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eng.belta.by/politics/view/bonn-office-of-belarusian-embassy-in-germany-to-be-closed-1698-2013|title=Bonn Office of Belarusian Embassy in Germany to be closed|date=6 December 2013|work=Belarus News|access-date=2018-09-09|publisher=Belarusian Telegraph Agency}}</ref>
* Germany has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minsk.diplo.de/Vertretung/minsk/ru/Startseite.html|website=Посольство Федеративной Республики Германия Минск|language=be|script-title=be:Посольство Федеративной Республики Германия Минск|trans-title=Federal Republic of Germany Embassy in Minsk|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614232801/http://www.minsk.diplo.de/Vertretung/minsk/ru/Startseite.html|archive-date=14 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Laenderinformationen/01-Laender/Belarus.html German Federal Foreign Office about relations with Belarus]
* In 2018, for the first time a German head of state visited Belarus.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/steinmeier-in-weissrussland-ns-verbrechen-nicht-verdraengen-15665932.html |newspaper=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |language=de|title=Steinmeier warnt vor Verdrängung der Nazi-Verbrechen|trans-title=Steinmeier warns of suppression of Nazi crimes |access-date=26 December 2018}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Greece}}||||See [[Belarus–Greece relations]]

* Belarus is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Greece is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
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|{{flag|Hungary}}||1992-02-12
|Bilateral relations were established between Belarus and Hungary on 12 February 1992.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://hungary.mfa.gov.by/en/hu_pol/|title=Political and Cultural Dialogue|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Hungary|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Budapest]] which opened in January 2000.<ref name=":3" />
* Hungary has an embassy in Minsk which opened in December 2007.<ref name=":3" />
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
* Belarus and Hungary have in place a bilateral agreement to prevent double taxation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F96CA0B1B58BE1B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=NewsLibrary.com - newspaper archive, clipping service - newspapers and other news sources|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219170247/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F96CA0B1B58BE1B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|archive-date=19 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Ireland}}||1992-03-27
|Belarus and Ireland established bilateral relations on 27 March 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/Belarus-Ireland/|title=Political Dialogue|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=24 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924090450/http://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/Belarus-Ireland/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus is represented in Ireland through its embassy in [[London]], United Kingdom, and also has an honorary consulate in [[Rathdrum, County Wicklow]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/honorary_consul/|title=Honorary Consuls of the Republic of Belarus in the United Kingdom and Ireland|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910061323/http://uk.mfa.gov.by/en/honorary_consul/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Ireland is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Lithuania.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfa.ie/embassies/irish-embassies-abroad/europe/belarus/|title=Belarus|website=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Italy}}||1992-04-13
|Bilateral relations were established on 13 April 1992.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://italy.mfa.gov.by/it/bilateral_relations/|title=Cooperazione bilaterale|website=Ambasciata della Repubblica di Belarus nella Repubblica Italiana|language=it|trans-title=Bilateral relations|access-date=2018-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629065528/http://italy.mfa.gov.by/it/bilateral_relations/|archive-date=29 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in Rome and five honorary consulates (in [[Cagliari]], [[Florence]], [[Naples]], [[Reggio Emilia]] and [[Turin]]).<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://italy.mfa.gov.by/it/embassy/history/|title=Storia dell'Ambasciata|website=Ambasciata della Repubblica di Belarus nella Repubblica Italiana|language=it|trans-title=History of the Embassy|access-date=2018-09-10|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910170343/http://italy.mfa.gov.by/it/embassy/history/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://italy.mfa.gov.by/it/honorary_consul/|title=Consolati Onorari di Belarus in Italia|website=Ambasciata della Repubblica di Belarus nella Repubblica Italiana|language=it|trans-title=Honorary Consulates of Belarus in Italy|access-date=2018-09-10|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910165113/http://italy.mfa.gov.by/it/honorary_consul/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The embassy was opened as a consulate general in November 1993 and was upgraded to an embassy on 20 March 1996.<ref name=":12" />
* Italy has an embassy in Minsk, opened in May 1992.<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambminsk.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Minsk|title=Ambasciata d'Italia - Minsk|website=www.ambminsk.esteri.it|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-date=20 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720020937/http://www.ambminsk.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Minsk|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Latvia}}||1992-04-07
|See [[Belarus–Latvia relations]]
The two countries signed a "Declaration on the Principles of Good-Neighborly Relations" on 16 December 1991 and established full bilateral relations on 7 April 1992.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=http://latvia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|title=Belarusian – Latvian Relations|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus to the Republic of Latvia|access-date=2018-09-10|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204195646/https://latvia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Embassies were opened in both countries in 1993 and consulates general the following year.<ref name=":16" />

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Riga]] and a general consulate in [[Daugavpils]].<ref name=":16" />
* Latvia has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate in [[Vitebsk]].<ref name=":16" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.am.gov.lv/en/belarus/|title=Embassy of Latvia in Belarus|access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref>
* The countries share 161 km of common border.<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Belarus|access-date=10 September 2018|year=2018}}</ref>
*Belarusian and Latvian regions have signed about 60 [[Sister city|twin city]] and partner agreements.<ref name=":16" />
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|{{flag|Lithuania}}||1992-12-30
|See [[Belarus–Lithuania relations]]
Both countries recognised each other's independence in December 1991, and signed an agreement on diplomatic relations on 30 December 1992.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|url=http://lithuania.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|title=Bilateral Relations|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus to the Republic of Lithuania|access-date=2018-09-11}}</ref>
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Vilnius]] and an honorary consulate in [[Klaipėda]].<ref name=":21" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lithuania.mfa.gov.by/lt/honoraryconsul/|title=Baltarusijos Respublikos garbės konsulas Klaipėdoje|website=Baltarusijos Respublikos ambasada Lietuvos Respublikoje|language=lt|trans-title=Honorary Consul of the Republic of Belarus in Klaipeda|access-date=2018-09-11}}</ref>
* Lithuania has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate general in [[Hrodna]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://by.mfa.lt/by/lt/embasycontacts|title=Kintaktai|website=Lietuvos Respublikos ambasada Baltarusijos Respublikoje|language=lt|trans-title=Contacts|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225636/http://by.mfa.lt/by/lt/embasycontacts|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://consulate-grodno.mfa.lt/grodno/lt/embasycontacts|title=Kintaktai|website=Lietuvos Respublikos genalinis konsulatas Gardine|language=lt|trans-title=Contacts|access-date=11 September 2018|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225429/http://consulate-grodno.mfa.lt/grodno/lt/embasycontacts|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Both countries share {{Convert|679|km||abbr=on}} of common border.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gpk.gov.by/en/maps/|title=Interactive map|website=Information Portal|publisher=State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus|language=en|access-date=2018-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225316/http://gpk.gov.by/en/maps/|archive-date=11 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Malta}}||1993-02-16
|Diplomatic relations were established on 16 February 1993.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eng.belta.by/politics/view/belarus-malta-mark-25-years-of-diplomatic-relations-109385-2018/|title=Belarus, Malta mark 25 years of diplomatic relations|date=2018-02-16|work=Belarus News|access-date=2018-09-11|publisher=Belarusian Telegraph Agency|language=en-EN}}</ref>

* Belarus is represented in Malta through its embassy in [[Rome]], Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignaffairs.gov.mt/en/Pages/Foreign%20Diplomatic%20Missions%20accredited%20to%20Malta/Belarus.aspx|title=Belarus|website=foreignaffairs.gov.mt|language=en|access-date=2018-09-11}}</ref>
* Malta is represented in Belarus through its embassy in [[Warsaw]], Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignaffairs.gov.mt/en/Pages/Maltese%20Diplomatic%20Representations%20Overseas/Belarus.aspx|title=Belarus|website=foreignaffairs.gov.mt|language=en|access-date=2018-09-11|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225610/https://foreignaffairs.gov.mt/en/Pages/Maltese%20Diplomatic%20Representations%20Overseas/Belarus.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Moldova}}||1992-11-19
|Bilateral relations were established on 19 November 1992.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=http://www.belarus.mfa.md/diplomatic-relations-md/|title=Relaţii diplomatice|website=Ambasada Republicii Moldova în Republica Belarus|language=ro|trans-title=Diplomatic Relations|access-date=2018-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192457/http://www.belarus.mfa.md/diplomatic-relations-md/|archive-date=15 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in Chisinau, opened in May 1995.<ref name=":23" />
* Moldova has an embassy in Minsk, opened July 1995.<ref name=":23" />
* President [[Alexander Lukashenko]] has made three state visits to Chisinau (August 1995,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://naviny.by/new/20180411/1523444549-lukashenko-na-sleduyushchey-nedele-uletit-v-moldovu|title=Первый официальный визит Александра Лукашенко в Молдову состоялся в сентябре 1995 года.|date=2018-04-11|access-date=2018-04-28|language=ru|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005307/https://naviny.by/new/20180411/1523444549-lukashenko-na-sleduyushchey-nedele-uletit-v-moldovu|url-status=dead}}</ref> September 2014,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://naviny.by/new/20180411/1523444549-lukashenko-na-sleduyushchey-nedele-uletit-v-moldovu|title=Последний раз белорусский руководитель посещал эту страну 24—25 сентября 2014 года.|date=2018-04-11|access-date=2018-04-28|language=ru|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005307/https://naviny.by/new/20180411/1523444549-lukashenko-na-sleduyushchey-nedele-uletit-v-moldovu|url-status=dead}}</ref> April 2018<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.europalibera.org/a/29159192.html| title = Igor Dodon îl așteaptă în vizită pe președintele din Belarus, Aliaxandr Lukașenka| newspaper = Radio Europa Liberă| date = 11 April 2018| last1 = Moldova| first1 = Europa Liberă}}</ref>)
* List of Ambassadors of Belarus in Moldova: [[Vasily Sakovich]] (1999–2009),<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ipn.md/en/politica/24267| title = Belarusian ambassador ends mission to Moldova {{!}} IPN| date = 2 July 2009}}</ref> [[Vyacheslav Osipenko]] (2009–2015),<ref>{{cite web| url = https://agrobiznes.md/67211.html| title = Lukaşenko consideră prioritară dezvoltarea relaţiilor cu Moldova| date = 18 March 2015}}</ref> [[Sergei Chichuk]] (2015–2020),<ref>{{cite web| url = http://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/b938ab2988591cfc.html| title = Ambassador of Belarus Sergei Chichuk presents credentials to the President of Moldova - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus}}</ref> Anatoly Kalinin( 2020–present)
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Netherlands}}||1994-03-24||See [[Belarus–Netherlands relations]]
Bilateral relations began on 24 March 1992.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=http://netherlands.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/|title=Political contacts|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Kingdom of the Netherlands|access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in [[The Hague]] and honorary consulates in [[Amsterdam]], [[Eindhoven]] and [[Hoogeveen]].<ref name=":24" />
* The Netherlands is represented in Belarus through its embassy in [[Warsaw]], Poland, and through an honorary consulate in Minsk.<ref name=":24" />
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||1992-03-02||See [[Belarus–Poland relations]]
Belarus and Poland established bilateral relations on 2 March 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://poland.mfa.gov.by/pl/bilateral_relations/political/|title=Stosunki bilateralne|website=Ambasada Republiki Białoruś w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej|language=pl|trans-title=Bilateral relations|access-date=2018-09-19}}</ref>

* Poland was one of the first countries to recognise Belarusian independence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.belembassy.org/poland/bel/index.php?p=embassy&f=relations|website=Пасолства Рэспублікі Беларусь у Рэспубліцы Польшча|language=be|script-title=be:Гісторыя дыпламатычных адносін паміж Рэспублікай Беларусь і Рэспублікай Польшча|trans-title=The history of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Poland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804131627/http://www.belembassy.org/poland/bel/index.php?p=embassy&f=relations|archive-date=4 August 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=2 March 2009}}</ref>
* Belarus has an [[embassy]] in [[Warsaw]], [[Consulate general|consulates general]] in [[Gdańsk]] and [[Białystok]], and a [[consulate]] in [[Biała Podlaska]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://poland.mfa.gov.by/pl/kunsulaty/|title=Konsulaty Republiki Białoruś w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej|website=Ambasada Republiki Białoruś w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej|language=pl|trans-title=Consulates of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of Poland|access-date=2018-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.belembassy.org:80/poland/pol/index.php?p=embassy&f=info|title=Ambasasa Republiki Białoruś w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej|language=pl|trans-title=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of Poland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714020800/http://www.belembassy.org/poland/pol/index.php?p=embassy&f=info|archive-date=14 July 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=14 July 2009}}</ref>
* Poland has an embassy in Minsk and consulates general in [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] and [[Grodno]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msz.gov.pl/en/foreign_policy/eastern_policy/belarus|title=Belarus|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland|language=en|access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||||
* Belarus is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Portugal is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania}}||1992-02-14||See [[Belarus–Romania relations]]
Romania recognised the independence of Belarus on 20 December 1991 and bilateral relations were established on 14 February 1992.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=http://romania.mfa.gov.by/ro/bilateral_relations/political/istoria/|title=Istoria relațiilor bilaterale|website=Ambasada Republicii Belarus în România|language=ro|trans-title=History of bilateral relations|access-date=2018-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211646/http://romania.mfa.gov.by/ro/bilateral_relations/political/istoria/|archive-date=19 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in [[Bucharest]].<ref name=":27" />
* Romania has an embassy in Minsk.<ref name=":27" />
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||1992-06-25||See [[Belarus–Russia relations]]
Belarus and Russia established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.embassybel.ru/belarus-russia-relations/sojuz/|website=Посольство Беларуси в России|language=ru|script-title=ru:Беларусь – Россия – Союзное государство|trans-title=Belarus - Russia - Union State|access-date=2018-09-19|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211453/http://www.embassybel.ru/belarus-russia-relations/sojuz/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus has an embassy in Moscow<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.embassybel.ru/embassy/|website=Посольство Беларуси в России|language=ru|script-title=ru:Посольство в Москве|trans-title=Embassy in Moscow|access-date=2018-09-19|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919205406/http://embassybel.ru/embassy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> with departments in [[Ekaterinburg]], [[Kazan]], [[Kaliningrad]], [[Krasnoyarsk]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Novosibirsk|Novosbirsk]], [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], [[Smolensk]], [[Ufa]] and [[Khabarovsk]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.embassybel.ru/departments/|website=Посольство Беларуси в России|language=ru|script-title=ru:Отделения|trans-title=Departments|access-date=2018-09-19|archive-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729004339/http://www.embassybel.ru/departments/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It also has honorary consuls based in [[Krasnodar|Karsnodar]], Moscow, [[Murmansk]] and the [[Tatarstan|Republic of Tatarstan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.embassybel.ru/departments/honorary/|website=Посольство Беларуси в России|language=ru|script-title=ru:Почетные консулы|trans-title=Honorary consuls|access-date=2018-09-19|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211308/http://www.embassybel.ru/departments/honorary/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate general in Brest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mid.ru/en/maps/by/?currentpage=main-country|title=Belarus|website=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-09-19}}</ref>
* Russia remains the largest and most important partner for Belarus both in the political and economic fields.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/russia/|title=Russia and Union State|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|access-date=2018-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211632/http://mfa.gov.by/en/courtiers/russia/|archive-date=19 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}}||1994-11-15||See [[Belarus–Serbia relations]]
*Serbia (then Yugoslavia) recognised Belarus in December 1991 and both countries established diplomatic relations in November 1994 and at the ambassadorial level in 1996.
*Belarus has an embassy in [[Belgrade]].
*Serbia has an embassy in Minsk.
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovakia}}||1993
|
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Bratislava]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belembassy.org/slovakia/|title=Veľvyslanectvo Bieloruskej republiky v Slovenskej republike
|website=www.belembassy.org|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110103820/http://belembassy.org/slovakia/|archive-date=10 November 2007|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* Since 1995, Slovakia has an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minsk.mfa.sk/App/WCM/ZU/MinskZU/main.nsf?Open|title=Veľvyslanectvo Slovenskej republiky v Minsku|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717084438/http://www.minsk.mfa.sk/App/WCM/ZU/MinskZU/main.nsf?Open|archive-date=17 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
|-
|{{Flag|Slovenia}}
|1992-07-23
|Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 23 July 1992.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://hungary.mfa.gov.by/en/si_pol/|title=Political and Cultural Dialogue|website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Hungary|access-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014837/http://hungary.mfa.gov.by/en/si_pol/|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Belarus is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Hungary.<ref name=":4" />
* Slovenia is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Russia.<ref name=":4" />
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||1992-02-13
|See [[Belarus–Spain relations]]
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Madrid]].
* Spain is represented in Belarus through it embassy in Moscow, Russia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation: Spanish representations in Belarus |url=https://diplomaticmonitor.org/c2c/ES-BY |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=maec.es}} </ref>
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||1992
|
* In August 2012 Belarus announced that their embassy in [[Stockholm]] would be shut down.<ref>[http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=5223214 Belarus embassy in Stockholm gets the boot] sverigesradio.se 2012-08-08</ref>
* Sweden has an embassy in Minsk, however, no accredited diplomats are stationed there and the embassy has been closed to the public since 30 August 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/Start____66284.aspx|title=Сацыяльныя сеткі - SwedenAbroad|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230184115/http://swedenabroad.com/Start____66284.aspx|archive-date=30 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Switzerland}}||
|
* Switzerland recognised Belarus on 23 December 1991.
* Switzerland has since 2019 an embassy in Minsk.<ref>{https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/fdfa/representations-and-travel-advice/belarus/ch-representation-belarus.html</ref>
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Bern]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belembassy.org/eng/17.html|title=Diplomatic Representations of the Republic of Belarus|website=www.belembassy.org|access-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312102146/http://belembassy.org/eng/17.html|archive-date=12 March 2009|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* [http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/eur/vblr/bilblr.html Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus]
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine}}||||See [[Belarus–Ukraine relations]]

* The two countries share 891 km of border.
* Belarus has an embassy in [[Kyiv]] and an honorary consulate in [[Lviv]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belembassy.org.ua/|title=Belembassy - Все про Білорусь|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127040414/http://belembassy.org.ua/|archive-date=27 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Ukraine has an embassy in Minsk and a general consulate in [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belarus.mfa.gov.ua/|title=Міністерство закордонних справ України|access-date=19 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828114236/http://www.belarus.mfa.gov.ua/|archive-date=28 August 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Both countries are members of the [[Baku Initiative]] and [[Central European Initiative]].
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1991|| See [[Belarus–United Kingdom relations]]
Belarus established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 27 January 1992.<ref name="auto3"/>
* Belarus maintains an [[Embassy of Belarus, London|embassy]] in [[London]].<ref name="auto"/>
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Belarus through its embassy in Minsk.<ref name="auto4"/>

Both countries share common membership of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref name="auto1"/> and an Investment Agreement.<ref name="auto2"/>
|}

===Oceania===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia}}|| 9 January 1992<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://australia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/aubel/ |title=Cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and Australia - Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Commonwealth of Australia |access-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016113922/http://australia.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/aubel/ |archive-date=16 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
*Australia is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dfat.gov.au/geo/belarus/Pages/belarus.aspx|title=Belarus|website=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
* Belarus is accredited to Australia from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://japan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/australia/|title=Australia|publisher=Belarusian embassy in Tokyo|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-date=7 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207105953/https://japan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/australia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--valign="top"
|{{flag|New Zealand}}||9 April 1992
|
* Belarus is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
* New Zealand is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
|}

==See also==
* [[Belarus–European Union relations]]
* [[Belarus–NATO relations]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Belarus]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Belarus]]
* [[Visa requirements for Belarusian citizens]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Foreign relations of Belarus}}
{{Belarus topics}}
{{Foreign relations of Europe}}

[[Category:Foreign relations of Belarus| ]]

Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:51:10Z

Saurabhoaoindia: done.

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nagar
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-71-Nagar.svg
| mla = [[Jawahar Singh Bedham]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:250148}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 71
}}
'''Nagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

==Member of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Political Party
|-
| [[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Adityendra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Murad Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
| [[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=2|[[Sampat Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}
|-
| [[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || Gopi Chand || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2|Mohamad Mahir Azad || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| [[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=2|[[Anita Singh Gurjar|Anita Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Wajib Ali]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Jawahar Singh Bedham]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Nagar<ref name="election2023"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Jawahar Singh Bedham]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:75579}}
|percentage = 37.52
|change = +17.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Wajib Ali]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:74048}}
|percentage = 36.76
|change = +18.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Nem Singh
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|votes = {{formatnum:46314}}
|percentage = 22.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Govind Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:2215}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change = -20.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:571}}
|percentage = 0.28
|change = -0.32
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1531}}
|percentage = 0.76
|change = -14.12
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:201439}}
|percentage = 80.53
|change = +4.1
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Nagar<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Wajib Ali
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:62644}}
|percentage = 36.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Nem Singh
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:37177}}
|percentage = 21.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Anita Singh
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:34946}}
|percentage = 20.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Murari Lal
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:31678}}
|percentage = 18.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1034}}
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25467}}
|percentage = 14.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:171163}}
|percentage = 76.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bharatpur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}
{{coord|27.42|77.10|display=title}}

[[Category:Bharatpur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Bachhwara Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:15:30Z

Saurabhoaoindia: made new info needs work

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Bachhwara Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
| map_image = 142-Bachhwara constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Surendra Mehata|Surendra Mehta]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district =[[Begusarai District|Begusarai]]
|division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency|Begusarai Lok Sabha]]
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|142]]
|established = 1951
| electors = 312,121
|reservation =None
|abolished = 
}}

'''Bachhwara Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Begusarai district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

{{Pie chart|value1=43.75|value2=25|value3=12.5|value4=18.75|value5=|color1={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|label1=[[Indian National Congress|INC (7 times)]]|color2={{party color|Communist Party of India}}|label2=[[Communist Party of India|CPI (4 times)]]|label3=[[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP (2 Times)]]|color3={{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}|color4=yellow|label4=Others (3 Times)|color5=|label5=| caption = Most Successful parties from Bachwara Vidhan Sabha}}

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 142 Bachhwara Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Bachhwara, Mansoorchak and Bhagwanpur [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]].<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Bachhwara Assembly constituency is part of No. 24 [[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Bachwara Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/bachwara.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Mithan Choudhary
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Vaidyanath Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Girish Kumar Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Vaidyanath Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Bhuvneshwar Rai
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Ramdeo Rai]]
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Ayodhya Prasad Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2" |Awadhesh Rai
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|Uttam Kumar Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ramdeo Rai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|Awadhesh Rai
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Ramdeo Rai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Surendra Mehta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bachhwara<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Bachhwara">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Bachhwara |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04142.htm |access-date=23 November 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251123142345/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04142.htm |archive-date=23 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Surendra Mehata]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:100343}}
|percentage = 45.03
|change = {{increase}}14.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Shiv Prakash Garib Das
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:84502}}
|percentage = 37.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Awadhesh Kumar Rai]]
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:21588}}
|percentage = 9.69
|change = {{decrease}}20.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ramod Kumar
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:7654}}
|percentage = 3.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bipeen Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2383}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1893}}
|percentage = 0.85
|change = {{increase}}0.33
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:15841}}
|percentage = 7.11
|change = {{increase}}6.84
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:222847}}
|percentage = 71.4
|change = {{increase}}10.53
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing = NDA
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bachhwara<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Surendra Mehata]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:54738}}
|percentage = 30.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Awadhesh Kumar Rai]]
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:54254}}
|percentage = 29.94
|change = +12.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shiv Prakash Garib Das
|votes = {{formatnum:39878}}
|percentage = 22.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Indra Kumari
|votes = {{formatnum:9704}}
|percentage = 5.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Yuva Krantikari Party
|candidate = Akhilesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:4477}}
|percentage = 2.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dular Chand Sahani
|votes = {{formatnum:3131}}
|percentage = 1.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ram Naresh Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:2972}}
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Jan Jan Party
|candidate = Lipi Kumari
|votes = {{formatnum:2368}}
|percentage = 1.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Gautam Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2271}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:945}}
|percentage = 0.52
|change = -1.53
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:484}}
|percentage = 0.27
|change = -22.61
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:181192}}
|percentage = 60.87
|change = +1.48
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = 0.27
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bachhwara constituency<ref name="Bachhwara Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Bachhwara Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/bachhwara |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251123142353/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/bachhwara |archive-date=23 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Ramdeo Rai]]
|votes = {{formatnum:73983}}
|percentage = 45.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Arvind Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:37052}}
|percentage = 22.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Awadhesh Kumar Rai]]
|votes = {{formatnum:28539}}
|percentage = 17.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Subhash Kumar Ishwar
|votes = {{formatnum:7296}}
|percentage = 4.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Binay Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:4944}}
|percentage = 3.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party
|candidate = Srimati Kundan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1816}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Shweta Suman Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:1460}}
|percentage = 0.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3311}}
|percentage = 2.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:36931}}
|percentage = 22.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:161440}}
|percentage = 59.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing = 23%
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Munger Division topics}}

[[mansurchak block]]

{{Bihar elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Begusarai district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]
{{coord|25|35|33|N|85|54|11|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=inline,title}}

Khubani ka meetha

2026-04-11T16:09:36Z

Saurabhoaoindia: adding a info

{{Short description|Hyderabadi dessert made from dried apricots}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Khubani ka meetha
| image = Khobani Ka Meetha.JPG
| caption =
| alternate_name =
| region = [[Hyderabad]]
| creator =
| course =
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Apricot]]s, blanched [[almond]]s, kewra/gulab jal, cream<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20031028072900/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/16/stories/2002101600360401.htm The Hindu : Apricot dessert]</ref>
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}

[[File:Qubani ka Meetha ( Apricot Sauce with Custard ).jpg|thumb|Qubani ka Meetha ]]
'''Khubani ka meetha''' or '''qubani ka meetha''' is a dessert made from [[dried apricot]]s, originating from [[Hyderabad Deccan|Hyderabad]], India.<ref name="Spectrum">[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050130/spectrum/food.htm The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum]</ref> It is a part of [[Hyderabadi cuisine]] and is a common feature at Hyderabadi weddings.

==History==
''Khubani'' or ''khobani'' ([[wikt:خوبانی|خوبانی]]) is [[Urdu language|Urdu]] for apricot; it is believed that apricots were introduced to [[India]] by [[Central Asians]].<ref name="Spectrum"/>

==Ingredients==
Dried apricots from [[Afghanistan]] are especially prized for their flavour. Khubani ka meetha is a very popular dessert of India's [[Hyderabadi cuisine]].

Preparation of the dish involves boiling apricots with syrup until they assume the consistency of a thick soup or [[compote]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cookclickndevour.com/khubani-ka-meetha-hyderabad-special/|title='Khubani Ka Meetha' |date=28 August 2019 }}</ref> The dessert is topped with blanched [[almonds]] or apricot kernels, and is traditionally garnished with [[malai]] (extra thick cream, ideally from buffalo milk), but also with custard or [[ice cream]]. The dessert is normally served hot with malai.

== See also ==
* [[Double ka meetha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050130/spectrum/food.htm The history of Khubani ka meetha]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071107083250/http://www.bawarchi.com/cookbook/hyderabad1.html Recipe for Khubani ka Meetha]

{{Indian dishes}}
{{India topics}}

[[Category:Indian desserts]]
[[Category:Hyderabadi cuisine]]
[[Category:Muhajir cuisine]]
[[Category:Fruit desserts]]
[[Category:Apricot dishes]]
[[Category:Almond desserts]]

{{dessert-stub}}
{{india-cuisine-stub}}

Sathyavan Savithri

2026-04-02T17:43:10Z

Saurabhoaoindia:

{{distinguish|Satyavan Savithri}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sathyavan Savithri
| image = Sathyavan Savithri.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Ramesh Arvind]]
| writer = Rajendra Karanth
| based_on = ''Fleur de cactus'' and ''[[Cactus Flower (film)|Cactus Flower]]'' (1969)
| starring = [[Ramesh Aravind]]<br /> [[Daisy Bopanna]]<br /> [[Jennifer Kotwal]]
| producer = Ajay Chandani
| music = [[Gurukiran]]
| cinematography = PKH Das
| editing = P. R. Soundar Rajan
| studio = Ajay Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|06|29}}
| runtime = 137 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Sathyavan Savithri''''' is a 2007 Indian Kannada-language [[comedy (genre)|comedy]] film directed by [[Ramesh Aravind]], who costars alongside [[Jennifer Kotwal]] and [[Daisy Bopanna]]. The story written by Rajendra Karanth, is inspired by a famous French play ''Fleur de cactus'' by [[Pierre Barillet]] and ''Jean-Pierre Gredy'' which was also made in English as ''[[Cactus Flower (film)|Cactus Flower]]'' (1969) and Hindi as ''[[Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?]]'' (2005). It features soundtrack and score by [[Gurukiran]].

==Plot==
The film is about the hilarious incidents that happen in a dentist Sathyavan's (Ramesh Aravind) life. He is a big time flirt and doesn't believe in marriage. His grandfather (Dattatreya) plays a game of handing over his luxurious property to a charitable trust if he does not heed to the request of marriage. Sathyavan meets a girl Monisha (Jennifer Kotwal) and tries to woo her for marriage. Meanwhile, another girl Subbulakshmi (Daisy Bopanna) comes into his life as his secretary and the story focuses on whom Sathyavan chooses to marry.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Ramesh Aravind]] as Sathyavan
* [[Jennifer Kotwal]] as Monisha
* [[Daisy Bopanna]] as Subbulakshmi
* Nethra
* [[Mohan Shankar]]
* [[Aniruddha Jatkar|Aniruddh]]
* [[Komal Kumar]]
* [[H. G. Dattatreya]]
* [[Sadashiva Brahmavar]]
* [[Sundar Raj]]
* Shobha Raghavendra
* Pal Chandani
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Gurukiran]] for [[Anand Audio]] company. The audio was launched and released to the market on 13 June 2007. The song "Dr. Sathya" is heavily inspired from [[Barbie Girl]] song performed by Danish-based dance group [[Aqua (band)|Aqua]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dr. Sathya
| extra1 = [[Gurukiran]], [[Chaitra H. G.]]
| lyrics1 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| length1 = 4:45
| title2 = First Time Ninna Nodidaaga
| extra2 = Lakshmi Manmohan
| lyrics2 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| length2 = 4:46
| title3 = Hello Boys
| extra3 = Apoorva Sridhar, [[L. N. Shastry]], [[Gurukiran]]
| lyrics3 = Rajendra Karanth
| length3 = 4:24
}}

==Reception==
Upon release, the film met with favorable critical reviews for its comical content and character portrayals. [[Rediff.com]] reviewed with 3.5 stars saying the film is hilarious and is an enjoyable fare for family audiences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jul/02ss.htm|title=Sathyavaan Saavithri is hilarious|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' reviewed saying the film is a clean entertainer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srivani |first1=B. S. |title=Satyavan Savitri |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Jun302007/movies2007062910220.asp |website=Deccan Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505113002/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Jun302007/movies2007062910220.asp |archive-date=5 May 2014 |date=30 June 2007}}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[Cactus Flower (film)]]''
* ''[[Maine Pyar Kyun Kiya?]]''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|14288528}}
{{Ramesh Aravind}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sathyavan Savithri}}
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gurukiran]]
[[Category:2007 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ramesh Aravind]]

Lahabon railway station

2026-04-01T08:35:40Z

Saurabhoaoindia: adding data

{{Short description|Railway station in Bihar, India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = LAHABON
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image = Lahabon railway station in Bihar 01.jpg
| caption = Lahabon railway station
| address = Lahabon, [[Jamui district]], [[Bihar]]
| country = {{Flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.64052|N|86.60029|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation =
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| tracks = Broad gauge
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| platforms = 3
| parking = No
| status = {{color|green|Active}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = LHB
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Asansol}}
}}
| classification = '''NSG-6'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Eastern Railway – Asansol Division |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |publisher=Eastern Railway, Government of India |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>
| opened =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1996–97<ref name=elec>{{cite web|title=History of Electrification|url=http://www.irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|work=information published by CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification)|publisher=CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification)|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref>
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company|East Indian Railway]]
| passengers =
| map_type = India Bihar
| map_dot_label = Lahabon railway station
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in Bihar
| line = * [[Asansol–Patna section]] of [[Howrah–Delhi main line]]
| other =
| accessible =
| route_map = {{Asansol–Patna section}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Lahabon railway station''' (station code: '''LHB''') is a railway station on [[Howrah–New Delhi main line]] operated by [[Eastern Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]] under [[Asansol railway division|Asansol Division]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Railway Stations on Asansol Division |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240918055842/https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |archive-date=2024-09-18 |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=er.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref> It is situated in Lahabon in [[Jamui district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web
|title=Eastern Railway System Map (District-wise)
|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/civil_engg/2025/ER%20System%20Map%20DIstrict%20Wise_2025.pdf
|publisher=Indian Railways (Eastern Railway)
|date=2025
|access-date=2 January 2026
}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lahabon Railway Station Map/Atlas ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/lahabon-lhb/3542 |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lahabon (LHB) Railway Station: Station Code, Schedule & Train Enquiry - RailYatri |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/lahabon-lhb |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=www.railyatri.in}}</ref>

== Facilities ==
The station has three platforms with a small waiting room which is connected through a foot over bridge. Only MEMU passengers trains have scheduled halts here.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Trains at LAHABON (LHB) Railway Station : etrain.info |url=https://etrain.info/station/Lahabon-LHB/live |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=etrain.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lahabon to Lahabon Trains |url=https://erail.in/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=erail.in |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Bihar}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Jamui district]]
[[Category:Asansol railway division]]

{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Pratyabhijnahridayam

2026-04-01T07:22:42Z

Saurabhoaoindia: new redirect

#REDIRECT[[Kshemaraja]]

List of highest-grossing Indian films

2026-03-29T13:12:57Z

Saurabhoaoindia:

{{Short description|None}}
{{About|the highest-grossing films made in India|the highest-grossing films in the box office territory of India|List of highest-grossing films in India}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}

This ranking lists the '''highest-grossing Indian films''' produced by [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]], based on conservative global [[box office]] estimates as reported by organisations classified as green by Wikipedia.{{efn|See [[WP:RSP]], [[WP:ICTFSOURCES]]}} The figures are not adjusted for inflation. However, there is no official tracking of figures and sources publishing data are frequently pressured to increase their estimates.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Priya |date=23 November 2013 |title=Box Office column discontinued |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Box-Office-column-discontinued/articleshow/26211585.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126160700/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-23/news-interviews/44388852_1_weekend-numbers-box-office-numbers-small-films |archive-date=26 November 2013 |access-date=30 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Overview ==
Indian films have been screened in [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|markets around the world]] since the early 20th century.<ref name="burra">Burra, Rani Day & Rao, Maithili (2006), "Cinema", ''Encyclopedia of India (vol. 1)'', Thomson Gale, {{ISBN|978-0-684-31350-4}}.</ref> Since 2003, there are markets in over 90 countries where films from [[India]] are screened.<ref>Khanna, Amit (2003), "The Future of Hindi Film Business", ''Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema: historical record, the business and its future, narrative forms, analysis of the medium, milestones, biographies'', Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Private Limited, {{ISBN|978-81-7991-066-5}}. p 158</ref> During the first decade of the 21st century, there was a steady rise in the ticket price, a tripling in the number of theatres and an increase in the number of prints of a film being released, which led to a large increase in the box office collections.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prabhakar |first=Binoy |date=26 August 2012 |title=Business of Rs 100-cr films: Who gets what and why |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-08-26/news/33386102_1_box-office-movie-rotten-tomatoes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111054228/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-08-26/news/33386102_1_box-office-movie-rotten-tomatoes |archive-date=11 January 2014 |access-date=30 December 2013 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

As of 2014, [[Hindi cinema]] represents 43% of the net box office revenue in India, while [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema]] represent 36%, and other industries constitute 21%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Digital March Media & Entertainment in South India |url=http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/in-tmt-economic-contribution-of-motion-picture-and-television-industry-noexp.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114100635/http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/in-tmt-economic-contribution-of-motion-picture-and-television-industry-noexp.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2016 |access-date=21 April 2014 |publisher=Deloitte}}</ref> As of 2020, the combined revenue of all other language film industries has surpassed that of the Hindi film industry.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2020 |title=India Box Office collections: Regional cinema led by Telugu, Tamil movies overtakes Bollywood |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/bollywoods-big-but-regional-cinema-is-also-raking-in-the-moolah/2020134/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509124218/https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/bollywoods-big-but-regional-cinema-is-also-raking-in-the-moolah/2020134/ |archive-date=9 May 2021 |access-date=9 May 2021 |work=The Financial Express}}</ref> By 2021, Telugu cinema became the largest film industry of India in terms of box-office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2022 |title=Tollywood {{!}} ఆ విషయంలో బాలీవుడ్‌ను వెనక్కి నెట్టేసిన టాలీవుడ్.. |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/in-this-year-tollywood-surpassed-bollywood-with-collections-at-box-office-391576 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718085356/https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/in-this-year-tollywood-surpassed-bollywood-with-collections-at-box-office-391576 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=Namasthe Telangana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=7 January 2022 |title=The 'pan-Indian' strategy of Telugu cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-pan-indian-strategy-of-telugu-cinema/article38163523.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110140529/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-pan-indian-strategy-of-telugu-cinema/article38163523.ece |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Nairita |last2=Joshi |first2=Tushar |date=22 December 2021 |title=Is South cinema the new Bollywood? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/is-south-cinema-the-new-bollywood-1890835-2021-12-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227133826/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/is-south-cinema-the-new-bollywood-1890835-2021-12-22 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |access-date=20 January 2022 |magazine=India Today}}</ref> In 2023, the Hindi film industry accounted for 44% of box office revenue, followed by the Telugu industry at 19% and the Tamil industry at 16%. The [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] (5%), [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] (3%), [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]], [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]], [[Cinema of Odisha|Odia]], [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]], [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] and [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]] industries contributed to the remainder, while the foreign film industry made up 9% of the total revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India – box office distribution by language 2023 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/948615/india-regional-box-office-contribution-by-language/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528201448/https://www.statista.com/statistics/948615/india-regional-box-office-contribution-by-language/ |archive-date=28 May 2021 |access-date=9 May 2021 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, the Hindi and the Telugu film industries accounted for 40% and 20% of the domestic gross box office revenue respectively, followed by Tamil with 15% share and Malayalam with 10% share.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2025 |title=The Ormax Box Office 2024 Report |url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-ormax-box-office-2024-report.html |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=Ormax Media Pvt. Ltd. |language=en}}</ref>

== Key ==
:{{legend|#b6fcb6|size=50%|''Background shading indicates that a film, or at least one from a series, is currently showing in theatres worldwide.''}}

== Highest-grossing films ==
{{For-text|domestic gross figures|[[List of highest-grossing films in India]]|overseas gross figures|[[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets]]}}
{{Dynamic list}}

The following table lists the top 50 highest-grossing Indian films worldwide.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+Highest-grossing films
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Language
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]''
|align="right" |₹1,968–2,200 crore
|align="center" |[[Hindi]]
|align="center" |2016
|align="center" |{{efn|name="dgl"|''Dangal''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹1968.03 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="bollywood hungama-2022">{{cite news|title=Dangal Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dangal/box-office/|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 February 2022|access-date=20 February 2023|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220085114/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/movie/dangal/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>) – ₹2,023.81 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022" />) - ₹2,054 (''[[Box Office Mojo]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dangal |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt5074352/ |access-date=7 December 2024 |website=Box Office Mojo |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201154348/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt5074352/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1 USD to INR: Tracking historical exchange rate from 1947 to 2025 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/explainers/1-usd-to-inr-history/88635/1 |website=[[Forbes]] |quote=2016 = 67.63}}</ref>) – ₹2,200 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref name="HindustanTimes26January2018">{{cite news|title=Aamir Khan's Secret Superstar earns seven times more money in China in 1 week than what it did in India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/aamir-khan-s-secret-superstar-earns-seven-times-more-money-in-china-in-1-week-than-what-it-did-in-india/story-vxL1FtqQNNdHBty9BSVRQM.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=26 January 2018|access-date=30 January 2018|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927222148/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/aamir-khan-s-secret-superstar-earns-seven-times-more-money-in-china-in-1-week-than-what-it-did-in-india/story-vxL1FtqQNNdHBty9BSVRQM.html|url-status=live}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |2
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
| align="right" |₹1,810.6 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align="center" |2017
| align="center" |{{efn|name="bb2"|''Baahubali 2: The Conclusion''{{'s}} reported worldwide gross – 1,810.60 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2023 |title=Bahubali 2 To Sarkaru Vaari Paata, 10 Highest-Grossing Telugu Movies |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahubali-2-to-sarkaru-vaari-paata-10-highest-grossing-telugu-movies-6952471.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201001836/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahubali-2-to-sarkaru-vaari-paata-10-highest-grossing-telugu-movies-6952471.html |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=News18}}</ref> and ''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022"/>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |3
|''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]''
| align="right" |₹1,642–1,800 crore
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |{{efn|name="pushpa2"|''Pushpa 2''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹1,642 crore (''[[The Hans India]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sangam |first1=Sowmya |title=Pushpa 2 Ends Box Office Run, Sets New Indian Film Records |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/pushpa-2-ends-box-office-run-sets-new-indian-film-records-941288 |website=The Hans India |access-date=1 September 2025 |language=en |date=31 January 2025}}</ref>) – ₹1,800 crore (''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'';<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Bhavana |title=Allu Arjun's Pushpa 2 OTT release: The final streaming date is here |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/allu-arjuns-pushpa-2-the-rule-finally-streaming-on-ott-1857032 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en |date=27 January 2025}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Allu Arjun's Pushpa 2: The Rule to be out on OTT; Netflix to stream extended cut |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/allu-arjuns-pushpa-2-the-rule-to-be-out-on-ott-netflix-to-stream-extended-cut-9802087/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=27 January 2025}}</ref>).}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |4
|''[[Dhurandhar]]''
| align="right" |₹1,350.83–1,428 crore
| align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref name="dhurandhar" >{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dhurandhar/box-office/ |access-date=15 December 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2026 |title=Dhurandhar box office collection, all records broken ahead of its OTT release date: When and where to watch Ranveer Singh film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-box-office-collection-records-broken-ranveer-singh-ott-release-10500823/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |5
|''[[RRR]]''
| align="right" |₹1,300–1,387 crore
| align="center" |Telugu
| align="center" |2022
| align="center" |{{efn|name="rrr"|''RRR''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹1,300 crore (''[[News18 India]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Student No. 1 To RRR, A Look At The Box Office Collections Of SS Rajamouli Films |website=[[News18 India]] |date=28 September 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/student-no-1-to-rrr-a-look-at-the-box-office-collections-of-ss-rajamouli-films-8595579.html |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091535/https://www.news18.com/movies/student-no-1-to-rrr-a-look-at-the-box-office-collections-of-ss-rajamouli-films-8595579.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'',<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=TS |first=Sudhir |date=9 May 2024 |title=Opinion: Will Modi's attempt to ride on 'RR' be an electoral blockbuster in Telangana? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/story/will-modis-attempt-to-ride-on-rr-be-an-electoral-blockbuster-in-telangana-opinion-2537018-2024-05-09 |access-date=3 October 2024 |magazine=[[India Today]] |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007092013/https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/story/will-modis-attempt-to-ride-on-rr-be-an-electoral-blockbuster-in-telangana-opinion-2537018-2024-05-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]]''<ref name="DNA1October2024">{{cite web |last=Kanetkar |first=Riddhima |title=Baahubali with Prabhas, Vikramarkudu with Ravi Teja, RRR with Ram Charan, now Jr NTR? Decoding SS Rajamouli's 'curse' |website=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]] |date=1 October 2024 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-baahubali-prabhas-vikramarkudu-ravi-teja-rrr-ram-charan-now-jr-ntr-devara-decoding-ss-rajamouli-curse-3110753 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091935/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-baahubali-prabhas-vikramarkudu-ravi-teja-rrr-ram-charan-now-jr-ntr-devara-decoding-ss-rajamouli-curse-3110753 |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹1,387 crore (''[[NDTV India]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Saini |first=Narendra |title=बेटे की आरआरआर ने बॉक्स ऑफिस पर कमाए थे 1300 करोड़ रुपये, सुपरस्टार पापा के साथ आया तो दी साल की सबसे बड़ी फ्लॉप |website=[[NDTV India]] |date=18 September 2024 |url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/rrr-film-earned-1300-crores-at-box-office-but-when-ram-charan-came-with-superstar-father-chiranjeevi-give-biggest-flop-of-the-year-6591148 |access-date=3 October 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003140823/https://ndtv.in/bollywood/rrr-film-earned-1300-crores-at-box-office-but-when-ram-charan-came-with-superstar-father-chiranjeevi-give-biggest-flop-of-the-year-6591148 |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |6
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|1243.06 crore}}
| align="center" | Hindi
| align="center" |2026
| align="center" |<ref name="D2">{{Cite web |access-date=22 March 2026 |title=Dhurandhar The Revenge Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dhurandhar-the-revenge/box-office/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |7
|''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]''
| align="right" |₹1,200–1,250 crore
| align="center" |[[Kannada]]
| align="center" |2022
| align="center" |{{efn|name="kgf2"|''[[The New Indian Express]]'' and ''[[DNA India]]''<ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web|title=Kantara box office collection: Rishab Shetty starrer is second Kannada film post KGF Chapter 2 to earn $1 million in USA|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rishab-shetty-starrer-kantara-is-second-kannada-film-after-yash-kgf-chapter-2-to-earn-1-million-in-usa-2995160|website=[[DNA India]]|access-date=23 October 2022|archive-date=23 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023020106/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rishab-shetty-starrer-kantara-is-second-kannada-film-after-yash-kgf-chapter-2-to-earn-1-million-in-usa-2995160|url-status=live}}</ref> reported the worldwide collection to be around {{INR|1200}} crore<ref name="indulgexpress.com">{{cite news|title=KGF: Chapter 2 completes 100 days in theatres, makers say it is 'just the beginning'|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2022/jul/22/kgf-chapter-2-scores-a-century-makers-say-its-just-the-beginning-42535.html|website=[[The New Indian Express|The Indulge Express]]|access-date=22 August 2022|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015050729/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2022/jul/22/kgf-chapter-2-scores-a-century-makers-say-its-just-the-beginning-42535.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to {{INR|1216}} crore,<ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2022/May/14/southywoodslam-2452836.html | title=Southywood Slam! - the New Indian Express | date=8 May 2022 | access-date=4 September 2022 | archive-date=4 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904170803/https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2022/may/15/southywoodslam-2452836.amp | url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'' mentioned the collection as ₹1,207 crore.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite web|title=Kantara box office: Rishab Shetty's film is 6th biggest Kannada movie ever. See who else is on the list|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483.html|website=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=15 October 2022|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015100500/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483-amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
''[[News 18]]''<ref name="news18.com">{{cite web|title=From KGF: Chapter 2 To RRR: A Look At The Highest Grossing Movies|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/from-kgf-chapter-2-to-rrr-a-look-at-the-highest-grossing-movies-5378083.html|website=[[News 18]]|date=15 June 2022 |access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820174151/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/from-kgf-chapter-2-to-rrr-a-look-at-the-highest-grossing-movies-5378083.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kgf-chapter-2-box-office-collection-day-50-yash-s-film-inches-closer-to-rs-1250-crore-globally-1957741-2022-06-03 | title=KGF Chapter 2 box office collection Day 50: Yash's film inches closer to Rs 1250 crore globally | date=3 June 2022 | access-date=5 June 2022 | archive-date=5 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605111417/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/kgf-chapter-2-box-office-collection-day-50-yash-s-film-inches-closer-to-rs-1250-crore-globally-1957741-2022-06-03 | url-status=live }}</ref> mentioned that the collection was {{INR|1240}} crore. ''[[The Times Of India]]'',<ref name="kgf2-to-vikrant-rona-5-pan-india">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kgf2-to-vikrant-rona-5-pan-india-kannada-films-that-shocked-the-indian-box-office/etphotostory/93181142.cms | title='KGF2' to 'Vikrant Rona', 5 Pan-India Kannada Films that shocked the Indian box-office | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=28 July 2022 | access-date=4 August 2022 | archive-date=24 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424052946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kgf2-to-vikrant-rona-5-pan-india-kannada-films-that-shocked-the-indian-box-office/etphotostory/93181142.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kannada-films-rock-the-100-cr-club/articleshow/95459571.cms | title=Kannada films rock the 100-cr club | website=[[The Times of India]] | last1=S | first1=Sridevi | access-date=12 November 2022 | archive-date=7 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407042822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kannada-films-rock-the-100-cr-club/articleshow/95459571.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Vijaya Karnataka]]'',<ref name="vijaykarnataka.com">{{cite web | url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/james-kgf-chapter-2-777-charlie-after-vikrant-rona-enters-rs-100-cr-club/articleshow/93292664.cms | title=ವಿಶ್ವ ಸಿನಿಪ್ರಿಯರ ಗಮನಸೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಿದೆ ಸ್ಯಾಂಡಲ್‌ವುಡ್‌! ಶತಕೋಟಿ ಕ್ಲಬ್ ಸೇರಿದ ಕನ್ನಡದ 4 ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳು | access-date=4 August 2022 | archive-date=3 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803163818/https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/james-kgf-chapter-2-777-charlie-after-vikrant-rona-enters-rs-100-cr-club/amp_articleshow/93292664.cms?utm_source=hyperlink_amp&utm_medium=news-articleshow&utm_campaign=article-2 | url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[TV9 Kannada]]''<ref name="tv9kannada.com">{{cite web | url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/kgf-chapter-2-movie-still-performing-in-mumbai-yash-movie-collects-1250-crore-in-world-box-office-rmd-au34-404559.html/amp | title=ಮುಂಬೈನಲ್ಲಿ ಇನ್ನೂ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನ ಕಾಣುತ್ತಿದೆ 'ಕೆಜಿಎಫ್ 2'; ಯಶ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾದ ಒಟ್ಟೂ ಗಳಿಕೆ ಎಷ್ಟು? | date=26 June 2022 | access-date=4 August 2022 | archive-date=15 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015050743/https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/kgf-chapter-2-movie-still-performing-in-mumbai-yash-movie-collects-1250-crore-in-world-box-office-rmd-au34-404559.html/amp | url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[Asianet News]]''<ref name="newsable.asianetnews.com">{{cite web | url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/yash-kgf-chapter-2-makes-multiple-records-in-canada-drb-rcfwqh | title=Yash's KGF: Chapter 2 makes multiple records in Canada | access-date=28 May 2022 | archive-date=28 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528165834/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/yash-kgf-chapter-2-makes-multiple-records-in-canada-drb-rcfwqh | url-status=live }}</ref> reported that the movie grossed ₹1250 crores.}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |8
|''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]''
| align="right" |₹1,148.32 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name="JB">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2023 |title=Jawan Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jawan/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907202319/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jawan/box-office/ |archive-date=7 September 2023 |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |9
|''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]''
| align="right" |₹1,050.3 crore
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name="PB">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2023 |title=Pathaan Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pathaan/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217125316/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pathaan/box-office/ |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |10
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
| align="right" |₹1,042–1,100 crore
| align="center" |Telugu
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |{{efn|name="kalki"|''Kalki 2898 AD''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹1,042 (''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2024 |title=Changing dynamics of box-office as Indian movies break records in 2024 – List of six highest grossing films |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-changing-dynamics-of-box-office-as-indian-movies-break-records-in-2024-list-of-six-highest-grossing-films-3697006/ |access-date=31 December 2024 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2025 |title=Dhurandhar storms past Rs 1,050 crore globally, becomes 7th biggest Indian film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dhurandhar-storms-past-rs-1050-crore-globally-becomes-7th-biggest-indian-film-2843128-2025-12-29 |access-date=29 December 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>) –₹1,052.5 crore (''[[ThePrint]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Tina |date=31 December 2024 |title=Telugu films were most successful in 2024. No wonder Anurag Kashyap wants to ditch Bollywood |url=https://theprint.in/feature/telugu-films-were-most-successful-in-2024-no-wonder-anurag-kashyap-wants-to-ditch-bollywood/2425845/ |access-date=31 December 2024 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>) –₹1,100 crore (''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Confirmed: Prabhas' Kalki 2898 AD to stream on Prime Video from this date! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/confirmed-kalki-2898-ad-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-this-date-1817078 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827134626/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/confirmed-kalki-2898-ad-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-this-date-1817078 |archive-date=27 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> ''Business Standard'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rawat |first1=Sudeep Singh |title=Kalki 2898 AD sequel shooting to begin in 2025, the producers confirm |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-sequel-shooting-to-begin-in-2025-the-producers-confirm-124083001005_1.html |website=Business Standard |date=30 August 2024}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title='Kalki 2898 AD' to stream on Prime Video from August 22 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-august-22-3154110 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817231702/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-august-22-3154110 |archive-date=17 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD starts streaming now: Where to watch Prabhas, Deepika Padukone, Amitabh Bachchan's new film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-starts-streaming-now-where-to-watch-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-new-film-101724296684337.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827134506/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/kalki-2898-ad-starts-streaming-now-where-to-watch-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-new-film-101724296684337.html |archive-date=27 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> and [[The Statesman (India)|''The Statesman'']]<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=Deepika shines as 'Sumathi' in Kalki 2898 AD, film hits 1100 cr |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/deepika-shines-as-sumathi-in-kalki-2898-ad-film-hits-1100-cr-1503325486.html/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728173403/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/deepika-shines-as-sumathi-in-kalki-2898-ad-film-hits-1100-cr-1503325486.html/amp |archive-date=28 July 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=The Statesman}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |11
|''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]''
| align="right" |₹917.82 crore
| rowspan="4" align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name="AB">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2024 |title=Animal Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/animal/box-office/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102065840/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/animal/box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |12
|''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]''
| align="right" |₹900.9–969.06 crore
| align="center" |2015
| align="center" |{{efn|name="bbn"|''Bajrangi Bhaijaan''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹900.90 crore (''[[Firstpost]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=MK |first=Surendhar |title=Bajrangi Bhaijaan dethrones Secret Superstar to become third highest-grossing Indian film of all time |website=Firstpost |date=30 March 2018 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bajrangi-bhaijaan-dethrones-secret-superstar-to-become-third-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-all-time-4411939.html |access-date=29 August 2024 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105164648/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bajrangi-bhaijaan-dethrones-secret-superstar-to-become-third-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-all-time-4411939.html |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹918.18 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Bajrangi Bhaijaan Box Office Collection |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=21 May 2020 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bajrangi-bhaijaan/box-office/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |archive-date=21 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921202558/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bajrangi-bhaijaan/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹969 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref name="india today-2023a">{{Cite web |date=8 February 2023 |title=Dangal, Pathaan to PK: 8 top highest grossing Indian films worldwide |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dangal-pathaan-to-pk-8-top-highest-grossing-indian-films-worldwide-2332217-2023-02-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806172050/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dangal-pathaan-to-pk-8-top-highest-grossing-indian-films-worldwide-2332217-2023-02-08 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |13
|''[[Stree 2]]''
| align="right" |₹874.58 crore
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |<ref name=S2>{{Cite news |title=Stree 2 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stree-2-2/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816054421/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stree-2-2/box-office/ |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=17 August 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |14
|''[[Secret Superstar]]''
| align="right" |₹858.43–966 crore
| align="center" |2017
| align="center" |{{efn|name="ssr"|''Secret Superstar''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹858.43(''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="box office india-2">{{Cite news |title=TOP GROSSERS ALL FORMATS WORLDWIDE GROSS |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/all_format_worldwide_gross.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234559/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/all_format_worldwide_gross.php |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=6 August 2023 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>) – ₹966 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref name="india today-2023a"/>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |15
| ''[[Kantara: Chapter 1]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|850–900 crore}}
| align="center" |Kannada
| align="center" | 2025
| align="center" | {{efn|name="kanch1"|{{INR|850 crore}}{{efn|name=bo|Various sources mentioned the gross theatrical collections to be around ₹850 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 October 2025 |title='Kantara' Goes Global in English|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/hyderabad-chronicle/kantara-goes-global-in-english-1911794|access-date=4 November 2025 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= 27वें दिन भी 'कांतारा चैप्टर 1' की कमाई में दिखा उछाल, बुधवार को हुआ इतना कलेक्शन; अब इस माइलस्टोन पर निगाहें|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/kantara-chapter-1-box-office-collection-day-27-rishab-shetty-starrer-movie-nears-to-complete-600-crore-2025-10-28?pageId=2|access-date=31 October 2025 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 October 2025 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kantara-chapter-1-rishab-shetty-epic-crosses-rs-600-crore-in-india-beats-chhaava-to-become-highest-grossing-film-in-india-in-2025-3186064|title=Kantara Chapter 1: Rishab Shetty's epic crosses Rs 600 crore in India, beats Chhaava to become highest-grossing film in...|access-date=31 October 2025 |website=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]|language=en}}</ref>}}}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |16
| ''[[Chhaava]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|797.34–809 crore}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" | 2025
| align="center" |{{efn|name="chhaava"|''Chhaava''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹797.34 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="Bollywood Hungama">{{cite web |title=Chhaava Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chhaava/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=18 April 2025 |language=en |date=14 February 2025}}</ref>) – ₹800 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2025 |title=Bollywood 2025 mid-year box office: Chhaava won, Sikandar lost - any lessons learnt? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bollywood-2025-mid-year-box-office-chhaava-won-sikandar-lost-any-lessons-learnt-2747601-2025-06-28 |access-date=28 June 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹804.85 crore (''[[The Economic Times]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chhaava OTT release date confirmed: When and where to watch Vicky Kaushal's superhit historical-drama? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/chhaava-ott-release-date-confirmed-when-and-where-to-watch-vicky-kaushals-superhit-historical-drama/articleshow/120151886.cms |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |date=10 April 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref>) – ₹807.40 crore (''[[DNA India]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wadhwa |first=Aman |title=Chhaava box office collection: Vicky Kaushal-starrer becomes third Bollywood film to earn Rs 600 crore in India after.... |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-chhaava-box-office-collection-vicky-kaushal-starrer-becomes-third-bollywood-film-to-earn-rs-600-crore-in-india-after-jawan-stree-2-beats-animal-pathaan-gadar-2-dangal-3146658 |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹809 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Most popular Indian film of 2025 is a historical, made 500% profit; beat Sitaare Zameen Par, Sikandar, Kesari Chapter 2 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/most-popular-indian-film-of-2025-imdb-chhava-vicky-kaushal-500-profit-beat-sitaare-zameen-par-sikandar-kesari-chapter-101752039210942-amp.html |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=9 July 2025 }}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |17
|''[[PK (film)|PK]]''
| align="right" |₹750.6–769.89 crore
| align="center" |2014
| align="center" |{{efn|name="pk"|''PK''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹750.60 crore(''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="box office india-2" />) – ₹769.89 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="bollywood hungama-2014">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2014 |title=PK Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pk/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221085337/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pk/box-office/ |archive-date=21 February 2021 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |18
|''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''
| align="right" |₹699.89–800 crore
| align="center" |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |2018
| align="center" |{{efn|name="2.0"|''2.0''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹699.89 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Grossers All Formats Worldwide Gross |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/all_format_worldwide_gross.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234559/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/all_format_worldwide_gross.php |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=1 October 2023 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>) – ₹800 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Before 'Jailer', here's a look at top 7 highest-grossing films of Rajinikanth |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/before-jailer-heres-a-look-at-top-7-highest-grossing-films-of-rajinikanth-2417510-2023-08-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828091047/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/before-jailer-heres-a-look-at-top-7-highest-grossing-films-of-rajinikanth-2417510-2023-08-08 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=8 August 2023 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |19
|''[[Gadar 2]]''
| align="right" |₹691.08 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name="gdr2">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2023 |title=Gadar 2 Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office – Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/gadar-2/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919035254/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/gadar-2/box-office/ |archive-date=19 September 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |20
|''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]''
| align="right" |₹615.71–623.33 crore
| align="center" |2016
| align="center" |{{efn|name="stn"|''Sultan''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹615.71 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="box office india-2" />) – ₹623.33 crore (''[[Firstpost]]''<ref name="firstpost-2018">{{Cite news |date=12 September 2018 |title=Salman Khan's Sultan rakes in $5 million in 11 days in China, surpassing Padmaavat's overseas earnings |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/salman-khans-sultan-rakes-in-5-million-in-11-days-in-china-surpassing-padmaavats-overseas-earnings-5166231.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819163316/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/salman-khans-sultan-rakes-in-5-million-in-11-days-in-china-surpassing-padmaavats-overseas-earnings-5166231.html |archive-date=19 August 2020 |access-date=22 September 2018 |work=Firstpost}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |21
|''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''
| align="right" |₹614–702 crore
| align="center" |Telugu
| align="center" | 2023
| align="center" |{{efn|name="slr"|According to [[Box Office India]] ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' grossed around ₹612 crore worldwide and [[Hindustan Times]] reported ₹617 crore while [[India Today]] reported that the film grossed around ₹700 crore worldwide during its 2023 run. In July 2024, the film released in Japan, earning JPY 23 million (USD 142,000; ₹1.19 crore) in its initial days, bringing the adjusted worldwide total to approximately ₹614–702 crore.<ref name="sp1">{{Cite web |title=Salaar Final India And Worldwide Business |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8304|access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Box Office India|date=18 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2025 |title=Meet star with most ₹500 crore box office hits: The star kid who beat Shah Rukh, Salman Khan, Rajinikanth, Ranbir Kapoor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/star-with-most-500-crore-box-office-hits-prabhas-baahubali-kalki-salaar-shah-rukh-salman-khan-rajinikanth-ranbir-kapoor-101756358697430.html |access-date=29 August 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prabhas's 'Salaar' is the third biggest opener in Japan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-salaar-third-biggest-opener-japan-2564757-2024-07-10 |website=India Today |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en |date=10 July 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |22
|''[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]''
| align="right" |₹605–650 crore
| align="center" |Tamil
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |{{efn|name="fsjr"|''Jailer''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹605 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2024 |title=Vettaiyan worldwide box office Day 4: Rajinikanth's 7th entry in Rs 200 crore club |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vettaiyan-worldwide-box-office-collection-day-4-detailed-report-rajinikanth-7th-entry-in-rs-200-crore-club-2616744-2024-10-14 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>) – ₹650 crore (''[[Firstpost]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2023 |title=Rewind 2023: How Rajinikanth's Jailer, Thalapathy Vijay's Leo, Gippy Grewal's Carry On Jatta 3 ruled the box-office |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rewind-2023-how-rajinikanths-jailer-thalapathy-vijays-leo-gippy-grewals-carry-on-jatta-3-ruled-the-box-office-13561102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101042606/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rewind-2023-how-rajinikanths-jailer-thalapathy-vijays-leo-gippy-grewals-carry-on-jatta-3-ruled-the-box-office-13561102.html |archive-date=1 January 2024 |access-date=20 April 2024 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |23
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
| align="right" |₹599.72–650 crore
| align="center" |Telugu/Tamil
| align="center" |2015
| align="center" |{{efn|name="bb1"|''Baahubali: The Beginning''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹599.72 (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022">{{Cite web |title=Top Grossers All Formats Worldwide Gross |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/all_format_worldwide_gross.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091327/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4396 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>) – ₹600 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2022 |title=Is Ranbir Kapoor's Brahmastra a hit or a massive flop? Trade expert reveals |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/is-ranbir-kapoors-brahmastra-a-hit-or-a-massive-flop-trade-expert-reveals-2282381-2022-10-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009034606/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/is-ranbir-kapoors-brahmastra-a-hit-or-a-massive-flop-trade-expert-reveals-2282381-2022-10-08 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |access-date=9 October 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |quote=Baahubali: The Beginning, which hit the screens in 2015, did not yield any initial profits for the makers. It is, however, regarded as a success as it collected Rs 600 crore at the box office.}}</ref> and ''[[The Indian Express]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Baahubali 1 earned Rs 600 crore but made zero profit. The reason is Baahubali 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/baahubali-1-ss-rajamouli-earned-rs-600-crore-but-made-zero-profit-the-reason-is-baahubali-2-karan-johar-4592038/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512190903/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/baahubali-1-ss-rajamouli-earned-rs-600-crore-but-made-zero-profit-the-reason-is-baahubali-2-karan-johar-4592038/ |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>) – ₹650 (''Firstpost''<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2017 |title=Baahubali rights snapped up by Netflix for Rs 25.5 crore; The Conclusion completes 100 days in theatres |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bahubali-2-baahubali-rights-snapped-up-by-netflix-for-rs-25-5-crore-the-conclusion-completes-100-days-in-theatres-3914757.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212034544/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bahubali-2-baahubali-rights-snapped-up-by-netflix-for-rs-25-5-crore-the-conclusion-completes-100-days-in-theatres-3914757.html |archive-date=12 December 2017 |access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |24
|''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]''
| align="right" |₹595–615 crore
| align="center" |Tamil
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |{{efn|name="leo"|''Leo''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between
₹595 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leo Box Office Collection |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8249 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>) –
₹615 crore (''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2023 |title=Top 10 Kollywood Blockbusters, Box Office Hits|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/181123/leo-to-sarkar-top-10-highest-grossing-tamil-films.html |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>).}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |25
|''[[Sanju]]''
| align="right" |₹586.85 crore
| rowspan="5" align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2018
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanju Box Office Collection till Now |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sanju/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521190153/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sanju/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |archive-date=21 May 2018 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |26
| ''[[Saiyaara (film)|Saiyaara]]''
| align="right" |₹579.23 crore
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saiyaara Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/saiyaara/box-office/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=18 July 2025 |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |27
|''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]''
| align="right" |₹565.1 crore
| align="center" |2017
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger Zinda Hai – Movie |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3689 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406231254/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3689 |archive-date=6 April 2018 |access-date=6 April 2018 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |28
|''[[Padmaavat]]''
| align="right" |₹563.55–571.98 crore
| align="center" |2018
| align="center" |{{efn|''Padmaavat''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹563.55 (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022" />) – 571.98 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Padmaavat Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/padmaavat/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922032856/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/padmaavat/box-office/ |archive-date=22 September 2022 |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>)}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |29
|''[[Dhoom 3]]''
|align="right" |₹556.74–558.42 crore
|align="center" |2013
|align="center" |{{efn|name="dhm3"|''Dhoom 3''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹556.74 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhoom 3 Box Office Collection |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=15 August 2024 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dhoom-3/box-office/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |archive-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118104138/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dhoom-3/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹558.42 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022"/>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |30
| ''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|514–675}} crore
| align="center" |Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" |2025
| style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name="coolie"|''Coolie''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between
₹514 crore (''[[The Hans India]]'';<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keval |first1=Varun |title=Coolie OTT Release: Rajinikanth Action Thriller Now Streaming on Prime Video |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/coolie-ott-release-rajinikanth-action-thriller-now-streaming-on-prime-video-1005484 |website=[[The Hans India]] |access-date=13 September 2025 |language=en |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> ''[[Filmfare]]'';<ref>{{cite web |title=Here's Where You Can Watch Rajinikanth's Coolie Online {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/heres-where-you-can-watch-rajinikanths-coolie-online-77570.html |website=[[Filmfare]] |access-date=13 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Network18 Group]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Coolie releases on OTT: Watch Rajinikanth, Nagarjuna Akkineni and Shruti Haasan starrer now |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/coolie-releases-on-ott-watch-rajinikanth-nagarjuna-akkineni-and-shruti-haasan-starrer-now-article-13537878.html |website=[[Network18 Group]] |access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref>) –
₹515 crore (''[[OTTPlay]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Coolie on OTT: Lokesh Kanagaraj-Rajinikanth's actioner fails to get Tamil cinema's 1000-crore goal, finishes at halfway mark and yet holds records |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/coolie-on-ott-lokesh-kanagaraj-rajinikanths-actioner-fails-tamil-cinemas-1000-crore-aim-finishes-at-halfway-mark-and-yet-holds-records/4ed0576566878 |website=OTTPlay |access-date=13 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹675 crore (''[[The Indian Express]]'';<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/total-box-office-collection-of-coolie-movie-across-the-world-10445715|title=அமெரிக்காவில் கமல்ஹாசனை முந்திய ரஜினி... கூலி மொத்த வசூல் எவ்வளவு தெரியுமா?|website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> ''[[Zee News]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/rajinikanth-coolie-movie-to-release-on-amazon-prime-video-ott-platform-at-12-midnight-today-609720|title=Coolie OTT: சரியாக 12 மணிக்கு வெளியாகும் கூலி.. எந்த ஓடிடி தளத்தில் பார்க்கலாம்?|date=10 September 2025|website=[[Zee News]]}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |31
|''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''
| align="right" |₹474.79–475.62 crore
| rowspan="4" align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2019
| align="center" |{{efn|name="war"|''War''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹474.79 core (''[[India Today]]''<ref name="india today-2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/hrithik-roshan-s-war-to-ranveer-singh-s-gully-boy-10-money-spinners-of-2019-1632562-2019-12-30|title=War at Rs 475 crore to Gully Boy at Rs 240 crore: Top 10 highest money grossers of 2019|website=India Today|date=30 December 2019 |access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922084203/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/hrithik-roshan-s-war-to-ranveer-singh-s-gully-boy-10-money-spinners-of-2019-1632562-2019-12-30|url-status=live}}</ref> – 475.62 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="bollywood hungama-3">{{Cite web |title=War Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/war/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715070700/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/war/box-office/ |archive-date=15 July 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |32
|''[[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]''
| align="right" |₹470.6 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2023 |title=Dunki Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dunki/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921004406/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dunki/box-office/ |archive-date=21 September 2023 |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |33
|''[[Tiger 3]]''
| align="right" |₹466.63 crore
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2023 |title=Tiger 3 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tiger-3/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125153404/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tiger-3/box-office/ |archive-date=25 November 2023 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |34
| ''[[Border 2]]''
| align="right" |₹464.50 crore
| align="center" |2026
| align="center" |<ref name="border2" >{{Cite web |date=24 January 2026 |title=Border 2 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/border-2/box-office/ |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |35
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]''
| align="right" |₹450–500 crore
| align="center" |Tamil
| align="center" |2022
| align="center" |{{efn|name=ps1|''Ponniyin Selvan: I''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹450 crore (''Zee News''<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 December 2022 |title=இந்த ஆண்டு வெளியான தமிழ்ப் படங்களில் பாக்ஸ் ஆபீஸ் கலெக்‌ஷனில் அசத்திய டாப் 10 படங்கள் |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/list-of-highest-grossing-tamil-movies-of-2022-by-box-office-collection-426614/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811003513/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/list-of-highest-grossing-tamil-movies-of-2022-by-box-office-collection-426614 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=19 August 2023 |work=[[Zee News]] |language=ta |quote=கிட்டதட்ட 450 கோடிக்கு மேல் படம் வசூலித்தது.}}</ref>) – ₹500 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2022 |title=Ponniyin Selvan I box office: Aishwarya Rai-starrer crosses ₹500 crore worldwide, only the second Tamil film to do so |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/ponniyin-selvan-i-box-office-aishwarya-rai-starrer-crosses-500-crore-worldwide-only-the-second-tamil-film-to-do-so-101668752375767.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118070414/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/ponniyin-selvan-i-box-office-aishwarya-rai-starrer-crosses-500-crore-worldwide-only-the-second-tamil-film-to-do-so-101668752375767.html |archive-date=18 November 2022 |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |36
|''[[Andhadhun]]''
| align="right" |₹444.48–456.89 crore
| align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2018
| align="center" |{{efn|''Andhadhun''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹444.48 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022"/>) – ₹456.89 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Andhadhun Box Office Collection till Now |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/andhadhun/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908071203/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/andhadhun/box-office/ |archive-date=8 September 2018 |access-date=13 June 2019 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |37
|''[[The Greatest of All Time]]''
| align="right" |₹440–460 crore
| align="center" |Tamil
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |{{efn|name="GOAT"|''GOAT''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹440 crore (''[[Box Office India]]'';<ref>{{cite web |title=Devara All India Box Office Collections - 260 Cr Nett Plus - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8754 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com |access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref> ''[[The Hans India]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title=OTT update: Thalapathy Vijay's 'The GOAT' to Stream on Netflix from October 3rd |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/ott-update-thalapathy-vijays-the-goat-to-stream-on-netflix-from-october-3rd-911066 |website=www.thehansindia.com |access-date=22 August 2025 |language=en |date=1 October 2024}}</ref>) – ₹452 crore (''[[The Economic Times]]'';<ref>{{cite web |title=GOAT OTT release leaves some Vijay fans disappointed. Director Venkat Prabhu drops hint about extended cut |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/goat-ott-release-leaves-some-vijay-fans-disappointed-director-venkat-prabhu-drops-hint-about-extended-cut/articleshow/113931012.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=22 August 2025 |date=4 October 2024}}</ref> ''[[NDTV]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=''The Greatest of All Time'' to stream on Netflix from October 3 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/the-greatest-of-all-time-to-stream-on-netflix-from-october-3-6690112 |website=NDTV |access-date=22 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹460 crore (''[[Filmfare]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Thalapathy Vijay To Shoot for Venkat Prabhu's GOAT VS OG In 2027? {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/thalapathy-vijay-to-shoot-for-venkat-prabhus-goat-vs-og-in-2027_-72175.html |website=www.filmfare.com |access-date=22 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |38
|''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]''
| align="right" |₹424–500 crore
| align="center" |Tamil
| align="center" |2022
| align="center" |{{efn|name=vkm|''Vikram''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹424 crore (''[[Deccan Herald]]''<ref name="deccan herald-2022">{{Cite news |date=21 December 2022 |title=10 highest grossing Indian movies worldwide in 2022 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/10-highest-grossing-indian-movies-worldwide-in-2022-1173800.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819050057/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/10-highest-grossing-indian-movies-worldwide-in-2022-1173800.html |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=19 August 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |quote=It collected Rs 424 crore worldwide.}}</ref>) – ₹435 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan 1 surpasses Vikram in Tamil Nadu to emerge the HIGHEST grossing film of ALL TIME |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-1-surpasses-vikram-tamil-nadu-emerge-highest-grossing-film-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127043159/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-1-surpasses-vikram-tamil-nadu-emerge-highest-grossing-film-time/ |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |quote=Vikram has occupied the 2nd spot with Rs. 435 crore gross.}}</ref>) – ₹500 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2022 |title=Kamal Haasan's Vikram finishes theatrical run as highest grossing film ever in Tamil Nadu, registers record footfall |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-s-vikram-finishes-theatrical-run-as-highest-grossing-film-ever-in-tamil-nadu-registers-record-footfall-101663821451673.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010000129/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-s-vikram-finishes-theatrical-run-as-highest-grossing-film-ever-in-tamil-nadu-registers-record-footfall-101663821451673.html |archive-date=10 October 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |quote=At the end of its theatrical run, the film registered a record footfall and grossed over ₹500 crore worldwide.}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |39
|''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]''
| align="right" |₹423.85 crore
| align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-3/box-office/ |access-date=20 November 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |40
|''[[Saaho]]''
| align="right" |₹419–439 crore
| align="center" |Telugu/Hindi
| align="center" |2019
| align="center" |{{efn|name="sho"|''Saaho''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹419 crore (''[[Deccan Herald]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Highest-grossing Telugu movies at WW box office |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/dh-galleries/photos/baahubali-2-to-khaidi-no-150-highest-grossing-telugu-movies-at-the-worldwide-box-office-854029 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721132804/https://www.deccanherald.com/dh-galleries/photos/baahubali-2-to-khaidi-no-150-highest-grossing-telugu-movies-at-the-worldwide-box-office-854029 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |access-date=26 July 2020 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹439 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2019 |title=War at Rs 475 crore to Gully Boy at Rs 240 crore: Top 10 highest money grossers of 2019 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/hrithik-roshan-s-war-to-ranveer-singh-s-gully-boy-10-money-spinners-of-2019-1632562-2019-12-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922084203/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/hrithik-roshan-s-war-to-ranveer-singh-s-gully-boy-10-money-spinners-of-2019-1632562-2019-12-30 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=India Today}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |41
|''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]''
| align="right" |₹418.8–430.77 crore
| align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2022
| align="center" |{{efn|''Brahmastra''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹418.80 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="BollywoodHungama3September2024">{{cite web |title=Worldwide Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623035055/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/ |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹431 crore (''[[Box Office India]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Brahmastra Final Box Office Collections: India |website=Box Office India |date=17 November 2022 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7329 |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=12 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212081012/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7329 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ponniyin Selvan I overtakes Brahmastra, Vikram to become third-highest grossing Indian film of 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |date=18 October 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/ps1-overtakes-brahmastra-to-become-third-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-2022-101666104319278.html |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162010/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/ps1-overtakes-brahmastra-to-become-third-highest-grossing-indian-film-of-2022-101666104319278.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[Zee News]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Ankita |title=Brahmastra OTT release: Heres when and where you can watch Ranbir Kapoor-Alia Bhatts blockbuster film |website=Zee News |date=20 October 2022 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/brahmastra-ott-release-heres-when-and-where-you-can-watch-ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatts-blockbuster-film-2524640.html |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162729/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/brahmastra-ott-release-heres-when-and-where-you-can-watch-ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatts-blockbuster-film-2524640.html |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |42
|''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]''
| align="right" |₹400–450 crore
| align="center" |Kannada
| align="center" |2022
| align="center" |{{efn|name="Kantara"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |43
|''[[3 Idiots]]''
| align="right" |₹400.61–460 crore
| align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2009
| align="center" |{{efn|''3 Idiots''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹397.08 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="box office india-2"/>) – ₹400.61 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="BollywoodHungama3September2024"/>) – ₹460 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2025 |title=Saiyaara final box office collection: Aneet Padda, Ahaan Panday film ends run at ₹570 cr; beats 3 Idiots, Dunki, Sultan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/saiyaara-final-box-office-collection-aneet-padda-ahaan-panday-film-ends-run-at-570-cr-beats-3-idiots-dunki-sultan-101756959811583.html |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |44
|''[[Mana Shankara Vara Prasad Garu]]''
| align="right" |₹400 crore
| align="center" |Telugu
| align="center" |2026
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2026 |title=Mana Shankara Vara Prasad Garu completes 50-day run in 109 centres |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2026/Mar/02/mana-shankara-vara-prasad-garu-completes-50-day-run-in-109-centres |access-date=17 March 2026 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |45
|''[[Chennai Express]]''
| align="right" |₹395.92–424.54 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Hindi
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2013
| align="center" |{{efn|''Chennai Express''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹395.92 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="box office india-2"/>) – ₹424.54 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="BollywoodHungama3September2024"/>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |46
|''[[Krrish 3]]''
| align="right" |₹393.37{{nbsp}}crore
| align="center" |<ref name="krrish">{{cite web |title=Krrish 3 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/krrish-3/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=November 2013 |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120064326/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/krrish-3/box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |47
|''[[Adipurush]]''
| align="right" |₹392.7 crore
|Hindi/Telugu
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name="BO">{{Cite web |last=Aggarwal |first=Mehak |date=18 July 2023 |title=Thanks to 'Pathaan', 'Adipurush'! India box office closes H1 2023 at Rs 4,868 crore |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/story/thanks-to-pathaan-adipurush-india-box-office-closes-h1-2023-at-rs-4868-crore-390173-2023-07-18 |access-date=6 December 2024 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |48
|''[[Simmba]]''
| align="right" |₹391.68–400.19 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |2018
| align="center" |{{efn|name="smb"|''Simmba''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹391.68 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Simmba |website=Box Office India |date=28 December 2018 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5568 |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908162057/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5568 |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹400.61 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="BollywoodHungama3September2024"/>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |49
|''[[Singham Again]]''
| align="right" |₹389.64 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2024
| align="center" |<ref name="SA">{{cite news |title=Singham Again Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/singham-again/box-office/ |access-date=18 November 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |50
|''[[Devara: Part 1]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|380–521 crore}}
| align="center" |Telugu
| align="center" |{{efn|name="devara"|''Devara''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between
₹380 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Devara All India Box Office Collections - 260 Cr Nett Plus - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8754 |website=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref>) –
₹420 crore (''[[DNA India]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wadhwa |first1=Aman |title=After Jawan, Kalki 2898 AD, Salaar, Devara to release in Japan on this date; can Jr NTR repeat RRR's magic? |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-after-jawan-kalki-2898-ad-salaar-devara-to-release-in-japan-on-this-date-can-jr-ntr-repeat-rrr-magic-3135515 |website=DNA India |access-date=22 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>) –
₹509 crore (''[[Business Standard]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Devara part 1 OTT release date out, Bollywood fans not happy, here's why |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/devara-part-1-ott-release-date-out-bollywood-fans-not-happy-here-s-why-nc-124110700354_1.html |website=www.business-standard.com |access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref>) –
₹521 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Devara: Part 1 Box Office: Jr. NTR starrer storms past Rs. 521+ crores worldwide :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/devara-part-1-box-office-jr-ntr-starrer-storms-past-rs-521-crores-worldwide/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=22 August 2025 |language=en |date=15 October 2024}}</ref>)}}
|-
|}

== Highest-grossing films by language ==
[[Cinema of West Bengal]] was the center of Indian cinema in the 1930s,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sarkar |first=Bhaskar |year=2008 |title=The Melodramas of Globalization |journal=Cultural Dynamics |volume=20 |pages=31–51 [34] |doi=10.1177/0921374007088054 |issn=0921-3740 |s2cid=143977618}}</ref> and accounted for a quarter of India's film output in the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2014 |title=Pather Panchali: Its history, the genius behind it, and Satyajit Rays style of working |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19800331-pather-panchali-its-history-the-genius-behind-it-and-satyajit-rays-style-of-working-806531-2014-02-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614231838/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/pather-panchali-its-history-the-genius-behind-it-and-satyajit-rays-style-of-working/1/409539.html |archive-date=14 June 2017 |access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> [[Cinema of South India|Cinema in South India]] accounted for nearly half of India's cinema halls in the 1940s.<ref name="burra" />

=== Assamese ===
[[Assamese cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema, based in [[Assam]], and is dedicated to the production of films in the [[Assamese language|Assamese]]-language. The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Assamese films produced in the Assamese film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |1
|''[[Roi Roi Binale]]''
| align="right" |₹42 crore
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |{{efn|''[[NDTV]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=असम सरकार ने बदल डाली जुबिन गर्ग की फिल्म की किस्मत, लिया ऐसा फैसला ब्लॉकबस्टर कर डाली फिल्म|url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/assam-government-changed-the-fate-of-zubeen-garg-film-roi-roi-binale-taking-a-decision-that-turned-it-into-a-blockbuster-10338117|date=5 January 2026|access-date=7 January 2026|archive-date=12 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112210808/https://ndtv.in/bollywood/assam-government-changed-the-fate-of-zubeen-garg-film-roi-roi-binale-taking-a-decision-that-turned-it-into-a-blockbuster-10338117|url-status=live|author=आनंद कश्यप|language=hi}}</ref> {{pipe}} ''[[TV9 Bharatvarsh]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zubeen Garg Last Film: जुबीन गर्ग की आखिरी फिल्म ने तोड़ दिए कमाई के सारे रिकॉर्ड, बटोरे 42 करोड़|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/photo-gallery/zubeen-garg-last-film-roi-roi-binale-became-the-biggest-assamese-film-earned-42-crore-3637560.html|date=5 January 2026|access-date=5 February 2026|archive-date=4 February 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204211135/https://www.tv9hindi.com/photo-gallery/zubeen-garg-last-film-roi-roi-binale-became-the-biggest-assamese-film-earned-42-crore-3637560.html|url-status=live|language=hi}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |2
|''Bidurbhai''
| align="right" |₹15.75 crore
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fans throng theatres as Zubeen Garg’s last film releases 42 days after his death|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/fans-throng-theatres-as-zubeen-garg-s-last-film-releases-42-days-after-his-death-101761905028737.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=31 October 2025|access-date=16 January 2026|author=Utpal Parashar|archive-date=2 February 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202125402/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/fans-throng-theatres-as-zubeen-garg-s-last-film-releases-42-days-after-his-death-101761905028737.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |3
|''[[Bhaimon Da]]''
| align="right" |₹14.31 crore
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=দুদিনত ৫.৪০ কোটি উপাৰ্জন ‘ৰৈ ৰৈ বিনালে’ৰ, অসমীয়া ছবিৰ ইতিহাসত কোটি টকা উপাৰ্জন কৰা কেইখনমান ছবি|url=https://www.assamtv9.com/entertainment/zubeen-gargs-roi-roi-binale-earns-more-than-5-crore-in-just-two-days-here-is-the-list-of-those-assamese-movies-grossed-crores-of-rupees-2134447.html|website=TV9|date=3 November 2025|access-date=2 February 2026|author=Raj Saikia|language=as|archive-date=14 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114154431/https://www.assamtv9.com/entertainment/zubeen-gargs-roi-roi-binale-earns-more-than-5-crore-in-just-two-days-here-is-the-list-of-those-assamese-movies-grossed-crores-of-rupees-2134447.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |4
|''[[Sri Raghupati]]''
| align="right" |₹13.81 crore
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|author=Sehnaz Begum|title=Sri Raghupati Box Office Collection: অসমীয়া চিনেমাৰ সৰ্বকালৰ অভিলেখ ভংগ ৰবি শৰ্মাৰ 'শ্ৰী ৰঘুপতি'ৰ|website=[[News18 Assam North East]]|date=11 August 2023|url=https://assam.news18.com/news/assam/actor-ravi-sarma-film-sri-raghupati-box-office-collection-breaks-all-previous-records-in-assamese-film-industry-collects-more-than-13-crore-sb-319297.html|language=as|access-date=29 December 2025|archive-date=12 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812083812/https://assam.news18.com/news/assam/actor-ravi-sarma-film-sri-raghupati-box-office-collection-breaks-all-previous-records-in-assamese-film-industry-collects-more-than-13-crore-sb-319297.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:right" |5
|''[[Ratnakar (film)|Ratnakar]]''
| rowspan="2" align="right" |₹10 crore
| align="center" |2019
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check out the Assamese movies in the crorepati club|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/check-out-the-assamese-movies-in-the-crorepati-club/|website=[[North East Live]]|date=31 October 2023|access-date=2 February 2026|author=Bhargobi Khaund|archive-date=8 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108133309/https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/check-out-the-assamese-movies-in-the-crorepati-club/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Rudra''
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=অভিলেখ গঢ়াৰ দিশে ৰুদ্ৰ ! এমাহত উপাৰ্জন কৰিলে ১০ কোটি|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/as/!entertainment/assamese-movie-rudra-running-successfully-earns-rs-10-crore-in-its-one-month-of-releas-assam-news-ass25072704107|access-date=27 January 2026|website=ETV Bharat|language=as|date=27 July 2025|archive-date=13 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813181643/https://www.etvbharat.com/as/!entertainment/assamese-movie-rudra-running-successfully-earns-rs-10-crore-in-its-one-month-of-releas-assam-news-ass25072704107|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:right" |6
|''[[Dr. Bezbaruah 2]]''
| rowspan="2" align="right" |₹7 crore
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name=":991">{{cite news|author=Hasid Khan|title=Assamese Movie Box Office Collection|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/entertainment/assamese-movie-box-office-collection|access-date=26 January 2026|work=[[Pratidin Time]]|date=16 October 2024|archive-date=12 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250912005054/https://www.pratidintime.com/entertainment/assamese-movie-box-office-collection|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kanchanjangha]]''
| align="center" |2019
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news|author=Namrata Joshi|title=Vijay's 'Theri' inspires Assamese cinema's biggest-ever blockbuster|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vijays-theri-inspires-assamese-cinemas-biggest-ever-blockbuster/article29971725.ece|access-date=6 January 2026|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 November 2019|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215060817/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vijays-theri-inspires-assamese-cinemas-biggest-ever-blockbuster/article29971725.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |7
|''[[Mission China]]''
| align="right" |₹6 crore
| align="center" |2017
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zubeen Garg: Life and Work of The Humming King of the World|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/opinion/story/zubeen-garg-life-and-work-of-the-humming-king-of-the-world-1283282-2025-09-27#google_vignette|website=[[India Today|India Today NE]]|date=27 September 2025|access-date=16 January 2026|author=Anshuman Dutta|archive-date=28 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928205017/https://www.indiatodayne.in/opinion/story/zubeen-garg-life-and-work-of-the-humming-king-of-the-world-1283282-2025-09-27#google_vignette|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |8
|''Malamal Boyyyz''
| align="right" |₹5.17 crore
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=২০২৫ বৰ্ষৰ বাণিজ্যিকভাৱে সফল ছবি কোনকেইখন?|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/as/entertainment/yearender-2025-from-bhaimon-da-to-roi-roi-binale-highest-grossing-assamese-films-of-the-year-assam-news-ass25122401570|website=ETV Bharat|language=as|access-date=26 January 2026|date=24 December 2025|archive-date=2 February 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202124522/https://www.etvbharat.com/as/entertainment/yearender-2025-from-bhaimon-da-to-roi-roi-binale-highest-grossing-assamese-films-of-the-year-assam-news-ass25122401570|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |9
|''Sikaar''
| align="right" |₹5 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2024
| rowspan="4" align="center" |<ref name=":991" />
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |10
|''[[Local Kung Fu 3]]''
| align="right" |₹2.30 crore
|}

=== Bengali ===
{{Main|List of highest-grossing Indian Bengali films}}
[[Cinema of West Bengal]], also known as Tollywood or Bengali cinema, is a part of Indian cinema. It is based in the [[Tollygunge]] region of [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, and is dedicated to the production of films in the [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language. The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Indian Bengali films.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Amazon Obhijaan]]''
|align="right" |₹48.63{{ndash}}50 crore
|align="center" |2017
|align="center" |{{efn|name="Amazon ObhijaanBO"|''Amazon Obhijaan''{{'s}} reported box office varies between ₹48.53 crore (''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]''<ref name="The Statesman">{{cite news |title='Amazon Obhijan' becomes highest grossing Bengali film ever |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/amazon-obhijan-becomes-highest-grossing-bengali-film-ever-1502565557.html/amp |access-date = 17 January 2018 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=16 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118064615/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bengali-cinema/amazon-obhijan-becomes-highest-grossing-bengali-film-ever-1502565557.html |archive-date=18 January 2018}}</ref>) – ₹50 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref name="HT">{{cite news |last1=Samadder |first1=Tulika |title=উচ্চারণ নিয়ে কটাক্ষ! এদিকে টলিউডের সর্বোচ্চ আয়কারী সিনেমার তালিকায় দেবের ৫ ছবি |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tollywood-box-office-a-report-claims-dev-dominates-top-5-bengali-film-with-amazon-obhijaan-chander-pahar-projapoti-31696239561757.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211063047/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tollywood-box-office-a-report-claims-dev-dominates-top-5-bengali-film-with-amazon-obhijaan-chander-pahar-projapoti-31696239561757.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 February 2025 |access-date=7 April 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 October 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> and ''[[Indian Express]]''<ref name="iexpress">{{cite news |last1=Bhanja |first1=Sandipta |title='টলিউডের বাদশা'! জিৎ-প্রসেনজিৎকে টেক্কা দিয়ে নয়া 'দুরন্ত' রেকর্ড গড়লেন দেব |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tollywood-actor-dev-sets-new-record-with-projapoti-543675/ |access-date=7 April 2025 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=11 February 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>)}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |2
|''[[Dhumketu (2025 film)|Dhumketu]]''
|align="right" |₹28.07 crore
|align="center" |2025
|align="center" |{{efn|name=fn1|In India, including West Bengal, the net income is calculated by subtracting GST from the gross income of the film.<ref name="www.etnownews.com">{{cite news |title=How is BOX OFFICE collection calculated? Discover the mathematics behind the movie magic |url=https://www.etnownews.com/entertainment/how-is-box-office-collection-calculated-discover-the-mathematics-behind-the-movie-magic-article-151759284 |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=www.etnownews.com}}</ref> The net income of the film is 23.79 crores, resulting in a gross income of almost 28.07 crores, including 18% GST.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rana |first1=Sayani |title=দ্বিতীয় সপ্তাহেও বক্স অফিসে বাজিমার 'দেশু'র! ২২ দিনে কত কোটি আয় হল 'ধূমকেতু'র? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dev-and-subhashree-ganguly-s-dhumketu-s-3rd-week-box-office-collection-31757163613118.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251015113643/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dev-and-subhashree-ganguly-s-dhumketu-s-3rd-week-box-office-collection-31757163613118.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2025 |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=6 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="BusinessLine">{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Shishir |title=Placing order for salty popcorn along with movie ticket online may result in 12-18% GST |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/placing-order-for-salty-popcorn-along-with-online-movie-ticket-may-result-in-12-18-gst/article69043339.ece |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=BusinessLine |date=30 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |2
|''[[Chander Pahar (film)|Chander Pahar]]''
| align="right" |₹22.50 crore
| align="center" |2013
| align="center" |{{efn|name="Chander PaharBO"|
*Original Release: ₹20 crore (''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]''<ref name="TheStatesman15December2017">{{Cite news |date=15 December 2017 |title=Top 5 Bengali films with good numbers at box office |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bengali_cinema/top-5-bengali-films-with-good-numbers-at-box-office-1502545532.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119202754/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bengali_cinema/top-5-bengali-films-with-good-numbers-at-box-office-1502545532.html |url-status=live}}</ref>) - ₹21 crore (''[[Indian Express]]''<ref name="iexpress">{{cite news |last1=Bhanja |first1=Sandipta |title='টলিউডের বাদশা'! জিৎ-প্রসেনজিৎকে টেক্কা দিয়ে নয়া 'দুরন্ত' রেকর্ড গড়লেন দেব |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tollywood-actor-dev-sets-new-record-with-projapoti-543675/ |access-date=7 April 2025 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=11 February 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>)
*Final Collection after Re-release in 2024: ₹22.50 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite news |last1=Samadder |first1=Tulika |title=এবার নিশানা ২০ কোটি! 'বাপ' দেবকে দেখতে থিকথিকে ভিড়, ২৩তম দিনেও বক্স অফিসে হাউজফুল খাদান |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dev-shares-video-from-his-single-screen-visist-and-khadan-box-office-house-full-in-its-4th-week-31736595760328.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118114639/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dev-shares-video-from-his-single-screen-visist-and-khadan-box-office-house-full-in-its-4th-week-31736595760328.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2025 |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=11 January 2025 |language=bn |quote=Final Box Office Collection after Re-release in 2024}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |4
|''[[Bohurupi]]''
| align="right" |₹21.24 crore
|align="center" |2024
| align="center" |{{efn|In India, including West Bengal, the net income is calculated by subtracting GST from the gross income of the film.<ref name="www.etnownews.com">{{cite news |title=How is BOX OFFICE collection calculated? Discover the mathematics behind the movie magic |url=https://www.etnownews.com/entertainment/how-is-box-office-collection-calculated-discover-the-mathematics-behind-the-movie-magic-article-151759284 |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=www.etnownews.com}}</ref> The net income of the film is 18 crores, resulting in a gross income of almost 21.24 crores, including 18% GST.<ref name="week" /><ref name="BusinessLine">{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Shishir |title=Placing order for salty popcorn along with movie ticket online may result in 12-18% GST |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/placing-order-for-salty-popcorn-along-with-online-movie-ticket-may-result-in-12-18-gst/article69043339.ece |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=BusinessLine |date=30 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |5
|''[[Khadaan]]''
| align="right" |₹20 crore
| rowspan="1" align="center" |2024
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Priyanka |title=বহুরূপীকে পিছনে ফেলে ২০ কোটির ক্লাবে 'খাদান', ১ম কোন বাংলা ছবি ছোঁয় এই মাইলফলক? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/devjisshu-starrer-khadan-crosses-20-cr-mark-at-the-box-office-devs-third-film-to-achieve-these-milestone-31738573700426.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325002542/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/devjisshu-starrer-khadan-crosses-20-cr-mark-at-the-box-office-devs-third-film-to-achieve-these-milestone-31738573700426.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 March 2025 |access-date=22 February 2025 |work=Hindustantimes Bangla |date=3 February 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="week">{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Niladry |title=How the success of two recent Bengali films prove there are still takers for commercial cinema with original content |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/04/10/how-the-success-of-two-recent-bengali-films-prove-there-are-still-takers-for-commercial-cinema-with-original-content.html |access-date=12 April 2025 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |date=10 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |6
|''[[Projapoti (2022 film)|Projapoti]]''
|align="right" |₹13 crore
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Dev and Mithun Chakraborty's 2022 blockbuster Projapati to get a sequel |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/avijit-sens-2022-blockbuster-projapati-starring-dev-and-mithun-chakraborty-to-get-a-sequel/cid/2074880 |access-date=10 January 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=2 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |7
|''[[Boss 2: Back to Rule]]''{{efn|The film was an India-Bangladesh joint production.}}
|align="right" |₹10.50 crore
|align="center" |2017
|align="center" |<ref name="TheStatesman15December2017">{{Cite news |date=15 December 2017 |title=Top 5 Bengali films with good numbers at box office |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bengali_cinema/top-5-bengali-films-with-good-numbers-at-box-office-1502545532.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119202754/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bengali_cinema/top-5-bengali-films-with-good-numbers-at-box-office-1502545532.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |8
|''[[Pather Panchali]]''
|align="right"|₹10 crore
|style="text-align:center;"|1955
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Bibekananda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKo-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT424 |title=Conscience of The Race |date=2017 |publisher=[[Publications Division (India)|Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting]] |isbn=9788123026619 |page=424 |access-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115083932/https://books.google.com/books?id=EKo-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT424 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |9
|''[[Paglu]]''
|align="right" |₹9.95 crore
|align="center" |2011
|align="center" |<ref name="TheStatesman15December2017"/>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |10
|''[[Sathi (2002 film)|Sathi]]''
|align="right" |₹9.80 crore
|align="center" |2002
|align="center" |<ref name="TheStatesman15December2017"/>
|}

=== Bhojpuri ===
[[Bhojpuri cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of films in the [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]-language. Its major production centres are [[Lucknow]] and [[Patna]]. The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Bhojpuri films produced in the Bhojpuri film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Sasura Bada Paisawala]]''
|align="right" |₹35 crore
|align="center" |2003
|rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhojpuri Cinema: इन भोजपुरी फिल्मों ने बॉक्स ऑफिस पर की करोड़ों की कमाई, देखें सूची |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-cinema-these-bhojpuri-films-earned-crores-at-the-box-office-see-list/1474997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307080227/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-cinema-these-bhojpuri-films-earned-crores-at-the-box-office-see-list/1474997 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |2
|''[[Ganga (2006 film)|Ganga]]''
|align="right" |₹35 crore
|align="center" |2006
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |3
|''[[Pratigya (2008 film)|Pratigya]]''
|align="right" |₹22 crore
|align="center" |2008
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |4
|''[[Border (2018 Bhojpuri film)|Border]]''
|align="right" |₹19 crore
|align="center" |2018
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |5
|''[[Nirahua Hindustani]]''
|rowspan="2" align="right" |₹14 crore
|align="center" |2014
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |6
|''[[Mehandi Laga Ke Rakhna]]''
|align="center" |2017
|}

=== Gujarati ===
[[Gujarati cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of films in the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-language. It is based in [[Ahmedabad]] and is sometimes referred to as Dhollywood.<ref>{{cite web |title=New age Gujarati cinema sets industry on revival course |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 February 2018 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/new-age-gujarati-cinema-sets-industry-on-revival-course/story-FuVgZnvAjE5Bz5cPEtmWiL.html |access-date=9 September 2024 |archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021104140/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/new-age-gujarati-cinema-sets-industry-on-revival-course/story-FuVgZnvAjE5Bz5cPEtmWiL.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Gujarati films produced in the Gujarati film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |1
|''[[Laalo – Krishna Sada Sahaayate]]''
| align="right" |₹120 crore
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here's how Gujarati cinema had its decade high box office run in 2025 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/here-s-how-gujarati-cinema-had-its-decade-high-box-office-run-in-2025-article-13741186.html |access-date=25 December 2025 |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |2
|''[[Chaal Jeevi Laiye!]]''
|align="right" |₹50 crore
|align="center" |2019
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Rishi Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor were being eyed for this remake |website=Hindustan Times |date=6 November 2020 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rishi-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor-were-being-eyed-for-this-remake-about-a-man-and-his-terminally-ill-father/story-EEeyHsWR9sIWiNAKi9cSJI.html |access-date=9 September 2024 |archive-date=21 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821081341/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rishi-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor-were-being-eyed-for-this-remake-about-a-man-and-his-terminally-ill-father/story-EEeyHsWR9sIWiNAKi9cSJI.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-sholay-gujarati-cinema-chaal-jeevi-laiye-complete-50-weeks-january-17-re-release-january-31/|title=EXCLUSIVE: 'Sholay Of Gujarati Cinema' Chaal Jeevi Laiye to complete 50 WEEKS on January 17; re-release all over on January 31!|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=16 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:right" |3
|''[[3 Ekka]]''
| rowspan="2" align="right" |₹25 crore
|align="center" |2023
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Anand Pandit's Gujarati film '3 Ekka' collects Rs 25 cr in 20 days, sets record |website=The Statesman |date=17 September 2023 |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/anand-pandits-gujarati-film-3-ekka-collects-rs-25-cr-in-20-days-sets-record-1503222763.html |access-date=9 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910082329/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/anand-pandits-gujarati-film-3-ekka-collects-rs-25-cr-in-20-days-sets-record-1503222763.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jhamkudi]]''
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Gujarati Blockbuster 'Jhamkudi' Set To Have World Digital Premiere On THIS Platform |website=Zee News |date=17 October 2024 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/gujarati-blockbuster-jhamkudi-set-to-have-world-digital-premiere-on-this-platform-2807917.html |access-date=19 February 2025 |archive-date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125122338/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/gujarati-blockbuster-jhamkudi-set-to-have-world-digital-premiere-on-this-platform-2807917.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |5
|''[[Chaniya Toli]]''
| align="right" |₹23 crore
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/dvb-original/news/gujarati-film-lalo-shri-krishna-sada-sahayate-highest-grossing-box-office-record-136452518.html|title=મનડા મોહી, બોક્સઓફિસ લૂંટ્યું!:'લાલો..' ગુજરાતી સિનેમાની સૌથી વધુ કમાણી કરનાર ફિલ્મ બની; 'ગુજરાતીઓએ બે મહિનામાં ગુજરાતી મૂવી પાછળ 70 કરોડ ખર્ચ્યા'|date=19 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |6
|''[[Desh Re Joya Dada Pardesh Joya]]''
| align="right" |₹22 crore
| align="center" |1998
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2019 |title=Showtime: What is hurting box office success of Gujarati movies? |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-showtime-ek-baar-farithi-2723067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527164124/https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-showtime-ek-baar-farithi-2723067 |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 May 2019 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 1998 |title=Good shot |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19980622-gujarati-tearjerker-des-re-joya-dada-becomes-a-big-grosser-825345-1998-06-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721220535/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gujarati-tearjerker-des-re-joya-dada-becomes-a-big-grosser/1/262967.html |archive-date=21 July 2015 |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |7
|''[[Shu Thayu?]]''
|align="right" |₹21 crore
|align="center" |2018
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Kohli-Khandekar |first=Vanita |title=How TV Channels Help Regional Cinemas Grow |website=Film Companion |date=15 May 2024 |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/how-tv-channels-help-regional-cinemas-grow |access-date=9 September 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529204335/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/how-tv-channels-help-regional-cinemas-grow |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="2" scope="row" style=text-align:right |8
|''[[Kehvatlal Parivar]]''
| rowspan="2" align="right" |₹17 crore
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 November 2022 |title='Kehvatlal Parivar' completes Silver Jubilee in theatres- Exclusive! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/kehvatlal-parivar-completes-silver-jubilee-in-theatres-exclusive/articleshow/95222780.cms |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaur |first=Trisha |date=2 April 2025 |title=All The Best Pandya Box Office: Malhar Thakar Film Enters Top 10 Highest-Grossing Gujarati Films Post-COVID With Superb Profit |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/all-the-best-pandya-box-office-malhar-thakar-film-enters-top-10-highest-grossing-gujarati-films-post-covid-with-superb-profit/ |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kehvatlal Parivar |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt19799764/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Umbarro]]''
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref name="umbarro bo">{{cite web|url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-INR100-cr-moment-for-gujarati-cinema.html|title=The ₹100 Cr moment for Gujarati cinema|date=8 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:right" | 10
|''[[Hellaro]]''
| rowspan="2" align="right" |₹16 crore
| align="center" |2019
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2020 |title=Film awards and rewards (Column: B-Town) |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/film-awards-and-rewards-column-btown/1711984 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205135516/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/film-awards-and-rewards-column-btown/1711984 |archive-date=5 February 2020 |access-date=5 February 2020 |work=Outlook |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vash Level 2]]''
| align="center" |2025
|align="center" |<ref name="ormax vash 2">{{cite web|url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-india-box-office-report-august-2025.html|title=The India Box Office Report: August 2025|date=18 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Hindi ===
{{Main|List of highest-grossing Hindi films}}{{See also|List of highest domestic net collection of Hindi films}}

[[Hindi cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema based in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gulzar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |last2=Nihalani, Govind |last3=Chatterji, Saibal |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Pvt Ltd. |year=2003 |isbn=81-7991-066-0 |pages=10–18 |access-date=15 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405040645/https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC |archive-date=5 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The films are made primarily in the [[Hindi]]-language.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pippa de Bruyn |url=https://archive.org/details/frommersindia0000debr/page/579 |title=Frommer's India |last2=Niloufer Venkatraman |last3=Keith Bain |publisher=Frommer's |year=2006 |isbn=0-471-79434-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/frommersindia0000debr/page/579 579]}}</ref> It is often known as Bollywood and is one of the largest film producers in India as well as a major centre of film production worldwide.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wasko, Janet |title=How Hollywood works |publisher=SAGE |year=2003 |isbn=0-7619-6814-8 |page=185}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=K. Jha |url=https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00jhas/page/1970 |title=The Essential Guide to Bollywood |last2=Subhash |publisher=Roli Books |year=2005 |isbn=81-7436-378-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00jhas/page/1970 1970]}}</ref> The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Hindi films produced in the Hindi film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]''
| align="right" |₹1,968.03–2,200 crore
| align="center" |2016
| align="center" |{{efn|name="dgl"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |2
|''[[Dhurandhar]]''
| align="right" |₹1,350.83–1,428 crore
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref name="dhurandhar" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2026 |title=Dhurandhar box office collection, all records broken ahead of its OTT release date: When and where to watch Ranveer Singh film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-box-office-collection-records-broken-ranveer-singh-ott-release-10500823/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |3
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" |''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
| align="right" |₹1,243.06 crore
| align="center" |2026
| align="center" |<ref name="D2" />
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |4
|''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]''
| align="right" |₹1,148.32 crore
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name="JB"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |5
|''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]''
| align="right" |₹1,050.30 crore
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name="PB"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" | 6
|''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]''
| align="right" |₹917.82 crore
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref name="AB"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" | 7
|''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]''
| align="right" |₹900.90–969.06 crore
| align="center" |2015
| align="center" |{{efn|name="bbn"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" | 8
|''[[Stree 2]]''
| align="right" |₹874.58 crore
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |{{efn|name="s2"|''Stree 2''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹874.58 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="s2">{{Cite news |title=Stree 2 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stree-2-2/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816054421/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stree-2-2/box-office/ |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=17 August 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>) – ₹875 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's most profitable film of 2024 earned 45x its budget, ₹3 crore movie with no stars beat Pushpa 2, Kalki, Stree 2 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/indias-most-profitable-film-of-2024-premalu-box-office-45x-its-budget-3-crore-beat-pushpa-2-kalki-2898-ad-stree-2-101735886029776.html |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=3 January 2025 }}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |9
|''[[Secret Superstar]]''
| align="right" |₹858–966 crore
| align="center" |2017
| align="center" |{{efn|name="ssr"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |10
| ''[[Chhaava]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|797.34–809 crore}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |{{efn|name="chhaava"}}
|-
|}

=== Kannada ===
{{Main|List of highest-grossing Kannada films}}
[[Kannada cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema based in [[Gandhi Nagar, Bengaluru]]. The films are made primarily in [[Kannada]]-language. The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Kannada films produced in the Kannada film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]''
|align="right" |₹1,200–1,250 crore
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |{{efn|name="kgf2"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |2
| ''[[Kantara: Chapter 1]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|850 crore}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" style="text-align: center;" |{{efn|name="kanch1"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |3
| ''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]''
|align="right" |₹400–450 crore
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |{{efn|name="Kantara"|''Kantara''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹400 crore (''[[Deccan Herald]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2024 |title=Kantara Chapter 1 to release on October 2|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/rishab-shetty-helmed-kantara-chapter-1-to-release-on-october-2-next-year-3280163|access-date=19 November 2024 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2022 |title=Rishab Shetty's Kantara remains unstoppable, grosses Rs 400 crore worldwide |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rishab-shettys-kantara-remains-unstoppable-grosses-rs-400-crore-worldwide-2300295-2022-11-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225182633/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rishab-shettys-kantara-remains-unstoppable-grosses-rs-400-crore-worldwide-2300295-2022-11-22 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |access-date=26 January 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref> ''Firstpost'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2022 |title=Rishab Shetty's Kantara is unbeatable: Worldwide collection at the box office crosses the monumental mark of 400 Crores |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rishab-shettys-kantara-is-unbeatable-worldwide-collection-at-the-box-office-crosses-the-monumental-mark-of-400-crores-11673381.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220180227/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rishab-shettys-kantara-is-unbeatable-worldwide-collection-at-the-box-office-crosses-the-monumental-mark-of-400-crores-11673381.html |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=26 January 2023 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> ''[[DNA India|DNA]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantara box office collection: Rishab Shetty starrer is sixth Indian film in 2022 to earn over Rs 400 crore worldwide |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-starrer-is-sixth-indian-film-in-2022-to-earn-rs-400-crore-worldwide-3004547 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204073232/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-starrer-is-sixth-indian-film-in-2022-to-earn-rs-400-crore-worldwide-3004547 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=[[DNA India]]}}</ref> ''[[News 18]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Varun Tej Reacts to Rishab Shetty's Kantara Success, Says 'It Doesn't Matter Who the Actors Are...' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/varun-tej-reacts-to-rishab-shetty-kantara-success-says-it-doesnt-matter-who-the-actors-are-6875299.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126170929/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/varun-tej-reacts-to-rishab-shetty-kantara-success-says-it-doesnt-matter-who-the-actors-are-6875299.html |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=26 January 2023}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times]]'',<ref name="Economictimes20January2023">{{Cite news |date=20 January 2023 |title='Kantara' star Rishabh Shetty visits Bhoota Kola festival and receives a blessing from Daiva Nartaka, watch here |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/kantara-star-rishabh-shetty-visits-bhoota-kola-festival-and-receives-a-blessing-from-daiva-nartaka/articleshow/97173604.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126170921/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/kantara-star-rishabh-shetty-visits-bhoota-kola-festival-and-receives-a-blessing-from-daiva-nartaka/articleshow/97173604.cms |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]''<ref name="Indianexpress21January2023">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2023 |title=Rishab Shetty begins scripting Kantara prequel for June start date, as Hombale Films pledges Rs 3000 crore spend over next five years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/rishab-shetty-begins-scripting-kantara-prequel-film-to-be-made-on-budget-of-370m-8395774/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126170939/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/rishab-shetty-begins-scripting-kantara-prequel-film-to-be-made-on-budget-of-370m-8395774/ |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=26 January 2023}}</ref>) – ₹450 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rishab-shetty-charged-4-crores-for-kantara-rishab-shetty-remuneration-121671066055457.html|title=Rishab Shetty Remuneration for Kantara: కాంతార సినిమాకు రిష‌బ్‌శెట్టి తీసుకున్న రెమ్యున‌రేష‌న్ ఎంతో తెలుసా|first=Nelki Naresh|last=Kumar|website=Hindustantimes Telugu|access-date=25 December 2022|archive-date=25 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225182633/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rishab-shetty-charged-4-crores-for-kantara-rishab-shetty-remuneration-121671066055457.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/hrithik-roshan-praises-rishab-shetty-as-he-reviews-kantara-top-notch-storytelling-direction-and-acting-news-244337/amp|title=Hrithik Roshan Praises Rishab Shetty As He Reviews 'Kantara': Top Notch Storytelling, Direction And Acting|date=12 December 2022 |accessdate=26 April 2023|archive-date=2 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402192033/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/hrithik-roshan-praises-rishab-shetty-as-he-reviews-kantara-top-notch-storytelling-direction-and-acting-news-244337/amp|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/Dec/30/magical-year-for-kannada-cinema-the-rise-and-rise-of-sandalwood--2533142.html | title=Magical year for Kannada cinema: The rise and rise of Sandalwood - the New Indian Express | date=6 December 2022 | access-date=7 January 2023 | archive-date=7 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107132506/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/dec/30/magical-year-for-kannada-cinema-the-rise-and-rise-of-sandalwood--2533142.amp | url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |4
|''[[Mahavatar Narsimha]]{{efn|name="multi"|There is no clear evidence of a primary language. The film's main languages are deemed to be Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu according to the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian film censorship body]]}}''
| align="right" |{{INR|300{{ndash}}325 crore}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |{{efn|''Mahavatar Narsimha''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹300 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]'',<ref name="Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date">{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date: When and where to watch mythological epic that became India's biggest animated hit |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-mythological-epic-that-became-india-s-biggest-animated-hit-101758202695503.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |date=18 September 2025}}</ref> ''[[Cinema Express]]'',<ref name="cinemaexpress.com">{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha finally gets OTT release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Sep/18/mahavatar-narsimha-finally-gets-ott-release-date |website=Cinema Express |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |date=18 September 2025}}</ref> ''[[News18]]''<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT Release Date: When And Where To Watch Mythological Epic That Became A Box Office Blockbuster |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-mythological-epic-box-office-blockbuster-ws-kl-9581810.html |website=News18 |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>) –
₹324.5 crore (''[[The Economic Times]]''<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date confirmed: When and where to watch Ashwin Kumar's mythological blockbuster online |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-confirmed-where-and-when-to-watch-ashwin-kumars-animated-blockbuster-online/articleshow/123980571.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=29 September 2025 |date=19 September 2025}}</ref>) –
₹325 crore (''[[DNA India]]''<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |last1=Wadhwa |first1=Aman |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date: When, where to watch Ashwin Kumar's blockbuster animated film |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-ashwin-kumar-blockbuster-animated-film-netflix-3180718 |website=DNA India |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |5
|''[[KGF: Chapter 1]]''
| align="right" |₹250 crore
| align="center" |2018
| align="center" |<ref name="kgf1">{{cite web |title=Yash reveals he has approached Sanjay Dutt for KGF Chapter 2 |website=India Today |date=9 February 2019 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-reveals-he-has-approached-sanjay-dutt-for-kgf-chapter-2-1452187-2019-02-09 |access-date=28 August 2024 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513021817/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-reveals-he-has-approached-sanjay-dutt-for-kgf-chapter-2-1452187-2019-02-09 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |6
|''[[Vikrant Rona]]''
| align="right" |₹159–210 crore
| align="center" rowspan="2" |2022
| align="center" |{{efn|''Vikrant Rona''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹159 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Kantara box office: Rishab Shetty's film is 6th biggest Kannada movie ever. See who else is on the list|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=15 October 2022|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015100500/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483-amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>) – ₹200 crore (''[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vikrant-rona-ott-release-when-where-to-watch-kiccha-sudeep-starrer-adventure-thriller-zee5-2979543/amp |title=Vikrant Rona OTT release: When, where to watch Kiccha Sudeep starrer adventure thriller |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718085657/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vikrant-rona-ott-release-when-where-to-watch-kiccha-sudeep-starrer-adventure-thriller-zee5-2979543/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2022 |title=Vikrant Rona box office collection Day 14: Kichcha Sudeep's film rakes in Rs 200 crore worldwide |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vikrant-rona-box-office-collection-day-14-kichcha-sudeep-s-film-rakes-in-rs-200-crore-worldwide-1986542-2022-08-11 |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718084347/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/vikrant-rona-box-office-collection-day-14-kichcha-sudeep-s-film-rakes-in-rs-200-crore-worldwide-1986542-2022-08-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹210 crore (''[[Zee Media Corporation|Zee News]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/vikrant-rona-box-office-collection-worldwide-hits-the-double-century-to-emerge-a-big-success-for-kichcha-sudeep-90656/amp |title=Vikrant Rona Box Office Collection (Worldwide): Hits the Double Century to Emerge a Big Success for Kichcha Sudeep | ಬಾಕ್ಸ್‌ ಆಫಿಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ 'ವಿಕ್ರಾಂತ್‌ ರೋಣ' ಹೊಸ ಹಿಸ್ಟರಿ..! News in Kannada |access-date=6 September 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827122237/https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/vikrant-rona-box-office-collection-worldwide-hits-the-double-century-to-emerge-a-big-success-for-kichcha-sudeep-90656/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|Telegraph]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rrr-to-kantara-8-films-in-tamil-telugu-and-kannada-that-made-over-rs-200-crore-in-2022/cid/1903476|title=8 films that made over Rs. 200 crore in 2022|access-date=28 August 2024|archive-date=3 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103124336/https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/entertainment/rrr-to-kantara-8-films-in-tamil-telugu-and-kannada-that-made-over-rs-100-crore-in-2022/cid/1903476|url-status=live}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |7
|''[[James (2022 film)|James]]''
| align="right" |₹151 crore
| align="center" |<ref name="hkb">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2022 |title=Kantara box office: Rishab Shetty's film is 6th biggest Kannada movie ever. See who else is on the list |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483.html |access-date=15 October 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015120514/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |8
| ''[[Su From So]]''
| align="right" |₹125 crore
| align="center" | 2025
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web | title=Kantara 1 Box Office Collection Day 19: No Signs Of Slowing Down For Rishab Shetty's Film After Crossing Rs 500 Crore|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kantara-1-box-office-collection-day-19-no-signs-of-slowing-down-for-rishab-shettys-film-after-crossing-rs-500-crore-9490234|access-date=21 October 2025 | website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Su From So OTT release date: When and where to stream JP Thuminad-Raj B Shetty's blockbuster Kannada comedy|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/su-from-so-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-stream-jp-thuminad-raj-b-shettys-blockbuster-kannada-comedy/8f34c8079043|access-date=4 September 2025 | website=www.ottplay.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |9
|''[[777 Charlie]]''
| align="right" |₹105–115 crore
| align="center" |2022
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483.html |title=Kantara box office: Rishab Shetty's film is 6th biggest Kannada movie ever. See who else in on the list |date=15 October 2022 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaatera: ಬಾಕ್ಸಾಫೀಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ 'ಕಾಟೇರ' ಬಿಗ್ ಸಕ್ಸಸ್..! 100 ಕೋಟಿ ಕ್ಲಬ್ ಸೇರಿದ್ದು ಯಾರೆಲ್ಲಾ ಗೊತ್ತಾ..? |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/video/sandalwood/kaatera-movie-total-collection-is-200-crore-nbn-s7jlv4 |website=kannada.asianetnews.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |10
| ''[[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|Kurukshetra]]''
| align="right" | {{INR|90 crore}}
| align="center" | 2019
| align="center" | {{efn|name="Kurushetra"|<ref>{{cite news |title='K.G.F.: Chapter 1' to 'Avane Srinamnarayana': Top 5 highest-grossing films in the history Sandalwood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/k-g-f-chapter-1-to-avane-srinamnarayana-top-5-highest-grossing-films-in-the-history-sandalwood/photostory/77084520.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 July 2020 |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=23 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723003609/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/k-g-f-chapter-1-to-avane-srinamnarayana-top-5-highest-grossing-films-in-the-history-sandalwood/photostory/77084520.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hans">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/box-office/how-kannada-movies-are-setting-new-benchmarks-at-box-office-636839 |title=How Kannada Movies Are Setting New Benchmarks At Box Office|date=August 2020 |access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/article/top-8-highest-grossing-kannada-movies-of-all-time/737261 |title= Top 8 highest grossing Kannada movies |website=www.timesnownews.com |date=25 March 2021 |access-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102221336/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/article/top-8-highest-grossing-kannada-movies-of-all-time/737261 |archive-date=2 November 2021}}</ref>}}
|}

=== Malayalam ===
{{Main|List of highest-grossing Malayalam films}}

[[Malayalam cinema]], also referred to as Mollywood by certain media outlets, is a part of Indian cinema, based in [[Kerala]] and dedicated to the production of films in the [[Malayalam]]-language. The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Malayalam films produced in the Malayalam film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|300.08{{ndash}}304 crore}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |{{efn|name="lokah"|''Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra''{{'}}s reported worldwide gross is from {{INR|300.08 crore}} (''[[India Today]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Kalyani Priyadarshan's Lokah enters Rs 300 crore club, a first for Malayalam cinema |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/lokah-chapter-1-chandra-crosses-300-crore-highest-grossing-malayalam-film-2799888-2025-10-08 |website=India Today |access-date=14 October 2025 |language=en |date=8 October 2025}}</ref> to {{INR|301.98 crore}} (''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title='Lokah: Chapter 1' becomes first Malayalam film to earn Rs 300 crore worldwide |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/lokah-chapter-1-becomes-first-malayalam-film-to-cross-rs-300-crore-mark-worldwide/cid/2127704|access-date=3 November 2025}}</ref> to {{INR|302.5 crore}} (''[[ThePrint]]'')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Tina |date=22 October 2025 |title=Kantara, Dashavatar to Lokah—how tribal representation in films is changing |url=https://theprint.in/feature/kantara-dashavatar-lokah-tribal-representation-films-changing/2768449/ |access-date=3 November 2025|website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> to {{INR|303.2 crore}} (''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'') <ref>{{cite web |title='Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra' final worldwide box office collection: All-time no.1 Mollywood grosser in Kerala, India and worldwide |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/11/04/lokah-chapter-1-chandra-final-box-office-collection-all-time-no-1-mollywood-grosser-in-kerala-india-and-worldwide.html |website=The Week |access-date=4 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> to {{INR|304 crore}} (''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Highest-Grossing Indian Films of 2025: From 'Dhurandhar' and 'Kantara: Chapter 1' to 'Saiyaara' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/top-10-highest-grossing-indian-films-of-2025-from-dhurandhar-and-kantara-chapter-1-to-saiyaara |access-date=3 January 2026 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |2
|''[[L2: Empuraan]]''
|align="right" |{{INR|265{{ndash}}268.05 crore}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |{{efn|The figure published by the makers of the film ({{INR}}325 crore) is the total business done by the film, and not the total box office collection. The total box office collection varies between ₹265 crore,<ref name="Mint">{{Cite web |title=Thudarum OTT release date: When and where to watch Malayalam blockbuster movie starring Mohanlal online |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/thudarum-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-malayalam-blockbuster-movie-starring-mohanlal-online-11748307396455.html |access-date=27 May 2025 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=27 May 2025 }}</ref> ₹268 crore<ref name="DNA">{{Cite web |last=Wadhwa |first=Aman |title=Thudarum OTT release date: When, where to watch Mohanlal-starrer blockbuster Malayalam film |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-thudarum-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-mohanlal-blockbuster-malayalam-film-jio-hotstar-3154617 |access-date=27 May 2025 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> and ₹268.05 crore<ref name="pinkfinal">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=Box Office: Mohanlal eyes Rs 500 crore worldwide with combined success of blockbusters Thudarum and L2 Empuraan|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/box-office-mohanlal-eyes-rs-500-crore-worldwide-with-combined-success-of-blockbusters-thudarum-and-l2-empuraan-1386672 |access-date=9 May 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> as per reliable sources listed at [[WP:ICTFSOURCES]].}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |3
|''[[Manjummel Boys]]''
|align="right" |₹242.30 crore
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2024 |title=സൂപ്പർ താരങ്ങളില്ല, ഓടിയത് 73 ദിവസം, നേടിയത് 240 കോടി ! 'മഞ്ഞുമ്മൽ' പിള്ളേർ നാളെ ഒടിടിയിൽ, ആകെ നേടിയത് ? |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/malayalam-movie-manjummel-boys-ott-release-tomorrow-5-5-2024-in-disney-plus-hot-star-final-box-office-collection-scy3mb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504052626/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/malayalam-movie-manjummel-boys-ott-release-tomorrow-5-5-2024-in-disney-plus-hot-star-final-box-office-collection-scy3mb |archive-date=4 May 2024 |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref name="Pinkvilla30July2024">{{cite web | last=Dixit | first=Mohit | title=Top 10 Highest Grossing Indian Films Of 1st Half Of 2024 Worldwide Box Office Collections: Kalki 2898 AD leads by a huge margin; Fighter, Hanuman follow | website=PINKVILLA | date=30 July 2024 | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-10-highest-grossing-indian-films-of-1st-half-of-2024-worldwide-box-office-collections-kalki-2898-ad-leads-by-a-huge-margin-fighter-hanuman-follow-1333826 | access-date=12 November 2024 | archive-date=27 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827135206/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/top-10-highest-grossing-indian-films-of-1st-half-of-2024-worldwide-box-office-collections-kalki-2898-ad-leads-by-a-huge-margin-fighter-hanuman-follow-1333826 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" | 4
| ''[[Thudarum]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|233–235.30 crore}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |{{Efn|''Thudarum''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹233 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=Rs 200 Crore Worldwide Box Office Club 2025: Akshay Kumar's Housefull 5 becomes 7th movie of the year to enter the list |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/rs-200-crore-worldwide-box-office-club-2025-akshay-kumars-housefull-5-becomes-7th-movie-of-the-year-to-enter-the-list-1391577 |access-date=27 June 2025 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹234.5 crore (''[[The Indian Express]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=Mohanlal's Thudarum faces plagiarism allegation from Sanal Kumar Sasidharan: 'It's made by stealing the skeleton of…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlals-thudarum-faces-plagiarism-allegation-from-sanal-kumar-sasidharan-10070281/ |access-date=22 June 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹235.30 crore (''[[Asianet News]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=തിയറ്ററില്‍ എത്തിയിട്ട് ഇന്ന് 50 ദിനങ്ങള്‍; ഒടിടിയില്‍ എത്തിയിട്ടും ടിക്കറ്റ് വില്‍പ്പന, 'തുടരും' ഇതുവരെ എത്ര നേടി? |trans-title=Thudarum 50 days, earning revenue even after OTT release |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/thudarum-completes-50-days-in-theatres-here-is-the-box-office-collection-till-now-mohanlal/articleshow-zdhi6q6 |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref>)}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |5
|''[[2018 (film)|2018]]''
| align="right" |₹177 crore
| align="center" |2023
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=2018 worldwide closing box office collections; Biggest Malayalam film of all time |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/2018-worldwide-closing-box-office-collections-biggest-malayalam-film-of-all-time-1226013 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618065618/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/2018-worldwide-closing-box-office-collections-biggest-malayalam-film-of-all-time-1226013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |6
|''[[The Goat Life]]''
|align="right" |₹158.50 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2024
|align="center" |<ref name="Pinkvilla30July2024" />
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |7
|''[[Aavesham (2024 film)|Aavesham]]''
|align="right" |₹156 crore
|align="center" |<ref name="Pinkvilla30July2024" />
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |8
| ''[[Sarvam Maya]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|153 crore}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2026 |title= ‘Sarvam Maya' box office collection day 39: Nivin Pauly’s film crosses Rs 150 crore worldwide
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/box-office/sarvam-maya-box-office-collection-day-39-nivin-paulys-film-crosses-rs-150-worldwide/articleshow/127877395.cms|language=ml}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |9
|''[[Pulimurugan]]''
|align="right" |₹139–145 crore
|align="center" |2016
|align="center" |{{efn|''Pulimurugan''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹139 crore (''[[The Indian Express]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2024 |title=Manjummel Boys inches closer to Rs 200 cr mark globally, becomes first non-Tamil movie, without dubbed version, to gross Rs 50 cr in Tamil Nadu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/manjummel-boys-inches-closer-to-rs-200-cr-mark-globally-50-cr-in-tamil-nadu-9218992/lite/ |access-date=24 August 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹145 crore (''[[NDTV]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=मोहनलाल की टॉप 8 फिल्मों की लिस्ट|url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/south-actor-only-three-films-crossed-100-crore-on-box-office-yet-he-is-biggest-superstar-of-the-india-do-you-know-his-name-8184415 |access-date=24 August 2025 |website=NDTV}}</ref>)}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |10
|''[[Premalu]]''
|align="right" |₹136.25 crore
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Mathur |first=Abhimanyu |title=Not Stree 2, Kalki 2898 AD, Shaitaan, HanuMan, this Rs 3-crore film is India's biggest hit of 2024, has no stars, but... |website=DNA India |date=28 August 2024 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-not-stree-2-kalki-2898-ad-shaitaan-hanuman-premalu-india-s-biggest-hit-of-2024-rs-3-crore-budget-box-office-3104637 |access-date=28 August 2024 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828052303/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-not-stree-2-kalki-2898-ad-shaitaan-hanuman-premalu-india-s-biggest-hit-of-2024-rs-3-crore-budget-box-office-3104637 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Marathi ===
{{Main|List of highest-grossing Marathi films}}

[[Marathi cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of films in the [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language and is based in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]. The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Marathi films produced in the Marathi film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Sairat]]''
|align="right" |₹110 crore
|align="center" |2016
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |last=Wadhwa |first=Aman |title=Made in Rs 4 crore, this film earned Rs 110 crore, is highest-grossing movie, its climax shocked everyone |website=DNA India |date=8 May 2024 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-made-in-rs-4-crore-this-film-sairat-earned-rs-110-crore-highest-grossing-marathi-movie-climax-shocked-everyone-3088554 |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910082323/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-made-in-rs-4-crore-this-film-sairat-earned-rs-110-crore-highest-grossing-marathi-movie-climax-shocked-everyone-3088554 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |2
|''[[Baipan Bhaari Deva]]''
|align="right" |₹92 crore
|align="center" |2023
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2024 |title=Box Office 2023: Punjabi films grossed Rs. 235 crores, Marathi films grossed Rs. 201 crores, Bengali films grossed Rs. 66 crores in 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-2023-punjabi-films-grossed-rs-235-crores-marathi-films-grossed-rs-201-crores-bengali-films-grossed-rs-66-crores-2023/ |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=5 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205063039/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-2023-punjabi-films-grossed-rs-235-crores-marathi-films-grossed-rs-201-crores-bengali-films-grossed-rs-66-crores-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |3
|''[[Sachin: A Billion Dreams]]''{{efn|name="mhe"|The film was produced in Marathi, Hindi and English, according to the filmmakers.}}
|align="right" |₹76.86 crore
|align="center" |2017
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |date=27 May 2017 |title=Box Office: Worldwide Collections and Day wise breakup of Sachin – A Billion Dreams |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-sachin-billion-dreams/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527105340/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-sachin-billion-dreams/ |archive-date=27 May 2017 |access-date=28 May 2017 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:right" |4
|''[[Pawankhind]]''
| rowspan="2" align="right" |₹75 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2022
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Ved box office collection day 3: Riteish Deshmukh film sees fourth-highest opening weekend by Marathi film ever |website=DNA India |date=2 January 2023 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ved-box-office-collection-riteish-deshmukh-film-sees-fourth-highest-opening-weekend-by-marathi-film-ever-3014511 |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910082332/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ved-box-office-collection-riteish-deshmukh-film-sees-fourth-highest-opening-weekend-by-marathi-film-ever-3014511 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]''
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Riteish Deshmukh And Genelia's Ved Wins Big At Maharashtracha Favourite Kon Awards |website=News18 |date=20 January 2024 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/riteish-deshmukh-and-genelias-ved-wins-big-at-maharashtracha-favourite-kon-awards-8747605.html |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910082401/https://www.news18.com/movies/riteish-deshmukh-and-genelias-ved-wins-big-at-maharashtracha-favourite-kon-awards-8747605.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |6
|''[[Natsamrat]]''
|align="right" |₹48–50 crore
|align="center" |2016
|align="center" |{{efn|''Natsamrat''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹48 crore (''[[The Indian Express]]''<ref name="DNA23May2016">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/with-sairat-marathi-cinema-flies-high-on-box-office-appreciation-2814848/|title=With Sairat, Marathi cinema flies high on box office, appreciation|date=23 May 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=23 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103745/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/with-sairat-marathi-cinema-flies-high-on-box-office-appreciation-2814848/|url-status=live}}</ref>) – 50 crore ([[Daily News and Analysis|''DNA India'']]<ref name="DNA9December2018">{{cite web |last=Rakshit |first=Nayandeep |title='Box Office figures don't matter, people's reactions do': Riteish Deshmukh on 'Mauli' and more |website=DNA India |date=9 December 2018 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-box-office-figures-don-t-matter-people-s-reactions-do-riteish-deshmukh-on-mauli-and-more-2693685 |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507060936/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-box-office-figures-don-t-matter-people-s-reactions-do-riteish-deshmukh-on-mauli-and-more-2693685 |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" style="text-align:right" |7
|''[[Lai Bhaari]]''
| rowspan="2" align="right" |₹40 crore
|align="center" |2014
|align="center" |<ref name="DNA9December2018"/>
|-
|''[[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (film)|Katyar Kaljat Ghusali]]''
|align="center" |2015
|align="center" |<ref name="DNA23May2016"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: right;" |9
|''[[Timepass (film)|Timepass]]''
| align="right" |₹33 crore
| align="center" |2014
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2018 |title=Made in Marathi |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-made-in-marathi-1141162/ |access-date=27 June 2025 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: right;" |10
|''[[Duniyadari]]''
| align="right" |₹32 crore
| align="center" |2013
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2015 |title=Marathi cinema and its struggle for success |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/marathi-films-devendra-fadnavis-shobhaa-de-multiplexes-marathi-cinema-248208-2015-04-12 |access-date=27 June 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Odia ===
[[Cinema of Odisha|Odia cinema]], also known as Ollywood, is a part of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of films in the [[Odia language|Odia]]-language, and is based in [[Bhubaneswar]] and [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]]. The first Odia film, ''Sita Bibaha'', was released in 1936.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/jun/25/first-archives-for-odia-films-soon-2160999.html|title=First archives for Odia films soon|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=25 June 2020|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101104109/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/jun/25/first-archives-for-odia-films-soon-2160999.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mohanty |first=Subhashish |title='We need to value film archives' |website=Telegraph India |date=22 July 2017 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/lsquo-we-need-to-value-film-archives-rsquo/cid/1402924 |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922014744/https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/lsquo-we-need-to-value-film-archives-rsquo/cid/1402924 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Odia films produced in the Odia film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Bou Buttu Bhuta]]''
|align="right" |₹21 crore
|align="center" |2025
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2025 |title=Bou Butta Bhuta grosses Rs 15 crore in 18 days, Babushaan Mohanty starrer crosses Shah Rukh Khan's Jawan in Odisha |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/bou-butta-bhuta-grosses-rs-15-crore-in-18-days-babushaan-mohanty-starrer-crosses-shah-rukh-khans-jawan-in-odisha-1392518 |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |2
|''[[Daman (2022 film)|Daman]]''
|align="right" |₹7.50 crore
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |<ref name="odiya">{{Cite web |last=Mankad |first=Himesh |date=23 June 2025 |title=Box Office: Bou Buttu Bhuta emerges #1 Odia film of all time: To take on Jawan, KGF and Bahubali 2 in Odisha |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/box-office-bau-buttu-bhuta-emerges-1-odia-film-of-all-time-to-take-on-jawan-kgf-and-bahubali-2-in-odisha-1392081 |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |3
|''[[Karma (2024 film)|Karma]]''
|align="right" |₹6.50 crore
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |<ref name="odiya" />
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |4
|''[[Balunga Toka]]''
|align="right" |₹4 crore
|align="center" |2011
|align="center" |<ref name="TheNewIndianExpress16May2012">{{cite web |title=Best of Bengali and Oriya Cinema 2011 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2011/dec/25/best-of-bengali-and-oriya-cinema-2011-323738.html |access-date=9 July 2022 |website=The New Indian Express |date=16 May 2012 |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709141743/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2011/dec/25/best-of-bengali-and-oriya-cinema-2011-323738.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Punjabi ===
{{Main|List of highest-grossing Punjabi-language films}}
[[Punjabi cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of films in the [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-language. It is based in [[Amritsar]], [[Ludhiana]] and [[Mohali]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rawle |first=Steven |title=Transnational Cinema: An Introduction |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2018 |isbn=9781137530141 |pages=28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=Craig |title=Modern India: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2017 |isbn=9780191082238 |series=Very Short Introductions |pages=88}}</ref> The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Punjabi films produced in the Punjabi film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Jatt & Juliet 3]]''
|align="right" |₹110 crore
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2024|title=Jatt And Juliet 3 Set To Be Biggest Punjabi Worldwide Grosser Ever|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8603|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=31 July 2024|archive-date=5 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905153945/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8603|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |2
|''[[Carry on Jatta 3]]''
|align="right" |₹91–100 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2023
|align="center" |{{efn|''Carry on Jatta 3''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹91 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia16September2023">{{cite web |title=Box Office For Punjabi Cinema Jumps With Carry On Jatta 3 And Mastaney |website=Box Office India |date=16 September 2023 |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8030 |access-date=10 September 2024 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010206/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8030 |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹100 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="BollywoodHungama14September2023">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2023 |title=Carry on Jatta 3 Box Office: Gippy Grewal starrer crosses Rs. 100 cr; emerges as first Punjabi film to enter the Rs. 100 cr club |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/carry-jatta-3-box-office-gippy-grewal-starrer-crosses-rs-100-cr-emerges-first-punjabi-film-enter-rs-100-cr-club/ |access-date=14 September 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=18 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918005909/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/carry-jatta-3-box-office-gippy-grewal-starrer-crosses-rs-100-cr-emerges-first-punjabi-film-enter-rs-100-cr-club/ |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |3
|''[[Mastaney]]''
|align="right" |₹69 crore
|align="center" |{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |4
|''[[Carry on Jatta 2]]''
|align="right" |₹60 crore
|align="center" |2018
|align="center" |<ref name="BollywoodHungama14September2023"/><ref name="BoxOfficeIndia16September2023"/>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |5
|''[[Saunkan Saunkne]]''
|align="right" |58 crore
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia16September2023"/>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |6
|''[[Honsla Rakh]]''
|align="right" |₹55 crore
|align="center" |2021
|align="center" |<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia16September2023"/>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |7
|''[[Shadaa]]''
|align="right" |₹54.50 crore
|align="center" |2019
|align="center" |<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia16September2023"/>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |8
|''[[Chal Mera Putt 2]]''
|align="right" |₹54 crore
|align="center" |2020
|align="center" |<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia16September2023"/>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |9
|''[[Chaar Sahibzaade]]''
|align="right" |₹50 crore
|align="center" |2014
|align="center" |<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia16September2023"/>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |10
|''[[Sardaar Ji]]''
|align="right" |₹45–50 crore
|align="center" |2015
|align="center" |{{efn|''Sardaar Ji''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹45 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia16September2023"/>) – ₹50 crore ([[The Tribune (India)|''The Tribune'']]<ref>{{cite news|title=The turbaned prince|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/the-turbaned-prince/107054.html|first=Jasmine|last=Singh|date=19 July 2015|work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]|access-date=28 July 2015|archive-date=20 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020054047/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/the-turbaned-prince/107054.html|url-status=live}}</ref>)}}
|}

=== Tamil ===
{{Main|List of highest-grossing Tamil films}}
[[Tamil cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema based in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. The films are made primarily in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language. The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Tamil films produced in the Tamil film industry.
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''
|align="right" |₹666–800 crore
|align="center" |2018
|align="center" |{{efn|name="2.0"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |2
|''[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]''
|align="right" |₹605–650 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2023
|align="center" |{{efn|name="fsjr"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |3
|''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]''
|align="right" |₹595–615 crore
|align="center" |{{efn|name="leo"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |4
|''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|514–675}} crore
| style="text-align:center;" |2025
| style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|name="coolie"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |5
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]''
|align="right" |₹450–500 crore
| align="center" |2022
|align="center" |{{efn|name=ps1}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |6
|''[[The Greatest of All Time]]''
| align="right" |₹440–460 crore
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |{{efn|name="GOAT"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |7
|''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]''
| align="right" |₹424–500 crore
| align="center" |2022
| align="center" |{{efn|name=vkm}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |8
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''
|align="right" |₹345 crore
|align="center" |2023
|align="center" |<ref name="ps2">{{Cite web |date=19 June 2023 |title=பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 வசூலை முறியடிக்கும் ஆதிபுருஷ்? விமர்சனங்களை ஓரம் கட்டும் கலெக்‌ஷன்! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-prabhas-adipurush-movie-going-to-beat-maniratnam-ponniyin-selvan-2-box-office-collection-1026310.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619124300/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-prabhas-adipurush-movie-going-to-beat-maniratnam-ponniyin-selvan-2-box-office-collection-1026310.html |archive-date=19 June 2023 |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=News18 Tamil |language=ta |quote=இந்த ஆண்டு எதிர்பார்க்கப்பட்ட மற்றொரு பெரிய படமான பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 திரைப்படம் 345 கோடி வசூல் செய்திருந்ததாகவும் விரைவில் ஆதிபுருஷ் படம் பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 பட வசூலை முறியடிக்கும் எனவும் தகவல்கள் தெரிவிக்கின்றன.}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |9
|''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]''
|align="right" |{{INR}}300–335 crore
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |{{efn|''Amaran''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between {{INR}}300 crore (''[[Dinamani]]'' <ref>{{cite web |title=இந்தாண்டில் அதிகம் வசூலித்த தமிழ்ப் படங்கள்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Dec/24/top-collection-movies-tamil |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Dinamani |date=24 December 2024 }}</ref> and ''[[Ramoji Group#ETV Bharat|ETV Bharat]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=அமரன் படம் திரையிடப்பட்ட தியேட்டரில் பெட்ரோல் வெடிகுண்டு வீசிய வழக்கு: ஒருவர் தேசிய பாதுகாப்பு சட்டத்தில் கைது! |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/ta/!state/person-arrested-in-national-security-act-in-amaran-movie-theatre-bombing-in-tirunelveli-tamil-nadu-news-tns25030801699 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=ETV Bharat |date=8 March 2025 }}</ref>) to {{INR}}335 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2024 |title=Year Ender 2024: Top 10 highest-grossing Kollywood movies at worldwide box office |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/year-end-2024-top-10-highest-grossing-kollywood-movies-at-worldwide-box-office-1362528 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>)|name=Amaran}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |10
|''[[Mahavatar Narsimha]]{{efn|name="multi"|There is no clear evidence of a primary language. The film's main languages are deemed to be Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu according to the [[Central Board of Film Certification|Indian film censorship body]]}}''
| align="right" |{{INR|300{{ndash}}325 crore}}
| align="center" |2025
| align="center" |{{efn|''Mahavatar Narsimha''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹300 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]'',<ref name="Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date">{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date: When and where to watch mythological epic that became India's biggest animated hit |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-mythological-epic-that-became-india-s-biggest-animated-hit-101758202695503.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |date=18 September 2025}}</ref> ''[[Cinema Express]]'',<ref name="cinemaexpress.com">{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha finally gets OTT release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Sep/18/mahavatar-narsimha-finally-gets-ott-release-date |website=Cinema Express |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en |date=18 September 2025}}</ref> ''[[News18]]''<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT Release Date: When And Where To Watch Mythological Epic That Became A Box Office Blockbuster |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-mythological-epic-box-office-blockbuster-ws-kl-9581810.html |website=News18 |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>) –
₹324.5 crore (''[[The Economic Times]]''<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date confirmed: When and where to watch Ashwin Kumar's mythological blockbuster online |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-confirmed-where-and-when-to-watch-ashwin-kumars-animated-blockbuster-online/articleshow/123980571.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=29 September 2025 |date=19 September 2025}}</ref>) –
₹325 crore (''[[DNA India]]''<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |last1=Wadhwa |first1=Aman |title=Mahavatar Narsimha OTT release date: When, where to watch Ashwin Kumar's blockbuster animated film |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mahavatar-narsimha-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-ashwin-kumar-blockbuster-animated-film-netflix-3180718 |website=DNA India |access-date=29 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>)}}
|-
|}

=== Telugu ===
{{Main|List of highest-grossing Telugu films}}
[[Telugu cinema]] is a part of Indian cinema producing films in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language, in the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] and is centered in the [[Hyderabad]] neighbourhood of [[Film Nagar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2007 |title=Year of success for tinsel town |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/26/stories/2007122650520200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227070116/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/26/stories/2007122650520200.htm |archive-date=27 December 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The following table lists the top 10 highest-grossing Telugu films produced in the Telugu film industry.

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|align="right" |₹1,810.60 crore
|align="center" |2017
|align="center" |{{efn|name="bb2"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |2
|''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]''
| align="right" |₹1,642–1,800 crore
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |{{efn|name="pushpa2"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |3
|''[[RRR]]''
|align="right" |₹1,253–1,387 crore
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |{{efn|name="rrr"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |4
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
|align="right" |₹1,042–1,100 crore
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |{{efn|name="kalki"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |5
|''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''
|align="right" |₹614{{Ndash}}702 crore
|align="center" |2023
|align="center" |{{efn|name="slr"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |6
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|align="right" |₹599.72–650 crore
|align="center" |2015
|align="center" |{{efn|name="bb1"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |7
|''[[Saaho]]''{{efn|name="th"|The film was produced in both the Telugu and Hindi languages, according to the filmmakers.}}
| align="right" |₹419–439 crore
| align="center" |2019
| align="center" |{{efn|name="sho"}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |8
|''[[Devara: Part 1]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|380{{ndash}}521 crore}}
| align="center" |2024
| align="center" |{{efn|name="devara"}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |9
|''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]''
|align="right" |₹360 crore
|align="center" |2021
|align="center" |<ref name="pushpa1">{{Cite web |last=Thanjavur |first=Kiran Kumar |date=17 March 2023 |title=భారతీయ బాక్సాఫీస్ దగ్గర ఎక్కువ వసూళ్లు సాధించిన సినిమాలు.. KGF2, RRR ప్లేసెస్ ఎక్కడంటే.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/top-highest-grosser-indian-movies-from-rrr-kgf-2-to-kantara-bahubali-pathaan-these-are-the-movies-which-highest-gross-indian-movies-now-rrr-movie-cross-kgf-2-life-time-collections-ta-1670896-page-28.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828091029/https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/top-highest-grosser-indian-movies-from-rrr-kgf-2-to-kantara-bahubali-pathaan-these-are-the-movies-which-highest-gross-indian-movies-now-rrr-movie-cross-kgf-2-life-time-collections-ta-1670896-page-28.html |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=News18 తెలుగు |language=te}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |10
|''[[Adipurush]]{{efn|name="th"|}}''
|align="right" |{{INR|350{{ndash}}392.70 crore}}
|align="center" |2023
|align="center" |{{efn|''[[Pinkvilla]]'' has reported {{INR|350 crore}} gross,<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2024 |title=Saaho vs Radhe Shyam, Adipurush, Salaar Box Office: Analysing Prabhas' films after historic Baahubali duology |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/saaho-vs-radhe-shyam-adipurush-salaar-box-office-analysing-prabhas-films-after-historic-baahubali-duology-1302572 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> whereas ''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]'' reported a worldwide gross of {{INR|392.70 crore}}<ref name="BO"/>|name="adi"}}
|}

== Highest-grossing films by opening day ==

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!Rank
!Title
!Worldwide gross
!Language
!Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:right |1
|''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]''
| align="right" |{{INR|247–280 crore}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |Telugu
| style="text-align:center;"|2024
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pushpa 2 All India Day One Collections |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8854 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Box Office India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2024 |title=Worldwide Box Office: Pushpa 2 enters the Rs. 400 crore club in 2 days flat; Allu Arjun film Rs. 145 crore on second day |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/worldwide-box-office-pushpa-2-enters-rs-400-crore-club-2-days-flat-allu-arjun-film-rs-145-crore-second-day/ |access-date=7 December 2024 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |2
|''[[RRR]]''
| align="right" |₹223 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |2022
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=RRR Box Office Collection Day 1: SS Rajamouli Film Collects Rs 223 Cr, Beats Baahubali 2's Earnings |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rrr-collects-staggering-rs-240-crore-on-opening-day-looks-set-to-beat-baahubali-4911365.html |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=News18 |date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327045748/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rrr-collects-staggering-rs-240-crore-on-opening-day-looks-set-to-beat-baahubali-4911365.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |3
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
| align="right" |₹217 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |2017
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2017 |title=Baahubali 2 box office collection day 1: SS Rajamouli film shatters records, earns Rs 217 cr worldwide |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/baahubali-2-box-office-collection-day-1-ss-rajamouli-film-breaks-bo-records-on-opening-day-4631899/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=10 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110185226/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/baahubali-2-box-office-collection-day-1-ss-rajamouli-film-breaks-bo-records-on-opening-day-4631899/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |4
|''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
| align="right" |₹196{{En dash}}240 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |Hindi
| align="center" |2026
| align="center" |{{efn|''Dhurandhar: The Revenge''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses on the opening day, as per reliable sources, vary between ₹196 crore (''[[Box Office India]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar 2 Emerges WORLDWIDE Day One Champion |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=9681 |access-date=21 March 2026 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>) {{ndash}} ₹240 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2026 |title=Dhurandhar 2 worldwide box office collection day 1: ₹240 crore start breaks all Bollywood records, beats even Baahubali |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-2-worldwide-box-office-collection-day-1-ranveer-singh-aditya-dhar-film-240-crore-bollywood-record-baahubali-101773983248388.html |access-date=20 March 2026 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>, ''[[The Economic Times]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2026 |title=Dhurandhar 2 craze peaks: Not just on screen! Ranveer Singh’s ‘Hamza Mazari’ lookalike creates buzz outside theatres in Nagpur, draws massive attention |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/dhurandhar-2-craze-peaks-not-just-on-screen-ranveer-singhs-hamza-mazari-lookalike-creates-buzz-outside-theatres-in-nagpur-draws-massive-attention/articleshow/129696273.cms?from=mdr |access-date=20 March 2026 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>, ''[[Deccan Herald]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar 2 collection: Ranveer Singh film opens at Rs 240 crore globally |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dhurandhar-2-day-1-collection-aditya-dhars-espionage-drama-opens-at-rs-240-crore-globally-3938515 |access-date=21 March 2026 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>). Note that both numbers include paid premiers.|name=dhurandhar2opening}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |5
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
| align="right" |₹180 crore
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Telugu
| style="text-align:center;" |2024
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Worldwide Box Office: Prabhas & Deepika Padukone break records with Rs. 180 crores on Day 1 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kalki-2898-ad-worldwide-box-office-prabhas-deepika-padukone-break-records-rs-180-crores-day-1/ |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828091614/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/kalki-2898-ad-worldwide-box-office-prabhas-deepika-padukone-break-records-rs-180-crores-day-1/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |6
|''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''
| align="right" |₹178.7 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |2023
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salaar Box Office Collection Day 1:सालार ने पहले ही दिन तोड़ा सबका रिकार्ड, जानें- कलेक्शन |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/entertainment/salaar-box-office-collection-day-1-salaar-breaks-the-record/2025267 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |7
|''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]''
| align="right" |₹165.37 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |Kannada
| style="text-align:center;" |2022
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2022 |title=KGF 2 box office collection worldwide day 1: Yash's film gets massive opening; mints 165 crores worldwide |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kgf-chapter-2-box-office-collection-yash-film-gets-massive-opening-mints-rs-165-crore-worldwide-2946557 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211120711/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kgf-chapter-2-box-office-collection-yash-film-gets-massive-opening-mints-rs-165-crore-worldwide-2946557 |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |8
|''[[They Call Him OG]]''
| align="right" |₹155 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |Telugu
| style="text-align:center;" |2025
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2025 |title=They Call Him OG Box Office Report: Pawan Kalyan-Emraan Hashmi starrer beats Allu Arjun-Rashmika Mandanna's Pushpa 2 - here's how |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/they-call-him-og-box-office-pawan-kalyan-emraan-hashmi-starrer-beats-allu-arjun-rashmika-mandannas-pushpa-2-heres-how-13937067.html |access-date=26 September 2025 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |9
|''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]''
| align="right" |₹151 crore
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Tamil
| style="text-align:center;" |2025
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2025 |title=Box Office: War 2 trails Coolie on Day 2 as well; Rajinikanth starrer collects Rs. 90 crores while War 2 collects Rs. 75 crores globally |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-war-2-trails-coolie-day-2-well-rajinikanth-starrer-collects-rs-90-crores-war-2-collects-rs-75-crores-globally/ |access-date=16 August 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |10
|''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]''
| align="right" |₹145 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |2023
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjiv |title=Leo Day 1 Collection: లియో సినిమాకు తొలి రోజే 145 కోట్లు.. విజయ్ బిగ్గెస్ట్ రికార్డ్.. ఫస్ట్ మూవీగా ఘనత |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vijay-leo-movie-day-1-expected-worldwide-box-office-collection-121697708215586.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028155125/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vijay-leo-movie-day-1-expected-worldwide-box-office-collection-121697708215586.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Highest-grossing films by month ==

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Month
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Language
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" |January
|''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]''
|align="right" |₹1,050.30 crore
|rowspan="2" align="center" |Hindi
|align="center" |2023
|align="center" |{{efn|name="patn"|''Pathaan''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹1,050.30 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="PB"/>) – ₹1,052.50 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Jogani |first=Rishil |title=Pathaan Final Worldwide Box Office: Shah Rukh Khan led actioner's record breaking run to end at Rs 1055 crores |website=Pinkvilla |date=27 March 2023 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/:; |access-date=8 September 2024 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816001911/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/:; |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
|-
!scope="row" |February
|''[[Chhaava]]''
|align="right" |{{INR|783–807.40 crore}}
|align="center" |2025
|align="center" |{{efn|name="chhaava"}}
|-
!scope="row" |March
|''[[RRR]]''
|align="right" |₹1,300–1,387 crore
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Telugu
|align="center" |2022
|align="center" |{{efn|name="rrr"}}
|-
!scope="row" |April
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|align="right" |₹1,810.60 crore
|align="center" |2017
|align="center" |{{efn|name="bb2"}}
|-
!scope="row" |May
|''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]''
|align="right" |{{INR|319.60 crore}}
|align="center" |Hindi
|align="center" |2013
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |title=Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=31 May 2013 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani/box-office/ |access-date=7 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826164911/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |June
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
|align="right" |₹1,042–1,100 crore
|align="center" |Telugu
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |{{efn|name="kalki"}}
|-
!scope="row" |July
|''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]''
|align="right" |₹867–969.06 crore
|rowspan="4" align="center" |Hindi
|align="center" |2015
|align="center" |{{efn|name="bbn"}}
|-
!scope="row" |August
|''[[Stree 2]]''
|align="right" |₹874.58 crore
|align="center" |2024
|align="center" |<ref name=S2/>
|-
!scope="row" |September
|''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]''
|align="right" |₹1,148.32–1,159 crore
|align="center" |2023
|align="center" |{{efn|name="jwn"|''Jawan''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹1,148.32 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="JB"/>) – ₹1,159 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Jatinder |title=Jawan Final Box Office collections: Shah Rukh Khan film closes over 400Cr Overseas and 1150Cr Worldwide |website=Pinkvilla |date=21 November 2023 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/jawan-overseas-and-worldwide-final-box-office-collections-shah-rukh-khan-film-closes-400cr-plus-overseas-1260077 |access-date=8 September 2024 |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831120734/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/jawan-overseas-and-worldwide-final-box-office-collections-shah-rukh-khan-film-closes-400cr-plus-overseas-1260077 |url-status=live}}</ref>)}}
|-
!scope="row" |October
|''[[Secret Superstar]]''
|align="right" |₹835–966 crore
|align="center" |2017
|align="center" |{{efn|name="ssr"}}
|-
!scope="row" |November
|''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''
|align="right" |₹666–800 crore
|align="center" |Tamil
|align="center" |2018
|align="center" |{{efn|name="2.0"}}
|-
!scope="row" |December
|''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]''
|align="right" |₹1,914–2,200 crore
|align="center" |Hindi
|align="center" |2016
|align="center" |{{efn|name="dgl"}}
|}

== Highest-grossing films by year ==
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Worldwide gross
!scope="col" |Industry
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" |1940
|''[[Zindagi (1940 film)|Zindagi]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|55|l|lk=on|year=1940}}
|rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |Hindi
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Earners 1940|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=145&catName=MTk0MA==|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121000555/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=145&catName=MTk0MA==|archive-date=21 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1941
|''[[Khazanchi (1941 film)|Khazanchi]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|70|l|lk=off|year=1941}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=146&catName=MTk1MQ== |title=Box Office 1941 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421002538/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=146&catName=MTk1MQ== |archive-date=21 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1942
|''[[Basant (film)|Basant]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|80|l|lk=off|year=1942}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=147&catName=MTk0Mg==|title=Box Office 1942|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016214548/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=147&catName=MTk0Mg==|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1943
|''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1|c|lk=on|year=1943}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=148&catName=MTk0Mw==|title=Box Office 1943|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016213838/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=148&catName=MTk0Mw==|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1944
|''[[Rattan (film)|Rattan]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1|c|lk=off|year=1944}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=149&catName=MTk0NA==|title=Box Office 1944|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=16 October 2013|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016220247/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=149&catName=MTk0NA==|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1945
|''[[Zeenat (1945 film)|Zeenat]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|70|l|lk=off|year=1945}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=150&catName=MTk0NQ==|title=Box Office 1945|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016215819/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=150&catName=MTk0NQ==|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1946
|''[[Anmol Ghadi]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1|c|lk=off|year=1946}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=151&catName=MTk0Ng==|title=Box Office 1946|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016234044/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=151&catName=MTk0Ng==|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1947
|''[[Jugnu (1947 film)|Jugnu]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|50|l|lk=off|year=1947}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=152&catName=MTk0Nw==|title=Box Office 1947|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016222018/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=152&catName=MTk0Nw==|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1948
|''[[Chandralekha (1948 film)|Chandralekha]]''{{efn|The film was produced in both the Tamil and Hindi languages, according to the filmmakers.}}
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1.55|c|lk=off|year=1948}}
|align="center" |Tamil
|align="center" |<ref name="joshi-2011">{{cite web |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=19 September 2011 |title=Reeling It All In |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Reeling-It-All-In/278248 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918070826/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Reeling-It-All-In/278248 |archive-date=18 September 2014 |access-date=19 September 2014 |work=[[Outlook India]] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1949
|''[[Barsaat (1949 film)|Barsaat]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|2|c|lk=off|year=1949}}
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |Hindi
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ==|title=Box Office 1949|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016234445/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ==|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1950
|''[[Samadhi (1950 film)|Samadhi]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1.35|c|lk=off|year=1950}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=155&catName=MTk1MA==|title=Box Office 1950|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=30 October 2013|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030020003/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=155&catName=MTk1MA==|archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1951
|''[[Awaara]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|15.61|c|lk=off|year=1951}}
|align="center" |{{efn|See ''{{Section link|Awaara|Box office}}''}}
|-
!scope="row" |1952
|''[[Aan]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|3.57|c|lk=off|year=1952}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=158&catName=MTk1Mg==|title=Box Office 1952|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=22 September 2012|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922022116/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=158&catName=MTk1Mg==|archive-date=22 September 2012}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1953
|''[[Anarkali (1953 film)|Anarkali]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|2.35|c|lk=off|year=1953}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=159&catName=MTk1Mw==|title=Box Office 1953|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=30 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030032323/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=159&catName=MTk1Mw==|archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1954
|''[[Nagin (1954 film)|Nagin]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|2.9|c|lk=off|year=1954}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&catName=MTk1NA==|title=Box Office 1954|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=30 October 2013|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030025327/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&catName=MTk1NA==|archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1955
|''[[Pather Panchali]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|10|c|lk=off|year=1955}}
|align="center" |Bengali
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite book |last=Ray |first=Bibekananda |title=Conscience of The Race |date=2017 |publisher=[[Publications Division (India)|Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting]] |isbn=9788123026619 |page=424 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKo-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT424 |access-date=15 December 2018 |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019202257/https://books.google.com/books?id=EKo-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT424 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1956
|''[[Jagte Raho]]''{{efn|name="hb"|The film was produced in both the Hindi and Bengali languages, according to the filmmakers.}}
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|4.44|c|lk=off|year=1956}}
| rowspan="49" style="text-align:center;" |Hindi
|align="center" |{{efn|See ''{{Section link|Jagte Raho|Box office}}''}}<ref name="kudryavtsev-2008">{{cite journal |last1=Kudryavtsev |first1=Sergey |author1-link=Sergey Kudryavtsev (film critic) |date=3 August 2008 |title=Зарубежные популярные фильмы в советском кинопрокате (Индия) |trans-title=Popular Foreign Films (Indian) in Soviet Film Distribution |website=[[LiveJournal]] |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1957
|''[[Mother India]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|8|c|lk=off|year=1957}}
|align="center" |<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120922021949/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=163&catName=MTk1Nw%3D%3D Box Office 1957], [[Box Office India]], archived 22 September 2012</ref><ref name="bahubali 2 is the biggest hindi blockbuster this century archived 11 december 2017 at archive">[https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2988 Bahubali 2 Is The Biggest Hindi Blockbuster This Century] {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260207180239/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2988|date=11 December 2017}}, [[Box Office India]], 8 June 2017</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1958
|''[[Madhumati]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|4|c|lk=off|year=1958}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=164&catName=MTk1OA==|title=Box Office 1958|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=30 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030041245/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=164&catName=MTk1OA==|archive-date=30 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1959
|''[[Char Dil Char Rahen]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|5.27|c|lk=off|year=1959}}
|align="center" |{{Efn|See ''{{Section link|Char Dil Char Rahen|Box office}}''}}<ref name="kudryavtsev-2008" />
|-
!scope="row" |1960
|''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|11|c|lk=off|year=1960}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=166&catName=MTk2MA== |title=Box Office 1960 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922021750/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=166&catName=MTk2MA== |archive-date=22 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=70 iconic films of Indian cinema|url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/bQ0uThQTjybnvoYe13twlJ/70-iconic-films-of-Indian-cinema.html|access-date=25 October 2017|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=18 August 2017|archive-date=17 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217162108/http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/bQ0uThQTjybnvoYe13twlJ/70-iconic-films-of-Indian-cinema.html}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1961
|''[[Gunga Jumna]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|11|c|lk=off|year=1961}}
|align="center" |<ref name="hindustan times-2018">{{cite news |title=On Independence Day, here are the most successful Indian movies of every decade since 1947 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/on-independence-day-here-are-the-most-successful-indian-movies-of-every-decade-since-1947/story-EIf9tdhbWfO38hftOSwQIM.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=15 August 2018 |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110633/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/on-independence-day-here-are-the-most-successful-indian-movies-of-every-decade-since-1947/story-EIf9tdhbWfO38hftOSwQIM.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1962
|''[[Bees Saal Baad (1962 film)|Bees Saal Baad]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|3|c|lk=off|year=1962}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg==|title=Box Office 1962|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=14 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014080632/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=168&catName=MTk2Mg==|archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1963
|''[[Mere Mehboob]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|6|c|lk=off|year=1963}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=169&catName=MTk2Mw==|title=Box Office 1963|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=14 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014084453/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=169&catName=MTk2Mw==|archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1964
|''[[Sangam (1964 Hindi film)|Sangam]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|8|c|lk=off|year=1964}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=170&catName=MTk2NA== |title=Box Office 1964 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=25 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014072959/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=170&catName=MTk2NA== |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1965
|''[[Waqt (1965 film)|Waqt]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|6|c|lk=off|year=1965}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=171&catName=MTk2NQ==|title=Box Office 1965|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=14 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014101206/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=171&catName=MTk2NQ==|archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1966
|''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|17|c|lk=off|year=1966}}
|align="center" |<ref name="hindustan times-2018" />
|-
!scope="row" |1967
|''[[Hamraaz]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|13.33|c|lk=off|year=1967}}
|align="center" |<ref name="hindustan times-2018" /><ref name="kudryavtsev-2008" />
|-
!scope="row" |1968
|[[Duniya (1968 film)|''Duniya'']]
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|18|c|lk=off|year=1968}}
|align="center" |<ref name="kudryavtsev-2008" />
|-
!scope="row" |1969
|''[[Aradhana (1969 film)|Aradhana]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|17.85|c|lk=off|year=1969}}
|align="center" |{{efn|See ''{{Section link|Aradhana (1969 film)|Box office}}''}}
|-
!scope="row" |1970
|''[[Mera Naam Joker]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|16.81|c|lk=off|year=1970|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Мое имя Клоун (Mera Naam Joker, 1970) |url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/39723/ |website=[[KinoPoisk]] |access-date=11 December 2018 |language=ru-RU |archive-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709083112/http://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/39723/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Efn|See ''{{Section link|Mera Naam Joker|Box office}}''}}
|-
!scope="row" |1971
|''[[Caravan (1971 film)|Caravan]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|3.61|c|lk=off|year=1971|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{efn|See ''{{Section link|Caravan (1971 film)|Box office}}''}}
|-
!scope="row" |1972
|''[[Seeta Aur Geeta]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|19.53|c|lk=off|year=1972|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{efn|See ''{{Section link|Seeta Aur Geeta|Box office}}''}}
|-
!scope="row" |1973
|''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|30|c|lk=off|year=1973|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref name="hindustan times-2018" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=179&catName=MTk3Mw==/1973.htm |title=Box Office 1973 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721044326/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=179&catName=MTk3Mw%3D%3D/1973.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1974
|''[[Roti Kapada Aur Makaan]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|10.5|c|lk=off|year=1974|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=180&catName=MTk3NA==|title=Box Office 1974|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=20 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020102107/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=180&catName=MTk3NA==|archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1975
|''[[Sholay]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|58|c|lk=off|year=1975|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Sholay emerges as Bollywood's most successful re-run product even after 20 years|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19950915-sholay-emerges-as-bollywoods-most-successful-re-run-product-even-after-20-years-807750-1995-09-14|work=[[India Today]]|date=15 September 1995|access-date=15 November 2017|archive-date=1 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101010917/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sholay-emerges-as-bollywoods-most-successful-re-run-product-even-after-20-years/1/289356.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://smartinvestor.business-standard.com/market/ipoNews-418220-Top_10_biggest_commercial_hits_of_Amitabh_Bachchan.htm Top 10 biggest commercial hits of Amitabh Bachchan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015514/http://smartinvestor.business-standard.com/market/ipoNews-418220-Top_10_biggest_commercial_hits_of_Amitabh_Bachchan.htm |date=7 November 2017 }}, ''[[Business Standard]]'', 11 October 2016</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=B-Town rewind: The tale of the first Bollywood crore|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064|access-date=16 March 2014|work=[[Mid-Day]]|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316114251/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Sumit |date=31 July 1985 |title=After series of box-office duds, Ramesh Sippy strikes back with romantic venture Saagar |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850731-after-series-of-box-office-duds-ramesh-sippy-strikes-back-with-romantic-venture-saagar-770238-2013-12-27 |url-status=live |access-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209135521/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850731-after-series-of-box-office-duds-ramesh-sippy-strikes-back-with-romantic-venture-saagar-770238-2013-12-27 |archive-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1976
|''[[Barood (1976 film)|Barood]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|19.32|c|lk=off|year=1976|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{efn|See ''{{Section link|Barood (1976 film)|Box office}}''}}
|-
!scope="row" |1977
|''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|15.5|c|lk=off|year=1977|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=183&catName=MTk3Nw==|title=Box Office 1977|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=20 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020102109/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=183&catName=MTk3Nw==|archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1978
|''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|26|c|lk=off|year=1978|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref name="hindustan times-2018" />
|-
!scope="row" |1979
|''[[Suhaag (1979 film)|Suhaag]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|10|c|lk=off|year=1980|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=185&catName=MTk3OQ==|title=Box Office 1979|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=20 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020102901/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=185&catName=MTk3OQ==|archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1980
|''[[Adventures of Ali-Baba and the Forty Thieves (film)|Adventures of Ali-Baba and the Forty Thieves]]''{{efn|name="hr"|The film was produced in both the Hindi and Russian languages, according to the filmmakers.}}
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|22.11|c|lk=off|year=1980|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{Efn|See ''{{Section link|Adventures of Ali-Baba and the Forty Thieves (film)|Box office}}''|name=AliBaba}}
|-
!scope="row" |1981
|''[[Kranti]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|20|c|lk=off|year=1981|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=187&catName=MTk4MQ==|title=Box Office 1981|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=15 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225648/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=187&catName=MTk4MQ==|archive-date=15 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1982
|''[[Disco Dancer]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|100.7|c|lk=off|year=1982|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=188&catName=MTk4Mg==|title=Box Office 1982|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005013955/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=188&catName=MTk4Mg==|archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1983
|''[[Coolie (1983 Hindi film)|Coolie]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|21|c|lk=off|year=1983|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=189&catName=MTk4Mw==|title=Box Office 1983|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=15 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225522/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=189&catName=MTk4Mw==|archive-date=15 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Sumit |title=Manmohan Desai and Prakash Mehra stand out as remarkable survivors with big budget films |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19840531-manmohan-desai-and-prakash-mehra-stand-out-as-remarkable-survivors-with-big-budget-films-803626-1984-05-31 |access-date=18 April 2014 |work=[[India Today]] |date=31 May 1984 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810175138/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19840531-manmohan-desai-and-prakash-mehra-stand-out-as-remarkable-survivors-with-big-budget-films-803626-1984-05-31 |archive-date=10 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1984
|''[[Jagir (film)|Jagir]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|35.32|c|lk=off|year=1984|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref name="kudryavtsev-2008" />{{Efn|See ''{{Section link|Jagir (film)|Box office}}''}}
|-
!scope="row" |1985
|''[[Ram Teri Ganga Maili]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|19|c|lk=off|year=1985|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=191&catName=MTk4NQ==|title=Box Office 1985|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=15 January 2013|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225626/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=191&catName=MTk4NQ==|archive-date=15 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1986
|''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|14|c|lk=off|year=1986|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=192&catName=MTk4Ng==|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225618/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=192&catName=MTk4Ng==|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 January 2013|title=Box Office 1986|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=15 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1987
|''[[Hukumat]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|11|c|lk=off|year=1987|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=193&catName=MTk4Ng==|title=Box Office 1987|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=15 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225549/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=193&catName=MTk4Nw==|archive-date=15 January 2013|access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 1988|1988]]
|''[[Tezaab]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|16|c|lk=off|year=1986|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=194&catName=MTk4OA==|title=Box Office 1988|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=15 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225637/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=194&catName=MTk4OA==|archive-date=15 January 2013|access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1989
|''[[Maine Pyar Kiya]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|45|c|lk=off|year=1989|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk4OQ==|title=Box Office 1989|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=15 January 2013|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225557/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk4OQ==|archive-date=15 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1990
|''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|20|c|lk=off|year=1990|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=196&catName=MTk5MA== |title=Box Office 1990 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017072637/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=196&catName=MTk5MA%3D%3D |archive-date=17 October 2013 |access-date=7 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 1991|1991]]
|''[[Saajan]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|18|c|lk=off|year=1991|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 1991 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=197&catName=MTk5MQ== |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=10 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115230117/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=197&catName=MTk5MQ%3D%3D |archive-date=15 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1992
|''[[Beta (film)|Beta]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|23.5|c|lk=off|year=1992|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=198&catName=MTk5Mg%3D%3D |title=Box Office 1992 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=25 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115230035/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=198&catName=MTk5Mg%3D%3D |archive-date=15 January 2013 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1993
|''[[Aankhen (1993 film)|Aankhen]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|25.25|c|lk=off|year=1993|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=199&catName=MTk5Mw%3D%3D |title=Box Office 1993 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=25 December 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115230044/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=199&catName=MTk5Mw%3D%3D |archive-date=15 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Top Adjusted Nett Grossers 1993|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-adjusted-nett-gross.php?year=1993|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=19 October 2018|archive-date=9 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509134920/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-adjusted-nett-gross.php?year=1993|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="box office india-3">{{cite web |title=Top India Footfalls All Time (Hindi) |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/india-footfalls.php |access-date=3 February 2019 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |archive-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020143/https://boxofficeindia.com/india-footfalls.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1994
|''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|128|c|lk=off|year=1994|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Film Journal |journal=[[The Film Journal]] |year=1995 |volume=90 |issue=1–6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwLsAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Pubsun Corporation |quote=One outstanding exception is ''Hum Aapke Hein Koun..!'', which has emerged as the biggest grosser in the history of Hindi and Indian films. (...) ''Hum Aapke Hein Koun..!'' has grossed over 70 crores rupees in 20 weeks only, a record which will be difficult to break. The film's estimated gross business is 250 crores rupees, or even more. |access-date=2 May 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407070847/https://books.google.com/books?id=WwLsAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=11 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717214321/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1995
|''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|103|c|lk=off|year=1995|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajinder |first1=Dudrah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Wz4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183 |title=The Bollywood Reader |last2=Jigna |first2=Desai |date=1 October 2008 |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education]] |isbn=978-0-335-22212-4 |page=183 |access-date=2 May 2022 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418165238/https://books.google.com/books?id=4Wz4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ganti |first1=Tejaswini |title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry |date=7 March 2012 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8223-5213-6 |page=289 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA289 |access-date=1 May 2022 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418165303/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA289 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office 1995 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=201&catName=MTk5NQ== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130220613/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=201&catName=MTk5NQ== |archive-date=30 January 2009 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="box office india">{{cite web|title=Top Adjusted Nett Grossers All Time|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-adjusted-nett-gross.php|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=19 October 2018|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006175148/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-adjusted-nett-gross.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1996
|''[[Raja Hindustani]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|76|c|lk=off|year=1996|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=1996|title=Box Office 1996|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217142915/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=1996|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 1996|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=202&catName=MTk5Ng==|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=22 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922015917/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=202&catName=MTk5Ng==|archive-date=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Top Overseas Grossers: 1996|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas-total-gross.php?year=1996|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019163954/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas-total-gross.php?year=1996|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="box office india-3" />
|-
!scope="row" |1997
|''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|71.87|c|lk=off|year=1997|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=1997|title=Box Office 1997|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=22 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222234722/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=1997|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1998
|''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|107|c|lk=off|year=1998|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=1998|title=Box Office 1998|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217143042/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |1999
|''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|81.71|c|lk=off|year=1999|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=1999|title=Box Office 1999|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217142954/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=1999|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2000
|''[[Mohabbatein]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|90.01|c|lk=off|year=2000|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2000|title=Box Office 2000|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217142957/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2000|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2001
|''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|136|c|lk=off|year=2001|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2001 |title=Box Office 2001 |access-date=16 February 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225151822/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2001%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2002
|''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|168|c|lk=off|year=2002|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |author1-link=Anupama Chopra |title=I'm fresh and looking forward to my third innings: Shah Rukh Khan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/20030324-i-am-looking-forward-to-my-third-innings-shah-rukh-khan-793334-2003-03-24 |access-date=10 May 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |date=24 March 2003 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404113758/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/20030324-i-am-looking-forward-to-my-third-innings-shah-rukh-khan-793334-2003-03-24 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2003
|''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|86.09|c|lk=off|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2003|title=Box Office 2003|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225151858/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2003|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2004
|''[[Veer-Zaara]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|97.64|c|lk=off|year=2004|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2004|title=Box Office 2004|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225151831/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2004|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2005
|''[[Chandramukhi]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|90|c|lk=off|year=2005|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |Tamil
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=How a 60-year-old beat Shah Rukh, Aamir Khan, Salman Khan at box office in their peak, gave highest-grossing Indian film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-60-year-old-rajinikanth-beat-shah-rukh-khan-aamir-khan-salman-khan-box-office-highest-grossing-indian-film-enthiran-101750826291013.html |access-date=5 January 2026 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2006
|''[[Dhoom 2]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|162|c|lk=off|year=2006|mode=historical}}
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia2006">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2006|title=TOP WORLDWIDE GROSSERS 2006|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225151902/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2006|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2007
|''[[Om Shanti Om]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|152|c|lk=off|year=2007|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2007|title=TOP WORLDWIDE GROSSERS 2007|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225151859/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Om Shanti Om |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1024943/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515153327/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1024943/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2008
|''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|194.58|c|lk=off|year=2008|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghajini |website=Box Office India |date=25 December 2008 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=309 |access-date=7 September 2024 |archive-date=19 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119180413/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=309 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2009
|''[[3 Idiots]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|400.61|c|lk=off|year=2009|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref name="times now-2018">{{Cite news |date=27 February 2018 |title=Deepika Padukone's Padmaavat beats Aamir Khan's Dhoom 3 and Salman Khan's Tiger Zinda Hai at the box office |url=http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/deepika-padukone-padmaavat-beats-aamir-khan-dhoom-3-and-salman-khans-tiger-zinda-hai-at-the-box-office/202889 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507151800/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/deepika-padukone-padmaavat-beats-aamir-khan-dhoom-3-and-salman-khans-tiger-zinda-hai-at-the-box-office/202889 |archive-date=7 May 2020 |access-date=27 February 2018 |work=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2010|2010]]
|''[[Enthiran]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|283|c|lk=off|year=2010|mode=historical}} – {{INRConvert|320|c|lk=off|year=2010|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |Tamil
|align="center" |{{efn|''Enthiran''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹283 crore (''[[Hindustan Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Nivedita |date=3 August 2015 |title=Five non-Hindi films that smashed records at the box office |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/five-non-hindi-films-that-smashed-records-at-the-box-office/story-0BtaVxS8AxqGm7ZHbvLLFK.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718085258/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/five-non-hindi-films-that-smashed-records-at-the-box-office/story-0BtaVxS8AxqGm7ZHbvLLFK.html |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>) – ₹290 crore (''[[India Today]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=8 August 2023 |title=Before 'Jailer', here's a look at top 7 highest-grossing films of Rajinikanth |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/before-jailer-heres-a-look-at-top-7-highest-grossing-films-of-rajinikanth-2417510-2023-08-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828091047/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/before-jailer-heres-a-look-at-top-7-highest-grossing-films-of-rajinikanth-2417510-2023-08-08 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=India Today}}</ref>) – ₹300 crore (''[[The New Indian Express]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghu |first=Sunita |date=4 May 2014 |title=Setting the Cash Registers Ringing. The Top Ten Grossers So Far |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2014/May/04/setting-the-cash-registers-ringing.-the-top-ten-grossers-so-far-607866.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126063622/https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2014/may/04/Setting-the-Cash-Registers-Ringing.-The-Top-Ten-Grossers-So-Far-607866.html |archive-date=26 November 2023 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>) – ₹320 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.0: All India – Overseas – Worldwide Update |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4486 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926091131/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4486 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>)|name="etn"}}
|-
!scope="row" |2011
|''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|253|c|lk=off|year=2011|mode=historical}}
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |Hindi
|align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2011|title=Box Office 2011|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225151932/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2012
|''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|335|c|lk=off|year=2012|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref name="bollywood hungama-2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tiger-zinda-hai/box-office/|title=Tiger Zinda Hai Box Office Collection|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=14 February 2019|archive-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215155826/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tiger-zinda-hai/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2013
|''[[Dhoom 3]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|556.74|c|lk=off|year=2013|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{efn|name="dhm3"}}
|-
!scope="row" |2014
|''[[PK (film)|PK]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|769.89|c|lk=off|year=2014|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{efn|name="pk"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2015|2015]]
|''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|918.18|c|lk=off|year=2015|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{efn|name="bbn"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2016|2016]]
|''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1968|c|lk=off|year=2016|mode=historical}} – {{INRConvert|2024|c|lk=off|year=2016|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{efn|name="dgl"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2017|2017]]
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1810.60|c|lk=off|year=2017|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |Telugu
|align="center" |{{efn|name="bb2"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2018|2018]]
|''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|666|c|lk=off|year=2018|mode=historical}} – {{INRConvert|800|c|lk=off|year=2018|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |Tamil
|align="center" |{{efn|name="2.0"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2019|2019]]
|''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|475.62|c|lk=off|year=2019|mode=historical}}
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Hindi
|align="center" |{{efn|name="war"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2020|2020]]
|''[[Tanhaji]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|368|c|lk=off|year=2020|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |<ref name="bollywood hungama-4">{{Cite web |title=Tanhaji Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912023808/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/taanaji-the-unsung-warrior/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |archive-date=12 September 2017 |access-date=2 March 2020 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2021|2021]]
|''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|350|c|lk=off|year=2021|mode=historical}} – {{INRConvert|360|c|year=2021|mode=historical}}
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Telugu
|align="center" |<ref name="pushpa1"/>
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2022|2022]]
|''[[RRR]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1300|c|lk=off|year=2022|mode=historical}} – {{INRConvert|1387|c|year=2022|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |{{efn|name="rrr"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2023|2023]]
|''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1148.32|c|lk=off|year=2023|mode=historical}}
|align="center" |Hindi
|align="center" |{{efn|name="jwn"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2024|2024]]
|''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]''
|align="right" |{{INRConvert|1642|c|lk=off|year=2024}} – {{INRConvert|1800|c|year=2024}}
|align="center" |Telugu
|align="center" |{{efn|name="pushpa2"}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2025|2025]]
| ''[[Dhurandhar]]''
| align="right" |{{INRConvert|1350.83|c|lk=off|year=2025}} – {{INRConvert|1428|c|year=2025}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Hindi
| align="center" |<ref name="dhurandhar" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2026 |title=Dhurandhar box office collection, all records broken ahead of its OTT release date: When and where to watch Ranveer Singh film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dhurandhar-box-office-collection-records-broken-ranveer-singh-ott-release-10500823/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[List of Indian films of 2026|2026]]
| style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
| align="right" |{{INRConvert|1243.06|c|lk=off|year=2026}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2026 |title=Dhurandhar:The Revenge Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dhurandhar-the-revenge/box-office/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Highest-grossing franchises ==
The ''[[Khiladi (franchise)|Khiladi]]'' franchise was the first film franchise to gross over [[100 Crore Club|{{INR}}100{{nbsp}}crore]], followed by the ''[[Krrish (franchise)|Krrish]]'' film series. ''[[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali]]'' is the first franchise to collect over [[1000 Crore Club|{{INR}}1,000{{nbsp}}crore]] at the box office, Dhurandhar is the only franchise where all the films have grossed at least {{INR}}1000{{nbsp}}crore worldwide.

{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:0px solid silver; width:58em;"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Highest-grossing franchises}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|type=header
|ranklabel=<div style="width:2em; text-align:center;">Rank</div>
|titlelabel=<div style="width:15em; text-align:center;">Franchise</div>
|totallabel=<div style="width:em; text-align:center;">Worldwide<br />gross<br />(crore)</div>
|numberlabel=<div style="width:2em; text-align:center;">No.<br />of<br />films</div>
|averagelabel=<div style="width:em; text-align:center;">Average<br />gross<br />(crore)</div>
|highestlabel=<div style="width:em; text-align:center;">Highest grosser</div>}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=1|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[YRF Spy Universe]]</div>|number=6|highest=Pathaan|gross=1,050.30 crore

|[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]] ''(2023)''{{efn|name="patn"}}
|1050.30
|[[Tiger Zinda Hai]] ''(2017)''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022" />
|565.10
|[[War (2019 film)|War]] ''(2019)''{{efn|name="war"}}
|475.79
|[[Tiger 3]] ''(2023)''<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 November 2023|title=Tiger 3 Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tiger-3/box-office/|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=13 November 2023|archive-date=25 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125153404/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/tiger-3/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>|466.63
|[[Ek Tha Tiger]] ''(2012)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ek Tha Tiger Box Office Collection |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=28 March 2024 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ek-tha-tiger/box-office/ |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118191714/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ek-tha-tiger/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|335
|[[War 2 (film)|War 2]] ''(2025)''<ref>{{cite web |title=War 2 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/war-2/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 August 2025 |access-date=15 August 2025}}</ref>
|303}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=2|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">Dhurandhar</div>|number=2|highest=Dhurandhar|gross=1350.83 crore

|[[Dhurandhar]] ''(2025)''
|1350.83
|[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge|The Revenge]] ''(2026)''
|1243.06}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=3|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali]]</div>|number=3|highest=Baahubali 2: The Conclusion|gross=1,810.60 crore

|[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion|The Conclusion]] ''(2017)''{{efn|name="bb2"}}
|1810.60
|[[Baahubali: The Beginning|The Beginning]] ''(2015)''{{efn|name="bb1"}}
|600
|[[Baahubali: The Epic|The Epic]] ''(2025)''|51.70}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=4|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Pushpa (film series)|Pushpa]]</div>|number=2|highest=Pushpa 2: The Rule|gross=1,642–1,800 crore

|[[Pushpa 2: The Rule|The Rule]] ''(2024)''{{efn|name="pushpa2"}}|1642|[[Pushpa: The Rise|The Rise]] ''(2021)''<ref name="pushpa1"/>
|360|}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=5|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[KGF (film series)|KGF]]</div>|number=2|highest=KGF: Chapter 2|gross=1,200–1,250

|[[KGF: Chapter 2|Chapter 2]] ''(2022)''{{efn|name="kgf2"}}
|1200
|[[KGF: Chapter 1|Chapter 1]] ''(2018)''<ref name="kgf1" />
|250}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=6|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Maddock Horror Comedy Universe]]</div>|number=5|highest=Stree 2|gross=874.58 crore

|[[Stree 2]] ''(2024)''<ref name=S2/>
|874.58
|[[Stree (2018 film)|Stree]] ''(2018)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stree-3/box-office/|title=Stree Box Office Collection till Now|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=31 August 2018|access-date=7 December 2022|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207161143/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stree-3/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|180.76
|[[Thamma]] (2025)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thamma Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/thamma/box-office/|access-date=22 October 2025|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=22 October 2025}}</ref>
|169.75
|[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]] ''(2024)''<ref>{{cite news|title=Munjya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/munjya/box-office/|access-date=9 June 2024|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=9 June 2024|language=en|archive-date=9 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609052809/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/munjya/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|132.13
|[[Bhediya]] ''(2022)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhediya Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhediya/box-office/|access-date=27 November 2022|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=25 November 2022|archive-date=22 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222060603/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhediya/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|90
}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=7|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Rohit Shetty's Cop Universe]]</div>|number=5|highest=Simmba|gross=391.68–400.19 crore

|[[Simmba]] ''(2018)''{{efn|name="smb"}}
|391.68
|[[Singham Again]] ''(2024)''{{efn|name="SinghamAgain"|''Singham Again''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹367 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Mohit |date=28 December 2024 |title=Year Ender 2024: Top 10 highest-grossing Indian movies at worldwide box office; Pushpa 2 takes the throne |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/year-ender-2024-top-10-highest-grossing-indian-movies-at-worldwide-box-office-1364480 |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹389.64 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref name="SA"/>)}}
|367
|[[Sooryavanshi]] ''(2021)''<ref name="BollywoodHungama3September2024Page2">{{cite web |title=Worldwide Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/2/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227151832/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/2/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|294.91
|[[Singham Returns]] ''(2014)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/world_total |title=Boxoffice |access-date=18 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128164504/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/world_total |archive-date=28 November 2015}}</ref>
|216
|[[Singham]] ''(2011)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Singham |website=Box Office India |date=22 July 2011 |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=4 |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907114554/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=4 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|141.31}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=8|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">Kantara</div>|number=2|highest=Kantara: Chapter 1|gross=850–900 crore

|[[Kantara: Chapter 1|Chapter 1]] ''(2025)''{{efn||name="kanch1"}}
|850
|[[Kantara (2022 film)|Kantara]] ''(2022)''{{efn|name="Kantara"}}
|400}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=9|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Lokesh Cinematic Universe]]</div>|number=3|highest=Leo|gross=595–615 crore

|[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]] ''(2023)''{{efn|name="leo"}}
|595
|[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]] ''(2022)''{{efn|name=vkm}}
|400
|[[Kaithi (2019 film)|Kaithi]] ''(2019)''<ref>{{cite web |date=4 December 2019 |title=Bigil, Petta, Viswasam, Kanchana 3, Nerkonda Paarvai, Kaithi power Kollywood's theatrical takings in 2019 to Rs 1000 cr |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigil-petta-viswasam-kanchana-3-nerkonda-paarvai-kaithi-power-kollywoods-theatrical-takings-in-2019-to-rs-1000-cr-7736851.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228120405/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigil-petta-viswasam-kanchana-3-nerkonda-paarvai-kaithi-power-kollywoods-theatrical-takings-in-2019-to-rs-1000-cr-7736851.html |archive-date=28 December 2019 |access-date=5 June 2022 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>
|105}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=10|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Housefull (film series)|Housefull]]</div>|number=5|highest=Housefull 4|gross=280.27 crore

|[[Housefull 4]] ''(2019)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Worldwide Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/2/ |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227151832/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|280.27
|[[Housefull 5]] ''(2025)''
|242.80
|[[Housefull 3]] ''(2016)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Worldwide Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/3/ |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907114655/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/3/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|195
|[[Housefull 2]] ''(2012)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Housefull 2 Box Office Collection |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=27 April 2020 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/housefull-2/box-office/ |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=23 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223080518/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/housefull-2-2012-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|186
|[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]] ''(2010)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Housefull |website=Box Office India |date=30 April 2010 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=92 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526020944/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=92 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|124.50
}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=11|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Enthiran (film series)|Enthiran]]</div>|number=2|highest=2.0|gross=666–800 crore

|[[2.0 (film)|2.0]] ''(2018)''{{efn|name="2.0"}}
|666
|[[Enthiran]] ''(2010)''{{efn|name="etn"}}
|283
}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=12|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">Gadar</div>|number=2|highest=Gadar 2|gross=687–691.08 crore

|[[Gadar 2]] ''(2023)''
|687
|[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha|Ek Prem Katha]] (2001)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ek Prem Katha |website=Box Office India |date=15 June 2001 |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=657 |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419222559/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=657 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|133.13}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=13|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">Ponniyin Selvan</div>|number=2|highest=Ponniyin Selvan: I|gross=450–500 crore

|[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]] ''(2022)''{{efn|name=ps1}}
|450
|[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]] ''(2023)''<ref name="ps2" />
|350}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=14|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Dhoom (franchise)|Dhoom]]</div>|number=3|highest=Dhoom 3|gross=556.74 crore

|[[Dhoom 3]] ''(2013)''{{efn|name="dhm3"}}
|556.74
|[[Dhoom 2]] ''(2006)''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia2006"/>
|151.38
|[[Dhoom]] ''(2004)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Worldwide Highest Grossing Bollywood Movies on 2004 |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2004/ |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904031700/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2004/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|47.70}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=15|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">Sujeeth Cinematic Universe</div>|number=2|highest=Saaho|gross=419-439 crore

|[[Saaho]] ''(2019)''{{efn|name="sho"}}
|419
|[[They Call Him OG]] ''(2025)''{{efn|''They Call Him OG''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹294 crore (''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'';<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wadhwa |first1=Aman |title=They Call Him OG OTT release date: When, where to watch Pawan Kalyan-starrer action blockbuster |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-they-call-him-og-ott-release-date-when-where-to-watch-pawan-kalyan-starrer-action-blockbuster-netflix-3184851 |website=DNA India |access-date=23 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]''<ref>{{cite web |title='They Call Him OG' OTT release: When and where to watch Pawan Kalyan-starrer action drama |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/when-and-where-to-watch-pawan-kalyan-starrer-action-drama/cid/2128421 |website=The Telegraph (India) |access-date=23 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref>) – ₹300 crore (''[[The Economic Times]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=They Call Him OG OTT release update: When and where to watch Pawan Kalyan's Telugu blockbuster movie after theatrical run |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/they-call-him-og-ott-release-update-when-and-where-to-watch-pawan-kalyans-telugu-blockbuster-movie-after-theatrical-run/articleshow/124350947.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=23 October 2025 |date=7 October 2025}}</ref>)}}
|294}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=16|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">Bhool Bhulaiyaa</div>|number=3|highest=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3|gross=371–423.85 crore

|[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]] ''(2024)''{{efn|name="bhool3"|''Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹371 crore (''[[Pinkvilla]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/year-ender-2024-top-10-highest-grossing-bollywood-movies-at-worldwide-box-office-stree-2-takes-the-throne-1362524 |title=Top 10 highest-grossing Bollywood movies of 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |date=28 December 2024 |access-date=28 December 2024}}</ref>) – ₹423.85 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-3/box-office/|access-date=20 November 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>)}}
|371
|[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]] ''(2022)''{{efn|''Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹263.81 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 |website=Box Office India |date=20 May 2022 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6180 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801061128/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6180 |url-status=live }}</ref>) – ₹266.88 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2/box-office|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 May 2022|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622054646/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>)}}
|263.81
|[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]] ''(2007)''{{efn|''Bhool Bhulaiyaa''{{'s}} reported worldwide grosses vary between ₹82.35 crore (''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa/box-office/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=12 October 2007|access-date=20 September 2022|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921084107/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref>) –
₹82.84 crore (''[[Box Office India]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa |website=Box Office India |date=12 October 2007 |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=233 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=24 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524233614/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=233 |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}
|82.35}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=17|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Dabangg (film series)|Dabangg]]</div>|number=3|highest=Dabangg 2|gross=249.24 crore

|[[Dabangg 2]] ''(2012)''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022" />
|249.24
|[[Dabangg]] ''(2010)''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022" />
|219.27
|[[Dabangg 3]] ''(2019)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Dabangg 3 |website=Box Office India |date=20 December 2019 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5742 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=25 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825155320/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5742 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|217.83}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=18|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Golmaal (film series)|Golmaal]]</div>|number=5|highest=Golmaal Again|gross=310.98 crore

|[[Golmaal Again]] ''(2017)''<ref>{{cite web|title=Golmaal Again – Movie|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3630|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=26 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032046/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3630|url-status=live}}</ref>
|310.98
|[[Golmaal 3]] ''(2010)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Golmaal 3 |website=Box Office India |date=5 November 2010 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=25 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825155320/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|169.56
|[[Golmaal Returns]] ''(2008)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Golmaal Returns |website=Box Office India |date=29 October 2008 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=311 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416211032/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=311 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|80
|[[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]] ''(2022)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Cirkus Box Office Collection |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=6 March 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/cirkus/box-office/ |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=5 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905154602/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/cirkus/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|61.47
|[[Golmaal: Fun Unlimited|Fun Unlimited]] ''(2006)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Fun Unlimited |website=Box Office India |date=14 July 2006 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=299 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425033834/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=299 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|46.73}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=19|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Krrish (franchise)|Krrish]]</div>|number=3|highest=Krrish 3|gross=393.37 crore

|[[Krrish 3]] ''(2013)''<ref name="BollywoodHungama3September2024"/>
|393.37
|[[Krrish]] ''(2006)''<ref>{{cite web|title=Krrish|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/krrish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831172721/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/krrish|archive-date=31 August 2015|url-status=dead|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>
|126.56
|[[Koi... Mil Gaya]] ''(2003)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Koi Mil Gaya |website=Box Office India |date=8 August 2003 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=507 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=18 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718050009/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=507 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|82.33}}
|-
|{{Highest-grossing films franchise|rank=20|currency=₹|title=<div style="text-align:left;">[[Baaghi (film series)|Baaghi]]</div>|number=4|highest=Baaghi 2|gross=250.15 crore

|[[Baaghi 2]] ''(2018)''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022" />
|250.15
|[[Baaghi 3]] ''(2020)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Baaghi 3 |website=Box Office India |date=6 March 2020 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5754 |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801091504/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5754 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|135.92
|[[Baaghi (2016 film)|Baaghi]] ''(2016)''<ref name="BoxOfficeIndia4October2022" />
|126.97
|[[Baaghi 4]] ''(2025)''<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2025|title=Baaghi 4 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/baaghi-4/box-office/ |access-date=6 September 2025|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|66.39}}

|}

== See also ==

* {{annotated link|100 Crore Club}}
* {{annotated link|1000 Crore Club}}
* [[List of highest-grossing films in India]]
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets]]
* [[List of highest-grossing re-released Indian films]]
* [[List of highest-grossing South Indian films]]
* [[List of most expensive Indian films]]
* [[Lists of highest-grossing films]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cinema of India}}
{{Film box office}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Highest-grossing Indian films}}
[[Category:Lists of Indian films]]
[[Category:Lists of highest-grossing films by region|Indian worldwide]]

Official Languages Act, 1963

2026-03-23T06:30:27Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Put Up Details - done

{{Short description|Act of the Parliament of India}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Official Languages Act, 1963
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| long_title = An Act to provide for the languages which may be used for the official purposes of the Union, for transaction of business in Parliament, for Central and State Acts and for certain purposes in High Courts.
| citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1526/1/A1963__19.pdf Act No. 19 of 1963]
| enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha]]
| date_passed = 27 April 1963
| enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| date_passed2 = 7 May 1963
| assented_by = [[President of India|President]] [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| date_assented = 10 May 1963
| date_commenced = {{ubl|10 January 1965, section 5(1)|26 January 1965, section 3|19 May 1969, section 6|7 March 1970, section 7|1 October 1976, section 5(2)}}
| bill = Official Languages Bill,1963
| introduced_by = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| date_introduced = 23 April 1963
| 3rd_reading = 27 April 1963
| 3rd_reading_for = 188
| 3rd_reading_against = 15
| passed2 = 7 May 1963
| amended_by = {{ubl|Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 1967 (1 of 1968)|Delegated Legislation Provisions (Amendment) Act, 1985 (4 of 1986)}}
| status = in force
}}

The '''Official Languages Act, 1963''' is an [[act of the Parliament of India]] which designates which of the [[official languages of India]] are the language of government.

== History ==
The act was passed to pre-empt protests in certain southern states, such as [[Tamil Nadu]], where there was significant opposition to the [[Imposition of Hindi|"imposition" of Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neelakantan |first=Anand |date=2025-03-02 |title=There is more to India than Hindi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/columns/2025/Mar/02/there-is-more-to-india-than-hindi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250426113320/https://www.newindianexpress.com/columns/2025/Mar/02/there-is-more-to-india-than-hindi |archive-date=2025-04-26 |access-date=2025-04-26 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

In late 1964, an attempt was made to expressly provide for an end to the use of English, but it was met with protests from states and territories, including [[Maharashtra]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[West Bengal]], [[Karnataka]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Nagaland]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Some of these protests also turned violent.<ref>Hardgrave, Robert L. (August 1965). "The Riots in Tamilnadu: Problems and Prospects of India's Language Crisis". Asian Survey (University of California Press)</ref> As a result, the proposal was dropped,<ref>{{Citation |title=The force of words |date=19 February 1965 |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940936,00.html |access-date=5 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014111537/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940936,00.html |archive-date=14 October 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Forrester |first=Duncan B. |title=The Madras Anti-Hindi Agitation, 1965: Political Protest and its Effects on Language Policy in India |date=Spring–Summer 1966 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=39 |issue=1/2 |pages=19–36 |doi=10.2307/2755179 |jstor=2755179}}</ref> and the Act itself was amended in 1967 under the Indira Gandhi administration<ref>{{Citation |last=Singh |first=Mahendra Prasad |title=Reorganization of States and the Politics of Official Languages in India |date=2020 |work=Handbook of the Changing World Language Map |pages=1509–1524 |editor-last=Brunn |editor-first=Stanley D. |url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-02438-3_85 |access-date=2025-04-26 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-02438-3_85 |isbn=978-3-030-02438-3 |last2=Dhussa |first2=Ramesh Chandra |editor2-last=Kehrein |editor2-first=Roland|url-access=subscription }}</ref> to provide that the use of English would not be ended until a resolution to that effect was passed by the legislature of every state that had not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each house of the Indian Parliament.

On 18 January 1968, the Official Language Resolution was passed by the [[Parliament of India]] which further mandated the development and promotion of all the languages listed in the Eighth Schedule. As per the resolution, the Government of India was obligated to take measures for the development of the languages defined in the eighth schedule.<ref>{{cite act|title=Official Languages Resolution|year=1968|url=https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/official-language-resolution-1968|legislature=[[Parliament of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE RESOLUTION, 1968|url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s30f46c64b74a6c964c674853a89796c8e/uploads/2024/05/202409201128764337.pdf|website=DGDE|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

== Provision ==
The act provide for the languages which might be used for the official purposes of the union.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Patra |first=Atul Chandra |date=1968 |title=Multilingual Legislation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43949977 |journal=Journal of the Indian Law Institute |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=661–686 |issn=0019-5731}}</ref> The act effectively made English a permanent official language of India, notwithstanding the constitution limiting this to the 15 years after 1950.<ref name=":0" /> The act effectively made the government of India bilingual.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mandavkar |first=Pavan |date=2023 |title=Role of Languages in National Education System of India |url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4609001 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |language=en |doi=10.2139/ssrn.4609001 |issn=1556-5068|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The act establishes the [[Parliamentary Committee on Official Language]] and section 4 of the act states that its remit is to review the progress made in using Hindi for the official purposes of Union and submit a report.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brittas |first=John |date=2022-11-23 |title=The notional case for a national language |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/the-notional-case-for-a-national-language-1165073.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124112436/https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/the-notional-case-for-a-national-language-1165073.html |archive-date=2022-11-24 |access-date=2025-04-26 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Languages of India]]
** [[Languages with official recognition in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian language legislation]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1963]]
[[Category:Hindi]]

One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India

2026-03-23T06:30:26Z

Saurabhoaoindia: correct layout based on references per standard format

{{Short description|Constitutional amendment of 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = June 2019}}

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}

{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| imagesize = 150
| imagealt =
| caption =
| long_title = An Act further to amend the Constitution of India.
| citation = [http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/215637.pdf 104th Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution]
| territorial_extent = India
| enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha]]
| date_enacted =
| date_passed = 10 December 2019
| enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| date_passed2 = 12 December 2019
| date_assented = 21 January 2020
| date_commenced = 25 January 2020
| date_repealed =
| administered_by =
| bill = The Constitution (One Hundred and twenty six Amendment) Bill, 2019
| bill_citation = [https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-constitution-one-hundred-and-twenty-sixth-amendment-bill-2019 Bill No. 371 of 2019]
| bill_date = 4 December 2019
| introduced_by = [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| bill2 =
| bill_citation2 =
| bill_date2 =
| introduced_by2 =
| 1st_reading2 =
| 2nd_reading2 =
| 3rd_reading2 =
| amends =
| repeals =
| amended_by =
| related_legislation =
| summary =
| keywords =
| status = in force
}}
The '''One Hundred and Fourth Amendment''' of the [[Constitution of India]], extends the deadline for the cessation of the reservation of seats for members from [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] and State Legislative Assemblies by a period of 10 years.

The reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was set to expire on 26 January 2020 as mandated by the [[Ninety-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India|Ninety Fifth Amendment]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u6h0aDOLUrbGWqqO6S4PpP_-hW3FTSYI/view|title=The constitution (ninety-fifth amendment) act, 2009|website=Google Docs}}</ref> but was extended for another 10 years with the given reason:<blockquote>''Although the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes have made considerable progress in the last 70 years, the reasons which weighed with the Constituent Assembly in making provisions with regard to the aforesaid reservation of seats have not yet ceased to exist. Therefore, with a view to retaining the inclusive character as envisioned by the founding fathers of the Constitution, it is proposed to continue the reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes for another ten years i.e. up to 25th January, 2030''

''-[[Ravi Shankar Prasad]], [[Minister of Law and Justice]]''<ref>PRS India - [https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/The%20Constitution%20%28One%20Hundred%20and%20Twenty-Sixth%20Amendment%29%20Bill%2C%202019.pdf THE CONSTITUTION (ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIXTH AMENDMENT) BILL, 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110024625/http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/The%20Constitution%20(One%20Hundred%20and%20Twenty-Sixth%20Amendment)%20Bill,%202019.pdf |date=10 January 2020 }}</ref></blockquote>The amendment does not, however, extend the period of reservation of the 2 Lok Sabha seats and seats in State Legislative Assemblies reserved for members of the [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|Anglo-Indian Community]] and thus the practice of nominating two members of the Anglo-Indian community by the [[President of India]] under the recommendation of the [[Prime Minister of India]] was effectively abolished.

== Text ==
<blockquote>BE it enacted by Parliament in the Seventieth Year of the Republic of India as follows:—

'''1.''' (1) This Act may be called the Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/215637.pdf | title=The constitution (one hundred and fourth amendment) Act, 2019 | website=egazette.nic.in}}</ref>

(2) It shall come into force on the 25th day of January, 2020.

'''2'''. In article 334 of the Constitution,—

(a) for the marginal heading, the following marginal heading shall be substituted, namely:—

“Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period”;

(b) in the long line, after clauses (a) and (b), for the words "seventy years", the words "eighty years in respect of clause (a) and seventy years in respect of clause (b)" shall be substituted.

'''The full text of Article 334 of the Constitution, after the 95th Amendment, is given below:'''

{{blockquote|'''368. <s>''Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after ten years.''</s> ''Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period.'''''
Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part [Part XVI], the provisions of this Constitution relating to—
:'''(a)''' the reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States; and
:'''(b)''' the representation of the [[Anglo Indian]] community in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States by nomination,
:shall cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of <s>seventy years</s> ''eighty years in respect of clause (a) and seventy years in respect of clause (b)'' from the commencement of this Constitution: Provided that nothing in this article shall affect any representation in the House of the People or in the legislative Assembly of a State until the dissolution of the then existing House or Assembly, as the case may be.<ref name="Constitution1949">{{cite web|title=The Constitution of India (1949)|url=http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/E.pdf|work=Lok Sabha Secretariat|accessdate=30 November 2013|page=1091|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013102/http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/E.pdf|archivedate=3 December 2013}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>}}</blockquote>

== Legislative history ==
The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Bill, 2019 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 9 December 2019 by Ravi Shankar Prasad, Minister of Law and Justice. The bill sought to amend Article 334 of the constitution.

The bill was unanimously passed by the Lok Sabha on 10 December 2019 with 355 votes in favour and 0 votes against. {{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} <ref>{{Citation|title=Lok Sabha passes 126th Constitution Amendment Bill|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5MP-2yDSWg|language=en|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref> The bill was then tabled in the [[Rajya Sabha]] and was also passed unanimously on 12 December 2019 with 163 votes in favour and 0 votes against.<ref>{{Citation|title=Voting & Passing of The Constitution (126th Amendment) Bill, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHQINj9E2RY|language=en|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref> The bill received assent from the President of India, [[Ram Nath Kovind]], on 21 January 2020 and was notified in ''[[The Gazette of India]]'' on the next day. The amendment came into effect on 25 January 2020.

== See also ==

* [[One Hundred and Third Amendment of the Constitution of India|103rd Constitutional Amendment]]
* [[One Hundred and Second Amendment of the Constitution of India|102nd Constitutional Amendment]]
* [[Constitution of India]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Amendments of the Constitution of India|104]]
[[Category:2019 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Reservation in India]]

Supersonic speed

2026-03-22T17:36:27Z

Saurabhoaoindia: expand structure further and added references

{{short description|Speed that exceeds the speed of sound}}
{{Redirect|Supersonic|the character "Super Sonic"|Sonic the Hedgehog (character)|other uses}}
[[Image:F-18-diamondback blast.jpg|thumb|275px|A [[United States Navy]] [[F/A-18F Super Hornet]] in [[transonic]] [[flight]]]]
[[Image:FA-18 Hornet breaking sound barrier (7 July 1999) - filtered.jpg|right|thumb|275px|U.S. Navy [[F/A-18 Hornet|F/A-18]] approaching the speed of sound. The white cloud forms as a result of the [[Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan|supersonic expansion fans]] dropping the air temperature below the [[dew point]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070819.html |title=APOD: 2007 August 19 - A Sonic Boom |website=antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eng.vt.edu/fluids/msc/gallery/conden/mpegf14.htm |title=F-14 CONDENSATION CLOUD IN ACTION |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040602214201/http://www.eng.vt.edu/fluids/msc/gallery/conden/mpegf14.htm |archive-date=2004-06-02 |website=www.eng.vt.edu}}</ref>]]

'''Supersonic speed''' is the speed of an object that exceeds the [[speed of sound]] ([[Mach number|Mach]] 1). For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) at [[sea level]], this speed is approximately {{convert|343.2|m/s|ft/s mph kn km/h|abbr=on}}. Speeds greater than five times the speed of sound (Mach 5) are often referred to as [[hypersonic]]. Flights during which only some parts of the air surrounding an object, such as the ends of rotor blades, reach supersonic speeds are called [[transonic]]. This occurs typically somewhere between Mach 0.8 and Mach 1.2.

Sounds are traveling vibrations in the form of pressure waves in an elastic medium. Objects move at supersonic speed when the objects move faster than the speed at which sound propagates through the medium. In gases, sound travels longitudinally at different speeds, mostly depending on the [[molecular mass]] and [[temperature]] of the gas, and [[pressure]] has little effect. Since air temperature and composition varies significantly with altitude, the speed of sound, and [[Mach number]]s for a steadily moving object may change. In water at [[room temperature]], supersonic speed means any speed greater than 1,440 m/s (4,724 ft/s). In solids, sound waves can be polarized longitudinally or transversely and have higher velocities.

[[Supersonic fracture]] is crack formation faster than the speed of sound in a [[brittle]] material.

==Early meaning==
The word supersonic comes from two [[Latin influence in English|Latin derived words]]; 1) ''super'': above and 2) ''sonus'': sound, which together mean above sound, or faster than sound.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the term "supersonic" was used as an adjective to describe sound whose frequency is above the range of normal human hearing. The modern term for this meaning is "[ultrasonic|ultrasonic]", but the older meaning sometimes still lives on, as in the word [[Superheterodyne receiver#Superheterodyne|superheterodyne]]

==Supersonic objects==
[[File:British Concorde.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|[[British Airways]] [[Concorde]] in early BA livery at [[London-Heathrow Airport]], in the early 1980s]]

The tip of a [[bullwhip]] is generally seen as the first object designed to reach the speed of sound. This action results in its telltale "crack", which is actually just a [[sonic boom]]. The first human-made supersonic boom was likely caused by a piece of common cloth, leading to the whip's eventual development.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hiviz.com/projects/towel/towel.htm|title=Does the Tip of a Snapped Towel Travel Faster Than Sound?}}</ref> It is the [[wave motion]] travelling through the bullwhip that makes it capable of achieving supersonic speeds.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/2002/9/crackin-good-mathematics |title=Crackin' Good Mathematics|author=Mike May |journal=American Scientist|volume=90|issue=5|date=2002 |access-date=2015-08-26 |archive-date=2016-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322062952/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/2002/9/crackin-good-mathematics |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hypography.com/article.cfm?id=32479 |title=Hypography – Science for everyone – Whip Cracking Mystery Explained |access-date=2008-02-06 |archive-date=2012-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217002832/http://www.hypography.com/article.cfm?id=32479 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Most modern [[firearm]] [[bullets]] are supersonic, with rifle [[projectiles]] often travelling at speeds approaching and in some cases<ref name="hornady">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hornady.com/images/ballistics/ballistics_charts.pdf |title=Hornady Ammunition Charts |access-date=2011-11-04 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927043455/http://www.hornady.com/images/ballistics/ballistics_charts.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> well exceeding [[Mach (speed)|Mach 3]].

Most [[spacecraft]] are supersonic at least during portions of their reentry, though the effects on the spacecraft are reduced by low air densities. During ascent, launch vehicles generally avoid going supersonic below 30 km (~98,400 feet) to reduce air drag.

The [[Speed of sound#Speed in ideal gases and in air|speed of sound]] decreases somewhat with altitude, due to lower temperatures found there (typically up to 25 km). At even higher altitudes the temperature starts increasing, with the corresponding increase in the speed of sound.

When an inflated [[balloon]] is burst, the torn pieces of [[latex]] contract at supersonic speed, which contributes to the sharp and loud popping noise.

===Supersonic land vehicles===

To date, only one land vehicle has officially travelled at supersonic speed, the [[ThrustSSC]]. The vehicle, driven by [[Andy Green (RAF officer)|Andy Green]], holds the world land speed record, having achieved an average speed on its bi-directional run of {{convert|763|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}} in the [[Black Rock Desert]] on 15 October 1997.

The [[Bloodhound LSR]] project planned an attempt on the record in 2020 at [[Hakskeenpan]] in South Africa with a combination jet and hybrid rocket propelled car. The aim was to break the existing record, then make further attempts during which (the members of) the team hoped to reach speeds of up to {{convert|1000|mph|abbr=on|order=flip}}. The effort was originally run by [[Richard Noble]] who was the leader of the ThrustSSC project, however following funding issues in 2018, the team was bought by [[Ian Warhurst]] and renamed Bloodhound LSR. Later the project was indefinitely delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and the vehicle was put up for sale.

===Supersonic flight===
{{main|Supersonic aircraft}}

Most modern [[fighter aircraft]] are supersonic aircraft. No modern-day passenger aircraft are capable of supersonic speed, but there have been [[supersonic transport|supersonic passenger aircraft]], namely [[Concorde]] and the [[Tupolev Tu-144]]. Both of these passenger [[aircraft]] and some modern fighters are also capable of [[supercruise]], a condition of sustained supersonic flight without the use of an [[afterburner]]. Due to its ability to supercruise for several hours and the relatively high frequency of flight over several decades, Concorde spent more time flying supersonically than all other aircraft combined by a considerable margin. Since Concorde's final retirement flight on November 26, 2003, there are no supersonic passenger aircraft left in service, though the [[Boom Overture]] may reintroduce supersonic flight in the future once complete. Some large [[bombers]], such as the [[Tupolev Tu-160]] and [[Rockwell B-1 Lancer]] are also supersonic-capable.

The [[aerodynamics]] of [[supersonic aircraft]] is simpler than subsonic aerodynamics because the airsheets at different points along the plane often cannot affect each other. Supersonic jets and rocket vehicles require several times greater thrust to push through the extra [[aerodynamic drag]] experienced within the [[transonic]] region (around Mach 0.85–1.2). At these speeds [[aerospace engineer]]s can gently guide air around the [[fuselage]] of the aircraft without producing new [[shock wave]]s, but any change in cross area farther down the vehicle leads to shock waves along the body. Designers use the [[Supersonic area rule]] and the [[Whitcomb area rule]] to minimize sudden changes in size.
[[File:Dopplereffectsourcemovingrightatmach1.4.gif|thumb|The sound source is traveling at 1.4 times the speed of sound, c (Mach 1.4). Because the source is moving faster than the sound waves it creates, it actually leads the advancing wavefront. The sound source will pass by a stationary observer before the observer actually hears the sound it creates.]]
{{supersonic_shockwave_cone.svg}}
However, in practical applications, a supersonic aircraft must operate stably in both subsonic and supersonic profiles, hence aerodynamic design is more complex.

The main key to having low supersonic drag is to properly shape the overall aircraft to be long and thin, and close to a "perfect" shape, the [[Nose cone design#Haack series|von Karman ogive]] or [[Sears-Haack body]]. This has led to almost every supersonic cruising aircraft looking very similar to every other, with a very long and slender fuselage and large delta wings, cf. [[SR-71 Blackbird|SR-71]], [[Concorde]], etc. Although not ideal for passenger aircraft, this shaping is quite adaptable for bomber use.

==See also==
* [[Area rule]]
* [[Hypersonic speed]]
* [[Sonic boom]]
* [[Supersonic aircraft]]
* [[Supersonic airfoils]]
* [[Transonic|Transonic speed]]
* [[Vapor cone]]
* [[Prandtl–Glauert singularity]]
* [[Supersonic (Oasis song)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=PyEDAAAAMBAJ&dq=motor+gun+boat&pg=PA72 "Can We Ever Fly Faster Speed of Sound", October 1944, Popular Science] one of the earliest articles on shock waves and flying the speed of sound
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NSEDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+January+1946&pg=PA114 "Britain Goes Supersonic", January 1946, Popular Science] 1946 article trying to explain supersonic flight to the general public
* [http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath109/kmath109.htm MathPages – The Speed of Sound]
* [http://www.makeitlouder.com/Decibel%20Level%20Chart.txt Supersonic sound pressure levels]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aerodynamics]]
[[Category:Aerospace engineering]]
[[Category:Airspeed]]
[[Category:Sound]]
[[Category:Temporal rates]]

Italian invasion of Egypt

2026-03-21T01:50:46Z

Saurabhoaoindia: refined article for consistency and fixed typos

{{Short description|1940 Italian offensive against Egypt}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Italian invasion of Egypt
| partof = the [[Western Desert campaign]] of the [[Second World War]]
| image = File:WesternDesertBattle Area1941 en.svg
| image_upright = 1.0
| caption = Western Desert 1940
| date = 9–16 September 1940
| place = [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|26|N|30|E|display=inline}}
| mapframe = no
| result = Italian victory
| territory = 10th Army advanced to the Egyptian port of Sidi Barrani
| combatant1 = [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
| combatant2 = {{ubl|United Kingdom|[[Free France]]}}
| commander1 = {{ubl|[[Rodolfo Graziani]]|[[Mario Berti]]|[[Annibale Bergonzoli]]|[[Pietro Maletti]]}}
| commander2 = {{ubl|[[Archibald Wavell]]|[[Henry Maitland Wilson|Henry Wilson]]|[[Richard O'Connor]]|[[William Gott]]|[[John Charles Campbell|John Campbell]]}}
| strength1 = {{ubl|4 divisions|300 aircraft}}
| strength2 = {{ubl|1 reinforced brigade|205 aircraft|naval support}}
| casualties1 = {{ubl|120 killed|410 wounded|6 aircraft}}
| casualties2 = {{ubl|40 killed|10 tanks|11 armoured cars|4 lorries}}
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Western Desert}}
}}
The '''Italian invasion of Egypt''' ({{lang|it|'''Operazione E'''}}) was an offensive in the [[Second World War]] from Italian Libya, against [[United Kingdom|British]], [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] and [[Free French]] in the neutral [[Kingdom of Egypt]]. The invasion by the [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] [[Tenth Army (Italy)|10th Army]] ({{lang|it|10ª Armata}}) ended border [[Frontier Wire (Libya)|skirmishing]] on the frontier and began the [[Western Desert Campaign]] (1940–1943) proper. The Italian strategy was to advance from [[Italian Libya|Libya]] along the Egyptian coast to seize the [[Suez Canal]]. After numerous delays, the scope of the offensive was reduced to an advance as far as [[Sidi Barrani]] and the defeat of any British forces in the area.

The 10th Army advanced about {{cvt|65|mi}} into Egypt against British screening forces of the [[7th Support Group]] ([[7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|7th Armoured Division]]) the main force remaining in the vicinity of [[Mersa Matruh]], the principal British base in the Western Desert. On 16 September 1940, the 10th Army halted and took up defensive positions around the port of Sidi Barrani. British casualties were 40 men killed and the Italians suffered 120. The army was to wait in fortified camps, until engineers had built the [[Via della Vittoria]] (Victory Road) along the coast, an extension of the Libyan [[Via Balbia]]. The Italians began to accumulate supplies for an advance against the 7th Armoured Division and the [[4th Indian Division]] at Mersa Matruh, about {{cvt|80|mi}} further on.

On 8 December, before the 10th Army was ready to resume its advance on Mersa Matruh, the [[Western Desert Force]] (WDF) began [[Operation Compass]], a five-day raid against the fortified Italian camps outside Sidi Barrani. The raid succeeded and the few units of the 10th Army in Egypt that were not destroyed were forced into a hurried retreat. The WDF pursued the remnants of the 10th Army along the coast to [[Sollum]] and across the border to [[Bardia]], [[Tobruk]], [[Derna, Libya|Derna]], [[Mechili]], [[Beda Fomm]] and [[El Agheila]] on the [[Gulf of Sirte]]. The WDF suffered casualties of {{nowrap|1,900 men}} killed and wounded during Compass and took {{nowrap|133,298 Italian}} and Libyan prisoners, {{nowrap|420 [[tank]]s,}} over {{nowrap|845 guns}} and many [[aircraft]].
{{TOC limit|3}}

==Background==

===Libya===

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-783-0107-27, Nordafrika, italienischer Panzer L3-33.jpg|thumb|{{centre|Italian [[L3/33]] tankettes}}]]
[[Cyrenaica]], the eastern province of [[Libya]], had been an Italian colony since the [[Italo-Turkish War]] (1911–1912), although resistance continued until 1932. With [[Tunisia]], a part of [[French North Africa]] to the west and [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]] to the east, the Italians had to defend both frontiers and established a North Africa Supreme Headquarters, under the command of the [[Governor-General]] of [[Italian Libya]], Marshal of the Air Force [[Italo Balbo]]. Supreme Headquarters had the [[Fifth Army (Italy)|5th Army]] ([[General]] [[Italo Gariboldi]]) in the west and the [[Tenth Army (Italy)|10th Army]] ([[Lieutenant-General]] [[Mario Berti]]) in the east, which in mid-1940 had nine metropolitan divisions with an establishment of about {{nowrap|13,000 men}} each, three (Blackshirt) divisions and two [[Italian Libyan Colonial Division|Libyan colonial]] divisions, with an establishment of {{nowrap|8,000 men}} each. Reservists had been recalled in 1939, along with the usual call-up of new conscripts.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=38–39, 92}}

===Egypt===

[[File:Mk1CruiserTank.jpg|thumb|{{centre|[[Cruiser Mk I|Cruiser Tank Mk I (A9)]]}}]]
The British had based military forces in Egypt since 1882 but these were greatly reduced by the terms of the [[Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936]]. The small British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] force garrisoned the [[Suez Canal]] and the Red Sea route, which was vital to British communications with its Far Eastern and Indian Ocean territories. [[Egypt in World War II|Egypt was neutral]] during the war.{{sfn|Jackson|2006|pp=117–119}} In mid-1939, Lieutenant-General [[Archibald Wavell]] was appointed [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] (GOC-in-C) of the new [[Middle East Command]], over the [[Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II|Mediterranean and Middle East theatres]]. Until the [[Armistice of 22 June 1940]], French divisions in Tunisia faced the Italians on the western Libyan border forcing the garrison to divide and face both ways.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=19, 93}}

In Libya, the Royal Italian Army had about {{nowrap|215,000 men}} and in Egypt the British had about {{nowrap|36,000 troops,}} with another {{nowrap|27,500 men}} training in Palestine. British forces included the Mobile Division (Egypt) [[Major-General]] [[Percy Hobart]], one of two British armoured training formations, which in mid-1939 was renamed the Armoured Division (Egypt) and on 16 February 1940, the [[7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|7th Armoured Division]]. The Egyptian–Libyan border was defended by the Egyptian Frontier Force and in June 1940, the headquarters of the [[British 6th Infantry Division|6th Infantry Division]] (Major-General [[Richard O'Connor]]) took over command in the Western Desert, with instructions to drive back the Italians from their frontier posts and dominate the [[hinterland]], if war began. The 7th Armoured Division, less the 7th Armoured Brigade, assembled at Mersa Matruh and sent the [[7th Support Group]] forward towards the frontier as a covering force.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=19, 93, 32, 93, 97–98, 375}}

The RAF also moved most of its bombers closer to the frontier and Malta was reinforced to threaten the Italian supply route to Libya. The HQ of the 6th Infantry Division, still lacking complete and fully trained units, was renamed the [[Western Desert Force]] (WDF) on 17 June. In Tunisia, the French had eight divisions, capable only of limited operations and in Syria had three poorly armed and trained divisions, with about {{nowrap|40,000 troops}} and border guards, on occupation duties against the civilian population. Italian land and air forces in Libya greatly outnumbered the British in Egypt but suffered from poor morale and were handicapped by some inferior equipment. In Italian East Africa were another {{nowrap|130,000 Italian}} and East African troops with {{nowrap|400 guns,}} {{nowrap|200 light}} tanks and {{nowrap|20,000 lorries.}} On 10 June 1940 Italy declared war on France and Britain from 11 June. Canada declared war on Italy on 10 June and on 11 June, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa followed suit.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=32, 93, 97, 100, 375}}

===Terrain===

{{Mediterranean wind rose}}
The [[Libyan Desert|Western Desert]] is about {{cvt|240|mi}} long, from Mersa Matruh in Egypt, west to Gazala on the Libyan coast, along the [[Via Balbia]], the only paved road. The [[Erg (landform)|Sand Sea]], {{cvt|150|mi}} inland, marks the southern limit of the desert at its widest at Giarabub and Siwa; in British parlance, Western Desert came to include eastern Cyrenaica in Libya. From the coast, extending into the hinterland lies a raised, flat plain of stony desert about {{cvt|500|ft}} above sea level, that runs {{cvt|200|–|300|km|order=flip}} in depth until the Sand Sea.{{sfn|Luck|1989|p=92}} The region is inhabited by a small number of [[Bedouin]] nomads and local wildlife consists of scorpions, vipers and flies.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=115–116}}

Bedouin tracks link wells ({{lang|ar|birs}}) and the easier traversed ground; desert navigation is by sun, star, compass and "desert sense", good perception of the environment gained by experience. (When the Italian invasion of Egypt began in September 1940, the [[Maletti Group]], [{{lang|it|Raggruppamento Maletti}}, Major-General [[Pietro Maletti]]], lacking experience of desert conditions, got lost leaving Sidi Omar, disappeared and had to be found by reconnaissance aircraft.) In spring and summer, days are miserably hot and nights very cold.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=115–116}} The {{lang|ar|[[Sirocco]]}} ({{lang|ar|Gibleh}} or {{lang|ar|Ghibli}}), a hot desert wind, blows clouds of fine sand, reducing visibility to a few yards and coating eyes, lungs, machinery, food and equipment. Motor vehicles and aircraft need special oil and air filters and the barren ground means that water and food as well as military stores, have to be transported from outside.{{sfn|Lewin|1998|p=149}}

===Italian Army===
In 1936, General [[Alberto Pariani]] had been appointed Chief of Staff of the Italian Army. Pariani began a reorganisation of the army to fight ''wars of rapid decision'', according to thinking that speed, mobility and new technology could revolutionise military operations. In 1937, traditional three-regiment tertiary divisions began to change to two-regiment [[Regio Esercito (World War II)#Binary infantry division|binary divisions]], as part of a ten-year plan to reorganise the standing army into {{nowrap|24 binary,}} {{nowrap|24 triangular,}} twelve mountain, three motorised and three armoured divisions.{{sfn|Maiolo|2010|p=197}} The effect of the change was to increase the administrative overhead of the army with no corresponding increase in effectiveness; new technology such as tanks, motor vehicles and wireless communications were slow to arrive and were inferior to those of potential enemies. The dilution of the officer class to find extra unit staffs was made worse by the politicisation of the army and the addition of Blackshirt Militia.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=24}} The reforms also promoted the tactics of [[frontal assault]] to the exclusion of other theories of war, dropping the emphasis on fast, mobile warfare backed by artillery.{{sfn|Jowett|2000|pp=4–5}} By September 1939, sixteen divisions of the 67 in the Italian Army (excluding the garrison of Ethiopia) had been converted to binary divisions and had received their establishment of arms and equipment. The remaining divisions had obsolete equipment, no stock of replacements and lacked artillery, tanks, anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns and transport.{{sfn|Schreiber|2015|pp=66–67}}

Morale was considered to be high and the army had recent experience of military operations. The Italian navy had prospered under the Fascist regime, which had paid for fast, well-built and well-armed ships and a large submarine fleet but the navy lacked experience and training. The air force had been ready for war in 1936 but had stagnated and was not considered by the British to be capable of maintaining a high rate of operations. The 5th Army ({{lang|it|5ª Armata}}) in [[Tripolitania]], the western half of Libya opposite Tunisia, had eight divisions; the 10th Army with six infantry divisions garrisoned the province Cyrenaica in the east. At the end of June, after the [[Fall of France]], four divisions were transferred from the 5th Army to the 10th Army. When Italy declared war on 10 June, the 10th Army comprised the [[1st Libyan Division (Italy)|1st Libyan Division]] on the frontier from Giarabub to Sidi Omar and {{lang|it|[[XXI Army Corps (Italy)|XXI Corpo d'Armata]]}} (XXI Corps, Lieutenant-General [[Lorenzo Dalmazzo]]) from Sidi Omar to the coast, Bardia and Tobruk. {{lang|it|[[XX Army Corps (Italy)|XX Corpo d'Armata]]}} (XX Corps, Lieutenant-General ({{lang|it|Tenente Generale}}) was moved south-west of Tobruk, as a counter-attack force.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=38–39, 92}}

Before the war, Balbo expressed his doubts to Mussolini

{{blockquote|It is not the number of men which causes me anxiety but their weapons ... equipped with limited and very old pieces of artillery, almost lacking anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons ... it is useless to send more thousands of men if we cannot supply them with the indispensable requirements to move and fight.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=38}}}}

and demanding more equipment including {{nowrap|1,000 trucks,}} {{nowrap|100 water}} tankers, more medium tanks and anti-tank guns, which the Italian economy could not produce or the army transfer from elsewhere. In Rome, Badoglio, the chief-of-staff, fobbed him off with promises, "When you have the seventy medium tanks you will dominate the situation", as Balbo prepared to invade Egypt on 15 July.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=28}} After Balbo was killed in an accident, [[Benito Mussolini]] replaced him with Marshal [[Rodolfo Graziani]], with orders to attack Egypt by 8 August. Graziani replied that the 10th Army was not properly equipped and that an attack could not possibly succeed; Mussolini ordered him to attack anyway.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=207}}

==Prelude==
===10th Army===
The ten divisions of the [[10th Army (Italy)|10th Army]] (Lieutenant-General Mario Berti) comprised the {{lang|it|XX Corpo d'Armata}} (XX Corps), {{lang|it|XXI Corpo d'Armata}} (XXI Corps), {{lang|it|[[XXII Army Corps (Italy)|XXII Corpo d'Armata]]}} (XXII Corps, Lieutenant-General) [[Enrico Pitassi Mannella|Enrico Mannella]]), {{lang|it|[[XXIII Army Corps (Italy)|XXIII Corpo d'Armata]]}} (XXIII Corps, Lieutenant-General [[Annibale Bergonzoli]]). The army comprised metropolitan infantry divisions, [[Blackshirt]] ({{lang|it|Camicie Nere}} [CC.NN.]) infantry divisions and Libyan colonial divisions.{{sfn|Schreiber|2015|p=65}} XXIII Corps, with the metropolitan divisions "Cirene" and "Marmarica", the Blackshirt Division "23rd Marzo", the 1st and 2nd Libyan divisions (Lieutenant-General [[Sebastiano Gallina]]) and the Maletti Group was to conduct the invasion.{{sfn|Schreiber|2015a|pp=271–272}} Bergonzoli had about {{nowrap|1,000 lorries,}} first to move the "Cirene" and "Marmarica" divisions, followed by the "23rd Marzo". The Libyan divisions had {{nowrap|650 vehicles,}} enough to move equipment, weapons and supplies but the infantry would have to walk; the Maletti Group had {{nowrap|450 vehicles,}} enough to move its troops. The Maletti Group comprised three battalions of Libyan infantry, additional artillery, much of the Italian armoured vehicle element in Libya and almost all of the [[M11/39]] medium tanks. XXI Corps, with the Sirte and "28th Ottobre" divisions formed a reserve and XXII Corps with the "Catanzaro" and "3rd Gennaio" divisions were left at Tobruk because of the transport shortage.{{sfn|Schreiber|2015a|pp=271–272}}

=== {{lang|it|Squadra}} 5 ===
[[File:Fiat CR.42 - Benina Libya.jpg|thumb|{{center|Fiat CR.42s of the 73° and 97° Squadriglia, 9° Gruppo, 4° {{lang|it|{{lang|it|Stormo}}}} over Benina in Libya, 1940}}]]
Operational commands of the {{lang|it|Regia Aeronautica}} ([[Royal Italian Air Force]]) were called {{lang|it|Zona Aerea Territoriale}}, {{lang|it|Squadra}} or the {{lang|it|Comando}} of an area.{{sfn|Dunning|1998|p=10}} The 10th Army was supported by {{lang|it|Squadra}} 5, with {{nowrap|336 aircraft.}}{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=38}} {{lang|it|Squadra}} 5 had four bomber wings, a fighter wing, three fighter groups, two reconnaissance groups and two squadrons of colonial reconnaissance aircraft, comprising 110 [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.79]] bombers, fifty [[Breda Ba.65]] ground attack aircraft, 170 [[Fiat CR.42]] fighters and six [[IMAM Ro.37]], [[Caproni Ca.309]] and [[Caproni Ca.310]]bis long-range reconnaissance aircraft.{{sfnm|1a1=Mollo|1y=1981|1p=92|2a1=Schreiber|2y=2015a|2p=272}} On 9 September, another sixty-four bombers, seventy-five ground-attack aircraft and fifteen reconnaissance aircraft arrived from Italy.{{sfn|Schreiber|2015a|p=272}}{{efn|Sources give conflicting data, Santoro listed 110 bombers, 135 fighters, 45 ground-attack aircraft, six long-range reconnaissance aircraft and four torpedo-bombers.{{sfn|Schreiber|2015a|p=272}}}} {{lang|it|Squadra}} 5 was organised to follow and support the army in the field as a self-contained unit.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=38}}

==={{lang|it|Regia Marina}}===
{{main|Regia Marina}}
Berti could expect little support from the [[Royal Italian Navy]] ({{lang|it|Regia Marina}}) because ten submarines had been lost since Italy declared war, the fleet was too important to risk and was short of fuel.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=38}}

===Italian plans===
Three times, deadlines were set for an Italian invasion and cancelled; the first plan was intended to coincide with an expected German invasion of England on 15 July 1940. Balbo took all the trucks from the 5th Army and the M11/39 medium tanks being delivered from Italy, to reinforce the 10th Army for a crossing of the frontier wire and an occupation of Sollum as soon as war was declared. After a British counter-attack was repulsed and the Italian armies were replenished, the advance would continue. Although this plan was based on a realistic appreciation of what the Italian armies in Libya could achieve, it fell through when the invasion of England was cancelled.{{sfn|Christie|1999|pp=51–52}}{{efn|The Italians considered forming a mechanised force to invade Egypt, followed by garrison troops to maintain the lines of communication. Two divisions and a brigade of Libyan troops could be fully motorised and join the tanks and motorised artillery, which would have created an all-arms force. Graziani rejected the suggestion since the rest of the army would lose its supply transport. The Tank Command Libya ({{lang|it|Comando carri della Libia}}) three or four artillery regiments and a motorised infantry division could have been formed according to the new mechanised warfare theory but Graziani favoured strength in numbers.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=52}}}} The second plan, for 22 August, was for a limited advance to Sollum and Shawni el Aujerin to the east, with three columns moving on three lines of advance. Once Sollum had been occupied, an advance on Sidi Barrani would be considered, an example of advance-in-mass, used on the northern front in the Ethiopian War. The Italian un-motorised infantry divisions were to use the only road but the summer heat in August, which would have affected them most, led to another postponement.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=52}}

[[File:Italian pilots studying a map in Egypt (Sept 1940).jpg|alt=|thumb|{{centre|Italian pilots of the [[Royal Italian Air Force]] in Egypt study a map (September 1940).}}]]
The third plan was for an invasion on 9 September with Sidi Barrani as the objective, which Graziani disclosed to his staff six days before Mussolini ordered the invasion. The non-motorised, metropolitan divisions would advance along the coast and attack through Halfaya Pass, occupy Sollum and continue to Sidi Barrani. A southern column of the Libyan divisions and the Maletti Group was to advance along the Dayr al Hamra–Bir ar Rabiyah–Bir Enba track, to outflank the British on the escarpment. The Maletti Group was to drive south and east through the desert but the Italian staff failed to provide proper maps and navigation equipment; when moving to its assembly and jumping-off points, the group got lost and XXIII Corps Headquarters had to send aircraft to help lead the group into position; the Libyan divisions arriving late at the rendezvous near Fort Capuzzo.{{sfn|Christie|1999|pp=52–53}}

The embarrassment of the Maletti Group added to doubts about the lack of lorries, transport aircraft and British domination of the terrain, which led to another change of plan. The fourth plan was set for 13 September, with Sidi Barrani and the area to the south as the objective. The 10th Army, with only five divisions, due to the shortage of transport and the tanks of the Maletti Group, would advance in mass down the coast road, occupy Sollum and advance through Buq Buq to Sidi Barrani. The 10th Army was to consolidate at Sidi Barrani and bring up supplies, destroy a British counter-attack and resume the advance to Matruh. The non-motorised infantry divisions were to use the coast road because they would be ineffective anywhere else. A similar operation had been conducted on the northern front in Ethiopia but went against mobile warfare theory, for which there were ample forces to execute. Graziani believed the only way to defeat the British was by mass, having overestimated their strength.{{sfn|Christie|1999|pp=53–54}}

===Western Desert Force===
[[File:The British Army in North Africa 1940 E443.2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|{{centre|British Light Tanks MK VIB of the 7th Armoured Division on patrol in the desert, 2 August 1940.}}]]
Against an estimated {{nowrap|250,000 Italian}} troops based in Libya and about {{nowrap|250,000 more}} in [[Italian East Africa]], Wavell had a ration strength of about {{nowrap|36,000 troops}} in Egypt; fourteen non-brigaded battalions of British infantry; the [[2nd New Zealand Division]] (Major-General [[Bernard Freyberg]]) with one infantry brigade, an understrength cavalry regiment, a machine gun battalion and a field artillery regiment. The [[4th Indian Infantry Division]] (Major-General [[Noel Beresford-Peirse]]) had two infantry brigades and some artillery, the 7th Armoured Division (Major-General Sir [[Michael O'Moore Creagh|Michael Creagh]]) had two armoured brigades with two armoured regiments each instead of three. The 7th Support Group, with three motorised infantry battalions, artillery, engineers and machine-gunners, was to harass the Italians and to fight delaying actions between the border and Matruh if attacked but to retain the capacity to engage the main Italian force.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=92–93, 205}}

At Matruh an infantry force would await the Italian attack, while from the escarpment on the desert flank the bulk of the 7th Armoured Division, would be ready to counter-attack. The covering force was to exaggerate its size and the 7th Support Group was to use its mobility to cover the desert flank, while along the coast road, the 3rd [[Coldstream Guards]], a company of the 1st Battalion [[King's Royal Rifle Corps]] (KRRC) and a company of [[Free French Forces|Free French]] Motor Marines, with supporting artillery and machine-gunners, would fall back in stages, demolishing the road as they retired.{{sfnm|1a1=Macksey|1y=1971|1p=40|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2pp=209–210}} At the end of May 1940, the [[Royal Air Force]] in the [[Middle East]] had {{nowrap|205 aircraft,}} including {{nowrap|96 obsolete}} [[Bristol Bombay|Bombay]] medium bombers and modern [[Bristol Blenheim|Blenheim]] light bombers, {{nowrap|75 obsolete}} [[Gloster Gladiator|Gladiator]] fighters and {{nowrap|34 other}} types. In July, four [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighters arrived but only one could be spared for the WDF. By the end of July, the [[Mediterranean Fleet]] controlled the [[Mediterranean Sea|Eastern Mediterranean]] and were able to bombard Italian coastal positions and transport supplies along the coast to Matruh and beyond.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|pp=28–29}}

===Border skirmishes===
{{Main|Frontier Wire (Libya)|Fort Capuzzo}}

[[File:Officers of the 11th Hussars in a Morris CS9 armoured car use a parasol to give shade while out patrolling on the Libyan frontier, 26 July 1940. E380.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|{{centre|Officers of the [[11th Hussars]] using a parasol to give shade during a halt, while out patrolling on the Libyan frontier, 26 July 1940. The vehicle is a [[Morris CS9]] armoured car.}}]]
On 17 June, using the headquarters of the British [[6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|6th Infantry Division]], the headquarters of the WDF (Lieutenant-General O'Connor) was formed to control all troops facing the Italians in Cyrenaica, a force of about {{nowrap|10,000 men,}} with aircraft, tanks and guns. O'Connor was to organise aggressive patrolling along the frontier and set out to dominate [[no-man's land]] by creating "[[jock column]]s", mobile combined-arms formations based on units of 7th Armoured Division.{{sfn|Mead|2007|p=331}} These small, well-trained, regular forces made the first attacks on Italian convoys and fortified positions across the border.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=26}} British patrols closed up to the frontier wire on 11 June, with orders to dominate the area, harass the garrisons of the frontier forts and lay ambushes along the Via Balbia and inland tracks.{{sfn|Pitt|1980|p=32}}

Some Italian troops were unaware that war had been declared and seventy were captured on the track to Sidi Omar.{{sfn|Pitt|1980|p=32}} Patrols ranged north to the coast road between Bardia and Tobruk, west to Bir el Gubi and south to Giarabub. Within a week, the 11th Hussars (Prince Albert's Own) had seized [[Fort Capuzzo]] and at an ambush east of [[Bardia]], captured the 10th Army Engineer-in-Chief, [[Brigadier-General]] [[Romolo Lastrucci]]. Italian reinforcements arrived at the frontier, began to conduct reconnaissance patrols, improved the frontier defences and recaptured Fort Capuzzo. On 13 August, the British raids were stopped to conserve the serviceability of vehicles; the 7th Support Group took over to observe the wire for {{cvt|60|mi}} from Sollum to Fort Maddalena, ready to fight delaying actions if the Italians invaded Egypt.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=119, 205}}

=={{lang|it|Operazione}} E==
===9–10 September===
[[File:Bristol Blenheim (9817839176).jpg|thumb|{{centre|Restored example of a Bristol Blenheim (9817839176)}}]]
The {{lang|it|XXIII Corpo d'Armata}} (XXIII Corps) was to lead the 10th Army attack to Sidi Barrani in Egypt along the coast road with non-motorised and motorised formations. The corps had been given more lorries; the [[62nd Infantry Division "Marmarica"]] and [[63rd Infantry Division "Cirene"]] were part-motorised, the [[1st CC.NN. Division "23 Marzo"]] was motorised, as were the Maletti Group and the 1st Tank Group ({{lang|it|1° Raggruppamento Carri}}). The part-motorised infantry divisions would move by shuttling forward and the non-motorized infantry would have to march the {{cvt|60|mi}} to Sidi Barrani.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=54}} Bergonzoli wanted the 1st Tank Group as an advanced guard, two motorised infantry divisions in line and one motorised division in reserve. The two Libyan non-motorised infantry divisions would have to move on foot, with the Maletti Group bringing up the rear.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=54}}

The 1st Tank Group was held back in reserve, except for the LXIII Tank Battalion "L" attached to the 63rd Infantry Division "Cirene" and the LXII Tank Battalion "L", which was attached to the 62nd Infantry Division "Marmarica". The 2nd Tank Group stayed at Bardia except for the IX Tank Battalion "L" attached to the [[2nd Libyan Division (Italy)|2nd Libyan Division]]. The II Tank Battalion "M" was with the Maletti Group, which had three fully-motorised Libyan infantry battalions.{{sfn|Christie|1999|pp=54–55}} On 9 September, the activity of the Royal Italian Air Force increased and bombers from [[No. 55 Squadron RAF|55 Squadron]], [[No. 113 Squadron RAF|113 Squadron]] and [[No. 211 Squadron RAF|211 Squadron]] RAF retaliated with attacks on Italian airfields, transport, supply dumps and a raid on Tobruk by {{nowrap|21 aircraft.}}{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=38}}

Later in the day, {{nowrap|27 Italian}} fighters made a sweep over Buq Buq and the RAF flew more sorties against Italian airfields. British air reconnaissance revealed much ground movement at Bardia, Sidi Azeiz, Gabr Saleh and in the direction of Sidi Omar, on the frontier wire, from the west, which was interpreted as the beginning of the Italian invasion. The forward move of the 10th Army showed the limits of Italian mobility and navigation, when the Maletti Group got lost moving up to Sidi Omar. On 10 September, the armoured cars of the 11th Hussars spotted the Maletti Group and a thick mist shielded the British as they shadowed the slow Italian assembly. As the mist cleared, the hussars were attacked by Italian aircraft, tanks and artillery.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=38}}

===13–14 September===

[[File:WWII - Italian invasion of Egypt 1940.svg|thumb|upright=1|{{centre|The Italian invasion of Egypt, 1940}}]]
On 13 September, the 1st CC.NN. Division "23 Marzo", re-took Fort Capuzzo and a bombardment fell on Musaid, just over the Egyptian side of the border, which was then occupied. Artillery-fire and bombing began on Sollum airfield and barracks (which were empty), which raised a dust cloud. When the dust cleared the Italian army could be seen drawn up, ready to advance against the British covering force of the 3rd Coldstream Guards, some field artillery, an extra infantry battalion and a machine-gun company. The Italians advanced along the coast with two divisions leading, behind a screen of motorcyclists, tanks, motorised infantry and artillery.{{sfn|Christie|1999|pp=54–55}} The Italian formation made an easy target for artillery and aircraft but the 1st Libyan Division soon occupied Sollum barracks and began to move down the escarpment to the port.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=209–210}}

On the inland plateau, an Italian advance towards [[Halfaya Pass]] was opposed by a covering force of a 3rd Coldstream company, a Northumberland Fusilier platoon and some artillery, which began to withdraw in the afternoon, as more Italian infantry and tanks arrived. During the evening, two columns of the 2nd Libyan Division, the 63rd Infantry Division "Cirene" and the Maletti Group from Musaid and the 62nd Infantry Division "Marmarica" from Sidi Omar, converged on the pass.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=209–210}} Next day, the Italian units on the escarpment began to descend through the pass, towards the Italian force advancing along the road from Sollum. A squadron of the 11th Hussars, the 2nd Rifle Brigade and cruiser tanks of the [[1st Royal Tank Regiment]] (1st RTR) harassed the Italian force on the escarpment. Just after noon, the British troops on the coast retreated to Buq Buq and met reinforcements from the 11th Hussars and a motorised company of {{lang|fr|[[Troupes de marine]]}} (French marines), which was enough to maintain contact with the Italians. The British withdrew to Alam Hamid on 15 September and Alam el Dab on 16 September, trying to inflict maximum losses without being pinned down and destroying the coast road as they went, damage which was made worse by the amount of Italian traffic.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=210, 211}}

===16 September===
The uncommitted part of the 1st Tank Group followed the Libyan divisions towards Bir Thidan el Khadim. At Alam el Dab near Sidi Barrani, about fifty Italian tanks, motorised infantry and artillery tried an outflanking move, that forced the Coldstream Guards to retreat.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=55}} The armoured group was engaged by British field artillery and made no further move. By nightfall, the 1st CC.NN. Division "23 Marzo", had occupied [[Sidi Barrani]]. Above the escarpment, the British covering forces fell back parallel to those on the coast road and no attack from the flank occurred. British aircraft flew many reconnaissance and bombing sorties and {{lang|it|Squadra}} 5 made sweeps with up to {{nowrap|100 fighters}} and bombers on British forward airfields and defensive positions.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=211}}

The British anticipated that the Italian advance would stop at Sidi Barrani and Sofafi and began to observe the positions with the 11th Hussars, as the 7th Support Group withdrew to rest and the 7th Armoured Division prepared to confront an advance on Matruh. Italian radio broadcasts about the invasion suggested that the advance would continue from Sidi Barrani but it soon appeared that the Italians were digging-in on an arc to the south and south-west at Maktila, Tummar (east), Tummar (west), Nibeiwa and on top of the escarpment at Sofafi as divisions further back occupied Buq Buq, Sidi Omar and Halfaya Pass.{{sfnm|1a1=Macksey|1y=1971|1pp=47, 68|2a1=Playfair|2y=1959|2p=211}}

==Aftermath==

===Analysis===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-783-0104-38, Nordafrika, italienische Panzer M13-40.jpg|thumb|left|{{centre|New [[Fiat M13/40]] tanks began to arrive in October 1940}}]]
The 10th Army advanced about {{cvt|12|mi}} a day to enable the non-motorised units to keep up and at Sidi Barrani, built fortified camps. No bold mechanised strokes or flanking movements had been made by the armoured units, {{lang|it|XXIII Corpo d'Armata}} had guarded the infantry instead and the 10th Army suffered fewer than {{nowrap|550 casualties}} during the advance. The Maletti Group, the 1st Tank Group and the 1st CC.NN. Division "23rd Marzo", had failed to operate according to Italian armoured warfare theory. Lack of preparation, training and organisation had led to blunders in assembling and directing the Maletti Group and over-caution with the other tank battalions of 1st Tank Group. The rush to motorise the 1st CC.NN. Division "23rd Marzo" and its lack of training as a motorised division, disorganised the relationship between drivers and infantry.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=55}}

The advance reached Sidi Barrani with modest losses but failed to do much damage to the British.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=55}} On 21 September, there were sixty-eight Fiat M.11/39 tanks left of the seventy-two sent to Libya. The 1st Medium Tank Battalion had nine serviceable and twenty-three unserviceable tanks and the 2nd Medium Tank Battalion had twenty-eight operational and eight non-operational tanks.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=78}} Italian medium tank strength was expected to increase when deliveries of the new [[Fiat M13/40]], which had a powerful [[Cannone da 47/32 M35]] {{nowrap|47 mm}} gun, began. The III Medium Tank Battalion, with thirty-seven M13/40 tanks, arrived in Libya on 12 October, followed by the V Medium Tank Battalion with thirty-seven M13/40 tanks on 12 December.{{sfnm|1a1=Forczyk|1y=2023|1p=293|2a1=Montanari|2y=1990|2p=271}} In mid-November the Italians had {{nowrap|417 medium}} and light tanks in Libya and Egypt.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=79}} Wavell wrote,

{{blockquote|The greatest possible credit is due to Brigadier [[William Gott]], MC, commanding the Support Group, and to Lieutenant-Colonel [[John Charles Campbell|John Campbell]], MC, commanding the Artillery, for the cool and efficient way in which this withdrawal was carried out, also to the troops for their endurance and tactical skill.{{sfn|Gazette|37609}}}}

Repair works began on the coast road, renamed {{lang|it|[[Via della Vittoria]]}} from Bardia and construction of a water pipe was begun, though they were not expected to be ready before mid-December, after which the advance would be resumed as far as Matruh.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|p=211}}

Mussolini wrote on 26 October

{{blockquote|Forty days after the capture of Sidi Barrani I ask myself the question, to whom has this long halt been any use—to us or to the enemy? I do not hesitate to answer, it has been of much use, indeed, more to the enemy.... It is time to ask whether you feel you wish to continue to command.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=47}}}}

Two days later, on 28 October, the Italians invaded Greece, beginning the [[Greco-Italian War]]. Graziani was allowed to continue planning at a leisurely pace and an Italian advance to Matruh was scheduled for mid-December.{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=47}}

===Casualties===
In 1971, Kenneth Macksey wrote that the 10th Army suffered {{nowrap|530 casualties,}} {{nowrap|120 killed}} and {{nowrap|410 wounded}} against a British loss of "but forty men...and little equipment".{{sfn|Macksey|1971|p=41}} In 1993, Harold Raugh wrote of about {{nowrap|2,000 Italian}} casualties against less than fifty British.{{sfn|Raugh|1993|p=85}} In 1995, the writers of the informal German official history, ''[[Germany and the Second World War]]'', noted that equipment losses for both sides had not been accurately tabulated.{{sfn|Schreiber|2015a|p=276}} In 1997, Giorgio Bocca wrote that the WDF suffered casualties of forty men killed, ten tanks, eleven armoured cars and four lorries destroyed.{{sfn|Bocca|1997|p=16}} In his 1999 MA thesis, Howard Christie wrote that from 9 to 16 September, the 10th Army suffered casualties of {{nowrap|120 men}} killed and {{nowrap|410 wounded.}} Several tanks and lorries broke down and six aircraft were lost, two to accidents.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=55}}

===Subsequent operations===
On 17 September, the Mediterranean Fleet began to harass Italian communications and Benghazi harbour was mined. A destroyer and two merchant ships were sunk by torpedo and a destroyer hit a mine at Benghazi and sank. RAF Blenheims destroyed three aircraft on the ground at Benina. The road on the escarpment near Sollum was bombarded by a navy gunboat and targets near Sidi Barrani by two destroyers; fires and explosions were seen. Captured Italians spoke of damage, casualties and a loss of morale. An attempt to bombard Bardia by the cruiser {{HMS|Kent|54|6}} and two destroyers was thwarted by Italian torpedo bombers, which put ''Kent'' out of action with a hit on the stern. Bombardments continued during the lull, which led to camps and depots being moved inland. Small British columns on land were set up to work with armoured car patrols, moving close to the Italian camps, gleaning information and dominating their himterland.{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=211–212}}

====Operation Compass====
On 8 December the British began [[Operation Compass]], a five-day raid against the fortified Italian camps set up in a defensive line outside Sidi Barrani. Berti was on sick leave and Gariboldi had temporarily taken his place. The raid succeeded and the few units of the 10th Army in Egypt that were not destroyed were forced to withdraw. By 11 December, the British began a counter-offensive and the rest of the 10th Army was swiftly defeated. The British pursued the remnants of the 10th Army to Sollum, Bardia, Tobruk, Derna, Mechili, Beda Fomm and El Agheila on the [[Gulf of Sirte]]. The British lost {{nowrap|1,900 men}} killed and wounded, about ten per cent of their infantry, in capturing {{nowrap|133,298 Italian}} and Libyan prisoners, {{nowrap|420 [[tank]]s}} and over {{nowrap|845 guns}} and [[aircraft]]. The British were unable to continue beyond El Agheila, due to broken-down and worn out vehicles and the diversion of the best-equipped units to the [[Greek Campaign]].{{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=211, 257–294, 351–366}}

== Orders of Battle 10 June 1940 ==
=== 5th Army ===
Air Marshal Italo Balbo, Supreme Commander Italian Forces in North Africa. Details taken from Christie (1999) unless specified.{{sfn|Christie|1999|pp=65, 68–79, 82, 104}}
* '''5th Army''' (Western Sector [[Tripolitania]], General Italo Gariboldi){{sfn|Greene|Massignani|Blennemann|1990|p=17}}
** [[X Army Corps (Italy)|X Corps]] ({{lang|it|Generale di Corpo d'armata}} [Lieutenant-General] [[Alberto Barbieri (general)|Alberto Barbieri]] from 10 June)
*** [[25th Infantry Division "Bologna"]]
*** [[55th Infantry Division "Savona"]]
*** [[60th Infantry Division "Sabratha"]]
** [[XX Army Corps (Italy)|XX Corps]] ({{lang|it|Generale di Corpo d'armata}} [[Ferdinando Cona]])
*** [[17th Infantry Division "Pavia"]]
*** [[27th Infantry Division "Brescia"]]
*** [[61st Infantry Division "Sirte"]]
** XXIII Corps ({{lang|it|Generale di Corpo d'armata}} Annibale Bergonzoli)
*** [[1st CC.NN. Division "23 Marzo"]]
*** [[2nd CC.NN. Division "28 Ottobre"]]
** [[2nd Libyan Division (Italy)|2nd Libyan Division]] (5th Army reserve)

=== 10th Army ===
* '''10th Army''' (Eastern Sector, [[Cyrenaica]], General Mario Berti [on leave in Italy, Gariboldi deputising])
** [[XXI Army Corps (Italy)|XXI Corps]] ({{lang|it|Generale di Corpo d'armata}} [[Lorenzo Dalmazzo]])
*** [[62nd Infantry Division "Marmarica"]]
*** [[63rd Infantry Division "Cirene"]]
** [[XXII Army Corps (Italy)|XXII Corps]] ({{lang|it|Generale di Corpo d'armata}} [[Enrico Pitassi Mannella|Enrico Mannella]])
*** [[64th Infantry Division "Catanzaro"]]
*** [[4th CC.NN. Division "3 Gennaio"]]
** [[1st Libyan Division (Italy)|1st Libyan Division]] (10th Army reserve)

==== {{lang|it|Squadra}} 5 (June 1940) ====
On 10 June 1940 there were 363 Italian aircraft in North Africa of which 306 were operational, 179 were unserviceable and 57 were trainers.{{sfn|Dunning|1998|p=11}}{{efn|{{lang|it|Squadra}} 5 was the air force command responsible for Libya, with its HQ in Tripoli in western Libya, having superseded {{lang|it|Aeronautica della Libia}} on 15 July 1940. {{lang|it|Settore Ovest}} (west) was based at Tripoli and {{lang|it|Settore Est}} (east) at Tobruk to simplify the administration of the {{lang|it|Squadra}} over such great distances.{{sfn|Dunning|1998|p=11}}}}
* Bomber
** 10th {{lang|it|{{lang|it|Stormo}}}} (Wing): 30 [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.79]]
** 14th {{lang|it|{{lang|it|Stormo}}}}: 12 SM.79, 1 [[Fiat BR.20]]
** 15th {{lang|it|Stormo}}: 35 SM.79, 8 [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.81]], 3 BR.20
** 33rd {{lang|it|Stormo}}: 31 SM.79
* Fighter
** 2nd {{lang|it|Stormo}}: 36 [[Fiat CR.32]], 25 [[Fiat CR.42]]
** 50th {{lang|it|Stormo}}: 11 [[Breda Ba.65]] (ground attack), 3 [[IMAM Ro.41]] (reconnaissance), 23 [[Caproni Ca.310]] (light bomber/reconnaissance)
** X ''Gruppo'': 27 Fiat CR.42
* Reconnaissance
** LXIV Group: 8 [[IMAM Ro.37]]bis, 5 [[Fokker C.V|RO.1bis]]
** LXXIII Group: 6 RO.37bis, 1 RO.1bis
** 143rd Squadriglie: [[CANT Z.501]]/6 (maritime reconnaissance)
* Colonial
** I {{lang|it|Gruppo Aviazione Presidio Coloniale}}: 18 [[Caproni Ca.309]], CA.310, RO.37 (light bomber/reconnaissance)
** II {{lang|it|Gruppo Aviazione Presidio Coloniale}}: 21 CA.309, CA.310 and RO.37 (light bomber/reconnaissance)

===Western Desert Force===
* Commander-in-Chief Middle East, General Sir Archibald Wavell
** Commander WDF: Lieutenant-General R. N. O'Connor
* 7th Armoured Division (Major-General Michael Creagh)
** 4th Armoured Brigade, Mersa Matruh
*** 1st Royal Tank Regiment
*** 6th Royal Tank Regiment
** 7th Armoured Brigade, Sidi Suleiman
*** 7th Hussars
*** 8th Hussars
** 7th Support Group (Motorised Infantry Brigade) Sidi Barrani
*** 1st K.R.R.C. Battalion
*** 2nd Motor Battalion (The Rifle Brigade)
*** 3rd Battalion Coldstream Guards
*** 1st Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
*** 3rd Royal Horse Artillery
*** F Battery, 4th Royal Horse Artillery
*** 11th Hussars (attached to 7th Support Group from 7th Armoured Brigade)

====Sidi Barrani====
Operations on the Libyan–Egyptian Border
* Cairo Infantry Brigade – Garrison for Mersa Matruh

====Other Commonwealth Forces in Egypt====
* 4th Indian Division (less one infantry brigade) Nile Delta
** 5th Indian Infantry Brigade
** 11th Indian Infantry Brigade
** Divisional Troops
* 6th Australian Division (forming, Nile delta)
* 2nd New Zealand Division (forming, Nile delta)

==Orders of battle, September 1940==

===10th Army===
* '''10th Army''' Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, Supreme Commander of the Italian Forces in North Africa
** '''XXI Corps''' (10th Army Reserve, Tobruk)
*** 61st Infantry Division "Sirte"
*** 2nd CC.NN. Division "28 Ottobre"
*** [[60th Tank Battalion "M.O. Locatelli"|LX Tank Battalion "L"]] (L3/35 tankettes, from the 60th Infantry Division "Sabratha")
** '''XXII Corps''', {{lang|it|Generale di Divisione}} (Major-General) Enrico Mannella
*** 64th Infantry Division "Catanzaro"
*** 4th CC.NN. Division "3 Gennaio"
** '''XXIII Corps''', {{lang|it|Generale di Corpo d'Armata}} (Lieutenant-General) Annibale Bergonzoli
*** 62nd Infantry Division "Marmarica" (part-motorised for the invasion)
*** 63rd Infantry Division "Cirene" (part-motorised for the invasion)
** '''Libyan Divisions Group''', {{lang|it|Generale di Divisione}} Giuseppe Gallina
*** 1st Libyan Division (non-motorised)
*** 2nd Libyan Division (non-motorised)
** 1st CC.NN. Division "23 Marzo" (Reserve, motorised for the invasion of Egypt)
* '''Libyan Tank Command''' {{lang|it|Comando Carri Armati della Libia}}, {{lang|it|Generale di Divisione}} (Major-General) Valentino Babini
** '''1st Tank Group'''
*** I Tank Battalion "M" / [[4th Tank Infantry Regiment]] ([[M11/39 tank]]s, reserve to XXIII Corps)
*** XXI Tank Battalion "L" ([[L3/35]] tankettes, from XXI Corps)
*** [[62nd Armored Battalion "M.O. Jero"|LXII Tank Battalion "L"]] (L3/35 tankettes, from the 62nd Infantry Division "Marmarica")
*** [[63rd Tank Battalion "M.O. Fioritto"|LXIII Tank Battalion "L"]] (L3/35 tankettes, from the 63rd Infantry Division "Cirene")
** '''2nd Tank Group'''
*** II Tank Battalion "M" / 4th Tank Infantry Regiment (M11/39 tanks)
*** IX Tank Battalion "L" (L3/35 tankettes, from the 2nd Libyan Division)
*** [[20th Tank Battalion "M.O. Pentimalli"|XX Tank Battalion "L"]] (L3/33 and L3/35 tankettes, from XX Corps)
*** LXI Tank Battalion "L" (L3/33 and L3/35 tankettes, from the 61st Infantry Division "Sirte")
** '''Maletti Group''' (attached XXIII Corps)
*** Mixed Tank Battalion (1 × Company from the II Tank Battalion "M" and 1 × Company from the LX Tank Battalion "L")
*** I Libyan Infantry Battalion
*** V Libyan Infantry Battalion
*** XIX Libyan Infantry Battalion

===={{lang|it|Squadra}} 5====
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|+{{lang|it|Squadra}} 5, 1 September 1940{{sfn|Dunning|1998|pp=26, 188}}
|-
! scope="col" width="200px"|{{lang|it|Gruppo}}
! {{lang|it|Squadriglie}}
! Type
! No.
! |Role
!| Base
|-
| 1 {{lang|it|Aviazione Presidio Coloniale}} || 12, 89, 104 || Ca 309 ||align="center"|21 || Reconnaissance, supply || Mellaha
|-
| 7 || 6. 86, 98 || Ba 88 ||align="center"|32 || Ground attack || Derna
|-
| 8 || 92, 93, 94 || CR 42 ||align="center"|11 || Day fighter, escort || Derna
|-
| 10 || 84, 90, 91 || CR 42 ||align="center"|22 || Day fighter, escort || Bir el Gobi
|-
| 12 || 159, 160 || Ba 65, CR 32 ||align="center"|7, 10 || Ground attack || Tobruk T2
|-
| 13 || 77, 78, 82 || CR 42 ||align="center"|28 || Day fighter || Berka
|-
| 16 || 167, 168 || CR 32, Ba 65 ||align="center"|10, 5 || Ground attack || Tobruk T2
|-
| 32 || 57, 58 || SM 79 ||align="center"|5 || Reconnaissance/anti-shipping || Derna
|-
| 33 || 59, 60 || SM 79 || — || Anti-shipping || Benina
|-
| 35 || 43, 44 || SM 79 || — || Day bombing || Bir el Bhera
|-
| 36 || 45, 46 || SM 79 || — || Day bombing || Bir el Bhera
|-
| 44 || 6, 7 || SM 79 ||align="center"|11 || Day bombing || El Adem
|-
| 46 || 20, 21 || SM 79 || — || Day bombing || Benina
|-
| 47 || 53, 54 || SM 81, SM 79 || — || Day bombing || Benina
|-
| 54 || 218, 219 || SM 81 ||align="center"|13 || Night bombing || Ain el Gazala
|-
| 63 || 41, 113 || Ro 37 ||align="center"|16 || Armed reconnaissance || (Cirenaica)
|-
| 64 || 136 || Ro 37 || — || Armed reconnaissance || Gambut
|-
| 145 || 604, 610 || SM 74, SM 75 ||align="center"|3, 4 || Transport || Benghazi
|-
| 147 || 601, 602, 603 || SM 75 ||align="center"|13 || Transport || Benghazi, Tobruk
|-
| 148 || 605, 606 || SM 73 ||align="center"|7 || Transport || Benghazi
|-
| 151 || 366, 367, 368 || CR 42 ||align="center"|30 || Day fighter || Derna, Ain el Gazala
|-
| {{lang|it|Battaglione Aviazione Sahariana}}{{efn|BAS squadrons guarded the oases in southern Libya.{{sfn|Dunning|1998|pp=129–130}}}} || 99, 26 || Ca 309 ||align="center"|6, 6 || Armed reconnaissance || Hon, Kufra
|-
| 67 || 115 || Ro 37 ||align="center"|10 || Armed reconnaissance || (Libya)
|-
| 73 || 136, 137 || Ro 37, Ca 310 ||align="center"|7, 6 || Armed reconnaissance || Menastir
|-
| {{lang|it|Autonomo}}{{efn|Under {{lang|it|Squadra}} 5 command.{{sfn|Dunning|1998|p=13}}}} || 145 || Z 501 ||align="center"|6 || Armed reconnaissance–maritime || Benghazi
|-
| {{lang|it|Autonomo}} || 175 || SM 79 ||align="center"|5 || Armed reconnaissance || Gambut, T5
|}

===Western Desert Force===
Commander-in-Chief, Middle East: General Sir Archibald Wavell
Commander WDF: Lieutenant-General R. N. O'Connor
* Corps Troops
** 7th Battalion, Royal Tank Regiment (Matildas)
** 1st Royal Horse Artillery
** 104th Royal Horse Artillery
** 51st Field Regiment R.A.
** 7th Medium Regiments R.A.
** 64th Medium Regiments R.A.
* 7th Armoured Division
** 4th Armoured Brigade
** 7th Armoured Brigade
** Support Group (Infantry Brigade)
** Divisional Troops
* 4th Indian Division
** 5th Indian Infantry Brigade
** 11th Indian Infantry Brigade
** Divisional Troops
** 16th Infantry Brigade (att. 4th Indian Division until 11 December 1940)
* 6th Australian Division (from mid-December){{sfn|Playfair|1959|pp=265, 271}}
** 16th Australian Infantry Brigade
** 17th Australian Infantry Brigade
** 16th Infantry Brigade (det. 4th Indian Division 11 December)
** Divisional troops
** 7th RTR (det. 7th Armoured Division)
* Selby Force (a Brigade Group for the defence of Mersa Matruh){{efn|The WDF consisted of about {{nowrap|31,000 soldiers,}} {{nowrap|120 guns,}} {{nowrap|275 tanks}} and sixty armoured cars. The Italian 10th Army inside Egypt consisted of {{nowrap|80,000 troops,}} {{nowrap|250 guns}} and {{nowrap|125 tanks.}} The 4th Indian Division was exchanged with the 6th Australian Division for the pursuit after the first part of Operation Compass.{{sfn|Christie|1999|p=86}}}}

==See also==
* [[List of Italian military equipment in World War II]]
* [[List of British military equipment of World War II]]
* [[List of World War II battles]]
* [[North African campaign timeline]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==References==
{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFGazette37609}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bocca |first=Giorgio |series=Oscar Storia No. 128 |title=Storia d'Italia nella guerra fascista 1940–1943 |trans-title=History of Italy in the Fascist War |publisher=Laterza |location=Bari |edition=Mondadori, Roma |year=1997 |orig-year=1969 |isbn=978-88-04-42699-8}}
* {{cite thesis |first=H. R. |last=Christie |title=Fallen Eagles: The Italian 10th Army in the Opening Campaign in the Western Desert, June 1940 – December 1940 |type=MA |year=1999 |publisher=U. S. Army Command and General Staff College |location=Fort Leavenworth, KS |id=DTIC ADA367611 |url=https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA367611 |access-date=8 March 2015 |oclc=465212715 }}
* {{cite book |last=Dunning |first=C. |title=Courage Alone: The Italian Air Force 1940–1943 |year=1998 |publisher=Hikoki |location=Aldershot |isbn=1-902109-02-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Forczyk |first=Robert |title=Desert Armour: Tank Warfare in North Africa: Beda Fomm to Operation Crusader, 1940–41 |year=2023 |publisher=Osprey |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-47-285188-8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Greene |first1=J. |last2=Massignani |first2=A. |last3=Blennemann |first3=U. |title=Mare Nostrum: The War in the Mediterranean, being a Study on Aspects of the Italian Army, Navy and Air Forces, with Comments on the German and Allied War Contribution in the Mediterranean & North Africa Fighting in World War II |year=1990 |publisher=Jack Greene |location=Watsonville, CA |edition=2nd online |oclc=26647786}}
* {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=A. |authorlink=Ashley Jackson (historian) |title=The British Empire and the second World War |year=2006 |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |location=London and New York |isbn=978-1-85285-417-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Jowett |first=Philip S. |title=The Italian Army 1940–45: Europe 1940–1943 |volume=I |publisher=Osprey |location=Oxford/New York |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-85532-864-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Lewin |first=Ronald |author-link=Ronald Lewin |year=1998 |orig-year=1968 |title=Rommel As Military Commander |publisher=B&N Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7607-0861-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/rommelasmilitary0000lewi |url-access=registration |via=Archive Foundation}}
* {{cite book |last=Luck |first=Hans von |author-link=Hans von Luck |title=Panzer Commander: The Memoirs of Colonel Hans von Luck |year=1989 |location=New York |publisher=Dell (Random House) |isbn=978-0-440-20802-0}}
* {{cite book |first=Kenneth |last=Macksey |author-link=Kenneth Macksey |series=Ballantine's Illustrated History of the Violent Century |id=Battle Book Number 22 |title=Beda Fomm: The Classic Victory |publisher=Ballantine Books |location=New York |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-345-02434-3}}
* {{cite book |title=Cry Havoc: The Arms Race and the Second World War 1931–1941 |last=Maiolo |first=Joe |year=2010 |publisher=John Murray |location=London |isbn=978-0-7195-6519-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/cryhavocarmsrace0000maio |url-access=registration |via=Archive Foundation}}
* {{cite book |first=Richard |last=Mead |title=Churchill's Lions: A Biographical Guide to the Key British Generals of World War II |year=2007 |publisher=Spellmount |location=Stroud |isbn=978-1-86227-431-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Mollo |first=Andrew |title=The Armed Forces of World War II |publisher=[[HMSO]] |year=1981 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-517-54478-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/armedforcesofwor0000moll |url-access=registration |via=Archive Foundation}}
* {{cite book |last=Montanari |first=Mario |title=Le Operazioni in Africa Settentrionale: Sidi el Barrani (Giugno 1940 – Febbraio 1941) |trans-title=Operations in North Africa: Sidi el Barrani (June 1940 – February 1941) |volume=I |edition=2nd |year=1990 |publisher=Ufficio Storico SME |location=Roma |oclc=885609741}}
* {{London Gazette |issue=37609 |date=13 June 1946 |supp=y |pages=2997–300 |title=Operations in the Middle East from August, 1939 to November, 1940}}
* {{cite book |last=Pitt |first=B. |title=The Crucible of War: Wavell's Command |volume=I |year=1980 |edition=2001 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=978-0-304-35950-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/crucibleofwar00pitt |url-access=registration |via=Archive Foundation}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Playfair|1959}}|first1= I. S. O. |last1=Playfair |author1-link=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |first2=G. M. S. |last2=Stitt |first3=C. J. C. |last3=Molony |first4=S. E. |last4=Toomer |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |volume=I |publisher=HMSO |year=1959 |orig-year=1954 |others=3rd impression |oclc=888934805 |display-authors=1}}
* {{cite book |last=Raugh |first=H. E. |title=Wavell in the Middle East, 1939–1941: A Study in Generalship |year=1993 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-08-040983-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Schreiber |first1=G. |last2=Stegemann |first2=B. |last3=Vogel |first3=D. |series=[[Germany and the Second World War]] |title=The Mediterranean, South-East Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941: From Italy's Declaration of non-Belligerence to the Entry of the United States into the War |volume=III |translator-last1=McMurry |translator-first1=D. S. |translator-last2=Osers |translator-first2=E. |translator-last3=Willmot |translator-first3=L. |editor-last=Falla |editor-first=P. S. |year=2015 |orig-year=1995 |publisher=Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt |location=Freiburg im Breisgau |edition=2nd pbk. trans. Oxford University Press, Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-873832-9 |display-authors=1}}
** {{harvc |last=Schreiber |first=G. |c= Part I: Political and Military Developments in the Mediterranean Area, 1939–1940. Chapter 1: "Mussolini's Non-belligerence": 4. The Italian Fighting Forces (a) Equipment and Organisation |year=2015 |in1=Schreiber |in2=Stegemann|in3=Vogel}}
* {{cite book |last1=Schreiber |first1=G. |last2=Stegemann |first2=B. |last3=Vogel |first3=D. |series=[[Germany and the Second World War]] |title=The Mediterranean, South-East Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941: From Italy's Declaration of non-Belligerence to the Entry of the United States into the War |volume=III |translator-last1=McMurry |translator-first1=D. S. |translator-last2=Osers |translator-first2=E. |translator-last3=Willmot |translator-first3=L. |editor-last=Falla |editor-first=P. S. |year=2015a |orig-year=1995 |publisher=Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt |location=Freiburg im Breisgau |edition=2nd pbk. trans. Oxford University Press, Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-873832-9 |display-authors=1}}
** {{harvc |last=Schreiber |first=G. |c= Part I: Political and Military Developments in the Mediterranean Area, 1939–1940. Chapter 3: The Strategic Dilemma of the summer and autumn of 1940: An Alternative or Interim Strategy (c) The Offensive against Sidi Barrani |year=2015a |in1=Schreiber |in2=Stegemann|in3=Vogel}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |first=E. |last=Bauer |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Young |title=The History of World War II |location=New York |publisher=Galahad Books |orig-year=1979 |edition=Orbis: London, rev. |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-85605-552-9}}
* {{cite book |first=Jeremy |last=Black |author-link=Jeremy Black (historian) |series=Warfare and History |title=World War Two: A Military History |publisher=Routledge |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-415-30535-8}}
* {{cite book |first=Winston |last=Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |series=The Second World War |title=Their Finest Hour |volume=II |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |year=1986 |orig-year=1949 |isbn=978-0-395-41056-1}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Dando |first=N. |title=The Impact of Terrain on British Operations and Doctrine in North Africa 1940–1943 |type=PhD |url=https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk//handle/10026.1/3035 |year=2014 |publisher=Plymouth University |access-date=25 March 2015 |oclc=885436735 |archive-date=4 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004183311/https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk//handle/10026.1/3035 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |last=Rodd |first=F. |author-link=Francis Rodd, 2nd Baron Rennell |title=British Military Administration of Occupied Territories in Africa during the Years 1941–1947 |year=1970 |orig-year=1948 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |edition=2nd, Greenwood Press, CT |oclc=1056143039}}
* {{cite book |first=G. A. |last=Titterton |editor-first=David |editor-last=Brown |series=Naval Staff Histories |title=The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean: September 1939 – October 1940 |volume=I |publisher=Frank Cass |year=2002 |orig-year=1952 |isbn=978-0-7146-5179-8}}
* {{cite book |first=Ian W. |last=Walker |title=Iron Hulls, Iron Hearts: Mussolini's Elite Armoured Divisions in North Africa |year=2003 |publisher=Crowood |location=Marlborough |isbn=978-1-86126-646-0}}

==External links==
* [http://www.egyptstudycircle.org.uk/Articles/p280QC223.pdf The Italian Army in Egypt during World War II]
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,764342,00.html Bush Battles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504160229/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,764342,00.html |date=2008-05-04 }}, ''[[Time Magazine]]'' (12 August 1940)

{{World War II}}
{{portalbar|Egypt|Italy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Italian Invasion Of Egypt}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1940]]
[[Category:1940 in Egypt]]
[[Category:North African campaign]]
[[Category:Egypt in World War II]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom|I]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Italy|Egypt]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving France]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving India]]
[[Category:World War II invasions]]
[[Category:Invasions by Italy|Egypt]]
[[Category:Invasions of Egypt]]
[[Category:Egypt–Italy military relations]]
[[Category:Military history of Italy during World War II]]

1942: A Love Story

2026-03-11T18:35:38Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Improved wording and formatting

{{short description|1994 film by Vidhu Vinod Chopra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 1942: A Love Story
| image = 1942 A Love Story 1994 film poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]
| producer = Vidhu Vinod Chopra
| writer = '''Screenplay:'''<br />[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]<br />[[Shiv Kumar Subramaniam]]<br />Vidhu Vinod Chopra<br>'''Dialogues:'''<br>[[Kamna Chandra]]
| story = Kamna Chandra<br>Shiv Kumar Subramaniam<br>Vidhu Vinod Chopra
| starring = [[Anil Kapoor]]<br />[[Manisha Koirala]]
<br />[[Jackie Shroff]]<br />[[Danny Denzongpa]]<br />[[Chandni (Bollywood actress)|Chandni]]<br />[[Pran (actor)|Pran]]
| music = '''Songs:'''<br />[[R. D. Burman]]<br />'''Score:'''<br />[[Manohari Singh]]<br />Babloo Chakravorty
| cinematography = [[Binod Pradhan]]
| editing = [[Renu Saluja]]
| distributor = SLB Films<br />[[Vinod Chopra Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1994|07|15|df=y}}
| runtime = 157 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}4.75 crore<ref name="box"/>
| gross = {{INR}}11.48 crore<ref name="box">{{cite web|title=1942: A Love Story (1994)| url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3095| url-status=live |website=[[Box office India]]|access-date=9 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223104310/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3095|archive-date=23 December 2016}}</ref>
}}
'''''1942: A Love Story''''', also known as '''''1942 A Love Story''''', is a 1994 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama]] film, directed by [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]. It stars [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Manisha Koirala]] and [[Jackie Shroff]], with [[Danny Denzongpa]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] and [[Brian Glover]]. The film revolves around lovers Naren (Kapoor) and Rajjo (Koirala), who come from contrasting family backgrounds and depicts how their relationship is threatened owing to the outbreak of the Indian revolutionary movement.

The film's core plot was reported to be inspired by the 1992 [[Kannada (language)|Kannada]]-language film ''[[Mysore Mallige (film)|Mysore Mallige]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://prekshaa.in/contributions-of-kannada-cinema-to-historical-dramas/#.WzkGorc5ZPy |title=Contributions of Kannada Cinema to Historical Dramas |website=prekshaa.in |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701165115/http://prekshaa.in/contributions-of-kannada-cinema-to-historical-dramas/#.WzkGorc5ZPy |archive-date=1 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> which itself was based on the 1942 [[Mysooru Mallige|work of same title]] by [[K. S. Narasimhaswamy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/vk-special/k-s-narasimhaswamy-a-prominent-indian-poet-in-the-kannada-language/articleshow/50700135.cms|title=ಕನ್ನಡದ ಅನನ್ಯ 'ಪ್ರೇಮಕವಿ'|trans-title=Kannada's unique 'love poet'|language=kn|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009091402/https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/vk-special/k-s-narasimhaswamy-a-prominent-indian-poet-in-the-kannada-language/articleshow/50700135.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[screenplay]] was jointly written by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Kamna Chandra]] and Chopra. [[Binod Pradhan]] acted as the cinematographer while [[Renu Saluja]] edited the film. This was the last film work of R. D. Burman, who died before the release of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/feature/reel-take/1942-a-love-story-the-swansong-that-brought-r-d-burman-back-to-stay/344818/|title=1942: A Love Story — the swansong that brought R.D. Burman back to stay|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=5 January 2020}}</ref> Upon release, the film did not perform well commercially.<ref name="box"/> It was praised for the performances, soundtrack, cinematography, and theme, but criticized for its story, screenplay, and pacing. Over the years, the film developed a cult following and is now remembered more fondly than its box office numbers suggest.<ref>{{cite web | title=Watch: Anil Kapoor gets nostalgic as'1942: A Love Story' clocks 27 years of release today | work=The Times of India | date=15 April 2021 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/watch-anil-kapoor-gets-nostalgic-as1942-a-love-story-clocks-27-years-of-release-today/articleshow/82084180.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com }}</ref>{{AI-retrieved source|date=March 2026|checked=no}}

== Plot ==
The film is set in 1942, when the [[British Raj]] was declining in power. It was a time when many Indian citizens were either working for the British regime or rallying in underground meetings and protests against them. In this atmosphere, Narendra Singh ([[Anil Kapoor]]) falls in love with Rajeshwari Pathak ([[Manisha Koirala]]). Their romance is shown to develop in spite of the political and social unrest at the time.

Narendra's father, Diwan Hari Pratap Singh ([[Manohar Singh]]), is a loyal British employee working for the brutal British General Douglas ([[Brian Glover]]), who is infamous for tracking down and executing citizens who are believed to be revolutionaries. Rajeshwari's father, Raghuveer Pathak ([[Anupam Kher]]), is a revolutionary fighting against British rule, as he holds a grudge against Douglas for murdering his son. When Narendra asks Raghuveer for Rajeshwari's hand in marriage, Raghuveer becomes livid. However, Narendra declares that he is willing to sacrifice everything for Rajeshwari and convinces Raghuveer of his love for her. Raghuveer relents but tells Narendra to talk to his father first. When Narendra does so, Hari is angry that his son has chosen the daughter of a revolutionary, but he pretends that he will do anything for Narendra's happiness.

However, Hari tricks Narendra into revealing Raghuveer's secret location and leaks the information to Major Bisht ([[Danny Dengzongpa]]) and the British authorities. Soon, police barge into Raghuveer's hideaway and try to kill him, only to find him waiting to light a bomb, killing both himself and the men. Rajeshwari, who was out at that time, realizes what has happened and runs away. She is taken into refuge by Shubhankar ([[Jackie Shroff]]), a compatriot of Raghuveer who has learned of his death. Under Shubhankar's tutelage, Rajeshwari follows her father's revolutionary path. Meanwhile, Narendra gets furious at his father for using him to kill Raghuveer and drive Rajeshwari away. Promising to make up to Rajeshwari and help her cause, Narendra pledges to become a revolutionary by severing all ties with his father; even Bisht's daughter Chanda ([[Chandni (Bollywood actress)|Chandni]]) does the same after witnessing Bisht murdering her teacher Abid Ali Baig ([[Pran (actor)|Pran]]), who is a revolutionary allied with Shubhankar, much to Bisht's remorse.

To prove his point, Narendra attempts to murder Douglas in front of the city but is caught in the act after shooting down a few soldiers. Narendra is then convicted and sentenced to hang for attempted murder. Douglas then orders his troops to fire at the town square, resulting in the deaths of several citizens, including Chanda. However, Shubhankar saves Narendra from being hanged, and Bisht develops a change of heart after witnessing Chanda's death, helping Shubhankar and Narendra finish off Hari and the remaining loyalists and stabbing Douglas with a flagpole. With the loyalists dead, Narendra reconciles with Rajeshwari while Shubhankar hangs Douglas to death, avenging all those who perished under Douglas' wrath. The film ends with Narendra, Rajeshwari, Shubhankar, Bisht, and the surviving citizens hoisting and saluting the Indian flag.

== Cast ==
* [[Anil Kapoor]] as Narendra Singh "Naren", Rajjo’s love interest
*[[Jackie Shroff]] as Shubhankar, Pathak’s accomplice, secretly had a crush on Rajjo
*[[Manisha Koirala]] as Rajeshwari Pathak "Rajjo"
* [[Danny Denzongpa]] as Major Bisht, Chanda’s Father
* [[Chandni (Bollywood actress)|Chandni]] as Chanda Bisht, Naren’s drama partner who secretly liked Naren
* [[Anupam Kher]] as Raghuveer Pathak, Rajjo’s father
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] as Abid Ali Baig, Chanda’s, Rajjo’s and Naren’s drama teacher, Pathak’s accomplice in plotting General’s murder
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Ashutosh Pathak, Rajjo’s brother
* [[Raghuveer Yadav]] as Munna, Naren’s Driver and Rajjo’s neighbour
* [[Sushma Seth]] as Gayatri Singh, Naren’s Mother
* [[Manohar Singh]] as Diwan Hari Pratap Singh, Naren’s Father
* [[Brian Glover]] as General Douglas

==Production==

===Development===
{{quote box
| quote=Vinod told me that he only makes dark films. I said I have a love story and asked him to listen to it. I read him two or three ideas and he liked one and asked me to develop it. After a year's hardship and constant quarrels and bickering, I finished the script and dialogues. Then one day Vinod called and said, 'I don't want a love story set in today's time. What if we take this story and set it in another era?'
| source=—Chandra, about writing the script for ''1942: A Love Story''<ref name=":0" />
| align=right
| width=25%
}}
[[Kamna Chandra]], one of the scriptwriters of the film, had gone to the United States to meet her daughters Tanuja and [[Anupama Chopra|Anupama]] (whom Vidhu Vinod Chopra would later marry) as they were studying there. Having watched Chopra's film ''[[Parinda]]'' on video and being impressed with it, both of them asked their mother to write a story and approach him to direct it. Chandra had previously written ''[[Prem Rog]]'' and ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]''; both were love stories. She knew Chopra made "dark films", but decided to meet him.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=4 April 2012 |title=Movies: How 1942 A Love Story was made |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-part-of-the-cost-of-the-set-was-borne-by-jackie-shroff/20120404.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427112237/https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-part-of-the-cost-of-the-set-was-borne-by-jackie-shroff/20120404.htm |archive-date=27 April 2021 |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

After returning, Chandra met Chopra at Natraj Studios. She made him listen to two or three of her ideas, among which he liked one and asked her to develop it. Chandra finished the script and dialogues by a year, until a day when Chopra himself called her and suggested that they should make a love story set in another era instead of the present time. This provoked Chandra, who could not sleep that night. However, she became excited in the next few days. Having grown up amidst the [[Indian independence movement|Indian freedom struggle]], she decided to place the story at that time. This formed the core plot for ''1942: A Love Story''.<ref name=":0" />

===Casting===
[[Aamir Khan]] had initially been offered the role of Narendra, but he declined.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=शुक्ल |first=पंकज |date=15 April 2021 |title=Bioscope S2: शाहरुख के लिए सोचा गया था '1942 ए लव स्टोरी' में ये वाला रोल, ऐसे हुई मनीषा की एंट्री |trans-title=Bioscope S2: This role in '1942 A Love Story' was thought for Shah Rukh; Manisha's entry happened in this way |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/bioscope-by-pankaj-shukla-1942-a-love-story-jackie-shroff-anil-kapoor-manisha-vidhu-chopra-rd-burman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416044909/https://www.amarujala.com/amp/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/bioscope-by-pankaj-shukla-1942-a-love-story-jackie-shroff-anil-kapoor-manisha-vidhu-chopra-rd-burman |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref> [[Anil Kapoor]] was then approached, who was hesitant to do the film and suggested [[Bobby Deol]] and Aamir Khan for the role. However, he was later convinced. To prepare himself for the role, Kapoor worked hard — he lost weight, cut short his hair, trimmed his moustache and worked on his costumes to create the character.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=4 November 2019 |title=Anil Kapoor reveals why he initially refused '1942: A Love Story' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/anil-kapoor-reveals-why-he-initially-refused-1942-a-love-story-561279 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105204425/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/anil-kapoor-reveals-why-he-initially-refused-1942-a-love-story-561279 |archive-date=5 November 2019 |access-date=7 June 2022 |website=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Shah Rukh Khan]] was under consideration for the role later portrayed by [[Raghuvir Yadav]]. He did not feature as he had already been playing lead roles.<ref name=":1" /> [[Jackie Shroff]], being cast as Shubankar, gave financial assistance to the film. For instance, some (extra) houses built at the film's set (which were first disapproved of by Vidhu Vinod Chopra due to the limited budget) were paid for by Shroff. Moreover, he also paid composer [[R. D. Burman]] on behalf of Chopra when he made them listen to the music of the film for the very first time.<ref name=":0" />

Chopra had crafted the role of Rajeshwari Pathak in accordance to [[Madhuri Dixit]], with lyricist [[Javed Akhtar]] also keeping her in mind while penning the lyrics for "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To".<ref name=":1" /> By the time the film was launched, Dixit had packed schedules, which subsequently prevented her inclusion in the film. [[Manisha Koirala]], who had auditioned for the role of Rajjo's sister (the role being later excluded), was then asked by Chopra to give a screen test.<ref name=":1" /> But, after seeing Koirala enacting a scene, Chopra deemed her a "terrible actress". Koirala, however, asked him for a second chance. She went back home, practised her lines and came back prepared the next day. She pleased Chopra with her performance and was thereafter signed.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=3 January 2019 |title=When Manisha Koirala Almost Got Rejected for '1942: A Love Story' |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/when-manisha-koirala-almost-got-rejected-for-1942-a-love-story-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203122928/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/entertainment/when-manisha-koirala-almost-got-rejected-for-1942-a-love-story-2 |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=[[The Quint]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Ashwini Bhave]] was also one of those who had auditioned for the role. She was rejected on the spot.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2020 |title=Revisiting 1942: A Love Story – 42 interesting facts about the epic romance |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/dec/06/revisiting1942-a-love-story---42-interesting-facts-about-the-epic-romance-1206.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609064750/https://m.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/dec/06/revisiting1942-a-love-story---42-interesting-facts-about-the-epic-romance-1206.amp |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

[[Nana Patekar]], who had previously worked with Chopra in ''[[Parinda]]'' (1989), was selected to portray Raghuvir Pathak. But he insisted on being cast as Shubankar, which caused a rift between him and Chopra. [[Anupam Kher]] was later signed for the role. [[Mithun Chakraborty]] had also been briefly considered for the role of Shubankar, when Shroff developed date issues. The distributors, however, somehow made Chopra retain Shroff in the film. Since the production started in the early 90s, it was speculated that [[Sanjay Kapoor]] was to replace his brother Anil as the latter's film ''[[Lamhe (1991 film)|Lamhe]]'' (1991) had not been successful. Nevertheless, it did not materialize.<ref name=":2" />

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] for the film, being handled by [[Binod Pradhan]], took place mainly at various locations in [[Himachal Pradesh]], including the district [[Chamba district|Chamba]], [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]], [[Khajjiar]] and the [[Kalatop Khajjiar Sanctuary|Kalatop Sanctuary]] to depict pre-independence India.<ref name=":2" /> An artificial set resembling Dalhousie was created in the [[Film City, Mumbai|Mumbai Filmcity]], since it was an expensive proposition to take the entire cast and crew there. It was erected by art director [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai|Nitin Desai]] at a cost of {{INR|80 lakhs}}. According to Desai, many people told Chopra not to hire him, as he was a newcomer; yet Chopra had full faith in him''.<ref name=":0" />''

== Music ==
The music composer of the film was [[Rahul Dev Burman|R. D. Burman]] who died before the release of the film, with lyrics by [[Javed Akhtar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/1942-a-love-story-rd-burmans-posthumous-album-made-romance-blossom-against-rebellion-6448031.html|title=1942: A Love Story — RD Burman's posthumous album made romance blossom against rebellion|work=Firstpost |date=15 April 2019}}</ref> The background score was by Manohari Singh and Babloo Chakraborty. R. D. won his last [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] and Javed Akthar bagged his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist]] for "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha". [[Kumar Sanu]] won his 5th consecutive and the last [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer]] for "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha" and [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]] won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] for "Pyar Hua Chupke Se", the first of her hat-trick feat. The soundtrack was #13 on the list of "100 Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks of All Time", as compiled by ''Planet Bollywood.'' The music in the introduction of the film is from [[Gustav Holst]]'s ''[[The Planets]] - Mars the bringer of war''. RD Burman passed away before the completion of the music of the film as a result the female version of the song Kuch na Kaho was re-recorded in the voice of [[Lata Mangeshkar]] as tribute to the late composer whereas Kavita Krishnamurthy had already provided her vocals for a copy of the song. According to [[Box Office India]], with around 35,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack was the year's third highest-selling album, behind ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' and ''[[Mohra]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-02 |title=BoxOffice India.com |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |access-date=2024-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010439/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |archive-date=2 January 2010 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#cccccf; text-align:center;"
|#
| Song || Singer
|-
|1.
| "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha"
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
|2.
| "Pyar Hua Chupke Se"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
|3.
| "Rooth Na Jana"
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
|4.
| "[[Kuchh Na Kaho]]" (Happy)
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
|5.
| "Rim Jhim Rim Jhim"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
|6.
| "Yeh Safar"
| [[Shibaji Chatterjee]]
|-
|7.
| "Kuch Na Kaho" (Sad)
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|}

==Release==
''1942: A Love Story'' was released on 15 April 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy Chowdhury |first=Rishita |date=15 April 2021 |title=Anil Kapoor celebrates 27 years of 1942: A Love Story |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/anil-kapoor-celebrates-27-years-of-1942-a-love-story-1791306-2021-04-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416181557/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/anil-kapoor-celebrates-27-years-of-1942-a-love-story-1791306-2021-04-15 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> It opened to positive reviews from critics, with praise drawn towards the cast performances, [[cinematography]], and the [[soundtrack]] by [[R. D. Burman]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandra |first=Anupama |date=15 June 1994 |title=Soundtrack of '1942: A Love Story' marks the revival of romance, poetry in Hindi film music |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19940615-soundtrack-of-1942-a-love-story-marks-the-revival-of-romance-poetry-in-hindi-film-music-809283-1994-06-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108084813/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19940615-soundtrack-of-1942-a-love-story-marks-the-revival-of-romance-poetry-in-hindi-film-music-809283-1994-06-14 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Amitabh Bachchan]] had attended the preview screening of the film and congratulated Chopra for his endeavour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agarwal |first=Amit |date=31 May 1993 |title=Commercial, but not cliched |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19930531-movie-preview-vidhu-vinod-chopra-1942-a-love-story-and-dilip-kumar-kalinga-811112-1993-05-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109114550/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19930531-movie-preview-vidhu-vinod-chopra-1942-a-love-story-and-dilip-kumar-kalinga-811112-1993-05-30 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="13"| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="13" | [[40th Filmfare Awards|25 February 1995]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="13"| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368622.cms |title=40th Filmfare Awards 1995 Nominations |work=[[Times Internet|Indian Times]] |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708210420/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368622.cms |archive-date=8 July 2007 |agency=[[The Times Group]]}}</ref><br /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368623.cms |title=40th Filmfare Awards 1995 Winners |work=[[Times Internet|Indian Times]] |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708210526/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368623.cms |archive-date=8 July 2007 |agency=[[The Times Group]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{sort|Kapoor|[[Anil Kapoor]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{sort|Koirala|[[Manisha Koirala]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{sort|Shroff|[[Jackie Shroff]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Burman|[[R. D. Burman]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| {{sort|Akhtar|[[Javed Akhtar]]}} for "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Sanu|[[Kumar Sanu]]}} for "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Krishnamurthy|[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]}} for "Pyaar Hua Chupke Se"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| {{sort|Pradhan|[[Binod Pradhan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
| {{sort|Desai|[[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| {{sort|Saluja|[[Renu Saluja]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]
| {{sort|Chaudhary|Jitendra Chaudhary}}, {{sort|Nayak|Namita Nayak}}
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="7"| [[Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="7"| 1995
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{sort|Kher|[[Anupam Kher]]}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7"| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.screenindia.com/screenawards/award94.html |title=Screen Award winners for the year 1994 are |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen India]] |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020116211217/http://www.screenindia.com/screenawards/award94.html |archive-date=16 January 2002 |agency=[[Indian Express Limited]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Burman|[[R. D. Burman]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| {{sort|Akhtar|[[Javed Akhtar]]}} for "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Sanu|[[Kumar Sanu]]}} for "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To"
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Art Direction
| {{sort|Desai|[[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| {{sort|Pradhan|[[Binod Pradhan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Sound Design
| {{sort|Chaudhary|Jitendra Chaudhary}}, {{sort|Nayak|Namita Nayak}}
| {{won}}
|-
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=0109010|title=1942: A Love Story}}

{{Vidhu Vinod Chopra}}
{{Vinod Chopra Films}}

[[Category:Films directed by Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:1994 romance films]]
[[Category:Films set in 1942]]
[[Category:Films set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:1994 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian historical romance films]]
[[Category:Films set in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh]]

Polayathode

2026-03-09T20:08:29Z

Saurabhoaoindia: cleanup section and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Polayathode
| other_name = Polayathodu
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Artech Palm Grove at Polayathode in Kollam City, Aug 2016.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A Highriser Underconstruction at Polayathode, [[Kollam]] city
| pushpin_map = India Kollam#Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kollam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.877833|N|76.611278|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Kollam Municipal Corporation|Kollam Municipal Corporation(KMC)]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 691021
| registration_plate = KL-02
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|34|°C|°F}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|22|°C|°F}}
| website = http://www.kollam.nic.in
| footnotes =
}}

'''Polayathode''' or '''Polayathodu''' is one of the fastest growing neighbourhoods of the city of [[Kollam]], in the [[Kerala|state of Kerala]], [[India]]. It is situated at [[National Highway 47 (India)|National Highways – NH 66 (Earlier NH 47)]]. [[Kerala Police]] have identified Polayathode as one of the traffic black spots in the state.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/state-roads-strewn-with-black-spots/article760009.ece] State roads strewn with 'black spots' - The Hindu</ref>

==Location==
* [[Kollam Junction railway station]] - {{convert|2|km}}
* [[Andamukkam City Bus Stand]] - {{convert|2.7|km}}
* [[Kollam KSRTC Bus Station]] - {{convert|3|km}}
* [[Kollam Port]] - {{convert|5|km}}
* [[Chinnakada]] - {{convert|2.3|km}}
* [[Tangasseri]] - {{convert|5.2|km}}

==Importance==
Polayathode is one of the highly urbanized areas of Kollam. The proximity of Polayathode to major places in the city including [[Pattathanam]], [[Chinnakada]], [[Mundakkal]] and [[Thattamala]] make it an important destination in the city.<ref>[http://www.kfc.co.in/store-locator.php?city_id=87&input_store=307] Store Locator: Kollam - KFC</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://artechrealtors.com/kollam-projects/ |title=Apartments in Kollam, Flats in Kollam - Artech Realtors |access-date=2014-09-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903143527/http://artechrealtors.com/kollam-projects/ |archive-date=2014-09-03 }} Artech Builders Project Site: Kollam</ref><ref>[http://www.esic.nic.in/kerala-dispensary.php] ESI Dispensary - Polayathode, Kollam</ref> One of the major public crematoriums in Kollam is situated at Polayathode.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140905021849/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article355544.ece?service=print] Kakkanadan laid to rest - TNIE</ref>

==Major public/private institutions in Polayathode==
* ESI Dispensary
* Public Crematorium
* [[KFC]]
* [[Domino's Pizza]]
* [[Reebok]]
* Max Fashion
* West Side
* Fabindia
* WoodLand
* Eye Mall
* Public Market
* V V Electricals, Plumbing and Sanitary
* Enfit Drug Bank
* PORUNNELSTORES

==See also==
* [[Kollam]]
* [[Kollam Beach]]
* [[Chinnakada]]
* [[Andamukkam City Bus Stand]]
* [[Kadappakada]]
* [[Asramam Maidan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Polayathode}}
{{Kollam}}
{{Kollam district}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kollam]]

{{Kollam-geo-stub}}

Chandigarh women's cricket team

2026-03-07T18:42:33Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Made a pg first draft

{{short description|Indian women's cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Chandigarh Women
| image =
| captain =
| founded = 1973
| ground =
| title1 = [[Women's Senior One Day Trophy|WSODT]]
| title1wins = 0
| title2 = [[Senior Women's T20 League|SWTL]]
| title2wins = 0
}}

The '''Chandigarh women's cricket team''' is a women's cricket team that represents the Indian union territory of [[Chandigarh]]. They played their first match in 1973, and joined the Indian domestic system in 2019–20, competing in the [[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]] and the [[Senior Women's T20 League]].<ref name="team"/>

==History==
Chandigarh Women played their first recorded match in 1973, against [[Punjab women's cricket team (India)|Punjab]]. They went on to play in the Senior National Women's Cricket Championship in 1986–87 and the Indira Priyadarshini Champions Trophy in 1993–94, but full results are not recorded.<ref name="Misc">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/21/21202/Womens_Miscellaneous_Matches.html |title=Women's Miscellaneous Matches Played by Chandigarh Women |website=CricketArchive |access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="ListA">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/21/21202/Womens_List_A_Matches.html |title=Women's List A Matches Played by Chandigarh Women |website=CricketArchive |access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref>

In 2019, the [[Union Territory Cricket Association]], the governing body of cricket in [[Chandigarh]], received affiliation from the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]], allowing Chandigarh to join the Indian women's domestic system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/chandigarh-bcci-affiliation-ranji-trophy-punjab-haryana-cricket-1574126-2019-07-27|title=Chandigarh finally gets BCCI affiliation|website=India Today |access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> In the 2019–20 season, they competed in the [[2019–20 Senior Women's One Day League|Senior Women's One Day League]] and the [[2019–20 Senior Women's T20 League|Senior Women's T20 League]]. They finished 6th in their group in the T20 League, but won the Plate Competition in the One Day League, winning all 9 of their games to gain promotion to the Elite Competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/33/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2019-20.html |title=Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2019/20 |publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/33/Inter_State_Womens_Twenty20_Competition_2019-20.html |title=Inter State Women's Twenty20 Competition 2019/20 |publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref>

The following season, 2020–21, with only the One Day competition going ahead, Chandigarh finished 5th out of 6 teams in Group C of the Elite Competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/Tables/34/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2020-21.html |title=Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2020/21 Points Tables |publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> The side won one match across the two competitions in 2021–22, beating [[Karnataka women's cricket team|Karnataka]] in the T20 Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/35/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2021-22.html |title=Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2021/22 |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/230/senior-womens-t20-trophy |title=Senior Women's T20 Trophy 2021/22 |publisher=BCCI |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref> In 2022–23, Chandigarh won two matches in each of the two competitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/37/Inter_State_Womens_One_Day_Competition_2022-23.html |title=Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2022/23 |publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/36/Inter_State_Womens_Twenty20_Competition_2022-23.html |title=Inter State Women's Twenty20 Competition 2022/23 |publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref>

==Players==
===Notable players===
Players who have played for Chandigarh and played internationally are listed below, in order of first international appearance (given in brackets):<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/21/21202/Players.html |title=Players who have played for Chandigarh Women |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amanjot Kaur]] (2023)
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kashvee Gautam]] (2025)

==Seasons==
===Women's Senior One Day Trophy===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Season
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division
! scope="col" colspan="8" | League standings<ref name="team">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/21/21202/21202.html |title=Chandigarh Women |website=CricketArchive |access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref>
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
! scope="col" | P
! scope="col" | W
! scope="col" | L
! scope="col" | T
! scope="col" | NR
! scope="col" | NRR
! scope="col" | Pts
! scope="col" | Pos
|-
! scope="row" | [[2019–20 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2019–20]]
| Plate
| 9 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || +2.073 || 36 || 1st
| style="background: #cfc;" | Promoted
|-
! scope="row" | [[2020–21 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2020–21]]
| Elite Group C
| 5 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 0 || –0.606 || 4 || 5th
| style="background: white;" |
|-
! scope="row" | [[2021–22 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2021–22]]
| Elite Group B
| 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || –2.273 || 0 || 6th
| style="background: white;" |
|-
! scope="row" | [[2022–23 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2022–23]]
| Group B
| 7 || 2 || 5 || 0 || 0 || –1.406 || 8 || 7th
| style="background: white;" |
|-
! scope="row" | [[2023–24 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2023–24]]
| Group A
| 7 || 2 || 3 || 0 || 2 || –0.268 || 12 || 6th
| style="background: white;" |
|-
! scope="row" | [[2024–25 Women's Senior One Day Trophy|2024–25]]
| Group E
| 6 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || –0.213 || 12 || 4th
| style="background: white;" |
|}

===Senior Women's T20 League===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Season
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division
! scope="col" colspan="8" | League standings<ref name="team"/>
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
! scope="col" | P
! scope="col" | W
! scope="col" | L
! scope="col" | T
! scope="col" | NR
! scope="col" | NRR
! scope="col" | Pts
! scope="col" | Pos
|-
! scope="row" | [[2019–20 Senior Women's T20 League|2019–20]]
| Group D
| 7 || 2 || 4 || 0 || 1 || −0.442 || 10 || 6th
| style="background: white;" |
|-
! scope="row" | [[2021–22 Women's Senior T20 Trophy|2021–22]]
| Elite Group C
| 5 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 0 || –0.505 || 4 || 5th
| style="background: white;" |
|-
! scope="row" | [[2022–23 Women's Senior T20 Trophy|2022–23]]
| Group C
| 6 || 2 || 4 || 0 || 0 || –0.761 || 8 || 6th
| style="background: white;" |
|}

==Honours==
* '''[[Women's Senior One Day Trophy]]:'''
** '''Plate Champions (1):''' 2019–20

==See also==
* [[Chandigarh cricket team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cricket in India}}
{{Women's Inter State Cricket in India}}

[[Category:Women's cricket teams in India]]
[[Category:Cricket in Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 1973]]
[[Category:Women's sport in Chandigarh]]

Adbhut

2026-03-02T04:38:28Z

Saurabhoaoindia: made basic article v1

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Adbhut
| image = Adhbhut.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = [[Sabbir Khan]]
| writer = Sabbir Khan
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = [[Sony Pictures Networks India]]<br />Sabbir Khan
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]
* [[Diana Penty]]
* [[Shreya Dhanwanthary]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Binod Pradhan]]
| editing = Manan Sagar
| music = [[Julius Packiam]]
| studio = [[Sony Pictures Networks India|Sony Pictures International Productions]]<br />Sabbir Khan Films
| distributor = [[Sony Max]]<br />[[Sony Pictures Releasing International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|9|15}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Adbhut''''' is an Indian Hindi-language [[supernatural]] [[horror film]] written and directed by [[Sabbir Khan]].<ref>{{cite web| author=संगीता तोमर| title=नवाजुद्दीन सिद्दीकी की सुपरनैचुरल थ्रिलर 'अद्भुत' का दमदार ट्रेलर रिलीज, 15 सितंबर को इस TV चैनल पर होगी रिलीज| website=Navbharat Times| date=24 August 2024| url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/web-series/latest/nawazuddin-siddiqui-supernatural-movie-adbhut-trailer-releases-movie-premieres-on-sony-max-deets-inside/articleshow/112763455.cms| access-date=24 August 2024| archive-date=24 August 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824120349/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/web-series/latest/nawazuddin-siddiqui-supernatural-movie-adbhut-trailer-releases-movie-premieres-on-sony-max-deets-inside/articleshow/112763455.cms| url-status=live}}</ref> it stars [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]],
[[Diana Penty]] and [[Shreya Dhanwanthary]].<ref>{{cite web|title='Adbhut' trailer: Nawazuddin Siddiqui is a detective trying to crack an abnormal case in Sabbir Khan's horror flick|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/adbhut-trailer-nawazuddin-siddiqui-is-a-detective-trying-to-crack-an-abnormal-case-in-sabbir-khans-horror-flick/article68562115.ece|website=The Hindu|language=en|date=24 August 2024|access-date=26 August 2024|archive-date=26 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826094936/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/adbhut-trailer-nawazuddin-siddiqui-is-a-detective-trying-to-crack-an-abnormal-case-in-sabbir-khans-horror-flick/article68562115.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was premiered directly on [[Sony Max]] on 15 September.<ref>{{cite web |last1=यादव |first1=शिखा |title=OTT या सिनेमाघर नहीं सीधे टीवी पर रिलीज होगी Nawazuddin Siddiqui की हॉरर-थ्रिलर फिल्म Adbhut, जानें कब और कहां देखें |url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-horror-thriller-adbhut-first-film-to-release-on-tv-know-when-and-where-to-watch-6408392 |website=NDTV |language=hi|date=24 August 2024 |access-date=26 August 2024 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826094936/https://ndtv.in/bollywood/nawazuddin-siddiqui-horror-thriller-adbhut-first-film-to-release-on-tv-know-when-and-where-to-watch-6408392 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui's next film 'Adbhut' announced, to release in September|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/nawazuddin-siddiquis-next-film-adbhut-announced-to-release-in-september-15-sabbir-khan-diana-penty-2586747-2024-08-23|website=India Today|language=en|date=24 August 2024|access-date=26 August 2024|archive-date=28 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828040718/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/nawazuddin-siddiquis-next-film-adbhut-announced-to-release-in-september-15-sabbir-khan-diana-penty-2586747-2024-08-23|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Adbhut: Nawazuddin Siddiqui drops intense poster to announce release date of his upcoming thriller; promises 'most shocking film of the year'|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/adbhut-nawazuddin-siddiqui-drops-intense-poster-to-announce-release-date-of-his-upcoming-thriller-promises-most-shocking-film-of-the-year-1342216|website=PinkVilla|language=en|date=24 August 2024|access-date=26 August 2024|archive-date=26 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826094936/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/adbhut-nawazuddin-siddiqui-drops-intense-poster-to-announce-release-date-of-his-upcoming-thriller-promises-most-shocking-film-of-the-year-1342216|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film starts with detective Gajraj Awasthy being honored by the Police department. In reply to a question regarding the most difficult case of his life, his memory takes him back by 5 years. He reminisces a case, which forms the story of the film.
Dr. Aditya and Shruti Rawat come to stay in a house in hills. A mysterious force keeps disturbing the couple off and on once they move in. Gajraj is called in to investigate the mysterious happenings. His investigation leads him to Mary Mathews who is somehow linked to the disturbances that happens to Rawats.

It is then revealed that Dr. Aditya and Dr. Shruti Rawat killed a coma patient, Amy R Mathews and did a heart transplant to one Anjali Malhotra. The spirit of Amy goes into Anjali who becomes Mary Mathews. The Rawats confess their crime and go to jail while Amy's spirit is freed.

== Cast ==
* [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] as Detective Gajraj Awasthy
* [[Diana Penty]] as Mary Matthews / Anjali Malhotra
* [[Himanshi Parashar]] as Amy R. Matthews
* [[Shreya Dhanwanthary]] as Dr. Shruti Rawat
* [[Rohan Mehra (born 1991)|Rohan Mehra]] as Dr. Aditya Rawat
* [[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]] as Engineer Pradeep Kumar
* [[Vikram Gokhale]] as Khan, Gajraj's repulsive colleague<ref>{{cite web |last1=JHA |first1=SUBHASH K. |title=The Last Day When Vikram Gokhale Worked |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/the-last-day-when-vikram-gokhale-worked/20221128.htm |website=Rediff |language=en |access-date=16 September 2024 }}</ref>
* Sohila Kapur as Mrs. Mathews, Amy's mother
* Sanjay Gurbaxani as Priest
* Shashank Shende as Ramakant Yadav

== Production ==
The film was announced in October 2021.<ref>{{cite web | last=Jha | first=Lata | title=Sony Pictures announces supernatural thriller with Nawazuddin Siddiqui | website=mint | date=12 October 2021 | url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/sony-pictures-announces-supernatural-thriller-with-nawazuddin-siddiqui-11634014497411.html | access-date=1 September 2024 | archive-date=19 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019063008/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/sony-pictures-announces-supernatural-thriller-with-nawazuddin-siddiqui-11634014497411.html | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], [[Diana Penty]], [[Shreya Dhanwanthary]] and [[Rohan Mehra (born 1991)|Rohan Mehra]] joined the cast.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hungama |first1=Bollywood |title=Sabbir Khan's Adbhut stars Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Diana Penty, Shreya Dhanwanthary and Rohan Mehra : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sabbir-khans-adbhut-stars-nawazuddin-siddiqui-diana-penty-shreya-dhanwanthary-rohan-mehra/ |language=en |date=6 October 2021 |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=6 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006062432/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sabbir-khans-adbhut-stars-nawazuddin-siddiqui-diana-penty-shreya-dhanwanthary-rohan-mehra/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Principal photography]] commenced by October 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Diana Penty begin filming for Sabbir Khan's Adbhut |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nawazuddin-siddiqui-diana-penty-begin-filming-for-sabbir-khans-adbhut-10030441.html |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |date=6 October 2021 |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027115201/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nawazuddin-siddiqui-diana-penty-begin-filming-for-sabbir-khans-adbhut-10030441.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was mainly shot in [[Shimla]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Diana Penty's 'Adbhut' sneak peek from her shoot |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/diana-pentys-adbhut-sneak-peek-from-her-shoot/81809765.html |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref> before wrapping in May 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title='Scam 1992' star Shreya Dhanwanthary completes shooting for Nawazuddin Siddiqui-starrer 'Adbhut' |url=https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/scam-1992-star-shreya-dhanwanthary-completes-shooting-for-nawazuddin-siddiqui-starrer-adbhut/articleshow/91319751.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=4 May 2022 |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707211435/https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/scam-1992-star-shreya-dhanwanthary-completes-shooting-for-nawazuddin-siddiqui-starrer-adbhut/articleshow/91319751.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Release ==
The film premiered on [[Sony Max]] on 15 September 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sony MAX to premiere Sabbir Khan's 'Adbhut' as first direct-to-TV film|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/movie-channels/sony-max-to-premiere-sabbir-khan%27s-%27adbhut%27-as-first-direct-to-tv-film-240826|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en |date=26 August 2024}}</ref>

==Reception==
[[Bollywood Hungama]] gave 2.5/5, saying "Sabbir Khan's story is decent though it gets clichéd at places", and "The scene where the fan comes flying towards Aditya and Shruti is terrifying. One might guess that the film will take a certain path. But it doesn’t and that makes the suspense unpredictable." Performances of all actors is praised.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/adbhut/critic-review/adbhut-movie-review/adbhut-is-a-watchable-horror-film-despite-its-minuses/|title=Adbhut Movie Review: ADBHUT is a watchable horror film, despite its minuses|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 September 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15560952}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|adbhut}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film}}

[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 horror films]]
[[Category:2020s supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Columbia Pictures films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language horror films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Sony Pictures Networks India films]]
[[Category:Sony Pictures films]]
[[Category:Supernatural films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sabbir Khan]]

India women's cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023

2026-02-27T23:58:47Z

Saurabhoaoindia: adding new post

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = India women's cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023
| team1_image = Flag of Bangladesh.svg
| team1_name = Bangladesh
| team2_image = Flag of India.svg
| team2_name = India
| from_date = 9
| to_date = 22 July 2023
| team1_captain = [[Nigar Sultana (cricketer)|Nigar Sultana]]
| team2_captain = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]]
| no_of_ODIs = 3
| team1_ODIs_won = 1
| team2_ODIs_won = 1
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[Fargana Hoque]] (181)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] (129)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Marufa Akter]] (7)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Devika Vaidya]] (6)
| player_of_ODI_series = [[Fargana Hoque]] (Ban)
| no_of_twenty20s = 3
| team1_twenty20s_won = 1
| team2_twenty20s_won = 2
| team1_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Shamima Sultana]] (64)
| team2_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] (94)
| team1_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Sultana Khatun]] (7)
| team2_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Minnu Mani]] (5)
| player_of_twenty20_series = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] (Ind)
}}
The [[India women's national cricket team|India women's cricket team]] toured Bangladesh in July 2023 to play three [[Women's One Day International|One Day International]] (ODI) and three [[Women's Twenty20 International|Twenty20 International]] (T20I) matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insidesport.in/indian-women-cricket-team-big-year-coming-up-for-indian-women-cricket-in-2023-t20-world-cup-in-south-africa-tri-series-women-ipl-2023-check-full-schedule-for-indian-women-cricket-in-2023/ |title=Big YEAR coming up for Indian Women Cricket in 2023 |work=Inside Sport |date=31 December 2022 |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Women's Future Tours Programme |url=https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2022/08/16/fc7faada-819e-44ed-9259-771b97ca02e6/Women-s-FTP-2022-25.pdf |access-date=18 May 2023 |work=International Cricket Council |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413083227/https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2022/08/16/fc7faada-819e-44ed-9259-771b97ca02e6/Women-s-FTP-2022-25.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ODI series formed part of the [[2022–2025 ICC Women's Championship]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/2745933 |title=Women's FTP for 2022-25 announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tigercricket.com.bd/detail/itinerary-announced-for-india-women-s-tour-of-bangladesh-2023 |title=Itinerary announced for India Women's Tour of Bangladesh 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |work=Bangladesh Cricket Board|date=16 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/ke7g9gsztq |title=Bangladesh to play 50 matches in First Women's FTP |work=Prothom Alo |date=17 August 2022 |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/sports/tigresses-to-play-50-intl-matches-in-iccs-first-womens-ftp-1660664176 |title=Tigresses to play 50 int'l matches in ICC's first women's FTP |work=The Financial Express |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref>

India won the T20I series 2–1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-women-in-bangladesh-2023-1381943/bangladesh-women-vs-india-women-3rd-t20i-1382165/match-report |title=Shamima, spinners steer tricky chase to hand Bangladesh win |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 July 2023}}</ref> Bangladesh won the first match of the ODI series, which was their first win over India in the format.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-championship-2022-23-2025-1308225/bangladesh-women-vs-india-women-1st-odi-1382166/match-report |title=Marufa, Rabeya script Bangladesh's first ODI win vs India |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 July 2023}}</ref> India defeated Bangladesh by 108 runs in the second ODI.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-championship-2022-23-2025-1308225/bangladesh-women-vs-india-women-2nd-odi-1382167/match-report |title=Jemimah Rodrigues bosses Bangladesh, India draw level |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref> The third and last ODI ended in [[Result (cricket)#Tie|a tie]],<ref name=odi3>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-championship-2022-23-2025-1308225/bangladesh-women-vs-india-women-3rd-odi-1382168/match-report |title=Drama in Mirpur as decider ends in thrilling tie |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref> leading to the series being drawn 1–1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/dramatic-tie-in-the-third-odi-after-bangladeshs-late-strikes |title=Dramatic tie in the third ODI after Bangladesh's late strikes |work=BDCricTime |access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref>

On 25 July 2023, [[Harmanpreet Kaur]], the Indian [[Captain (cricket)|captain]], was fined 75% of her match fee, banned for two matches, and given four demerit points by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) for breaching the [[ICC Cricket Code of Conduct|code of conduct]] for her outbursts during the final ODI of the series. She pleaded guilty to two separate charges pressed by the match referee.<ref>{{cite news |title=India women's cricket captain handed two-match ban for outburst |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/25/indian-captain-harmanpreet-kaur-handed-two-match-ban-for-outburst |work=Al Jazeera |date=25 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Kaur received three demerit points and fined 50% of her match fee for "showing dissent at an [[Umpire (cricket)|umpire]]'s decision". Thus, she became the first women's player to be given a Level 2 sanction since the ICC began listing code of conduct breaches publicly in 2016. She also received one demerit point for a separate Level 1 penalty along with a fine of 25% of her match fee for "public criticism" of match officials.<ref>{{cite news |title=Harmanpreet to miss start of Asian Games after pleading guilty to ICC charges |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/harmanpreet-to-miss-opening-matches-at-asian-games-after-pleading-guilty-to-icc-charges-1389333 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=25 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Kaur found herself in the controversy after hitting the [[Stump (cricket)|stumps]] with her [[Cricket bat|bat]] when she was given [[Dismissal (cricket)|out]]. In the post-match presentation, she publicly criticised the umpires and disrespected the opponent team during the [[photo session]], leading to the [[Bangladesh women's national cricket team|Bangladeshi players]]' [[walkout]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Harmanpreet on Dhaka umpiring outburst: 'I don't regret anything' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/harmanpreet-kaur-on-umpiring-outburst-during-bangladesh-india-odi-in-dhaka-i-dont-regret-anything-1393347 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=20 August 2023 |language=en |quote=During the Dhaka ODI, Harmanpreet made her displeasure with the umpiring clear: she reacted to her dismissal by smashing the stumps with her bat, and went on to call the umpiring "pathetic" at the post-match presentation. When players from the two teams posed for end-of-series photographs, Harmanpreet is understood to have shouted out, "bring the umpires too", suggesting they had been part of the Bangladesh team.}}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|-
!colspan=2|{{crw|BAN}}
!colspan=2|{{crw|IND}}
|-
!ODIs<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ban-vs-ind-sharmin-earns-recall-for-odis-against-india-while-jahanara-misses-out-1387169 |title=Sharmin earns recall for ODIs against India, Jahanara continues to miss out |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 July 2023}}</ref>
!T20Is<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-women-drop-jahanara-alam-fargana-hoque-for-india-t20is-1385858 |title=Bangladesh drop Jahanara, Fargana for T20Is against India |access-date=5 July 2023 |work=ESPNricinfo}}</ref>
!ODIs<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 July 2023 |title=India's squad for Bangladesh ODIs and T20Is announced |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556011/india-s-squad-for-bangladesh-odis-and-t20is-announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India}}</ref>
!T20Is<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 July 2023 |title=Senior players missing as India name limited-overs squad for Bangladesh series |url=https://icc-cricket.com/news/3564768 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Nigar Sultana (cricketer)|Nigar Sultana]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]], [[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Nahida Akter]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Sharmin Akhter]]
* [[Marufa Akter]]
* [[Shorna Akter]]
* [[Disha Biswas]]
* [[Fargana Hoque]]
* [[Rabeya Khan]]
* [[Fahima Khatun]]
* [[Murshida Khatun]]
* [[Salma Khatun]]
* [[Sultana Khatun]]
* [[Sanjida Akter Meghla]]
* [[Lata Mondal]]
* [[Ritu Moni]]
* [[Sobhana Mostary]]
* [[Shamima Sultana]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
|
* [[Nigar Sultana (cricketer)|Nigar Sultana]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]], [[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Dilara Akter]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Marufa Akter]]
* [[Nahida Akter]]
* [[Shorna Akter]]
* [[Disha Biswas]]
* [[Rabeya Khan]]
* [[Fahima Khatun]]
* [[Murshida Khatun]]
* [[Salma Khatun]]
* [[Sultana Khatun]]
* [[Sanjida Akter Meghla]]
* [[Ritu Moni]]
* [[Sobhana Mostary]]
* [[Shathi Rani]]
* [[Shamima Sultana]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
|
* [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Smriti Mandhana]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Anusha Bareddy]]
* [[Yastika Bhatia]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Uma Chetry]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Harleen Deol]]
* [[Rashi Kanojiya]]
* [[Amanjot Kaur]]
* [[Monica Patel]]
* [[Priya Punia]]
* [[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]]
* [[Jemimah Rodrigues]]
* [[Anjali Sarvani]]
* [[Deepti Sharma]]
* [[Meghna Singh]]
* [[Devika Vaidya]]
* [[Pooja Vastrakar]]
* [[Shafali Verma]]
|
* [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Smriti Mandhana]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Anusha Bareddy]]
* [[Yastika Bhatia]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Uma Chetry]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Harleen Deol]]
* [[Rashi Kanojiya]]
* [[Amanjot Kaur]]
* [[Minnu Mani]]
* [[Sabbhineni Meghana]]
* [[Monica Patel]]
* [[Jemimah Rodrigues]]
* [[Anjali Sarvani]]
* [[Deepti Sharma]]
* [[Meghna Singh]]
* [[Devika Vaidya]]
* [[Pooja Vastrakar]]
* [[Shafali Verma]]
|}
Bangladesh named [[Sharmin Akhter]], [[Fargana Hoque]], [[Lata Mondal]] and [[Fariha Trisna]] as standby players in their T20I squad.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/127051/bangladesh-drop-jahanara-alam-for-india-t20is |title=Bangladesh drop Jahanara Alam for India T20Is |work=Cricbuzz |date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref>

==T20I series==
===1st T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 July 2023
| time = 14:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|BAN}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 114/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shorna Akter]] 28[[not out|*]] (28)
| wickets1 = [[Pooja Vastrakar]] 1/16 (4 overs)
| score2 = 118/3 (16.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] 54[[not out|*]] (35)
| wickets2 = [[Sultana Khatun]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1382163.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Ali Arman]] (Ban) and [[Mahfuzur Rahman (umpire)|Mahfuzur Rahman]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Shathi Rani]] (Ban), [[Anusha Bareddy]] and [[Minnu Mani]] (Ind) all made their T20I debuts.
}}

===2nd T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 July 2023
| time = 14:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|BAN}}
| score1 = 95/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shafali Verma]] 19 (14)
| wickets1 = [[Sultana Khatun]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| score2 = 87 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nigar Sultana (cricketer)|Nigar Sultana]] 38 (55)
| wickets2 = [[Deepti Sharma]] 3/12 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 8 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1382164.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Mahfuzur Rahman (umpire)|Mahfuzur Rahman]] (Ban) and [[Moniruzzaman (cricketer)|Moniruzzaman]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Deepti Sharma]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Murshida Khatun]] replaced [[Sobhana Mostary]] as [[Substitute (cricket)#Concussion substitute|a concussion substitute]] for Bangladesh during second innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-bangladesh-women-live-cricket-score-2nd-t20i-at-dhaka-sher-e-bangla-stadium-ind-vs-ban-today-match-scorecard-101689053052014.html |title=IND w vs BAN w 2nd T20I Highlights: India beat Bangladesh by 8 runs, seal series win |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref>
}}

===3rd T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 July 2023
| time = 14:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|BAN}}
| score1 = 102/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] 40 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Rabeya Khan]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| score2 = 103/6 (18.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shamima Sultana]] 42 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Devika Vaidya]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1382165.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Ali Arman]] (Ban) and [[Mahfuzur Rahman (umpire)|Mahfuzur Rahman]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Shamima Sultana]] (Ban)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Rashi Kanojiya]] (Ind) made her T20I debut.
}}

==ODI series==
===1st ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 July 2023
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|BAN}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 152 (43 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nigar Sultana (cricketer)|Nigar Sultana]] 39 (64)
| wickets1 = [[Amanjot Kaur]] 4/31 (9 overs)
| score2 = 113 (35.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Deepti Sharma]] 20 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Marufa Akter]] 4/29 (7 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 40 runs ([[Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1382166.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Mahfuzur Rahman (umpire)|Mahfuzur Rahman]] (Ban) and [[Moniruzzaman (cricketer)|Moniruzzaman]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Marufa Akter]] (Ban)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = The match was reduced to 44 overs per side due to rain. India were set a revised target of 154 runs from 44 overs.
| notes = [[Shorna Akter]] (Ban), [[Anusha Bareddy]] and [[Amanjot Kaur]] (Ind) all made their ODI debuts.
* This was Bangladesh's first win against India in ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-women-s-championship-2022-23-2025-1308225/bangladesh-women-vs-india-women-1st-odi-1382166/match-report |title=Marufa, Rabeya script Bangladesh's first ODI win vs India |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref>
* Women's Championship points: Bangladesh 2, India 0.
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 July 2023
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|BAN}}
| score1 = 228/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] 86 (78)
| wickets1 = [[Nahida Akter]] 2/37 (10 overs)
| score2 = 120 (35.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Fargana Hoque]] 47 (81)
| wickets2 = [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] 4/3 (3.1 overs)
| result = India won by 108 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1382167.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Tanvir Ahmed (umpire)|Tanvir Ahmed]] (Ban) and [[Ali Arman]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] (Ind)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Women's Championship points: India 2, Bangladesh 0.
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 22 July 2023
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|BAN}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 225/4 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Fargana Hoque]] 107 (160)
| wickets1 = [[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]] 2/45 (10 overs)
| score2 = 225 (49.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Harleen Deol]] 77 (108)
| wickets2 = [[Nahida Akter]] 3/37 (10 overs)
| result = Match tied
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1382168.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Tanvir Ahmed (umpire)|Tanvir Ahmed]] (Ban) and Muhammad Kamruzzaman (Ban)
| motm = [[Harleen Deol]] (Ind)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Fargana Hoque]] became the first cricketer for Bangladesh to score [[List of centuries in women's One Day International cricket|a century in women's ODIs]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/cricket/news/fargana-becomes-first-bangladeshi-woman-score-odi-ton-3375526 |title=Fargana becomes first Bangladeshi woman to score ODI ton |work=The Daily Star |date=22 July 2023 |access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref>
* A [[Super Over]] would have been played had there been time available.<ref name=odi3/>
* Women's Championship points: Bangladesh 1, India 1.
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-women-in-bangladesh-2023-1381943 Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{International cricket in 2023}}
{{2022–2025 ICC Women's Championship}}
{{Bangladesh women's national cricket team}}
{{India women's national cricket team}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India women's cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023}}
[[Category:Indian cricket tours of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Women's international cricket tours of Bangladesh|India 2023]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2023]]
[[Category:2023 in Bangladeshi cricket]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2023 in women's cricket]]
[[Category:2022–25 ICC Women's Championship]]

Katehari Assembly constituency

2026-02-27T21:35:40Z

Saurabhoaoindia: adding a entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Katehari
| map_image = 277-Katehari.svg
| mla = [[Dharmraj Nishad]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Uttar Pradesh|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Lalji Verma]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = BJP election symbol.png
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ambedkar Nagar]]
| electors = 3,94,267
| constituency_no = 277
}}

'''Katehari Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Katehari in the [[Ambedkar Nagar district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. Katehari is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Katehari Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/katehari.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Loknath Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Raghunath Singh
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}" |
|[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Ramnarayan Tripathi
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| rowspan="2" |Bhagwati Prasad Shukla
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ravindra Nath Tewari
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Jiya Ram Shukla
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ravindranath Tewari]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Anil Kumar Tewari
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Ram Dev Verma
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Dharamraj Nishad]]
|-
| [[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
| [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
| [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Shankhlal Majhi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
| [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Lalji Verma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections|2024]]^
|[[Dharmraj Nishad]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

^ denotes by-election

==Election results==
{{Pie chart
| caption = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] is the most successful political party in [[Katehari (Assembly constituency)|Katehari]] Assembly elections.
| value1 = 27.78
| label1 = [[Bahujan Samaj Party|'''BSP''']] (5 terms)
| color1 = {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| value2 = 22.22
| label2 = [[Indian National Congress|'''INC''']] (4 terms)
| color2 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| value3 = 11.11
| label3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''BJP''']] (2 terms)
| color3 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| value4 = 11.11
| label4 = [[Samajwadi Party|'''SP''']] (2 terms)
| color4 = {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
| value5 = 11.11
| label5 = [[Janata Party|'''JP''']] (2 terms)
| color5 = blue
| value6 = 5.56
| label6 = [[Indian National Congress (I)|'''INC (I)''']] (1 term)
| color6 = #0ef4e1
| value7 = 5.56
| label7 = [[Janata Dal|'''JD''']] (1 term)
| color7 = #00FF00
| value8 = 5.56
| label8 = [[Socialist Party|''' Socialist Party''']] (1 term)
| color8 = #006400
}}

===2024 bypoll===
{{Election box begin||title=[[2024 elections in India#Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election, 2024]]: Katehari<ref name="Katehari By election Result 2024">{{cite news |title=Katehari By election Result 2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S24277.htm |accessdate=23 August 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823115511/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S24277.htm |archivedate=23 August 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Dharmraj Nishad]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,04,091
|percentage = 45.57
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shobhawati Verma
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 69,577
|percentage = 30.46
|change = {{decrease}}7.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Amit Verma
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 41,647
|percentage = 18.23
|change = {{decrease}}5.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rajesh Kumar
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|votes = 5,152
|percentage = 2.26
|change = {{increase}}1.87
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Govind Kumar
|party = Independent
|votes = 1,650
|percentage = 0.72
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,530
|percentage = 0.67
|change = {{increase}}0.07
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 34,514
|percentage = 15.11
|change = {{increase}}12
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,28,434
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Katehari<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Lalji Verma]]
|votes = {{formatnum:93524}}
|percentage = 37.78
|change = +18.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Avadhesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:85828}}
|percentage = 34.67
|change = +26.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Prateek Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:58482}}
|percentage = 23.62
|change = -12.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1492}}
|percentage = 0.6
|change = -0.36
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7696}}
|percentage = 3.11
|change = +0.43
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:247560}}
|percentage = 62.79
|change = -0.54
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate '''Lal ji Verma''' won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''Awadhesh Kumar Dwiwedi''' by a margin of 6,287 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/katehari.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref><ref name="election2012">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |accessdate=20 April 2023 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Katehar<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Lal Ji Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:84358}}
|percentage = 35.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Awdhesh Kumar Dwivedi
|votes = {{formatnum:78071}}
|percentage = 33.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Jaishankar Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:45532}}
|percentage = 19.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = NISHAD Party
|candidate = Ajay Pratap Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:18721}}
|percentage = 7.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2235}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:6287}}
|percentage = 2.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:234407}}
|percentage = 63.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.53|82.21|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ambedkar Nagar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Digambar Biswas

2026-02-24T20:29:41Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Made some details added tags

{{Short description|Bengali zamindar and rebel leader}}

'''Digambar Biswas''' was a local [[Zamindars of Bengal|Zamindar]] and money lender. He was also one of the main leaders of the [[Indigo revolt|Blue Rebellion (1859–60)]] of [[Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-25 |title=ভারতে কৃষকরা রুখে দাঁড়িয়েছেন বারবার.‌.‌ {{!}}{{!}} Latest Bengali News {{!}} Breaking Bangla News - Aajkaal |url=https://aajkaal.in/news/national/peasant-movement-in-india-jz50 |access-date=2025-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625103235/https://aajkaal.in/news/national/peasant-movement-in-india-jz50 |archive-date=2021-06-25}}</ref> He, along with Bishnu Charan Biswas led the Indigo revolt of 1859, they mobilised exploited peasants against the oppressive Indigo cultivators of the [[British Raj]], eventually resulting in an improvement of the living conditions of the peasants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kling |first=Blair B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DVQrEAAAQBAJ |title=The Blue Mutiny: The Indigo Disturbances in Bengal, 1859-1862 |date=2016-11-11 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-1-5128-0350-1 |language=en}}</ref> For this, they are known in the native district of [[Nadia district|Nadia]]. He was the paternal grandfather of famous revolutionary and martyr [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Dr Mohitosh Gayen & Subhajit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVHXEAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&pg=PT170 |title=Paschimbanger jela-bhittik gabeshana grantha part - III |date=2023-09-03 |publisher=Barnashram Publishing House |isbn=978-93-91281-38-0 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Early life ==
[[File:House of Zamindar Digambar Biswas, Poragachha.jpg|thumb|House built by Digambar Biswas in his native village of Poragachha, [[Nadia district]]. Biswas was the foremost leader of the Indigo revolt. This house was built by him, now maintained by his descendants. This house was one of the centres of the Indigo revolt, where the rebels used to meet to discuss strategy of the rebellion. This also being the birthplace of revolutionaries [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]] and Manmatha Biswas of the same family.]]
Digambar Biswas was born sometime in the early 19th century, in the village of Poragacha, in [[Nadia district]] in a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Mahishya]] family to Kalchandra Biswas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=সুবোধচন্দ্র সেনগুপ্ত |url=http://archive.org/details/samsad-bangla-charitabhidhan |title=SAMSAD BANGLA CHARITABHIDHAN সংসদ বাংলা চরিতাভিধান |date=1976 |pages=199}}</ref> An ancestor of the family, Ghanashyam, the great great great grandfather of Digambar, had migrated from Mahmudpur village in [[Jessore District]] to Poragachha in [[Nadia district]] on the invitation of the [[Nadia Raj]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Biswa |first=Nilendu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=waVjEQAAQBAJ&dq=gagan+chandra+biswas+B+E&pg=PA24 |title=Revolutionary Movements and Anti-Colonial Resistance in Nadia (1905–1947): A Socio- Psychological Study of Indian Nationalism and Political Violence |date=2025-05-29 |publisher=Deep Science Publishing |isbn=978-93-49910-66-9 |language=en}}</ref> Their family was one of the few families to be bestowed the title of "[[Biswas]]" by the [[Nawabs of Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Senapati and Das |first=Uma and Dulal Krishna |title=মাহিষ্য রত্নাবলী-জীবনী শতক |publisher=Tuhina Publications |year=2018 |isbn=9788194434641 |edition=2nd |location=[[Kolkata]] |publication-date=2020 |pages=88 to 90 |language=Bengali |trans-title=Mahishya Ratnavali Biographical Century}}</ref> The Biswases of Poragachha were the [[Jotedar]]s of the area and hence had a close and personal relationship with the peasants of the neighbouring area. Digambar Biswas and another leader, Bishnu Charan Biswas, of Chaugachha village worked as [[Dewan]]s of [[Neel Kuthi|Neelkuthi]] in their early lives. The Biswases of Chaugachha were related to the Biswases of Poragachha by marriage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Dr Mohitosh Gayen & Subhajit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVHXEAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&pg=PT170 |title=Paschimbanger jela-bhittik gabeshana grantha part - III |date=2023-09-03 |publisher=Barnashram Publishing House |isbn=978-93-91281-38-0 |language=bn}}</ref>

== The revolt ==
Digambar Biswas resigned from his civil service post and started organizing the rebel farmers against the indigo farmers. The rebels did not know how to use weapons, so, he spent his money to bring batons from [[Barisal District|Barisal]] and teach the indigo farmers how to use spears and batons, and formed a resistance force. Under his leadership, the indigo rebellion took place across a vast area of [[Nadia district|Nadia]] and [[Jessore District|Jessore]] districts.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhattacharya |first=Subhas |date=1977 |title=The Indigo Revolt of Bengal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516809 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=13–23 |doi=10.2307/3516809 |jstor=3516809 |issn=0970-0293|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Both Digambar and Bishnu Charan spent 17 thousand [[Mohur]] during that period to help the farmers and lost everything. It is proven that they considered the interests of the poor farmers as their own interests. In the words of historian Satish Mitra, "The Biswas had some cohesion, but they spent everything they had on this movement. The indigo farmers were furious to break the alliance of the peasants. The Biswas brought sticks from Barisal and beat the countrymen with sticks...".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Kali Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrEsAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 |title=Jāgaraṇa o bisphoraṇa |date=1972 |publisher=Iṇḍiẏāna Ayāsosiẏeṭeḍa Pābaliśiṃ Koṃ. |language=bn}}</ref> In the history of the peasant revolt in India, Digambar Biswas, is remembered as the main leader of the Indigo Rebellion, and as a visionary.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vipul |first=Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BY5squlyzXcC&dq=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&pg=PA26 |title=Longman Vistas 8 |date=September 2009 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-2910-6 |language=en}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Despite the rebellion gaining huge fame and popularity, there were several harsh consequences endured by the leaders and their families. Digambar Biswas's own village, ''Poragachha'', was attacked multiple times, but he was able to acquire a substantial number of ''lathiyals'' to protect it. To enlist more peasants to his cause he paid their debts to the planters, spending enormous sum of 17,000 [[Rupee|rupees]]. Digambar received patronage and protection from a [[Zamindars of Bengal|Zamindar]] of [[Ranaghat]], Srigopal Pal Chowdhury. He continued to lead the peasants in presenting petitions and organizing resistance. Eventually, his funds were exhausted and he died a poor man.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kling |first=Blair B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DVQrEAAAQBAJ |title=The Blue Mutiny: The Indigo Disturbances in Bengal, 1859-1862 |date=2016-11-11 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-1-5128-0350-1 |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref>

== Family tree ==
Sources:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Dulal Krishna |script-title=bn:বাংলার নবরত্ন |publisher=Tuhina Publications |year=2021 |edition=1st |location=Kolkata |publication-date=2022 |pages=166 to 183 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Biswa |first=Nilendu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=waVjEQAAQBAJ&dq=gagan+chandra+biswas&pg=PA24 |title=Revolutionary Movements and Anti-Colonial Resistance in Nadia (1905–1947): A Socio- Psychological Study of Indian Nationalism and Political Violence |date=2025-05-29 |publisher=Deep Science Publishing |isbn=978-93-49910-66-9 |language=en}}</ref>

{{Tree list}}Ghanashyam Biswas
**Moniram Biswas
***Bhriguram Biswas
****Ramhari Biswas
*****Kalchandra Biswas
******Sarbananda Biswas
*******Motilal, m. Kunjabala Debi
********Hemchandra
********Kamakshya
********[[Basanta Kumar Biswas]]
********Durga
*******Hiralal
*******Pratap Chandra
********Ashutosh
********Khagendranath
********Nripendranath
******[[Digambar Biswas]]
*******Nilkantha
*******Rudrakantha
*******Mokshada
*******Surodhoni, m. Prankrishna Sarkar
******Ramgopal Biswas
*******Jadunath, m. Pranmoyi Debi
********Satyaranjan
********Jitendra
********'''Manmathanath Biswas'''
*******Bidhu Bhusan
*******Dinanath
{{Tree list/end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Biswas, Digambar}}
[[Category:Bengali zamindars]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian dewans]]
[[Category:Indian rebels]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Kubera

2026-02-24T11:02:41Z

Saurabhoaoindia: quick improve formatting and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{other uses}}
{{Cleanup|reason=AI generated text|date=November 2025}}
{{short description|Hindu god of wealth}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = File:Kubera, God of Wealth, and His Consort Riddhi.jpg
| caption = 10th century [[sandstone]] sculpture of Kubera with his consort
| affiliation = [[Yaksha]], [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]], [[Lokapala]]
| god_of = God of Wealth<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kubera | title=Kubera, Kuvera, Kuberā: 52 definitions | date=15 June 2012 }}</ref><br>Treasurer of the Devas<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8wKK7KNnMzAC&dq=kubera+treasurer+devas&pg=PT42|title=MYTH=MITHYA|first=Devdutt|last=Pattanaik|date=2006| publisher=Penguin UK | isbn=9788184750218 }}</ref>
| abode = [[Lanka]] and later [[Alaka]]
| mantra = {{IAST|Oṃ Shaṃ Kuberāya Namaḥ}}
| weapon = {{IAST|Gadā}} ([[Gada (mace)|Mace]] or club)
| father = [[Vishrava]]
| mother = [[Ilavida]]
| consort = [[Bhadra]]
| children = [[Nalakuvara]], [[Manibhadra]], Mayuraja, and Minakshi
| mount = [[Mongoose]],[[Human]]
| member_of = [[Lokapalas]]
| siblings = [[Ravana]], [[Kumbhakarna]]
}}
'''Kubera''' ({{langx|sa|कुबेर}}, {{IAST3|Kubera}}) also known as '''Kuvera''', '''Kuber''' and ''' Kuberan''', is the god of wealth, and the god-king of the semi-divine [[yakshas]] in [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmUssUXUFFYC&pg=PA359 |title=The Poems of Sūradāsa|publisher=Abhinav publications|year=1999|isbn=9788170173694}}</ref> He is regarded as [[Guardians of the directions|the regent of the north (''Dikpala'')]], and a protector of the world (''[[Lokapala]]''). His many [[epithet]]s extol him as the overlord of numerous semi-divine species, and the owner of the treasures of the world. Kubera is often depicted with a plump body, adorned with jewels, and carrying a money-pot and a club.

Originally described as the chief of evil spirits in [[Veda|Vedic]]-era texts, Kubera acquired the status of a ''[[Deva (Hinduism)|deva]]'' (god) only in the [[Puranas|''Purana''s]] and the [[Hindu epic]]s. The scriptures describe that Kubera once ruled [[Lanka]], but was overthrown by his half-brother [[Ravana]], later settling in the city of [[Alaka]] in the [[Himalayas]]. Descriptions of the "glory" and "splendour" of Kubera's city are found in many scriptures.

Kubera has also been assimilated into the [[Buddhist]] and [[Jain]] pantheons. In Buddhism, he is known as [[Vaisravana]], the patronymic used of the Hindu Kubera and is also equated with [[Pañcika]], while in Jainism, he is known as '''Sarvanubhuti'''. In Indonesia, Kubera is also known as '''Daneswara'''.

==Iconography==
Kubera is often depicted as a dwarf, with complexion of lotus leaves and a big belly. He is described as having three legs, only eight teeth, one eye, and being adorned with jewels. He is sometimes described riding a man.<ref name="knapp" /><ref name="Britannica" /> The description of deformities like the broken teeth, three legs, three heads and [[Chaturbhuja|four arms]] appear only in the later ''Puranic'' texts.<ref name="H147">{{harvnb|Hopkins|1915|p=147}}</ref> Kubera holds a mace, a pomegranate, or a money bag in his hand.<ref name="knapp" /> He may also carry a sheaf of jewels or a [[mongoose]] with him. In Tibet, the mongoose is considered a symbol of Kubera's victory over [[nāga]]s—the guardians of treasures.<ref name="Thomas" /> Kubera is usually depicted with a mongoose in Buddhist iconography.<ref name="Britannica" />

[[File:British Museum Ganesha Matrikas Kubera.jpg|thumb|A bronze [[Matrika]] goddess group along with [[Ganesha]] (left) and Kubera (right) currently at the [[British Museum]]. Originally from Eastern India, it was dedicated in 43rd year of reign of [[Mahipala]] I ({{circa|1043 AD}}).|280x280px]]

In the ''[[Vishnudharmottara Purana]]'', Kubera is described as the embodiment of both ''[[Artha]]'' ("wealth, prosperity, glory") and ''[[Arthashastra]]''s, the treatises related to it—and his iconography mirrors it. Kubera's complexion is described as that of lotus leaves. He rides a man—the [[State (polity)|state]] personified, adorned in golden clothes and ornaments, symbolizing his wealth. His left eye is yellow. He wears an armour and a necklace down to his large belly. The ''Vishnudharmottara Purana'' further describes his face to be inclined to the left, sporting a beard and mustache, and with two small tusks protruding from the ends of his mouth, representing his powers to punish and to bestow favours. His wife Riddhi, representing the journey of life, is seated on his left lap, with her left hand on the back of Kubera and the right holding a ''ratna-patra'' (jewel-pot). Kubera should be four-armed, holding a ''gada'' (mace: symbol of ''dandaniti''—administration of justice) and a ''[[shakti]]'' (power) in his left pair, and standards bearing a lion—representing ''Artha'' and a ''shibika'' (a club, the weapon of Kubera). The ''[[nidhi]]'' treasures Padma and Shankha stand beside him in human form, with their heads emerging from a lotus and a conch respectively.<ref name="prakash">{{cite book|last=Prakash|first=Om|editor=Nagendra Kumar Singh|title=Encyclopaedia of Hinduism|year=2000|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD|isbn=81-7488-168-9|pages=41–4|chapter=Artha and Arthasastra in the Puranic Iconography and their symbolic implications|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UG9-HZ5icQ4C&q=kubera&pg=PA43|volume=31–45}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The ''[[Agni Purana]]'' states that Kubera should be installed in temples as seated on a goat, and with a club in his hand.<ref name = "Mani"/> Kubera's image is prescribed to be that of gold, with multi-coloured attributes.<ref name="Alain"/> In some sources, especially in [[Jain]] depictions, Kubera is depicted as a drunkard, signified by the "nectar vessel" in his hand.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutherland|1991|p=65}}</ref>

==Etymology and other names==
The exact origins of the name Kubera are unknown.<ref name="Alain"/> "Kubera" or "Kuvera" (कुवेर) as spelt in later Sanskrit, means "deformed or monstrous" or "ill-shaped one"; indicating his deformities.<ref name="Alain"/><ref name = "monier">[http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0291-kudri.jpg Monier-Williams Dictionary: Kubera]</ref> Another theory suggests that Kubera may be derived from the verb root ''kumba'', meaning to conceal. Kuvera is also split as ''ku'' (earth), and ''vira'' (hero).<ref name = "S63"/>

As the son of [[Vishrava]] ("Fame"), Kubera is called ''[[Vaisravana]]'' (in the [[Pali language]], Vessavana) and as the son of Ilavila, ''Ailavila''.<ref name = "H142">{{harvnb|Hopkins|1915|pp=142–3}}</ref> Vaisravana is sometimes translated as the "Son of Fame".<ref name="Alain"/> The ''Sutta Nitapa'' commentary says that ''Vaisravana'' is derived from a name of Kubera's kingdom, ''Visana''.<ref name = "S63"/> Once, Kubera looked at Shiva and his wife [[Parvati]] with jealousy, so he lost one of his eyes. Parvati also turned this deformed eye yellow. So, Kubera gained the name ''Ekaksipingala'' ("one who has one yellow eye").<ref name = "Mani"/> He is also called ''Bhutesha'' ("Lord of spirits") like Shiva. Kubera usually is drawn by spirits or men (''nara''), so is called ''Nara-vahana'', one whose ''[[vahana]]'' (mount) is ''nara''. [[Edward Washburn Hopkins|Hopkins]] interprets ''nara''s as being water-spirits, although Mani translates ''nara'' as men.<ref name = "Mani"/><ref name = "H144"/> Kubera also rides the elephant called ''Sarvabhauma'' as a ''loka-pala''.<ref name = "H142"/> His garden is named Chaitraratha.<ref name="Madan"/>

Kubera also enjoys the titles "king of the whole world", "king of kings" (''Rajaraja''), "Lord of wealth" (''Dhanadhipati'') and "giver of wealth" (''Dhanada''). His titles are sometimes related to his subjects: "king of [[yaksha]]s" (''Yaksharajan''), "Lord of [[rakshasa]]s" (''Rakshasadhipati''), "Lord of [[Guhyaka]]s" (''Guhyakadhipa''), "king of [[Kinnara]]s"(''Kinnararaja''), "king of animals resembling men" (''Mayuraja''), and "king of men" (''Nararaja'').<ref name="Alain"/><ref name = "H142"/><ref name = "H144"/> Kubera is also called ''Guhyadhipa'' ("Lord of the hidden"). The ''[[Atharvaveda]]'' calls him the "god of hiding".<ref name = "H144"/>

==Literature==
[[File:Kubera - Circa 1st Century CE - Kosi Kalan - ACCN 18-1506 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5710.JPG|thumb|Kubera, 1st century CE, [[Mathura Museum]].]]

===Early descriptions and parentage===
In the ''Atharvaveda''—where he first appears<ref name="Alain">{{cite book|last= Daniélou|first=Alain|title=The myths and gods of India|year=1964|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Company|pages=135–7|chapter=Kubera, the Lord of Riches}}</ref>—and the ''[[Shatapatha Brahmana]]'', Kubera is the chief of evil spirits or spirits of darkness, and son of Vaishravana.<ref name = "monier"/><ref name = "williams"/> The ''Shatapatha Brahmana'' calls him the Lord of thieves and criminals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/sbr/sbe44/sbe44104.htm|title=Satapatha Brahmana Part V (SBE44): Thirteenth Kânda: XIII, 4, 3. Third Brâhmana (13.4.3.10)|website=www.sacred-texts.com|access-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> In the ''[[Manusmriti]]'', he becomes a respectable ''lokapala'' ("world protector") and the patron of merchants.<ref name = "S63">{{Harvnb|Sutherland|1991|p=63}}</ref> In the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'', Kubera is described as the son of ''[[Prajapati]]'' [[Pulastya]] and his wife Idavida, and the brother of sage [[Vishrava]]. Kubera is described as born from a cow. However, from the ''Purana''s, he is described as the grandson of Pulastya and the son of Vishrava and his wife [[Ilavida]] (or Ilivila or Devavarnini), daughter of the sage [[Bharadvaja]] or Trinabindu.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book|author = Mani, Vettam|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft|publisher = Motilal Banarsidass|year = 1975|location = Delhi|isbn = 0-8426-0822-2|pages = [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/434 434]–7}}</ref><ref name="Alain"/><ref name = "H142"/><ref name = "williams">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=George Mason|title=Handbook of Hindu mythology|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1-85109-650-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576071068/page/190 190–1]|chapter=Kubera|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576071068/page/190}}</ref>

By this time, though still described as an ''[[asura]]'', Kubera is offered prayers at the end of all ritual sacrifices.<ref name = "williams"/> His titles, such as "best of kings" and "Lord of kings" (The''[[Harivamsa]]'' indicates that Kubera is made "Lord of kings"), in contrast to the god-king of heaven, [[Indra]], whose title of "best of gods" led to the later belief that Kubera was a man. The early texts ''Gautama [[Dharmaśāstra|Dharmashastra]]'' and ''[[Apastamba]]'' describe him as a man. Only the ''[[Grhya Sutras#Grhya Sutras|Grihyasutra]]''s of Shankhayana and Hiranyakesin call him a god, and suggest offerings of meat, sesame seeds and flowers to him.<ref name="prakash"/><ref name = "H146">{{harvnb|Hopkins|1915|p=146}}</ref>

===Puranic and epic descriptions===

The ''Purana''s and the epics ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''[[Ramayana]]'' grant Kubera unquestioned godhood.<ref name="prakash" /> Kubera also acquired the status of the "Lord of riches" and the wealthiest Deva. He also becomes a ''lokapala'' ("world protector") and [[Guardians of the directions|guardian (''dikapala'') of the North direction]], although he is also sometimes associated with the East.<ref name="H142" /><ref name="williams" /> Kubera's status as a ''lokapala'' and a ''dikpala'' is assured in the ''Ramayana'', but in the ''Mahabharata'', some lists do not include Kubera. Thus, Kubera is considered a later addition to the original list of ''Loka-pala''s, where the gods [[Agni]] or [[Soma (deity)|Soma]] appear in his place.<ref>For Loka-palas, {{harvnb|Hopkins|1915|pp=149–52}}</ref> This status, the ''Ramayana'' records, was granted to Kubera by [[Brahma]]—the creator-god and father of Pulastya—as a reward for his severe penance. Brahma also conferred upon Kubera the riches of the world (''[[Nidhi]]s''), "equality with gods", and the [[Pushpaka Vimana]], a flying chariot. Kubera then ruled in the golden city of [[Lanka]], identified with modern-day [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name="Mani" /><ref name="Alain" /><ref name="H142" /> The ''Mahabharata'' says that Brahma conferred upon Kubera the lordship of wealth, friendship with Shiva, godhood, status as a world-protector, a son called ''Nalakubera''/''Nalakubara'', the Pushpaka Vimana and the lordship of the ''Nairrata'' demons.<ref name="H142" />

Both the ''Purana''s and the ''Ramayana'' feature the half-blood siblings of Kubera. Vishrava, Kubera's father, also married the ''[[rakshasa]]'' (demigod) princess [[Kaikesi]], who mothered four ''rakshasa'' children: [[Ravana]], the chief antagonist of the Ramayana, and his siblings, [[Kumbhakarna]], [[Vibhishana]], and [[Soorpanaka|Shurpanaka]].<ref name="Mani" /><ref name="williams" /> The ''Mahabharata'' regards Vishrava as the brother of Kubera, so Kubera is described as the uncle of Ravana and his siblings. It records that when Kubera approached Brahma for the favour of superseding his father Pulastya, Pulastya created Vishrava. To seek the favour of Vishrava, Kubera sent three women to him, by whom Vishrava begot his demon children.<ref name="H142" /><ref name="wilkins">{{cite book|last=Wilkins|first=W. J. |title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/hmvp/hmvp39.htm|year=1990|publisher=Sacred texts archive|pages=388–93|isbn=1-4021-9308-4}}</ref> Ravana, after acquiring a boon of Brahma, drove Kubera away from Lanka and seized his Pushpaka Vimana, which was returned to Kubera after Ravana's death. Kubera then settled on Gandhamandana mountain, near [[Mount Kailash]] – the abode of the god [[Shiva]]—in the [[Himalayas]]. Sometimes, Kailash itself is called Kubera's residence. His city is usually called [[Alaka]] or Alaka-puri ("curl-city"), but also ''Prabha'' ("splendour"), ''Vasudhara'' ("bejeweled") and ''Vasusthali'' ("abode of treasures").<ref name="Mani" /><ref name="Alain" /><ref name="H142" /><ref name="Madan">{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/65 65]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> There, Kubera had a grove called ''Caitraratha'', where the leaves were jewels and the fruits were girls of heaven. There is also a charming lake called ''Nalini'' in the grove.<ref name="H142" /><ref name="wilkins" /> Kubera is often described as a friend of Shiva in the epics.<ref name="knapp" /> The ''[[Padma Purana]]'' says that Kubera prayed to Shiva for many years, and Shiva granted him the kingship of yakshas.<ref name="Mani" />

[[File:Kubera, the God of Riches LACMA M.69.13.8 (1 of 9).jpg|thumb|left|An 11th century Kubera, [[Karnataka]].]]
A description of Kubera's magnificent court appears in the ''Mahabharata'' as well as the ''[[Meghaduta]]''. Here, gandharvas and [[apsara]]s entertain Kubera. Shiva and his wife [[Parvati]] often frequent Kubera's court, which is attended by semi-divine beings like the ''[[vidyadhara]]s''; ''[[Kimpurusha Kingdom|kimpurusha]]s''; rakshasas; ''[[pishacha]]s''; as well as Padma and Shankha; personified treasures (''[[nidhi]]''); and Manibhadra, Kubera's chief attendant and chief of his army. Like every world-protector, Kubera has seven seers of the North in residence. Alaka is recorded to be plundered by Ravana once, and attacked by the [[Pandava]] prince, [[Bhima]] once.<ref name="prakash" /><ref name="Mani" /><ref name="Alain" /><ref name="H142" /><ref name="H144">{{harvnb|Hopkins|1915|pp=144–5}}</ref> Kubera's ''Nairrata'' army is described to have defeated king Mucukunda, who then defeated them by the advice of his guru [[Vashishta]]. [[Shukra]], the preceptor of the asuras, is also recorded to have defeated Kubera and stolen his wealth.<ref name="H147" /><ref name="Mani" /> Another major tale in the scriptures records how Kubera entertained the sage [[Ashtavakra]] in his palace.<ref name="H147" /><ref name="Mani" />

Kubera is the treasurer of the gods, and the overlord of the semi-divine yakshas, the ''[[guhyaka]]''s, ''[[kinnara]]''s and gandharvas, who act as his assistants and protectors of the jewels of the earth, as well as guardians of his city. Kubera is also the guardian of travelers and the giver of wealth to individuals, who please him. The rakshasas also serve Kubera,<ref name="knapp">{{cite book|last=Knapp|first=Stephen |title=The Heart of Hinduism: The Eastern Path to Freedom, Empowerment and Illumination| year=2005|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=0-595-79779-2|pages=192–3}}</ref> however, some cannibalistic rakshasas are described to have sided with Ravana in the battle against Kubera.<ref name="H142" /> Kubera also developed as minor marriage-divinity. He is invoked with Shiva at weddings and is described as ''Kameshvara'' ("Lord of ''[[Kama]]'' – pleasure, desire etc.").<ref name="H148">{{harvnb|Hopkins|1915|p=148}}</ref> He is associated with fertility of the aquatic type.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutherland|1991|p=61}}</ref>

The ''Purana''s and the ''Mahabharata'' record that Kubera married [[Bhadra]] ("auspicious"), or Riddhi ("prosperity"), daughter of the [[Danava (Hinduism)|demon]] Mura. She is also called ''Yakshi'' – a female yaksha, ''Kauberi'' ("wife of Kubera") and ''Charvi'' ("splendour"). They had three sons: [[Nalakuvara|Nalakubara]] ("Reed-axle"), [[Manibhadra|Manigriva]] ("Bejewled-neck") or Varna-kavi ("Colourful poet"), and Mayuraja ("king of animals resembling men"); and a daughter called Minakshi ("fish-eyed").<ref name="knapp" /><ref name="Alain" /><ref name="wilkins" />

==Worship==
As the treasurer of the riches of the world, Kubera is prescribed to be worshipped. Kubera is also credited money to the deity [[Venkateshwara]] (a form of Vishnu) for his marriage with [[Alamelu|Padmavati]]. In remembrance of this, the reason devotees go to [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple|Tirupati]] to donate money in Venkateshwara's ''Hundi'' ("Donation pot"), is so that he can pay it back to Kubera.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fairs and Festivals of India|date=September 2006|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=81-223-0951-8|page=32}}</ref> He is also associated with [[Lakshmi]] for this reason, and is sometimes represented with her as Kubera Lakshmi.

While Kubera still enjoys prayers as the god of wealth, his role is largely taken by the god of wisdom, fortune and obstacle-removal, [[Ganesha]], with whom he is generally associated.<ref name="knapp"/><ref name = "williams"/>

==Beyond Hinduism==
{{Multiple image
| align =
| direction =
| total_width =
| image1 = Jambhala.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Jambhala, the Buddhist Kubera, depicted similar to Kubera
| image2 = Matanga Yaksha (God of Prosperity) Ellora Cave 32.jpg
| caption2 = Kubera on an elephant in the Jain caves of Ellora.
| width1 = 200
| width2 = 220
| image3 = Stamp of Indonesia - 1963 - Colnect 260592 - National Banking Day.jpeg
| caption3 = Indonesia often uses Hindu symbolism, such as Daneswara or Kuwera, to symbolise bank and wealth
}}
Kubera is also recognized outside India and outside Hinduism. Kubera is a popular figure in Buddhist and Jain mythology.<ref name = "Britannica">Kubera.(2010). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 08, 2010, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/324235/Kubera {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506144901/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/324235/Kubera |date=6 May 2015 }}</ref> The [[Oriental studies|orientalist]] Nagendra Kumar Singh remarked that, "Every [[Indian religion]] has a Kubera after the Hindu prototype."<ref name="jain"/>

=== Buddhism ===
{{see also|Jambhala|Vaiśravaṇa}}

Kubera is identified as the Buddhist Vaiśravaṇa (or Jambhala) and the Japanese Bishamon. The Buddhist Vaisravana, like the Hindu Kubera, is the regent of the North, a ''lokapala,'' and the Lord of yakshas. He is one of the [[Four Heavenly Kings]], who are each associated with a cardinal direction.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=Saroj Kumar|title=Hindu gods and goddesses in Japan |year=2003|publisher=Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd|isbn=81-7936-009-1|chapter=Chapter 2: Vaisravana, the Heavenly King}}</ref> In Buddhist legends, Kubera is also equated with [[Pañcika]], whose wife [[Hariti]] is a symbol of abundance.<ref>Sutherland pp. 63–4, 66</ref> A. Getty comments that the iconography of Kubera and Pancika is so similar that in certain cases it is extremely difficult to distinguish between them.<ref name = "Thomas">{{cite book|last=Donaldson|first=Thomas E. |title=Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa|year=2001|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=81-7017-406-6|pages=329–30|chapter=Jambhala/Pancika}}</ref> The Japanese Bishamon, also known as Tamon-Ten,<ref name=biswas184/> is one of the [[Twelve Devas|Jūni-ten]] (十二天), a group of twelve Hindu deities adopted in Buddhism as guardian deities (''[[deva (Buddhism)|deva]]'' or ''ten'') who are found in or around Buddhist shrines. The Juni-Ten group of twelve deities were created by adding four deities to the older grouping of Happou-Ten, the eight guardians of the directions. Bishamon rules over the north, like his Hindu counterpart Kubera.<ref name=biswas184>S Biswas (2000), Art of Japan, Northern, {{ISBN|978-8172112691}}, page 184</ref><ref>[http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100031/000/000?mode=detail&d_lang=en Twelve Heavenly Deities (Devas)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201634/http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100031/000/000?mode=detail&d_lang=en |date=4 March 2016 }} Nara National Museum, Japan</ref><ref>[[Adrian Snodgrass]] (2007), The Symbolism of the Stupa, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120807815}}, pages 120–124, 298–300</ref>

=== Jainism ===
In Jainism, Kubera is the attendant yaksha of the 19th [[Tirthankar]] [[Mallinath]].<ref name="jain">{{cite book|editor=Nagendra Kumar Singh|title=Encyclopaedia of Jainism|volume=1|year=2001|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|isbn=81-261-0691-3|page=7280}}</ref> He is usually called ''Sarvanubhuti'' or ''Sarvahna'', and may be depicted with four faces, rainbow colours and eight arms. The [[Digambara]] sect of Jainism gives him six weapons and three heads, while the [[Śvetāmbara]]s portray him with four to six arms and numerous choices of weapons. However, his attributes such as the money bag and citron fruit are consistent. He may ride a man or an elephant.<ref name="jain"/><ref name = "Jose">{{cite book|last=Pereira|first= José|title=Monolithic Jinas The Iconography of the Jain Temples of Ellora|year=1977|publisher=Motilal Banarsidas|isbn=0-8426-1027-8|pages=60–1}}</ref> He is related to the Buddhist Jambhala rather than the Hindu Kubera.<ref name = "Jose"/>
{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Hopkins |first=Edward Washburn|author-link=Edward Washburn Hopkins|title=Epic mythology |url=https://archive.org/stream/epicmythology00hopkuoft#page/n147/mode/2up/search/Kubera|year=1915|publisher=Strassburg K.J. Trübner|isbn=0-8426-0560-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Sutherland|first=Gail Hinich|title=The disguises of the demon: the development of the Yakṣa in Hinduism and Buddhism|year=1991|publisher=[[SUNY]] Press|isbn=0-7914-0622-9}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{HinduMythology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Lokapala]]
[[Category:Fortune gods]]
[[Category:Abundance gods]]
[[Category:Characters in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Yakshas]]
[[Category:Jain minor deities]]
[[Category:Vaiśravaṇa]]
[[Category:Mythological kings]]

Love, Lies and Seeta

2026-02-24T06:01:13Z

Saurabhoaoindia: new

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Love, Lies and Seeta
| image = Love Lies and Seeta - Poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Chandra Pemmaraju]]
| producer = Chandra Pemmaraju
| writer = Chandra Pemmaraju
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Melanie Kannokada]]
* [[Arjun Gupta (actor)|Arjun Gupta]]
* Lavrenti Lopes
* Michael Derek
}}
| music = Dan Omelia<br>Robopop<br>Wired Beats
| cinematography = Lukasz Pruchnik
| editing = Kenneth Fabritius
| studio =
| released = {{Film date|2012|02|19|[[India International Film Festival (IIFF) of Tampa Bay|IIFF, USA]]|2012|05|18|India|df=y}}
| country = United States
| language = English
| runtime = 100 minutes
}}
'''''Love, Lies and Seeta''''' is a 2012 [[Indian-American]] independent [[romantic comedy]] film written, produced, directed by [[Chandra Pemmaraju]]. Starring [[Melanie Kannokada]],<ref name="Kannokada">{{cite news|title=Love, Lies and Seetha - Performances dominate by Y. Sunita Chowdhary|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/love-lies-and-seetha-performances-dominate/article3436363.ece|accessdate=6 May 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=May 19, 2012}}</ref> [[Arjun Gupta (actor)|Arjun Gupta]], Lavrenti Lopes,<ref name="Lopes">{{cite news|title=Dreams Unlimited by Anita Aikara|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/dreams-unlimited/944359/0|accessdate=6 May 2014|newspaper=Indian Express|date=May 3, 2012}}</ref> Michael Derek, it is built around three distinctly different guys all of whom pine for the same beautiful girl. The movie premiered at the [[India International Film Festival (IIFF) of Tampa Bay]] in Florida and went on to play in various international film festivals before having a limited theatrical release in India on May 18, 2012, by Cinemax.<ref>{{cite news|title='Love Lies and Seeta' for India Int film festival|newspaper=The Times of India|date=February 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Love Lies and Seeta to Release in US on May 08 2012, through Big Cinemas.|newspaper=Idle Brain|date=May 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=There's something about Seeta|newspaper=The Hindu|date=December 11, 2011}}</ref> The film marks Melanie Kannokada's debut as lead in a feature film.

==Cast==
* [[Melanie Kannokada]] as Seeta<ref name="Kannokada"/>
* [[Arjun Gupta (actor)|Arjun Gupta]] as Rahul
* Lavrenti Lopes as Bhavuk
* Michael Derek as Tom
* Ryan Vigilant as [[Tom Cruise]]
* Leah Kavita as Ramya
* Caroline Korale as Caroline
* Aaron Katter as Bud
* Daniel Wilkinson as Young John McKinsey, and
* Rob Byrnes as John McKinsey

==Production==
The film was shot completely in [[Manhattan]] and [[Brooklyn]] in NYC with an ensemble Indian American cast. The movie was produced in [[low-budget film|micro-budget]] and shot on location using [[sync sound]]. The movie is first of its kind where it was funded and supported by film enthusiasts. By using crowd sourcing method the producers raised all the money for its production.<ref>{{cite news|title=Love Lies and Seeta|newspaper=Idle Brain, Hyderabad|date=April 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="Love Lies and Seeta": A unique event showcasing the making of an independent film|newspaper=TiE New York Fostering Entrepreneurship Globally|date=May 21, 2011}}</ref>

===Music===
The film features original music by various Independent musicians including Robopop, Timblane, New Life Crisis, Matt Hartke, La Dauphine and Wiredbeats.

==Release==
On May 18, 2012, Cinemax Motion Pictures Pvt Ltd, India released the film theatrically on a limited basis in the Indian sub-continent.<ref>{{cite news|title=Love Lies and Seeta is releasing on May 18th, 2012|newspaper=The India Post|date=May 6, 2012}}</ref> The film will be distributed by NYC based [[The Vladar Company]] in digital North American regions.

==Critical reception==

The film received mixed reviews. Y. Sunita Chowdhary from ''[[The Hindu]]'' called it "a reasonably engaging watch".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Y Sunita |first1=Chowdhary |title=Love, Lies and Seetha - Performances dominate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/love-lies-and-seetha-performances-dominate/article3436363.ece |accessdate=14 June 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=18 May 2001}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the movie a rating of 1 out of 5 and said that, "Director of this Indie-film, Chandra Pemmaraju, set out to make a love story against the backdrop of an electrifying NYC, but ended up with a film which reminds you of a bad episode of an American sitcom".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/movie-reviews/love-lies-and-seeta/movie-review/13261937.cms |title=Love, Lies and Seeta Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Blessy Chettiar of [[DNA India]] gave the film a rating of 1 out of 5 and said that, "Love Lies and Seeta could have been a commendable indie effort. The lack of a watertight screenplay and very casual treatment reduces it to one of those amateur film school projects."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-love-lies-and-seeta-is-like-an-amateur-film-school-project-1690304 |title=Review: 'Love Lies and Seeta' is like an amateur film school project |publisher=[[DNA India]]}}</ref> ''Bollywood Life'' criticized the acting as well as execution of the film and said that, "Actors are uncomfortable and lack energy, making the film boring".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/love-lies-and-seeta-movie-review-sloppy-and-slow/ |title=Love, Lies and Seeta movie review: Sloppy and slow |date=18 May 2012 |publisher=Bollywood Life}}</ref>

==Accolades==
''Love Lies and Seeta'' was the closing night feature at the [[India International Film Festival (IIFF) of Tampa Bay]] in Florida in February 2012, and was opening night feature film in [http://www.aobff.org Art of Brooklyn International Film Festival] in NY, August 2012. It played in various film festivals such as, NewFilmmakers Film Festival, New York; Riverside International Film Festival, CA; won the Award of Merit in Indie Fest, US; Won an Honorary Mention Award in Los Angeles New Wave Indie Fest<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners and Nominees|url=http://lanewwave.com/Fall_2011_Winners_2.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140506124207/http://lanewwave.com/Fall_2011_Winners_2.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 6, 2014|publisher=New Wave Indie Fest}}</ref> and was a part of NFDC Film Bazaar at International Film Festival of India, Goa. The movie also played in Mumbai Film market and was nominated for the Best Film, Best Direction, Best Cinematography and Best Actor categories at the World Music & Independent Film Festival 2012, Washington D.C.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chandra Pemmaraju's American Indie "Love Lies and Sita" garners another six international accolades|newspaper=WBRI USA|date=August 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Love Lies and Seeta gets another six international accolades|newspaper=The Times of India|date=August 6, 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.llsmovie.com}}
* {{IMDb title|id=1862047|title=Love, Lies and Seeta}}

[[Category:Films set in 2010]]
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:Films about Indian Americans]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]
[[Category:2012 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2012 English-language films]]
[[Category:2012 American films]]

Moonamchery Michal

2026-02-20T18:53:11Z

Saurabhoaoindia: updated details

{{short description|Omani cricketer (born 1983)}}
{{Notability|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Sindo Michael
| image =
| country = Oman
| fullname = Sindo Michael Moonamchery Veedu
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|5|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]]
| role =

| international = true
| internationalspan = 2015–2022

| oneodi =
| odidebutdate =
| odidebutyear =
| odidebutagainst =
| odicap =
| lastodidate =
| lastodiyear =
| lastodiagainst =

| T20Idebutdate =
| T20Idebutyear =
| T20Idebutagainst =
| T20Icap =
| lastT20Idate =
| lastT20Iyear =
| lastT20Iagainst =

| date = 24 April 2019
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/937961.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Sindo Michael''' (born 18 May 1983) is an Indian-born [[cricket]]er who played for the [[Oman national cricket team]].<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/937961.html |title=Sindo Michael |access-date=19 February 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for Oman against [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]] on 19 February 2019, following the [[2018–19 Oman Quadrangular Series]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1173596.html |title=1st Match, Scotland tour of Oman at Al Amarat, Feb 19 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref> Earlier, he was named in Oman's squad for the [[2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/1167676.html |title=Oman Under-23s Squad |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 December 2018}}</ref> In March 2019, he was named in Oman's team for the [[2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two]] tournament in Namibia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omancricket.org/oman-confident-winning-odi-status-finishing-among-top-four-icc-wcl-two/ |title=Oman confident of winning ODI status by finishing among top four in ICC WCL Two |work=Oman Cricket |access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref> He made his highest score, 34, against Scotland, on 22 February 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=Oman vs Scotland, 3rd Match at Al Amarat, SCO in Oman, Feb 22 2019 - Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/scotland-tour-of-oman-2018-19-1172487/oman-vs-scotland-3rd-match-1173598/full-scorecard |access-date=21 October 2025 |website=www.espncricinfo.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=937961}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Michael, Sindo}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Thrissur]]
[[Category:Omani cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Oman]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Oman]]

{{Oman-cricket-bio-stub}}

Ganesha Chalisa

2026-02-15T17:16:09Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Made the bio w/ infobox

{{Short description|Hindu hymn dedicated to Ganesha}}
{{Unreferenced|date=July 2024}}

The '''Ganesha Chalisa''' ({{Langx|awa|गणेश चालीसा|lit=forty quatrains on Ganesha|translit=Gaṇeśa Chālisā}}) is a [[Hindu]] devotional hymn (''[[stotra]]'') addressed to the deity [[Ganesh|Ganesha]]. It consists of forty ''[[Chaupai (poetry)|chaupais]]'' (quatrain verses in Indian poetry). It is written in the [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] language. The Ganesha Chalisa's author is Ram Sunder Prabhu Das, which is mentioned in hymn, but [[Tulsidas]], a well-known poet, and saint who lived in the 16th century CE, is also commonly thought to have written it.

Each of the forty verses of the ''Ganesha Chalisa'' conveys one particular form of blessing and, depending on the ''[[bhava]]'' or ''[[Shradda#Faith is not blind|shraddha]]'' (faith and devotion) of the devotee, how the fruits of the particular verse are attained.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Ganesh Chaturthi]]

==External links==
{{wikisourcelang|1|गणेशचालीसा|गणेशचालीसा (Ganesh Chalisa)}}
{{wikisource|Ganesh Chalisa|English translation of Ganesh Chalisa}}

[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language literature]]
[[Category:Hindu music]]
[[Category:Ganesha]]

Galla Ramachandra Naidu

2026-02-07T19:16:17Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Made initial pg and citations

{{Short description|Indian businessman}}
{{family name hatnote|Galla|lang=Telugu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Galla Ramachandra Naidu
| image = Galla Ramachandra Naidu.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh|Chittoor]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[INDIA]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1938|06|10}}
| occupation = [[Industrialist]]
| spouse = [[Aruna Kumari Galla]]
| children = Ramadevi Gourineni<br />[[Jay Galla|Jayadev Galla]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.amararaja.com}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Galla Ramachandra Naidu''' (born 10 June 1938) is an Indian industrialist, the founder and former chairman of the [[Amara Raja Group]] of companies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amararaja.co.in/management_team.asp |title=Amara Raja – Media – Management Team |access-date=9 September 2010 |archive-date=5 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105203545/https://amararaja.co.in/management_team.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is married to [[Galla Aruna Kumari]], an ex.minister in the [[Andhra Pradesh]] state government.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/global/2009/0302/022_charge.html Charge! - Forbes]</ref>

== Personal life ==
Galla was born on 10 June 1938, to Galla Gangulu Naidu and Galla Mangamma in the village of Petamitta in [[Chittoor District]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], in south-eastern India. Galla Ramachandra Naidu is married to [[Galla Aruna Kumari]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumari |first=A. Aruna |display-authors=etal |date=2017 |title=Integration of Oil Markets In India |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijasraug20177 |journal=International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=49–58 |doi=10.24247/ijasraug20177 |issn=2250-0057|doi-access=free }}</ref> the daughter of Sri [[Paturi Rajagopala Naidu]]. He has two children Ramadevi and [[Galla Jayadev]].

== Career ==

He did his bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur]], then took a master's degree from the University of Roorkee (Now [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee|IIT Roorkee]]), now in Uttarakhand and a second master's degree at [[Michigan State University]]. After leaving Michigan, he worked as an Electrical Engineer for Sargent & Lundy a consulting engineers firm engaged in the design of Fossil and nuclear Power projects. He returned to India in the 1980s, when he founded [[Amara Raja Group]] in Chittoor; the group spun off a number of subsidiaries, including Galla Foods and Mangal Precision Products. The group currently has an annual turnover of Rs. 6000 crore, approximately US$1000 million.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amararaja.co.in/fin_results.asp |title=Financial Results |access-date=9 September 2010 |archive-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304020436/https://amararaja.co.in/fin_results.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1998, he was awarded the Hyderabad Management Association's Entrepreneur of the Year award. In 2007 he was awarded an [[honorary doctorate]] from [[Sri Venkateswara University]] (Tirupati) and in 2008 an honorary doctorate from the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]].

== Charitable work ==



Galla has established a number of charitable trusts. They include the Krishna Devaraya Educational & Cultural Association, which provides educational scholarships to poor students in higher education, and the Rajanna Trust and Mangal Trust, which works on providing accessible water supplies to villages, and also help a lot of poor people.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galla Ramachandra Naidu}}
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Sri Venkateswara University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Chittoor district]]
[[Category:Amara Raja Group]]

Shaktigarh, Uttarakhand

2026-01-31T19:15:25Z

Saurabhoaoindia: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Udham Singh Nagar district]]
{{R from merge}}{{R from alternative transliteration}}

Panjgrain Kalan

2026-01-15T12:18:14Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Put Up Entry - done

{{short description|Village in Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panjgrain Kalan
| other_name = ਪੰਜਗਰਾਂਈ ਕਲਾਂ
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{Coord|30.609172|74.914765|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = Gram panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 10663
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 151207
| registration_plate = PB
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kotkapura
| website =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| blank2_name_sec1 =
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gram panchayat]]
}}
'''Panjgrain Kalan''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਪੰਜਗਰਾਂਈ ਕਲਾਂ) is a village located in the [[Kotkapura]] tehsil of [[Faridkot district]] in the Indian state of [[Punjab]].

== Demographics ==
The Village has a population of 10663 of which 5580 are males while 5083 are females as per the census of 2011. Total geographical area of the village is about 2913 hectares.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Faridkot |first=DIstrict Census Handbook |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 |publisher=DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS PUNJAB |year=2011 |pages=62 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Panjgrain Kalan Village Population - Faridkot - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35588-panjgrain-kalan-punjab.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> The postal code of the village is 151207.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Panj Grain Kalan Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of Panj Grain Kalan, Faridkot, Punjab, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/punjab/faridkot/panj-grain-kalan |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==

* Govt. Senior Secondary School (Girls).<ref>{{Cite web |title=GSSS (G) PANJ GRAIN KALAN - Panjgrain Kalan District Faridkot (Punjab) |url=https://schools.org.in/faridkot/03130210805/gsss-g-panj-grain-kalan.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]

Abdullah Haroon

2026-01-03T00:19:42Z

Saurabhoaoindia: general rework content for clarity and improved wording

{{short description|Pakistan movement leader (1872-1942)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
|image = Abdullah Haroon.jpg
|image_size =
|alt =
| honorific-prefix = [[Sir]]
|birth_name = Abdullah Haroon ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|عبداللہ ہارون}}}})
|birth_date = {{Birth-date|1872}}
|birth_place = [[Karachi]], British India
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1942|4|27|1872}}
|death_place = [[Karachi]], British India
|death_cause =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|other_names =
|known_for = Politics ([[Pakistan Movement]] leader), Philanthropy
|education =
|alma_mater =
|spouse = [[Lady Abdullah Haroon]]
|children = [[Yusuf Haroon]], [[Mahmoud Haroon]], and [[Zeenat Haroon Rashid]]
|parents =
|awards =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Sir Abdullah Haroon''' (1 January 1872 – 27 April 1942) ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|عبداللہ ہارون}}}}) (also spelled Seth Haji Sir Abdoola Haroon) was a British Indian [[politician]] and [[businessman]] who made major contributions towards developing and defining the role of [[Muslim]]s in economic, educational, social and political fields in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name=Dawn2/>

==Early life and political career==
Abdullah Haroon was born into a [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] [[Memon people|Memon]] family in 1872 at [[Karachi]], [[British India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33AMAQAAMAAJ&q=Abdullah+Hussain+Haroon+Sindhi |title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=2007 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |pages=110 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88guEAAAQBAJ&q=Abdullah+Hussain+Haroon&pg=PT386 |title=The Frontier Gandhi: My Life and Struggle: The Autobiography of Abdul Ghaffar Khan |date=2021-02-01 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-81-949691-8-1 |language=en |quote=Haji Sir Abdullah Haroon was a wealthy businessman and philanthropist from belonged to the Memon trading community of Karachi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Soomro |first=Faiz Mohammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yAwNAAAAIAAJ&q=Abdullah+Hussain+Haroon+Sindhi |title=Cultural History of Sind |date=1977 |publisher=National Book Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref name=cybercity/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gma.org.pk/content.php?page=3|title=History of Memons - GONDAL MEMON ASSOCIATION|website=gma.org.pk|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019010821/http://gma.org.pk/content.php?page=3|url-status=dead}}</ref> He lost his father at an early age of four and was raised by his grandmother who was a deeply religious lady. Early in his life, he worked as an 'assistant bicycle repairman' for 4 annas (quarter of an Indian rupee). He deeply believed in the dignity of labor. Then in 1896, at the age of 24, he started his own business as a small merchant in Karachi. He soon became very successful and was called Sindh's 'Sugar King' by his contemporaries due to his business trades in sugar.<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn2/><ref name=TFT>{{cite news | url=https://thefridaytimes.com/18-Nov-2016/sindh-s-sugar-king |title=Sindh's Sugar King |date=18 November 2016|newspaper=The Friday Times newspaper (E-Paper Archives)|access-date=24 February 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224192718/https://thefridaytimes.com/18-Nov-2016/sindh-s-sugar-king|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1913, he developed an interest in politics. He first became a member of the Karachi Municipality from May 1913 to September 1916. Again, he was a member of this body from 1 May 1921 to 21 August 1934.<ref name=Dawn/>

Abdullah Haroon first joined the [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1917 and started to participate in the [[Independence movement]] of India. He was elected as a member of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] in 1924 and then re-elected twice in 1930 and 1934.<ref name=cybercity/>

Soon he was disenchanted with the policies of the [[Congress party of India]] and joined the [[All-India Muslim League]] and remained its strong supporter till his death. In 1919, he became president of the Khilafat Committee of Sindh, a branch of the larger [[Khilafat Movement]] of India under the leadership of [[Muhammad Ali Jouhar]].<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn2/><ref name=Dawn/>

He also served as president of the Sindh Provincial [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] from 1920 to 1930.<ref name=Dawn2/>

In 1930, he attended the All-India Muslim Conference and in the same year, he formed the [[Sind United Party]] on the pattern of the [[Unionist Party (Punjab)]] which called for the separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency, which actually materialised in April 1936 after the enactment of the [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act, 1935]]. Abdullah Haroon joined the [[All-India Muslim League]] in 1937.<ref name=Dawn/> Although his party won a plurality of seats in the 1937 provincial elections, it was not able to form the government as its leaders like Haroon and Sir [[Shah Nawaz Bhutto]] failed to be elected. He was knighted by King [[George VI]] in the 1937 Coronation Honours list and came to be known as Sir Abdullah Haroon.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34396 |supp=y|page=3077|date=11 May 1937}} (name listed as Seth Haji Abdoola Haroon)</ref>

Meanwhile the decline of the Sind United Party led him to organize the [[All India Muslim League|Muslim League]] in [[Sindh]] in 1938 and he was elected its president in 1939.<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn2/>

In October 1938, with the help of [[Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi]] and Pir [[Ali Muhammad Rashidi]], he organised the First Sind Provincial Muslim League Conference in Karachi, with [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] presiding. Participation in this conference was from all over India. Haroon headed the Reception Committee and his welcome address, which set the tone for the conference, was considered quite radical at the time. His warning was that, "We have nearly arrived at the parting of the ways and...it will be impossible to save India from being divided into Hindu India and Muslim India, both placed under separate federation". This also prepared the ground for adoption of the [[Lahore Resolution]] in March 1940. He also spoke at this historic event and endorsed the resolution.<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn/>

Abdullah Haroon also was a member of the Muslim League Working Committee that drafted and endorsed the '[[Pakistan Resolution]]' on behalf of all Muslims of Sindh at the 27th Session of the Muslim League at [[Lahore]] on 23 March 1940.<ref name=cybercity/><ref name=Dawn2>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1478674 |author=Muhammad Ali Siddiqi|date=27 April 2019|title=The Haroon story|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
Abdullah Haroon died on 27 April 1942 in [[Karachi]].<ref name=Dawn2/><ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1178378 |title= Leader with vision (Abdullah Haroon)|newspaper= Dawn newspaper|author=Sharif al Mujahid|date= 27 April 2015|access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref> He had donated ten thousand rupees to the Muslim League at [[Allahabad]] in 1942. He was a philanthropist and active in social welfare projects throughout his life and contributed to many charitable institutions. According to [[Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust]], ..."he had given away a princely sum of Rs 88,961 to charities, which would be equivalent to about Rs 10 million today".<ref name=Dawn2/>

The [[Pakistan Post]] issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honour in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.<ref name=cybercity>{{cite web|url=http://www.cybercity-online.net/pof/sir_abdullah_haroon.html|url-status=dead|title=Sir Abdullah Haroon profile|website=Cybercity.net website|archive-date=19 March 2011|access-date=5 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319172753/http://www.cybercity-online.net/pof/sir_abdullah_haroon.html}}</ref>

Abdullah Haroon was widely considered to be so honest in his conduct with people that even [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
had remarked about him, "I will trust this man with a blank cheque".<ref name=Dawn2/>

There is a major street named after him in [[Saddar]], Karachi called [[Abdullah Haroon Road]]. Its former name was Victoria Road and an official residence of [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], [[State Guest House (Pakistan)|10 Victoria Road]], was located there.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1513262 |author=Peerzada Salman|date=28 October 2019|title=This week 50 years ago: Victoria to Abdullah Haroon Road and fair price shops|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgJuAAAAMAAJ&q=Abdullah+Haroon |title=Pakistan (Karachi) pages 82, 123 and 124|website=Google Books website|year=1980|publisher=Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pakistan Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haroon, Abdullah}}
[[Category:1872 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:All-India Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Indian Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Memon people]]
[[Category:Haroon family|Abdullah]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from British India]]

Oil India FC

2026-01-01T09:23:40Z

Saurabhoaoindia:

{{Short description|Indian association football club}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Oil India
| nickname =
| image = Oil India Logo.svg
| image_size =
| fullname = Oil India Football Club Duliajan
| short name = OIL, OILFC
| founded = {{start date and age|1964}}
| ground = [[Nehru Maidan, Duliajan|Nehru Maidan]]<ref name=OILDuliajanOne>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/duliajanone/sports-of-duliajan/oil-india-fc|title=DuliajanOne - OIL India FC|access-date=5 December 2021|archive-date=18 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218122615/https://sites.google.com/site/duliajanone/sports-of-duliajan/oil-india-fc|url-status=live}}</ref>
| capacity = 10,000
| owner = [[Oil India]]
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = Mintu Boro
| league = Guwahati Premier Football League
| season =
| position =
| pattern_b1 = _vneckwhite
| pattern_la1 = 10blue
| pattern_ra1 = 10blue
| pattern_sh1 = FFFFFF
| pattern_so1 = 10blue
| leftarm1 = 0000FF
| body1 = 0000FF
| rightarm1 = 0000FF
| shorts1 = 1A1A1A
| socks1 = 1A1A1A
| pattern_la2=
| pattern_b2 = _vneckwhite
| pattern_ra2 =
| leftarm2 = FF0000
| body2 = FF0000
| rightarm2 = FF0000
| shorts2 = 1A1A1A
| socks2 = 1A1A1A
| website =
|}}

'''Oil India Football Club''', also known as '''Oil India Limited FC''' or simply '''Oil India FC''', is an Indian institutional [[association football|football]] club based in [[Duliajan]], [[Assam]].<ref name=OILDuliajanOne/> The club was founded by [[Oil India]] in 1964.<ref name=OILDuliajanOne/> It also participated in [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]], then second tier football tournament of [[Indian football league system]], for three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/oil-to-field-team-in-i-league/cid/1444904|title=OIL to field team in I-League|accessdate=26 August 2021|work=telegraphindia.com|archive-date=26 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826113625/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/oil-to-field-team-in-i-league/cid/1444904}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/71/2010043020100430224350445e3d83fa1/Jotin-heads-in-HAL%E2%80%99s-points-.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707213242/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/71/2010043020100430224350445e3d83fa1/Jotin-heads-in-HAL%E2%80%99s-points-.html |archive-date=2011-07-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Oil India FC was nominated by the [[Assam Football Association]] for [[2021 I-League Qualifiers]], but didn't make it to the final list approved by the [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/states-nominate-29-teams-for-i-league-qualifiers-aiff-to-select-10/articleshow/85019932.cms|title=States nominte 29 teams for I-League Qualifiers, AIFF to select 10|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222045957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/states-nominate-29-teams-for-i-league-qualifiers-aiff-to-select-10/articleshow/85019932.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The club is a regular participant in major tournaments of the state include Guwahati Premier Football League, [[Bordoloi Trophy]], [[All India Independence Day Cup]], [[ATPA Shield]] and [[Oil India Challenge Gold Cup|Oil India Gold Cup]]. It previously competed in the top division [[Assam State Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forum.indianfootballnetwork.com/discussion/694/assam-state-premier-league|title=Assam State Premier League|website=www.forum.indianfootballnetwork.com|access-date=11 April 2023|archive-date=11 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411135203/https://forum.indianfootballnetwork.com/discussion/694/assam-state-premier-league|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
Oil India FC is sponsored by the public sector giant [[Oil India Ltd]], as well as [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas]]. The club was set up in 1964 at [[Duliajan]] in upper Assam, although some administrative facilities are located in [[Dibrugarh]]. They took part in the first three editions of [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]. In [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010 edition]], Oil India FC had progressed to final round but failed to qualify for the top tier.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=1192 |title=The AIFF |access-date=2010-02-26 |archive-date=2011-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004031900/http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=1192 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The club is considered to be one of the top teams from the [[North East India]].

==Stadium==
Oil India FC plays its home matches at [[Nehru Maidan, Duliajan|Nehru Maidan]] located in [[Duliajan]]. It has the capacity of 10,000 spectators and owned by [[Oil India Ltd]] itself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/7th-oil-india-challenge-gold-cup-aseb-champions|title=7th Oil India Challenge Gold Cup: ASEB champions!|website=sportskeeda.com|access-date=15 November 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115123122/https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/7th-oil-india-challenge-gold-cup-aseb-champions|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Current squad==
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Arup Baruah}}
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Fwidan Borgayary}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Sishuram Chutia|other=[[Captain (association football)|Captain]]}}
{{Fs player|no=5|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Mandila Rongmei}}
{{Fs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Kapil Boro}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Rahul Das}}
{{Fs player|no=8|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sagar Hang Limboo}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Aman Chetri}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Geremsha Basumatary}}
{{Fs player|no=32|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Manash Protim Gogoi}}
{{Fs player|no=13|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sangson Saikia}}
{{Fs player|no=14|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Sunil Murmu}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=15|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Akrang Narzary}}
{{Fs player|no=18|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=William Gangte}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Sirandeep Moran}}
{{Fs player|no=21|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Nihal Das}}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Tupu Brahma}}
{{Fs player|no=25|nat=IND|pos=|name=Tulya Das}}
{{Fs player|no=26|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Basudav Baruah}}
{{Fs player|no=29|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Deepjyoti Daimary}}
{{Fs player|no=30|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Sudem Wary}}
{{Fs player|no=31|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Abinash Mech}}
{{Fs end}}

==Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:center"
|-
!Period
!Kit manufacturer
!Title sponsor
|-
|
| [[Nivia Sports]]
| Oil India Ltd.
|}

==Honours==
:''This is a list of honours for the Oil India FC:''

===League===
*'''[[Assam State Premier League]]'''
**{{Gold1}} Champions (1): 2011–12
**{{Silver2}} Runners-up (2): 2008–09, 2010–11
*'''Assam Club Championship'''
**{{Gold1}} Champions (3): 2002, 2003, 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/afl.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026052624/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/afl.html |archive-date=2020-10-26 |title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Assam Club Football Championship|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref>
**{{Silver2}} Runners-up (3): 1997, 2004, 2006

===Cup===
*'''[[Bordoloi Trophy]]'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners (5):<ref name="List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Bordoloi Trophy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/bordoloitrophy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022051613/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/bordoloitrophy.html |archive-date=2020-10-22 |title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Bordoloi Trophy|access-date=3 December 2016 |work=indianfootball.de}}</ref> 1990, 2008, 2012, 2019,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thenewsmill.com/2019/10/oil-india-beats-aseb-in-penalty-shootout-to-win-66th-bordoloi-trophy-in-guwahati/|title=Oil India beats ASEB in penalty shootout to win 66th Bordoloi Trophy in Guwahati|website=www.thenewsmill.com|access-date=13 November 2022|archive-date=13 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113065221/https://thenewsmill.com/2019/10/oil-india-beats-aseb-in-penalty-shootout-to-win-66th-bordoloi-trophy-in-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref> 2023<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thenewsmill.com/2023/04/oil-wins-bordoloi-trophy-football-tournament/|title=OIL wins Bordoloi Trophy football tournament|date=5 April 2023|work=thenewsmill.com|access-date=5 April 2023|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405053919/https://thenewsmill.com/2023/04/oil-wins-bordoloi-trophy-football-tournament/|url-status=live}}</ref>
**{{SilverMedal}} Runners-up (4): 1979, 2003, 2018, 2021
*'''[[ATPA Shield]]'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners (8):<ref name="List of Winners/Runners-Up of the ATPA Shield">{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/atpashield.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-up of the ATPA Shield|access-date=2 December 2016|website=indianfootball.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023065152/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/atpashield.html|archive-date=23 October 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/oil-india-triumph/cid/1401260|title=Oil India triumph|website=telegraphindia.com|access-date=3 March 2022|archive-date=3 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303095655/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/oil-india-triumph/cid/1401260|location=Jorhat|date=11 November 2016|publisher=The Telegraph India}}</ref> 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
**{{SilverMedal}} Runners-up (3): 2000, 2007, 2022
*'''[[All India Independence Day Cup]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's football past gasping for survival |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-s-football-past-gasping-for-survival/story-8cGyA03MIB3ay2LCflkcWJ.html |date=25 March 2018 |website=hindustantimes.com |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |last=Sarkar |first=Dhiman |location=Kolkata |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106201153/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-s-football-past-gasping-for-survival/story-8cGyA03MIB3ay2LCflkcWJ.html }}</ref>
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners (8):<ref name="List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Independence Day Cup">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/independencedaycup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-up of the Independence Day Cup|accessdate=19 August 2021 |work=indianfootball.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503074159/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/independencedaycup.html|archive-date=3 May 2018}}</ref> 1976, 1977, 1994, 2004, 2005, 2016, 2022, 2023
**{{SilverMedal}} Runners-up (6): 1979, 1990, 2002, 2003, 2008–09, 2013
*'''[[Bodousa Cup]]'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners (4): 2010, 2015, 2020,<ref name="Oil India Duliajan emerge champs">{{Cite web|first=Avik|last=Chakraborty|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/oil-india-duliajan-emerge-champs/cid/1393059|title=Oil India Duliajan emerge champs|date=11 August 2015|access-date=4 December 2021|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022516/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/oil-india-duliajan-emerge-champs/cid/1393059|archive-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assamtribune.com/oil-india-fc-clinch-bodousa-cup|title=Oil India FC clinch Bodousa Cup|access-date=4 December 2021|website=The Assam Tribune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204022522/https://assamtribune.com/oil-india-fc-clinch-bodousa-cup|date=15 September 2010|archive-date=4 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> 2023
**{{SilverMedal}} Runners-up (1)
*'''[[Kalinga Cup]]'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners (1): 2006
*'''Amba Medhi Football Tournament'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners (1): 2001<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ambamedhicup.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023092151/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ambamedhicup.html |archive-date=2020-10-23 |title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Amba Medhi Cup|access-date=5 September 2022 |work=indianfootball.de}}</ref>
**{{SilverMedal}} Runners-up (1): 2008
*'''[[Bodoland Martyrs Gold Cup]]'''
**{{SilverMedal}} Runners-up (1): 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/mohammedan-sporting-lift-bodoland-gold-cup/articleshow/66799180.cms|title=Mohammedan Sporting lift Bodoland Gold Cup|access-date=25 September 2022|website=timesofindia.com|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925065311/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/mohammedan-sporting-lift-bodoland-gold-cup/articleshow/66799180.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Bodoland Gallants Gold Cup'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners: 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/oil-india-fc-lift-bodoland-gallants-gold-cup-trophy/|title=Oil India FC lift Bodoland Gallants Gold Cup trophy|access-date=7 September 2022|website=sentinelassam.com|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907034315/https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/oil-india-fc-lift-bodoland-gallants-gold-cup-trophy/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''[[Oil India Challenge Gold Cup]]'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Champions (3): 2005,<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/oilgoldcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the OIL Challenge Gold Cup|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026182609/http://indianfootball.de/data/oilgoldcup.html|archive-date=26 October 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2008,<ref name=oigc200809>{{cite web|date=12 January 2009|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/oil-india-club-lift-trophy/cid/510574|title=Oil India club lift trophy|work=Telegraph|accessdate=25 October 2025}}</ref> 2009,<ref name=oigc2009>{{cite web|date=11 November 2009|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/oil-sink-cops-retain-glitter/cid/578193|title=OIL sink cops, retain glitter|work=Telegraph|accessdate=25 October 2025}}</ref>
**{{SilverMedal}} Runners-up (3): 2006, 2007, 2012
*'''Sohanlal Dugar Shield'''<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/shohanlaldugarshield.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Sohanlal Dugar Shield|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202055544/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/shohanlaldugarshield.html|archive-date=2 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners (2): 1975, 1997
**{{SilverMedal}} Runners-up (3): 2002, 2014, 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/assam-rifles-win/cid/1396268|title=Assam Rifles win|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph|first=Pranab Kumar|last=Das|date=29 September 2015|access-date=6 February 2023|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206203127/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/assam-rifles-win/cid/1396268}}</ref>

===Others===
*'''All-India Petroleum Sports Control Board Inter-unit Championship'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arunava|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/petroleumtrophy.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the All-India Petroleum Sports Control Board Trophy|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=2008|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503074529/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/petroleumtrophy.html|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**Champions (3): 2001, 2006, 2007
**Runners-up (4): 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009
*'''Swargadeo Sarbananda Singha Memorial Trophy'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners: 2010,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assamtribune.com/oil-india-emerge-champions|title=Oil India emerge champions|access-date=9 September 2022|website=assamtribune.com|archive-date=9 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909050905/https://assamtribune.com/oil-india-emerge-champions|url-status=live}}</ref> 2021
*'''Naroram Barman Memorial Trophy'''
**[[File:Simple cup icon.svg|16px]] Winners: 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oil-india.com/Document/Publication/OIL_News_Vol_43_No_6.pdf|title=OIL NEWS|access-date=26 October 2022|work=oil-india.com|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026120745/https://www.oil-india.com/Document/Publication/OIL_News_Vol_43_No_6.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 2022

==See also==
* [[List of football clubs in India#Assam|List of football clubs in Assam]]
* [[Assam Football Association]]
* [[ONGC FC]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/71/2010043020100430224350445e3d83fa1/Jotin-heads-in-HAL%E2%80%99s-points-.html |title=Jotin heads in HAL's points |date=30 April 2010 |website=bangaloremirror.com |publisher=Bangalore Mirror |location=Bengaluru |access-date=2 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707213242/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/71/2010043020100430224350445e3d83fa1/Jotin-heads-in-HAL%E2%80%99s-points-.html |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}

== External links ==
* [http://www.oil-india.com Official site of Oil India Ltd.]
* [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/oil-india/10634/ Oil India FC] at Soccerway
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/club/8033 Oil India FC] at ''the-aiff.com'' ([[All India Football Federation|AIFF]])
*[https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/oil-india-limited-fc/20484/ Oil India FC] at Global Sports Archive

{{Assam State Premier League}}
{{Football in Assam}}

[[Category:Association football clubs established in 1964]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Assam]]
[[Category:Dibrugarh district]]
[[Category:I-League clubs]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Works football clubs in India]]
[[Category:I-League 2 clubs]]

Mahmood Shah Bahmani II

2025-12-22T06:22:09Z

Saurabhoaoindia: page.

{{Short description|Sultan of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1482 to 1518}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{more footnotes|date=October 2016}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| type = sultan
| name = Mahmood Shah Bahmani II
| more =
| image =
| caption =
| succession = 14th [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani Sultan]]
| reign = 26 March 1482 – 27 December 1518
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Muhammad Shah Lashkari]]
| successor = [[Ahmed Shah Bahmani II]]
| full name = Shihab-Ud-Din Mahmud
| house =
| spouse=
| father = Muhammad Shah Lashkari
| mother =
| birth_date = 1470
| birth_place =
| death_date = 27 December 1518
| religion = [[Islam]]
}}

'''Mahmood Shah''' (1470 – 27 December 1518) or '''Shihab-Ud-Din Mahmud''' was the sultan of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] from 1482 until his death in 1518. His long rule is noted for the disintegration of the sultanate and the creation of the independent [[Deccan sultanates]].

== Reign ==
{{See also|Krishnadevaraya's Bahamani Expedition}}
Mahmood was born about 1470 the son of [[Muhammad Shah Lashkari]]. He ascended the throne at age 12 on 26 March 1482 (Safar 5, 887 AH). The new Regency was formed with the Queen as president and [[Malik Na'ib]], one of the conspirators behind the death of [[Mahmud Gawan]], as regent.

His early reign was characterised by the conflict between the rising power of newcomers, epitomised by [[Yusuf Adil Shah]], and the traditional [[Deccan]]i nobles, led by Malik Na'ib. After a failed attempt to assassinate Yusuf Adil Shah, the sultan retired to [[Bijapur]] and left the running of the country in the hands of a viceroy or ''Malik Na'ib'', Nizam-ul-Mulk Malik Hasan Bahri, and his fellow Deccani. The Malik Na'ib himself was assassinated in 1486. An attempt to assassinate the sultan by Deccani in 1487 led to the slaughter of many Deccani and the strengthening of the newcomers' position.

The Sultan's obviously weak position led to increasing unrest amongst the nobles, particularly the powerful regional governors, some of whom, like [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] quietly assumed the titles of royalty. Others led in open rebellion. [[Qasim Barid I]] led one of the first revolt from [[Bidar]] and successfully defeated the army sent by the sultan to rein him in. Qasim Barid was raised to ''Barid-ul-mumalik'' and made prime minister and de facto ruler, while the sultan lived a life of indulgence. The King's expenditure was so high that he had jewels extracted from the [[Turquoise throne]] and used for payment.

On 28 May 1490, [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I]] revolted and defeated the Bahmani army led by general Jahangir Khan. He built a palace, making it the center of the newly created [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]. Yusuf Adil Shah followed suit creating the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]] centered at [[Bijapur]], with Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk creating the [[Berar Sultanate]] within the year. Qasim Barid founded the [[Bidar Sultanate]] centered at [[Bidar]] in 1492 while [[Golconda Sultanate]] became independent under [[Quli Qutb Shah]] in 1518 whose capital was at [[Golconda]] in modern [[Hyderabad]].

[[Krishnadevaraya]] marched towards [[Bidar]] in pursuit of [[Amir Barid I|Barid]]. Upon engaging in battle, he emerged victorious and captured the fort. As a testament to his diplomatic and strategic acumen, [[Krishnadevaraya]] restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power in [[Bidar]], symbolizing his commitment to fostering discord among his Muslim neighbors. In recognition of this significant act, Krishnadevaraya adopted the title of 'Yavana-rajya-sthapana-charya.'<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C |url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06, The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=309–310}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reddy |first=Y. Gopala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9721AAAAIAAJ&q=Krishnadevaraya+Yavanarajya-sthapanacharya |title=A Comprehensive History of Andhra |date=1990 |publisher=Victory Publishers |pages=80 |language=en}}</ref>

On Qasim Barid's death in 1504, the title of prime minister was passed to his son Amir Barid. The Sultan died on 27 December 1518 (Zil-hij 24, 924 AH) and was succeeded by his son Ahmed.

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Ferishta|first=Mahomed Kasim|author-link=Firishta|translator-last=Briggs|translator-first=John|translator-link=John Briggs (East India Company officer)|date=1829|title=History of the Rise of the Mahometan Power in India, till the year A.D. 1612|location=London|publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/India/Bahmani-consolidation-of-the-Deccan|title= Bahmanī consolidation of the Deccan|last=Allchin |first=Frank Raymond|website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|accessdate=18 April 2016}}
*{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46989/page/n5/mode/2up |title=The Cambridge History of India Vol. II: Turks and Afghans |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1925 |editor-last1=Haig |editor-first=Wolseley |editor-link=Wolseley Haig}}
*{{cite book |last=Yazdani |first=Ghulam |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279710/page/n1 |title=Bidar, Its History and Monuments |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1947 |location=London |author-link=Ghulam Yazdani}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{Succession box|title=Bahmani Shah|before=Muhammad Shah Lashkari|after=Ahmed Shah Bahmani II|years=1482–1518}}
{{s-end}}

{{Bahmani Sultanate}}

[[Category:Sultans]]
[[Category:1518 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Bahmani sultans]]

K. Padmanabhaiah

2025-11-25T06:29:58Z

Saurabhoaoindia: adding new stub

{{Short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. Padmanabhaiah
| image = K. Padmanabhaiah, 2018.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = K. Padmanabhaiah in 2018
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1938|10|06}}
| birth_place = [[Krishna District]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
|
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Civil servant
| yearsactive =
| known for = [[Indian Administrative Service]]
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website = {{URL|http://padamk.blogspot.ae|Website}}
| signature =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]<br>Giants International Award<br>[[Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration]]<br>Shiromani Award
}}
'''K. Padmanabhaiah''' (born 1938) is a retired Indian civil servant and a former [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)#Home Secretary and other senior officials|Home Secretary of India]].<ref name="Padmanabhaiah assumes charge as Chairman of ASCI">{{cite web | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-11-24/news/68536175_1_asci-new-chairman-charge | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820130339/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-11-24/news/68536175_1_asci-new-chairman-charge | url-status=dead | archive-date=20 August 2016 | title=Padmanabhaiah assumes charge as Chairman of ASCI | publisher=Economic Times | date=24 November 2015 | access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> He is the chairman of the Court of Governors of the [[Bella Vista, Hyderabad#Administrative Staff College of India|Administrative Staff College of India]] (ASCI),<ref name="Governance">{{cite web | url=http://www.asci.org.in/index.php/about-us/governance | title=Governance | publisher=Administrative Staff College of India | date=2016 | access-date=24 June 2016 | archive-date=4 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004113200/http://asci.org.in/index.php/about-us/governance | url-status=dead }}</ref> and has headed many government committees such as the [[Indian Police Service#Padmanabhaiah Committee .282000.29|Committee on Police Reforms]] (2000), the Committee on Reorganization of the [[Services Selection Board]], and the committee to Review the working of National Institute of Urban Management.<ref name="Padmanabhaiah assumes charges as Chairman of ASCI - Business Line">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/padmanabhaiah-assumes-charges-as-chairman-of-asci/article7912760.ece | title=Padmanabhaiah assumes charges as Chairman of ASCI - Business Line | publisher=The Hindu - Business Line | date=24 November 2015 | access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 2008, for his contributions to Indian civil service.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2016 |access-date=3 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
K. Padmanabhaiah was born on 6 October 1938 in a small hamlet in [[Krishna district]], in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="Padmanabhaiah on IAFA">{{cite web | url=http://iafaonline.com/k.padmanabhaiah.php | title=Padmanabhaiah on IAFA | publisher=Indo-American Friendship Association | date=2016 | access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> After securing a master's degree in Science (MSc) from [[Andhra University]] under [[Calamur Mahadevan]] and a master's degree in Financial Management from [[Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies]], he entered the [[Indian Administrative Service]] from [[Maharashtra]] cadre in 1961. His first major position came in 1970 when he was appointed as the Director of Sugar Co-Operatives in Maharashtra and during the four years he stayed in the position, the sugar industry was reported to have recorded considerable growth.<ref name="Profile on ASCI">{{cite web | url=http://www.asci.org.in/index.php/15-faculty/124-padmanabhaiah | title=Profile on ASCI | publisher=Administrative Staff College of India | date=2016 | access-date=24 June 2016 | archive-date=11 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811081217/http://www.asci.org.in/index.php/15-faculty/124-padmanabhaiah | url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1975, he was moved to [[Nashik district|Nashik]] as the District Collector which coincided with the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency period]] and under his leadership, the district was adjudged as one of the best performers of the ''20 point economic programme'' of [[Indira Gandhi]], the then Prime Minister of India. In 1982, he was appointed as the [[Joint Secretary to Government of India|joint secretary]] at the [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas]], but moved to the [[Ministry of Power (India)|Ministry of Power]] in 1984 where he worked for another two years. The next move was to London, as the minister of economy at the [[High Commission of India to the United Kingdom]] for a three-year stint. Returning to India, he served as the Municipal Commissioner of [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation|Greater Mumbai]] during 1990-91 period, followed by a move to the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]] in 1993. The next year, he took over the post of the government secretary at the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]], simultaneously holding the chair of [[Air India]] and [[Indian Airlines]], the two national airlines of India. In 1994, he was posted as the Union Secretary of the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], with additional responsibility as the secretary of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] Affairs.<ref name="Profile on ASCI" /> He worked holding the posts past his statutory superannuation in October 1996, earning an extension till 1997.<ref name="Indian ad hoc service">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19970131-extensions-for-senior-ias-officials-draw-charges-of-arbitrariness-and-favouritism-831754-1997-01-30 | title=Indian ad hoc service | publisher=India Today | date=31 January 1997 | access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>

When Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions (SCEI) established an IAS Academy in 2011 to train aspiring civil service officers, Padmanabhaiah was appointed as the dean of the institution, assisting [[T. N. Seshan]], a former [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]], who held the chair.<ref name="Sri Chaitanya launches its IAS Academy to train civil service aspirants">{{cite journal | url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2817/stories/20110826281711400.htm | title=Sri Chaitanya launches its IAS Academy to train civil service aspirants | author=M. Rajeev | journal=Frontline | year=2011 | volume=28 | issue=17}}</ref> After four years of service, he moved to the ASCI as the chairman of the Court of Governors of the institute, succeeding S. M. Datta, and holds the post till date.<ref name="Padmanabhaiah assumes charges as Chairman of ASCI - Business Line" />

== Padmanabhaiah Committees ==
During his civil service years, Padmanabhaiah headed several government committees, the first of which was during his tenure as the secretary at the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]] in 1993.<ref name="Profile on ASCI" /> In the wake of [[1993 Latur earthquake]] which left 100,000 people dead and over 30,000 injured, and its devastation in the states of Maharashtra and [[Karnataka]], the Government of India appointed an ''Advisory Committee of International Experts'' under his chairmanship to study the losses and advise on rehabilitation of affected people and reconstruction of the infrastructure. Subsequently, the reconstruction and rehabilitation was carried out with the assistance from [[World Bank]],<ref name="Maharashtra's Deadliest Earthquake - Some facts you must know about the Latur earthquake">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-and-current-affairs/story/maharashtras-deadliest-earthquake-265569-2015-09-30 | title=Maharashtra's Deadliest Earthquake - Some facts you must know about the Latur earthquake | publisher=India Today | date=30 September 2015 | access-date=24 June 2016 }}</ref> and the report submitted by the Padmanabhaiah Committee served as guidelines for the disaster management efforts.<ref name="Governance" />

After his retirement from civil service, Padmanabhaiah headed the ''Committee on Police Reforms'' set up by the Government of India<ref name="The Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms1">{{cite web | url=http://lexpress.in/criminal-justice/the-padmanabhaiah-committee-on-police-reforms | title=The Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms | publisher=Lexpress | date=14 May 2014 | access-date=24 June 2016 | author=Abhinav Dwivedi }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> to study the functional capabilities of [[Indian Police Service]] and propose reorganization measures to revamp the force.<ref name="The Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms">{{cite web|url=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=91%3Ashiva&id=687%3Apolice-india-padmanabhai-committee&Itemid=100 |title=The Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms |publisher=Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative |date=2016 |access-date=24 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306225136/http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=91%3Ashiva&id=687%3Apolice-india-padmanabhai-committee&Itemid=100 |archive-date=6 March 2013 }}</ref> The committee studied, among others, three major areas viz. ''Politicisation and Criminalisation of Police'', ''Control over Police'' and ''Accountability of Police''<ref name="A Critical Analysis">{{cite web|url=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/analysis_padmanabhaiah.pdf |title=A Critical Analysis |publisher=Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative |date=2016 |access-date=24 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306220837/http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/analysis_padmanabhaiah.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2013 }}</ref> and proposed various reform measures including the replacement of [[Police Act#India|Indian Police Act of 1861]]<ref name="Summary of Recommendations">{{cite web|url=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/summary_padmanabhaiah.pdf |title=Summary of Recommendations |publisher=Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative |date=2016 |access-date=24 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306220842/http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/summary_padmanabhaiah.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2013 }}</ref> which was later taken up by the Union Government which set up a committee under the leadership of [[Soli Sorabjee]] to prepare the draft for the new Police Act<ref name="Prakash Singh and Ors V. Union of India and Ors [2006]">{{cite web | url=http://www.liiofindia.org/in/cases/cen/INSC/2006/609.html | title=Prakash Singh and Ors V. Union of India and Ors [2006] | publisher=Legal Information Institute of India | date=2006 | access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> and by a number of state governments.<ref name="New law to replace century-old Police Act">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/New-law-to-replace-century-old-Police-Act/articleshow/21928793.cms | title=New law to replace century-old Police Act | publisher=Times of India | date=20 August 2013 | access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>

Prior to assuming the chair of the Police Reforms Committee, Padmanabhaiah had a stint as the Government representative for the settlement of [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland]] in 1997.<ref name="Padmanabhaiah on IAFA" /> During his service as the representative which lasted till his resignation in 2009, he is reported to have assisted in maintaining the cease-fire agreement as well as the dialogue with the insurgents. He later served as the chairman of two more committees, the Committee on Reorganization of the Services Selection Board, and the committee to Review the working of National Institute of Urban Management.<ref name="Governance" />

== Awards and honors ==
His services as the [[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai]] earned him the Giants International Award in 1991.<ref name="Profile on ASCI" /> In 1996, he received two awards, the [[Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration]] and the Shiromani Award of the Shiromani Institute, Delhi for contributions to National Development, Integration and Enrichment of Life.<ref name="Governance" /> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honor of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2008.<ref name="Padma Awards" />

== See also ==
* [[Indian Police Service]]
* [[Tata Tapes controversy]]
{{portal|India}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/make-cash-transfer-scheme-conditional-says-padmanabhaiah/article4232641.ece | title=Make cash transfer scheme conditional, says Padmanabhaiah | publisher=The Hindu | date=24 December 2012 | access-date=24 June 2016}}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrWU0ZrMax0 | title=India in Crisis : How do we save our Nation | publisher=Social Cause | work=K. Padmanabhaiah on [[YouTube]] video | date=3 September 2012 | access-date=24 June 2016}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/business/sep/16assam.htm | title=Tata Tea controversy: We are not going to leave anybody scot-free says Mahanta | publisher=ReDiff | date=16 September 1997 | access-date=24 June 2016 | author=George Iype}}

{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padmanabhaiah, K.}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service]]
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:People from Krishna district]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Parikipandla Narahari

2025-10-23T18:13:19Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Put Up New Article - done

{{short description|Indian civil servant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name=Parikipandla Narahari
| image =P. Narahari by SouLSteer.jpg
| caption = Narahari at his [[Gwalior]] Office
| occupation= {{Unbulleted list|Principal Secretary, [[Public Health Engineering Department]], [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]}}
| birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=y|1975|3|1}}
| birth_place= [[Karimnagar]], [[Telangana]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering|BE]] in [[Production engineering]] and [[Master of Arts|MA]] in Economics
| children = Two
| spouse = S. B. Gita Narahari
| alma_mater= [[Osmania University]] ([[Vasavi College of Engineering]]) and [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University|Bhoj University]]
| website=
}}

'''Parikipandla Narahari''' (born 1 March 1975) also known as '''P. Narahari''' is an Indian civil servant employed by the [[Indian Administrative Services]] and author.<ref name="DP&TGOI-20130618">{{cite web|url=http://persmin.nic.in/ersheet/MultipleERS.asp?HiddenStr=01MP047800|title=Complete Biodata|publisher=Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India|accessdate=18 June 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130620015014/http://persmin.nic.in/ersheet/MultipleERS.asp?HiddenStr=01MP047800|archive-date=20 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to ''[[Tehelka]]'', Narahari, in his capacity as [[District collector]] of [[Gwalior]], is one of India's few civil servants to use social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook to interact with citizenry to solve their problems. The issues citizens of Gwalior raise on Narahari's [[Facebook features#Wall|wall]] were automatically directed to concerned departments.<ref name="Tehelka-20130302">{{cite news|url=http://tehelka.com/gwaliors-game-changer/|title=Gwalior's Game Changer|last=Ghoshal|first=Shonali|date=2 March 2013|work=Tehelka.com|accessdate=18 June 2013|archive-date=25 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425184408/http://tehelka.com/gwaliors-game-changer/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="HT-20121016">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/MadhyaPradesh/Got-a-complaint-Poke-Gwalior-collector-on-Facebook/Article1-945195.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016222312/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/MadhyaPradesh/Got-a-complaint-Poke-Gwalior-collector-on-Facebook/Article1-945195.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2012|title=Got a complaint? Poke Gwalior collector on Facebook|last=Nichenametla|first=Prasad|date=16 October 2012|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=20 June 2013}}</ref> ''The Better India'' recognized Narahari as 10 most inspiring [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officers of the year 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title= 10 IAS Officers Who Made 2017 Better With Their Brilliant Initiatives |date=21 December 2017 |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/125102/inspiring-ias-officers-india-brilliant-initiatives/ |publisher= The Better India |accessdate=28 December 2017}}</ref> Narahari is one among of those rare professional officers to be credited as Publicity Advisor to three successive governments of different parties.

Narahari has written ten books, ''Who Owns Mhow?'' and ''The Making of Ladli Laxmi Yojna''. The latter concerns the [[Ladli Laxmi Yojana]], an initiative of the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] planned by Narahari which later inspired [[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana]].<ref name="hamariladli-20130618" /> He also wrote the song [[Ho Halla]] which was sung by [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]. In 2020, he started the program of [[Swachhta Ke Sur]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mpbreakingnews.in/Bhopal/Swachhata-Ke-Sura-to-be-played-in-the-bhopal-58511/|title=राजधानी में छिड़ेंगे स्वच्छता के सुर|date=10 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://dastaknews.com/ujjainnews.php?id=124193|title=स्वच्छता के सुर|date=11 January 2020}}</ref> under [[Swachh Bharat]] Abhiyan to make people aware, which included [[Bollywood]] singer [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Javed Ali]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mpbreakingnews.in/gwalior/singer-javed-ali-proves-to-be-helpful-gwalior-ranks-third-in-ranking-for-the-first-time-58801/|title=सिंगर जावेद अली मददगार साबित, रैंकिंग में पहली बार ग्वालियर तीसरे पायदान पर|date=16 January 2020}}</ref> [[Payal Dev]], [[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]] and [[Dev Negi]].

==Early life==
Narahari was born to Satyanarayana and Sarojana on 1 March 1975. His grandparents belong to Chintagattu village near [[Warangal]]. Narahari studied mechanical engineering at [[Osmania University]] and was selected to work with [[Indian Engineering Services]] in 1999. He was also selected for organisations [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] (BDL), [[National Aluminium Company]] (Nalco) and [[Gas Authority of India Limited]] (GAIL). He was selected as Scientist-B at Advanced Research Centre International (ARCI), [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], Government of India. He worked in this organisation from January 2000 to August 2001 till he joined the [[Indian Administrative Services]] in September 2001. He completed his schooling from India Mission Secondary School, Basantnagar. He completed Intermediate from NLVRGSRVJC(APRJC) Nimmakuru.<ref>{{cite web |title=A true son of the soil |date=20 June 2016 |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Commoner/2016-06-20/A-true-son-of-the-soil/236368 |publisher=[[The Hans India]] |accessdate=4 July 2016}}</ref>
he was brought up in basanthnagar, Peddapalli mandal, Karimnagar district, [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/karimnagar-link-to-indias-cleanest-city/article18405641.ece|title=Telugu connection to India's cleanest city|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 May 2017|last1=Reddy|first1=R. Ravikanth}}</ref>

==Career==
He joined the Indian Administrative Service in 2001.<ref name="DP&TGOI-20130618" /> In 2002, he was posted as Assistant Collector at Chhindwara. He became the Assistant Collector and City Magistrate, Murar along with SDO (Revenue) & SDM Dabra in Gwalior in 2003, SDO (Revenue) & SDM Mhow in Indore in 2004. He was appointed as Municipal Commissioner of Indore Municipal Corporation in 2005. In 2006, he became Project Director ICDS & IFAD, managing director WFDC and ex-officio Deputy Secretary in Women and Child Development Department, Bhopal. In April 2007, he was transferred as chief executive officer of Chhindwara Zila Parishad and ex-officio Additional Collector (Development) there. On 9 August 2007, he became District Magistrate and Collector of Seoni, later in 2009 as DM & Collector of Singrauli, then as DM & Collector of Gwalior in 2011 and lastly as DM & Collector of Indore in 2015 and served till 2017. After serving as Revenue Secretary<ref>{{cite web |title=इंदौर के पूर्व कलेक्टर पी. नरहरि बने राजस्व सचिव |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-HMU-MAT-latest-indore-news-035003-2988605-NOR.html |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |accessdate=16 July 2017}}</ref> and Secretary and Commissioner of Aviation, Public Relations, Urban Administration Departments of [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] and as Managing Director, Madhya Pradesh Marketing Cooperative Federation. P Narahari last served as Secretary of Micro Small Medium Enterprises Department & Sports and Youth Welfare Department. Presently{{when|date=July 2024}} he is posted as Principal Secretary of Public Health Engineering Department.<ref>{{cite web |title=whos-who |url=http://mpmarkfed.mp.gov.in/whos-who}}</ref> He served as [[Chancellor (education)#Vice-chancellor|VC]] of [[Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism and Communication|MCNUJC]] from 8 January to 25 February 2019 and once again from 19 April to 21 May 2020.

He made [[Gwalior district]] 95% [[Universal design#The .22Barrier-Free.22 concept|barrier-free]] in two years to help persons with disabilities, senior citizens, women easily access public spaces. Thus making [[Gwalior]] an example for other cities in [[India]] as reported by ''[[Satyamev Jayate (TV series)|Satyamev Jayate]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title= MUMKIN HAI |url=http://www.satyamevjayate.in/mumkinhai.aspx?uid=E0RIV6 |publisher=[[Satyamev Jayate (TV series)|Satyamev Jayate]] |accessdate=4 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ACCESSIBLE GWALIOR |url=http://www.satyamevjayate.in/persons-with-disabilities/accessible-gwalior.aspx |publisher=[[Satyamev Jayate (TV series)|Satyamev Jayate]] |accessdate=4 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The importance of being Aamir |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141130/spectrum/main1.htm | date=30 November 2014 | newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | location=Chandigarh |accessdate=4 July 2016}}</ref>

In [[Indore]] as District Collector he focused on health, education and [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{cite web |title=p narahari collector indore |url=http://hindi.webdunia.com/regional-hindi-news/p-narahari-collector-indore-115050100085_1.html |publisher=Web Dunia |accessdate=4 July 2016}}</ref> Indore also became the cleanest city in India under [[Swachh Bharat Abhiyan]] where Narahari played a key role. Narahari is credited for not only establishing Social Media wing in the Public Relations Department of Government but also making it a frequently used tool for publicity of the government programs, [[policies]] and [[activity (project management)|activities]].

==Discography==
=== Hindi songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Music director !! Lyrics !! Label !! Singer
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''2020'''
|''Jai Hind''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|rowspan="3" |''Folk Culture''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]'' & ''Jatinder Singh''
|-
| ''Jeena Jeena - How to live with Covid19''
| ''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
| ''P Narahari''
| ''[[Dev Negi]]'' & ''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|-
|''Jai Ho - Corona warriors''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''[[shaan (singer)|Shaan]]''
|-
| ''Plastic''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|rowspan="3" |''Ree Musical''
|''[[Shankar Mahadevan]]'' & ''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|-
| ''Khelo Madhya Pradesh''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''[[Dev Negi]]''
|-
| ''Helmet''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''2019'''
| ''[[Chauka (song)|Chauka]]''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|rowspan="5" |''Ree Musical''
|''[[Shankar Mahadevan]]''
|-
| ''You Are Special''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
| ''Shivang Mathur'' & ''Deepanshi Nagar''
|-
| ''MP Swachhta Anthem''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''[[shaan (singer)|Shaan]]'', ''[[Payal Dev]]'', ''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]'', ''[[Javed Ali]]'' & ''[[Dev Negi]]''
|-
| ''Swachhta ki Rajdhani''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''[[shaan (singer)|Shaan]]''
|-
| ''Cheer Haran''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''Rishiking'' & ''P Narahari''
|''[[Payal Dev]]'' & ''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''2018'''
| ''Hattrck''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''Rishiking'' & ''P Narahari''
|rowspan="5" |''Hribom''
|''[[shaan (singer)|Shaan]]'', ''[[Jubin Nautiyal]]'', ''[[Payal Dev]]'' & ''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|-
| ''Mera Madhya Pradesh''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''Rishiking'' & ''P Narahari''
|''[[Shankar Mahadevan]]'' & ''[[Dev Negi]]''
|-
| ''Ao Chale School''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''[[shaan (singer)|Shaan]]'', ''[[Jyotica Tangri]]'' & ''[[Suzanne D'Mello]]''
|-
|'''2017'''
| ''[[Hai Halla]]''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''[[shaan (singer)|Shaan]]'' & ''[[Payal Dev]]''
|-
|'''2016'''
|''[[Ho Halla]]''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''[[shaan (singer)|Shaan]]''
|}

=== Telugu songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Music director !! Lyrics !! Label !! Singer
|-
|'''2019'''
| ''Memega Netannalam''
|''[[Rishikesh Pandey|Rishiking]]''
|''P Narahari''
|''Ree Musical''
|''[[Payal Dev]]''
|}

== Bibliography ==

===Books===
*''Who Owns Mhow?''
*''The Making of Ladli Laxmi Yojna''
*''Rise of social media in Madhya Pradesh'', published by Director Public Relations department, [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]
*''Betiyaan'', published by Indra Publications, Bhopal
*''The Great Tale of Hinduism'', published by Manjul Publications, Bhopal
*''The Great Vedic Tales'', published by [[Prabhat Prakashan]], Delhi
*''Swachh Indore'', published by [[Prabhat Prakashan]], Delhi
*''Ram Ka Rajyabhishek'', Published by Mahagatha, Delhi<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/mahagatha-launched-the-spiritual-book-ramraja-written-by-p-narahari-and-rishikesh-pandey20240316130130/|title=Mahagatha Launched the Spiritual Book "Ramraja" written by P Narahari and Rishikesh Pandey|date=2024-03-16}}</ref>
*''The Pasamanda Muslim of Indian Sub-Continent'', Publication by Mahagatha, Delhi (Yet to be released)
*''The OBCs Uprising'', Published by Mahagatha, Delhi
*''Shakari - Vikramaditya,'' Published by Mahagatha, Delhi<ref>{{cite book|author1=P Narahari |author2=Devrishi |date=2025 |title=Shakari |publication-place=India |publisher=Mahagatha |isbn=978-93-6212-931-4 |ol=59529736M}}</ref>

==Awards==
He got more than 60 awards for his excellent performance in his administrative career till now{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}.

* 2005: [[CRISIL]] Award 2005 for Excellence in Municipal Initiatives, as Municipal Commissioner [[Indore]].<ref name="hamariladli-20130618">{{cite web|url=http://www.hamariladli.org/profiledm.aspx|title=P. NARAHARI (IAS 2001 Batch Madhya Pradesh Cadre) |work=hamariladli.org|publisher=Office of the District Magistrate, Gwalior and Competent Authority Pre conception and Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques, Gwalior|accessdate=18 June 2013}}</ref>
* 2011: [[Dainik Bhaskar]] Group's India Pride Awards, in the category of Impact Creator-Civil Servant.<ref name="hamariladli-20130618" />
* 2013: award from the [[Internet and Mobile Association of India]] for his efforts relating to use of social networks to engage citizens.<ref name="Tehelka-20130302" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Gwalior Collector got the Award on Best use of Social Networking Sites |url=http://mapit.gov.in/morenews.aspx |publisher=[[Madhya Pradesh]] Agency for Promotion of IT |accessdate=12 March 2014}}</ref>
* 2014: Awarded by ''Madhya Pradesh Agency for Promotion of IT'' under category "Best project implemented through innovative use of Information Technology" of project Hamari Ladli<ref>{{cite web |title=Category 3 : The best project implemented through Innovative use of Information Technology |url=http://mapit.gov.in/itawards/(S(jgvqis1gnoqv5mdy0i3jha3z))/result.html |publisher=[[Madhya Pradesh]] Agency for Promotion of IT |accessdate=12 March 2014}}</ref>
* 2014: Awarded by ''India Book of Records'' for organizing a tree plantation event in which 1,33,000 plants were sowed in one day<ref>{{cite web |title=Category 3 : The best project implemented through Innovative use of Information Technology |date=20 May 2014 |url=http://www.indiabookofrecords.in/records-gallery/most-plants-sowed-in-a-single-day |publisher=India Book of Records |accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
* 2014: Received [[Manthan Award]] for usage of Active Tracker Device to eliminate [[Female foeticide in India|female foeticide]] under [[Save girls]] campaign.<ref>{{cite web |title= e-Health |url=http://southwestindia.manthanaward.org/winners/ |publisher=[[Manthan Award]] |accessdate=15 August 2014}}</ref>
* 2014: Received [[National Award for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities|National Award for "Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities]]" by President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] for creation of barrier-free environment for the persons with disabilities in [[Gwalior district]].<ref>{{cite web |title= President awards Gwalior collector for helping disabled |url=http://freepressjournal.in/president-awards-gwalior-collector-for-helping-disabled/ |work=[[The Free Press Journal|Free Press Journal]] |accessdate=7 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= P narhari got national award for special work for physically challenged |url=http://www.patrika.com/news/p-narhari-got-national-award-for-special-work-for-physically-challenged/1047592 |publisher= [[Rajasthan Patrika|Patrika]] |accessdate=7 December 2014}}</ref>
* 2015: Received 'Public Servant of the Year' by [[UBM plc|UBM]] Giving Back CSR & NGO Awards 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title= Public Servant of the Year |url=http://www.giving-back.in/winners.aspx |publisher=Giving Back |accessdate=25 December 2015}}</ref>
* 2016: Received [[National Award for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities|National Award for "Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities]], 2016" by President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] for "Outstanding Work in the Creation of Barrier-Free Environment for the Persons with Disabilities".<ref>{{cite web |title= List of Persons/Institutions Selected for National Awards, 2016 |url=http://www.disabilityaffairs.gov.in/content/page/national-awards.php |publisher= Disability Affairs |accessdate=5 December 2016}}</ref>
* 2016: Received ‘District Collector Digital Champions’ award for influential implementation of [[Information and communications technology|ICT]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Winners |url= http://dcaward.defindia.org/winners-2016/ |publisher= Disability Affairs |accessdate= 2 March 2017 |archive-date= 3 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170303042833/http://dcaward.defindia.org/winners-2016/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>
* 2017: Awarded at 8th [[NCPEDP MphasiS Universal Design Awards|NCPEDP-Mphasis]] Universal Design Awards 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title= 8th NCPEDP-Mphasis Universal Design Awards 2017 |url=http://www.ncpedp.org/album21 |publisher= [[National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People|NCPEDP]] |accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref>
* 2018: Awarded Joint Runner-up in "e-Governance Excellence Awards Madhya Pradesh 2017" under "Improvement in Citizen Service Delivery/Governance through use of IT" category by Madhya Pradesh Agency for Promotion for Information Technology<ref>{{cite web |title= e-Governance Excellence Awards 2015–17 |url=http://mapit.gov.in/itawards/ListofAwardeesforWebsite15-17.pdf |publisher= Madhya Pradesh Agency for Promotion of Information Technology |accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref>
* 2018: Received Excellent Contribution Award in "[[G Files awards|G Files Governance Awards]]" for his unique socio-economic development initiatives in state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite web |title= P Narahari IAS awarded Excellent Contribution Award |url=https://www.indianbureaucracy.com/p-narahari-ias-awarded-excellent-contribution-award/ |publisher= Indian Bureaucracy |accessdate=15 November 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|9963323}}
* [http://www.yumpu.com/s/7UYKdnPe1IWx6OaV Parikipandla Narahari on VIDHATHA e-Magazine]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narahari, P.}}
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Telugu-language lyricists]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:People from Karimnagar]]

Mankoli

2025-09-20T08:15:24Z

Saurabhoaoindia: made

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mankoli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.2404381|N|73.0449551|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwandi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 10
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3421
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 552667
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mankoli''' is a village in the [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Bhiwandi]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Mankoli has 860 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 82.47%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 3421 || 2013 || 1408
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 546 || 305 || 241
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 231 || 124 || 107
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 47 || 21 || 26
|-
| Literates || 2371 || 1494 || 877
|-
| Workers (all) || 1712 || 1306 || 406
|-
| Main workers (total) || 1397 || 1194 || 203
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 51 || 36 || 15
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 44 || 39 || 5
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 59 || 36 || 23
|-
| Main workers: Other || 1243 || 1083 || 160
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 315 || 112 || 203
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 32 || 14 || 18
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 7 || 1 || 6
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 31 || 7 || 24
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 245 || 90 || 155
|-
| Non-workers || 1709 || 707 || 1002
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bhiwandi taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhiwandi taluka]]

Rahul Bajaj (golfer)

2025-07-27T09:41:09Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Put Up Article - done

{{Short description|Indian professional golfer (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox golfer
| name = Rahul Bajaj
| image = Professional Golfer Rahul Bajaj.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = Bajaj at the Noida Golf Course
| full_name =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|8|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| height = 5 ft 10 in
| weight = 
| nationality = {{IND}}
| residence = [[New Delhi, India]]
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| college =
| yearpro = 2011
| retired = 
| tour =
| extour = [[Asian Tour]]<br />[[Professional Golf Tour of India]]
| prowins = 1
| pgawins = 
| eurowins = 
| japwins = 
| asiawins = 
| sunwins = 
| auswins = 
| nwidewins = 
| chalwins = 
| champwins = 
| seneurowins = 
| otherwins = 
| majorwins = 
| masters = 
| pga = 
| usopen = 
| open = 
| wghofid = 
| wghofyear = 
| award1 = 
| year1 = 
| award2 = 
| year2 =
| awardssection = 
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalCompetition|[[2010 Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Golf at the 2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[Golf at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's team|Men's team]]}}
}}
'''Rahul Bajaj''' (born 18 August 1986) is an Indian [[professional golfer]]. As an amateur, he was part of the Indian team that won the silver medal at the [[Golf at the 2010 Asian Games|2010 Asian Games]]. Bajaj turned professional a year later at the 2011 [[Indian Open (golf)|Indian Open]]. He played on the [[Professional Golf Tour of India]] (PGTI) between from 2012 to 2018<ref name="PGTI">{{Cite web |title=Rahul Bajaj – 2018 |url=http://www.pgtofindia.com/player/004O/0C |access-date=2 March 2021 |publisher=Professional Golf Tour of India}}</ref> and won once on the PGTI's Feeder Tour, in 2012.<ref name="pgtofindia.com">{{Cite web |title=2012 PGTI Feeder Tour – Jaipur |url=http://www.pgtofindia.com/tournament/130/score#tab-score |access-date=2 March 2021 |publisher=Professional Golf Tour of India}}</ref> He also played on the [[Asian Tour]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rahul Bajaj |url=https://www.owgr.com/en/Ranking/PlayerProfile.aspx?playerID=13516&year=2017 |access-date=2 March 2021 |publisher=Official World Golf Ranking |archive-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813194253/http://www.owgr.com/en/Ranking/PlayerProfile.aspx?playerID=13516&year=2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Asian Development Tour]] (ADT), the [[MENA Tour]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rahul Bajaj |url=https://menatour.golf/player/2238/rahul-bajaj |access-date=2 March 2021 |publisher=MENA Tour}}</ref>

Bajaj currently teaches golf at Noida Golf Course<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2020 |title=Teamwork: Golfers, clubs come to the aid of daily-wage caddies |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/teamwork-golfers-clubs-come-to-the-aid-of-daily-wage-caddies/story-U8f67H2Lo2Dp1IxPBu6obP.html |access-date=2 March 2021 |newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref> and runs his own online golf equipment company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2020 |title=Should golf, ideal for social distancing, be allowed to open for play? |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/should-golf-ideal-for-social-distancing-be-allowed-to-open-for-play/1961427/ |access-date=2 March 2021 |newspaper=The Financial Express}}</ref>

== Background ==
Rahul was born in Jammu, in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. His father is Col. Pradeep Kumar Bajaj, a now retired Army Officer. His mother is Suman Bajaj is a designer who owns her own boutique. His sister Shweta Bajaj is a freelance journalist<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/> who has in the past worked for Zee News and News X.

Bajaj went to Army Public School in Noida. He also has a Commerce degree from [[Delhi University]]'s [[School of Open Learning]]. As a child, Rahul watched his father play golf at Noida Golf Course (NGC). He took up the game himself at the age of 15.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2010 |title=Rahul brings laurels to NGC... |work=Hole in One – Official Newsletter of the Noida Golf Club |url=https://www.noidagolfcourse.com/download/September%202010%20HIO.pdf |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

== Amateur career ==
In 2006, Bajaj started participating in amateur tournaments organized by the [[Indian Golf Union]]. He won his first amateur tournament at the Jaypee Amateur Golf Tournament in 2008 by a single shot over Gagan Verma.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Donald |title=Rahul clinches Jaypee Open title – Manav fires day's best card to finish third |newspaper=The Tribune|location=India |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080503/cth2.htm |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Donald |title=Jaypee Open set for exciting finish – Gagan Verma hangs on to one-stroke lead |newspaper=The Tribune|location=India |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080502/cth2.htm |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref> Other notable wins include the Samarvir Sahi Amateur in 2009,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bajaj takes title |newspaper=The Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bajaj-takes-title/532676/ |access-date=2 March 2021 }}</ref> and the Chandigarh Open in 2010. During this span, he also finished in the top-3 in a few amateur events<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=27 November 2009 |title=Rashid clinches LG Western India Amateur title |work=Zee News |url=https://moola66652.zeenews.india.com/sports/golf/rashid-clinches-lg-western-india-amateur-title_582683.html |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2008 |title=Amanjyot wins maiden amateur title |url=https://www.mykhel.com/more-sports/amanjyot-wins-maiden-amateur-title-053279.html |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=mykhel.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pugh the one to watch |url=https://www.wagr.com/news/2010/may/pugh-the-one-to-watch |access-date=2 March 2021 |publisher=World Amateur Golf Ranking}}</ref>

Bajaj was part of the [[Golf at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's team|Asian Games]] team in 2010<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2010 |first=R. |last=Satya |title=Rashid to lead Indian challenge at Asian Games |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/rashid-to-lead-indian-challenge-at-asian-games/articleshow/6267849.cms |access-date=2 March 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> that won the team silver in Guangzhou.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2010 |title=Rashid takes India to team silver in Asiad golf |url=http://twocircles.net/2010nov20/rashid_takes_india_team_silver_asiad_golf.html |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=TwoCircles.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |date=22 April 2020 |title=COVID-19 pandemic tough on young golfers: Jeev |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/covid-19-pandemic-tough-on-young-golfers-jeev-120042200620_1.html |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref> Other team members included [[Rashid Khan (golfer)|Rashid Khan]], Abhinav Lohan, and Abhijit Singh Chadha. He was also part of the team that won silver at the [[2010 South Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2010 |agency=Press Trust of India |title=India win silver in South Asian Games |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-win-silver-in-south-asian-games/articleshow/5535918.cms |access-date=2 March 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Jeev Milkha Singh: Suspension of tournaments tough on young golfers |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/golf/jeev-milkha-singh-lockdown-young-golfers-rahul-bajaj-aman-raj/article31405714.ece |access-date=2 March 2021 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> The team at Dhaka included Chikkarangappa, and Ashbeer Singh Saini who were joined by Khan and Bajaj.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2010 |title=South Asian Games: Unstoppable India bags 12 out of 13 gold on offer |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-south-asian-games-unstoppable-india-bags-12-out-of-13-gold-on-offer-1343363 |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=DNA India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India win silver in South Asian Games |newspaper=The Times of India |date=4 February 2010 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-win-silver-in-south-asian-games/articleshow/5535918.cms |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref> As part of the Indian Golf Team, Bajaj represented his country at the [[2010 Eisenhower Trophy]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Anupam |date=8 September 2010 |title=Teen brigade for Asiad challenge |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/xBfjgYFanhd25nqTySjMcO/Teen-brigade-for-Asiad-challenge.html |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=mint}}</ref> where the team finished T45.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Team and Player – World Amateur Team Championship |url=http://results.golfstat.com/public/leaderboards/gsnav.cfm?pg=teamPlayer&tid=2374 |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=golfstat.com}}</ref>

== Professional career ==
Bajaj turned professional at the 2011 [[Indian Open (golf)|Indian Open]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2011 |title=Asian Games silver medalist Bajaj turns pro at Indian Open |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/golf/top-stories/asian-games-silver-medalist-bajaj-turns-pro-at-indian-open/articleshow/10302695.cms |access-date=2 March 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Between 2012 and 2018, he played on the [[Professional Golf Tour of India]].<ref name="PGTI"/> He has also played events on the [[Asian Tour]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Asian Development Tour]] (ADT), the [[MENA Tour]].<ref name=":1" />

He won his first event as a professional at the 2012 PGTI Feeder Tour event held at Rambagh Golf Club in Jaipur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Bajaj |url=http://www.pgtofindia.com/stat/win/player/004O |access-date=2 March 2021 |publisher=Professional Golf Tour of India}}</ref> Bajaj shot scores of 69, 68, 67 over three days to beat his nearest competitors Mandeo Singh Pathania and Akshay Sharma by three shots.<ref name="pgtofindia.com"/>

Two years later, Bajaj lost a playoff at the same event to Akshay Sharma to finish second.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akshay Sharma's timely eagle helps him clinch a playoff victory against Rahul Bajaj in Jaipur |url=http://www.pgtofindia.com/news/377 |access-date=2 March 2021 |publisher=Professional Golf Tour of India |date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref name=jaipur>{{Cite web |title=PGTI Feeder Tour – Jaipur 2014 |url=http://www.pgtofindia.com/tournament/209/score#tab-score |access-date=2 March 2021 |publisher=Professional Golf Tour of India}}</ref> In 2016, he led the field after the first round of the Asian Tour's Qualifying School Final Stage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2018 |title=Rahul Bajaj leads after first round at Asian Tour Q-School |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/golf/rahul-bajaj-leads-after-first-round-at-asian-tour-q-school |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref>

Post-2018, Bajaj has reduced the number of events that he plays professionally to concentrate on teaching golf at Noida Golf Course. He also runs an online golf equipment company called Golf Garage India.

==Amateur wins==
*2008 Jaypee Amateur Golf Tournament
*2009 Samarvir Sahi Amateur
*2010 Chandigarh Open

==Professional wins (1)==
===Other wins (1)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!Date
!Tournament
!Winning score
!Margin of<br>victory
!Runners-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|25 Oct 2012
|PGTI Feeder Tour Jaipur
|−6 (69-68-67=204)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mandeo Singh Pathania]], {{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshay Sharma]]
|}

== Team appearances ==
'''Amateur'''

* [[Eisenhower Trophy]] (representing India): [[2010 Eisenhower Trophy|2010]]
* [[Asian Games]] (representing India): [[Golf at the 2010 Asian Games|2010]]
* [[South Asian Games]] (representing India): [[2010 South Asian Games|2010]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{OWGR|13516}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bajaj, Rahul}}
[[Category:Indian male golfers]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in golf]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Vaishnavi Gowda

2025-07-24T11:53:02Z

Saurabhoaoindia: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Bigg Boss Kannada season 8]]

Ved Mehta

2025-07-19T20:50:55Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Created First Info Needs Work

{{short description|Indian-American writer (1934-2021)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Ved Mehta
| image = Ved Mehta.png
| alt =
| birth_name = Ved Parkash Mehta
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|3|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|1|9|1934|3|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Manhattan]], New York, U.S.
| occupation = {{hlist|Writer|journalist}}
| language = English
| nationality = Indian-American
| education = Dadar School for the Blind<br>[[Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired|Arkansas School for the Blind]]
| alma_mater = [[Pomona College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Balliol College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Harvard University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| genre = 
| subject = 
| spouse = {{marriage|Linn Cary|1983}}
| children =
| years_active = 1957–2004
| website = {{URL|vedmehta.com}}
}}
'''Ved Parkash Mehta''' (21 March 1934{{spnd}}9 January 2021) was an Indian-born writer who lived and worked mainly in the United States. Blind from an early age, Mehta is best known for an autobiography published in installments from 1972 to 2004. He wrote for ''[[The New Yorker]]'' for many years.

==Early life and education==
Mehta was born on 21 March 1934 in [[Lahore]], [[British India]] (now in [[Pakistan]]), to a [[Punjabi Hindu]] family.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reviews-essays/autobiographical-artist|title=Retracing Ved Mehta's long career|last=Singh|first=Jai Arjun|date=February 2014|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en|access-date=2019-12-30|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230132718/https://caravanmagazine.in/reviews-essays/autobiographical-artist|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=21cwriters>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Mehta, Ved 1934–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/mehta-ved-1934|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118154651/https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/mehta-ved-1934|archive-date=18 November 2020|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Concise Major 21st Century Writers}}</ref> His parents were Shanti (Mehra) Mehta and Amolak Ram Mehta (1894–1986), a senior public health official in the government of India.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Krebs|first=Albin|date=1986-07-29|title=Amolak Ram Mehta, 91, Dies; Former Indian Health Official|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/29/obituaries/amolak-ram-mehta-91-dies-former-indian-health-official.html|access-date=2021-01-11|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Ved lost his sight at the age of three due to cerebrospinal [[meningitis]].<ref name="Leland">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/22/garden/at-home-with-ved-mehta-in-a-dark-harbor-a-bright-house.html|title=At Home With Ved Mehta: In a Dark Harbor, A Bright House|last=Leland|first=John|author-link=John Leland (journalist)|date=22 May 2003|work=The New York Times|access-date=15 February 2009|archive-date=10 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110055116/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/22/garden/at-home-with-ved-mehta-in-a-dark-harbor-a-bright-house.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|Justman|2010|p=165}} Due to the limited prospects for blind people at that time,<ref name="Diversity312">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aiYOAAAAQAAJ&q=Ved+Mehta+-inauthor:%22Ved+Mehta%22&pg=PA304 | title = Learning for All: Curricula for Diversity in Education | page = 312 | author1 = Booth, Tony | author2 = Swann, Will | author3 = Masterton, Mary | publisher = Routledge | year = 1992 | isbn = 0-415-07184-4 | access-date = 22 November 2020 }}</ref> his parents sent him over {{convert|1300|mi|km}} away<ref name="Diversity312" /> to the [[Dadar School for the Blind]] in [[Bombay]] (present-day Mumbai).<ref name="Kendrick">{{cite news|title=Seeking the Light|last=Kendrick|first=Baynard|date=25 August 1957|work=The New York Times|url=http://www.vedmehta.com/reviews/face-nytimes.htm|access-date=6 November 2009|archive-date=31 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731191007/http://www.vedmehta.com/reviews/face-nytimes.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Beginning around 1949, he attended the [[Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired|Arkansas School for the Blind]].{{Sfn|Slatin|1986|p=178}}

Mehta received a BA from [[Pomona College]] in 1956; a BA from [[Balliol College, Oxford]], in 1959, where he read modern history; and an MA from [[Harvard University]] in 1961.<ref name="21cwriters" /><ref>{{cite news|title=When loss isn't' less|publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/When-loss-isnt-less/538584/|access-date=8 November 2009|archive-date=23 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723024740/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/when-loss-isnt-less/538584|url-status=live}}</ref> While at Pomona, as very few books were available in Braille, Mehta used student readers, one of whom was Eugene Rose, who went on to become the [[Russian Orthodox]] hieromonk [[Seraphim Rose]]. Mehta referred to him in two books, one of which was ''Stolen Light'', his second book of memoirs: "I felt very lucky to have found Gene as a reader. ... He read with such clarity that I almost had the illusion that he was explaining things."<ref>{{cite book|author=Mehta, Ved|title=Stolen Light|publisher=Townsend Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59194-095-1|page=160}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Scott|first=Cathy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tJbePAAACAAJ&q=father+seraphim+rose+cathy+scott|title=Seraphim Rose: The True Story and Private Letters|publisher=Regina Orthodox Press|year=2002|isbn=1-928653-01-4|author-link=Cathy Scott|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref>

== Career ==
His first book, an autobiography called ''Face to Face'', which placed his early life in the context of [[Indian politics]], history and Anglo-Indian relations, was published in 1957;<ref name="Kendrick"/> its narrative ends around the time Mehta enrolled at Pomona.{{Sfn|Slatin|1986|p=178}} Mehta published his first novel, ''Delinquent Chacha'', in 1966. It was serialized in ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Mehta, Ved (Parkash)|editor-last=Moritz|editor-first=Charles|title=Current Biography Yearbook 1975|title-link=Current Biography|journal=Current Biography Yearbook: Annual Cumulation|publisher=[[H. W. Wilson Company]]|issn=0084-9499|oclc=609892928|date=1975|pages=[[iarchive:currentbiography1975thom/page/269/mode/1up|269–272]]}}</ref> He subsequently wrote more than 24 books, including several that deal with the subject of blindness, as well as hundreds of articles and short stories, for British, Indian and American publications. He was a staff writer at ''[[The New Yorker]]'' from 1961<ref name="21cwriters" /> to 1994.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Harrison|title=Ved Mehta, whose monumental autobiography explored life in India, dies at 86|date=11 January 2021|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/ved-mehta-dead/2021/01/11/b2aba446-5420-11eb-a08b-f1381ef3d207_story.html|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>

A 1982 profile, published after Mehta was announced as a [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellow]], stated that he had "gained critical note as a weaver of profiles, as an interviewer who can interpret character and context in the exchange of words with a subject. He is scholarly and journalistic and, above all, a man who thinks things out."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shepard|first=Richard F.|date=1982-07-15|title=VED MEHTA: HIS PROSE IS 'AIRY, ELEGANT, CLEAR' (Published 1982)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/15/arts/ved-mehta-his-prose-is-airy-elegant-clear.html|access-date=2021-01-11|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 1989, [[Jennet Conant]] produced an article for ''[[Spy (magazine)|Spy]]'' reflecting on the alleged decline in quality of the ''New Yorker'' after the departure of editor [[William Shawn]]; recounting criticism of the new editor's "peculiar hobbies" including collecting "aluminium tumblers and plastic handbags", mockery and attacking of "previously untouchable" journalists including Renata Adler and Janet Malcolm, and the fact that "the legions of loyal, tight-lipped young women- the secretaries, typists, fact-checkers and editorial assistants" had begun to "talk. Well, ''moan'', really. Sob. Whine. Wail and complain" about "old wounds and ... past injustices", particularly those who were employed to "painstakingly transcribe" what Conant considered the "long-winded, self-obsessed, Oxford-educated English prose" of Mehta, who the article also accused of being unduly demanding and critical of the young women thus employed, asking them personal questions about their habits and lives.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Conant|first=Jennet|author-link=Jennet Conant|title=Slaves of The New Yorker|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MBsraeHJRB4C&pg=PA104 pp.104–112]|journal=[[Spy (magazine)|Spy]]|date=September 1989|issn=0890-1759}}</ref> He left the magazine after, as he claimed, he was "terminated" by editor [[Tina Brown]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kuczynski|first=Alex|date=1999-01-11|title=Media Talk; Writer Finds No Room at the Library|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/11/business/media-talk-writer-finds-no-room-at-the-library.html|access-date=2021-01-10|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919115415/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/11/business/media-talk-writer-finds-no-room-at-the-library.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

One of the articles he wrote for ''[[The New Yorker]]'' in 1961 consisted of interviews with Oxford philosophers. A volume of the letters of one of those philosophers, [[Isaiah Berlin]], contains an honest response to Mehta's inquiry about the reactions of his subjects: "You ask me what the reactions of my colleagues are to your piece on Oxford Philosophy... [T]hose to whom I have spoken are in various degrees outraged or indignant ... ''The New Yorker'' is a satirical magazine, and I assume from the start that a satire was intended and not an accurate representation of the truth. In any case, only a serious student of philosophy could attempt to do that."<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=Hardy|editor-first1=Henry|editor-last2=Pottle|editor-first2=Mark|title=Building: Letters 1960–1975|date=2013-08-31|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4481-9134-5|language=en|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=BcY1AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 77]}}</ref> The article was published as a book, now including other public intellectuals, as ''Fly and the Fly-Bottle: Encounters with British Intellectuals'' (1962).<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to English Literature|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-280687-1|edition=7th|language=en|chapter=Mehta, Ved Prakash|doi=10.1093/acref/9780192806871.001.0001}}</ref>

Mehta's autobiography, titled ''Continents of Exile'', was published in 12 instalments between 1972 and 2004. Its first volume, ''Daddyji'' (1972), is part autobiography and part biography of Mehta's father.<ref name="nytobit" /> Mehta became an American citizen in 1975.<ref name="21cwriters" />

==Personal life==
In 1983 he married Linn Fenimore Cooper Cary, the daughter of William Lucius Cary and Katherine Lemoine Fenimore Cary;<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=1983-12-18|title=Linn Cary, an Executive, Is Married to Ved Mehta, Writer, at Cathedral|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/18/style/linn-cary-an-executive-is-married-to-ved-mehta-writer-at-cathedral.html|access-date=2021-01-11|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> his wife's mother was a descendant of [[James Fenimore Cooper]] and the niece of Mehta's former ''New Yorker'' colleague, Henry Sage Fenimore Cooper, Jr.<ref name="Leland"/>

A 1978 profile by [[Madhur Jaffrey]] wrote that Mehta regarded himself as "part Indian", "part English", "part American", and as an "[[expatriate]]".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jaffrey|first=Madhur|author-link=Madhur Jaffrey|date=1978-06-11|title=Ved Mehta—Unique Documentarian|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/11/archives/ved-mehtaunique-documentarian-unique-documentarian.html|access-date=2021-01-11|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Mehta died on 9 January 2021, with complications from [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref name=nytobit>{{Cite news|last=Fox|first=Margalit|date=2021-01-10|title=Ved Mehta, Celebrated Writer for The New Yorker, Dies at 86|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/10/obituaries/ved-mehta-celebrated-writer-for-the-new-yorker-dies-at-86.html|access-date=2021-01-10|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110213005/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/10/obituaries/ved-mehta-celebrated-writer-for-the-new-yorker-dies-at-86.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Publications==

=== Continents of Exile ===

# {{Cite book|title=Daddyji|date=1972|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=0-374-13438-3|oclc=772323}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Corry|first=John|date=1972-05-02|title=Ved Mehta's Private, Blind Universe|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/02/archives/ved-mehtas-private-blind-universe.html|access-date=2021-01-10|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110233826/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/02/archives/ved-mehtas-private-blind-universe.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
# ''Mamaji''. 1979.
# ''Vedi''. 1982.
# ''The Ledge Between the Streams''. 1984.
# ''Sound-Shadows of the New World''. 1986.
# ''The Stolen Light''. 1989.
# ''Up at Oxford''. 1993.
# ''Haunted by Harvard''. 2007 (written c. 1991).
# ''Remembering Mr. Shawn's'' New Yorker: ''The Invisible Art of Editing''. 1998.
# {{Cite book|title=All for Love|date=2001|publisher=[[Perseus Books Group|Thunder's Mouth Press]]; Nation Books|isbn=1-56025-321-5|oclc=45909210}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/ved-mehta/all-for-love-3/|title=All for Love|website=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|date=15 July 2001|language=en|access-date=10 January 2021|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804141235/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/ved-mehta/all-for-love-3/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-56025-321-1|title=All for Love|access-date=2021-01-10|website=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110233830/https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-56025-321-1|url-status=live}}</ref>
# ''Dark Harbor: Building House and Home on an Enchanted Island''. 2003.
# ''The Red Letters: My Father's Enchanted Period''. 2004.

=== Other books ===

{{Incomplete list|date=January 2021}}
*{{Cite book|title=Face to Face: An Autobiography|year=1957|publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company|Little, Brown]]|oclc=264119}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Face to Face|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/ved-mehta-3/face-to-face-7/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|language=en|date=1 August 1959|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110233850/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/ved-mehta-3/face-to-face-7/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{Cite book|title=Walking the Indian Streets|date=1959|publisher=Little, Brown|oclc=1005945330}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Durba|last2=Chattopadhyay|first2=Sayan|date=2020-12-17|title='Walking the Indian Streets': Analysing Ved Mehta's Memoirs of Return|journal=Life Writing|volume=19 |issue=3 |language=en|pages=423–440|doi=10.1080/14484528.2020.1855089|s2cid=234505734|issn=1448-4528}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Walking the Indian Street|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/ved-mehta-8/walking-the-indian-streets/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|language=en|date=15 June 1960|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110233844/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/ved-mehta-8/walking-the-indian-streets/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{Cite book|title=Fly and the Fly-Bottle: Encounters with British Intellectuals|date=1962|publisher=Little, Brown|oclc=2628711}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Czynski|first=Konrad|date=29 December 2011|title=Fly and the Fly-bottle: Encounters with British Intellectuals|url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=12131|access-date=2021-01-10|website=[[The Literary Encyclopedia (English)|The Literary Encyclopedia]]|language=en|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810121215/https://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=12131|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{Cite book|title=The New Theologian|date=1965|publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper and Row]]|oclc=869281713}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alexander|first=W. M.|date=July 1967|title=Review of ''The New Theologian''|journal=[[Theology Today]]|language=en|volume=24|issue=2|pages=245–247|doi=10.1177/004057366702400220|s2cid=170253919|issn=0040-5736}}</ref>
*{{Cite book|title=Delinquent Chacha|date=1966|publisher=Harper & Row|oclc=1406166}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Delinquent Chacha|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/mehta-ved/delinquent-chacha/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|language=en|date=1 April 1967|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110233822/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/mehta-ved/delinquent-chacha/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{Cite book|title=Portrait of India|date=1970|publisher=[[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]]|oclc=1086768025}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gowda|first=H. H. Anniah|date=1972|title=Review of ''Portrait of India''|journal=Indian Literature|volume=15|issue=1|pages=89–91|issn=0019-5804|jstor=23329810}}</ref>
*{{Cite book|title=John Is Easy to Please: Encounters with the Written and the Spoken Word|date=1974|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-14-003707-1|oclc=16232076}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Is Easy to Please|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/ved-mehta-10/john-is-easy-to-please-encounters-with-the-writ/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|language=en|date=1 May 1971|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110233849/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/ved-mehta-10/john-is-easy-to-please-encounters-with-the-writ/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{Cite book|title=Mahatma Gandhi and His Apostles|year=1977|isbn=0-14-004571-6|publisher=Penguin Books|oclc=3167789}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnson|first=Paul|date=1977-02-06|title=Mahatma Gandhi and His Apostles|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/06/archives/mahatma-gandhi-and-his-apostles.html|access-date=2021-01-10|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221065027/http://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/06/archives/mahatma-gandhi-and-his-apostles.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{Cite book|title=The New India|date=1978|publisher=[[Viking Press]]|isbn=0-670-50735-0|oclc=3167771}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Van Praagh|first=David|date=1979|title=The New India?|journal=[[Pacific Affairs]]|volume=52|issue=2|pages=315–318|doi=10.2307/2757426|jstor=2757426}}</ref>
*''The Photographs of Chachaji''
*{{Cite book|title=A Family Affair: India under Three Prime Ministers|date=1982|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-503118-0|oclc=8109459}}<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1982|title=A Family Affair: India Under Three Prime Ministers|language=en-US|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/1982-09-01/family-affair-india-under-three-prime-ministers|access-date=2021-01-10|issn=0015-7120|journal=[[Foreign Affairs]]|archive-date=28 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128041954/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/1982-09-01/family-affair-india-under-three-prime-ministers|url-status=live|last1=Zagoriafall 1982|first1=Donald S.|volume=61 |issue=1 }}</ref>
*''Three Stories of the Raj''
*''Rajiv Gandhi and Rama's Kingdom''
*{{Cite book|title=A Ved Mehta Reader: The Craft of the Essay|date=1998|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=0-300-07189-2|pages=|oclc=37870626}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/ved-mehta/a-ved-mehta-reader/|title=A Ved Mehta Reader|website=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|date=1 August 1998|language=en|access-date=10 January 2021|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110233840/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/ved-mehta/a-ved-mehta-reader/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Mehta received [[Guggenheim Fellowship]]s in 1971 and 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ved Mehta|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/ved-mehta/|access-date=2021-01-10|language=en-US|publisher=[[John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation]]|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110233852/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/ved-mehta/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was named a [[MacArthur Fellow]] in 1982,<ref name=nytobit/> and was elected a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Literature]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Ved Mehta|url=https://rsliterature.org/fellow/ved-mehta-3/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715184000/https://rsliterature.org/fellow/ved-mehta-3/|archive-date=15 July 2020|access-date=2021-01-10|publisher=[[Royal Society of Literature]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Society of Literature All Fellows|url=http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305070326/http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows/M/656|archive-date=5 March 2010|access-date=10 August 2010|publisher=Royal Society of Literature|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He received honorary degrees from Pomona College, [[Bard College]], [[Williams College]], the [[University of Stirling]], and [[Bowdoin College]].<ref name="21cwriters" />

==In popular culture==
The 2021 American anthology comedy film ''[[The French Dispatch]]'' by director [[Wes Anderson]] mentioned ''Ved Mehta'' as one of the inspirations for his film, among other writers & editors of ''The New Yorker'' in the film's final credit rolling scene.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/double-take/the-new-yorker-writers-and-editors-who-inspired-the-french-dispatch|title=The New Yorker Writers and Editors Who Inspired "The French Dispatch"|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=24 September 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan region]]
* [[New Yorkers in journalism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{Cite journal|last=Justman|first=Stewart|date=2010|title=The Advertisement of Guilt|journal=Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal|volume=93|issue=1/2|pages=163–173|doi=10.5325/soundings.93.1.0163|issn=0038-1861|jstor=41200923|s2cid=246640983|doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Slatin|first=John M.|date=1986|title=Blindness and Self-Perception: The Autobiographies of Ved Mehta|journal=Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal|volume=19|issue=4|pages=173–193|issn=0027-1276|jstor=24777662}}

==External links==
{{Archival records}}
*{{official website}}
*{{OL author}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Ved}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows]]
[[Category:Pomona College alumni]]
[[Category:The New Yorker people]]
[[Category:Writers from Lahore]]
[[Category:American people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:American blind writers]]
[[Category:Indian blind writers]]

VerseVille

2025-04-17T13:09:31Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Created New Info First Draft

{{Short description|Indian literary e-magazine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox magazine
| image =
| category = Poetry literary magazine
| frequency = Quarterly
| format =
| founded = {{Start date and age|2008}}
| firstdate =
| publisher =
| editor = Sonnet Mondal
| editor_title = [[Editor-in-chief]]
| based = [[Kolkata, West Bengal]]
| country = India
| issn = 0974-3057
| website = {{URL|http://www.verseville.org/}}
}}
'''''VerseVille''''' (formerly '''''The Enchanting Verses''''') is a [[poetry]] [[online magazine|e-magazine]] based in [[West Bengal]], India. Since 2008 the magazine has published three to four issues per year featuring works of both new and established poets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.mk/view_news.php?id=10|title=Macedonian Poet Todor Calovski Published in India|work=The Independent News Agency|date=21 November 2013|access-date=2 May 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502150221/http://www.independent.mk/view_news.php?id=10|url-status=live}}</ref> The magazine also publishes translations, book reviews, essays on poetry and research articles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mia.mk/en/Inside/RenderSingleNews/382/111905717|title=Todor Calovski poetry published in India |work=Macedonian Information Agency|date=21 November 2013}}</ref> In March 2015, The Independent Newspaper mentioned the Enchanting Verses as ''a leading Indian electronic literary review whose prime focus is the world’s contemporary poetry''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.mk/articles/15395/Zvonko+Taneski%27s+Poetry+Published+in+Indian+%22Enchanting+Verses%22|title=Zvonko Taneski's Poetry Published in Indian "Enchanting Verses"|date=16 March 2015|access-date=17 March 2015|archive-date=18 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818235922/http://www.independent.mk/articles/15395/Zvonko+Taneski%27s+Poetry+Published+in+Indian+%22Enchanting+Verses%22|url-status=live}}</ref> and the ANI News mentioned it as ''a prominent international e-magazine from India'' later in the same month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail2/story208799/poet-diplomat-abhay-k-to-be-guest-editor-of-enchanting-verses.html|title=Poet-diplomat Abhay K to be guest editor of Enchanting Verses|date=16 March 2015|access-date=1 April 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402230039/http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail2/story208799/poet-diplomat-abhay-k-to-be-guest-editor-of-enchanting-verses.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Some notable contributors include [[Sidney Wade]], [[Liao Yiwu]], [[Donald Revell]], [[Tom Bradley (author)]], [[Rae Desmond Jones]], [[Martha Collins (poet)|Martha Collins]], [[Miguel Barnet]], [[Diann Blakely]], [[Charles Harper Webb]], [[Malay Roy Choudhury]], [[Gopi Kottoor]], [[K. Satchidanandan]], Candice James, [[Melissa Studdard]], [[B. R. Dionysius]], [[Taslima Nasrin]], [[Hemant Divate]], [[Abhay Kumar]], [[Kishwar Naheed]], and [[Nathalie Handal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://levurelitteraire.com/linda-ibbotson-210/|title=The Enchanting Verses Literary Review- the journey|work=Levure Litteraire|access-date=17 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402135156/http://levurelitteraire.com/linda-ibbotson-210/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/42399511-enchanting-verses-international-serious-poetry-journal-west-bengal|title=The Enchanting Verses International - a Serious Poetry Journal from West Bengal|work=Washington Bangla Radio USA|date=19 April 2011|accessdate=16 January 2013|archive-date=18 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118223215/http://washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/42399511-enchanting-verses-international-serious-poetry-journal-west-bengal|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

== Collaboration with ''Stremez'' ==
''The Enchanting Verses'' collaborated with the [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonian]] [[literary magazine]] ''Stremez'' in March 2011 to contribute to cultural exchange through poetry between Macedonia and the rest of the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiawrites.org/2011/04/indian-journal-enchanting-verses.html|title=Indian Journal "The Enchanting Verses" Collaborates with Macedonian "Stremez"|work=Asia Writes|date=12 April 2011|accessdate=16 January 2013|archive-date=14 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314081546/http://www.asiawrites.org/2011/04/indian-journal-enchanting-verses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=mk&u=http://www.novamakedonija.com.mk/NewsDetal.asp%3Fvest%3D419111515107%26id%3D26%26setIzdanie%3D22262&ei=YROvTb-0JontrAeQnY2SCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBwQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.novamakedonija.com.mk/NewsDetal.asp%253Fvest%253D419111515107%2526id%253D26%2526setIzdanie%253D22262%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DG%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Ds%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D605%26prmd%3Divns |title=Nova Makedonija (daily newspaper) 20 April 2011 |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-date=26 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726161353/http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=mk&u=http://www.novamakedonija.com.mk/NewsDetal.asp%3Fvest=419111515107&id=26&setIzdanie=22262&ei=YROvTb-0JontrAeQnY2SCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBwQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq=http://www.novamakedonija.com.mk/NewsDetal.asp%3Fvest%3D419111515107%26id%3D26%26setIzdanie%3D22262&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=G&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=s&biw=1366&bih=605&prmd=ivns |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ereporter.com.mk/mk-mk/Details.aspx?Title=16951|title="Стремеж" воспостави соработка со "Инчентин версис"|work=eReporter|accessdate=16 January 2013|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322235341/http://www.ereporter.com.mk/mk-mk/Details.aspx?Title=16951|url-status=live}}</ref> This collaboration has received special mentions in the Diplomatic Bulletin of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia along with other international media.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/sites/default/files/publikacii_dokumenti/MDB%2078%20MNR%20web_0.pdf |title=Diplomatic Bulletin, Macedonia November 2013 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia |access-date=29 April 2014 |archive-date=29 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429184738/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/sites/default/files/publikacii_dokumenti/MDB%2078%20MNR%20web_0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.republika.mk/?p=106104 |title=Enchanting Verses Literary Review published the poetry of the Macedonian poet Todor Chalovski {{!}} Republika Online |website=english.republika.mk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429191507/http://english.republika.mk/?p=106104 |archive-date=2014-04-29}} </ref>

== The Enchanting Poet ==
The journal bestows in each issue the title of ''The Enchanting Poet'' to a poet in recognition of contributions to the world of poetry. Some recipients include [[Sidney Wade]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=mk&u=http://www.mia.mk/mk/Inside/RenderSingleNews/108/118279482&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.mia.mk/mk/Inside/RenderSingleNews/108/118279482%26safe%3Doff%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D643|title=Sidney Wade Enchanting Poet|work=Macedonian Information Agency|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714124234/http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=mk&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mia.mk%2Fmk%2FInside%2FRenderSingleNews%2F108%2F118279482&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mia.mk%2Fmk%2FInside%2FRenderSingleNews%2F108%2F118279482&safe=off&biw=1366&bih=643|url-status=live}}</ref>[[Jayanta Mahapatra]], [[Mateja Matevski]], [[Jovica Tasevski-Eternijan]], and [[Stephen Gill (poet)|Stephen Gill]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=31732&rub=56|title=Republic of Macedonia|work=Culture|date=16 April 2010|accessdate=16 January 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813091252/http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=31732&rub=56|archivedate=13 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theenchantingverses.org/award-winners.html|title=Award Winners|work=The Enchanting Verses Literary Review|accessdate=16 January 2013|archive-date=10 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210092632/http://www.theenchantingverses.org/award-winners.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=31732&rub=56|title=Republic of Macedonia|publisher=Culture|date=16 April 2010|accessdate=16 January 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813091252/http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=31732&rub=56|archivedate=13 August 2012}}</ref>
[[Mateja Matevski]] was featured as The Enchanting Poet in 2011 who won the Golden Wreath Award later in that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/68925994/Macedonian-diplomatic-bulletin-No-50|title=Diplomatic Bulletin 50|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia|access-date=14 August 2023|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305162256/https://www.scribd.com/doc/68925994/Macedonian-diplomatic-bulletin-No-50|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.strugapoetryevenings.com/poets/mateja-matevski/?lang=en|title=Mateja Matevski|access-date=29 April 2014|archive-date=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529113216/http://www.strugapoetryevenings.com/poets/mateja-matevski/?lang=en|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/the-enchanting-verses-literary-review-a-story-of-magazines-past-and-present/15899943.shtml|title=News Article|work=Meri News|access-date=19 August 2014|archive-date=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819130437/http://www.merinews.com/article/the-enchanting-verses-literary-review-a-story-of-magazines-past-and-present/15899943.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=34em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.verseville.org/}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150404114748/http://lider.mk/2015/03/16/makedonski-pesni-vo-edno-od-najpoznatite-indiski-spisanija-incentin-versis/ Economic Leader Newspaper Coverage] (in Macedonian)

{{DEFAULTSORT:VerseVille}}
[[Category:2008 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Poetry magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 2008]]
[[Category:Quarterly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:English-language magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Online magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Mass media in Kolkata]]

Marredpally

2025-03-06T14:17:13Z

Saurabhoaoindia: further rework article as per guidelines additionally and updated info after review

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Marredpally
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Marredpally Mandal
| nickname =
| settlement_type = neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Hyderabad#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Hyderabad, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|26|52.03|N|78|30|31.44|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 =[[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name3 = [[Secunderabad]]
| subdivision_type4 = Zone
| subdivision_name4 = none
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Cantonment Board]] [[GHMC]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 500 026
| registration_plate =TG
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Secunderabad (Assembly constituency)|Secunderabad]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Cantonment Board]] [[GHMC]]
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Marredpally''' is a residential suburb in the city of [[Secunderabad]], a Mandal in the [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad District]] in the Indian state of [[Telangana]]. It is divided into East Marredpally and West Marredpally.<ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/260516/hyderabad-west-marredpally-road-that-cost-rs-32-lakh-dug-up-again.html West Marredpally road that cost Rs 32 lakh dug up again]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160426195940/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Safilguda-East-Marredpally-Road-Proposal-Awaits-CMs-Approval/2016/04/25/article3398532.ece Safilguda-East Marredpally Road Proposal Awaits CM's Approval]</ref>

==Demographics==
The number of registered voters is 43,837.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghmc2009.in/constituency/Marredpally.html |title=Marredpally, Hyderabad |access-date=30 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155313/http://www.ghmc2009.in/constituency/Marredpally.html |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[TSRTC]] connects Marredpally to many parts of the city. The closest [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS Train Station]] is [[Secunderabad]]. The nearest railway station is [[Secunderabad Railway Station|Secunderabad]].

The nearest Metro station for Marredpally is Parade Ground Station, which is also an intersection of two lines of Hyderabad Metro.

==Notable==
* [[J. Geeta Reddy]] (born 1947), ex-Minister for Major Industries, Sugar, Commerce & Export Promotion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portal.ap.gov.in/Government/Lists/Council%20of%20Ministers/DispForm.aspx?ID=14|title=AP Government Portal - Official Andhra Pradesh State Govt. Portal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006153616/http://www.portal.ap.gov.in/Government/Lists/Council%20of%20Ministers/DispForm.aspx?ID=14|archive-date=6 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Sarvey Sathyanarayana]], ex-Minister for R&B
* Chief Justice N. Kumarayya, of [[Andhra Pradesh]] High Court; judge of International Tribunal at the [[World Bank]]
* Mudigonda Markandeya (born 1928), retired District Sessions Judge; also appointed by the Government as One Man Commission of Inquiry

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==

{{Neighbourhoods of Hyderabad}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Geography of Secunderabad]]

Vinod Gothwal

2025-02-16T17:43:44Z

Saurabhoaoindia: Created Initial Details And Citations

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = Dharmendra Kumar
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| constituency = [[Pilibanga Assembly constituency|Pilibanga]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Vinod Gothwal''' is an Indian politician, and he is currently representing [[Pilibanga Assembly constituency]] as a Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news |title= पीलीबंगा चुनाव रिजल्ट 2023 : कांग्रेस के विनोद गोठवाल ने जीती जंग |url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/webstories/state/rajasthan/pilibanga-election-result-2023-congress-vinod-gothwal-bjp-dharmendra-mochi-rajasthan-vidhan-sabha-chunav-result-2023-stb-lrzigxh |date= 3 December 2023 |access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref>
He is a member of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pilibanga Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate Vinod Kumar Wins From Pilibanga |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/pilibanga-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-bsp-aap-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-news-1647023 |date=3 December 2023 |access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gothwal, Vinod}}
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]

{{Rajasthan-INC-politician-stub}}

Internment of Chinese-Indians

2025-01-03T02:01:30Z

Saurabhoaoindia: small update layout for accuracy

#REDIRECT [[Internment of Chinese Indians]]
{{Rcat shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

M. S. N. Charities

2024-10-12T08:24:38Z

Saurabhoaoindia:

{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes|date=March 2010}}
{{prose|date=January 2018}}
{{one source|date=March 2010}}
}}
'''M.S.N. Charities''' is a [[Charitable organization|charitable organisation]] established at [[East Godavari District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India, in 1915, from the [[Will and testament|will]] of [[Malladi Satyalinga Naicker|Malladi Satyalingam Naicker]], who died on 29 January 1915.

==Malladi Satyalingam Naicker ==
[[File:Sri Malladi Satyalingam Naicker.jpg|thumb|The Bronze statue of founder of MSN Charities Sri Malladi Satyalingam Naicker]]

Malladi Satyalingam Naicker belongs to the Agnikulakshatriya Community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eastgodavari.nic.in/eminentpersons/msnaicker.aspx|title=Life History of Sri Malladi Satyalingam Naicker (Sole Donor of M.S.N. Charities) |publisher=East Godavari District|accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref> He was born in [[Coringa, East Godavari district|Coringa]], a small village near [[Kakinada]] about 1843.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|date=7 February 2009|title=MSN Charities to observe Naicker's death anniversary|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/07/stories/2009020751760300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311102820/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/07/stories/2009020751760300.htm|archive-date=11 March 2013}}</ref>

Satyalingam Naicker died in [[Rangoon]] on 29 January 1915 when he was about 75 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/may/21/andhra-pradesh-government-turns-blind-eye-as-politico-runs-aqua-pond-kiln-on-land-allotted-for-educ-1817341.html|title=Andhra Pradesh government turns blind eye as politico runs aqua pond, kiln on land allotted for educational projects|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:M S N Charities}}
[[Category:Charities based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1915 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1915]]

Amrutesvara Temple, Amruthapura

2024-07-13T21:56:08Z

Saurabhoaoindia: made the place added tags

{{Short description|Temple in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Amrutesvara Temple, Amruthapura
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline = Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura in Chikkamagaluru district.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = ''Ekakuta'' (singly shrined), Amruteshvara temple, 1196, [[Chikkamagaluru district]]
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.741|N|75.854|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chikkamagaluru District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1196 CE
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
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| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Amruteshvara temple''' also spelt "Amrutesvara" or "Amruteshwara", is located in the village of Amruthapura, 67 km north of [[Chikmagalur]] town in the [[Chikkamagaluru district]] of the [[Karnataka|Karnataka state]], [[India]]. Located 110 km from [[Hassan, India|Hassan]] and 50 km from [[Shimoga]] on NH 206, Amruthapura is known for the Amruteshvara temple. The temple was built in 1196 CE by Amrutheshwara ''Dandanayaka'' (''lit'', "commander") under [[Hoysala]] King [[Veera Ballala II]].<ref name="ASI"/>

==Amrutesvara temple==
[[File:Profile of Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura in Chikkamagaluru district.JPG|thumb|left|Profile, Amrutesvara temple (1196 CE)]]
[[File:Large open manapa with lathe turned pillars and nandi (bull) facing the sanctum in the Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|left|thumb|upright|Open ''mantapa'' (hall) with shining, lathe-turned pillars in Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura]]
[[File:Kirtimukha sculptures on shikhara (tower) of Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.jpg|right|thumb|upright|''[[Kirtimukha]]'' decoration (demon faces) on ''[[Shikhara]]'' (tower) at Amruthapura]]
[[File:Old Kannada inscription (1196 AD) in the Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Old Kannada inscription (1196 CE) in the Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura]]
The temple is a built according to [[Hoysala architecture]] with a wide open ''mantapa'' (hall).<ref name="hall">Foekema (1996), p37</ref> The temple has an original outer wall with unique equally spaced circular carvings. The temple has one ''[[Vimana (shrine)|vimana]]'' (shrine and tower) and therefore is a ''ekakuta'' design,<ref name="kuta">Quote:"Depending on the number of towers, temples are classified as ''ekakuta'' (one), ''dvikuta'' (two), ''trikuta'' (three), ''chatushkuta'' (four) and ''panchakuta'' (five). The last two types are rare. Sometimes a ''trikuta'' temple is literally not ''trikuta'' as only the central of three shrines may have a superstructure", Foekema (1996), p25</ref> and has a closed ''mantapa'' (hall) that connects the sanctum to the large open ''[[mantapa]]''.

It is medium-sized Hoysala temple with certain vastu features similar to the [[Veera Narayana Temple, Belavadi]] in ''mantapa'' structure and size. The open ''mantapa'' has twenty nine bays,<ref name="bay">Quote:"A bay is a square or rectangular compartment in the hall", Foekema (1996) p36, p93</ref> and the closed ''mantapa'' has nine bays with a side porch that leads to a separate shrine on the south side. The shrine is square in shape has the original superstructure (''[[shikhara]]'') which is adorned with sculptures of ''[[Kirtimukha]]s'' (demon faces), miniature decorative towers ([[aedicule]]). Below the superstructure, the usually seen panel of [[Hindu]] deities is absent. The base of the wall has five mouldings which according to art critic Foekema is an "older Hoysala style".<ref name="mould">Quote:"In a typical "older style" that was popular throughout most of the 12th century Hoysala temples, there is one set of [[eaves]] where the tower meets the wall of the shrine. The eaves runs all around the temple. Eaves is a projecting roof overhanging the temple wall. Below the eaves are decorated miniature towers on pilasters. Below these towers are the wall panels of Hindu Gods, Goddesses and their attendants. Below these panels are the five mouldings", Foekema (1996), p28</ref> The ''[[sukanasi]]'', the tower on top of the [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]] that connects the sanctum to the closed ''mantapa'' (the ''Sukanasi'' appears like the nose of the superstructure),<ref name="nose">Foekema(1996), p22</ref> has the original Hoysala emblem of "Sala" fighting the lion.<ref name="lion">Foekema (1996), p22</ref><ref name="sala">According to Kamath, Sala fights a tiger. According to historians such as C. Hayavadhana Rao, [[J Duncan M Derrett|J. D. M. Derrett]] and B. R Joshi, "Sala" was the mythical founder of the empire, Kamath (2001), p123</ref>

The rows of shining lathe turned pillars that support the ceiling of the ''mantapa'' is a Hoysala-Chalukya decorative idiom.<ref name="lathe">Quote:"a common feature of Western Chalukya-Hoysala temples", Kamath (2001), p117</ref> The ''mantapa'' has many deeply domed inner ceiling structures adorned with floral designs. The outer parapet wall of the open ''mantapa'' has a total of hundred and forty panel sculptures with depictions from the Hindu epics. Unlike many Hoysala temples where the panels are small and carvings in miniature, these panels are comparatively larger. The [[Ramayana]] is sculpted on the south side wall on seventy panels, with the story proceeding quite unusually, in anti-clockwise direction. On the north side wall, all depictions are clockwise, a norm in Hoysala architectural articulation. Twenty five panels depict the life of the Hindu god [[Krishna]] and the remaining forty five panels depict scenes from the epic [[Mahabharata]].<ref name="lathe"/>

Ruvari Mallitamma, the well known sculptor and architect is known to have started his career here working on the domed ceilings in the main ''mantapa''.<ref name="mailtamma">''Architectural marvel'' by P.B.Premkumar, ''Spectrum'', Tuesday, 20 January 2004 {{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan202004/spt6.asp |title=Architectural marvel - Deccan Herald |access-date=2006-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060530075405/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan202004/spt6.asp |archive-date=2006-05-30 }}</ref>

The large stone inscription near the porch contains poems composed by medieval Kannada poet [[Janna]] who had the honorific ''Kavichakravarti'' (''lit'', "emperor among poets").<ref name="ASI">{{cite web|url=http://asibengalurucircle.in/amritesvara-temple-amruthapura |title=Amritesvara Temple |work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle |publisher=ASI Bengaluru Circle |access-date=26 July 2021 }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths=105>
File:Profile of shrine in Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|Profile of shrine outer wall with ''Shikara'' (tower) at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Mantapa outer wall articulation in Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|Close up of mantapa wall with miniature decorative towers, swirls and flourish in relief at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Shrine wall relief at Amruteshvara temple in Amruthapura, Chikkamagaluru district.JPG|Mantapa wall with miniature decorative towers ([[aedicule]]) in relief at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Outer wall relief at Amruteshvara temple in Amruthapura, Chikkamagaluru district.JPG|Wall relief at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Wall decoration in relief in Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|Wall relief at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Close up of outer wall relief at Amruteshvara temple in Amruthapura, Chikkamagaluru district.JPG|Close up of wall relief at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
Image:Wall Carving at Amrutesvara Temple in Chikkamagaluru district.jpg|Wall relief sculpture of the Amrutesvara temple
Image:Battle scene in relief in Amruthesvara Temple at Amruthapura in Chikkamagaluru district.jpg|Wall relief sculpture at the Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Mythological scene from the Hindu legend in relief in the Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|Wall relief sculpture at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Scene from the Hindu legend in relief in the Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|Wall relief sculpture at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Perforated window art at mantapa entrance in Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|Perforated window art at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Hindu deity sculpture in the Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura 1.JPG|Hindu deity sculpture at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Domical ceiling art in Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura.JPG|Domical ceiling art at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Domical ceiling art in Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura 1.JPG|Domical ceiling art at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
File:Domical ceiling art in Amrutesvara temple at Amruthapura 6.JPG|Domical ceiling art at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
Image:Wall Sculpture at Amrutesvara Temple in Chikkamagaluru district.jpg|Wall relief sculpture, Amrutesvara temple
File:Decorative swirls on mantapa wall at Amruteshvara temple in Amruthapura, Chikkamagaluru district.JPG|Decorative swirls in bas-relief on mantapa outer wall at Amrutesvara temple, Amruthapura
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Hoysala architecture]]
* [[Chikkamagaluru District]]

==References==
* Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 {{ISBN|978-81-7017-345-8}}
* Suryanath U. Kamath, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002) {{LCCN|809051799}}, {{OCLC|7796041}}.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Amrutesvara Temple, Amruthapura}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060530075405/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jan202004/spt6.asp Architectural marvel]

{{Chikkamagaluru topics}}
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

[[Category:12th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Chikmagalur district]]

List of butterflies of the Western Ghats

2023-12-27T22:27:09Z

Saurabhoaoindia: cleanup

{{Short description|none}}
This is a '''list of [[butterfly]] species found in the [[Western Ghats]]''' region. This region is a [[biodiversity hotspot]] and about 334 species of butterflies have been recorded.

* [[Papilionidae]]—swallowtail butterflies (19 species)
* [[Pieridae]]—yellow-white butterflies (34 species)
* [[Nymphalidae]]—brush-footed butterflies (97 species)
* [[Riodinidae]]—metalmark butterflies (1 species)
* [[Lycaenidae]]—blues, hairstreaks and gossamer-winged butterflies (101 species)
* [[Hesperiidae]]—skipper butterflies (83 species)

==Family Papilionidae==

===Subfamily Papilioninae===

==== Genus ''Graphium'' (''Pathysa'')—swordtails and zebras ====
[[Image:RN001 Pathysa nomius UP.jpg|thumb|[[Pathysa nomius|Spot swordtail]]]]
* [[Pathysa nomius|Spot swordtail]], ''Pathysa nomius'' ([[Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper|Esper]], 1798)
* [[Pathysa antiphates|Fivebar swordtail]], ''Pathysa antiphates '' ([[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1775)

==== Genus ''Graphium''—bluebottles and jays ====

* [[Graphium doson|Common jay]], ''Graphium doson'' ([[Cajetan Freiherr von Felder|C. & R. Felder]], 1864)
* [[Graphium agamemnon|Tailed jay]], ''Graphium agamemnon'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
* [[Graphium sarpedon|Common bluebottle]], ''Graphium sarpedon'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])

==== Genus ''Atrophaneura'' (''Pachliopta'')—roses ====
[[Image:Pachliopta hector.jpg|thumb|[[Pachliopta hector|Crimson rose]]]]
* [[Pachliopta aristolochiae|Common rose]], ''Pachliopta aristolochiae'' ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775)
* [[Pachliopta hector|Crimson rose]], ''Pachliopta hector'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
* [[Pachliopta pandiyana|Malabar rose]], ''Pachliopta pandiyana'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1881)

==== Genus ''Troides''—birdwings ====

* [[Troides minos|Southern birdwing]], ''Troides minos'' ([[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1779)

==== Genus ''Papilio'' (''Chilasa'')—mimes ====

* [[Papilio clytia|Common mime]], ''Papilio (Chilasa) clytia'', [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]

==== Genus ''Papilio'' (''Papilio'')—swallowtails ====

* [[Papilio liomedon|Malabar banded swallowtail]], ''Papilio liomedon'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1874)
* [[Papilio polymnestor|Blue Mormon]], ''Papilio polymnestor'' ([[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1775)
* [[Papilio helenus|Red Helen]], ''Papilio helenus'' ( [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
* [[Papilio polytes|Common Mormon]], ''Papilio polytes'' ( [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
* [[Papilio dravidarum|Malabar raven]], ''Papilio dravidarum'' ([[James Wood-Mason|Wood-Mason]], 1880)
* [[Papilio demoleus|Lime butterfly]], ''Papilio demoleus'' ( [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
* [[Papilio crino|Common banded peacock]], ''Papilio crino'' ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1792)
* [[Papilio buddha|Malabar banded peacock]], ''Papilio buddha'' ([[John O. Westwood|Westwood]], 1872)
* [[Papilio paris|Paris peacock]], ''Papilio paris'' ( [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])

==Family Pieridae ==

===Subfamily ''Pierinae''—whites===

====Genus ''Pieris''—whites====
*[[Pieris canidia|Indian cabbage white]], ''Pieris canidia'' [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1768

====Genus ''Anaphaeis''—pioneers====
[[Image:Anapheis aurota ad sec.jpg|thumb|[[Anaphaeis aurota|Pioneer (caper white)]]]]
* [[Anaphaeis aurota|Pioneer (caper white)]], ''Anaphaeis aurota'' [[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1793

====Genus ''Cepora''—gulls====
* [[Cepora nerissa|Common gull]], ''Cepora nerissa'' [[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775
* [[Cepora nadina|Lesser gull]], ''Cepora nadina'' Lucas, 1852

====Genus ''Ixias''—Indian orange tips====
[[Image:Ixias pyrene.jpg|thumb|[[Ixias pyrene|Yellow orange tip]]]]
* [[Ixias marianne|White orange tip]], ''Ixias marianne'' [[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1779
* [[Ixias pyrene|Yellow orange tip]], ''Ixias pyrene'' [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1764

====Genus ''Delias''—Jezebels====
[[Image:Jezebel.jpg|thumb|[[Delias eucharis|Common Jezebel]]]]
* [[Delias eucharis|Common Jezebel]], ''Delias eucharis'' [[Dru Drury|Drury]], 1773

====Genus ''Prioneris''—sawtooths====
* [[Prioneris sita|Painted sawtooth]], ''Prioneris sita'' [[Cajetan Freiherr von Felder|C. Felder]], 1865

====Genus ''Appias''—puffins and albatrosses====
* [[Appias lalage|Spot puffin]], ''Appias lalage'' ([[Henry Doubleday (1808–1875)|Doubleday]], 1842)
* [[Appias indra|Plain puffin]], ''Appias indra'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1857
* [[Appias libythea|Striped albatross]], ''Appias libythea'' [[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775
* [[Appias lyncida|Chocolate albatross]], ''Appias lyncida'' [[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1777
* [[Appias albina|Common albatross]], ''Appias albina'' Felder
* [[Appias wardii|Lesser albatross]], ''Appias wardii'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1884)

====Genus ''Leptosia''—Psyche ====
* [[Leptosia nina|Psyche]], ''Leptosia nina'' [[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1793

====Genus ''Hebomoia''—great orange tip====
* [[Hebomoia glaucippe|Great orange tip]], ''Hebomoia glaucippe'' [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]

====Genus ''Colotis''—Arabs====
[[Image:VB 008 CrimsonTip UP.jpg|thumb|[[Colotis danae|Crimson-tip]]]]
* [[Colotis amata|Small salmon Arab]], ''Colotis amata'' [[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775
* [[Colotis phisadia|Blue-spotted Arab]], ''Colotis phisadia'' ([[Jean Baptiste Godart|Godart]], 1819)
* [[Colotis vestalis|White Arab]], ''Colotis vestalis'' ([[Arthur Gardiner Butler|Butler]], 1876)
* [[Colotis fausta|Large salmon Arab]], ''Colotis fausta'' (Olivier, 1804)
* [[Colotis etrida|Small orange-tip]], ''Colotis etrida'' [[Jean Baptiste Boisduval|Boisduval]], 1836
* [[Colotis aurora|Plain orange-tip]], ''Colotis aurora'' (Cramer, 1780)
* [[Colotis danae|Crimson-tip]], ''Colotis danae'' ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775)

====Genus ''Pareronia''—wanderers====
* [[Pareronia ceylanica|Dark wanderer]], ''Pareronia ceylanica'' ([[Cajetan Freiherr von Felder|C. & R. Felder]], 1865)
* [[Pareronia valeria|Common wanderer]], ''Pareronia valeria'' ([[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1776)

===Subfamily ''Coliadinae''—yellows===

[[Image:Catopsilia pyranthe ad sec.jpg|thumb|[[Catopsilia pyranthe|Mottled emigrant]]]]

====Genus ''Catopsilia''—emigrants====
* [[Catopsilia pomona|Common emigrant]], ''Catopsilia pomona'' [[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775
* [[Catopsilia pyranthe|Mottled emigrant]], ''Catopsilia pyranthe'' [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1758

[[Image:Eurema hecabe.jpg|thumb|[[Eurema hecabe|Common grass yellow]]]]

====Genus ''Eurema''—grass yellows====
* [[Eurema brigitta|Small grass yellow]], ''Eurema brigitta'' [[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1780
* [[Eurema laeta|Spotless grass yellow]], ''Eurema laeta'' [[Jean Baptiste Boisduval|Boisduval]], 1836
* [[Eurema andersonii|One-spot grass yellow]], ''Eurema andersonii'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]]
* [[Eurema hecabe|Common grass yellow]], ''Eurema hecabe'' [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
* [[Eurema blanda|Three-spot grass yellow]], ''Eurema blanda'' [[Jean Baptiste Boisduval|Boisduval]], 1836
* [[Eurema nilgiriensis|Nilgiri grass yellow]], ''Eurema nilgiriensis''

====Genus ''Colias''—clouded yellows====
* [[Colias nilgiriensis|Nilgiri clouded yellow]], ''Colias nilgiriensis''

==Family Nymphalidae==

===Subfamily Libytheinae===

====Genus ''Libythea''—beaks====
* [[Libythea laius|Lobed beak]], ''Libythea laius'' ([[Roland Trimen|Trimen]], 1879)
* [[Libythea myrrha|Club beak]], ''Libythea myrrha'', ([[Jean Baptiste Godart|Godart]], 1819)

===Subfamily Danainae===
[[Image:Tirumala limniace ad sec.jpg|thumb|[[Tirumala limniace|Blue tiger]]]]
[[Image:Plain tiger m up.JPG|thumb|[[Danaus chrysippus|Plain tiger]]]]

====Genus ''Parantica''—glassy tigers ====
* [[Parantica aglea|Glassy tiger]], ''Parantica aglea'' ([[Caspar Stoll|Stoll]], 1782)
* [[Parantica nilgiriensis|Nilgiri tiger]], ''Parantica nilgiriensis'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1877)

====Genus ''Tirumala''—blue tigers====
* [[Tirumala septentrionis|Dark blue tiger]], ''Tirumala septentrionis'' ([[Arthur Gardiner Butler|Butler]], 1874)
* [[Tirumala limniace|Blue tiger]], ''Tirumala limniace'' [[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1775

====Genus ''Danaus''—tigers====
* [[Danaus chrysippus|Plain tiger]], ''Danaus chrysippus'' [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
* [[Danaus genutia|Common or striped tiger]], ''Danaus genutia'' [[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1779

====Genus ''Euploea''—crows====

* [[Euploea core|Common Indian crow]], ''Euploea core'' ([[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1780)
* [[Euploea sylvester|Double-branded crow]], ''Euploea sylvester'' ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1793)
* [[Euploea klugii|Blue king crow]], ''Euploea klugii'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1858

====Genus ''Idea''—tree nymphs====
* [[Idea malabarica|Malabar tree nymph]], ''Idea malabarica'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1877

===Subfamily Charaxinae===

====Genus ''Charaxes''—rajahs====
* [[Charaxes bernardus|Tawny rajah]], ''Charaxes bernardus'' ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1793)
* [[Charaxes solon|Black rajah]], ''Charaxes solon'' ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1793)

====Genus ''Polyura''—nawabs====
[[Image:Polyura athamas.jpg|thumb|''[[Polyura athamas|Common nawab]]'']]
* [[Polyura schreiberi|Blue nawab]], ''Polyura schreiberi'' ([[Jean Baptiste Godart|Godart]], 1819)
* [[Polyura athamas|Common nawab]], ''Polyura athamas'' ([[Dru Drury|Drury]], 1773)
* [[Polyura agraria|Anomalous common nawab]], ''Polyura agraria''

===Subfamily Morphinae===

====Genus ''Discophora''—duffers ====
* [[Discophora lepida|Southern duffer]], ''Discophora lepida'' (Moore, 1857)

====Genus ''Amathusia''—palmking ====
* [[Amathusia phidippus|Palmking]], ''Amathusia phidippus'' Linnaeus, 1763

===Subfamily Satyrinae===
[[Image:Mycalesis anaxias.jpg|thumb|[[Mycalesis anaxias|Whitebar bushbrown]]]]
[[Image:Bushbrown talakaveri bar.jpg|thumb|''[[Lethe europa]]'']]
[[Image:Melanitis leda sec.jpg|thumb|[[Melanitis leda|Common evening brown]]]]
[[Image:Palmfly.jpg|thumb|[[Elymnias hypermnestra|Common palmfly]]]]

====Genus ''Mycalesis''—bushbrowns ====
* [[Mycalesis anaxias|Whitebar bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis anaxias'' Hewitson, 1862
* [[Mycalesis igilia|Small longbrand bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis igilia'' [[Hans Fruhstorfer|Fruhstorfer]], 1909
* [[Mycalesis visala|Long-brand bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis visala'' Moore, 1858
* [[Mycalesis khasia|Palebrand bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis khasia'' Evans, 1920
* [[Mycalesis adolphei|Redeye bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis adolphei'' (Guérin-Ménéville, 1843)
* [[Mycalesis davisoni|Palni bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis mamerata davisoni''
* [[Mycalesis oculus|Red-disc bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis oculus'' Marshall, 1880
* [[Mycalesis patnia|Gladeye bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis patnia'' Moore, 1857
* [[Mycalesis subdita|Tamil bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis subdita'' Moore
* [[Mycalesis perseus|Common bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis perseus'' (Fabricius, 1775)
* [[Mycalesis mineus|Dark branded bushbrown]], ''Mycalesis mineus'' (Linnaeus, 1758)

====Genus ''Lethe''—treebrowns ====
* [[Lethe rohria|Common treebrown]], ''Lethe rohria'' (Fabricius, 1787)
* [[Lethe drypetis|Tamil treebrown]], ''Lethe drypetis'' (Hewitson, ?1868)
* [[Lethe europa|Bamboo treebrown]], ''Lethe europa'' (Fabricius, 1775)

====Genus ''Ypthima''—rings ====
* [[Ypthima asterope|Common threering]], ''Ypthima asterope''
* [[Ypthima avanta|Jewel fourring]], ''Ypthima avanta'' Moore, 1875
* [[Ypthima baldus|Common fivering]], ''Ypthima baldus'' (Fabricius, 1775)
* [[Ypthima ceylonica|White fourring]], ''Ypthima ceylonica'' Hewitson, 1865
* [[Ypthima chenui|Nilgiri fourring]], ''Ypthima chenui'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1843)
* [[Ypthima huebneri|Common fourring]], ''Ypthima huebneri'' Kirby, 1871
* [[Ypthima philomela|Baby fivering]], ''Ypthima philomela'' (Linnaeus, 1763)
* [[Ypthima ypthimoides|Palni fourring]], ''Ypthima ypthimoides'' Moore, 1881

====Genus ''Zipaetis''—catseyes ====
* [[Zipaetis saitis|Tamil catseye]], ''Zipaetis saitis'' Hewitson, 1863

====Genus ''Orsotriaena''—nigger ====
* [[Orsotriaena medus|Nigger]], ''Orsotriaena medus'' (Fabricius, 1775)

====Genus ''Melanitis''—evening browns ====
* [[Melanitis leda|Common evening brown]], ''Melanitis leda'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* [[Melanitis phedima|Dark evening brown]], ''Melanitis phedima'' (Cramer, 1780)
* [[Melanitis zitenius|Great evening brown]], ''Melanitis zitenius'' (Herbst, 1796)

====Genus ''Parantirrhoea''—Travancore evening brown ====
* [[Parantirrhoea marshalli|Travancore evening brown]], ''Parantirrhoea marshalli'' Wood-Mason, 1880

====Genus ''Elymnias''—palmflies ====
* [[Elymnias hypermnestra|Common palmfly]], ''Elymnias hypermnestra'' (Linnaeus, 1763)

===Subfamily Heliconiinae===
[[Image:Cupha erymanthis dandeli.jpg|thumb|[[Cupha erymanthis|Rustic]]]]
[[Image:Phalantha p ad sec.jpg|thumb|[[Phalantha phalantha|Leopard]]]]

====Genus ''Vindula''—cruiser====
* [[Vindula erota|Cruiser]], ''Vindula erota'' Fabricius, 1793

====Genus ''Cirrochroa''—yeomen====
* [[Cirrochroa thais|Tamil yeoman]], ''Cirrochroa thais'' (Fabricius, 1787)

====Genus ''Cupha''—rustic====
* [[Cupha erymanthis|Rustic]], ''Cupha erymanthis'' (Drury, 1773)

====Genus ''Phalanta''—leopards====
* [[Phalanta alcippe|Small leopard]], ''Phalanta alcippe'' Stoll, 1782
* [[Phalanta phalantha|Leopard]], ''Phalanta phalantha'' Drury, 1773

====Genus ''Argynnis''—fritillaries ====
* [[Argynnis hyperbius|Indian fritillary]], ''Argynnis hyperbius'' Linnaeus, 1763

====Genus ''Cethosia''—lacewings====
* [[Cethosia nietneri|Tamil lacewing]], ''Cethosia nietneri'' Felder & Felder, 1867

===Subfamily Acraeinae===

====Genus ''Acraea''—tawny coster====
[[image:RN022 Acraea violae UP.jpg|thumb|[[Acraea terpsicore|Tawny coster]]]]
* [[Acraea terpsicore|Tawny coster]], ''Acraea terpsicore'' (Linnaeus, 1758)

===Subfamily Limenitidinae===

====Genus ''Limenitis''—admirals====
* [[Limenitis procris|Commander]], ''Limenitis procris'' (Cramer, 1777)

====Genus ''Athyma''—sergeants ====
[[Image:VB 019 Color Sergeant UP.jpg|thumb|Colour sergeant (''Athyma nefte'')]]
* [[Athyma perius|Common sergeant]], ''Athyma perius'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* [[Athyma ranga|Blackvein sergeant]], ''Athyma ranga'' Moore, 1857
* [[Athyma selenophora|Staff sergeant]], ''Athyma selenophora'' (Kollar, 1844)
* [[Athyma nefte|Colour sergeant]], ''Athyma nefte'' (Cramer, 1780)

====Genus ''Pantoporia''—lascars ====
* [[Pantoporia hordonia|Common lascar]], ''Pantoporia hordonia'' (Stoll, 1790)
* [[Pantoporia sandaka|Extra lascar]], ''Pantoporia sandaka'' (Butler, 1892)

====Genus ''Neptis''—sailers====
[[Image:Neptis hylas.jpg|thumb|''Neptis hylas'']]
[[Image:Neptis templeton.jpg|thumb|''Pantoporia hordonia'']]
* [[Neptis hylas|Common sailer]], ''Neptis hylas'' Linnaeus, 1758
* [[Neptis columella|Shortbanded sailer]], ''Neptis columella''
* [[Neptis jumbah|Chestnut-streaked sailer]], ''Neptis jumbah'' Moore, 1857
* [[Neptis viraja|Yellowback sailer]], ''Neptis viraja''
* [[Neptis soma|Sullied sailer]], ''Neptis soma''
* [[Neptis nata|Clear sailer]], ''Neptis nata''
* [[Neptis clinia|Southern sullied sailer]], ''Neptis clinia''

====Genus ''Parthenos''—clipper====
* [[Parthenos sylvia|Clipper]], ''Parthenos sylvia'' (Cramer, 1775)

====Genus ''Euthalia''—barons====
* [[Euthalia aconthea|Common baron]], ''Euthalia aconthea'' (Cramer, 1777)
* [[Euthalia lubentina|Gaudy baron]], ''Euthalia lubentina'' (Cramer, 1777)
* [[Euthalia nais|Baronet]], ''Euthalia nais'' (Forster, 1771)
* [[Euthalia telchinia|Blue baron]], ''Euthalia telchinia'' (Ménétriés, 1857)

====Genus ''Tanaecia''—counts====
* [[Tanaecia lepidea|Grey count]], ''Tanaecia lepidea'' (Butler, 1868)

====Genus ''Dophla''—dukes====
* [[Dophla evelina|Redspot duke]], ''Dophla evelina'' (Stoll, 1790)

===Subfamily Cyrestinae===

====Genus ''Cyrestis''—map butterflies ====
* [[Cyrestis thyodamas|Common map]], ''Cyrestis thyodamas'' Boisduval, 1836

===Subfamily Biblidinae===

====Genus ''Ariadne''—castors====
* [[Ariadne ariadne|Angled castor]], ''Ariadne ariadne'' Linnaeus, 1763
* [[Ariadne merione|Common castor]], ''Ariadne merione''

====Genus ''Byblia''—joker====
* [[Byblia ilithyia|Joker]], ''Byblia ilithyia'' (Drury, 1773)

===Subfamily Apaturinae===
[[Image:VB 031 Courtsean UN 02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Euripus consimilis|Painted courtesan]], ''Euripus consimilis'']]

====Genus ''Rohana''====
* [[Rohana parisatis|Black prince]], ''Rohana parisatis'' (Westwood, 1850)

====Genus ''Euripus''—courtesans ====
* [[Euripus consimilis|Painted courtesan]], ''Euripus consimilis'' (Westwood, 1850)

===Subfamily Nymphalinae===
[[Image:VB 007 PeacockPansy.jpg|thumb|[[Junonia almana|Peacock pansy]]]]
[[Image:Blue pansy.JPG|thumb|[[Junonia orithya|Blue pansy]]]]

====Genus ''Vanessa''—admirals, painted lady====
* [[Vanessa indica|Indian red admiral]], ''Vanessa indica'' (Herbst, 1794)
* [[Vanessa cardui|Painted lady]], ''Vanessa cardui''

====Genus ''Kaniska'' ====
* [[Kaniska canace|Blue admiral]], ''Kaniska canace'' (Linnaeus, 1763)

====Genus ''Junonia''—pansies ====
* [[Junonia atlites|Gray pansy]], ''Junonia atlites'' (Linnaeus, 1763)
* [[Junonia almana|Peacock pansy]], ''Junonia almana'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* [[Junonia hierta|Yellow pansy]], ''Junonia hierta'' (Fabricius, 1798)
* [[Junonia iphita|Chocolate pansy]], ''Junonia iphita'' (Cramer, 1779)
* [[Junonia lemonias|Lemon pansy]], ''Junonia lemonias'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* [[Junonia orithya|Blue pansy]], ''Junonia orithya'' (Linnaeus, 1758)

====Genus ''Hypolimnas''—eggflies====
* [[Hypolimnas bolina|Great eggfly]], ''Hypolimnas bolina'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* [[Hypolimnas misippus|Danaid eggfly]], ''Hypolimnas misippus'' (Linnaeus, 1764)

====Genus ''Kallima''—oakleafs====
* [[Kallima inachus|Orange oakleaf]], ''Kallima inachus'' (Boisduval, 1846)
* [[Kallima horsfieldii|South Indian blue oakleaf]], ''Kallima horsfieldii'' Kollar, 1844

====Genus ''Doleschallia''—autumn leaf====
* [[Doleschallia bisaltide|Autumn leaf]], ''Doleschallia bisaltide malabarica'' (Cramer, 1777)

==Family Riodinidae==

===Subfamily Nemeobiinae===

====Genus ''Abisara''—Judies====
* [[Abisara echerius|Plum Judy]], ''Abisara echerius'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1901)

==Family Lycaenidae==

===Subfamily Curetinae===

====Genus ''Curetis''—sunbeams====
* [[Curetis thetis|Indian sunbeam]], ''Curetis thetis'' ([[Dru Drury|Drury]], 1773) (L40.1)
* [[Curetis siva|Shiva's sunbeam]], ''Curetis siva'' Evans, 1954
* [[Curetis dentata|Toothed sunbeam]], ''Curetis dentata'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1879

===Subfamily Miletinae===

====Genus ''Logania''—mottles====
* [[Logania distanti|Mottle]], ''Logania distanti'' Semper, 1889.

====Genus ''Spalgis''—apefly====
* [[Spalgis epius|Apefly]], ''Spalgis epius'' (Westwood, 1851) (L6.1)

===Subfamily Polyommatinae===

====Genus ''Talicada''—red Pierrot====
* [[Talicada nyseus|Red Pierrot]], ''Talicada nyseus'' [[Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville|Guérin]], 1843. (L8.1)

====Genus ''Castalius''—common Pierrot====
* [[Castalius rosimon|Common Pierrot]], ''Castalius rosimon'' Fabricius, 1775. (L9.1)
* [[Castalius ananda|Dark Pierrot]], ''Castalius ananda'' de Nicéville, 1884 previously ''Tarucus ananda'' de Nicéville (L10.1)

====Genus ''Caleta''—angled Pierrot====
* [[Caleta caleta|Angled Pierrot]], ''Caleta caleta'' Hewitson, 1876 earlier ''Castalius caleta'' Moore (L9.2)

====Genus ''Discolampa''—banded blue Pierrot====
* [[Discolampa ethion|Banded blue Pierrot]], ''Discolampa ethion'' Westwood, 1851 earlier ''Castalius ethion'' Doubleday & Hewitson (L9.3)

====Genus ''Tarucus''—blue Pierrots====
* [[Tarucus callinara|Spotted Pierrot]], ''Tarucus callinara'' Butler, 1886 (L10.4)
* [[Tarucus nara|Striped Pierrot]], ''Tarucus nara'' Kollar, 1848 (L10.9)
* [[Tarucus indica|Indian Pierrot]], ''Tarucus indica'' Evans, 1932
* [[Tarucus balkanicus|Balkan Pierrot]], ''Tarucus balkanicus'' (Freyer, 1845)

====Genus ''Syntarucus''—zebra blue====
* [[Syntarucus plinius|Zebra blue]], ''Syntarucus plinius'' (Fabricius, 1793) (L11.1) (synonyms ''Leptotus plinius'', ''Tarucus plinius'')

====Genus ''Azanus''—babul blues====
* [[Azanus ubaldus|Bright babul blue]], ''Azanus ubaldus'' Cramer, 1782 (L12.1)
* [[Azanus uranus|Dull babul blue]], ''Azanus uranus'' Butler, 1886 (L12.2)
* [[Azanus jesous|African babul blue]], ''Azanus jesous'' Guérin-Meneville, 1847 (L12.4)

====Genus ''Neopithecops''—Quaker====
* [[Neopithecops zalmora|Quaker]], ''Neopithecops zalmora'' Butler 1870 (L15.1)

====Genus ''Megisba''—Malayan====
* [[Megisba malaya|Malayan]], ''Megisba malaya'' (Horsfield, 1828) (H20.1, p. 220)

====Genus ''Celastrina''—hedge blues====
* [[Celastrina lavendularis|Plain hedge blue]], ''Celastrina lavendularis'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1877) previously ''Lycaenopsis lavendularis'' Moore (L19.15)

====Genus ''Acytolepis''—hedge blues====
* [[Acytolepis puspa|Common hedge blue]], ''Acytolepis puspa'' (Horsfield, 1828) previously ''Lycaenopsis puspa'' (''Toxopeus'') (L19.1)
* [[Acytolepis lilacea|Hampson's hedge blue]], ''Acytolepis lilacea'' (Hampson, 1889) previously ''Lycaenopsis lilacea'' Hampson (L19.2)

====Genus ''Akasinula''—white hedge blue====
* [[Akasinula akasa|White hedge blue]], ''Akasinula akasa'' (Horsfield, 1828) previously ''[[Lycaenopsis akasa]]'' Frühstorfer (L19.10)

====Genus ''Cyaniris''—hedge blues====
* [[Cyaniris albidisca|Whitedisc hedge blue]], ''Cyaniris albidisca'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1883 previously ''Lycaenopsis albidisca'' Moore (L19.6)

====Genus ''Polyommatus''—meadow blues====
* [[Polyommatus singalensis|Singhalese hedge blue]], ''Polyommatus singalensis'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1877 previously ''Lycaenopsis singalensis'' Felder (L19.13)

====Genus ''Chilades''—lime blue====
* [[Chilades lajus|Lime blue]], ''Chilades lajus'' (Stoll, [1780]) (L21.1)
* [[Chilades parrhasius|Indian Cupid]], ''Chilades parrhasius'' (Fabricius, 1793) previously ''Everes parrhasius'' Fabricius (L16.4)

====Genus ''Luthrodes''—Cupids====
* [[Luthrodes contracta|Small Cupid]], ''Luthrodes contracta'' (Butler, 1880) previously ''Euchrysops contracta'' Butler (L23.2)?
* [[Luthrodes pandava|Plains Cupid]], ''Luthrodes pandava'' (Horsfield, 1829) previously ''Euchrysops pandava'' Horsfield (L23.3)

====Genus ''Zizeeria''—grass blues====
* [[Zizeeria lysimon|Dark grass blue]], ''Zizeeria lysimon'' (Hübner, 1798–1803) (L22.3)
* [[Zizeeria otis|Lesser grass blue]], ''Zizeeria otis'' (Fabricius, 1787) (L22.5)

====Genus ''Pseudozizeeria''—pale grass blue====
* [[Pseudozizeeria maha|Pale grass blue]], ''Pseudozizeeria maha'' (Kollar, 1848) previously ''[[Zizeeria maha]]'' Kollar (L22.2)

====Genus ''Zizula''—tiny grass blue====
* [[Zizula gaika|Tiny grass blue]], ''Zizula gaika'' (Trimen, 1862) synonym ''Zizula hylax'' (Fabricius 1775) (now suppressed) (L22.4)

====Genus ''Freyeria''—grass jewel====
* [[Freyeria trochylus|Grass jewel]], ''Freyeria trochylus'' (Freyer, 1845) previously ''Zizeeria trochilus'' Freyer (L22.1)

====Genus ''Euchrysops''—gram blues====
* [[Euchrysops cnejus|Gram blue]], ''Euchrysops cnejus'' (Fabricius, 1798) (L23.1)

====Genus ''Anthene''—ciliate blues====
* [[Anthene emolus|Ciliate blue]], ''Anthene emolus'' ([[Jean Baptiste Godart|Godart]], 1823) previously ''Lycaenesthes emolus'' Godart (L24.1)
* [[Anthene lycaenina|Pointed ciliate blue]], ''Anthene lycaenina'' ([[Cajetan Freiherr von Felder|C. Felder]], 1868) previously ''Lycaenesthes lycaenina'' Felder (L24.2)

====Genus ''Catachrysops''—forget-me-nots====
* [[Catachrysops strabo|Forget-me-not]], ''Catachrysops strabo'' (Fabricius, 1793) (L25.1)
* [[Catachrysops panoramus|Silver forget-me-not]], ''Catachrysops panoramus'' (C. Felder, 1860)

====Genus ''Lampides''—ceruleans and the peablue====
* [[Lampides boeticus|Peablue]], ''Lampides boeticus'' (Linnaeus, 1767) (L26.1)

====Genus ''Jamides''—ceruleans====
* [[Jamides bochus|Dark cerulean]], ''Jamides bochus'' Stoll, 1782 (L27.1)
* [[Jamides celeno|Common cerulean]], ''Jamides celeno'' (Cramer, 1775) (L27.3)
* [[Jamides alecto|Metallic cerulean]], ''Jamides alecto'' (Felder, 1860) (L27.7)

====Genus ''Nacaduba''—lineblues====
* [[Nacaduba pactolus|Large four-line blue]], ''Nacaduba pactolus'' (Felder, 1860) (L30.2)
* [[Nacaduba hermus|Pale four-line blue]], ''Nacaduba hermus'' (Felder, 1860) (L30.3)
* [[Nacaduba helicon|Pointed lineblue]], ''Nacaduba helicon'' Felder,? (L30.7)
* [[Nacaduba kurava|Transparent six-line blue]], ''Nacaduba kurava'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1857) (L30.8)
* [[Nacaduba beroe|Opaque six-line blue]], ''Nacaduba beroe'' (Felder & Felder, 1865) (L30.9)
* [[Nacaduba berenice|Rounded six-line blue]], ''Nacaduba berenice'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (L30.10)
* [[Nacaduba calauria|Dark Ceylon six-line blue]], ''Nacaduba calauria'' (C. Felder, 1860)

====Genus ''Prosotas''—lineblues====
* [[Prosotas nora|Common Lineblue]], ''Prosotas nora'' (Felder, 1860) previously ''Nacaduba nora'' Felder (L30.13)
* [[Prosotas dubiosa|Tailless lineblue]], ''Prosotas dubiosa'' (Semper, 1879) previously ''Nacaduba dubiosa'' Evans (L30.14)
* [[Prosotas noreia|White-tipped lineblue]], ''Prosotas noreia'' (Felder, 1868) previously ''Nacaduba noreia'' Felder (L30.15)

====Genus ''Petrelea''—dingy lineblue====
* [[Petrelea dana|Dingy lineblue]], ''Petrelea dana'' (De Nicéville, 1884) previously ''Nacaduba dana'' de Nicéville (L30.16)

===Subfamily Theclinae===

====Genus ''Iraota''—silverstreak blues====
* [[Iraota timoleon|Silverstreak blue]], ''Iraota timoleon'' [[Caspar Stoll|Stoll]], 1790 (L41.1)

====Genus ''Horsfieldia''—leaf blue====
* [[Horsfieldia anita|Leaf blue]], ''Horsfieldia anita'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]]

====Genus ''Thaduka''—many-tailed oak-blue====
* [[Thaduka multicaudata|Many-tailed oak-blue]], ''Thaduka multicaudata'' Moore, 1878 (L43.1)

====Genus ''Arhopala''—oakblues====
* [[Arhopala amantes|Large oakblue]], ''Arhopala amantes'' (Hewitson, 1862) previously ''Amblypodia amantes'' Hewitson (L45.18)
* [[Arhopala abseus|Aberrant bushblue]], ''Arhopala abseus'' (Hewitson, 1862) previously ''Amblypodia abseus'' (L45.39)
* [[Arhopala atrax|Dark broken-band oakblue]], ''Arhopala atrax'' (Hewitson, 1862)

====Genus ''Nilasera''—oakblues====
* [[Nilasera centaurus|Centaur oakblue]], ''Nilasera centaurus'' (Fabricius, 1775) previously ''Amblypodia centaurus'' Moore (L45.16)

====Genus ''Panchala''—oakblues====
* [[Panchala alea|Rosy oakblue]], ''Panchala alea'' (Hewitson, 1862) previously ''Amblypodia alea'' Hewitson (L45.11)

====Genus ''Narathura''—Tamil oakblue====
* [[Narathura bazaloides|Tamil oakblue]], ''Narathura bazaloides'' (Hewitson, 1878) previously ''Amblypodia bazaloides'' Hewitson (L45.23)

====Genus ''Surendra''—acacia blue====
* [[Surendra quercetorum|Common acacia blue]], ''Surendra quercetorum'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1857) (L46.1)

====Genus ''Zinaspa''—silver streaked acacia blue====
* [[Zinaspa todara|Silver streaked acacia blue]], ''Zinaspa todara'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1883) previously ''[[Surendra todara]]'' Moore (L46.2)

====Genus ''Loxura''—yamfly====
* [[Loxura atymnus|Yamfly]], ''Loxura atymnus'' (Cramer, 1782) (L48.1)

====Genus ''Zesius''—redspot====
* [[Zesius chrysomallus|Redspot]], ''Zesius chrysomallus'' [[Jacob Hübner|Hübner]], 1819/21 (L53.1)

====Genus ''Pratapa''—tufted royals====
* [[Pratapa deva|White royal]], ''Pratapa deva'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1857) (L54.5)

====Genus ''Ancema''—royals====
* [[Ancema blanka|Silver royal]], ''Ancema blanka'' (De Nicéville, 1895) previously ''[[Pratapa blanka]]'' Evans (L54.4)

====Genus ''Creon''—broadtail royal====
* [[Creon cleobis|Broadtail royal]], ''Creon cleobis'' (Godart, 1823) previously ''[[Pratapa cleobis]]'' Godart (L54.8)

====Genus ''Tajuria''—royals====
* [[Tajuria jehana|Plains blue royal]], ''Tajuria jehana'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1883 (L55.12)
* [[Tajuria cippus|Peacock royal]], ''Tajuria cippus'' (Fabricius, 1798) (L55.13)
* [[Tajuria maculata|Spotted royal]], ''Tajuria maculata'' Hewitson, ? (L55.17)

====Genus ''Ops''—branded royal====
* [[Ops melastigma|Branded royal]], ''Ops melastigma'' (De Nicéville, 1887) previously ''Tajuria melastigma'' de Nicéville (L55.4)

====Genus ''Charana''—mandarin blues====
* [[Charana jalindra|Banded royal]], ''Charana jalindra'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]] (L56.1)

====Genus ''Cheritra''—common imperial====
* [[Cheritra freja|Common imperial]], ''Cheritra freja'' (Fabricius, 1793) (L60.1)

====Genus ''Rathinda''—monkeypuzzle====
* [[Rathinda amor|Monkeypuzzle]], ''Rathinda amor'' (Fabricius, 1775) (L63.1)

====Genus ''Horaga''—onyxs====
* [[Horaga onyx|Common onyx]], ''Horaga onyx'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1857) (L64.1)
* [[Horaga viola|Brown onyx]], ''Horaga viola'' [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1882 (L64.4)

====Genus ''Catapaecilma''—common tinsel====
* [[Catapaecilma elegans|Common tinsel]], ''Catapaecilma elegans'' Druce, 1873 (L64.1)

====Genus ''Chliaria''—tits====
* [[Chliaria othona|Orchid tit]], ''Chliaria othona'' (Hewitson, 1865) (L66.1)
* [[Chliaria nilgirica|Nilgiri tit]], ''Chliaria nilgirica'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1883) previously ''Hypolycaena nilgirica'' Moore (L67.1)

====Genus ''Zeltus''—fluffy tit====
* [[Zeltus etolus|Fluffy tit]], ''Zeltus etolus'' ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1787) (L68.1)

====Genus ''Deudorix''—cornelians====
* [[Deudorix epijarbas|Cornelian]], ''Deudorix epijarbas'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1857) (L70.1)

====Genus ''Virachola''—guava blues====
* [[Virachola isocrates|Common guava blue]], ''Virachola isocrates'' (Fabricius, 1793) (L71.1)
* [[Virachola perse|Large guava blue]], ''Virachola perse'' (Hewitson, 1863) (L71.2)

====Genus ''Rapala''—flashes====
* [[Rapala varuna|Indigo flash]], ''Rapala varuna'' (Hewitson, 1863) (L72.7)
* [[Rapala schistacea|Slate flash]], ''Rapala schistacea'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1879) (L72.8)
* [[Rapala iarbus|Common red flash]], ''Rapala iarbus'' (Fabricius, 1787) previously ''[[Rapala jarbas]]'' Fabricius (L72.13)

====Genus ''Vadebra''—Malabar flash====
* [[Vadebra lankana|Malabar flash]], ''Vadebra lankana'' ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1879) previously ''Rapala lankana'' Moore (L72.3)

====Genus ''Bindahara''—plane====
* [[Bindahara phocides|Plane]], ''Bindahara phocides'' (Fabricius, 1793) (L74.1)

===Subfamily Aphnaeinae===

====Genus ''Cigaritis''—silverlines====
* [[Cigaritis acamas|Tawny silverline]], ''Cigaritis acamas'' (Klug, 1834) (L51.1)
* [[Cigaritis vulcanus|Common silverline]], ''Cigaritis vulcanus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (L52.1)
* [[Cigaritis lohita|Long-banded silverline]], ''Cigaritis lohita'' (Horsfield, [1829]) (L52.11)
* [[Cigaritis schistacea|Plumbeous silverline]], ''Cigaritis schistacea'' (Moore, [1881]) (L52.2)
* [[Cigaritis abnormis|Abnormal silverline]], ''Cigaritis abnormis'' (Moore, [1884]) (L52.4)
* [[Cigaritis ictis|Common shot silverline]], ''Cigaritis ictis'' (Hewitson, [1865]) (L52.5)
* [[Cigaritis elima|Scarce shot silverline]], ''Cigaritis elima'' (Moore, 1877) (L52.6)
* [[Cigaritis lilacinus|Lilac silverline]], ''Cigaritis lilacinus'' (Moore, 1884) (L51.2)

==Family Hesperiidae==

===Subfamily Coeliadinae===

====Genus ''Badamia''—brown awl====
* [[Badamia exclamationis|Brown awl]], ''Badamia exclamationis'' (Fabricius, 1775)

====Genus ''Bibasis''—orange tailed awl====
* [[Bibasis gomata|Pale green awlet]], ''Bibasis gomata'' (Moore, 1865)
* [[Bibasis jaina|Orange awlet]], ''Bibasis jaina'' (Moore, 1865)
* [[Bibasis sena|Orangetail awl]], ''Bibasis sena'' (Moore, 1865)

====Genus ''Choaspes''—awlkings====
* [[Choaspes benjaminii|Indian awlking]], ''Choaspes benjaminii'' (Guérin-Meneville, 1843)

====Genus ''Hasora''—awls====
* [[Hasora badra|Common awl]], ''Hasora badra'' (Moore, 1857)
* [[Hasora chromus|Common banded awl]], ''Hasora chromus'' (Cramer, 1780)
* [[Hasora taminatus|White banded awl]], ''Hasora taminatus'' (Hübner, 1818)
* [[Hasora vitta|Plain banded awl]], ''Hasora vitta'' (Butler, 1870)

===Subfamily Hesperiinae===

====Genus ''Aeromachus''—scrub hoppers====
* [[Aeromachus dubius|Dingy scrub-hopper]], ''Aeromachus dubius'' (Elwes & Edwards, 1897)
* [[Aeromachus pygmaeus|Pygmy grass or scrub-hopper]], ''Aeromachus pygmaeus'' (Fabricius, 1775)

====Genus ''Ampittia''—bush hoppers====
* [[Ampittia dioscorides|Bush hopper]], ''Ampittia dioscorides'' (Fabricius, 1793)

====Genus ''Arnetta''—bobs====
* [[Arnetta mercara|Coorg forest hopper]], ''Arnetta mercara'' (Evans, 1932)
* [[Arnetta vindhiana|Vindhyan bob]], ''Arnetta vindhiana'' (Moore, 1883)

====Genus ''Baoris''—swifts====
* [[Baoris farri|Paintbrush swift]], ''Baoris farri'' (Moore, 1878)

====Genus ''Baracus''—hedge hoppers====
* [[Baracus vittatus|Hedge hopper or Hampson's hedge-hopper]], ''Baracus vittatus'' (Felder, 1862)

====Genus ''Pseudoborbo''—Bevan's swift====
* [[Pseudoborbo bevani|Beavan's swift]], ''Pseudoborbo bevani'' (Moore, 1878) ?

====Genus ''Borbo''—swifts====
* [[Borbo cinnara|Rice swift]], ''Borbo cinnara'' (Wallace, 1866)

====Genus ''Caltoris''—swifts====
* [[Caltoris canaraica|Kanara swift]], ''Caltoris canaraica'' (Moore, 1883)
* [[Caltoris kumara|Blank swift]], ''Caltoris kumara'' (Moore, 1878)
* [[Caltoris philippina|Philippine swift]], ''Caltoris philippina'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

====Genus ''Cupitha''—wax dart====
* [[Cupitha purreea|Wax dart]], ''Cupitha purreea'' (Moore, 1877)

====Genus ''Erionota''—palm redeye====
* [[Erionota thrax|Palm redeye]], ''Erionota thrax'' (Linnaeus, 1767)

====Genus ''Gangara''—giant redeye====
[[Image:Gangara thyrsis ad sec.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gangara thyrsis|Giant redeye]], ''Gangara thyrsis'']]
* [[Gangara thyrsis|Giant redeye]], ''Gangara thyrsis'' (Fabricius, 1775)

====Genus ''Gegenes''====
* [[Gegenes nostradamus|Dingy swift]], ''Gegenes nostrodamus'' (Fabricius, 1793)

====Genus ''Halpe''—aces====
* [[Halpe homolea|Indian ace or Ceylon ace]], ''Halpe homolea'' (Hewitson, 1868)
* [[Halpe porus|Moore's ace]], ''Halpe porus'' (Mabille, 1876)
* [[Iambrix salsala|Chestnut bob]], ''Iambrix salsala'' (Moore, 1865)

====Genus ''Matapa''—branded redeye====
* [[Matapa aria|Common redeye]], ''Matapa aria'' (Moore, 1865)

====Genus ''Notocrypta''—demons====
[[Image:Notocrypta curvifascia wyn.jpg|thumb|[[Notocrypta curvifascia|Restricted demon]]]]
* [[Notocrypta curvifascia|Restricted demon]], ''Notocrypta curvifascia'' (Felder & Felder, 1862)
* [[Notocrypta paralysos|Common banded demon]], ''Notocrypta paralysos'' (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881)

====Genus ''Parnara'' ====
* [[Parnara naso|African straight or straight swift]], ''Parnara naso'' (Fabricius, 1798)
* [[Parnara ganga|Continental swift]], ''Parnara ganga'' (Evans, 1937)

====Genus ''Pelopidas''—branded swifts====
* [[Pelopidas agna|Dark branded swift]], ''Pelopidas agna'' (Moore, 1865)
* [[Pelopidas assamensis|Great swift]], ''Pelopidas assamensis'' (De Nicéville, 1882)
* [[Pelopidas conjuncta|Conjoined swift]], ''Pelopidas conjuncta'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
* [[Pelopidas mathias|Dark small-branded swift]], ''Pelopidas mathias'' (Fabricius, 1798)
* [[Pelopidas subochracea|Large branded swift]], ''Pelopidas subochracea'' (Moore, 1878)
* [[Pelopidas thrax|Pale small-branded swift]], ''Pelopidas thrax'' (Hübner, 1821)

====Genus ''Polytremis'' ====
* [[Polytremis lubricans|Contiguous swift]], ''Polytremis lubricans'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

====Genus ''Potanthus''—darts====
* [[Potanthus confucius|Confucian dart or Chinese dart]], ''Potanthus confucius'' (Felder & Felder, 1862)
* [[Potanthus pallida|Pallied dart]], ''Potanthus pallida'' (Evans, 1932)
* [[Potanthus palnia|Palni dart]], ''Potanthus palnia'' (Evans, 1914)
* [[Potanthus pava|Pava dart]], ''Potanthus pava'' (Fruhstorfer, 1911)
* [[Potanthus pseudomaesa|Pseudomaesa or common dart]], ''Potanthus pseudomaesa'' (Moore, 1881)

====Genus ''Psolos''—coon====
* [[Psolos fuligo|Coon]], ''Psolos fuligo'' (Mabille, 1876)

====Genus ''Quedara''====
* [[Quedara basiflava|Yellow-base flitter or golden tree flitter]], ''Quedara basiflava'' (De Nicéville, 1888)

====Genus ''Salanoemia''—lancer====
* [[Salanoemia sala|Maculate lancer]], ''Salanoemia sala'' (Hewitson, 1866)

====Genus ''Sovia''====
* [[Sovia hyrtacus|Bicolour ace]], ''Sovia hyrtacus'' (De Nicéville, 1897)

====Genus ''Suastus''—palm bob====
* [[Suastus gremius|Indian palm bob]], ''Suastus gremius'' (fabricius, 1798)
* [[Suastus minuta|Small palm bob]], ''Suastus minuta'' (Moore, 1877)

====Genus ''Taractrocera''—grass darts====
* [[Taractrocera ceramas|Tamil grass dart]], ''Taractrocera ceramas'' (Hewitson, 1868)
* [[Taractrocera maevius|Common grass dart]], ''Taractrocera maevius'' (Fabricius, 1793)

====Genus ''Telicota''—palm darts====
* [[Telicota ancilla|Dark palm dart]], ''Telicota ancilla'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
* [[Telicota colon|Pale palm dart]], ''Telicota colon'' (Fabricius, 1775)

====Genus ''Cephrenes''====
* [[Cephrenes chrysozona|Plain palm dart]], ''Cephrenes chrysozona'' (Plötz, 1883)

====Genus ''Thoressa''—aces====
* [[Thoressa astigmata|Southern spotted ace]] or unbranded ace ''Thoressa astigmata'' (Swinhoe, 1890)
* [[Thoressa evershedi|Evershed's ace]], ''Thoressa evershedi'' (Evans, 1910)
* [[Thoressa honorei|Madras ace]], ''Thoressa honorei'' (De Nicéville, 1887)
* [[Thoressa sitala|Tamil ace]] or Sitala ace ''Thoressa sitala'' (De Nicéville, 1885)

====Genus ''Udaspes''—grass demon====
[[image:Grass demon.JPG|thumb|[[Udaspes folus|Grass demon]]]]
* [[Udaspes folus|Grass demon]], ''Udaspes folus'' (Cramer, 1775)

====Genus ''Hyarotis''—flitters====
* [[Hyarotis adrastus|Tree flitter]], ''Hyarotis adrastus'' (Stoll, 1782)
* [[Hyarotis microstrictum|Brush flitter]], ''Hyarotis microstrictum'' (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1887)

====Genus ''Oriens''—dartlets====
* [[Oriens concinna|Tamil dartlet]], ''Oriens concinna'' (Elwes & Edwards, 1897)
* [[Oriens goloides|Common dartlet]], ''Oriens goloides'' (Moore, 1881)

===Subfamily Pyrginae===

====Genus ''Caprona ''—angles====
* [[Caprona ransonnetti|Golden angle]], ''Caprona ransonnetti'' (Felder, 1868)
* [[Caprona agama|Spotted angle]], ''Caprona agama'' (Moore, 1857 )
* [[Caprona alida|Spotted angle]], ''Caprona alida'' (De Nicéville, 1891)

====Genus ''Celaenorrhinus''—flat====
* [[Celaenorrhinus ambareesa|Malabar spotted flat]], ''Celaenorrhinus ambareesa'' (Moore, 1865)
* [[Celaenorrhinus leucocera|Common spotted flat]], ''Celaenorrhinus leucocera'' (Kollar, 1848)
* [[Celaenorrhinus ruficornis|Tamil spotted flat]], ''Celaenorrhinus ruficornis'' (Mabille, 1878)

====Genus ''Coladenia''—pied flats====
* [[Coladenia dan|Fulvous pied flat]], ''Coladenia dan'' (Fabricius, 1787)
* [[Coladenia indrani|Tricolour flat]], ''Coladenia indrani'' (Moore, 1865)

====Genus ''Gerosis''—white flat====
* [[Gerosis bhagava|Common yellowbreasted flat]], ''Gerosis bhagava'' (Moore, 1865) ?

====Genus ''Gomalia''====
* [[Gomalia elma|African mallow skipper or marbled skipper]], ''Gomalia elma'' (Trimen, 1862)

====Genus ''Odontoptilum''—angles====
* [[Odontoptilum angulata|Chestnut angle or banded angle]], ''Odontoptilum angulata'' (Felder, 1862)

====Genus ''Sarangesa''—small flats====
* [[Sarangesa dasahara|Common small flat]], ''Sarangesa dasahara'' (Moore, 1865)
* [[Sarangesa purendra|Spotted small flat]], ''Sarangesa purendra'' (Moore, 1882)

====Genus ''Spialia ''—grizzled skippers====
* [[Spialia galba|Indian grizzled skipper or Indian skipper]], ''Spialia galba'' (Fabricius, 1793)

====Genus ''Tagiades''—snow flats====
[[Image:Flat nagerhole.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tagiades gana|Immaculate/large/suffused snow flat]], ''Tagiades gana'']]
* [[Tagiades gana|Immaculate/large/suffused snow flat]], ''Tagiades gana'' (Moore, 1865)
* [[Tagiades jepetus|Common/Ceylon snow flat]], ''Tagiades jepetus'' (Stoll, 1782)
* [[Tagiades litigiosa|Water snow flat]], ''Tagiades litigiosa'' (Möschler, 1878)

====Genus ''Tapena''—angles====
* [[Tapena thwaitesi|Angled flat or black angle]], ''Tapena thwaitesi'' (Moore, 1881)

==See also==
* [[Butterfly]]
* [[List of butterflies of India]]
* [[Fauna of India]]
* [[Flora of India]]
* [[List of butterflies of Kerala]]
* [[c:Butterflies of Kerala|Butterflies of Kerala]] (in Commons)
* [[List of butterflies of Tamil Nadu]]
* [[List of butterflies of Karnataka]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Kunte, K. (In press.) Checklist of the Butterflies of the Western Ghats, Southwestern India. In K. A. Subramanian (ed.) Diversity and Conservation of Invertebrates in the Western Ghats.
*{{cite book |last=Evans |first1=W.H. |authorlink=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932 }}
*{{cite book|last=Wynter-Blyth |first=Mark Alexander |authorlink=Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth |title=Butterflies of the Indian Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ |year=1957 |location=Bombay, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |isbn=978-8170192329 }}
* {{cite book |last=Gaonkar |first=Harish |authorlink=Harish Gaonkar |title=Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System |publisher=Centre for Ecological Sciences |location=Bangalore, India |year=1996 }}
* Larsen, T. B. 1987–88. The butterflies of the Nilgiri Mountains of southern India (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) ''Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society'', vol 84 & 85.

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20130210025504/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ButterflyIndia/ ButterflyIndia email discussion group]
* [http://www.warblersandwaders.org/checklist/butterflies/WG_Checklist%5B1%5D.pdf Western Ghats list]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:Lists of butterflies of India|Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Western Ghats|']]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of India|']]

Martingani

2023-06-20T13:55:34Z

Saurabhoaoindia: stub.

{{short description|Block Tahsil in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Martinganj
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Block Tehsil & Town
| translit_lang1 =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Azamgarh]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Martinganj, Azamgarh|Martinganj]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Taluka
| governing_body = Nagar Panchayat
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=16 May 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 223224
| area_code = 05452
| registration_plate = UP-50
| website =
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = [[kamlakant Rajbhar]] (SP)
| leader_title3 = [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name3 = [[Sangeeta Azad]] (BSP)
}}

'''Martinganj''' is a Nagar panchayat located in the [[Azamgarh]] District of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Its coordinates are 25.910 latitude and 82.809 longitude. [[Lucknow]] is the state capital, located around {{cvt|232.5|km}} from Martinganj. The other surrounding state capitals are Patna {{cvt|234.6|km}}, Ranchi {{cvt|381.1|km}}, and Gangtok {{cvt|598.1|km}}.

==History==
Martingan was settled during the [[British Raj]]. The town was established as a tehsil in 2012 under the [[SHIVAM SAROJ
ministry]]. In October 2020, it was proposed to make Martinganj a [[nagar panchayat]] by the [[First Yogi Adityanath ministry|Yogi Adityanath ministry]].<ref>{{cite news |title=अंग्रेजों के जमाने में बसा यह कस्बा बनेगा नगर पंचायत, शासन ने मांगा प्रस्ताव |url=https://www.patrika.com/azamgarh-news/martinganj-of-azamgarh-will-now-known-nagar-panchayat-6471142/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |work=Patrika News |date=20 October 2020 |language=hindi}}</ref>

==Languages==
The official language is [[Hindi]], and additional official is [[Urdu]].<ref name="langoff"/>

==Religious festivals==
Hindu Festival like [[Navratri]], [[Vijayadashami]] Mela and [[Ramlila]] are celebrated. The primary Muslim festivals celebrated annually in the village are the ld-ul-fitr', ([[Ramadan]]), [[Eid al-Adha|Bakrid]], [[Mid-Sha'ban]], Bara Wafat and [[Muharram]].

==Politics==
In the 2019 general elections [[Sangeeta Azad]] of the [[Bahujan samajwadi Party]] became the Member of Parliament from the [[Lalganj, Uttar Pradesh|Lalganj]] constituency. In the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election of 2017 [[Sukhdev Rajbhar]] of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] became the Member of Legislative Assembly from [[Didarganj (Assembly constituency)]]. The [[Samajwadi Party]], the Bahujan Samaj Party, and the Bharatiya Janata Party are the major political parties in this area.

==Nearest airport==
* [[Azamgarh Airport]] 40.8 km.
* [[Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport]] (Babatpur) 47.9 km.
* [[Akbarpur Airport]] 60.9 km.

==Local media==
Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu daily newspapers, including ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''[[Dainik Jagran]]'', ''[[Amar Ujala]]'' and ''[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]'', are available in Martinganj. Almost all big Hindi TV news channels have [[stringer (journalism)|stringers]] in Azamgarh.

==Communication networks==
All prominent telecommunication network provider in India offer their services in Martinganj.
{| class="wikitable" width=75% style="border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|-
! width="33%" |[[GSM]] Service Providers
! width="33%" |[[CDMA]] Service Providers
! width="33%" |[[Broadband]] Service Providers
|-
| [[Idea Cellular]]
| [[Airtel India|Airtel]]
| [[TATA Communications]]
|-
| [[Reliance Communications]]
| [[Tata Indicom]]
| [[Airtel]]
|-
| [[Airtel]]
| [[BSNL|BSNL WLL]]
| [[Reliance Communications]]
|-
| [[Vodafone]]
| [[Aircel]]
| [[Vodafone]]
|-
| [[Aircel]]
| [[Reliance Communications]]
| [[BSNL Broadband]]
|}

==Radio services==
All radio services available in Martinganj.{{vague|date=May 2019}}

* Voice Of Azamgarh [[Community Radio JIMS Vasant Kunj 90.4 MHz (India)|90.4 MHz]] Community Radio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.voiceofazamgarh.com/ |title=Welcome to Voice of Azamgarh Website |access-date=1 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092404/http://www.voiceofazamgarh.com/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref>
* Air Vivid Bharti [[102.2 MHz]] which Broadcast from Mau District & Covers Azamgarh city too.

==See also==
* [[Martinganj]],
* [[Azamgarh]]
* [[Bhadon, Uttar Pradesh|Badon]]

{{Portal bar|India|Hinduism|Religion}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Azamgarh district}}

[[Category:Villages in Azamgarh district]]