Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Tiruvannamalai Central Bus Station

2026-05-08T11:38:07Z

Saurabh:

{{Short description|Bus station in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Tiruvannamalai Central Bus Station {{R-I|bus}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dinamani.com/edition_vellore/thiruvannamalai/2015/10/07/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA/article3066681.ece|title=பேருந்து நிலைய ஆக்கிரமிப்புகளை அகற்ற வலியுறுத்தல்|work=[[Dinamani]]}}</ref>
| cta_header =
| type =
| style =
| image = Tiruvannamalai Central Bus Station.jpg
| image_caption =
| hangul =
| hanja =
| rr =
| mr =
| address = Vellore road (Chittore-Cuddalore road), [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]{{snd}}606601.
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|12.2398099|79.0731603|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation =
| line =
| other =
| structure =
| platform = 4 (60 Bays)
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking = Yes
| bicycle = Yes
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{Start date|2000|df=y}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}
| code =
| owned = Tiruvannamalai Municipal Corporation
| operator = [[Department of Transport (Tamil Nadu)]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/rti/proactive/transport/handbook-transport.pdf |publisher= www.tn.gov.in |title= Objective of Departments |accessdate=2012-10-07}}</ref>
| zone = [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC Tiruvannamalai Division]]<ref>{{cite news |agency= TNSTC Viluppuram |url= https://tnstc.wordpress.com/tnstc-villupuram/ |title=TNSTC – Villupuram | publisher=Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation | accessdate=16 December 2018 }}</ref>
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers = 3,00,000 per day
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services =
| map_locator =
| route_map =
| map_state = Tamil Nadu
}}

'''Tiruvannamalai Central Bus Station''', commonly known as '''Tiruvannamalai New Bus Stand''', is one of the [[bus terminus|bus termini]] of [[Tiruvannamalai]]. Sister stations include Manalurpet road station and nine other arterial festive time bus stations, which are primarily used for intra-city buses.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://tvmalai.in/temporarybusstand.php|title = Temporary Bus Stands|date = 4 February 2016|access-date = 4 February 2016|website = TV Malai}}</ref> The bus station is located {{convert|0.5|km}} away from [[Tiruvannamalai railway station]]. The ''Shri Tiruvannamalai [[Tiruvannamalai|Arunachaleswarar]] – Abithagujalaambal shrine'' is {{cvt|2|km}} away.

== Services ==
Due to the town's location between [[Bengaluru]] and [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] & [[Vellore]] and [[Trichy]], all Bengaluru bound buses from Villupuram, Cuddalore, [[Kumbakonam]] and Thanjavur pass the terminus. The station is managed by [[Department of Transport (Tamil Nadu)]]. It services premium buses, which are operated by [[State Express Transport Corporation (Tamil Nadu)|SETC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tnstc.wordpress.com/category/tnstc-tiruvannamalai/ |title=TNSTC Tiruvannamalai – TNSTC Blog – TamilNadu State Transport Corporation Blog|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.setc.org.in/setc-routes.php |title=SETC |publisher=}}</ref>

===Beyond Tamil Nadu===

Tiruvannamalai is also serviced by [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] government transport corporations. [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]]'s Rajahamsa, Airavat and Airavat club class buses<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksrtc.in/AWATAROnline/jqreq.do?hiddenAction=SearchService |title=K S R T C. |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=airavat+to+Tiruvannamalai |title=Google |publisher=}}</ref> and other vehicles connect Tiruvannamalai with rest of Karnataka.

[[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] connects Tiruvannamalai with Tirupathi and Hyderabad.

== Connections ==

{| class ="wikitable"
|-
!Platform!!Destinations

|-
|1|| [[Vellore]], [[Chittoor]], [[A.P.S.R.T.C Central Bus Station, Tirupati|Tirupati]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus|Chennai Koyambedu]] via - Vandavasi, [[Arni, Tiruvannamalai|Arni]], [[Chetpet]], [[Vandavasi]], [[Melmalayanur]], [[Arcot, Tamil Nadu|Arcot]], [[Tiruthani]], and [[Sholinghur]]
|-
|1 A|| [[Kilambakkam bus terminus, Chennai|Kilambakkam]], [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], [[Madhavaram Mofussil Bus Terminus|Madhavaram]], [[Gingee]], [[Tindivanam]], [[Melmaruvathur]], [[Chengalpattu]], and [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]]
|-
|2|| [[Mysuru Road Bus Station|Bengaluru]], [[Dharmapuri]], [[Harur]], [[Tiruppattur, Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]], [[Vaniyambadi]], [[Karur]], [[Ooty]], [[Hosur]], [[Hogenakkal (village)|Hogenakkal]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Central Bus Station, Erode|Erode]] and [[Tiruppur]], [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]], [[Uthangarai]]
|-
|3|| [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] - [[Bengaluru]], [[Kolar Gold Fields]], [[Chickmagalur]], [[Davanagere]], [[Shimoga]], [[Hospet]] and [[Talguppa]].
[[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|APSRTC]] – [[Hyderabad]], [[Tirupati|Tirupathi]], [[Madanapalle]], [[Gooty]], [[Guntakal]], [[Proddatur]] and [[Palamaner]]
|-
|4|| [[Cuddalore]], [[Trichy]], [[Madurai]], [[Nagapattinam]], [[Chidambaram]], [[Mayiladuthurai]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Tirunelveli]], [[Karaikudi]], [[Dindigul]] [[Pudukkottai|Pudukottai]], [[Nagercoil]], [[Sengottai|Shencottah]], [[Rajapalayam]] and [[Marthandam]]
|-
|4 sub
|[[Kallakurichi]], [[Attur]], [[Rasipuram]] and Town buses.
|}

== Platforms and Busbays ==

{| class ="wikitable"
|-
!Platform!! Busbay!! Destina
|-
|1|| 7 || Arni
|-
|1|| 8 || Arni / Arcot
|-
|1|| 9 || Arcot
|-
|1|| 10 || Kanchipuram/Tiruthani
|-
|1|| 11 || K.G.F / Gudiyattam
|-
|1|| 12 || Other destinations- exit via Polur/ Avalurpet roads
|-
|1|| 13/14/15 || Town Buses – Medical college, Avalurpet, Collector office, Vengikkal EB etc.,
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/transport/stu.htm State Transport Undertakings]
{{portal bar|Buses}}

[[Category:Bus stations in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Transport in Tiruvannamalai]]

Karimganj North Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T10:00:32Z

Saurabh: Creating a article.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Karimganj North
| mla = Jakaria Ahmed
| party = {{party index link|Indian National Congress|INC}}
| alliance = {{party index link|}}

| latest_election_year = 2026
| state = [[Assam]]
| district = [[Sribhumi district|Sribhumi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency|Karimganj]]

| established = 1951
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 123
| map_image = Karimganj North Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
}}
'''Karimganj North Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 constituencies of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

Karimganj North (constituency number 123) is one of the 4 constituencies located in [[Sribhumi district]]. Karimganj North is part of [[Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Ranendra Mohan Das
| {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
| [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan=2|Rathindra Nath Sen
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| [[Abdul Muqtadir Choudhury]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Nishith Ranjan Das
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| [[Ketaki Prasad Dutta]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[Sirajul Hoque Choudhury]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[Mission Ranjan Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[Sirajul Hoque Choudhury]]
| {{Full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
| [[2000 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan=3|[[Mission Ranjan Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
| [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan=3|[[Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]] <ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| Jakaria Ahmed
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Karimganj North}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Jakaria Ahmed|party=Indian National Congress |votes=122356 |percentage=54.17 |change= }}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Subrata Bhattacharjee|party=BJP|votes= 96353|percentage=42.66 |change= }}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Choudhury Hibbbur Rasul Usama Mabrur|party=All India United Democratic Front|votes=2038 |percentage=0.9 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above (India) |votes=1292 |percentage= 0.57|change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= 26003 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= 225887|percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing=Hold }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Karimganj North<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha
|votes = 45,289
|percentage = 34.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mission Ranjan Das
|votes = 44,821
|percentage = 34.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Sahabul Islam Choudhury
|votes = 34,207
|percentage = 26.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nazrul Islam Choudhury
|votes = 1,704
|percentage = 1.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Abdul Ahad Choudhury
|votes = 1,052
|percentage = 0.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Moinuddin
|votes = 708
|percentage = 0.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Arunangshu Bhattacharjee
|votes = 468
|percentage = 0.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Muhsin Alam
|votes = 420
|percentage = 0.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sibir Ahmed
|votes = 265
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = BGP
|candidate = Bikash Kanti Roy
|votes = 253
|percentage = 0.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Deepan Nath
|votes = 241
|percentage = 0.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Kaysar Ahmed Choudhury
|votes = 237
|percentage = 0.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Amjad Hussain
|votes = 161
|percentage = 0.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Tajuddin Choudhury
|votes = 144
|percentage = 0.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Arun Das
|votes = 137
|percentage = 0.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 674
|percentage = 0.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 468
|percentage = 0.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,30,781
|percentage = 76.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,71,472
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Karimganj]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Karimganj district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]

2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan

2026-05-02T05:49:25Z

Saurabh:

{{Short description|Election to constitute the 18th Lok Sabha in 2024 in Rajasthan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = Parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2019 Indian general election in Rajasthan
| previous_year = 2019
| next_election = 2029 Indian general election in Rajasthan
| next_year = 2029
| election_date = 19 and 26 April 2024
| seats_for_election = All 25 Rajasthan seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha#Rajasthan
| elected_members = List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#Rajasthan
| opinion_polls = 2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan#Opinion polls
| registered =
| turnout = 61.34% ({{decrease}}5%)
| image_size = 100px
| image1 = Bhajan Lal Sharma.jpg
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader1 = [[Bhajan Lal Sharma]]
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| seats_before1 =
| leader_since1 = 2023
| leaders_seat1 = ''Did not contest''
| last_election1 = 59.07%, 25 seats
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 11
| popular_vote1 = '''16,165,859'''
| percentage1 = '''49.24%'''
| swing1 = {{decrease}}9.83 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = PM and Gehlot inaugurate various projects at Nathdwara 2023.jpg
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| leader2 = [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| alliance2 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| leader_since2 = 1998
| leaders_seat2 = Did not contest
| last_election2 = 34.59%, 0 seat
| seats_before2 = 
| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Rajasthan Result Map.svg|300px]]|Partywise Result Map of the 2024 general election in Rajasthan|
[[File:2024 Rajasthan Lok Sabha election alliance wise results.svg|300px]]
|Alliance-wise Result Map of the 2024 general election in Rajasthan}}
| seats1 = '''14'''
| seats2 = 11
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 11
| popular_vote2 = 14,503,246
| percentage2 = 45.09%
| swing2 = {{increase}}10.50[[Percentage point|pp]]
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

The [[2024 Indian general election]] was held in [[Rajasthan]] in two phases on 19 April and 26 April 2024 to elect 25 members of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Rajasthan Lok Sabha Election Dates 2024: Voting to be in 2 phases; check schedule, constituency-wise details |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/rajasthan-lok-sabha-election-dates-2024-voting-to-be-in-2-phases-check-schedule-constituency-wise-details-article-12473281.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/congress-takes-the-bit-between-its-teeth-ahead-of-2024-lok-sabha-election-123012900647_1.html|title=Congress preparing itself internally for 2024 Lok Sabha elections challenge|first=Aditi|last=Phadnis|date=January 29, 2023|website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/elections-2023-rajasthan-madhya-pradesh-rajasthan-tripura-karnataka-elections-lok-sabha-elections/2932655/lite/|title=Elections in 2023: 11 electoral contests that will set the tone for 2024 | The Financial Express|website=www.financialexpress.com|date=31 December 2022 }}</ref> Bye-poll for [[Bagidora Assembly constituency]] is to be held with this election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Veteran tribal leader and Rajasthan Congress MLA Malviya joins BJP |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/veteran-tribal-leader-and-rajasthan-congress-mla-malviya-joins-bjp-1503271092.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> The result of the election was announced on 4 June 2024.

== Election schedule ==
On 16 March 2024, the [[Election Commission of India]] announced the schedule for the [[2024 Indian general election]], with [[Rajasthan]] scheduled to vote during the first two phases on 19 April and 26 April.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Lok Sabha elections to be held in two phases in Rajasthan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-to-be-held-in-two-phases-in-rajasthan-101710601981935.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan schedule.svg|230x230px|thumb|left|Phase wise schedule of [[2024 Indian general election]] in [[Rajasthan]] {{color box|#FFFACD}} Phase 1 {{color box|#87CEFA}} Phase 2]]
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="2" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="2" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|12
|13
|}{{clear left}}

== Parties and alliances ==

=== National Democratic Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}
{|class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[Bhajan Lal Sharma]]
|25
|}

=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]}}
{{clear left}}
[[File:Rajasthan 2024 INDIA seat share.jpg|350px]]
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="55%";
! colspan="2" |Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
|Ashok Gehlot
|22
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|[[Bharat Adivasi Party]]
|[[File:Bharat Adivasi Party.png|50px]]
|
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|1
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px]]
|[[Amra Ram]]
|1
|-
| {{party color cell|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]
|
|[[File:Water bottle RLP election symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|1
|-
!
! colspan="4" |Total
!25
|}

===Others===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="60%" ;
! colspan="2" |Party
!Symbol
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]
|24
|-
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Other}}
|Indian Peoples Green Party
|
|8
|-
|Bheem Tribal Congress
|
|7
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Right to Recall Party}}
|Right to Recall Party
|
|7
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}
|[[Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)]]
|
|5
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Ambedkarite Party of India}}
|[[Ambedkarite Party of India]]
|
|3
|-
| {{party color cell|Other}}
|Bharatiya Yuva Jan Ekta Party
|
|2
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Ikkjutt Jammu}}
|[[Ekam Sanatan Bharat Dal]]
|
|2
|-
|rowspan=14 {{party color cell|Other}}
|[[Rashtriya Janshakti Party- Secular]]
|
|2
|-
|Rashtriya Sawarn Dal
|
|2
|-
|Abhinav Rajasthan Party
|
|1
|-
|Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)
|
|1
|-
|Akhil Bhartiya Aamjan Party
|
|1
|-
|Bahujan Kranti Party (Marxwad-Ambedkarwad)
|
|1
|-
|Bharatheeya Jawan Kisan Party
|
|1
|-
|Bharat Rakshak Party (Democratic)
|
|1
|-
|Bhartiya Garib Vikas Kalyan Party
|
|1
|-
|Bhartiya Jan Adhikar Party
|
|1
|-
|Bhartiya Jan Samman Party
|
|1
|-
|Bhartiya Party
|
|1
|-
|Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party
|
|1
|-
|Dalit Kranti Dal
|
|1
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Hindustan Janata Party}}
|[[Hindustan Janata Party]]
|
|1
|-
|rowspan=7 {{party color cell|Other}}
|Jai Hind Congress Party
|
|1
|-
|National Future Party
|
|1
|-
|National Janmandal Party
|
|1
|-
|Pehchan People's Party
|
|1
|-
|Rajasthan Raj Party
|
|1
|-
|Rashtriya Samta Vikas Party
|
|1
|-
|Rashtriya Sanatan Party
|
|1
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
|
|1
|-
| {{party color cell|Other}}
|Sarv Samaj Party
|
|1
|-
|{{Party colour cell|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}
|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]
|
|1
|-
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Other}}
|Ummeed Party of India
|
|1
|-
|Viro Ke Vir Indian Party
|
|1
|-
|Vishva Shakti Party
|
|1
|-
!
! colspan=2|Total
!88
|}

==Candidates==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}" |[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|-
! No.
! Name
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate
|-
!1
|[[Ganganagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ganganagar]] (SC)
|{{Party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Kuldeep Indora
|-
!2
|[[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency|Bikaner]] (SC)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|-
!3
|[[Churu Lok Sabha constituency|Churu]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|-
!4
|[[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency|Jhunjhunu]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|-
!5
|[[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency|Sikar]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Amra Ram]]
|-
!6
|[[Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur Rural]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Anil Chopra
|-
!7
|[[Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Manju Sharma
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|-
!8
|[[Alwar Lok Sabha constituency|Alwar]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|-
!9
|[[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]] (SC)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|-
!10
|[[Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency|Karauli–Dholpur]] (SC)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|-
!11
|[[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]] (ST)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kanhaiya Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|-
!12
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|-
!13
|[[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bhagirath Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|-
!14
|[[Nagaur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with colour|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|-
!15
|[[Pali Lok Sabha constituency|Pali]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[P. P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|-
!16
|[[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|-
!17
|[[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency|Barmer]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Kailash Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|-
!18
|[[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency|Jalore]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|-
!19
|[[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Udaipur]] (ST)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Tarachand Meena
|-
!20
|[[Banswara Lok Sabha constituency|Banswara]] (ST)
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with colour|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|-
!21
|[[Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chittorgarh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Udai Lal Anjana]]
|-
!22
|[[Rajsamand Lok Sabha constituency|Rajsamand]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Mahima Vishweshwar Singh
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Damodar Gurjar
|-
!23
|[[Bhilwara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhilwara]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[C. P. Joshi]]
|-
!24
|[[Kota Lok Sabha constituency|Kota]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|-
!25
|[[Jhalawar–Baran Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar–Baran]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|}

==Surveys and polls==
===Opinion polls===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Rajasthan (25)}}

===Exit polls===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Rajasthan}}

==Voter turnout==
=== Phase wise ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto;"
!Phase
!Poll date
!Constituencies
!Voter turnout (%)
|-
!I
|19 April 2024
|[[Ganganagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ganganagar]], [[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency|Bikaner]], [[Churu Lok Sabha constituency|Churu]], [[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency|Jhunjhunu]], [[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency|Sikar]], [[Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur Rural]], [[Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur]], [[Alwar Lok Sabha constituency|Alwar]], [[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]], [[Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency|Karauli–Dholpur]], [[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]], [[Nagaur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaur]]
|57.65%
|-
!II
|26 April 2024
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]], [[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer]], [[Pali Lok Sabha constituency|Pali]], [[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]], [[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency|Barmer]], [[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency|Jalore]], [[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Udaipur]], [[Banswara Lok Sabha constituency|Banswara]], [[Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chittorgarh]], [[Rajsamand Lok Sabha constituency|Rajsamand]], [[Bhilwara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhilwara]], [[Kota Lok Sabha constituency|Kota]], [[Jhalawar–Baran Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar–Baran]]
|65.03%
|-
! colspan="3" |Total
!61.34%
|}

=== Constituency wise ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" |Constituency
! Poll date
! Turnout
! Swing
|-
!1
|[[Ganganagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ganganagar]] (SC)
|rowspan="11" bgcolor=#FFFACD|19 April 2024
|66.59%
|8.18%{{Decrease}}
|-
!2
|[[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency|Bikaner]] (SC)
|54.11%
|5.32%{{Decrease}}
|-
!3
|[[Churu Lok Sabha constituency|Churu]]
|63.61%
|2.29%{{Decrease}}
|-
!4
|[[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency|Jhunjhunu]]
|52.93%
|9.18%{{Decrease}}
|-
!5
|[[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency|Sikar]]
|57.53%
|7.65%{{Decrease}}
|-
!6
|[[Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur Rural]]
|56.70%
|8.84%{{Decrease}}
|-
!7
|[[Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur]]
|63.38%
|5.1%{{Decrease}}
|-
!8
|[[Alwar Lok Sabha constituency|Alwar]]
|60.07%
|7.1%{{Decrease}}
|-
!9
|[[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]] (SC)
|52.80%
|6.31%{{Decrease}}
|-
!10
|[[Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency|Karauli–Dholpur]] (SC)
|49.59%
|5.59%{{Decrease}}
|-
!11
|[[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]] (ST)
|55.72%
|5.78%{{Decrease}}
|-
!12
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#87CEFA|26 April 2024
|56.58%
|6.86%{{Decrease}}
|-
!13
|[[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer]]
|59.65%
|7.67%{{Decrease}}
|-
!14
|[[Nagaur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaur]]
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|19 April 2024
|57.23%
|5.09%{{Decrease}}
|-
!15
|[[Pali Lok Sabha constituency|Pali]]
|rowspan="11" bgcolor=#87CEFA|26 April 2024
|57.19%
|5.79%{{Decrease}}
|-
!16
|[[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]]
|64.27%
|4.62%{{Decrease}}
|-
!17
|[[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency|Barmer]]
|75.93%
|2.63%{{Increase}}
|-
!18
|[[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency|Jalore]]
|62.89%
|2.85%{{Decrease}}
|-
!19
|[[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Udaipur]] (ST)
|66.66%
|3.66%{{Decrease}}
|-
!20
|[[Banswara Lok Sabha constituency|Banswara]] (ST)
|73.88%
|0.98%{{Increase}}
|-
!21
|[[Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chittorgarh]]
|68.61%
|3.78%{{Decrease}}
|-
!22
|[[Rajsamand Lok Sabha constituency|Rajsamand]]
|58.39%
|6.48%{{Decrease}}
|-
!23
|[[Bhilwara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhilwara]]
|60.37%
|5.27%{{Decrease}}
|-
!24
|[[Kota Lok Sabha constituency|Kota]]
|71.26%
|1.04%{{Increase}}
|-
!25
|[[Jhalawar–Baran Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar–Baran]]
|69.71%
|2.25%{{Decrease}}
|}

==Results==
===Results by alliance or party===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
!colspan="3"|Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
!style="background:#fef3e8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|1,61,65,859
|49.24
|{{Decrease}} 9.83
|25
|14
|{{Decrease}} 10
|-
|rowspan="5" {{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
!rowspan="5"style="background:#E5F8FF"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,24,45,396
|37.91
|{{Increase}} 3.67
|22
|8
|{{Increase}} 8
|-
|{{Party color cell|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|[[Bharat Adivasi Party|BAP]]
|11,00,609
|3.35
|''New''
|6
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|6,45,559
|1.97
|{{Increase}} 1.77
|1
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|{{Party color cell|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party|RLP]]
|5,91,460
|1.80
|{{Decrease}} 0.26
|1
|1
|{{Steady}}
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF"|Total
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|14,783,024
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|45.09
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|{{Increase}} 10.50<ref name=":0">Compared to 2019 UPA performance</ref>
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|25
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|11
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|{{Increase}} 10
|-
|{{Party color cell|Other}}
|colspan="3"|[[2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan#Others|Others]]
|
|
|
|88
|0
|{{Steady}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|colspan="3"|[[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|
|
|
|122
|0
|{{Steady}}
|-
|bgcolor="Black"|
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|2,77,216
|0.84
|{{Decrease}} 0.17
!colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
!colspan="4"|Total
!
!100
! -
! 266
!25
! -
|-
|}

===Results by constituency===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
|-
!1
|[[Ganganagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ganganagar]] (SC)
|66.59%{{Decrease}}
|[[Kuldeep Indora]]
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| 7,26,492
| 51.40%
|Priyanka Meghwal
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 6,38,339
| 45.16%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|88,153
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|6.24%
|-
!2
|[[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency|Bikaner]] (SC)
|54.11%{{Decrease}}
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal|Arjun Meghwal]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,66,737
|50.68%
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| 5,11,026
|45.67%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|55,711
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5.01%
|-
!3
|[[Churu Lok Sabha constituency|Churu]]
|63.61%{{Decrease}}
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|7,28,211
|51.12%
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,55,474
|46.01%
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|72,737
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5.11%
|-
!4
|[[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency|Jhunjhunu]]
|52.93%{{Decrease}}
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola|Brijendra Ola]]
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|5,53,168
|49.44%
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,34,933
|47.81%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|18,235
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|1.63%
|-
!5
|[[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency|Sikar]]
|57.53%{{Decrease}}
|[[Amra Ram]]
| {{party name with colour| Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|6,59,300
|50.68%
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati|S. Saraswati]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,86,404
|45.08%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|72,896
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5.60%
|-
!6
|[[Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur Rural]]
|56.70%{{Decrease}}
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh|Rajendra Singh]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,17,877
|48.96%
|Anil Chopra
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|6,16,262
|48.83%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|1,618
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|0.13%
|-
!7
|[[Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaipur]]
|63.38%{{Decrease}}
|[[Manju Sharma (politician)|Manju Sharma]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,86,850
|60.61%
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas|Pratap Khachariyawas]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|555,083
|37.93%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3,31,767
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|22.68%
|-
!8
|[[Alwar Lok Sabha constituency|Alwar]]
|60.07%{{Decrease}}
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,31,992
|50.42%
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|5,83,710
|46.57%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|48,282
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3.85%
|-
!9
|[[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]] (SC)
|52.80%{{Decrease}}
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|5,79,890
|51.18%
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,27,907
|46.59%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|51,983
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|4.59%
|-
!10
|[[Karauli–Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency|Karauli–Dholpur]] (SC)
|49.59%{{Decrease}}
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav|Bhajan Jatav]]
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|5,30,011
|53.64%
|[[Indu Devi]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4,31,066
|43.62%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|98,945
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|10.02%
|-
!11
|[[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]] (ST)
|55.72%{{Decrease}}
|[[Murari Lal Meena|Murari Meena]]
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|6,46,266
|60.24%
|[[Kanhaiya Lal Meena]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|4,08,926
|38.12%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2,37,340
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|22.12%
|-
!12
|[[Tonk–Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency|Tonk–Sawai Madhopur]]
|56.58%{{Decrease}}
|[[Harish Chandra Meena|Harish Meena]]
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|6,23,763
|50.85%
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria|Sukhbir Jaunapuria]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,58,814
|45.56%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|64,949
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5.29%
|-
!13
|[[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer]]
|59.65%{{Decrease}}
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,47,462
|62.23%
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|4,17,471
|34.76%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3,29,991
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|27.47%
|-
!14
|[[Nagaur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaur]]
|57.23%{{Decrease}}
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
| {{party name with colour| Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|5,96,955
|48.20%
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,54,730
|44.79%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|42,225
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3.41%
|-
!15
|[[Pali Lok Sabha constituency|Pali]]
|57.19%{{Decrease}}
|[[P. P. Chaudhary]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,57,389
|55.94%
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|5,12,038
|37.82%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2,45,351
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|18.12%
|-
!16
|[[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]]
|64.27%{{Decrease}}
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat|Gajendra Shekhawat]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,30,056
|52.76%
|Karan Singh Uchiyara
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|6,14,379
|44.41%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|1,15,677
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|8.35%
|-
!17
|[[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency|Barmer]]
|75.93%{{Increase}}
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal|Ummeda Beniwal]]
| {{party name with colour| Indian National Congress}}
|7,04,676
|41.74%
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
| {{party name with colour|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|5,73,777
|34.74%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|1,18,176
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|7.00%
|-
!18
|[[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency|Jalore]]
|62.89%{{Decrease}}
|Lumbaram Choudhary
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,96,783
|54.91%
|Vaibhav Gehlot
| {{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|5,95,240
|41.02%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2,01,543
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|13.89%
|-
!19
|[[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Udaipur]] (ST)
|66.66%{{Decrease}}
|[[Manna Lal Rawat|Manna Rawat]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,38,286
|49.27%
|Tarachand Meena
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|4,76,678
|31.81%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2,61,608
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|17.46%
|-
!20
|[[Banswara Lok Sabha constituency|Banswara]] (ST)
|73.88%{{Increase}}
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
| {{party name with colour| Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|8,20,831
|50.15%
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya|Mahendrajeet Malviya]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,73,777
|35.05%
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2,47,054
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|15.10%
|-
!21
|[[Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chittorgarh]]
|68.61%{{Decrease}}
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi|Chandra Joshi]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,88,202
|59.26%
|[[Udai Lal Anjana]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|4,98,325
|33.25%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3,89,877
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|26.01%
|-
!22
|[[Rajsamand Lok Sabha constituency|Rajsamand]]
|58.39%{{Decrease}}
|[[Mahima Kumari Mewar|Mahima Mewar]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,81,203
|64.41%
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|3,88,980
|32.06%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3,92,223
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|32.35%
|-
!23
|[[Bhilwara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhilwara]]
|60.37%{{Decrease}}
|[[Damodar Agarwal]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,07,640
|61.92%
|[[C. P. Joshi]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|4,53,034
|34.73%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3,54,606
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|27.19%
|-
!24
|[[Kota Lok Sabha constituency|Kota]]
|71.26%{{Increase}}
|[[Om Birla]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|7,50,496
|50.03%
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|7,08,522
|47.23%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|41,974
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2.80%
|-
!25
|[[Jhalawar–Baran Lok Sabha constituency|Jhalawar–Baran]]
|69.71%{{Decrease}}
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
| {{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8,65,376
|60.88%
|Urmila Jain
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|4,94,387
|34.78%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3,70,989
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|26.10%
|}

=== Assembly Segment wise leads [https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/Lok_Sabha_Election_2024/Form20_21C_21E.html] ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
!rowspan="2"data-sort-type="number"|Margin
|-
!#
!Name
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type="number" |Votes
!%
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type="number" |Votes
!%
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Ganganagar Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|1
|[[Sadulshahar Assembly constituency|Sadulshahar]]
|Kuldeep Indora
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,062
|53.50
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,893
|42.95
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |17,169
|-
|2
|[[Ganganagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ganganagar]]
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,258
|57.20
|Kuldeep Indora
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,036
|38.68
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" | 29,222
|-
|3
|[[Karanpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Karanpur]]
|Kuldeep Indora
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,049
|50.98
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,240
|46.30
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |7,809
|-
|4
|[[Suratgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Suratgarh]]
|Kuldeep Indora
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,754
|49.61
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,731
|47.23
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |4,023
|-
|5
|[[Raisinghnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Raisinghnagar (SC)]]
|Kuldeep Indora
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,06,534
|58.08
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,313
|38.87
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |35,221
|-
|7
|[[Sangaria (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sangaria]]
|Kuldeep Indora
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,972
|54.47
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,596
|41.86
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |20,376
|-
|8
|[[Hanumangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hanumangarh]]
|Kuldeep Indora
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,03,471
|52.94
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,852
|42.77
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |19,889
|-
|9
|[[Pilibanga (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pilibanga (SC)]]
|Kuldeep Indora
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,05,318
|51.64
|Priyanka Balan Meghwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,214
|45.35
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |13,104
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|6
|[[Anupgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Anupgarh (SC)]]
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,713
|50.64
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,784
|45.90
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |7,929
|-
|12
|[[Khajuwala (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khajuwala (SC)]]
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,466
|50.50
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,098
|45.22
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |7,368
|-
|13
|[[Bikaner West (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bikaner West]]
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,238
|61.94
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,158
|35.22
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |41,080
|-
|14
|[[Bikaner East (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bikaner East]]
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,198
|61.42
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,869
|35.88
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |38,329
|-
|15
|[[Kolayat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kolayat]]
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,851
|48.01
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,610
|47.81
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |241
|-
|16
|[[Lunkaransar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lunkaransar]]
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,188
|48.99
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,732
|47.14
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,456
|-
|17
|[[Dungargarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dungargarh]]
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,161
|51.65
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,561
|44.27
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |9,600
|-
|18
|[[Nokha (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nokha]]
|[[Arjun Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,678
|48.74
|[[Govind Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,801
|47.10
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,877
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Churu Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|10
|[[Nohar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nohar]]
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,02,712
|52.85
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,398
|43.94
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |17,314
|-
|11
|[[Bhadra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhadra]]
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,216
|49.97
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,733
|47.54
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" | 4,483
|-
|19
|[[Sadulpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sadulpur]]
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|92,971
|56.75
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,334
|41.10
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |25,637
|-
|20
|[[Taranagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Taranagar]]
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,783
|49.51
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,351
|47.67
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |3,432
|-
|21
|[[Sardarshahar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sardarshahar]]
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|92,644
|51.79
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,630
|42.44
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |12,014
|-
|22
|[[Churu Assembly constituency|Churu]]
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,978
|53.85
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,026
|43.70
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,952
|-
|23
|[[Ratangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ratangarh]]
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,000
|48.80
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,535
|47.92
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" | 1,465
|-
|24
|[[Sujangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sujangarh (SC)]]
|[[Rahul Kaswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,996
|48.81
|[[Devendra Jhajharia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,206
|47.77
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |1,790
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|25
|[[Pilani (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pilani (SC)]]
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|59,963
|48.59
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|59,926
|48.56
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |27
|-
|26
|[[Surajgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Surajgarh]]
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,483
|52.04
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,430
|45.80
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,053
|-
|27
|[[Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,701
|53.87
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|68,659
|43.67
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,042
|-
|28
|[[Mandawa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandawa]]
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,962
|53.14
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|59,524
|43.35
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |13,438
|-
|29
|[[Nawalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nawalgarh]]
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,143
|52.24
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,764
|45.11
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |10,379
|-
|30
|[[Udaipurwati (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipurwati]]
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,433
|49.79
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,447
|47.71
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |2,986
|-
|31
|[[Khetri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khetri]]
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52,931
|48.77
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,989
|47.90
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |942
|-
|32
|[[Fatehpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Fatehpur]]
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,947
|52.85
|[[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|59,570
|44.37
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |11,377
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Sikar Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|33
|[[Lachhmangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lachhmangarh]]
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|85,772
|52.35
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,607
|44.31
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" |13,165
|-
|34
|[[Dhod (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhod (SC)]]
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|99,502
|57.02
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,104
|39.59
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" |30,398
|-
|35
|[[Sikar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikar]]
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|97,865
|51.77
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,123
|44.29
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" |14,742
|-
|36
|[[Danta Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dantaramgarh]]
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|92,661
|52.52
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,567
|43.39
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" |16,094
|-
|37
|[[Khandela (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandela]]
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|76,261
|51.42
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,925
|44.45
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" |10,836
|-
|38
|[[Neem Ka Thana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Neem Ka Thana]]
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|70,558
|52.35
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58,672
|44.31
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" |11,886
|-
|39
|[[Sri Madhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Srimadhopur]]
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,007
|52.49
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|56,731
|41.94
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |14,276
|-
|43
|[[Chomu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chomu]]
|[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,735
|51.10
|[[Amra Ram]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|66,979
|44.03
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |10,756
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|40
|[[Kotputli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kotputli]]
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,195
|56.24
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50,169
|41.34
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |18,026
|-
|41
|[[Viratnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Viratnagar]]
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,515
|49.86
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,869
|47.75
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,646
|-
|42
|[[Shahpura, Jaipur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shahpura]]
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,446
|57.27
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,227
|40.39
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |23,219
|-
|44
|[[Phulera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Phulera]]
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,221
|49.99
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,520
|47.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |3,701
|-
|46
|[[Jhotwara Assembly constituency|Jhotwara]]
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,70,377
|64.39
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,603
|33.86
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |80,774
|-
|47
|[[Amber (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Amber]]
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,921
|50.29
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,996
|47.47
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |4,925
|-
|48
|[[Jamwa Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jamwa Ramgarh]] (ST)
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,560
|56.94
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,975
|41.95
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |18,585
|-
|63
|[[Bansur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bansur]]
|Anil Chopra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,533
|53.09
|[[Rao Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,355
|44.17
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |11,178
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|49
|[[Hawa Mahal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hawa Mahal]]
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|90,532
|49.83
|Manju Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,890
|48.93
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |1,642
|-
|50
|[[Vidhyadhar Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Vidhyadhar Nagar]]
|Manju Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,59,875
|71.18
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,365
|27.33
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |98,510
|-
|51
|[[Civil Lines (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Civil Lines]]
|Manju Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,614
|61.23
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,935
|37.35
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |37,679
|-
|52
|[[Kishanpole (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishanpole]]
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,420
|52.07
|Manju Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,524
|46.90
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |6,896
|-
|53
|[[Adarsh Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Adarsh Nagar]]
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|94,245
|54.29
|Manju Sharma
|{{party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|77,488
|44.57
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,757
|-
|54
|[[Malviya Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malviya Nagar]]
|Manju Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,699
|71.25
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37,552
|22.10
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |61,147
|-
|55
|[[Sanganer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sanganer]]
|Manju Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,61,209
|73.98
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,203
|24.17
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |1,08,006
|-
|56
|[[Bagru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bagru]] (SC)
|Manju Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,32,027
|60.04
|[[Pratap Singh Khachariyawas]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,849
|38.13
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |48,178
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Alwar Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|59
|[[Tijara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tijara]]
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,477
|49.38
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,392
|46.30
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |5,085
|-
|60
|[[Kishangarh Bas (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishangarh Bas]]
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,433
|51.81
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,926
|45.44
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |10,507
|-
|61
|[[Mundawar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mundawar]]
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,649
|50.36
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,807
|47.58
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |3,842
|-
|62
|[[Behror (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Behror]]
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,636
|56.95
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,685
|41.05
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |22,001
|-
|65
|[[Alwar Rural (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Alwar Rural]] (SC)
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,637
|53.06
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|67,124
|43.10
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |15,513
|-
|66
|[[Alwar Urban (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Alwar Urban]]
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,363
|65.27
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50,840
|32.10
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |52,523
|-
|67
|[[Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ramgarh]]
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,782
|48.84
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|81,542
|47.54
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,240
|-
|68
|[[Rajgarh Laxmangarh Assembly constituency|Rajgarh-Laxmangarh]] (ST)
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,895
|58.26
|[[Bhupender Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|56,886
|39.03
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |28,009
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|69
|[[Kathumar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kathumar]] (SC)
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,271
|52.58
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,429
|45.57
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |8,842
|-
|70
|[[Kaman (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kaman]]
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,05,596
|62.62
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,428
|35.24
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |46,168
|-
|71
|[[Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nagar]]
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,471
|54.69
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,905
|43.43
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,566
|-
|72
|[[Deeg-Kumher (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deeg-Kumher]]
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,747
|49.97
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58,878
|47.64
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,869
|-
|73
|[[Bharatpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,279
|55.85
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,381
|41.49
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |20,898
|-
|74
|[[Nadbai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nadbai]]
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,603
|55.85
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,519
|45.83
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,084
|-
|75
|[[Weir (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Weir]] (SC)
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,482
|50.82
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,040
|47.77
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |3,442
|-
|76
|[[Bayana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bayana]] (SC)
|[[Sanjana Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,341
|50.83
|[[Ramswaroop Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56,707
|46.24
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |5,634
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Karauli-Dholpur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|77
|[[Baseri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baseri]] (SC)
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|59,893
|57.71
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|40,925
|39.43
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |18,968
|-
|78
|[[Bari (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bari]]
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,683
|52.85
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,006
|45.43
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |6,677
|-
|79
|[[Dholpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dholpur]]
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,756
|57.12
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49,265
|39.22
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |22,491
|-
|80
|[[Rajakhera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajakhera]]
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,588
|54.78
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49,763
|42.87
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |13,825
|-
|81
|[[Todabhim (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Todabhim]] (ST)
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,123
|68.42
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|38,441
|29.51
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |50,682
|-
|82
|[[Hindaun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hindaun]] (SC)
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,081
|55.14
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|59,265
|42.84
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |16,816
|-
|83
|[[Karauli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Karauli]]
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,074
|56.13
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|50,484
|41.62
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |17,590
|-
|84
|[[Sapotra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sapotra]] (ST)
|[[Bhajan Lal Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,714
|64.50
|Indu Devi Jatav
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|39,626
|32.89
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |38,088
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|57
|[[Bassi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bassi]] (ST)
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,012
|51.43
|Kanhaiya Lal Meena
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,840
|43.14
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |6,172
|-
|58
|[[Chaksu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chaksu (SC)]]
|Kanhaiya Lal Meena
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,220
|49.44
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,672
|49.01
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |548
|-
|64
|[[Thanagazi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Thanagazi]]
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,971
|59.07
|Kanhaiya Lal Meena
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45,148
|39.23
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |22,823
|-
|85
|[[Bandikui (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bandikui]]
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,477
|59.11
|Kanhaiya Lal Meena
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52,267
|39.37
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |26,210
|-
|86
|[[Mahuwa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mahuwa]]
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,059
|68.61
|Kanhaiya Lal Meena
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34,020
|29.52
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |45,039
|-
|87
|[[Sikrai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikrai]] (SC)
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,02,747
|70.99
|Kanhaiya Lal Meena
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39,260
|27.12
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |63,487
|-
|88
|[[Dausa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dausa]]
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|90,904
|61.79
|Kanhaiya Lal Meena
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54,114
|36.78
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |36,790
|-
|89
|[[Lalsot (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lalsot]] (ST)
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,140
|61.49
|Kanhaiya Lal Meena
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48,026
|36.71
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |33,114
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Tonk-Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|90
|[[Gangapur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Gangapur]]
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,424
|59.42
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56,689
|37.67
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |32,735
|-
|91
|[[Bamanwas (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bamanwas]] (ST)
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,875
|58.87
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47,415
|36.77
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |28,460
|-
|92
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]]
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,605
|55.26
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,834
|38.45
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |28,771
|-
|93
|[[Khandar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandar]] (SC)
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,059
|50.67
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,087
|44.61
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |8,972
|-
|94
|[[Malpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malpura]]
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,683
|59.28
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,340
|37.24
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |33,343
|-
|95
|[[Niwai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Niwai]] (SC)
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,340
|50.99
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,711
|45.22
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |8,629
|-
|96
|[[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]]
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,188
|50.03
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,664
|47.17
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |4,524
|-
|-
|97
|[[Deoli-Uniara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deoli-Uniara]]
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,935
|48.84
|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,597
|47.54
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,338
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|45
|[[Dudu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dudu]] (SC)
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,703
|58.25
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,787
|38.82
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |26,916
|-
|98
|[[Kishangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishangarh]]
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,716
|63.33
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,671
|33.31
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |51,045
|-
|99
|[[Pushkar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pushkar]]
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,780
|62.62
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,244
|34.15
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |43,536
|-
|100
|[[Ajmer North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer North]]
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,271
|64.92
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45,148
|33.20
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |43,123
|-
|101
|[[Ajmer South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer South]] (SC)
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,643
|62.16
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48,000
|35.67
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |35,643
|-
|102
|[[Nasirabad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nasirabad]]
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,146
|63.13
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47,749
|33.81
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |41,397
|-
|104
|[[Masuda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Masuda]]
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,421
|60.25
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|59,047
|36.52
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |38,374
|-
|105
|[[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]]
|[[Bhagirath Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,471
|63.27
|Ramchandra Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,739
|32.79
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |46,732
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Nagaur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|106
|[[Ladnun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ladnun]]
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,384
|46.84
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|66,711
|46.38
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |673
|-
|107
|[[Deedwana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deedwana]]
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|78,272
|52.58
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,149
|40.40
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}};" |18,123
|-
|108
|[[Jayal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jayal]] (SC)
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|72,309
|49.76
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,825
|42.54
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}};" |10,484
|-
|109
|[[Nagaur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nagaur]]
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|84,782
|50.94
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,861
|43.18
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}};" |12,921
|-
|110
|[[Khinwsar Assembly constituency|Khinwsar]]
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|80,531
|48.19
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,372
|45.70
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}};" |4,159
|-
|113
|[[Makrana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Makrana]]
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|86,383
|53.13
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,383
|39.60
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}};" |22,000
|-
|114
|[[Parbatsar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Parbatsar]]
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,551
|46.55
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|60,118
|44.04
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |3,433
|-
|115
|[[Nawan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nawan]]
|[[Jyoti Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,979
|54.00
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|62,354
|39.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |22,625
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Pali Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|117
|[[Sojat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sojat]] (SC)
|[[P.P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,01,230
|65.86
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41,978
|27.31
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |59,252
|-
|118
|[[Pali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pali]]
|[[P.P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,934
|58.29
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,832
|37.23
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |36,102
|-
|119
|[[Marwar Junction (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Marwar Junction]]
|[[P.P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,479
|66.71
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40,687
|25.25
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |66,792
|-
|120
|[[Bali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bali]]
|[[P.P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,562
|57.63
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,283
|34.22
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |43,279
|-
|121
|[[Sumerpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sumerpur]]
|[[P.P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,711
|58.51
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,048
|33.14
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |43,363
|-
|125
|[[Osian (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Osian]]
|[[P.P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,352
|52.48
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,566
|43.25
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |13,786
|-
|126
|[[Bhopalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhopalgarh]] (SC)
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|95,028
|55.57
|[[P.P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,360
|39.39
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |27,668
|-
|131
|[[Bilara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bilara]] (SC)
|[[P.P. Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|88,932
|50.38
|Sangeeta Beniwal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,332
|44.94
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,600
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|122
|[[Phalodi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Phalodi]]
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,833
|48.81
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,259
|47.26
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,574
|-
|123
|[[Lohawat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lohawat]]
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,994
|49.32
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,801
|46.86
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |4,193
|-
|124
|[[Shergarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shergarh]]
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,480
|49.72
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,852
|44.82
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |9,628
|-
|127
|[[Sardarpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sardarpura]]
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,005
|53.77
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,824
|44.70
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |15,181
|-
|128
|[[Jodhpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,390
|59.72
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50,661
|39.08
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |26,729
|-
|129
|[[Soorsagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Soorsagar]]
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,17,233
|58.06
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,585
|40.40
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |35,648
|-
|130
|[[Luni (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Luni]]
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,24,026
|56.70
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,151
|40.76
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |34,875
|-
|133
|[[Pokaran (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pokaran]]
|Karan Singh Uchiyarda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,328
|48.20
|[[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,784
|47.85
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |544
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Barmer Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|132
|[[Jaisalmer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jaisalmer]]
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|1,00,963
|49.22
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,647
|32.79
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" |33,316
|-
|134
|[[Sheo (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sheo]]
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|1,06,037
|44.07
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,04,307
|43.35
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" |2,000
|-
|135
|[[Barmer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Barmer]]
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|91,451
|42.99
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|80,232
|37.72
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |11,219
|-
|136
|[[Baytoo (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baytoo]]
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,36,188
|64.88
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|44,604
|21.25
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |91,584
|-
|137
|[[Pachpadra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pachpadra]]
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|66,580
|37.24
|[[Kailash Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51,029
|28.54
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" |15,551
|-
|138
|[[Siwana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Siwana]]
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|62,029
|35.02
|[[Kailash Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50,482
|28.50
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" |11,517
|-
|139
|[[Gudamalani (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Gudamalani]]
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|97,229
|45.76
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|63,800
|30.02
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |33,429
|-
|140
|[[Chohtan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chohtan]] (SC)
|[[Ummeda Ram Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,03,638
|43.69
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|57,620
|24.29
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |46,018
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Jalore Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|141
|[[Ahore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ahore]]
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|88,565
|56.72
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,399
|39.96
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |26,166
|-
|142
|[[Jalore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jalore]] (SC)
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,139
|56.83
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,790
|38.80
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |33,349
|-
|143
|[[Bhinmal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhinmal]]
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,15,817
|59.29
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,571
|36.63
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |44,246
|-
|144
|[[Sanchore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sanchore]]
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,998
|50.89
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|96,154
|45.73
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |10,844
|-
|145
|[[Raniwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Raniwara]]
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|96,591
|55.08
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,044
|41.08
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |24,547
|-
|146
|[[Sirohi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sirohi]]
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,090
|59.26
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,899
|37.93
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |38,191
|-
|147
|[[Pindwara-Abu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pindwara-Abu]] (ST)
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|76,997
|49.80
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,223
|44.13
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |8,774
|-
|148
|[[Reodar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Reodar]] (SC)
|Lumbaram Choudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|97,508
|51.54
|Vaibhav Gehlot
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,114
|43.38
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |15,394
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|149
|[[Gogunda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Gogunda]] (ST)
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|97,147
|55.66
|Tarachand Meena
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,301
|35.96
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |34,846
|-
|150
|[[Jhadol (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhadol]] (ST)
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|89,062
|42.90
|Tarachand Meena
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,272
|40.60
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |4,790
|-
|151
|[[Kherwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kherwara]] (ST)
|Tarachand Meena
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|97,476
|51.03
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|65,219
|34.14
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |32,257
|-
|152
|[[Udaipur Rural (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur Rural]] (ST)
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,24,116
|61.36
|Tarachand Meena
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,293
|28.81
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |65,823
|-
|153
|[[Udaipur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,10,622
|67.69
|Tarachand Meena
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|49,285
|30.25
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |61,337
|-
|156
|[[Salumber (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Salumber]] (ST)
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|93,373
|50.08
|Tarachand Meena
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,434
|29.19
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |38,939
|-
|157
|[[Dhariawad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhariawad]] (ST)
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|89,771
|46.64
|Prakash Chand
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|52,828
|27.45
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |36,943
|-
|159
|[[Aspur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Aspur]] (ST)
|Prakash Chand
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|70,865
|41.62
|Mannalal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|63,447
|37.27
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; color:white;" |7,418
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Banswara Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|158
|[[Dungarpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dungarpur]] (ST)
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|97,364
|54.99
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45,081
|25.46
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; color:white;" |52,283
|-
|160
|[[Sagwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sagwara]] (ST)
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|1,00,557
|51.46
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,555
|37.15
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; color:white;" |28,002
|-
|161
|[[Chorasi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chorasi (ST)]]
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|1,03,099
|57.30
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47,201
|26.23
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; color:white;" |55,898
|-
|162
|[[Ghatol (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ghatol]] (ST)
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|1,28,167
|54.05
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,768
|31.10
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; color:white;" |54,939
|-
|163
|[[Garhi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Garhi]] (ST)
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|97,454
|44.05
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,200
|43.48
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; color:white;" |1,254
|-
|164
|[[Banswara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Banswara]] (ST)
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,911
|43.83
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|91,428
|43.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |483
|-
|165
|[[Bagidora (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bagidora]] (ST)
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|99,469
|48.03
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,654
|34.52
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; color:white;" |27,815
|-
|166
|[[Kushalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kushalgarh]] (ST)
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|92,892
|49.78
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,219
|34.95
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; color:white;" |27,673
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|154
|[[Mavli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mavli]]
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,20,370
|68.37
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46,280
|26.48
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |74,090
|-
|155
|[[Vallabhnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Vallabhnagar]]
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,11,493
|67.61
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44,406
|26.93
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |67,087
|-
|167
|[[Kapasan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kapasan]] (SC)
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,02,628
|57.92
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,571
|37.01
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |37,057
|-
|168
|[[Begun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Begun]]
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,16,710
|59.08
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,151
|36.02
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |45,559
|-
|169
|[[Chittorgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,04,043
|58.11
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,617
|37.76
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |36,426
|-
|170
|[[Nimbahera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nimbahera]]
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,12,440
|53.39
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,200
|42.35
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |23,240
|-
|171
|[[Bari Sadri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bari Sadri]]
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,13,253
|59.71
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,713
|32.01
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |52,540
|-
|172
|[[Pratapgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pratapgarh]] (ST)
|[[Chandra Prakash Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,01,397
|52.26
|[[Udailal Anjana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50,239
|25.89
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |51,158
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Rajsamand Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|103
|[[Beawar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Beawar]]
|Mahima Kumari Mewar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,15,866
|72.42
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40,175
|25.11
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |75,691
|-
|111
|[[Merta (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Merta]] (SC)
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,347
|49.70
|Mahima Kumari Mewar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,385
|47.81
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |2,962
|-
|112
|[[Degana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Degana]]
|Mahima Kumari Mewar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|72,013
|49.70
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,285
|47.13
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |3,728
|-
|116
|[[Jaitaran (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jaitaran]]
|Mahima Kumari Mewar
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,11,931
|65.71
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,171
|30.62
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |59,220
|-
|173
|[[Bhim (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhim]]
|Mahima Kumari Mewar
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,446
|76.21
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24,338
|18.46
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |76,108
|-
|174
|[[Kumbhalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kumbhalgarh]]
|Mahima Kumari Mewar
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|88,386
|70.73
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30,271
|24.22
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |58,115
|-
|175
|[[Rajsamand (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajsamand]]
|Mahima Kumari Mewar
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,054
|70.12
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|39,575
|26.22
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |63,479
|-
|176
|[[Nathdwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nathdwara]]
|Mahima Kumari Mewar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,712
|65.87
|Damodar Gurjar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48,197
|30.61
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |55,515
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Bhilwara Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|177
|[[Asind (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Asind]]
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,10,777
|61.35
|[[C.P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,177
|35.54
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |46,600
|-
|178
|[[Mandal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandal]]
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,12,690
|66.52
|[[C.P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50,978
|30.09
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |61,712
|-
|179
|[[Sahara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sahara]]
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,933
|63.28
|[[C.P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45,918
|32.30
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |45,015
|-
|180
|[[Bhilwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,27,318
|69.62
|[[C.P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,847
|28.89
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |74,471
|-
|181
|[[Shahpura, Bhilwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shahpura]]
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,00,103
|63.77
|[[C.P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,168
|32.59
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |48,935
|-
|182
|[[Jahazpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jahazpur]]
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,161
|57.53
|[[C.P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,457
|39.03
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |27,704
|-
|183
|[[Mandalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandalgarh]]
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,383
|61.85
|[[C.P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|51,641
|33.84
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |42,742
|-
|184
|[[Hindoli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hindoli]]
|Damodar Agarwal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,826
|50.59
|[[C.P. Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,342
|45.96
| style="background:{{party color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |7,484
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Kota Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|185
|[[Keshoraipatan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Keshoraipatan]] (SC)
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,03,896
|54.01
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|81,501
|42.37
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |22,395
|-
|186
|[[Bundi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bundi]]
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,16,101
|51.78
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,00,995
|45.05
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; color:white;" |15,106
|-
|187
|[[Pipalda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pipalda]]
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,029
|55.77
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|59,699
|40.59
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |22,330
|-
|188
|[[Sangod (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sangod]]
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|77,497
|50.33
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,166
|46.87
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |25,586
|-
|189
|[[Kota North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kota North]]
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|94,878
|52.15
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|83,560
|47.93
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |11,318
|-
|190
|[[Kota South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kota South]]
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,645
|58.93
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,997
|39.05
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |35,648
|-
|191
|[[Ladpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ladpura]]
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,14,066
|52.35
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|99,051
|45.46
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |15,015
|-
|192
|[[Ramganj Mandi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ramganj Mandi]] (SC)
|[[Om Birla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,327
|55.58
|[[Prahlad Gunjal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,611
|41.61
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |26,716
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Jhalawar-Baran Lok Sabha constituency]]
|-
|193
|[[Anta (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Anta]]
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|79,774
|49.64
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,867
|45.09
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |10,907
|-
|194
|[[Kishanganj (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishanganj]] (ST)
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|81,226
|49.90
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,992
|46.07
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |6,234
|-
|195
|[[Baran-Atru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baran-Atru]] (SC)
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|95,524
|55.70
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,885
|41.34
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |24,639
|-
|196
|[[Chhabra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chhabra]]
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,174
|62.97
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,965
|34.29
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |52,209
|-
|197
|[[Dag (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dag]] (SC)
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,20,945
|64.62
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,845
|30.37
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |64,100
|-
|198
|[[Jhalrapatan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhalrapatan]]
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,35,531
|64.75
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,371
|30.31
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |72,160
|-
|199
|[[Khanpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khanpur]]
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,693
|62.68
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,252
|33.32
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |50,441
|-
|200
|[[Manohar Thana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Manohar Thana]]
|[[Dushyant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|1,33,986
|70.30
|Urmila Jain Bhaya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45,165
|27.31
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |88,821
|-
|}

== Assembly segments wise lead of Parties ==
[[File:2024 Rajasthan Lok Sabha Elections Assembly Wise Lead Map.svg|2024 Rajasthan Lok Sabha Elections Assembly Wise Lead Map|thumb|400x400px]]
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Assembly segments
!Position in Assembly (as of 2023 election)
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|107
|119
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
! [[Indian National Congress]]
|70
|66
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
! [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|6
|0
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}"|
! [[Bharat Adivasi Party]]
|8
|4
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}"|
! [[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]
|5
|0
|-
|bgcolor=#FAF8FA|
! Others
|4
|11
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!colspan=2|200
|}

==See also==
* [[2024 Indian general election in Sikkim]]
* [[2024 Indian general election in Punjab|2024 indian general election in Punjab]]
* [[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu]]
* [[2024 Indian general election in Telangana]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian general election, 2024}}
{{Rajasthan elections}}
[[Category:2024 Indian general election by state or union territory|Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:2020s in Rajasthan]]

Rajisha Vijayan

2026-05-01T20:49:50Z

Saurabh: Started new entry

{{short description|Indian actress }}
{{Indian patronymic|Rajisha|Vijayan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajisha Vijayan
| native_name =
| image =Rajisha Vijayan In a Audio Launch.jpg
| caption = Rajisha Vijayan at Vaazhai audio launch
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[Amity University, Noida|Amity University]], [[Noida]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2013–present
}}

'''Rajisha Vijayan''' is an Indian actresses, who primarily works in [[Malayalam]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. Rajisha is best known for ''[[Anuraga Karikkin Vellam]]'', ''[[June (2019 film)|June]]'', ''[[Karnan (2021 film)|Karnan]]'' and ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajisha-vijayan-on-her-new-film-june/article26281080.ece |title="I was always waiting for June": Rajisha Vijayan |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=15 February 2019 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 July 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713015418/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rajisha-vijayan-on-her-new-film-june/article26281080.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2021 |title='Karnan' actress Rajisha Vijayan signs her third Tamil film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karnan-actress-rajisha-vijayan-signs-her-third-tamil-film/articleshow/82366250.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516193301/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karnan-actress-rajisha-vijayan-signs-her-third-tamil-film/articleshow/82366250.cms |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=11 October 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/regional/kerala-state-films-awards-2016-vinayakan-bags-best-actor-trophy-rajisha-vijayan-adjudged-best-actress_1984312.html |title=Kerala State Film Awards 2016: Vinayakan bags best actor trophy, Rajisha Vijayan adjudged best actress! |date=7 March 2017 |work=Zee News |access-date=7 March 2017 |language=en |archive-date=7 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307162432/http://zeenews.india.com/regional/kerala-state-films-awards-2016-vinayakan-bags-best-actor-trophy-rajisha-vijayan-adjudged-best-actress_1984312.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala State Film Awards 2016: Vinayakan and Rajisha Vijayan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vinayakan-and-rejisha-vijayan-win-the-kerala-state-best-actor-and-actress-awards/articleshow/57517633.cms |date=2017-03-07}}</ref> She is a recipient of the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress]].

==Early life and education==
Rajisha Vijayan was born in [[Perambra]], [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India and was raised across [[North India]] in an army household.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/rejisha-vijayan-on-debut-movie-anuraga-karikkin-vellam.html |title=Was afraid my bad driving would damage the camera: Rajisha Vijayan |website=OnManorama |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707155436/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/rejisha-vijayan-on-debut-movie-anuraga-karikkin-vellam.html |url-status=live}}</ref> She graduated in Mass Communication and Journalism from [[Amity University, Noida|Amity University]], [[Noida]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Really-a-sassy-lass/article14486686.ece |title=Really a sassy lass |last=Sathyendran |first=Nita |date=13 July 2016 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 July 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423145751/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Really-a-sassy-lass/article14486686.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
Rajisha Vijayan debuted in the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Anuraga Karikkin Vellam]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/this-day-that-year-rajisha-vijayan-celebrates-four-years-of-anuraga-karikkin-vellam/articleshow/76834626.cms |title=This day that year : Rajisha Vijayan celebrates four years of Anuraga Karikkin Vellam |work=The Times of India |date=7 July 2020 |access-date=1 June 2021 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112044748/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/this-day-that-year-rajisha-vijayan-celebrates-four-years-of-anuraga-karikkin-vellam/articleshow/76834626.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> She won the [[Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Award]] for [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] in 2016 for the role.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/mar/07/kerala-state-film-awards-2016-anounced-manhole-takes-away-the-best-film-vinayakan-bags-the-best-ac-1578711.html |title=Kerala State Film Awards 2016 announced: Manhole takes away the Best Film, Vinayakan bags the Best Actor |website=The New Indian Express |date=8 March 2017 |access-date=24 December 2018 |archive-date=8 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308044444/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/mar/07/kerala-state-film-awards-2016-anounced-manhole-takes-away-the-best-film-vinayakan-bags-the-best-ac-1578711.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

She gained further prominence with her performance in the coming-of-age drama ''[[June (2019 film)|June]]'' (2019), which was both a critical and commercial success. Her nuanced portrayal of the titular character was widely praised and solidified her reputation as one of the leading actresses in Malayalam cinema. This was followed by ''[[Kho-Kho (2021 film)|Khoo-Kho]]'' (2021).''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/090219/on-course-to-a-seasoned-actor.html |title=On course to a seasoned actor |last=Nair |first=Vidya |date=10 February 2019 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707150544/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/090219/on-course-to-a-seasoned-actor.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rajisha-vijayan-on-her-latest-film-june-felt-good-that-three-men-could-write-a-sensitive-story-about-a-girl-6102161.html |title=Rajisha Vijayan on her latest film June: 'Felt good that three men could write a sensitive story about a girl' |date=17 February 2019 |website=Firstpost |language=en |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707150545/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rajisha-vijayan-on-her-latest-film-june-felt-good-that-three-men-could-write-a-sensitive-story-about-a-girl-6102161.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/06/17/june-movie-team-success-celebration-guests-video.html |title=All Dileep needed was a selfie from team 'June'! |website=OnManorama |language=en |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707152527/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/06/17/june-movie-team-success-celebration-guests-video.html |url-status=live}}</ref>''

She starred in Tamil films such as ''[[Karnan (2021 film)|Karnan]]'' (2021) and the ''[[Sardar (2022 film)|Sardar]]'' film series (2022-2025).<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2021 |first=Janani |last=K. |title=Dhanush's Karnan to release in theatres on April 9. New poster out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-s-karnan-to-release-in-theatres-on-april-9-new-poster-out-1769089-2021-02-14 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214075714/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-s-karnan-to-release-in-theatres-on-april-9-new-poster-out-1769089-2021-02-14 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajisha Vijayan to play the female lead in Dhanush's next? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajisha-vijayan-to-play-the-female-lead-in-dhanushs-next/articleshow/71108618.cms |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 September 2019 |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111112146/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajisha-vijayan-to-play-the-female-lead-in-dhanushs-next/articleshow/71108618.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="S"/><ref name="S2"/> She played the lead in the short film ''Kovarty'' (2025), which premiered at the [[MAMI Mumbai Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/13/mami-select-filmed-on-iphone-short-film-kovarty-starring-rajisha-vijayan-gets-a-release-date|title=MAMI Select: Rajisha Vijayan's short film Kovarty filmed on iPhone gets a release date|date=13 April 2025|website=Cinema Express}}</ref> Her upcoming projects include ''Masthishkamaranam''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Love Movie Review: A thriller that transports you into the plot |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/love/movie-review/78717783.cms |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521091141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/love/movie-review/78717783.cms |url-status=live |archive-date=21 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/masthishka-maranam-krishands-next-announced-first-look-out/article69474015.ece|title=‘Masthishka Maranam’: Krishand’s next announced; first look out|first=|last=|date=21 April 2025|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

She has been featured in the Kochi Times Most Desirable Woman list three times; in 2017, 2019, and 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kochi Times Most Desirable Woman 2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kochi-times-most-desirable-woman-2017-parvathy/articleshow/62873036.cms |access-date=21 September 2018 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kochi Times 30 Most Desirable Woman 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kochi-times-most-desirable-women-of-2019/articleshow/74241269.cms |access-date=25 September 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet Kochi Times 30 Most Desirable Woman 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kochi-times-most-desirable-women-2020-check-out-the-full-list/articleshow/83145524.cms |access-date=27 September 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable"| Notes !! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Anuraga Karikkin Vellam]]''
| Elizabeth Prakash "Eli"
| rowspan="9" |[[Malayalam]]
|Debut film
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/this-day-that-year-rajisha-vijayan-celebrates-four-years-of-anuraga-karikkin-vellam/articleshow/76834626.cms |title=This Day That Year: Rajisha Vijayan celebrates four years of 'Anuraga Karikkin Vellam' |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 July 2020 |access-date=3 December 2021 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712042457/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/this-day-that-year-rajisha-vijayan-celebrates-four-years-of-anuraga-karikkin-vellam/articleshow/76834626.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2017
| ''[[Georgettan's Pooram]]''
| Merlin
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-mastered-a-slap-in-my-first-film-and-in-the-second-i-learnt-to-fall-rajisha/articleshow/56984565.cms |title=Georgettan's pooram: I mastered a slap in my first film and in the second, I learnt to fall: Rajisha | Malayalam Movie News |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 February 2017 |access-date=3 December 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413120057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-mastered-a-slap-in-my-first-film-and-in-the-second-i-learnt-to-fall-rajisha/articleshow/56984565.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oru Cinemakkaran]]''
| Sara Elsa Thomas
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-rajisha-vijayan-movie-oru-cinimaakkarans-official-teaser-is-here-/articleshow/58775013.cms |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan-Rajisha Vijayan movie Oru Cinimaakkaran's official teaser is here... |newspaper=The Times of India |date=21 May 2017 |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510121208/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasan-rajisha-vijayan-movie-oru-cinimaakkarans-official-teaser-is-here-/articleshow/58775013.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2019
| ''[[June (2019 film)|June]]''
| June Sara Joy
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-rajisha-vijayan-has-played-a-character-named-june/articleshow/83141249.cms |title=Did you know Rajisha Vijayan has played a character named 'June'? |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 June 2021 |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127073708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-rajisha-vijayan-has-played-a-character-named-june/articleshow/83141249.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Finals (film)|Finals]]''
| Alice Varghese
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/finals-rajisha-vijayan-gets-injured-on-the-sets-of-the-film/articleshow/69036456.cms |title='Finals': Rajisha Vijayan gets injured on the sets of the film |website=The Times of India |date=25 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2021 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517170229/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/finals-rajisha-vijayan-gets-injured-on-the-sets-of-the-film/articleshow/69036456.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Stand Up (2019 film)|Stand Up]]''
| Diya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=George |first=Anjana |date=8 April 2019 |title=Rajisha and Nimisha in team up for Vidhu Vincent's Stand Up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rajisha-and-nimisha-in-team-up-for-vidhu-vincents-stand-up/articleshow/68773210.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512091213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rajisha-and-nimisha-in-team-up-for-vidhu-vincents-stand-up/articleshow/68773210.cms |archive-date=12 May 2019 |access-date=15 November 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Love (Malayalam Movie)|Love]]''
| Deepthi
|
|<ref name="Times of India-1">{{cite news |title='Love' Trailer: Rajisha Vijayan and Shine Tom Chacko starrer looks intriguing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/love-trailer-rajisha-vijayan-and-shine-tom-chacko-starrer-looks-intriguing/articleshow/77818101.cms |access-date=29 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |ref=Times of India-1 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517170123/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/love-trailer-rajisha-vijayan-and-shine-tom-chacko-starrer-looks-intriguing/articleshow/77818101.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2021
| ''[[Kho-Kho (2021 film)|Kho Kho]]''
| Maria Francis
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajisha to play a kho kho coach in her next film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rajisha-to-play-a-kho-kho-coach-in-her-next-film/articleshow/77805910.cms |access-date=29 August 2020 |website=The Times of India |date=28 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=5 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105052427/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rajisha-to-play-a-kho-kho-coach-in-her-next-film/articleshow/77805910.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ellam Sheriyakum]]''
| Ancy Chacko
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/teaser-of-ellam-sheriyakum-starring-asif-ali-and-rajisha-vijayan-is-out-ellam-sheriyakum-movie-1.6060953 |title=Teaser of 'Ellam Sheriyakum' starring Asif Ali and Rajisha Vijayan is out |website=Mathrubhumi |date=5 October 2021 |access-date=5 November 2021 |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201101357/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/teaser-of-ellam-sheriyakum-starring-asif-ali-and-rajisha-vijayan-is-out-ellam-sheriyakum-movie-1.6060953 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Karnan (2021 film)|Karnan]]''
| Draupathi
| rowspan="3" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Confirmed! Rajisha Vijayayan to mark her Tamil debut with Dhanush starrer 'Karnan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/confirmed-rajisha-vijayayan-to-mark-her-tamil-debut-with-dhanush-starrer-karnan/articleshow/73137686.cms |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 January 2020 |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226030810/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/confirmed-rajisha-vijayayan-to-mark-her-tamil-debut-with-dhanush-starrer-karnan/articleshow/73137686.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]''
| Mythra
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rajisha-vijayan-signs-suriyas-next-with-gnanavel-news-tamil-vfeeiMafifeab.html |title=Rajisha Vijayan signs Suriya's next 'Jai Bhim' with Gnanavel! |date=4 May 2021 |accessdate=16 September 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
| ''[[Sardar (2022 film)|Sardar]]''
| Indhrani
|
|<ref name="S">{{Cite web |title=Rajisha Vijayan announces her next in Tamil, to act opposite Karthi |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rajisha-vijayan-announces-her-next-in-tamil-to-act-opposite-karthi-1.5618207 |access-date=9 May 2021 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509181840/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rajisha-vijayan-announces-her-next-in-tamil-to-act-opposite-karthi-1.5618207 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ramarao on Duty]]''
| Malini
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rama-rao-on-duty-after-divyansha-kaushik-rajisha-vijayan-roped-in-for-ravi-tejas-next-with-sarath-mandava/articleshow/84543305.cms |title=Rama Rao On Duty: After Divyansha Kaushik, Rajisha Vijayan roped in for Ravi Teja's next with Sarath Mandava |newspaper=The Times of India |date=19 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512174245/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rama-rao-on-duty-after-divyansha-kaushik-rajisha-vijayan-roped-in-for-ravi-tejas-next-with-sarath-mandava/articleshow/84543305.cms?amp_js_v=a6&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw== |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Freedom Fight (2022 film)|Freedom Fight]]''
| Geethu
| rowspan="8" |Malayalam
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=R. Menon |first=Akhila |date=11 February 2022 |title=Freedom fight |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/malayalam/freedom-fight/ottmoviereview/89486171.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=11 February 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211235929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/malayalam/freedom-fight/ottmoviereview/89486171.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Keedam]]''
| Radhika Balan
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/a-man-of-pure-dedication-says-vijay-babu-after-sharing-a-picture-with-sreenivasan/articleshow/87906911.cms |title="A man of pure dedication", says Vijay Babu after sharing a picture with Sreenivasan |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 November 2021 |access-date=3 December 2021 |archive-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125091634/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/a-man-of-pure-dedication-says-vijay-babu-after-sharing-a-picture-with-sreenivasan/articleshow/87906911.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Malayankunju]]''
| Sandhya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2022 |title=Fahadh Faasil's Malayankunju to stream on Prime Video from August 11 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/fahadh-faasil-malayankunju-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-august-11-8077824/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503070836/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/fahadh-faasil-malayankunju-to-stream-on-prime-video-from-august-11-8077824/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2023
| ''[[Lovefully Yours Veda (film)|Lovefully Yours Veda]]''
| Sree Veda
|
|<ref name="R3">{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/dec/14/rajisha-vijayan-director-gautham-menon-to-star-in-campus-film-lovefully-yours-vedha-2395190.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=16 December 2021 |title=Rajisha Vijayan, director Gautham Menon to star in campus film 'Lovefully Yours Vedha' |date=14 December 2021 |archive-date=16 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216133047/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/dec/14/rajisha-vijayan-director-gautham-menon-to-star-in-campus-film-lovefully-yours-vedha-2395190.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pakalum Paathiravum]]''
| Mercy
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/12/09/kunchacko-boban-rajisha-vijayan-ajai-vasudev-malayalam-cinema.html |title=Kunchacko Boban paired opposite Rajisha Vijayan in Ajai Vasudev's next |website=OnManorama |access-date=16 December 2021 |archive-date=16 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216142026/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/12/09/kunchacko-boban-rajisha-vijayan-ajai-vasudev-malayalam-cinema.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kolla (2023 film)|Kolla]]''
| Annie
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/rajisha-vijayan-priya-varrier-starring-movie-kolla-shooting-starts-tomorrow-sar-532195.html |title=Kolla Movie |'കൊള്ള' ആരംഭിച്ചു; രജിഷ വിജയനും പ്രിയ വാര്യരും പ്രധാന കഥാപാത്രങ്ങള്‍ |website=News18 Malayalam |date=12 May 2022 |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529173553/https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/rajisha-vijayan-priya-varrier-starring-movie-kolla-shooting-starts-tomorrow-sar-532195.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Madhura Manohara Moham]]''
| Meera Mohan
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rajisha-vijayan-s-madhura-manohara-moham-poorly-written-half-satire-178632 |title=Rajisha Vijayan's Madhura Manohara Moham is a poorly written half-satire |date=17 June 2023 |website=The News Minute |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629104854/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rajisha-vijayan-s-madhura-manohara-moham-poorly-written-half-satire-178632 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Amala (2023 film)|Amala]]''
| Amala
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 May 2023 |title=Anarkali Marikar to headline the psychological thriller 'Amala'; film to release on THIS date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anarkali-marikar-to-headline-the-psychological-thriller-amala-film-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/99951405.cms |access-date=3 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503070801/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anarkali-marikar-to-headline-the-psychological-thriller-amala-film-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/99951405.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2025 || ''[[Bison Kaalamaadan]]'' || Raaji || Tamil || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2024 |title=Mari Selvaraj-Dhruv Vikram film is titled Bison Kaalamaadan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/06/mari-selvaraj-dhruv-vikram-film-is-titled-bisonkaalamaadan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508035611/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/06/mari-selvaraj-dhruv-vikram-film-is-titled-bisonkaalamaadan |archive-date=8 May 2024 |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalamkaval]]'' || Divya || rowspan=2 | Malayalam || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=21 heroines in Mammootty's upcoming film; 'Kurup' writer's directorial debut |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=1516950|access-date=May 24, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2026 || ''[[Masthishka Maranam (film)|Masthishka Maranam]]'' || Frida Soman/Shalini Mullumurikkil || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-09 |title=Krishand’s Masthishka Maranam gets a release date, teaser out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Feb/09/krishands-masthishka-maranam-gets-a-release-date-teaser-out |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film| [[Sardar 2]]}} || {{TableTBA}} || Tamil || ||<ref name="S2">{{Cite news |date=16 August 2024 |title=Rajisha Vijayan joins Karthi's 'Sardar 2' with PS Mithran |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajisha-vijayan-joins-karthis-sardar-2-with-ps-mithran/articleshow/112558555.cms |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film
! Result
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2016
|[[Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Award]]
|Best Star Pair (shared with [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]])
| rowspan="4" | ''[[Anuraga Karikkin Vellam]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/mohanlal-to-perform-at-asianet-film-awards-2017/articleshow/56951142.cms |title=Mohanlal to perform at Asianet Film Awards 2017 |website=The Times of India |accessdate=13 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[2nd IIFA Utsavam]]
| Best Actress - Malayalam
|{{won}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|2017]]
| [[47th Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Awards]]
| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{won}}
| <ref name="auto"/>
|-
| [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Malayalam|Best Female Debut – Malayalam]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/siima-awards-heres-the-winners-list-from-malayalam/articleshow/59409434.cms |title=SIIMA Awards 2017 Malayalam Winners |website=The Times of India |date=2 July 2017 |access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| [[Asianet Film Awards]]
| Best Character Actress
| ''[[Stand Up (2019 film)|Stand Up]]'' & ''[[Finals (film)|Finals]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/asianet-film-awards-2020-full-list-q5dwhx |title=മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍ മികച്ച നടന്‍, പാര്‍വതി നടി, മഞ്ജു തമിഴ് നടി, പൃഥ്വിരാജ് സംവിധായകന്‍; ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റ് ഫിലിം അവാര്‍ഡ്‌ |website=Asianet News |accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|2021]]
| rowspan="4"| [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="2"| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress - Malayalam|Best Actress - Malayalam]]
| ''[[June (2019 film)|June]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2021 |title=SIIMA Awards nominees |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/dhanush-manju-warrier-chetan-kumar-others-siima-awards-announces-nominees-154502 |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|2022]]
| ''[[Love (2020 film)|Love]]''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jyothi |first=Y. Krishna |date=20 August 2022 |title=SIIMA 2022: Full list of nominees announced, voting begins |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/siima-2022-nominees-announced-voting-begins/ |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2022 |title=SIIMA 2022: Kangana Ranaut, Arya, Tovino Thomas, Aishwarya Lekshmi win top acting honours |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/photo-gallery-siima-2022-kangana-ranaut-arya-tovino-thomas-aishwarya-lekshmi-win-top-acting-honours-2984472/arya-2984474 |access-date=2 March 2022 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref>
|-
| Best Supporting Actress - Tamil
| ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Tamil|Best Female Debut – Tamil]]
|''[[Karnan (2021 film)|Karnan]]''
| {{nom}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=8135195}}

{{KeralaStateAwardForBestActress}}

{{SIIMA Award for Best Female Débutante}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayan, Rajisha}}
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Amity University, Mumbai, alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Ahmedabad–Prayagraj (Allahabad) Weekly Superfast Express

2026-04-30T18:11:13Z

Saurabh: Added basic article w/ refs

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Ahmedabad–Prayagraj (Allahabad) Weekly Superfast Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2014|11|13}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}} (ADI)
| stops = 18
| end = {{stnlnk|Prayagraj Junction}} (PRYJ)
| distance = {{convert|1483|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 26h 40m
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 22967/22968
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Ahmedabad–Prayagraj (Allahabad) Weekly Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] train belonging to the [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Prayagraj Junction}} in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Rohit K. |title=22967/Ahmedabad - Prayagraj SF Express (PT) - Ahmedabad to Allahabad WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-ahmedabad-prayagraj-sf-express-22967/23152/60/12852 |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> It is currently being operated with 22967/22968 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://konkanrailway.com/press/details/86 |title=Monsoon Time Table on Konkan Rly from 10 June 2016 |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801005748/http://konkanrailway.com/press/details/86 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.konkanrailway.com/press/details/617 Traffic Block between Nagothane and Roha station]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Konkan-railway-timetable-out/articleshow/47007996.cms | title=Konkan railway timetable out | date=22 April 2015 | newspaper=The Times of India | accessdate=16 August 2018 }}</ref>

== Service==

The 22967/Ahmedabad–Prayagraj (Allahabad) Weekly Superfast Express has an average speed of 56 km/h and covers 1483 km in 26h 40m. The 22968/Allahabad–Prayagraj (Allahabad) Weekly Superfast Express has an average speed of 55 km/h and covers 1483 km in 27h.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts for the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Nadiad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Anand Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bharuch Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Surat}}
* {{stnlnk|Nandurbar}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalgaon Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Khandwa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Narsinghpur}}
* {{stnlnk|Jabalpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Katni Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Maihar}}
* {{stnlnk|Satna Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Manikpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Allahabad Junction}}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard LHB rakes with a maximum speed of 130 km/h. The train consists of 18 coaches:

* 1 AC II Tier
* 2 AC III Tier
* 7 Sleeper coaches
* 6 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-4E]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Itarsi|Itarsi Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive from Ahmedabad to [[Itarsi]]. From Itarsi the train is hauled by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Samastipur|Samastipur Loco Shed]]-based [[WDM-3A]] or [[WDM-3D]] diesel locomotive to [[Prayagraj]], and vice versa.

==Direction reversal/Rake sharing==

The train shares its rake with 19415/19416 Ahmedabad–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Express.

== See also ==

* [[Prayagraj Junction railway station]]
* [[Ahmedabad Junction railway station]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/23152 22967/Ahmedabad - Allahabad Weekly SF Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/23153 22968/Allahabad - Ahmedabad Weekly SF Express] India Rail Info

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmedabad-Prayagraj (Allahabad) Weekly Superfast Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Trains from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2014]]

Nanda Master'nka Chatasali

2026-04-27T06:18:45Z

Saurabh: added the bio from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Nanda Master’nka Chatasali
| image = File:Nanda Master'nka Chatasali poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Pranab Kumar Aich]]
| writer = Pranab Kumar Aich
| producer = Abhaya Pati
| starring = [[Nanda Prusty]]
| cinematography = Pranab Kumar Aich
| editing = Pranab Kumar Aich
| music = Bibhuti Bhusan Gadnayak
| studio = Abhismita Films Studiowaala Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|12|7|[[Film Festival]]|2025|12|12|Theatrical}}
| runtime = 92 minutes
| country = India
| language = {{ubl|Odia|Hindi}}
}}
'''''Nanda Master’nka Chatasali''''' ([[English language|English]]: Nanda School of Tradition) is a hybrid documentary film directed by [[Pranab Kumar Aich]]. It is produced by Abhaya Pati under the banner of Abhismita films. The film narrates the journey of Indian centenarian free educationist [[Nanda Prusty]]'s unwavering commitment and selflessness towards the people of his village.
The film premiered at the [[29th Kolkata International Film Festival]] on 7 December 2023, where it competed in the [[Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema|Asian Select (NETPAC Award)]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Network for the Promotion of Asia Pacific Cinema {{!}} Festival Reports |url=https://netpacasia.org/blog3-Festival-Reports |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=Network for the Promotion of Asia Pacific Cinema |language=en}}</ref> category. The film was theatrically released in India on 12th December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=2025-12-18 |title=Pranab Aich: Nanda Master’nka Chatasali is my love letter to Bharath |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/international/interviews/2025/Dec/18/pranab-aich-nanda-masternka-chatasali-is-my-love-letter-to-bharath |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-12-20 |title=A Centenarian Hero Battles The Tough Screen Economy |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/entertainment/pranab-aich-interview-on-nanda-masternka-chatasali-documentary-on-padma-shri-nanda-prusty-enn25122001902 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> Official trailer and poster of the film was launched at Bharat Pavilion at the [[2024 Cannes Film Festival|77th Cannes Film Festival, 2024]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-21 |title=Odia film trailer on Padma Shri teacher to be launched at Cannes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odia-film-trailer-on-padma-shri-teacher-to-be-launched-at-cannes/articleshow/110285260.cms |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pattanayak |first=Pradeep |title=Trailer of Odia Film "Nanda Master'nka Chatasali" Screened at 77th Cannes Film Festival - Odisha TV |url=https://odishatv.in/news/entertainment/trailer-of-odia-film-nanda-master-nka-chatasali-screened-at-cannes-film-festival-236187 |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=Trailer of Odia Film "Nanda Master'nka Chatasali" Screened at 77th Cannes Film Festival - Odisha TV |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Nanda Prusty]]
*Khageswar Prusty
*Saisresth Das
*Nityasha Pattnaik
*Shivangi Tripathy
*Rabindra Rout

==Synopsis==
A coming-of-age journey of an inherent [[Minimalism|minimalist]], who struggles to preserve one of India's last traditional open-air schools called Chatasali. This documentary delves into the life of a mystic teacher, centenarian [[Nanda Prusty]], an ordinary Indian villager who gave free education to the poor for more than 70 years. Transforming from an actor to a teacher, Prusty's narrative extends across three generations, marked by his unwavering commitment to selflessly serve his village on a profound spiritual path. Just before his unexpected death, at the age of 103, he eventually came to limelight after receiving [[Padma Shri]], India's prominent civilian award.

==Production==
This hybrid documentary follows centenarian [[Nanda Prusty]] who ran a roofless school (called Chatasali) for over 70 years in [[Kantira]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Senapati |first=Ashis |date=2021-11-07 |title=Documentary on Odisha's centenarian Nanda master in the works |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governance/documentary-on-odisha-s-centenarian-nanda-master-in-the-works-80076 |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=Down To Earth |language=en}}</ref> village in [[Jajpur district|Jajpur]], [[Odisha]]. [[Pranab Kumar Aich]]<ref>{{Cite journal |date=March 20, 2024 |title=Nanda Master'Nka Chatasali A Feature-Length Documentary From Odisha |url=https://northeastfilmjournal.com/nanda-masternka-chatasali-a-feature-length-documentary-from-odishaa |journal=North East Film Journal}}</ref> when offered the chance to make the biography said, “When Nanda Sir’s story came to me, who was I on the earth to reject it. I instantly agreed to do it.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pattanayak |first=Pradeep |title=Trailer of Odia Film "Nanda Master'nka Chatasali" Screened at 77th Cannes Film Festival |website=Odisha TV |url=https://odishatv.in/news/entertainment/trailer-of-odia-film-nanda-master-nka-chatasali-screened-at-cannes-film-festival-236187 |access-date=2024-08-24 |language=en}}</ref>

==Release==
The film world premiered at the [[29th Kolkata International Film Festival]] on 7 December 2023 and competed in [[Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema|Asian Select (NETPAC Award)]] in the festival. On 11 May 2024, it was screened in 16th Habitat Film Festival, 2024, in [[Delhi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=HFF {{!}} 2024 |url=https://www.habitatworld.com/hff2024/details.php?editId=27 |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=www.habitatworld.com}}</ref>The film was theatrically released on 12th December 2025 in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanda Master'nka Chatasali (2025) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Bhubaneswar |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/bhubaneswar/nanda-masternka-chatasali/ET00473521?utm_source=FBLIKE&fbrefresh=1 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Ganesh Aaglave, writing in [[Firstpost]], praised it as an "emotional experience, and inspiration and above all a symbol of truthfulness, which teaches the true essence of life".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-04 |title=Nanda Master'nka Chatasali review: Pranab Aich's hybrid documentary on Indian Centenarian Free Educationist Nanda Prusty is heartfelt & inspiring |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nanda-masternka-chatasali-review-pranab-aichs-hybrid-documentary-on-indian-centenarian-free-educationist-nanda-prusty-is-heartfelt-inspiring-13841467.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
''Nanda Master’nka Chatasali'' also known as Nanda School Of Tradition was nominated in the Asian Select (NETPAC Award) category of 29th KIFF 2023.<ref name=":1" />The film was presented in DOK Leipzig Market Exclusives in [[Dok Leipzig|DOK Leipzig 2024]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nanda School of Tradition · DOK Leipzig |url=https://www.dok-leipzig.de/en/film/nanda-school-tradition |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=www.dok-leipzig.de |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Film Festivals
!Festival Name
!Category
!Status
!ref.
|-
|[[Dok Leipzig|67th DOK Leipzig, Germany]]
|Market Exclusives
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[St. Louis International Film Festival|34th St. Louis International Film Festival, USA]]
|
|Official selection
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanda School of Tradition |url=https://festivals.cinemastlouis.org/sliff2025/movies/nanda-school-of-tradition/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=SLIFF 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[29th Kolkata International Film Festival]], India
|Asian NETPAC AWARD
|Nominated
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[https://www.eiganokai.com/index.html 19th Kanazawa Film Festival, Japan]
|Choice of Kanazawa
|Official selection
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=カナザワ映画祭２０２５「聖なる映画」｜カナザワ映画祭公式note |url=https://note.com/eiganokai/n/nbecd91cc93af |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=note（ノート） |language=ja-JP}}</ref>
|-
|[https://celebratingindiaff.com/ 1st Celebrating India Film Festival, India]
|Best Documentary Award
|Nominated
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhavishya |date=2025-07-28 |title=NANDA MASTER’NKA CHATASALI - Celebrating India Film Festival |url=https://celebratingindiaff.com/nanda-school-of-tradition/ |access-date=2025-08-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[https://educationexpo.tv/dada-saheb-phalke-film-festival/index.php 15th Dada Saheb Film Festival, India]
|Best Documentary Award
|Winner
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dada Saheb Phalke Film Festival |url=https://educationexpo.tv/dada-saheb-phalke-film-festival/winner-detail.php?id=NDk1 |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=educationexpo.tv}}</ref>
|-
|[https://tamilnadufilmfestival.com/ 3rd Tamilnadu Film Festival, India]
|
|Official selection
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Selections 2025 – Tamil Nadu Film Festival |url=https://tamilnadufilmfestival.com/official-selections-2025/ |access-date=2025-08-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|16th Habitat Film Festival, India
|
|Official selection
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Account Suspended |url=https://www.habitatworld.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi?editId=27 |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=www.habitatworld.com}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official Website|https://www.nandamasternkachatasali.in/}}
* {{imdbtitle|tt32414572}}
* ''[https://letterboxd.com/film/nanda-school-of-tradition/ Nanda Master'nka Chatasali]'' at [[Letterboxd]]
* ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nanda_school_of_tradition Nanda Master'nka Chatasali]'' at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 documentary films]]
[[Category:2020s Odia-language films]]
[[Category:Indian docudrama films]]

Tonk–Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-24T02:45:52Z

Saurabh: creating some details added tags

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Tonk-Sawai Madhopur
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| type = LS
| constituency_no = 12
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Rajasthan/Tonk-Sawai Madhopur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Tonk–Sawai Madhopur Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Harish meena.png
| district = [[Tonk, India|Tonk]]
[[Sawai Madhopur District]]
| loksabha_cons = 12 - Tonk-Sawai Madhopur
| assembly_cons = [[Gangapur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Gangapur]] [[Bamanwas (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bamanwas]] [[Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]] [[Khandar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandar]] [[Malpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malpura]] [[Niwai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Niwai]] [[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]] [[Deoli-Uniara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deoli-Uniara]]
| mp = [[Harish Meena]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
}}
'''Tonk–Sawai Madhopur''' ({{IPA|hi|ʈõːk səʋaːiː maːd̪ʱoːpʊɾ}}) is one of the 25 [[Lok Sabha]] ([[Parliament of India|Parliamentary]]) constituencies in [[Rajasthan]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Tonk–Sawai Madhopur [[Lok Sabha]] comprises eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|title=Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies wise Polling Stations & Electors|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Rajasthan website}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|90
|[[Gangapur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Gangapur]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Sawai Madhopur district|Sawai Madhopur]]
|[[Ramkesh Meena]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|91
|[[Bamanwas (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bamanwas]] (ST)
|[[Indira Meena]]
|-
|92
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]]
|[[Kirodi Lal Meena]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|93
|[[Khandar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandar]] (SC)
|[[Jitendra Kumar Gothwal]]
|-
|94
|[[Malpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malpura]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Tonk district|Tonk]]
|[[Kanhaiya Lal Choudhary]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|95
|[[Niwai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Niwai]] (SC)
|[[Ram Sahay Varma]]
|-
|96
|[[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]]
|[[Sachin Pilot]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|97
|[[Deoli-Uniara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deoli-Uniara]]
|[[Rajendra Gurjar]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}
Deoli-Uniara assembly segment also came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of delimitation of legislative assembly constituencies. Gangapur City, Bamanwas, Sawai Madhopur and Khandar assembly segments were earlier in erstwhile [[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]] constituency. Malpura, Niwai and Tonk assembly segments were in erstwhile [[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk]] constituency.

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2004 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|rowspan=2|[[Namo Narain Meena]]
|rowspan =2 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|rowspan=2|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
|-|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|rowspan=2|[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|rowspan=2|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|}

==Election results==
===[[2024 Indian general election]]===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Tonk-Sawai Madhopur<ref>{{cite web|title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS2012.htm}}</ref><ref name="Tonk-Sawai Madhopur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Tonk-Sawai Madhopur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/rajasthan/tonk-sawai-madhopur |accessdate=30 October 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Harish Meena]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=6,23,763|percentage=50.85|change=+7.64}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=5,58,814|percentage=45.56|change=-6.68}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party |candidate=Prahalad Mali|votes=13,144|percentage=1.07|change=-0.82}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=8,177|percentage=0.67|change=}}

{{Election box majority||votes=64,949|percentage=5.29|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=12,28,602|percentage=57.13|change=}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===[[2019 Indian general election]]===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]]: Tonk-Sawai Madhopur<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]|votes=6,44,319|percentage=52.24|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Namo Narain Meena]]|votes=5,33,028|percentage=43.21|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Laxmi Kant Bairwa
|votes = 23,301
|percentage = 1.89
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=8,974|percentage=0.73|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =1,11,291
|percentage = 9.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=12,34,467 |percentage=63.44|change=+2.42}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party

|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Tonk, India|Tonk]]-[[Sawai Madhopur]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sukhbir Singh Jaunapuria]]
|votes = 5,48,537
|percentage = 52.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Mohammed Azharuddin]]
|votes = 4,13,031
|percentage = 39.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = National People's Party (India)
|candidate = Jagmohan Meena
|votes = 14,604
|percentage = 1.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Makkhan
|votes = 10,523
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,35,506
|percentage = 12.98
|change = +12.94
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,43,925|percentage=61.02|change=+7.90}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser=Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Tonk, India|Tonk]]–[[Sawai Madhopur]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Namo Narain Meena]]
|votes = 3,75,572
|percentage = 46.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kirori Singh Bainsla]]
|votes = 3,75,255
|percentage = 46.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Surendera Vyas
|votes = 23,457
|percentage = 2.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shiv Singh
|votes = 9,594
|percentage = 0.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 317
|percentage = 0.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=8,02,111|percentage=53.12|change=}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner =Indian National Congress

|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Tonk district]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26.0|76.0|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonk-Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Tonk district]]
[[Category:Sawai Madhopur district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies established in 2008]]
[[Category:Sawai Madhopur]]

Pithoria

2026-04-22T04:11:49Z

Saurabh: Started new pg.

{{distinguish|Pithauria}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pithoria
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.5214|N|85.2915|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6550
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (*For language details see [[Kanke block#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 834006
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 0651
| registration_plate = JH 01
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 78.62%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Kanke (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kanke]]
| website = {{URL|ranchi.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Pithoria''' is a village in the [[Kanke block|Kanke]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Ranchi Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Ranchi district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==History==
According to legend, [[Phani Mukut Rai]], the first Nagvanshi king established sun idol near Pithoria. In 2010, remains of Sun idol of sun temple have been discovered in Semair Bera and Rarha village about 11 km north of Pithoria which is dated to 12th century CE. Archeologist also discovered 16th century Idgah, 18th century Shiva temple, 19th century garrison. The garrison was built during Indian rebellion of 1857. According to literary source, [[Sher Shah Suri]] rested in idgarh before attacking [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]] of Bengal. The garrison may have been constructed by king of Pithoria [[Jagatpal Singh]] in 1857.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/800-years-come-alive-in-pithoria-s-relics-archaeological-explorations-in-two-hamlets-yield-artefacts-from-12th-century-to-colonial-times/cid/482858|title=800 years come alive in Pithoria's relics - Archaeological explorations in two hamlets yield artefacts from 12th Century to colonial times|date=8 September 2010|website=telegraphindia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianvagabond.com/2015/10/28/pithoria-fort-a-promise-and-a-curse/?amp=1|title=Pithoria Fort – A Promise and a Curse|publisher=indianvagabond|year=2015|access-date=28 October 2022}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=350| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|23|23|0|N|85|25|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Ranchi district in South Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, T: tourist centre, D: dam, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|24|26|N|85|29|6|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Angara | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Angara, Jharkhand]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|32|53|N|84|55|25|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Balsokra| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Balsokra]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|18|5|N|85|0|56|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bero| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Bero, India]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|34|28|N|85|7|53|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Burmu| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Burmu]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|30|44|N|84|58|35|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Chanho| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Chanho]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|34|43|N|85|31|2|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chutupalu| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Chutupalu]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|40|5|N|85|1|20|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Dakra| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Dakra, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|21|24|N|85|7|21|E}} | label-pos8=top|label8= Itki| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Itki, India]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|6|45|N|84|56|32|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Lapung| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Lapung]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|27|47|N|85|5|29|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Mandar| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Mandar, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|26|5|N|85|24|44|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Mesra| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Mesra, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|19|20|N|85|11|0|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Nagri| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Nagri, Jharkhand]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|29|30|N|85|29|0|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Ormanjhi| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Ormanjhi]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|15|55|N|85|38|40|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Rahe| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Rahe, Jharkhand]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|21|1|N|85|51|4|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Silli| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Silli]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|12|13|N|85|42|26|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Sonahatu| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Sonahatu]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|3|15|N|85|39|19|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Tamar| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Tamar, India]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|16|40|N|85|18|30|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Hatia| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Hatia]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|21|6|N|85|19|12|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Ranchi| numbered19=M| mark-title19= [[Ranchi]] (M) |label-size19=12 |label-color19=#800000
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|10|12|N|85|34|48|E}} | label-pos20=top|label20=Bundu| numbered20=M| mark-title20= [[Bundu, India]] (M) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|21|25|N|85|24|15|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Ara | numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Ara, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color21= #A40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|25|50|N|85|20|40|E}} | label-pos22=top|label22= Arsande | numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Arsande]] (CT) |shape-color22= #A40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|18|20|N|85|22|11|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Bargarwa | numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Bargarwa]] (CT) |shape-color23= #A40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|39|40|N|85|0|16|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Bishrampur | numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Bishrampur, Jharkhand]] (CT) |shape-color24= #A40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|41|55|N|85|1|11|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Churi | numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Churi]] (CT) |shape-color25= #A40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|27|46|N|85|26|32|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Irba | numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Irba]] (CT) |shape-color26= #A40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|26|8|N|85|18|20|E}} | label-pos27=bottom|label27= Kanke | numbered27=CT| mark-title27=[[Kanke]] (CT) |shape-color27= #A40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|38|10|N|84|59|0|E}} | label-pos28=bottom|label28= Khelari | numbered28=CT| mark-title28=[[Khelari]] (CT) |shape-color28= #A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|23|44|N|85|51|41|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Muri | numbered29=CT| mark-title29=[[Muri, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|19|50|N|85|22|36|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Namkum | numbered30=N| mark-title30=[[Namkum, Ranchi]] (N) |shape-color30=#C42222
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|25|13|N|85|13|14|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Ratu | numbered31=CT| mark-title31= [[Ratu, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color31= #A40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|42|36|N|85|3|12|E}} | label-pos32=right|label32= Ray | numbered32=CT| mark-title32=[[Ray, Jharkhand]] (CT) |shape-color32= #A40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|22|57|N|85|25|44|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33= Tati | numbered33=CT| mark-title33=[[Tati, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color33= #A40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|19|20|N|85|14|10|E}} | label-pos34=bottom|label34= Tundul | numbered34=CT| mark-title34=[[Tundul]] (CT) |shape-color34= #A40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|27|4|N|85|41|36|E}} | label-pos35= bottom|label35=Hundru |labela35= Falls| numbered35=T| mark-title35= [[Hundru Falls]] (T) |shape-color35= #74C365
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|20|30|N|85|36|30|E}} | label-pos36=right|label36=Jonha Falls| numbered36=T| mark-title36= [[Jonha Falls]] (T) |shape-color36= #74C365
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|8|46|N|85|28|2|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37=Dassam Falls| numbered37=T| mark-title37= [[Dassam Falls]] (T) |shape-color37= #74C365
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|27|34|N|85|32|40|E}}| label38= Getalsud |labela38= Dam| label-color38 = #C42222 | label-angle38=0| label-pos38=right| label-size38=11| mark-size38=12| numbered38=D|mark-title38 =[[Getalsud Dam]]| shape-color38=#C42222
|mark-coord39={{coord|23|28|0|N|85|48|0|E}} |label39= Subarnarekha |labela39= River |label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39= 5| label-pos39=top| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|23|16|0|N|85|46|0|E}} |label40= Raru |labela40= River |label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40= 10| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|23|5|20|N|85|43|0|E}} |label41= Kanchi |labela41= River |label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= -25| label-pos41=top| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|22|58|0|N|85|48|0|E}} |label42= Karkari |labela42= River |label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 5| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|23|29|40|N|85|37|0|E}} |label43= Bhairavi |labela43= River |label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= -10| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|23|42|20|N|85|9|0|E}} |label44= Damodar |labela44= River |label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44= 0| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|mark-coord45={{coord|23|24|0|N|84|55|0|E}} |label45= Koel |labela45= River |label-color45 = #77A1CB| label-angle45= 0| label-pos45=top| label-size45=10| mark-size45=0| mark-title45 =none
|mark-coord46={{coord|23|38|20|N|85|1|20|E}} | label-pos46=right|label46=CCL North|labela46= Karanpura Area |numbered46=0 | mark-title46=[[North Karanpura Area]] | label-size46=12| shape-color46=#AA6666
|mark-coord47={{coord|23|23|18|N|84|57|45|E}} | label-pos47=left|label47= Narkopi| numbered47=R| mark-title47=[[Narkopi]] (R)
|mark-coord48={{coord|23|31|17|N|85|17|29|E}} | label-pos48=left|label48= Pithuriya| numbered48=R| mark-title48=Pithuriya (R)|shape-color48=black| label-size48=13|label-color48=black 
|mark-coord49={{coord|23|29|6|N|85|36|33|E}} | label-pos49=right|label49= Sikidiri| numbered49=R| mark-title49=[[Sikidiri]] (R)
|mark-coord50={{coord|23|19|37|N|84|55|28|E}} | label-pos50=top|label50= Khukhragarh| numbered50=H| mark-title50=[[Khukhragarh]] (H)
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|12|10|N|85|57|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-95| arc-gapA=2.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

===Location===
Pithuriya is located at {{coord|23.5214|N|85.2915|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Ranchi plateau]], most of it at an average elevation of 2,140 feet above sea level. Only a small part in the north-eastern part of the district is the lower Ranchi plateau, spread over [[Silli block|Silli]], [[Rahe block|Rahe]], [[Sonahatu block|Sonahatu]] and [[Tamar block|Tamar]] CD blocks, at an elevation of 500 to 1,000 feet above sea level. There is a 16 km long ridge south-west of Ranchi. There are isolated hills in the central plateau. The principal river of the district, the [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]], originates near [[Ratu, Ranchi|Ratu]], flows in an easterly direction and descends from the plateau, with a drop of about 300 feet at [[Hundru Falls]]. Subarnarekha and other important rivers are marked on the map. The forested area is shaded in the map.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 10-11: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> A major part of the [[North Karanpura Area]] and some fringe areas of the [[Piparwar Area]] of the [[Central Coalfields|Central Coalfields Limited]], both located in the [[North Karanpura Coalfield]], are in Ranchi district.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/nrkpra.php | title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – North Karanpura |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 19 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/pprwr.php| title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – Piparwar |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 19 September 2021}}</ref> There has been extensive industrial activity in Ranchi district, since independence.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 14: Industry |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> Ranchi district is the first in the state in terms of population. 8.83% of the total population of the state lives in this district - 56.9% is rural population and 43.1% is urban population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 10-11: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Pithoria police station is at Pithoria.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| title= District Police Profile - Ranchi |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 21 September 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Pithoria had a total population of 6,550, of which 3,413 (52%) were males and 3,137 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 963. The total number of literate persons in Pithoria was 4,393 (78.62% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi , Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 373470, page 142-143|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 21 September 2021}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[State Highway 2 (Jharkhand)|State Highway 2]] (Ramgarh-Patratu-Ranchi Road), an important roadway in Ranchi district, passes through Pithuriya.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Census of India 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 15 Transport| publisher = Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand |access-date = 21 September 2021}}</ref><ref>Google maps</ref>

==Education==
Government High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1946. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class X. The school has a playground, a library with 104 books, and has 4 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140110401/govt-upg-high-school-pithoriya.html |title = Government UPG High School Pithoriya |publisher= Schools.org.in | access-date = 22 September 2021}}</ref>

Kisan High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1977. It has facilities for teaching in classes IX and X. The school has a playground, a library with 850 books, and has 2 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140110408/kisan-high-school-pithoriya.html |title = Kisan High School Pithoriya |publisher= Schools.org.in | access-date = 22 September 2021}}</ref>

Prem Manjari High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1994. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class X. The school has a playground, a library with 334 books, and has 5 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140110409/prem-manjari-high-school-pithouriya.html |title = Prem Manjari High School Pithouriya |publisher= Schools.org.in | access-date = 22 September 2021}}</ref>

Nischal Memorial High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 2001. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class X. The school has a playground, a library with 100 books, and has 4 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140110405/nischal-memorial-high-school-pithoriya.html |title = Nischal Memorial High School Pithoriya |publisher= Schools.org.in | access-date = 22 September 2021}}</ref>

Shaheed Sheikh Bhikari College of Education at Sutiyambe, Pithuriya, was established in 2012. Affiliated with [[Ranchi University]], it offers a degree course in education.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.careers360.com/colleges/shaheed-sheikh-bhikhari-college-of-education-ranchi |title = Shaheed Sheikh Bhikhari College of Education, Ranchi |publisher= Careers 369| access-date = 22 September 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Ranchi district]]

Shaktipada Mahato

2026-04-21T11:50:24Z

Saurabh: creating basic stub basic info

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shaktipada Mahato
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2016
| term_end = 2021
| constituency = [[Joypur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Joypur]]
| predecessor = Dhirendra Nath Mahato
| successor = [[Narahari Mahato]]
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shaktipada Mahato''' is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] in [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] from Joypur, as a member of the [[Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=SHAKTIPADA MAHATO (Winner) JOYPUR (PURULIA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=41|access-date=2025-06-22|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal Assembly Election Results in 2016|url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/2016-election-results.html|access-date=2025-06-22|website=Elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Joypur Assembly Constituency Election Result|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/joypur-west-bengal-assembly-constituency|access-date=2025-06-22|website=Result University}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahato, Shaktipada}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Purulia district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Bahera Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:36:15Z

Saurabh: Added the article w/ sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Bahera 
| type = SLA
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency|Darbhanga]]
|established = 1977
|abolished = 2010
}}
'''Bahera Assembly constituency''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Darbhanga district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]], Bahera Assembly constituency ceased to exist in 2010.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

It was part of [[Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf |title = General Elections, 2004 - Details for Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies |work = 15. Darbhanga | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-10-25 }}</ref>

==Results==
===1977-2005===
In [[Bihar Assembly Election, Oct 2005|October 2005]], [[Bihar Assembly Election, Feb 2005|February 2005]], and 2000 state assembly elections, Abdul Bari Siddiqui of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] won the Bahera assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals Ram Narayan Thakur, Mahendra Jha Azad and Harish Chandra Jha, all of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]], respectively. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Abdul Bari Siddiqui representing [[Janata Dal|JD]] defeated Harish Chandra Jha of BJP in 1995. Mahendra Jha Azad of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]/ Independent defeated Abdul Bari Siddiqui of JD/ [[Lok Dal|LD]] in 1990 and 1985. Paramanand Jha of Congress defeated Abdul Bari Siddiqui of Janata Party (Secular – Charan Singh) in 1980. Abdul Bari Siddiqui of [[Janata Party|JP]] defeated Harinath Mishra of Congress in 1977.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp85.htm |title = 85 - Bahera Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-01-15 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120331001954/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp85.htm |archive-date = 2012-03-31 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Darbhanga Division topics}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Darbhanga district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 disestablishments in India]]
{{coord|26|08|47|N|86|12|27|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=inline,title}}

Ghrishneshwar Temple

2026-04-16T03:14:25Z

Saurabh: starting a place w/ infobox

{{Short description|Shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga
| image = Grishneshwar temple in Aurangabad district.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]]<ref>[http://tourism.gov.in/CMSPagePicture/file/marketresearch/statewise20yrsplan/Maharashtra.pdf Ghrishneshwar Aurangabad GPS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911083450/http://tourism.gov.in/CMSPagePicture/file/marketresearch/statewise20yrsplan/Maharashtra.pdf |date=11 September 2013 }} Govt of Maharashtra</ref>
| coordinates = {{coord|20|1|29.9|N|75|10|11.7|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
| location = [[Verul]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Shri Ghrishneshwar ([[Shiva]])
| festivals = [[Mahashivratri]]
| architecture = [[Hemadpanthi]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =

|religious_affiliation= [[Hinduism]]}}

'''Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''Ghṛṣṇeśvara''), also known as '''Grishneswhar''', is a [[Hindu temple]] of [[Shiva]] in Verul village of [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is one of the 12 ''[[Jyotirlinga]]'' mandirs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sambhaji Nagar District Administration |first=Government Of Maharashtra |title=Ellora Leni and Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple, Verul |url=https://aurangabad.gov.in/en/tourist-place/kailas-temple-verul/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402112223/https://aurangabad.gov.in/en/tourist-place/kailas-temple-verul/ |archive-date=April 2, 2023 |access-date=2023-04-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Swati Mitra|title=Omkareshwar and Maheshwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0RpUoGiou4C&pg=PA25|year=2011|publisher=Goodearth Publications|isbn=978-93-80262-24-6|page=25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Directorate of Publicity |first=Maharashtra State (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEJuAAAAMAAJ&q=Ghrishneshwar+Temple |title=Handbook of Maharashtra State |date=1960 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> The mandir is a national protected site, one and a half kilometers away from the [[Ellora Caves]], {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=off}} north-west of the city [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], and {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=off}} east-northeast far from [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Shoumojit |date=2023-02-08 |title=Hillary Clinton visits Ellora Caves, Grishneshwar temple in Sambhaji Nagar |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hillary-clinton-visits-ellora-caves-grishneshwar-temple-in-aurangabad/article66485789.ece |access-date=2023-04-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Ghrishneshwar is mentioned in the ''[[Shiva Purana]]'', the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'', the ''[[Ramayana]]'' and the ''[[Mahabharata]].''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=बारा ज्योतिर्लिंग: घृष्णेश्वर मंदिराचा नेमका इतिहास काय आहे ? |script-title= |trans-title=12 Jyotirlinga : What is the history of Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga? |url=https://www.esakal.com/culture-and-religion/12-jyotirlingas-what-is-the-exact-history-of-ghrishneshwar-temple-dds97 |website=Esakal |language=mr-IN}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The etymology is not sure. Several traditional accounts exist for the origin of the Sanskrit compound ghṛṣṇeśvara: The first account is a story from the Padmapurāṇa where a devoted woman named Ghṛṣṇā asks Śiva to come and reside in this place. Thus, the name Lord of Ghṛṣṇā [ghṛṣṇeśvara]. The second story Pārvatī as rubbing (Sanskrit root ''ghṛṣ-'') safron on her palms, and out of the rubbing this particular Śivalinga is produced.<ref>{{Cite book |last=जोशी |first=महादेव शास्त्री |title=भारतीय संस्कृतिकोश |volume=3 |pages=274 |language=mr |trans-title=Dictionary of Indian Culture}}</ref>

A rarer alternative form of the name, ''Ghrneshwara'' means "lord of compassion".{{Sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=247}}

==History==
The temple structure was destroyed by the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 13th and 14th centuries. The temple went through several rounds of rebuilding followed by re-destruction during the Mughal-[[Maratha]] conflict. [[Maloji Bhosale]] (grandfather of [[Shivaji]]) first restored it in the 16th century and rebuilt it to its current form in the year 1729, under the sponsorship of queen [[Gautama Bai Holkar]] of Indore, after the fall of the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Norman1988">{{cite book|author=Bruce Norman|title=Footsteps: Nine Archaeological Journeys of Romance and Discovery|url=https://archive.org/details/footsteps00bruc |url-access=registration|year=1988|publisher=Salem|isbn=978-0-88162-324-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/footsteps00bruc/page/99 99]–100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Swati Mitra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0RpUoGiou4C&pg=PA25 |title=Omkareshwar and Maheshwar |publisher=Goodearth Publications |year=2011 |isbn=978-93-80262-24-6 |pages=23–25}}</ref> It is presently an important and active pilgrimage site of the Hindus and attracts long lines of devotees daily. Anyone can enter the temple premises and its inner chambers, but to enter the sanctum sanctorum (garbha-gruha) of the temple, the local Hindu tradition demands that men must go bare-chested.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

[[File:Grishneshwar Shiva temple Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|200px|Ghrishneshwar Shiva temple]]

== Historical Background ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2024}}
This story about the Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visit the Grishneshwar Temple in Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/maharashtra/chhatrapati-sambhaji-nagar/grishneshwar-temple |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=Incredible India |language=en}}</ref> is described in the Puranas- in the south country, there lived a very bright ascetic Brahmin named Sudharma, near the Devgiri Mountain. His wife's name was Sudeha. Both of them had a lot of love for each other. They had no problems of any kind, but they had no children.

Astrological calculations showed that there could be no childbirth from Sudeha's womb. Sudeha was very keen to have children. She urged Sudharma to marry her younger sister.

At first, Sudharma did not want to do this but in the end, he had to bow down to his wife's insistence. He could not resist her request. He married his wife's younger sister Ghushma and brought her home. Ghushma was a very humble and virtuous woman. She was an ardent devotee of Shiva. Every day, she made one hundred and one earthly Shivalingas and worshiped them with true devotion.

Shiva caused a very beautiful and healthy child to be born from her womb a few days later. With the birth of the child, there was no end to the joy of both Sudeha and Ghushma. Their days were going by very comfortably. A while later a bad thought took birth in Sudeha's mind. She thought, "I don't have anything in this house. Everything here has been infiltrated. She also took control of my husband. The child is also hers." This evil thought slowly began to grow in her mind. Meanwhile the child of Ghushma was also growing up. Slowly, he became young. He also got married.

Finally, one day, Sudeha killed Ghushma's young son while sleeping at night. She took his body and threw it in the same pond in which Ghushma used to immerse the earthly Shivalingas every day. In the morning, everyone came to know about it. There was chaos in the whole house. Both Sudharma and his daughter-in-law beat their heads and started crying bitterly. But Ghushma remained engrossed in the worship of Shiva as usual as if nothing had happened. After finishing the puja, she set out to release the mortal Shivalingas into the pond. When she started returning from the pond, her beloved son was seen coming out from inside the pond. He fell at the feet of Ghushma.

As if he was somewhere nearby at the same time, Shiva also appeared there and asked Ghushma to ask for a boon. He was very angry with Sudeha's heinous act. He was eager to slit her throat with his trident. Ghushma folded his hands and said to Shiva- 'Prabhu! If you are happy with me, forgive that unfortunate sister of mine. She has committed a heinous sin, but by Your mercy I got my son back. Now forgive her my lord! I have one more prayer, for the welfare of the people, you should live in this place forever.'

Shiva accepted both these things. Appearing in the form of Jyotirlinga, he started living there. Due to the worship of Sati Shiva devotee Ghushma, he became known here as Ghushmeshwar Mahadev.

== Architecture ==
The Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga Mandir is built with black stone on an area spanning 44,000 sq ft. It has various sculptures and fine designs on its interior and exterior walls. A ''Jyotirlinga'' ''[[murti]]'' is situated in the ''[[Garbhagriha]]'' of the mandir and a large murti of lord Shiva's favourite ''[[Bhakti|Bhakt]]'' ''[[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]]'' is present in front of the main door.

== Other Jyotirlinga In Maharashtra ==
* [[Jyotirlinga]]
* [[Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple]]
* [[Bhimashankar Temple]]
* [[Shri Vaijnath Temple]]
* [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book | last=Eck | first=Diana L. | year=1999 | title=Banaras, city of light | place=New York | publisher= Columbia University Press | edition=First | isbn=0-231-11447-8
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J57C4d8Bv6UC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PA107}}
*{{Cite book |last=Gwynne|first=Paul |title=World Religions in Practice: A Comparative Introduction|year=2009|publisher=Blackwell Publication |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-4051-6702-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdsRKc_knZoC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PT271}}.
*{{Citation | last = Lochtefeld | first = James G. | title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M | year = 2002 | publisher=Rosen Publishing Group | isbn=0-8239-3179-X | page=122 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC}}

== External links ==
* https://templeknowledge.com/about-grishneshwar-temple/

{{Shaivism}}
{{Shiva temples}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Jyotirlingas]]
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Structures built or renovated by Ahilyabai Holkar]]
[[Category:Shaivism]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]

Ajay Pratap Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)

2026-04-02T04:12:17Z

Saurabh: Added a bio v1

{{Short description|Indian politician (1964–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kunwar Ajay Pratap Singh
| predecessor = Yogesh Pratap Singh
| successor = [[Ajay (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Ajay Kumar Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1964|03|27}}
| birth_place = [[Colonelganj]], [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2025|01|23|1964|03|27}}
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
[[Indian National Congress]]
[[Independent politician|Independent]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end = 2022
| term_end1 = 2008
| term_start1 = 2007
| term_start2 = 1989
| term_end2 = 2002
| predecessor1 = Yogesh Pratap Singh
| predecessor2 = Umeshwar Pratap Singh
| successor1 = Kunwari Brij Singh
| successor2 = Yogesh Pratap Singh
| parents = Kunwar Madan Mohan Singh (father)
| nickname = Lalla Bhaiyya
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Colonelganj Assembly constituency|Colonelganj]]
| constituency = [[Colonelganj Assembly constituency|Colonelganj]]
| constituency2 = [[Colonelganj Assembly constituency|Colonelganj]]
| relations = Kunwari Brij Singh (sister)
}}
'''Kunwar Ajay Pratap Singh''', also known as '''Lalla Bhaiyya''', was an Indian politician and six-time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from the [[Colonelganj Assembly constituency]] in [[Gonda district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=herald>{{cite news |title=Former 6-time UP MLA from Colonelganj dies after prolonged illness |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/uttar-pradesh/former-6-time-up-mla-from-colonelganj-dies-after-prolonged-illness-3370095 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=24 January 2025}}</ref> He was associated with the former princely state of Bargadi Kot.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dixit |first1=Pawan |title=Battle royale as rivals join hands in Gonda’s Colonelganj |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election/up-polls-battle-royale-as-rivals-join-hands-in-gonda-s-colonelganj-101645897152476.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=26 February 2022}}</ref> He died on 23 January 2025 at the age of 60.<ref name=ujala/>

== Career ==
Singh started his political career in 1989 as an independent candidate, securing his first election victory. In 1991, he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and was re-elected from the [[Colonelganj Assembly constituency]]. He continued his tenure as MLA with consecutive wins in 1993 and 1996 on the BJP ticket.<ref name=herald/>

In 2002, he contested the elections but lost to Yogesh Pratap Singh of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name=ujala>{{cite news |title=पूर्व भाजपा विधायक लल्ला भैया का निधन |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/gonda/former-bjp-mla-lalla-bhaiya-passes-away-gonda-news-c-100-1-slko1026-131415-2025-01-23 |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=23 January 2025 |language=Hindi}}</ref> In 2007, he contested election from [[Indian National Congress]] party and won the seat.<ref name=herald/> In the 2008 by-elections, he supported his sister, Kunwari Brij Singh, who contested on a [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] ticket and won the election. In the 2012 Assembly elections, he lost by a narrow margin to Yogesh Pratap Singh.<ref name=ujala/> He was elected again from the Colonelganj constituency in the 2017 Assembly elections.<ref name=herald/> In 2022, he did not receive a ticket from the BJP to contest the election.<ref>{{cite news |title=छह विधायकों पर भरोसा , लल्ला भैया का टिकट कटा |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/gonda/story-trust-in-six-mlas-lalla-bhaiya-39-s-ticket-cut-5684035.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]] |date=29 January 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

== Health issues and death ==
Singh suffered a [[heart attack]] a year before his death and was undergoing treatment. He died on 23 January 2025 at [[Medanta Hospital]] in [[Lucknow]] at the age of 60. His funeral took place at Katra Shahbazpur Mela Bagiya.<ref name=herald/> Thirty days after his death, his sister, former MLA Kunwari Brij Singh, also died.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Vrinda |title=भाई के निधन के 30वें दिन बहन ने भी तोड़ा दम, कर्नलगंज की पूर्व विधायक थी कुंवरि बृज सिंह |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gonda-former-colonelganj-mla-kunwari-brij-singh-passes-away-23888861.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=February 22, 2025 |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ajay Pratap}}
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Gonda district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1964 births]]

Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019

2026-03-29T18:16:47Z

Saurabh:

{{Short description|Law regarding citizenship rights for migrants to India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| image =
| imagesize = 100
| long_title = An Act further to amend the Citizenship Act, 1955.
| citation = [http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/214646.pdf Act No. 47 of 2019]
| territorial_extent =
| enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha]]
| date_passed = {{start date|df=yes|2019|12|10}}
| enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| date_passed2 = {{start date|df=yes|2019|12|11}}
| date_assented = {{start date|df=yes|2019|12|12}}
| date_signed = {{start date|df=yes|2019|12|12}}
| signed_by = [[Ram Nath Kovind]], [[President of India]]
| date_effective = {{start date and age|df=yes|2020|1|10}}<ref name="S.O. 172(E)">{{cite web |title=MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NOTIFICATION S.O. 172(E) |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/215314.pdf |website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date= 11 March 2024 |date=10 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="IE effective">{{cite news |title=Citizenship Amendment Act comes into effect from today as MHA issues notification |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=10 January 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/citizenship-amendment-act-india-protest-nrc-6210433/}}</ref>
| date_commenced =
| code_sections_created = 11th March, 2024
| bill = Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019
| bill_citation = [http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/370_2019_LS_Eng.pdf Bill No. 370 of 2019]
| bill_date = {{start date and age|df=yes|2019|12|09}}
| introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]], [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| 1st_reading = {{start date|df=yes|2019|12|09}}
| 2nd_reading = {{start date|df=yes|2019|12|10}}
| 3rd_reading = {{start date|df=yes|2019|12|11}}
| amends = [[Citizenship Act, 1955]]
| summary =
| conf_committee_passed =
| committee_report =
| date_conf_committee =
| white_paper =
| keywords =
| status = in force
}}

The '''Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019''' ('''CAA''') was passed by the [[Parliament of India]] on 11 December 2019. It amended the [[Indian nationality law|Citizenship Act, 1955]] by providing an accelerated pathway to Indian citizenship for [[Religious persecution|persecuted]] refugees of religious minorities from [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Pakistan]] who arrived in India by 2014. The eligible minorities were stated as [[Hindus]], [[Sikhs]], [[Buddhists]], [[Jain]]s, [[Parsis]] or [[Christians]].<ref name="BBC explained">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-50670393 Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new 'anti-Muslim' law explained] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212192621/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50670393 |date=12 December 2019 }}, BBC News, 11 December 2019.</ref><ref name="PIBPassesBill">{{Cite web |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=195783 |title=Parliament passes the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill 2019 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref> The law does not grant such eligibility to [[Muslims]] from these countries.<ref name="CNNExcludes"/><ref name="NPRExcludes"/><ref name="Washington Post" /> Additionally, the act excludes 58,000 [[Sri Lankan Tamil]] refugees, who have lived in India since the 1980s. The act was the first time that religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under [[Indian law]], and it attracted global criticism.<ref name="Washington Post">{{cite news |last1=Slater |first1=Joanna |title=Why protests are erupting over India's new citizenship law |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/why-indias-citizenship-law-is-so-contentious/2019/12/17/35d75996-2042-11ea-b034-de7dc2b5199b_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=18 December 2019 |access-date=18 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218215158/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/why-indias-citizenship-law-is-so-contentious/2019/12/17/35d75996-2042-11ea-b034-de7dc2b5199b_story.html |archive-date=18 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|{{harvp|Sharma|2019|p=523}}: "First, citizenship status biased towards religious identity is by no means a new idea.... A careful study of the policies and laws related to citizenship, adopted since independence substantiate the assertion that citizenship in India has always been based on an implicit belief that India is for Hindus."}}{{efn|{{harvp|Sen|2018|pp=10–11}}: "Nehru's response [to Patel's warning] made it clear that Muslim migrants from Pakistan could not join the ranks of refugees in India... Thus, despite broad public statements promising citizenship to all displaced persons from Pakistan, Hindu migrants alone counted as citizen-refugees in post-partition India."}}{{efn|{{harvp|Jayal|2019|pp=34–35}}: "While some elements of religious difference had... been covertly smuggled in earlier, this bill seeks to do so overtly."}}

The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), which led the [[Indian government]] in 2019,<ref name="FPJ">{{cite news |title=From CAA to Art 370 Abrogation: 5 of Modi govt's boldest moves |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/from-caa-to-art-370-abrogation-5-of-modi-govts-boldest-moves |access-date=2 January 2020 |newspaper=Free Press Journal |date=20 December 2020}}</ref> had promised in previous election manifestos to offer Indian citizenship to members of persecuted religious minorities who had migrated from neighbouring countries.<ref name=bjplsmanifesto>[https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5798075-Bjp-Election-2019-Manifesto-English.html Sankalpit Bharat Sashakt Bharat] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110060600/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5798075-Bjp-Election-2019-Manifesto-English.html |date=10 November 2019 }}, BJP Sankalp Patra Lock Sabha 2019 (Manifesto, 2019)</ref><ref name="ITEndorsement"/> Under the 2019 amendment, migrants who had entered [[India]] by 31 December 2014, and had suffered "[[religious persecution]] or fear of religious persecution" in their country of origin, were made eligible for accelerated citizenship.<ref name="PIBPassesBill" /> The amendment lowered the residence requirement for [[naturalisation]] of these migrants from twelve years to six.<ref name="PRS India">{{cite web |title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 |url=http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf |website=PRS India |access-date=11 December 2019 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212091630/http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf |url-status=dead }}: "For these groups of persons, the 11 years' requirement will be reduced to five years." This is in addition to twelve-month residency immediately preceding the citizenship application.</ref> According to [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] records, there will be just over 30,000 immediate beneficiaries of the act.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saha |first1=Abhishek |title=Explained: Why Assam, Northeast are angry |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/assam-protests-citizenship-amendment-bill-nrc-northeast-bandh-5543785/ |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 January 2019}}</ref>{{efn|According to the Indian [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] figures given to the Joint Parliamentary Committee, 31,313 people were granted long-term visas using the criteria mentioned in the Act. They included 25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, 2 Buddhists and 2 Parsis. They were expected to be the immediate beneficiaries of the Act.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/how-many-immigrants-will-benefit-from-citizenship-act-25447-hindus-5807-sikhs-55-christians-two-buddhists-and-two-parsis-says-intelligence-bureau-7784581.html |title=How many immigrants will benefit from Citizenship Act? 25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, two Buddhists and two Parsis, says Intelligence Bureau |newspaper=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/citizenship-amendment-bill-decoded-what-it-holds-for-india/articleshow/72466056.cms |title=Citizenship Amendment Act decoded: What it holds for India |last1=Tripathi |first1=Rahul |date=17 December 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref name=IB>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/intelligence-bureau-to-tap-raw-to-verify-citizenship-claims/cid/1681204 Intelligence Bureau to tap RAW to verify citizenship claims] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112170259/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/north-east/intelligence-bureau-to-tap-raw-to-verify-citizenship-claims/cid/1681204 |date=12 January 2020 }}, The Telegraph, 9 January 2019.</ref>}}

The amendment was considered controversial with allegations of [[Religious discrimination|discrimination based on religion]], particularly for the exclusion of Muslims, from the neighbouring countries.<ref name="CNNExcludes" /><ref name="NPRExcludes">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/11/787220640/india-passes-controversial-citizenship-bill-that-would-exclude-muslims |title=India Passes Controversial Citizenship Bill That Would Exclude Muslims |publisher=NPR |first1=Sam |last1=Gringlas}}</ref> Critics expressed concerns that the bill may be used, along with the [[National Register of Citizens]] (NRC), to render many Muslim citizens [[statelessness|stateless]], as they may be unable to meet stringent birth or identity proof requirements.<ref name="WPCitizenship">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/13/indias-new-law-may-leave-millions-muslims-without-citizenship/ |title=India's new law may leave millions of Muslims without citizenship |last1=Chaudhry |first1=Suparna |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=13 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="IE Explained NRC+CAA"/> Commentators also question the exclusion of persecuted religious minorities from other regions such as [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Myanmar]].<ref name="WPCitizenship"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gettleman |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Raj |first2=Suhasini |title=Indian Parliament Passes Divisive Citizenship Bill, Moving It Closer to Law |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/world/asia/india-muslims-citizenship-narendra-modi.html |access-date=18 December 2019 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=11 December 2019}}</ref> The Indian government said that since Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh have Islam as their state religion, it is therefore "unlikely" that Muslims would "face religious persecution" there.<ref name="ITEndorsement">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/citizenship-amendment-bill-has-public-endorsement-was-part-of-manifesto-amit-shah-1626765-2019-12-09 |title=Citizenship Amendment Bill has public endorsement, was part of manifesto: Amit Shah |last1=Kaur Sandhu |first1=Kamaljit |date=9 December 2019 |first2=Mausami |last2=Singh |newspaper=India Today |quote=The Citizenship Amendment Bill ... was required to give protection to people who are forced to live in pathetic human condition while rejecting the argument that a Muslim may suffer religious persecution in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan saying that a Muslim is unlikely to face religious persecution in an Islamic country}}</ref><ref name="BBCClaim">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50720273 |title=Is India's claim about minorities true? |date=12 December 2019 |quote=[The Indian government states:] 'The constitutions of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh provide for a specific state religion. As a result, many persons belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian communities have faced persecution on grounds of religion in those countries.{{'-}}}}</ref> However, certain Muslim groups, such as [[Hazaras]] (mostly [[Shia Islam|Shias]]) and [[Ahmadis]], have historically [[Sectarian violence among Muslims|faced persecution]] in these countries.<ref name="economist"/><ref name="NYTLaw">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/12/13/world/asia/13reuters-india-citizenship-explainer.html |title=What Does India's New Citizenship Law Mean? |date=13 December 2019 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219003915/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/12/13/world/asia/13reuters-india-citizenship-explainer.html |archive-date=19 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50720273 |title=Is India's claim about minorities true? |date=12 December 2019}}</ref>

The passage of the legislation caused [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|large-scale protests]] in India.<ref name="Sigal Samuel">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/12/21010975/india-muslim-citizenship-bill-national-register |title=India just redefined its citizenship criteria to exclude Muslims |last1=Samuel |first1=Sigal |date=12 December 2019 |newspaper=Vox}}</ref> [[Assam]] and other [[Northeast India|northeastern states]] witnessed violent demonstrations against the bill over fears that granting Indian citizenship to refugees and immigrants will cause a loss of their "political rights, culture and land rights" and motivate further migration from Bangladesh.<ref name="iexpressassam">{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/assam-protests-citizenship-amendment-bill-nrc-northeast-bandh-5543785/ |title=Explained: Why Assam, Northeast are angry |last1=Saha |first1=Abhishek |date=20 January 2019 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="ndtvassam"/><ref name="CBCControversial">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/india-citizenship-law-protests-1.5397915 |title=Why India's controversial citizenship law has sparked violent protests |last1=Gollom |first1=Mark |date=17 December 2019 |publisher=CBC News}}</ref> In other parts of India, protesters said that the bill discriminated against Muslims, and demanded that Indian citizenship be granted to Muslim refugees and immigrants as well.<ref name="wsjdelhi">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/india-protests-against-new-law-spread-to-muslim-area-of-capital-11576596978 |title=India Citizenship Protests Spread to Muslim Area of Capital |last1=Pokharel |first1=Krishna |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223181402/https://www.wsj.com/articles/india-protests-against-new-law-spread-to-muslim-area-of-capital-11576596978|archive-date=23 December 2019}}</ref> Major protests against the Act were held at some universities in India. Students at [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] alleged [[police brutality|brutal suppression by the police]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/17/india-protests-students-condemn-barbaric-police |title=India protests: students condemn 'barbaric' police |last1=Ellis-Petersen |first1=Hannah |date=17 December 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The protests have led to the deaths of several protesters, injuries to both protesters and police officers, damage to public and private property, the detention of hundreds of people, and suspensions of local internet mobile phone connectivity in certain areas.<ref name="IT arrests">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/anti-citizenship-amendment-bill-assam-protest-1627464-2019-12-11 |title=1,000 detained as anti-Citizenship Amendment Bill protests intensify in Assam |last=Nath |first=Hemanta Kumar |date=12 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/violent-protests-citizenship-amendment-act-caa-section-144-crpc-1629779-2019-12-19 |title=Violent protests against Citizenship Amendment Act: Who will pay for damages? |first1=Prabhash |last1=Dutta |date=19 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today}}</ref> Some states announced that they would not implement the Act. In response, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Central Home Ministry]] said that states lack the legal power to stop the implementation of the CAA.<ref name="OutlookMP19Dec"/>

On 11 March 2024, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] officially announced the rules for the Citizenship Amendment Act, following Home Minister Amit Shah's announcement to notify them before the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 national elections]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/centre-notifies-caa-rules-today-sources-12439341.html |title=Centre notifies CAA rules ahead of Lok Sabha elections |author= |newspaper=Moneycontrol |date=11 March 2024 |access-date= 11 March 2024}}</ref> Subsequently, on May 15, 2024, the first set of 14 migrants received "Indian citizenship" certificates under the CAA in Delhi, initiating the process of granting nationality to migrant applicants, nearly two months after the notification of CAA rules.<ref name=NDTV15May>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/14-people-given-citizenship-certificates-for-the-first-time-under-caa-5669064 |title=14 People Given Citizenship Certificates For The First Time Under CAA |newspaper=NDTV |date=15 May 2024 |access-date= 15 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=IT15May>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/14-people-get-citizenship-certificates-under-citizenship-amendment-act-for-first-time-2539492-2024-05-15 |title=First citizenship certificates handed out to 14 people under CAA |newspaper=India Today |date=15 May 2024 |access-date= 15 May 2024}}</ref> On the same day, over 350 migrants received Indian nationality digitally, under CAA, in other parts of the country.<ref name=ET15May>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/more-than-350-people-become-indian-nationals-under-caa/articleshow/110157195.cms |title=More than 350 people become Indian nationals under CAA |newspaper=Economic Times |date=15 May 2024 |access-date= 15 May 2024}}</ref> After getting Indian citizenship, many Hindu [[refugee]]s from Pakistan expressed hope for a better future in India.<ref name=TH16May>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/pakistani-refugees-hail-citizenship-rights/article68180038.ece |title=Pakistani refugees hail citizenship rights |newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 May 2024 |access-date= 16 May 2024| quote="The granting of citizenship to over 300 people by the Centre under the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA), 2019, has ignited the hope of a better future among Pakistani Hindu refugees living in north Delhi's Majnu ka Tila."}}</ref><ref name=IE16May>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/day-one-of-new-life-family-celebrates-as-5-members-get-papers-9331872/ |title=Day one of new life': Family celebrates as 5 members get papers. |newspaper=Indian Express |date=16 May 2024 |access-date= 16 May 2024 |quote="Celebrations erupted at the house of Madho Bhai Thakur at Delhi's Adarsh Nagar camp on Wednesday as his daughter, two of his sons, and their wives received the Indian citizenship certificates."}}</ref>

==Background==
===Citizenship law===
The [[Indian Constitution]] implemented in 1950 guaranteed citizenship to all of the country's residents at the commencement of the constitution, and made no distinction on the basis of religion.<ref name="Jaffrelot 2019">{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first1=Angana P. |editor-last1=Chatterji |editor-first2=Thomas Blom |editor-last2=Hansen |editor-first3=Christophe |editor-last3=Jaffrelot |encyclopedia=Majoritarian State: How Hindu Nationalism Is Changing India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcObDwAAQBAJ |date=August 2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-007817-1 |title=A De Facto Ethnic Democracy |first1=Christophe |last1=Jaffrelot |pages=41–67 |access-date=16 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217100431/https://books.google.com/books?id=zcObDwAAQBAJ |archive-date=17 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=EPWengage/>{{sfn |Roy |2010 |pp=33–34}} In 1955, the Indian government passed the [[Indian nationality law|Citizenship Act]], by which all people born in India subject to some limitations were accorded citizenship. The Act also provided two means for foreigners to acquire Indian citizenship. People from "undivided India"{{efn|The Act defines "undivided India" as "India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935, as originally enacted".{{sfnp|Universal's The Citizenship Act, 1955|2004|p=13, item 2(1)(h)}} It included, in addition to India, the present day Pakistan and Bangladesh.}} were given a means of registration after seven years of residency in India. Those from other countries were given a means of naturalisation after twelve years of residency in India.{{sfn|Roy|2010|pp=37–38}}<ref>{{harvp|Universal's The Citizenship Act, 1955|2004}}: See p. 15, clause 5 for "seven years"; see p. 27, The Third Schedule for "eleven years" followed by "twelve months".</ref> Political developments in the 1980s, particularly those related to the violent [[Assam movement]] against migrants from Bangladesh, triggered revisions to the Citizenship Act.<ref name=jayal2019>Niraja Gopal Jayal (2019), ''Reconfiguring Citizenship in Contemporary India'', Journal of South Asian Studies, 42(1), pp. 34–36 (context: 33–50), {{doi|10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874}}, '''Quote:''' "From the 1980s onwards, the legal and constitutional conception of the Indian citizen started to undergo a subtle transformation, through amendments to the Citizenship Act, in response to political developments. The latest in a series of such amendments is the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, introduced in parliament in July 2016 and passed in the lower house of India's parliament in January 2019. [...] The present amendment consolidates a trend that began with the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 1985, which amended the provisions pertaining to naturalisation. This gave legal expression to the Assam Accord between the Rajiv Gandhi government and the Assamese students' organisations that had led the agitation against the enfranchisement of migrants from Bangladesh in Assam. [...] The 1985 amendment to the Citizenship Act that followed the Accord introduced a new section titled 'Special Provisions as to Citizenship of Persons Covered by the Assam Accord'. Seeking to allay anxieties about migrants who had come in from Bangladesh [...]"</ref><ref name=Pisharoty2019a>{{cite book |author=Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty |title=Assam: The Accord, The Discord |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=F46nDwAAQBAJ |year= 2019 |publisher= Penguin |isbn=978-93-5305-622-3 |pages=1–14, Chapters: Introduction, 2, 9, 10}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{harvp|Sharma|2019|p=522}}</ref> The Act was first amended in 1985 after the [[Assam Accord]] signed by [[Rajiv Gandhi]] government, granting citizenship to all Bangladeshi migrants that arrived before 1971 subject to some provisos. The government also agreed to identify all migrants that arrived afterwards, remove their names from the electoral rolls, and expel them from the country.<ref name=jayal2019b/><ref name=poddar2018>Mihika Poddar (2018), ''The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016: international law on religion-based discrimination and naturalisation law'', Indian Law Review, 2(1), 108–118, {{doi |10.1080/24730580.2018.1512290}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref name=hazarika2019>{{citation |first1=Sanjoy |last1=Hazarika |date=13 December 2019 |title=Assam and the CAB |newspaper=CNBC–TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/views/assam-and-the-cab-go-beyond-damage-control-listen-to-the-people-4865901.htm }}: "In the 1980s, the Congress Party faced the brunt of the 'anti-foreigner' movement with confrontation and violence erupting in the state till a 1985 accord with the government of then prime minister Rajiv Gandhi appeared to assuage the situation. Foreign nationals would be detected and expelled as per provisions of law after 1971, it said, and the people of the state would be provided preferential treatment and constitutional safeguards to protect their identity."</ref>

The Citizenship Act was further amended in 1992, 2003, 2005 and 2015. In December 2003, the [[National Democratic Alliance]] government, led by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), passed the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003]] with far-reaching revisions of the Citizenship Act. It added the notion of "illegal immigrants" to the Act, making them ineligible to apply for citizenship (by registration or naturalisation), and declaring their children also as illegal immigrants.{{sfn|Roy|2010|p=138}}{{sfnp|Universal's The Citizenship Act, 1955|2004|p=2}} Illegal immigrants were defined as citizens of other countries who entered India without valid travel documents, or who remained in the country beyond the period permitted by their travel documents.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sinharay |first=Praskanva |date=2019-03-04 |title=To Be a Hindu Citizen: Politics of Dalit Migrants in Contemporary West Bengal |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2019.1581696 |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=359–374 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2019.1581696 |s2cid=150566285 |issn=0085-6401|url-access=subscription }}</ref> They can be deported or imprisoned.<ref name="BBC: law explained">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-50670393 |title=Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new 'anti-Muslim' law explained |date=11 December 2019 |newspaper=BBC News}}</ref>

The 2003 amendment also mandated the Government of India to create and maintain a [[National Register of Citizens]]. The bill was supported by the [[Indian National Congress]], as well as the Left parties, such as the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI (M)).<ref name="Rajya Sabha 2003">[https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/dual-citizenship-bill-passed-in-rajya-sabha/article27816495.ece Dual Citizenship Bill passed in Rajya Sabha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228192910/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/dual-citizenship-bill-passed-in-rajya-sabha/article27816495.ece |date=28 December 2019 }}, The Hindu, 19 December 2003.</ref><ref name="Lok Sabha 2003">Neena Vyas, Anita Joshua, [https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/dual-citizenship-bill-passed/article27817270.ece Dual citizenship Bill passed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228200712/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/dual-citizenship-bill-passed/article27817270.ece |date=28 December 2019 }}, The Hindu, 23 December 2003.</ref>{{efn|In 2012, the then CPI(M) general secretary Prakash Karat had written to Manmohan Singh, who was prime minister at the time, reminding him of his 2003 statement and urging him to make a suitable amendment in policy to allow "minority community refugees" easy citizenship.<ref>[https://thewire.in/politics/by-listing-religions-modis-caa-broke-atal-manmohan-left-concord-on-persecuted-minorities By Listing Religions, Modi's CAA Broke Atal-Manmohan-Left Concord on Persecuted Minorities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229211546/https://thewire.in/politics/by-listing-religions-modis-caa-broke-atal-manmohan-left-concord-on-persecuted-minorities |date=29 December 2019 }}, The Wire, 29 December 2019.</ref>}} During the parliamentary debate on the amendment, the leader of opposition, [[Manmohan Singh]], stated that refugees belonging to minority communities in Bangladesh and other countries had faced persecution, and requested a liberal approach to granting them citizenship.<ref>[https://rsdebate.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/78358/2/ID_200_18122003_13_p381_p389_19.pdf Parliamentary Debates Official Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828102335/https://rsdebate.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/78358/2/ID_200_18122003_13_p381_p389_19.pdf |date=28 August 2022 }}, Volume 200, Number 13, Rajya Sabha Secretariat, Government of India, 18 December 2003, page 383, Quote: "After the partition of our country, the minorities in countries like Bangladesh, have faced persecution, and it is our moral obligation that if circumstances force people, these unfortunate people, to seek refuge in our country, our approach to granting citizenship to these unfortunate persons should be more liberal. I sincerely hope that the hon. Deputy Prime Minister will bear this in mind in charting out the future course of action with regard to the Citizenship Act."</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-digs-up-Manmohan-speech-seeking-citizenship-for-persecuted-refugees/articleshow/72894010.cms BJP digs up Manmohan speech seeking citizenship for persecuted refugees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220200535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-digs-up-manmohan-speech-seeking-citizenship-for-persecuted-refugees/articleshow/72894010.cms |date=20 December 2019 }}, The Times of India, 20 December 2019; [https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-tale-of-two-demands/article30351525.ece A tale of two demands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105192308/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-tale-of-two-demands/article30351525.ece |date=5 January 2020 }}, The Hindu (10 December 2019); [https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/columnists/historical-promises-historical-promises.html Historical Promises] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226131043/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/columnists/historical-promises-historical-promises.html |date=26 December 2019 }}, The Pioneer (24 December 2019)</ref><ref name="concord">M. K. Venu, [https://thewire.in/politics/by-listing-religions-modis-caa-broke-atal-manmohan-left-concord-on-persecuted-minorities By Listing Religions, Modi's CAA Broke Atal-Manmohan-Left Concord on Persecuted Minorities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229211546/https://thewire.in/politics/by-listing-religions-modis-caa-broke-atal-manmohan-left-concord-on-persecuted-minorities |date=29 December 2019 }}, The Wire, 29 December 2019.</ref> According to M.K. Venu, the formulation of the 2003 amendment discussed by Advani and Singh was based on the idea that Muslim groups in Pakistan and Afghanistan that had experienced persecution also needed to be treated with compassion.<ref name="concord" />

===Immigrants and refugees===
A very large number of illegal immigrants, the largest numbers of whom are from Bangladesh, live in India. The Task Force on Border Management quoted the figure of 15 million illegal migrants in 2001. In 2004, the [[United Progressive Alliance]] (UPA) government stated in Parliament that there were 12 million illegal Bangladeshi migrants in India.<ref>
{{citation |first1=Pushpita |last1=Das |title=Illegal Migration From Bangladesh: Deportation, Border Fences and Work Permits |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-82169-69-7 |url=https://idsa.in/system/files/monograph/monograph56.pdf |pages=26–27 }}
</ref> The reasons for the scale of migration include a porous border, historical migration patterns, economic reasons, and cultural and linguistic ties.{{sfn|Ranjan|2019|p=4}} Many illegal migrants from Bangladesh had eventually received the right to vote. According to Niraja Jayal, this enfranchisement was widely described as an attempt to win elections using the votes of the illegal migrants from Bangladesh.<ref name=jayal2019b>
Niraja Gopal Jayal (2019), ''Reconfiguring Citizenship in Contemporary India'', Journal of South Asian Studies, 42(1), pp. 34–36 (context: 33–50), {{doi|10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874}}, '''Quote:''' "The Accord was entered into in 1985, after the agitation led to the Nellie massacre during the election of 1983. The enfranchisement of the migrants was widely attributed to the Congress. The common perception was that all Bangladeshi immigrants were Muslims, and the Congress Party was seen as the prime beneficiary of their votes. The Accord put in place measures for the detection of foreigners and their deletion from the state's electoral rolls. [...] "As Kamal Sadiq's book showed, 'illegal' migrants were more likely to be in possession of 'documentary citizenship'—papers like ration cards and voter cards—certifying their citizenship, while natives and their descendants might well have no documentation at all"
</ref><ref name="Shamshad2017p100">
{{cite book |first=Rizwana |last=Shamshad |title=Bangladeshi Migrants in India: Foreigners, Refugees, or Infiltrators? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9789DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99 |year=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-909159-1 |pages=99–100}}, '''Quote:''' "The electoral rolls prepared for the election found that the number of voters had increased significantly. There were complaints against the sudden inclusion of 70,000 foreigners in the voter list."
</ref>
Bangladeshi scholar Abul Barkat estimated that over 11 million Hindus have left Bangladesh for India between 1964 and 2013, at a rate of 230,612 annually.<ref>
{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/No-Hindus-will-be-left-in-Bangladesh-after-30-years-professor/article16675228.ece|title=No Hindus will be left in Bangladesh after 30 years: professor|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 November 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}
</ref><ref name=Barkat>[https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/11/20/abul-barkat-632-hindus-left-country-day ‘No Hindus will be left after 30 years’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202200810/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/11/20/abul-barkat-632-hindus-left-country-day |date=2 February 2021 }}, Dhaka Tribune, 20 November 2016.</ref> The reasons were religious persecution and discrimination, especially at the hands of the post-independence military regimes.<ref name=Barkat/><ref>Himadri Chatterjee, [https://thewire.in/rights/scheduled-caste-refugees-bengal-caa-protest Why Scheduled Caste Refugees of Bengal Are Resisting CAA and NRC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101163037/https://thewire.in/rights/scheduled-caste-refugees-bengal-caa-protest |date=1 January 2020 }}, The Wire, 31 December 2019.</ref><ref>
{{harvp|Gillan|2007|p=85}}: Quoting Ranabir Sammadar: "Not only are the Muslim peasants depeasantized, pauperized and lumpenized on their arrival in India, the Hindu peasantry of Bangladesh is cynically and most systematically robbed of land on communal considerations in the villages of Bangladesh and the peasants are thus forced to flee."
</ref> An unknown number of Pakistani Hindu refugees also live in India. An estimated 5,000 refugees arrive per year, citing religious persecution and forced conversion.<ref>{{citation |last1=Jaffrelot |first1=Christophe |title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XdeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT332 |year=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-061330-3 |pages=331–333}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-34645370 Why Pakistani Hindus leave their homes for India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205051707/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-34645370 |date=5 December 2019 }}, BBC News, 28 October 2015.</ref><ref>Shreyasee Raj, [https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/safe-but-betrayed-pakistani-hindu-refugees-in-india/ Safe But Betrayed: Pakistani Hindu Refugees in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531052659/https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/safe-but-betrayed-pakistani-hindu-refugees-in-india/ |date=31 May 2019 }}, The Diplomat, 22 January 2019.</ref>

India is not a signatory to either the [[1951 UN Refugee Convention]] or the [[Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees|1967 Protocol]].{{sfn|Sarker|2017|pp=21–22}}<ref>{{cite book |author=US Department of State |title=World Refugee Report |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_jAbSIBNQEC |year=1991 |publisher=The Bureau for Refugee Programs, US Government |pages=42–43}}</ref> It does not have a national policy on refugees. All refugees are classed as "illegal migrants". While India has been willing to host refugees, its traditional position formulated by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] is that such refugees must return to their home countries after the situation returns to normal.<ref name="Fair Observer">{{cite news |url=https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/refugees-rights-india-south-asian-world-news-headlines-97021/ |title=The Status of Refugees in India |last1=Ahmad |first1=Nafees |date=12 September 2017 |newspaper=Fair Observer}}</ref><ref name="without bias">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/Citizenship-without-bias/article14587201.ece |title=Citizenship without bias |last1=Suryanarayan |first1=V. |date=25 August 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |last2=Ramaseshan |first2=Geeta |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> According to the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, India hosts refugees in excess of 456,000,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/a-question-of-fair-play-169995.html |title=A question of fair play |date=10 October 2016 |newspaper=The Statesman |access-date=22 December 2019 |archive-date=22 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222222021/https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/a-question-of-fair-play-169995.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> with about 200,000 from "non-neighbouring" countries hosted via the [[UNHCR]].<ref name="Fair Observer"/><ref>[https://www.unhcr.org/4cd96e919.pdf India] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219200447/https://www.unhcr.org/4cd96e919.pdf |date=19 December 2019 }}, UNHCR Global Appeal, 2011.</ref>{{efn |Indian government statistics in 2014 show 289,394 "stateless persons" in India. The majority were from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (about 100,000 each), followed by those from Tibet, Myanmar, Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref name="IE explained"/>}} According to Shuvro Sarker, since the 1950s and particularly since the 1990s, the Indian governments under various political parties have studied and drafted laws for the naturalisation of refugees and asylum seekers. These drafts have struggled with issues relating to a mass influx of refugees, urban planning, cost of basic services, the obligations to protected tribes, and the impact on pre-existing regional poverty levels within India.{{sfn|Sarker|2017|pp=55–67, 192–198}}

===Bharatiya Janata Party activities===
The "detection, deletion and deportation" of illegal migrants has been on the agenda of the BJP since 1996.{{sfn|Gupta|2019|pp=2–3}} In the [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016 assembly elections]] for the border state of [[Assam]], the BJP leaders campaigned in the state promising voters that they would rid Assam of the Bangladeshis. Simultaneously, they also promised to protect Hindus who had fled religious persecution in Bangladesh.{{sfn|Roy|2019|p=28}} According to commentators, in the context of an effort to identify and deport illegal immigrants, the proposal to grant citizenship took a new meaning. Illegal migrants could be granted citizenship if they were non-Muslim, on the grounds that they were refugees; only Muslims would be deported.<ref name=EPWengage>{{citation |first1=Apurva |last1=Thakur |title=Why the Citizenship Amendment Bill Goes Against the Basic Tenets of the Constitution |url=https://www.epw.in/engage/article/why-the-citizenship-amendment-goes-against-the-basic-tenets-of-the-constitution |newspaper=EPW Engage |volume=53 |pages=7–8 |number=13 |date=31 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218185235/https://www.epw.in/engage/article/why-the-citizenship-amendment-goes-against-the-basic-tenets-of-the-constitution |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref>

In its manifesto for the [[2014 Indian general election]], the BJP promised to provide a "natural home" for persecuted Hindu refugees.<ref name="natural home">{{Cite news |title=BJP offer of 'natural home' for Hindu refugees triggers debate |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=9 April 2014 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bjp-offer-of-natural-home-for-hindu-refugees-triggers-debate/story-aU5sVqOSrWCpcIE29qMKXJ.html }}</ref> The year before the 2016 elections in Assam, the government legalised refugees belonging to religious minorities from Pakistan and Bangladesh, granting them long-term visas. Bangladeshi and Pakistani nationals belonging to "minority communities" were exempted from the requirements of the ''Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920'' and the ''Foreigners Act, 1946''.<ref>[https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=126688 Exemptions to minority community nationals from Bangladesh and Pakistan in regularization of their entry and stay in India] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216162545/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D126688 |date=16 December 2019 }}, Ministry of Home Affairs, 7 September 2015.</ref> Specifically mentioned were "Hindus, Sikhs, Christians, Jains, Parsis and Buddhists," who had been "compelled to seek shelter in India due to religious persecution or fear of religious persecution". Eligibility for the exemption was made contingent on a migrant having arrived in India by 31 December 2014.<ref name="Gazette 553"/>

The BJP government introduced a bill to amend the citizenship law in 2016, which would have made non-Muslim migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh eligible for Indian citizenship.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha passes Citizenship Bill amid protests, seeks to give citizenship to non-Muslims from 3 countries |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/citizenship-amendment-bill-passed-lok-sabha-assam-protests-1426345-2019-01-08 |newspaper=India Today |access-date=26 January 2019 }}</ref><ref name="PRS highlights">{{Cite web |url=https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/citizenship-amendment-bill-2019 |title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019. Highlights, Issues and Summary |date=9 December 2019 |website=PRS Legislative Research }}</ref> The bill stalled in parliament following widespread political opposition and protests in [[northeast India]]. Opponents of the bill in Assam and the northeastern states of India stated that any migration from [[Bangladesh]] "irrespective of religion" would cause "loss of political rights and culture of the indigenous people".<ref name="PRS highlights"/><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |title=Explained: Why Assam, Northeast are angry |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/assam-protests-citizenship-amendment-bill-nrc-northeast-bandh-5543785/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=14 February 2019 |date=20 January 2019 }}</ref> According to Niraja Jayal, while the BJP had promised to grant Indian citizenship to all Hindu migrants from Bangladesh in its election campaigns during the 2010s, the draft Amendment bill angered many in Assam, including its own political allies because they viewed the amendment as a violation of the Assam Accord.{{sfn|Jayal|2019}} That accord promised to identify and deport all illegal Bangladeshi migrants who entered the state after 1971, "regardless of their religious identity".{{sfn|Jayal|2019}} In 2018, as the draft of this Amendment was being discussed, numerous Assamese organisations petitioned and agitated against it. They fear that the Amendment will encourage more migration and diminish employment opportunities to the native residents in the state.{{sfn|Jayal|2019}}

In parallel to the drafting of an amendment to the 1955 Citizenship Act, the BJP government completed an effort to update the [[National Register of Citizens for Assam|National Register of Citizens (NRC)]] in the state of [[Assam]]. The process for creating the NRC had been put in place by the Citizenship rules enacted in 2003, and had been implemented in Assam under Supreme Court supervision as a result of a 2014 Supreme Court ruling.{{sfn|Roy|2019|p=29}} This was mandated under prior peace agreements in northeast, and the [[Assam Accord]] in particular.<ref>[https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/IN_850815_Assam%20Accord.pdf Accord between AASU, AAGSP and the Central Government on the Foreign National Issue] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221165354/https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/IN_850815_Assam%20Accord.pdf |date=21 December 2019 }}, Assam Accord, United Nations Archives (15 August 1985)</ref>{{sfn|Gupta|2019}} The updated register was made public in August 2019; approximately 1.9 million residents were not on the list, and were in danger of losing their citizenship.<ref name="HTPackage">{{Cite web |author=Chanakya |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/the-cab-nrc-package-is-flawed-and-dangerous/story-mHB05zOPf20vlcnSydvQdI.html |title=The CAB-NRC package is flawed and dangerous |date=7 December 2019 |newspaper=Hindustan Times }}</ref> Many of those affected were Bengali Hindus, who constitute a major voter base for the BJP; according to commentators, the BJP withdrew its support for the Assam NRC towards its end for this reason.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-49520593 Assam NRC: What next for 1.9 million 'stateless' Indians?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108214051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-49520593 |date=8 January 2020 }}, BBC News, 31 August 2019.</ref><ref name="BBC2">{{cite news |title=Citizenship Amendment Bill: 'Anti-Muslim' law challenged in India court |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50739593 |access-date=16 December 2019 |newspaper=BBC |date=12 December 2019 }}</ref>{{efn|The excluded people of the Assam NRC were 0.5 million Bengali Hindus and 0.7 million Muslims, with the remainder made up of local people and Hindus from north India.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/five-lakh-bengali-hindu-nrc-rejects-will-get-citizenship/articleshow/72465093.cms ‘Five lakh Bengali Hindu NRC rejects will get citizenship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212142901/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/five-lakh-bengali-hindu-nrc-rejects-will-get-citizenship/articleshow/72465093.cms |date=12 December 2019 }}, ''The Times of India'', 11 December 2019.</ref><ref>Sanjoy Hazarika, [https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/current-issues/article29724344.ece Assam's Tangled Web of Citizenship and the Importance of a Consensus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221012325/https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/current-issues/article29724344.ece |date=21 December 2019 }}, The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, 18 October 2019.</ref>}} On 19 November 2019, [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] [[Amit Shah]], declared in the Rajya Sabha (the Upper House of the Indian parliament) that the [[National Register of Citizens]] would be implemented throughout the country.<ref name="Shah NRC IT">{{cite news |title=Amit Shah: NRC to apply nationwide, no person of any religion should worry |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amit-shah-nrc-rajya-sabha-1620810-2019-11-20 |access-date=22 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today |date=20 November 2019 }}</ref>

==Legislative history==
The BJP government first introduced a bill to amend the citizenship law in 2016, which would have made non-Muslim migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh eligible for Indian citizenship.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name="PRS highlights" /> Although this bill was passed by the [[Lok Sabha]], or lower house of Indian parliament, it stalled in the [[Rajya Sabha]], following widespread political opposition and protests in [[northeast India]].<ref name="PRS highlights"/><ref name=autogenerated1 />

The BJP reiterated its commitment to amend the citizenship act in its 2019 election campaign. It stated that religious minorities such as Hindus and Sikhs are persecuted in neighbouring Muslim-majority countries, and promised to fast track a path to citizenship for non-Muslim refugees.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/bjp-top-promises-1496617-2019-04-08 BJP manifesto 2019: Top 10 promises for next 5 years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102114010/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/bjp-top-promises-1496617-2019-04-08 |date=2 November 2019 }}, India Today (18 April 2019), Quote: "We are committed to the enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Bill for the protection of individuals of religious minority communities from neighbouring countries escaping persecution. [...] We reiterate our commitment to protect the linguistic, cultural and social identity of the people of Northeast. Hindus, Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs escaping persecution from India's neighbouring countries will be given citizenship in India."</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-government-considers-a-muslim-ban-11555629051 India’s Government Considers a ‘Muslim Ban’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223114746/https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-government-considers-a-muslim-ban-11555629051 |date=23 December 2019 }}, The Wall Street Journal, Sadanand Dhume (18 April 2019)</ref> After the elections, the BJP government drafted a bill that addressed the concerns of its northeastern states. It excluded Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya and Manipur, except for non-tribal cities exempted under pre-existing regulations. It also excluded tribal areas of Assam.<ref name="ToIILP" /> The Indian government, while proposing an Amendment, said, that its bill aims to grant quicker access to citizenship to those who have fled religious persecution in neighbouring countries and have taken refuge in India.<ref name="BBCClaim"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2019/12/12/indias-new-citizenship-law-outrages-muslims |title=India's new citizenship law outrages Muslims |date=12 December 2019 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613 |quote=When Amit Shah, India's home minister, proposed his bill in parliament on December 9th, he framed it as an act of mercy. Henceforth, he promised, people who have fled persecution in neighbouring countries and taken refuge in India would be granted quicker access to citizenship. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223000520/https://www.economist.com/asia/2019/12/12/indias-new-citizenship-law-outrages-muslims |archive-date=23 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="CNNExcludes">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/11/asia/india-citizenship-amendment-bill-intl-hnk/index.html |title=India passes controversial citizenship bill that excludes Muslims |first1=Helen |last1=Regan |first2=Swati |last2=Gupta |first3=Omar |last3=Khan |publisher=CNN |quote=The government, ruled by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), said the bill seeks to protect religious minorities who fled persecution in their home countries.}}</ref>

The Bill was introduced in [[Lok Sabha]] on 19 July 2016 as the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016. It was referred to the [[Joint parliamentary committee]] on 12 August 2016. The Committee submitted its report on 7 January 2019 to Parliament. The Bill was taken into consideration and passed by Lok Sabha on 8 January 2019. It was pending for consideration and passing by the [[Rajya Sabha]]. Consequent to [[Dissolution of parliament|dissolution]] of [[16th Lok Sabha]], this Bill has lapsed.<ref name="IECABDead">{{cite news |title=Explained: Why the Citizenship Amendment Bill is dead, for now |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-the-citizenship-amendment-bill-is-dead-for-now-5582573/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=14 February 2019 |date=13 February 2019 }}</ref>

After the formation of [[17th Lok Sabha]], the [[Union Council of Ministers|Central Cabinet]] cleared the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019, on 4 December 2019 for introduction in the parliament.<ref name="PRS highlights" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Controversial Citizenship (Amendment) Bill to Be Tabled in Lok Sabha on Monday |url=https://thewire.in/government/citizenship-amendment-bill-to-be-tabled-in-lok-sabha-on-monday |newspaper=The Wire |access-date=8 December 2019 }}</ref> The Bill was introduced in 17th Lok Sabha by the Minister of Home Affairs [[Amit Shah]] on 9 December 2019 and was passed on the midnight of 10 December 2019 despite attempts by the opposition to [[filibuster]] the bill,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://liveupdates.hindustantimes.com/india/parliament-winter-session-live-updates-citizenship-amendment-bill-in-lok-sabha-21575867624874.html |title=Citizenship Bill gets Lok Sabha nod, Rajya Sabha test next |date=9 December 2019 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] }}</ref> with 311 MPs voting in favour and 80 against it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/will-citizenship-bill-pass-in-rajya-sabha-1626919-2019-12-10 |title=Citizenship Bill has smooth sail in Lok Sabha, will Amit Shah clear Rajya Sabha test? |date=10 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/citizenship-amendment-bill-federal-us-commission-seeks-sanctions-against-home-minister-amit-shah/articleshow/72449798.cms |title=Citizenship (Amendment) Bill: Federal US commission seeks sanctions against home minister Amit Shah |date=10 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/amit-shah-to-table-citizenship-amendment-bill-in-lok-sabha-today-11575855950416.html |title=Amit Shah to table Citizenship Amendment Bill in Lok Sabha today |last1=Das |first1=Shaswati |date=9 December 2019 |newspaper=Livemint }}</ref>

The bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 11 December 2019 with 125 votes in favour and 105 votes against it.<ref name="HinduRSClears">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parliament-clears-citizenship-amendment-bill/article30279517.ece |title=After a heated debate, Rajya Sabha clears Citizenship (Amendment) Bill |last1=Nath |first1=Damini |date=11 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |last2=Singh |first2=Vijaita |issn=0971-751X }}</ref><ref name="ToISetLaw">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cab-set-to-be-law-as-rs-passes-it-125-99-indefinite-curfew-and-army-in-guwahati/articleshow/72481979.cms |title=CAB set to be law as RS passes it 125–105, indefinite curfew and Army in Guwahati |date=12 December 2019 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> The parties that voted in favour in spite of not being in the [[National Democratic Alliance|ruling coalition]] included [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]], [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]], [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] and [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]].<ref name="HinduRSClears" /><ref name="ToISetLaw" />

After receiving assent from the President of India on 12 December 2019, the bill assumed the status of an act.<ref name="assent">{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/citizenship-amendment-bill-gets-presidents-assent-becomes-act/articleshow/72498176.cms |title=Citizenship (Amendment) Bill gets President's assent, becomes act |date=13 December 2019 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] }}</ref> The act came into force on 10 January 2020.<ref name="S.O. 172(E)"/><ref name="GazetteCAA12Dec">{{Cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/214646.pdf |title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 |date=12 December 2019 |website=[[The Gazette of India]] }}</ref> The implementation of the CAA began on 20 December 2019, when Central Minister [[Mansukh Mandaviya]] gave citizenship certificates to seven refugees from Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Union Minister gives citizenship papers to Pak refugees |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/union-minister-gives-citizenship-papers-to-pak-refugees/1691133 |access-date=21 December 2019 |date=21 December 2019 }}</ref>

==The Amendments==
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act of 2019 amended the [[Indian nationality law|Citizenship Act, 1955]], by inserting the following provisos in section 2, sub-section (1), after clause (b):<ref name="GazetteCAA12Dec"/>
{{blockquote|Provided that any person belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian community from Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan, who entered into India on or before the 31st day of December, 2014 and who has been exempted by the Central Government by or under clause (c) of sub-section (2) of section 3 of the Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920 or from the application of the provisions of the Foreigners Act, 1946 or any rule or order made thereunder, shall not be treated as illegal migrant for the purposes of this Act;<ref name="GazetteCAA12Dec"/>}}
A new section 6B was inserted (in the section concerning ''naturalisation''), with four clauses, the first of which stated:
{{blockquote|(1) The Central Government or an authority specified by it in this behalf may, subject to such conditions, restrictions and manner as may be prescribed, on an application made in this behalf, grant a certificate of registration or certificate of naturalisation to a person referred to in the proviso to clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 2.<ref name="GazetteCAA12Dec"/>}}
The "exempted" classes of persons were previously defined in the Foreigners (Amendment) Order, 2015 (issued under the [[Foreigners Act, 1946]]):<ref name="Gazette 553">[http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2015/165755.pdf The Gazette of India, Issue 553 of 2015] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216195711/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2015/165755.pdf |date=16 December 2019 }}, 8 September 2015.</ref>
{{blockquote |3A. '''Exemption of certain class of foreigners'''. – (1) Persons belonging to minority communities in Bangladesh and Pakistan, namely, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians who were compelled to seek shelter in India due to religious persecution or fear of religious persecution and entered into India on or before 31 December 2014
: (a) without valid documents including passport or other travel documents and who have been exempted under rule 4 from the provisions of rule 3 of the ''Passport (Entry into India) Rules, 1950'' [...]; or
: (b) with valid documents including passport or other travel document and the validity of any of such documents has expired,

are hereby granted exemption from the application of provisions of the ''Foreigners Act, 1946'', and the orders made thereunder in respect of their stay in India without such documents or after the expiry of those documents, as the case may be [...].<ref name="Gazette 553"/>
}}The Rules had been further amended in 2016 by adding Afghanistan to the list of countries.<ref name=":4">[http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/170822.pdf ''The Gazette of India'', Issue 495 of 2016] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804114905/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/170822.pdf |date=4 August 2016 }}, 18 July 2016</ref>

Exemptions were granted to northeastern regions of India in the clause (4) of section 6B:
{{blockquote|(4) Nothing in this section shall apply to tribal area of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram or Tripura as included in the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution and the area covered under "The Inner Line" notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873.<ref name="GazetteCAA12Dec"/> }}

==Analysis==
The Act amended the [[Indian nationality law|Citizenship Act, 1955]] to give accelerated eligibility for Indian citizenship to persecuted minorities who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan, and who entered India on or before 31 December 2014. The Act does not include Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nrc-is-anti-indian-citizen/article30053825.ece |title=NRC is anti-Indian citizen |first1=Sobhana K. |last1=Nair |date=23 November 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/opposition-to-reach-out-to-people-about-pitfalls-of-citizenship-amendment-bill/article30197219.ece |title=Opposition to reach out to people about 'pitfalls' of Citizenship Amendment Bill |first1=Sobhana K. |last1=Nair |date=5 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Under the original citizenship act, one of the requirements for citizenship by naturalisation is that the applicant must have lived in India during the last 12 months, and for 11 of the previous 14 years. The amendment relaxes this 11-year requirement to 5 years for persons belonging to the same six religions and three countries.<ref name="PRSBillSummary" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

The immediate beneficiaries of the Amended Act will be 31,313 people of [[India]], which include 25,447 [[Hindus]], 5,807 [[Sikhs]], 55 [[Christians]], 2 [[Buddhists]] and 2 [[Parsis]].<ref name="IB" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/citizenship-act-will-benefit-only-31313-not-lakhs-785797.html |title=Citizenship Act will benefit only 31,313, not lakhs |date=15 December 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}}</ref> In [[Assam]], about 3-6 lakh people are expected to be benefited under this act.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/3-6l-nrc-rejects-to-apply-for-citizenship-via-caa-himanta-biswa-sarmas-statement/articleshow/108600167.cms|title=3-6L NRC-rejects to apply for citizenship via CAA: Himanta|newspaper=The Times of India |date=19 March 2024}}</ref> In West Bengal, the [[Matua Mahasangha|Matua community]] ([[Bengali Hindu]] [[Dalits]] i.e. [[Scheduled Castes|SCs]] of [[East Bengal]] of [[Pakistan]]), numbering 3 crores (approx 30% population of [[West Bengal]]), is mostly concentrated in districts such as [[North 24 Parganas]], [[Nadia]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], [[Cooch Behar]], [[South Dinajpur]], [[Purba Bardhaman|East Burdwan]], and other parts of [[West Bengal]]. The community, having immigrated during the [[Partition of India]] and [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|Partition of Bengal]] in 1947 and later during the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh (East Bengal or East Pakistan) Liberation War]] ([[Civil war|Civil War]] in [[Pakistan]]), out of which about 1.5 crore [[Matua Mahasangha|Matua]]s came to [[West Bengal]] after the creation of [[Bangladesh]] in 1971 (after 24 March), have long been demanding the implementation of the Act due to facing citizenship issues for a considerable period.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=Matuas in Bengal hail CAA implementation: Who are they? How will they gain from the law? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/matuas-west-bengal-caa-implementation-bjp-lok-sabha-elections-13747996.html |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> However, the [[Government of India]] says that it does not maintain records of CAA applicants as there is no such provision for record-keeping, thus making it difficult to ascertain the numbers of absolute beneficiaries of the Act.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijaita |date=2024-04-16 |title=Centre says it does not maintain record of CAA applications |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/government-says-is-does-not-keep-record-of-caa-applications/article68072883.ece |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
{{Islamophobia}}
The amendment exempts the tribal areas of [[Assam]], [[Meghalaya]], and [[Tripura]] from its applicability. It also exempts the areas regulated through the [[Inner Line Permit]], which include [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]] and [[Manipur]],<ref name="PRSBillSummary">{{cite news |url=http://prsindia.org/node/843781/chapters-at-a-glance |title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 – Bill Summary |website=[[PRS Legislative Research]] |access-date=10 December 2019 |archive-date=10 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210110416/http://prsindia.org/node/843781/chapters-at-a-glance |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/where-the-citizenship-amendment-bill-does-not-apply-parliament-6157094/ |title=Explained: Where the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill does not apply |last1=Saha |first1=Abhishek |date=9 December 2019 |newspaper=The Indian Express }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/what-is-citizenship-amendment-bill-2016-1372701-2018-10-22 |title=What is the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill 2016? |newspaper=India Today |access-date=26 January 2019 }}</ref> the last of which was brought under Inner Line Permit on 9 December 2019.<ref name="ToIILP">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bringing-ilp-for-manipur-3-ne-states-will-be-out-of-cab/articleshow/72449076.cms |title=Bringing ILP for Manipur, 3 NE states will be out of CAB |last1=Jain |first1=Bharti |date=10 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>

The amendment includes a new provision for cancellation of the registration of [[Overseas Citizenship of India]] (OCI) if there are any violations of any law of India, whether they are petty infractions or heinous felonies, however it also adds the opportunity for the OCI holder to be heard before the verdict.<ref name="GazetteCAA12Dec" /><ref name="PRS highlights" />

===Exclusion of persecuted Muslims===
Muslims from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan are not offered accelerated eligibility for citizenship under the new Act.<ref name="CNNExcludes" /><ref name="NPRExcludes" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/12/12/asia-pacific/social-issues-asia-pacific/indias-parliament-passes-contentious-citizenship-bill-excluding-muslims/ |title=India's Parliament passes contentious citizenship bill excluding Muslims |date=12 December 2019 |newspaper=Japan Times |issn=0447-5763 |access-date=13 December 2019 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212022443/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/12/12/asia-pacific/social-issues-asia-pacific/indias-parliament-passes-contentious-citizenship-bill-excluding-muslims/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Critics have questioned the exclusion on account of anti-Islamic sentiment. The amendment limits itself to the Muslim-majority neighbours of India and takes no cognisance of the Muslims of those countries.<ref name="IE explained">{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-how-to-be-a-citizen-of-india-earlier-now-6165960/ |title=Explained: What is Citizenship Amendment Act? |date=19 December 2019 |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref> Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh are Muslim-majority countries that have modified their constitutions in recent decades to declare Islam their official state religion. Therefore, according to the Indian government, Muslims in these Islamic countries are "unlikely to face religious persecution". The government says that Muslims cannot be "treated as persecuted minorities" in these Muslim-majority countries.<ref name="BBCClaim" /><ref name="ITEndorsement" /> The BBC says that while these countries have provisions in their constitution guaranteeing non-Muslims rights, including the freedom to practice their religion, in practice non-Muslim populations have experienced discrimination and persecution.<ref name="BBCClaim" />

''The Economist'' criticised the exclusion by arguing that the Indian government's concern for religious persecution should have been extended to [[Ahmadiyya]]s – a Muslim sect who have been "viciously hounded in Pakistan as heretics", and the [[Hazara people|Hazaras]] – another Muslim sect who have been murdered by the [[Taliban]] in Afghanistan. ''The Economist'' argued that they should be treated as persecuted minorities as well.<ref name="economist">{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/12/14/indias-bill-purporting-to-help-refugees-really-seeks-to-hurt-muslims |title=India's bill purporting to help refugees really seeks to hurt Muslims |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224083658/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/12/14/indias-bill-purporting-to-help-refugees-really-seeks-to-hurt-muslims |archive-date=24 December 2019}}</ref>

===Exclusion of other persecuted communities===
The Act does not include migrants from non-Muslim countries fleeing persecution to India, including Hindu refugees from [[Sri Lanka]] and Buddhist refugees from [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]].

The Act does not mention Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka. The [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s were allowed to settle as [[refugees in India|refugees]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] in 1980s and 1990s due to systemic violence from the Sinhalese of Sri Lanka. They include 29,500 "hill country Tamils" (Malaiha).<ref name="without bias"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/16112019-plea-to-render-justice-for-malaiha-hill-country-tamil-refugees-from-sri-lanka-oped/ |title=Plea To Render Justice For Malaiha (Hill Country) Tamil Refugees From Sri Lanka – OpEd |author2=SAAG |author1=V. Suryanarayan |date=16 November 2019 |newspaper=Eurasia Review}}</ref>

The Act does not provide relief to [[Refugees in India#Tibet|Tibetan Buddhist refugees]],<ref name="WPCitizenship" /> who came to India in the 1950s and 1960s due to the [[Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China|Chinese invasion of Tibet]]. Their status has been of refugees over the decades. According to a 1992 UNHCR report, the then Indian government stated that they remain refugees and do not have the right to acquire Indian nationality.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aab124.html |title=Refworld {{!}} India: 1) Legal status of Tibetan refugees; 2) Rights of Tibetans to Indian nationality |website=Refworld}}</ref>

The Act does not address [[Rohingya Muslim]] refugees from Myanmar. The Indian government has been deporting Rohingya refugees to [[Myanmar]].<ref name="NYTLaw"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/12/11/india-citizenship-bill-discriminates-against-muslims |title=India: Citizenship Bill Discriminates Against Muslims |date=11 December 2019 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref>

===Relationship to NRC===
The [[National Register of Citizens]] is a registry of all legal citizens, whose construction and maintenance was mandated by the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003|2003 amendment]] of the Citizenship Act. As of January 2020, it has only been implemented for the state of Assam, but the BJP has promised its implementation for the whole of India in its 2019 election manifesto.<ref name="IE Amit Shah">[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-narendra-modi-amit-shah-pan-india-nrc-6180219/ Reality check: Before PM Modi’s distancing from pan-India NRC, there was Amit Shah’s underlining] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114162244/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-narendra-modi-amit-shah-pan-india-nrc-6180219/ |date=14 January 2020 }}, The Indian Express, 23 December 2019.</ref> The NRC documents all the legal citizens so that the people who are left out can be recognized as illegal immigrants (often called "foreigners"). The experience with Assam NRC shows that many people were declared "foreigners" because their documents were deemed insufficient.<ref>Rohini Mohan, [https://www.vice.com/en/article/worse-than-a-death-sentence-inside-indias-sham-trials-that-could-strip-millions-of-citizenship/ Inside India’s Sham Trials That Could Strip Millions of Citizenship], VICE News, 29 July 2019.</ref>

In this context, there are concerns that the present amendment of the Citizenship Act provides a "shield" to the non-Muslims, who can claim that they were migrants who fled persecution from Afghanistan, Pakistan, or Bangladesh, while the Muslims do not have such a benefit.<ref name="Foreign Policy, potentially claim">Ravi Agrawal, Kathryn Salam, [https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/17/india-citizenship-law-protests-narendra-modi-amit-shah-founding-fathers/ India Is Betraying Its Founding Fathers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124171127/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/17/india-citizenship-law-protests-narendra-modi-amit-shah-founding-fathers/ |date=24 January 2021 }}, Foreign Policy, 17 December 2019. "But with the new citizenship act, Hindus can potentially claim they are immigrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, or Pakistan and gain a route to citizenship. Muslims, on the other hand, could be at risk of being declared foreigners if they can't produce documentation."</ref><ref name="IE Explained NRC+CAA, exit route">Apurva Vishwanath, M. Kaunain Sheriff, [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/committee-to-review-conditions-in-assams-detention-centres/articleshow/71765297.cms Explained: What NRC+CAA means to you] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308101824/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/committee-to-review-conditions-in-assams-detention-centres/articleshow/71765297.cms |date=8 March 2021 }}, The Indian Express, 25 December 2019. "[Amit Shah] said in Parliament that no documents will be asked of those who apply for citizenship under the new law, giving a possible exit route to some of the Hindus potentially excluded from the NRC.... the CAA shield is not available to [the Muslims]. If a Muslim cannot meet the eligibility criteria for NRC... she will lose citizenship when the NRC is published without her name"</ref><ref name="IT everything, provide citizenship">Kaushik Deka, [https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-the-caa-and-nrc-1630771-2019-12-23 Everything you wanted to know about the CAA and NRC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223191021/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-the-caa-and-nrc-1630771-2019-12-23 |date=23 December 2019 }}, ''India Today'', 23 December 2019. "... since the CAA will provide citizenship to non-Muslim illegal immigrants from three countries, only Muslim immigrants will be left out when the NRC is rolled out. "</ref><ref name="Shylashri Shankar">Shylashri Shankar, [https://openthemagazine.com/features/politics-features/democratic-processes-damage-citizenship-rights/ How Democratic Processes Damage Citizenship Rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216203106/https://openthemagazine.com/features/politics-features/democratic-processes-damage-citizenship-rights/ |date=16 February 2020 }}, OPEN Magazine, 16 December 2019. "For a non-Muslim who may have lived in India for centuries but who doesn't have a birth certificate, all is not lost. He or she can argue that they have no place to go or that they have fled these neighbouring countries to escape persecution (and have left their documents behind). But a document-less Muslim cannot make such an argument because the CAA does not include Muslim minorities."</ref> Such a claim may be possible only for people in the border states who have some ethnic resemblance to the people of Afghanistan, Pakistan or Bangladesh, but not to the people of interior states.<ref name="IE Explained NRC+CAA"/><ref name="Shoaib Daniyal">Shoaib Daniyal, [https://scroll.in/article/946053/four-myths-about-the-citizenship-bill-from-fighting-religious-persecution-to-helping-nrc-excluded Four myths about the Citizenship Bill – from fighting religious persecution to helping NRC-excluded] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209032528/https://scroll.in/article/946053/four-myths-about-the-citizenship-bill-from-fighting-religious-persecution-to-helping-nrc-excluded |date=9 December 2019 }}, Scroll.in, 8 December 2019.</ref> Muslim leaders have interpreted the CAA–NRC package in precisely these terms, viz., that the Muslims in the country would be targeted (by considering documents as insufficient) as potential foreigners, leaving out all non-Muslims.<ref name="IE Explained NRC+CAA"/>

In an interview to ''[[India Today]]'', Home Minister Amit Shah offered reassurance that no Indian citizen needs to worry. "We will make special provisions to ensure that no Indian citizen from minority communities is victimised in the NRC process." But the ''[[Indian Express]]'' said that the purpose of the NRC is precisely to ''identify'' the Indian citizens. So these references to "Indian citizens" remain unexplained.<ref name="IE Explained NRC+CAA"/>

== Reception ==
[[File:Muslim Youth League CAA, NRC Protest in Kerala 2019.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|right| [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests]] in [[Calicut]] [[Kerala]] 2020 by [[Muslim Youth League]] (The Youth Wing of [[Indian Union Muslim League]])]]

[[File:Locals protest against CAB CAA.jpg|thumb|Locals protest against the CAB (Citizenship Amendment Bill) in New Delhi on 14 December 2019]]
[[File:Anti CAA NRC protestors.jpg|thumb|left|Locals and [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] students protest against CAA/NRC in New Delhi on 15 December 2019]]

===Protests===
{{main |Citizenship Amendment Act protests}}
The passage of the Act triggered different types of protests and criticisms. Violent protests erupted in Assam, where the protesters maintained that the new provisions of this Act are against prior agreements such as the [[Assam Accord]],<ref name="iexpressassam"/><ref name="ndtvassam">{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/citizenship-amendment-act-protest-women-protest-citizenship-act-across-assam-say-want-peace-not-migr-2152470 |title="Want Peace, Not Migrants": Thousands Of Women Protest Citizenship Act Across Assam |newspaper=NDTV.com |first1=Ratnadip |last1=Choudhury |date=21 December 2019}}</ref> and that they would cause a "loss of political rights and culture". The India-Japan summit in Guwahati, which was supposed to be attended by [[Shinzō Abe]] was cancelled.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/india-japan-guwahati-summit-cancelled/article30294202.ece |title=India-Japan Guwahati summit cancelled in view of protests |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Kallol |date=13 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/584894/World/Asia/India-protests-spread-over-anti-Muslim-law |title=India protests spread over 'anti-Muslim' law |date=13 December 2019 |newspaper=Saudi Gazette }}</ref> The [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[United States|USA]], [[France]], [[Israel]] and [[Canada]] issued travel warnings for people visiting India's north-east region, telling their citizens to "exercise caution".<ref name="BBCLaw"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.usembassy.gov/travel-alert-for-u-s-citizens-protests-in-northeastern-states-121319/ |title=Travel Alert for U.S. Citizens: Protests in Northeastern States |date=13 December 2019 |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in India |access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/anti-citizenship-act-protests-us-uk-france-israel-issue-travel-advisories/article30304634.ece |title=Anti-Citizenship Act protests: U.S., U.K., France, Israel issue travel advisories |date=14 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In other parts of India, Islamic political and student activists along with a few others protested that the law "marginalizes Muslims, is prejudicial against Muslims" and sought that Muslim migrants and refugees should also be granted Indian citizenship per its secular foundations.<ref name="CBCControversial"/> The protesters demanded that the law should grant Indian citizenship to Muslim immigrants and refugees too.<ref name="wsjdelhi"/>

Protests against the bill were held in several metropolitan cities across India, including [[Kolkata]],<ref name="BBCLaw">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50793529 |title=India protesters block roads over citizenship law |date=14 December 2019 |newspaper=BBC }}</ref> [[Delhi]],<ref name="ITShutdownNE">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/citizenship-amendment-bil-protests-assam-tripura-delhi-rajya-sabha-test-1627203-2019-12-11 |title=Shutdown in Northeast, furore across nation as Citizenship Amendment Bill set for Rajya Sabha test today |last1=Kumar Nath |first1=Hemanta Kumar |first2=Ashutosh |last2=Mishra |date=11 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/protests-against-cab-spill-on-to-city-streets/article30271483.ece |title=Protests against CAB spill on to Delhi streets |last1=Ravi |first1=Sidharth |date=11 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X }}</ref> [[Mumbai]],<ref name="HinduRSClears" /> [[Bengaluru]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/091219/bengaluru-citizens-protest-against-citizenship-amendment-bill.html |title=Bengaluru: Citizens protest against Citizenship Amendment Bill |date=9 December 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle }}</ref> [[Hyderabad]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/111219/cab-triggers-protests-in-hyderabad.html |title=CAB triggers protests in Hyderabad |last1=Moin |first1=Ather |date=11 December 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle }}</ref> and [[Jaipur]].<ref name="ITShutdownNE"/> Rallies were also held in various Indian states of West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Telangana, Bihar, Maharastra, [[Kerala]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref name="BBCLaw"/> 27 people were killed by police firing guns in the whole of India.<ref name="aljazeera 27 Dead">{{cite news |title=Internet banned in India's Uttar Pradesh amid anger over killings |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/internet-banned-india-uttar-pradesh-anger-killings-191227060434667.html |access-date=30 December 2019 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref name="The Wire 25 dead">{{cite news |title=These Are the 25 People Killed During Anti-Citizenship Amendment Act Protests |url=https://thewire.in/rights/anti-caa-protest-deaths |access-date=29 December 2019 |work=The Wire}}</ref> Along with in-person protests, the internet—especially on social media platforms such as [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]]—was also the site of comment and debate regarding the constitutionality of the amendment. Large metropolitan areas (with Kolkata, Mumbai, and Bangalore standing out) became hotspots for online posts about the CAA.<ref name=":0">{{Cite arXiv |last1=Roy |first1=Souvik |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Milan |last3=Sinha |first3=Priyadarsini |last4=Das |first4=Sukanta |last5=Bandopadhyay |first5=Subhasis |last6=Mukherjee |first6=Abhik |date=2021-02-21 |title=Exploring the dynamics of protest against National Register of Citizens & Citizenship Amendment Act through online social media: the Indian experience |class=cs.CY |eprint=2102.10531 }}</ref> As with in-person protests, so also online opposition to the BJP and statements opposing Islamophobia came from people of all backgrounds and experiences.<ref name=":0" /> Overall, protesters framed the CAA as a continuation of a history of anti-Islamic legislation and propaganda by the BJP.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

Various cities around the world, including [[New York City|New York]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington D. C]].,<ref name="HinduWashington">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-americans-protest-against-caa-nrc-in-front-of-gandhi-statue-in-washington/article30377334.ece|title=Indian-Americans protest against CAA, NRC in front of Gandhi statue in Washington|date=23 December 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=24 December 2019|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Melbourne]],<ref>{{Cite web|title='A billion people on trial': Indian anti-CAA protestors get support from academicians in Melbourne|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/a-billion-people-on-trial-indian-anti-caa-protestors-get-support-from-academicians-in-melbourne|access-date=2020-09-03|website=SBS Your Language|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indo-Australian academics gather in Melbourne to express solidarity with anti-CAA protestors in India|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/international/indo-australian-academics-gather-in-melbourne-to-express-solidarity-with-anti-caa-protestors-in-india|access-date=2020-09-03|website=National Herald|date=29 January 2020|language=en}}</ref> [[Paris]], [[Berlin]],<ref name="QuintBerlin">{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/my-report/citizenship-amendment-act-protest-berlin-germany-photos|title=Anti-CAA Protests Go Global: Chants of 'Azaadi' Echo In Berlin|date=24 December 2019|website=The Quint|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> [[Geneva]], [[Barcelona]], [[San Francisco]], [[Tokyo]], [[Helsinki]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/indians-finland-raise-slogans-read-preamble-anti-caa-protest-helsinki-114596|title=Indians in Finland raise slogans, read Preamble at anti-CAA protest in Helsinki|date=22 December 2019|work=[[The News Minute]]|access-date=5 January 2020}}</ref> and [[Amsterdam]], witnessed protests against the Act and the police brutality faced by Indian protesters.<ref name="world protest">{{cite news|url=https://scroll.in/latest/947405/citizenship-act-indian-diaspora-organises-protests-at-several-universities-in-us-uk-france|title=Citizenship Act: Indian diaspora organises protests at several universities in US, UK, France|date=20 December 2019|work=The Scroll|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thewire.in/rights/caa-protests-worldwide|title=CAA Protests: Indian Students Worldwide Raise Voices in Solidarity|date=23 December 2019|work=The Wire|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref> This showed up especially in the [[United States]], [[Middle East]], and [[Europe]] on social media; for example, 13% of Twitter flow on the CAA came from these international locations. The bulk of the in-person and social media protest, however, was in India.<ref name=":0" />

[[File:Manushya maha Srinkala againts CAA kerala 2020 11.jpg|thumb|[[2020 Kerala human chain|Kerala human chain]] was formed by approximately 6 to 7 million people and extended for a distance of 700 kilometres]]
{{multiple image
| width = 150
| image1 = Shaheen Bagh - Pune Camp 01.jpg
| image2 = Shaheen Bagh - Pune Camp 02.jpg
| image3 = Shaheen Bagh - Pune Camp 03.jpg
| footer = Shaheen Bagh protests against CAA, NRC and NPR in Pune on 22 Jan 2020
}}
Students from various universities like Jamia Millia Islamia, Vishwa Bharati University, Aligarh Muslim University, Nadwa College, Jawaharlal Nehru University, IIT Kanpur, IIT Madras, Jadavpur University, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, IISc, Pondicherry University, and IIM Ahmedabad also held protest. More than 25 student associations from all over India joined protest. On 15 December, police forcefully entered the campus of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] university, where protests were being held, and detained the students. Police used batons and tear gas on the students. More than a hundred students were injured and an equal number were detained. The police action was widely criticized, and resulted in protests across the country.<ref name="Reuters16Dec">{{cite news |title=India citizenship law protests spread across campuses |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-citizenship-protests/india-citizenship-law-protests-spread-across-campuses-idUSKBN1YK0DD |access-date=16 December 2019 |work=Reuters |date=16 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/city/delhi/demonstration-was-not-held-in-campus-locals-too-participated-in-it-jamia-millia-islamia-pro/videoshow/72652142.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215050105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/city/delhi/demonstration-was-not-held-in-campus-locals-too-participated-in-it-jamia-millia-islamia-pro/videoshow/72652142.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2019 |title=Demonstration was not held in campus, locals too participated in it: Jamia Millia Islamia |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/anti-caa-protest-not-held-in-campus-jamia-admin-1628430-2019-12-15 |title=Anti-CAA protest not held in campus, says Jamia admin |date=15 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today}}</ref>

Muslims all over India came out to protest the CAA–NRC package with a renewed assertion of their identity as Indians.<ref name="Print Muslims">Hilal Ahmed, [https://theprint.in/opinion/who-represents-indias-muslims-thanks-to-caa-protests-we-now-know-the-answer/350709/ Who represents India’s Muslims? Thanks to CAA protests, we now know the answer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117130631/https://theprint.in/opinion/who-represents-indias-muslims-thanks-to-caa-protests-we-now-know-the-answer/350709/ |date=17 January 2020 }}, The Print, 17 January 2020.</ref> Muslim women started [[Shaheen Bagh protests|protest at Shaheen Bagh]] on 15 December 2019 start as an ongoing 24/7 sit-in [[Nonviolent resistance|peaceful]] [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|protest]].<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50902909|title=Shaheen Bagh: The women occupying Delhi street against citizenship law – 'I don't want to die proving I am Indian'|date=4 January 2020|work=BBC|access-date=13 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108140153/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50902909|archive-date=8 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/portraits-of-resilience-the-new-year-in-shaheen-bagh-11577952208794.html|title=Portraits of resilience: the new year in Shaheen Bagh|last1=Bakshi|first1=Asmita|date=2 January 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113064807/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/portraits-of-resilience-the-new-year-in-shaheen-bagh-11577952208794.html|archive-date=13 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/shaheen-bagh-residents-brave-the-cold-as-anti-caa-stir-enters-day-15/article30422794.ece|title=Shaheen Bagh residents brave the cold as anti-CAA stir enters Day 15|date=29 December 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=13 January 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113064806/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/shaheen-bagh-residents-brave-the-cold-as-anti-caa-stir-enters-day-15/article30422794.ece|archive-date=13 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The protesters at [[Shaheen Bagh]] have blocked a major highway{{Efn|Road No 13-A, Shaheen Bagh (GD Birla Marg) – Mathura Road – Kalindi Kunj – Shaheen Bagh stretch is a border point that connects New Delhi to Noida and Faridabad.|name=|group=}} in [[New Delhi]] using [[Nonviolent resistance|non-violent resistance]] for more than 51 days now as of 5 February 2020.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/rights/shaheen-bagh-anti-caa-protest|title=Organiser 'Calls Off' Shaheen Bagh Anti-CAA Protest, Locals Continue Dharna|date=2 January 2020|website=The Wire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113061800/https://thewire.in/rights/shaheen-bagh-anti-caa-protest|archive-date=13 January 2020|access-date=13 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 February, violent clashes occurred during the [[North East Delhi riots]] in which seven people where killed and more than a hundred injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=7 Dead In Delhi Clashes; Government Rules Out Calling Army, Say Sources |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delhi-violence-over-caa-northeast-delhi-tense-day-after-5-killed-in-caa-clashes-amid-donald-trump-vi-2185146 |access-date=25 February 2020 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref> The death toll rose to 42 within 36 hours, with 250 people getting injured.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/delhi-riots-death-toll-rises-to-42-148-firs-registered/articleshow/74410677.cms|title=Death toll rises upto 42 in Delhi Riots|date=29 February 2020|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

===Indian government response===
On 16 December, after the protests entered the fifth day, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] appealed for calm in a series of tweets saying "No Indian has anything to worry regarding this act. This act is only for those who have faced years of persecution outside and have no other place to go except India".<ref name="BBCPlea">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50805092 |title=India PM plea for calm as citizenship unrest rages |date=16 December 2019 |newspaper=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1206492850378002432 |title=I want to unequivocally assure my fellow Indians that CAA does not affect any citizen of India of any religion. No Indian has anything to worry regarding this Act. This Act is only for those who have faced years of persecution outside and have no other place to go except India. |last1=Modi |first1=Narendra |date=16 December 2019 |website=@narendramodi |access-date=16 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216141018/https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1206492850378002432 |archive-date=16 December 2019}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2020}} As CAA protests raised concerns on combined effects of CAA with NRC, both the PM [[Narendra Modi]] and Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] stating that there has been no talk on pan-Indian NRC in their government for now, and neither the cabinet nor the legal department has discussed it.<ref name="Shah No NRC For Now">{{cite news |title=PM Narendra Modi was right, no talk on pan-Indian NRC for now: Amit Shah |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pm-narendra-modi-was-right-no-talk-on-pan-indian-nrc-for-now-amit-shah-119122500030_1.html |access-date=29 December 2019 |newspaper=Business Standard |date=25 December 2019 }}</ref><ref name="IE Explained NRC+CAA">{{cite news |last1=Vishwanath |first1=Apurva |last2=Sheriff |first2=Kaunain |title=Explained: What NRC+CAA means to you |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=25 December 2019 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-citizenship-amendment-act-nrc-caa-means-6180033/}}</ref>

Considering Violence and damage to public properties during demonstration, on 19 December, police banned protests in several parts of India with the imposition of [[section 144]] which prohibits the gathering of more than 4 individuals in a public space as being unlawful, namely, parts of the capital Delhi, [[Uttar Pradesh]], and Karnataka, including Bangalore. Police in [[Chennai]] denied permission for marches, rallies or any other demonstration.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50833361 |title=India police ban protests against citizenship law |date=19 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/930621/ |title=Section 144 in The Code Of Criminal Procedure, 1973 |website=indiankanoon.org |access-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918214405/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/930621/ |archive-date=18 September 2019 }}</ref> Internet services were shut down in several parts of Delhi. As a result of defining the ban, thousands of protesters were detained, including several opposition leaders and activists such as [[Ramachandra Guha]], [[Sitaram Yechury]], [[Yogendra Yadav]], [[Umar Khalid]], [[Sandeep Dikshit]], Tehseen Poonawalla and [[D Raja]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50833361 |title=Hundreds detained in India over citizenship protest |date=19 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/anti-caa-protests-live-updates-8-delhi-metro-stations-closed-congress-ncp-gear-all-india-stirs/story/392305.html |title=Anti-CAA Protests Live Updates: 19 Delhi Metro stations shut; scores detained in multiple cities |newspaper=Business Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/citizenship-amendment-act-live-updates-delhi-nationwide-protests-section-144-in-karnataka-high-court-hearing-today-119121900152_1.html |title=CAA protest LIVE: 18 Delhi metro stations shut, protestors defy Section 144 |newspaper=Business Standard}}</ref>

===Rallies in support===
{{see also|Citizenship Amendment Act protests#Pro-CAA demonstrations}}

Right-wing student groups such as those from the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] – a student wing of the Hindu nationalist [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], held rallies in support of the amended Citizenship Act.<ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/abvp-bjp-members-take-out-pro-citizenship-act-march-in-pune-119121901451_1.html ABVP, BJP members take out pro-Citizenship Act march in Pune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221094340/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/abvp-bjp-members-take-out-pro-citizenship-act-march-in-pune-119121901451_1.html |date=21 December 2019 }}, Business Standard (19 December 2019)</ref><ref>[http://www.uniindia.com/bhu-students-hold-rally-in-support-of-caa-and-nrc/north/news/1825380.html BHU Students hold rally in support of CAA and NRC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108222252/http://www.uniindia.com/bhu-students-hold-rally-in-support-of-caa-and-nrc/north/news/1825380.html |date=8 January 2020 }}, United News of India (17 December 2019)</ref> Rallies in support of the Amendment Act were led by BJP leaders in West Bengal, who alleged that the state government blocked them. They also accused the Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee's party members of misinforming the state's residents about the new law.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bjp-takes-out-rallies-in-west-bengal-in-support-of-citizenship-law/articleshow/72841641.cms BJP takes out rallies in West Bengal in support of citizenship Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218222943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bjp-takes-out-rallies-in-west-bengal-in-support-of-citizenship-law/articleshow/72841641.cms |date=18 December 2019 }}, The Times of India (17 December 2019)</ref> Similarly, some 15,000 people joined a BJP-organised rally in support of the Act in Rajasthan.<ref>[https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/bjp-holds-rally-supporting-caa-in-jaipur/1690725 BJP holds rally supporting CAA in Jaipur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222144532/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/bjp-holds-rally-supporting-caa-in-jaipur/1690725 |date=22 December 2019 }}, Outlook India (20 December 2019)</ref> On 20 December 2019, scores of people held demonstrations in [[Connaught Place, New Delhi#Central Park|Central Park, Connaught Place]], New Delhi in support of the Act.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/demonstration-in-support-of-caa/article30363194.ece |title=Demonstration in support of CAA |date=21 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/people-gather-at-delhis-central-park-raise-slogans-in-support-of-caa/articleshow/72904498.cms |title=Protest in Delhi Today: People gather at Delhi's Central Park, raise slogans in support of CAA |date=20 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Hundreds of people gathered in [[Pune]], forming a human chain, in support of CAA, on 22 December.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/human-chain-to-be-formed-in-support-of-citizenship-amendment-act-at-balgandharv-chowk-in-pune/story-pdt6ExSXDoJm04ZfYFDLZJ.html |title=Human chain in support of CAA, NRC formed in Pune even as protests against Act grow |date=22 December 2019 |newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hundreds-of-people-form-pro-caa-human-chain-in-pune-119122100863_1.html |title=Citizenship Act: Hundreds of people form pro-CAA human chain in Pune |date=22 December 2019 |newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref> ABVP members held a rally in support of CAA and NRC in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/abvp-members-hold-rally-in-support-of-caa-nrc-in-kerala-120011001148_1.html |title=ABVP members hold rally in support of CAA, NRC in Kerala |date=10 January 2020 |newspaper=Business Standard}}</ref> Hundreds of citizens were out on the streets in support of the citizenship law in Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bengaluru-caa-supporters-protesters-have-town-hall/articleshow/72931240.cms |title=CAA supporters, protesters have town hall |date=22 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
Jay Kholiya, ex-Member and Officer Bearer of ABVP Maharashtra had resigned from his office during these protests citing "Ideological Differences".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/abvp-bjp-resignation-caa|title = When Your Inner Voice Starts Hating the Outer You, or Why I Resigned from ABVP}}</ref> In Assam, ABVP's National Executive Moon Talukdar also had joined Anti-CAA Protests. He also announced that around 800 members would resign in opposition to the government's move to implement the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidene.com/assam-abvp-national-executive-joins-protest-against-citizenship-amendment-act/|title=Assam: ABVP National Executive Joins Protest Against Citizenship Amendment Act – INSIDENE|date=15 December 2019 }}</ref>

===Refugees===
Hindu refugee families in Assam, living since the 1960s in a refugee camp and who had been denied Indian citizenship so far, said that the Amendment had "kindled hope" at first. They added that the recent protests against the Act and demands for its cancellation have made them fearful of the future.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/swing-between-hope-despair-in-assam/cid/1726282 |title=Swing between hope & despair |newspaper=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota |date=13 December 2019}}</ref> In New Delhi, about 600 refugees from Pakistan living in a camp consisting of tiny shanties celebrated the new law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/pakistani-hindu-migrants-celebrate-indian-citizenship-promise-while-muslims-protest-1.951268 |title=Pakistani Hindu migrants celebrate Indian citizenship promise while Muslims protest |newspaper=The National |first1=Taniya |last1=Dutta |date=14 December 2019}}</ref> A delegation of Sikh refugees who had arrived from Afghanistan three decades ago thanked the Indian government for amending the citizenship law. They stated the Amended law would allow them to finally gain Indian citizenship and "join the mainstream".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/citizenship-law-will-be-implemented-so-will-be-nrc-nadda-after-meeting-refugees-from-afghanistan-1629771-2019-12-19 |title=Citizenship law will be implemented, so will be NRC: Nadda after meeting refugees from Afghanistan |newspaper=India Today |date=19 December 2019}}</ref>

Some [[Rohingya]] Muslim refugees in India were not optimistic about the Amendment and feared they would be deported.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-india-insight-idUSKCN1NK0VH |title=As India eases citizenship path for Hindus, Rohingya Muslims fear expulsion |date=15 November 2018 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rohingya-wary-of-future-after-caa-dont-want-to-return-to-myanmar/article30372210.ece |title=Rohingya wary of future after CAA, don't want to return to Myanmar |date=22 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Other Rohingya refugees expressed gratitude at having been allowed to stay in India, but did not make any comments specific to the Act lest they provoke a backlash. They said that local police had asked them not to protest against the Act.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/rohingya-muslims-citizenship-amendment-act-protests_in_5df8be32e4b047e888a411d7 |title=Police Warn Rohingya Muslims To Stay Silent As CAA Protests Roil India |date=18 December 2019 |newspaper=HuffPost India}}</ref>

More than 200 families have arrived in the Indian state of Punjab with all their belongings after the law was enacted.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hindus-from-pakistan-visiting-punjab-worry-agencies/articleshow/73783657.cms |title=Hindus from Pak 'visiting' Punjab worry agencies |newspaper=The Times of India |first1=Yudhvir |last1=Rana |date=31 January 2020}}</ref>

===Political and legal challenge===
The bill was opposed by the [[Indian National Congress]], who said it would create [[Communalism (South Asia)|communal tensions]] and polarise India.<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{cite news |title=What you should know about India's 'anti-Muslim' citizenship bill |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=9 December 2019 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/india-anti-muslim-citizenship-bill-191209095557419.html }}</ref> The Chief Ministers of the Indian states of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[West Bengal]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Kerala]] and [[Rajasthan]] and [[union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] – all led by non-BJP governments – said they will not implement the law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/president-gives-assent-to-cab-5-states-refuse-to-implement-it-11576262342021.html |title=President gives assent to CAB, 5 states refuse to implement it |last1=Varma |first1=Anuja and Gyan |date=14 December 2019 |newspaper=livemint.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cong-govts-in-punjab-mp-rajasthan-chhattisgarh-puducherry-won-t-implement-caa-harish-rawat-1630219-2019-12-20 |title=Cong govts in Punjab, MP, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Puducherry won't implement CAA: Harish Rawat |first1=Hemanta Kumar |last1=Nath |date=20 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref name="BBCLaw"/> According to the Central Home Ministry, states lack the legal power to stop the implementation of CAA. The Ministry stated that "the new legislation has been enacted under the Central List of the 7th Schedule of the Constitution. The states have no power to reject it".<ref name="OutlookMP19Dec">{{cite news |title=Sporadic protests in MP against CAA |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sporadic-protests-in-mp-against-caa/1689856 |newspaper=Outlook |date=19 December 2019 }}</ref> Modi stated on 21 December that the NRC had only been implemented in Assam to follow a directive from the [[Supreme Court of India]], and that there had been no decision taken to implement it nation-wide.<ref>{{cite news |title=PM Modi counters what Amit Shah, BJP manifesto say on bringing all-India NRC |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-counters-what-amit-shah-bjp-manifesto-say-on-bringing-all-india-nrc-1630576-2019-12-22 |access-date=23 December 2019 |work=India Today |date=22 December 2019 }}</ref>

[[Kerala]] becomes the first state to challenge the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) by filing a plea in the [[Supreme Court of India]] under Article 131 of the Constitution.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-14 |title=Kerala moves SC against citizenship act, first to confront Centre on CAA |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kerala-govt-challenges-citizenship-act-in-supreme-court-first-state-to-challenge-centre/story-qQE0eJirdQutcRPxQ9zrGK.html |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Kerala [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]] [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] affirmed that the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) is viewed as divisive and declared its non-implementation in the state, asserting that it treats Muslim minorities unfairly. He stated, "All of Kerala will stand united in opposing this communally divisive law."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-03-11 |title=CAA will not be implemented in Kerala: Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/caa-will-not-be-implemented-in-kerala-pinarayi-vijayan-enn24031106486 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Citizenship Law CAA Won't Be Implemented In Kerala, Says Pinarayi Vijayan |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/citizenship-law-caa-wont-be-implemented-in-kerala-says-pinarayi-vijayan-5219052 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

The [[Indian Union Muslim League]] petitioned the [[Supreme Court of India]] to declare the bill illegal.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://onelawstreet.com/caa-challenge-sc-lists-matter-on-18-december/|title=CAA Challenge: SC lists matter on 18 December|date=15 March 2020|website=One Law Street|access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="BBCChallenge">{{cite news |title='Anti-Muslim' citizenship law challenged in India court |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50739593 |access-date=17 December 2019 |newspaper=BBC |date=12 December 2019 }}</ref><ref name=TripuraBBC>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50739593 |title='Anti-Muslim' citizenship law challenged in India court |date=12 December 2019 |newspaper=BBC }}</ref> The first hearing by the [[Supreme Court of India]] on 60 petitions challenging the Act was on 18 December 2019. During the first hearing, the court declined to stay implementation of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019.<ref name=":2" /> On 22 January 2020, around 143 petitions, including several petitions filed after 18 December 2019 were heard. The court again declined the request for stay.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bagriya |first1=Ashok |title=Supreme Court refuses stay on Citizenship Amendment Act, issues notice to Centre |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-court-refuses-stay-on-citizenship-amendment-act-issues-notice-to-centre/story-hXDK5Qx27bmX9AtLORBVYP.html |access-date=18 December 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 December 2019 }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://onelawstreet.com/caa-sc-awaits-centers-response-plea-for-constitution-bench-reference/|title=CAA: SC awaits Center's response; Plea for Constitution Bench reference|date=17 January 2020|website=One Law Street|access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref> The next hearing was scheduled on 21 April 2020.<ref name="auto"/>

===Commentary and petitions===
The foreign [[intelligence agency]] of India, [[R&AW]], had expressed concern while deposing in front of the joint parliamentary committee, and had stated that the bill could be used by agents of the foreign intelligence agencies to infiltrate legally into India.<ref name="RAW">{{cite news |title=CAB Could Be Misused By Foreign Agents to Infiltrate India, RAW Had Said |url=https://thewire.in/security/cab-could-be-misused-by-foreign-agents-to-infiltrate-india-raw-had-said |access-date=16 December 2019 |newspaper=The Wire |date=9 December 2019 }}</ref> Former [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]] [[Shiv Shankar Menon]] called the incident a self inflicted goal that has isolated India from the International community.<ref name="Shiv Shankar Menon">{{cite news |title=India will face international isolation because of NRC-CAA: Shiv Shankar Menon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-will-face-international-isolation-because-of-nrc-caa-shiv-shankar-menon/article30469116.ece |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 January 2020 }}</ref>

[[Harish Salve]], former [[Solicitor General of India]], said that the bill does not violate [[Article 14 of the Constitution of India|Article 14]], Article 25 and Article 21 of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/harish-salve-says-cab-is-pro-minorities-does-not-violate-article-1415-or-21 |title=Harish Salve says CAB is pro-minorities, does not violate Article 14,15 or 21 |date=11 December 2019 |newspaper=[[The Free Press Journal]] }}</ref>

A group of prominent individuals and organisations from around 12 countries representing minorities of [[Bangladesh]] released a joint statement in which they described the Act as "humanitarian" provision through which India has "partially fulfilled" its obligations towards the minorities of Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/caa-is-a-humanitarian-act-expat-bangladesh-minorities/article30408756.ece |title=CAA is a humanitarian act: expat Bangladesh minorities |date=27 December 2019 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The National Sikh Front – a group representing the [[Sikhs in Jammu and Kashmir]], stated that it supports the Act because it will help the Sikh refugees in India who left Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/national-sikh-front-backs-citizenship-act/1690477 |title=National Sikh Front backs Citizenship Act |newspaper=Outlook India}}.</ref>

A petition opposing the bill was signed by more 1,000 Indian scientists and scholars.<ref name="IndiaTodayEthnocracy">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/over-1-000-scientists-scholars-sign-petition-demanding-withdrawal-citizenship-bill-1627101-2019-12-10 |title=India will become unconstitutional ethnocracy: Over 1,000 scholars, scientists seek withdrawal of Citizenship Bill |date=10 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today}}</ref> The petition stated that "The use of religion as a criterion for citizenship in the proposed bill" was "inconsistent with the basic structure of the Constitution".<ref name="IndiaTodayEthnocracy"/> A similar number of Indian academicians and intellectuals released a statement in support of the legislation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1000-academics-come-out-in-support-of-caa/articleshow/72921086.cms |title=1,000 academics come out in support of CAA |date=22 December 2019 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The petition stated that the act "fulfills the long-standing demand of providing refuge to persecuted religious minorities from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan".<ref>{{cite news |title=Academics, intellects issue joint statement supporting CAA |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/academics-intellects-issue-joint-statement-supporting-caa/1691134 |newspaper=Outlook India |date=21 December 2019 }}</ref>

Historian Neeti Nair commented that the Citizenship (Amendment) Act and the National Register of Citizens represent steps towards a "Hindu Rashtra" that should be "summarily dismissed both by the people and by the courts".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mudur |first1=G.S. |title='CAA-NRC a road to Hindu Rashtra' Author Neeti Nair is currently exploring the challenges to secularism in India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/caa-nrc-a-road-to-hindu-rashtra/cid/1728003 |website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> Similar views were also expressed by social activists such as [[Harsh Mander]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanjiv |first1=Deepthi |title=CAA an attempt to convert India into Hindu Rashtra: Activist in Mangaluru rally |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/caa-an-attempt-to-convert-india-into-hindu-rashtra-activist-in-mangaluru-rally/articleshow/73279755.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 January 2020 |access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> [[Indira Jaising]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CAA first step towards Hindu rashtra, says Indira Jaising at AIPC's secular march |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/12/29/caa-first-step-to-hindu-rashtra-indira-jaising-aipc-secular-march.html |website=Onmanorama |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> and media houses ''[[National Herald]]'' and ''[[The Caravan]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Agrawal |first1=Purushottam |title=How close is the Republic to the nightmare of a Hindu Rashtra ? |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/how-close-is-the-republic-to-the-nightmare-of-a-hindu-rashtra |website=[[National Herald]] |date=26 January 2020 |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Maansi |title=India has long granted citizenship to refugees; CAA is just a step towards a Hindu Rashtra |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/politics/india-has-long-granted-citizenship-persecuted-refugees-caa-step-towards-hindu-rashtra |website=[[The Caravan]] |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> ''[[The Japan Times]]'' termed the Act as "Modi's project to make a Hindu India".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thakur |first1=Ramesh |title=Modi's project to make a Hindu India |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2020/01/13/commentary/world-commentary/modis-project-make-hindu-india/ |website=The Japan Times |date=13 January 2020 |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref>

==International reactions==
*'''{{flagu|Afghanistan|2013}}''': Former Afghanistan President [[Hamid Karzai]] urged Government of India to treat all minorities equally. In an interview to ''[[The Hindu]]'', he said, "We don't have persecuted minorities in Afghanistan." Mentioning the [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan conflict]], he said, "The whole country is persecuted. We have been in war and conflict for a long time. All religions in Afghanistan, Muslims and Hindus and Sikhs, which are our three main religions, have suffered."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haider |first1=Suhasini |title=Former Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai urges India to treat all minorities including Muslims equally |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/all-afghans-have-been-persecuted-karzai/article30600574.ece |access-date=20 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=19 January 2020}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Australia}}''': Australian [[Australian Greens|Greens]] MP [[David Shoebridge]] tabled motion in the [[New South Wales Legislative Council]], calling for serious attention to India's CAA, the Modi government's reaction to the democratic protests and to renegotiate trade agreements between Australia and India so that they include a human rights clause.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Australia: Greens MP Tables Motion Against CAA, Calls for Review of Trade Links With India|url=https://thewire.in/world/australia-citizenship-amendment-act-david-shoebridge|access-date=2020-09-03|website=The Wire}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Bahrain}}''': The Shura Council (the Council of Representatives) called on the Government of India to refrain from implementing the Act, taking the rights of the Muslims into account, and respecting the international principles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulf-insider.com/bahrain-urges-india-to-refrain-from-caa-implementation/|title=Bahrain Urges India to Refrain from CAA Implementation|date=3 January 2020|website=Gulf Insider|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=23 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223141154/https://www.gulf-insider.com/bahrain-urges-india-to-refrain-from-caa-implementation/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Bangladesh}}''': Bangladesh's Minister of Foreign Affairs, [[AK Abdul Momen|A. K. Abdul Momen]] said that this bill could weaken India's historic character as a secular nation and denied that minorities were facing religious persecution in his country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/news/citizenship-law-could-weaken-indias-secular-character-says-bangladeshs-foreign-minister-ak-abdul-momen |title=Citizenship Amendment Bill could weaken India's secular character, says Bangladesh's Foreign Minister |date=12 December 2019 |newspaper=National Herald }}</ref> In an interview to ''[[Gulf News]]'', Bangladesh Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] said, "Within India, people are facing many problems" and expressed her concerns saying, "We don't understand why (the Indian government) did it. It was not necessary". However, she maintained her stance that the CAA and NRC are internal matters of India. She also said that Prime Minister Modi assured her of no reverse migration from India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Kallol |title=India's new citizenship law unnecessary, says Sheikh Hasina |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indias-new-citizenship-law-unnecessary-says-sheikh-hasina/article30599102.ece?homepage=true |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=19 January 2020}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|France}}''': Ambassador of France to India, Emmanuel Lenain, said that France considers the legislation an internal matter of India and respects it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/cab-indias-key-ally-france-calls-caa-countrys-internal-matter/1795662/ |title=CAB: India's key ally France calls CAA country's internal matter |date=16 December 2019 |newspaper=The Financial Express}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Kuwait}}''': Around 27 lawmakers in Kuwait expressed "deep concern" over "the abusive legislative and repressive security measures taken by the Indian government against Muslims". They asked the Kuwait Government to 'exert diplomatic efforts' and to approach the UN to address the situation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfbusiness.com/kuwaiti-mps-express-deep-concern-situation-muslims-india-china/|title=Kuwaiti MPs express 'deep concern' over situation of Muslims in India, China|date=26 December 2019|website=Gulf Business|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Malaysia}}''': The [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]], [[Mahathir Mohamad]], criticised the law and said it could "deprive some Muslims of their citizenship". India rejected the criticism and said the law does not "deprive any Indian of any faith of her or his citizenship".<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/dying-malaysia-mahathir-slams-india-citizenship-law-191220082825226.html "'People dying': Malaysia's Mahathir slams India's citizenship law"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102180341/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/dying-malaysia-mahathir-slams-india-citizenship-law-191220082825226.html |date=2 January 2020 }}, [[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Maldives}}''': Maldives' Parliament Speaker and former president, [[Mohamed Nasheed]], said that CAA is an internal issue of India and was democratically passed through both the houses of the Parliament.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/caa-is-internal-issue-of-india-maldives-speaker-mohamed-nasheed-119121400099_1.html |title=CAA is internal issue of India: Maldives Speaker Mohamed Nasheed |last=ANI |date=14 December 2019 |newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Pakistan}}''': Pakistan Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]] criticised the Act.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/imran-khan-tweet-on-citizenship-amendment-bill-1626982-2019-12-10 |title=Imran Khan blasts Citizenship Amendment Bill, says it violates bilateral agreements |date=10 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today }}</ref> Pakistan's [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] passed a resolution labelling the Act as a "discriminatory law" and argued that it contravened "bilateral agreements and understandings between India and Pakistan, particularly those on security and rights of minorities in the respective countries".<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/1522643/na-condemns-india-over-controversial-citizenship-act "NA condemns India over controversial citizenship act"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104155307/https://www.dawn.com/news/1522643/na-condemns-india-over-controversial-citizenship-act |date=4 January 2020 }}, ''Dawn'', 17 December 2019.</ref> This act was denounced by both the Hindu and Sikh communities of Pakistan. In particular, it was rejected by the Pakistan Hindu Council, a representative body of Hindus in the country. Many lawmakers were vocal in voicing their protest over this legislation. These included [[Lal Chand Malhi]], member of the national assembly from Pakistan's ruling party [[Tehreek-e-Insaf]], and [[Sachanand Lakhwani]], member of the provincial assembly of Sindh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistani Hindus say citizenship law is divisive |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2019/12/18/pakistani-hindus-say-citizenship-law-is-divisive.html |work=The Week |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Russia}}''': Deputy Russian Ambassador to India, Roman Babushkin, said that Russia considers the legislation an internal matter of India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/indias-citizenship-amendment-act-is-a-domestic-matter-russia/articleshow/72941533.cms |title=India's Citizenship Amendment Act is a domestic matter: Russia |last1=Chaudhury |first1=Dipanjan Roy |date=23 December 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Sri Lanka}}''': [[Prime Minister of Sri Lanka|Prime Minister]] [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] termed the CAA as an internal matter of India. While answering a question about the non-inclusion of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees, he said, "Sri Lankans can return anytime they want. Their houses are there. They can come back anytime they want. We have no objection. Recently, around 4,000 of them returned. It all depends on what they want."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohan |first1=Geeta |title=Sri Lankan PM Rajapaksa reaches Delhi, says CAA internal matter of India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sri-lankan-pm-rajapaksa-reaches-delhi-says-caa-internal-matter-of-india-1644633-2020-02-09 |access-date=4 March 2020 |work=India Today |date=9 February 2020 }}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|United Kingdom}}''': The outgoing British High Commissioner to India, Dominic Asquith, said that the UK expressed hope that the Indian government will address concerns of the people as its manifesto commitment is "sabka saath, sabka vikas, sabka vishvas" (with all, development for all, and trust of all)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hope-indian-govt-will-address-concerns-on-caa-uk/articleshow/73775985.cms|title=Hope Indian govt will address concerns on CAA: UK {{!}} India News|date=30 January 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|United States}}''': The [[United States Commission on International Religious Freedom]] (USCIRF) called for [[International sanctions|sanctions]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uscirf.gov/news-room/press-releases-statements/uscirf-raises-serious-concerns-and-eyes-sanctions |title=USCIRF Raises Serious Concerns and Eyes Sanctions Recommendations for Citizenship (Amendment) Bill in India, Which Passed Lower House Today |date=9 December 2019 |website=United States Commission on International Religious Freedom |access-date=10 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210093153/https://www.uscirf.gov/news-room/press-releases-statements/uscirf-raises-serious-concerns-and-eyes-sanctions |archive-date=10 December 2019}}</ref> against [[Amit Shah]] and "other principal leadership" over passage of the Bill.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/federal-us-commission-seeks-sanctions-against-amit-shah-if-cab-passed-in-parliament-1626880-2019-12-10 |title=Federal US commission seeks sanctions against Amit Shah if CAB passed in Parliament |date=10 December 2019 |newspaper=India Today}}</ref>{{efn |The [[US Commission on International Religious Freedom|USCIRF]] had earlier expressed its support for the Lautenberg-Specter Amendments, a US law that is considered similar to the CAA.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/caa-has-corollary-in-us-lautenberg-amendment/articleshow/73347361.cms |title=CAA has corollary in US' Lautenberg Amendment |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=18 January 2020}}</ref>}} [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|India's Ministry of External Affairs]] issued a statement in response, stating that the statement made by the USCIRF was "neither accurate nor warranted", and that neither the CAA nor the NRC sought to strip Indian citizens of citizenship.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/uscirf-statement-on-cab-neither-accurate-nor-warranted-mea/articleshow/72454704.cms |title=USCIRF statement on CAB 'neither accurate nor warranted': MEA |date=10 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/it-has-no-locus-standi-mea-on-uscirfs-citizenship-bill-statement/articleshow/72454886.cms |title=It has no locus standi: MEA on USCIRF's citizenship bill statement |date=10 December 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/us-religious-freedom-panel-uscirf-statement-on-citizenship-amendment-bill-not-accurate-guided-only-b-2146381 |title=US Commission Statement On Citizenship Bill Not "Accurate": Government |newspaper=NDTV.com}}</ref> The [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs]] questioned the intent of the Bill and noted that "[a]ny religious test for citizenship undermines this most basic democratic tenet."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raj |first1=Yashwant |last2=H. Laskar |first2=Rezaul |title=US panel for sanctions over Citizenship Amendment Bill, India says it is biased |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/us-panel-for-sanctions-over-citizenship-amendment-bill-india-says-it-is-biased/story-svybceSyKuzLWOTKjjaT1H.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=17 December 2019 |date=11 December 2019 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217054952/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/us-panel-for-sanctions-over-citizenship-amendment-bill-india-says-it-is-biased/story-svybceSyKuzLWOTKjjaT1H.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 19 December, however, the [[United States Secretary of State]] said that the US respects Indian democracy since it has a "robust" internal debate on the Citizenship Act.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-has-robust-domestic-debate-says-pompeo-on-citizenship-law/article30343634.ece |title=India has robust domestic debate, says Pompeo on citizenship law |date=19 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The [[President of the United States]], [[Donald Trump]], during his visit to India, declined to comment on the CAA and said that "it is up to India."<ref>{{cite news |title=Don't want to say anything on CAA, it is up to India: Donald Trump |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-modi-wants-people-to-have-religious-freedom-donald-trump/articleshow/74303397.cms |access-date=4 March 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>
:Two city councils, in [[Seattle]] and [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], passed resolutions asking India to repeal the Citizenship Amendment Act.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ali |first1=Mohammad |title=Another US city passes resolution against India's citizenship law |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/12/another-us-city-passes-resolution-against-indias-citizenship-law |website=Aljazeera |publisher= |access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref>

=== Organisations ===
*'''{{flagu|European Union}}''': Ambassador of the [[European Union]] to India, Ugo Astuto, said that he trusts that the outcome of the CAA discussion would be in line with the high standards set by the Indian constitution.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thewire.in/external-affairs/eu-to-india-hope-cab-is-in-line-with-high-standards-of-indian-constitution |title=EU to India: Hope CAB Is in Line with High Standards of Indian Constitution |newspaper=The Wire |access-date=9 January 2020 |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127140726/https://thewire.in/external-affairs/eu-to-india-hope-cab-is-in-line-with-high-standards-of-indian-constitution |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}}''': [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]] expressed their concern about present situation of CAA-NRC and urged the Government of India to ensure the safety of the Muslim minority and to follow the obligations outlined in the [[Charter of the United Nations]].<ref>{{cite news |title=OIC expresses concern over CAA; says 'closely' following developments |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/oic-expresses-concern-over-caa-says-closely-following-developments/articleshow/72931689.cms |access-date=31 December 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=23 December 2019}}</ref>
*'''{{flagu|United Nations}}''': The [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] criticised the Act and called it "fundamentally discriminatory in nature". It added, "Although India's broader naturalization laws remain in place, these amendments will have a discriminatory effect on people's access to nationality."<ref>{{cite web |title=New citizenship law in India 'fundamentally discriminatory': UN human rights office |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/12/1053511 |website=UN News |publisher=United Nations |access-date=17 December 2019 |date=13 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217063225/https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/12/1053511 |archive-date=17 December 2019 }}</ref>
** The [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] (OHCHR) called it "fundamentally discriminatory", adding that while India's "goal of protecting persecuted groups is welcome", this should be accomplished through a non-discriminatory "robust national [[political asylum|asylum]] system".<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25425&LangID=E Spokesperson for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219140236/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25425&LangID=E |date=19 December 2019 }}, Jeremy Laurence, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Geneva (13 December 2019)</ref> The OHCHR filed an intervention in the [[Supreme Court of India]] on the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=UN High Commissioner for Human Rights files intervention application in Supreme Court against CAA |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/un-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-files-intervention-application-in-supreme-court-against-caa/article30970470.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 March 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref>

==Implementation 2024- Present==
Government of India released the details and rules about the implementation of the act in [[Gazette of India]] on 11 March 2024. An online portal was also opened to let the eligible refugees apply for the citizenship.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=Centre launches new portal for people applying for citizenship under CAA |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ministry-of-home-affairs-launches-portal-for-those-seeking-indian-citizenship-under-caa-9209526/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Politically it was significant because it was released just before the [[2024 Indian general election]], and was esteemed to be an electoral gain for the [[BJP]] in the upcoming election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=CAA Rules: Why the Centre took over 4 years to frame rules for citizenship law after notification? |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/caa-rules-why-the-centre-took-over-4-years-to-frame-rules-for-citizenship-law-after-notificationcitizenship-amendment-act-2019-article-12444681.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}</ref> Opposition parties criticised the timing of the notification, accusing BJP for delaying four years to implement it just to use it as a political issue in the election.<ref name="wionews.com">{{Cite web |title=India: Opposition slams decision after Centre notifies CAA rules ahead of polls |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-oppositions-first-reaction-after-centre-notifies-caa-rules-699053 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=WION |date=11 March 2024 |language=en-us}}</ref> On May 15, 2024, the granting of Indian citizenship under CAA began with the first set of migrant applicants receiving their citizenship certificates.<ref name=NDTV15May/><ref name=IT15May/>

===Citizenship (Amendment) Act Rules, 2024===

The rules for applying for Indian citizenship under the act are as follows :-

1. Individuals who entered India legally from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan on or before December 31, 2014, and belong to the Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, or Christian community are eligible.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Citizenship Online |url=https://indiancitizenshiponline.nic.in/ |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=indiancitizenshiponline.nic.in}}</ref>

2. They must have resided legally and worked in India continuously for six years, from 2008 to December 31, 2014, and possess all necessary documents, such as valid or expired [[passports]], ID cards, and [[land tenure|land tenancy]] records, to prove their membership in one of the six specified religious groups from the aforementioned three neighbouring nations, in order to meet the eligibility criteria for [[Indian nationality law|Indian citizenship]] through naturalization.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-09 |title=CAA: India's new citizenship law explained |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50670393 |access-date=2024-04-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

3. The applicant is required to possess sufficient proficiency in one of the languages listed in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) rules explained: Check eligibility, procedure, language clause details |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/caa-rules-notified-eligibility-procedure-language-requirement-for-citizenship-explained-101710169656229.html |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

4. Although the Citizenship Amendment Bill was passed on December 11, 2019, the act does not grant Indian citizenship to [[Refugees in India|refugees]] with criminal records, or to those who immigrated into the [[India]] after December 31, 2014, whether legally or illegally, as this date serves as the cut-off.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tripathi |first=Rahul |date=2024-01-03 |title=Citizenship cut-off date likely to be extended beyond Dec 31, 2014 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/citizenship-cut-off-date-likely-to-be-extended-beyond-dec-31-2014/articleshow/106494250.cms |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

===Extension and No Cut-off demand===

Critics have argued that the Act's stance on persecution lacks consistency, questioning why it chooses 2014 as a cut-off date when, according to the government's own admission, persecution of minorities continues to be a persistent issue in the neighbouring nations of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=Pratap Bhanu Mehta writes: With CAA Rules, excluding minorities by stealth |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/pratap-bhanu-mehta-writes-with-caa-rules-exclusion-by-stealth-not-big-bang-9212398/ |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Refugees in India|Refugees]] across India have advocated for the extension of the act, arguing that it should not have any cut-off date for providing citizenship to persecuted minorities of neighbouring nations, as persecution hasn't stopped and will not in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Why The Cut-Off In Eligibility Dates If CAA Law Is Meant For Persecuted Refugees?' Sindhis Ask |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/why-the-cut-off-in-eligibility-dates-if-caa-law-is-meant-for-persecuted-refugees-sindhis-ask |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-04 |title=Pak immigrants want CAA date extended till Dec 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/pak-immigrants-want-caa-date-extended-till-dec-2023/articleshow/106529268.cms |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> A top official of the [[Indian Government]] has said that the cut-off date of December 31, 2014, is being kept so that the act cannot be misused by infiltrators from neighbouring countries such as Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=CAA cutoff date will prevent misuse: Official |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/caa-cutoff-date-will-prevent-misuse-official/articleshow/73114719.cms |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=[[The Economic Times]]|date=6 January 2020 |last1=Tripathi |first1=Rahul }}</ref> The same official also added that if the need arises, the 2014 cut-off can be extended by bringing in necessary legal changes through amendments.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijaita |date=2024-01-02 |title=CAA rules likely to be notified before 2024 Lok Sabha poll: Home Ministry official |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/citizenship-amendment-act-likely-to-be-notified-before-2024-lok-sabha-polls-home-ministry-official/article67698970.ece |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Date Extension ===

On 3 September 2025, the Government of India extended the cut-off date under the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) from 31 December 2014 to 31 December 2024. The notification, issued under the Immigration and Foreigners Act, allows Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan who entered India on or before 31 December 2024 to stay in the country and apply for Indian citizenship, even if they lack valid travel documents. This marks a significant policy shift from the original 2019 framework, which restricted eligibility to migrants who had entered India by 2014. The change follows the notification of the Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024, which operationalised the CAA and opened an online application process. The first citizenship certificates under the Act were granted in May 2024. The extension is expected to benefit a larger number of refugees belonging to the specified religious communities who migrated after 2014 but before the new deadline.<ref>India Today. (2025, September 3). Persecuted minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pak who came by 2024 will be allowed to stay: Government. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/persecuted-minorities-from-afghanistan-bangladesh-pak-who-came-by-2024-will-be-allowed-to-stay-government-2781231-2025-09-03</ref><ref>The New Indian Express. (2025, September 3). MHA extends CAA cut-off date to 31 December 2024, easing citizenship process for persecuted minorities. The New Indian Express. https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Sep/03/mha-extends-caa-cut-off-date-to-31-december-2024-easing-citizenship-process-for-persecuted-minorities</ref><ref>Zee News. (2025, September 3). Modi govt notifies CAA rules, citizenship portal. Zee News. https://zeenews.india.com/india/modi-govt-notifies-caa-rules-citizenship-portal-2954953.html</ref>

===Opposition to Implementation in Northeast India 2024===
The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) implementation in [[Northeast India]] has encountered significant opposition, particularly in Assam and other states of the region. The CAA has been a contentious issue, with concerns raised about its alleged discriminatory nature and potential infringement upon indigenous rights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why BJP and allies have the edge in perception war in northeast By implementing the CAA, Modi govt has given the opposition an opening |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/current/2024/04/06/lok-sabha-elections-2024-north-east-states-analysis-predictions.html |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=The Week}}</ref>

The central government's decision not to implement the CAA in most tribal areas of Northeastern states has been met with mixed reactions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAA not to be implemented in most tribal areas in Northeastern states |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/caa-not-to-be-implemented-in-most-tribal-areas-in-northeastern-states-124031200011_1.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Business Standard}}</ref> While some view it as a positive step towards protecting indigenous communities, others argue that many parts of northeast like whole of Assam is still not covered under the [[Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India|6th schedule]] and thereby not excluded under CAA <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anti-CAA stir protests continue in NE region |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/03/14/anti-caa-stir-protests-continue-in-ne-region/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Arunachal Times|date=14 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tripura: Tribal student body 'black day' tomorrow, protest CAA |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/tripura/tripura-tribal-student-body-black-day-tomorrow-protest-caa-9098899/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Indian Express|date=7 January 2024 }}</ref>

Among the Northeastern states, Assam is most affected by issues related to illegal immigration, primarily due to its porous borders with [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/assams-problem-real-but-just-cant-junk-provision-in-citizenship-act-supreme-court/articleshow/105764082.cms|title=Assam's problem real but just can't junk provision in Citizenship Act: Supreme Court|newspaper=The Times of India |date=6 December 2023}}</ref>

Existing student bodies in the Northeast, such as the Northeast Student Union (NESU), have faced criticism for their perceived silence on the CAA issue. Despite the recent abolishment of the Free Movement Regime (FMR) between India and Myanmar, NESU has remained relatively inactive in addressing the concerns of the region's inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite news |title=CAA copies burnt, 'hartal' in Assam as Centre notifies rules |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/caa-copies-burnt-hartal-in-assam-as-centre-notifies-rules/articleshow/108404751.cms |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Times of India|date=11 March 2024 }}</ref>

In response to the perceived lack of action by existing student unions, a new initiative called the [[Wesean Student Federation]] (WSF) was formed in March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anti-CAA stir: Protests continue in NE region |url=https://theprint.in/india/anti-caa-stir-protests-continue-in-ne-region/1999676/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=ThePrint|date=13 March 2024 }}</ref><ref name="wionews.com"/> The WSF and other organisations like the Naga Student Federation has also sought international intervention on the issue, urging the [[United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues|United Nations]] to address the discriminatory nature of the CAA and its potential threat to the sovereignty and rights of indigenous peoples in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WSF seeks UN's intervention over 'unjust' CAA legislation |url=https://morungexpress.com/wsf-seeks-uns-intervention-over-unjust-caa-legislation |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Morung Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why is India's Citizenship Amendment Act so controversial? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/12/why-is-indias-citizenship-amendment-act-so-controversial |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>

In light of the opposition to the CAA in Northeast India, there have been calls for the [[Indian government]] to exclude the entire region from the purview of the legislation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NESO and NSF stages protest against CAA |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/neso-and-nsf-stages-protest-against-caa/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Nagaland Tribune|date=12 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam student body protests against CAA implementation, seeks ILP for state |url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2024/01/30/assam-student-body-protests-against-caa-implementation-seeks-ilp-for-state/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Nagaland Post}}</ref>

Moreover, Assam's [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR)]], [[Dima Hasao]], [[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]] and [[East Karbi Anglong district|East Karbi Anglong]] Districts, which comprise about 35% of the total state area, fall under the [[Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India]]. The remaining area does not come under the Sixth Schedule and is not exempted from the Citizenship Amendment Act.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretary (ER), Shri Dammu Ravi met H.E. Mr. Patrick Ole Ntutu, Governor of Narok County of Kenya in Nairobi |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/ |access-date=2024-04-22}}</ref> On March 11, 2024, [[All Assam Students Union]] Chief Advisor Samujjal Bhattacharya, while agitating against the CAA, raised a question to the [[Assam Government]]: 'How is it beneficial for [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]] and [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]] if it is wrong for [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]] and [[Karbi Anglong]] in Assam?'<ref>{{Cite web |title=AASU to intensify stir against CAA after Centre's notification |url=https://morungexpress.com/aasu-to-intensify-stir-against-caa-after-centres-notification |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref> On April 6, 2015, the [[Government of India]] planned to grant [[Scheduled Tribe]] status to six indigenous Assamese communities: [[Ahom people|Ahoms]], [[Rajbanshi people|Koch-Rajbongshis]], [[Tea-garden community|Tea tribes]], [[Moran people|Morans]], [[Matak rajya|Motaks]], and [[Chutia people|Chutiyas]]. These six communities account for roughly 60% of the state's population.<ref name="ST status for 6 Assam tribes soon">{{Cite news |date=2015-04-06 |title=ST status for 6 Assam tribes soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/st-status-for-6-assam-tribes-soon/articleshow/46816676.cms |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> If the bill is passed someday, [[Assam]] will eventually become a tribal-majority state with [[Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Sixth Schedule]] status applied to the entire state, thus leading to the full exemption of the Citizenship Amendment Act, preventing further future [[Illegal immigration to India|Illegal Immigration]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narendra Modi may turn Assam into a tribal state |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/narendra-modi-assam-elections-tribals-scheduled-tribes-325858-2016-05-27 |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=India Today |date=27 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Ministry]] is in touch with the tribal affairs department to consider the proposal but has not yet introduced any Constitutional Amendment Bill for it. According to the 2011 Census, Tribals constitute 12.8% of the state population.<ref name="ST status for 6 Assam tribes soon"/> Various organizations in Assam, such as the [[Assam Jatiya Parishad|Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuba Chatra Parishad]] (AJYCP), have demanded the implementation of an [[Inner Line Permit]] system to protect and prevent the state from further illegal immigrants.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-08 |title=AJYCP seeks ILP in Assam and repeal of CAA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/ajycp-demands-ilp-in-assam-and-repeal-of-caa/articleshow/108313781.cms |access-date=2024-04-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Initiation of Granting Citizenship under CAA ===
On May 15, 2024, the first set of citizenship certificates were issued to 14 migrants under the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), nearly two months after the Centre notified it, initiating the process of granting Indian nationality to migrant applicants under the CAA.<ref name=NDTV15May/><ref name=IT15May/> [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Central Home Secretary]] Ajay Kumar Bhalla handed over the citizenship certificates to the 14 applicants in Delhi, after their applications were processed online.<ref name=NDTV15May/> Over 350 people were granted Indian citizenship online (digitally signed certificates through email), with Amit Shah acknowledging 25,000+ pending applications, where the processing involves the Election Commission of India (ECI) and district-level committees (DLC) chaired by senior superintendents.<ref name=ET15May/><ref name=IE15May>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mha-issues-first-set-of-citizenship-certificates-under-caa-to-14-persons-9330637/ |title=Centre hands over first set of CAA certificates to 14 applicants |newspaper=Indian Express |date=15 May 2024 |access-date= 15 May 2024|quote="The first set of citizenship certificates after notification of Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024 were issued today"}}</ref>

After receiving Indian citizenship, there were celebrations at the Hindu [[refugee]] camp in [[Delhi]]'s Adarsh Nagar as several family members received their citizenship certificates after many years of living with temporary status, since they left [[Pakistan]].<ref name=IE16May/> Similarly, Pakistani Hindu refugees living in north Delhi's "Majnu ka Tila" expressed hopes for a better future, and some people who received their citizenship hailed it as the first day of their "new life" in India.<ref name=TH16May/>

== See also ==
* [[Illegal immigration to India]]
* [[Indian nationality law]]
* [[National Register of Citizens]]
* [[Refugees in India]]
* [[The Foreigners Act, 1946]]
* [[Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act, 1983]]
* [[Assam Accord]] (1985)
* [[1971 Bangladesh genocide]]
* [[Religious discrimination in Pakistan]]
* [[Communalism (South Asia)]]

== Sources ==

===Notes===
{{notelist|colwidth=30em}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation |title=Universal's The Citizenship Act, 1955 |publisher=Universal Law Publishing Co. |year=2004 |url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/410520784.pdf |via=United Nations High Commission for Refugees |ref={{sfnref|Universal's The Citizenship Act, 1955|2004}}}}
* {{citation |first1=Pushpita |last1=Das |title=Illegal Migration From Bangladesh: Deportation, Border Fences and Work Permits |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-82169-69-7 |url=https://idsa.in/system/files/monograph/monograph56.pdf}}
* {{citation |last1=Gillan |first1=Michael |title=Refugees or infiltrators? The Bharatiya Janata Party and "illegal" migration from Bangladesh |journal=Asian Studies Review |volume=26 |issue=1 |year=2007 |pages=73–95 |issn=1035-7823 |doi=10.1080/10357820208713331|s2cid=146522066 }}
* {{citation |last1=Jayal |first1=Niraja Gopal |title=Citizenship and its Discontents: An Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzrWuTtBfKEC |year=2013 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-06758-5 |ref={{sfnref |Jayal, Citizenship and its Discontents |2013}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Jayal |first1=Niraja Gopal |title=Reconfiguring Citizenship in Contemporary India |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=42 |issue=1 |year=2019 |pages=33–50 |issn=0085-6401 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874|s2cid=151037291 |doi-access=free }}
* {{citation |first1=Kanchan |last1=Gupta |title=Beyond the poll rhetoric of BJP's contentious Citizenship Amendment Bill |newspaper=Orf |publisher=Observer Research Foundation |year=2019 |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/beyond-poll-rhetoric-bjps-contentious-citizenship-amendment-bill-50499/}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kudaisya |first1=Gyanesh |title=Divided Landscapes, Fragmented Identities: East Bengal Refugees and Their Rehabilitation in India, 1947–79 |journal=Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography |volume=17 |issue=1 |year=2006 |pages=24–39 |issn=0129-7619 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00082.x}}
* {{citation |first1=Tetsuya |last1=Nakatani |title=Away from Home: The Movement and Settlement of Refugees from East Pakistan in West Bengal, India |journal=Journal of the Japanese Association for South Asian Studies |volume=2000|issue=12 |year=2000 |doi=10.11384/jjasas1989.2000.73 |pages=73–109 }}
* {{citation |last1=Poddar |first1=Mihika |title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016: international law on religion-based discrimination and naturalisation law |journal=Indian Law Review |volume=2 |issue=1 |year=2018 |pages=108–118 |doi=10.1080/24730580.2018.1512290|s2cid=158325181 }}
* {{citation |last1=Ranjan |first1=Amit |title=National Register of Citizen Update: History and its impact |journal=Asian Ethnicity |year=2019 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1080/14631369.2019.1629274|s2cid=198727392 }}
* {{citation |last1=Roy |first1=Anupama |title=Mapping Citizenship in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoAyDwAAQBAJ |year=2010 |publisher=OUP India |isbn=978-0-19-908820-1}}
* {{citation |last1=Roy |first1=Anupama |title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 and the Aporia of Citizenship |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=54 |number=49 |date=14 December 2019 |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2019/49/perspectives/citizenship-amendment-bill-2016-and-aporia.html}}
* {{citation |last1=Roy |first1=Haimanti |title=Partitioned Lives: Migrants, Refugees, Citizens in India and Pakistan, 1947–65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvqfuAAACAAJ |year=2013 |publisher=OUP India |isbn=978-0-19-808177-7 }}
* {{citation |last1=Sadiq |first1=Kamal |title=Paper Citizens: How Illegal Immigrants Acquire Citizenship in Developing Countries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDa6LrF1yCIC&pg=PA140 |year=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-970780-5 |ref={{sfnref|Sadiq, Paper Citizens|2008}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Sarker |first1=Shuvro Prosun |title=Refugee Law in India: The Road from Ambiguity to Protection |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D0UwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA196 |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-4807-4}}
* {{citation |last1=Sen |first1=Uditi |title=Citizen Refugee: Forging the Indian Nation after Partition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vAtmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA260 |year=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-42561-2}}
* {{citation |last1=Shamshad |first1=Rizwana |title=Bangladeshi Migrants in India: Foreigners, Refugees, or Infiltrators? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9789DwAAQBAJ |year=2017 |publisher=OUP India |isbn=978-0-19-909159-1}}
* {{citation |last1=Sharma |first1=Chetna |title=Citizenship Amendment Bill 2016: Continuities and contestations with special reference to politics in Assam, India |journal=Asian Ethnicity |volume=20 |issue=4 |year=2019 |pages=522–540 |doi=10.1080/14631369.2019.1601993|s2cid=150837053 }}
* {{citation |last1=Sinharay |first1=Praskanva |title=To Be a Hindu Citizen: Politics of Dalit Migrants in Contemporary West Bengal |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=42 |issue=2 |year=2019 |pages=359–374 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2019.1581696|s2cid=150566285 }}
* {{citation |first1=Myron |last1=Weiner |title=The Political Demography of Assam's Anti-Immigrant Movement |journal=Population and Development Review |volume=9 |pages=279–292 |number=2 |date=June 1983 |publisher=Population Council |jstor=1973053|doi=10.2307/1973053 }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web|url=http://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-citizenship-amendment-bill-2016-4348|title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 – Highlights and Summary|website=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}
* {{cite web|url=https://onelawstreet.com/constitutionality-of-citizenship-amendment-act-2019/|title=Constitutionality of Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 (Timeline of hearing before the Supreme Court of India)|website=One Law Street|date=16 April 2020}}
* {{cite journal|url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=3665733|last=Malik|first=Shahnawaz Ahmed|title=Future of Citizenship Laws in India With Special Reference to Implementation of NRC in Assam|date=21 July 2020|journal=[[Journal of Legal Studies and Research]]|volume=6|issue=4|issn=2455-2437|ssrn=3665733}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource|Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019}}
* {{citation|url=https://indiancitizenshiponline.nic.in/UserGuide/E-gazette_2019_20122019.pdf|title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|date=2019}}
* {{citation|url=https://onelawstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Citizenship-Amendment-Act-2019-notified.pdf|title=Notification of The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|website=The Gazette of India|date=10 January 2020|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224140311/https://onelawstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Citizenship-Amendment-Act-2019-notified.pdf|url-status=dead}}.
* {{citation|url=https://www.hrln.org/admin/issue/subpdf/Refugee_populations_in_India.pdf|title=Report of Refugee Populations in India|website=Human Rights Law Network|date=2007k|access-date=18 December 2019|archive-date=8 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108222253/https://www.hrln.org/admin/issue/subpdf/Refugee_populations_in_India.pdf|url-status=dead}}.
* {{citation|url=https://indianfrro.gov.in/frro/Notifications_dated_7.9.2015.pdf|title=Passport (Entry into India) Amendment Rules, 2015 and Foreigners (Amendment) Order, 2015|website=The Gazette of India|pages=No. 553|date=8 September 2015}}.
* {{citation|url=http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship_%28A%29_bill%2C_2016_0.pdf|title=Citizenship (Amendment) Bill as introduced in Lok Sabha, 2016|website=PRS Legislative Research, 2016|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114153720/http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship_%28A%29_bill%2C_2016_0.pdf|url-status=dead}}.
* {{citation|url=http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Joint%20committee%20report%20on%20citizenship%20%28A%29%20bill.pdf|title=Report of the Joint Parliament Committee|website=Lok Sabha Secretariat, 2019 (via PRS Legislative Research|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124163747/http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Joint%20committee%20report%20on%20citizenship%20%28A%29%20bill.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{citation|url=http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf|title=Citizenship (Amendment) Bill as introduced in Lok Sabha, 2019|website=PRS Legislative Research|date=2019|access-date=11 December 2019|archive-date=12 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212091630/http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf|url-status=dead}}.
* {{citation|url=http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%20%28A%29%20Bill%2C%202019%20as%20passed%20by%20LS.pdf|title=Citizenship (Amendment) Bill as passed by the Lok Sabha, 2019|website=PRS Legislative Research|date=2019|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121101133/http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%20%28A%29%20Bill%2C%202019%20as%20passed%20by%20LS.pdf|url-status=dead}}.
{{Citizenship Amendment Act protests}}

[[Category:Citizenship Amendment Act protests]]
[[Category:Immigration legislation]]
[[Category:Illegal immigration to India]]
[[Category:Immigration to India]]
[[Category:Indian nationality law]]
[[Category:Islamophobia in India]]
[[Category:Religious discrimination in India]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2019]]
[[Category:Democratic backsliding in India]]
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]

Donigal

2026-03-22T17:17:54Z

Saurabh: starting initial post needs work

{{Short description|Village in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
'''Donigal''' is a village in [[Hassan district]] of [[Karnataka]] state, India. Donigal village is nestled in the [[Western Ghats]] forests of India. The National Highway 75 connecting [[ Mangaluru]] to Saleshapura passes through this village.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/coffee-plantations-covered-by-heaps-of-soil-at-donigal/article65757849.ece|title=Coffee plantations covered by heaps of soil at Donigal|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en|date=11 August 2022|access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=979480|title=Puttur: Shiradi ghat landslide – Vehicular movement prohibited completely|publisher=Daiji world|access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> There is a railway station at Donigal on [[Mangalore-Hassan-Mysore line]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mangaloretoday.com/mainnewsprint/Landslides-along-M-luru-B-luru-rail-track-a-major-hazard.html|title=Landslides along Mluru-Bluru rail track a major hazard|publisher=Mangalore today|access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|12|55|06|N|75|45|18|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city}}

[[Category:Villages in Hassan district]]

{{HassanIN-geo-stub}}

Nandi Awards

2026-03-19T11:24:07Z

Saurabh:

{{Short description|Annual award in Telugu cinema and television (1964–2016)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2020}}

{{Infobox award
|name = Nandi Awards
|current_awards = Nandi Awards of 2016
|image = NandiAwards.jpg
|caption =
|awarded_for = Excellence in cinematic achievements for 
[[Telugu cinema]] [[Telugu theatre]] [[Television Programme|Telugu television]]
|presenter = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ragalahari.com/news/3238/government-announces-nandi-awards-committee-members.aspx|title=Government announces Nandi Awards committee members|publisher=Ragalahari.com|date=23 December 2007|access-date=13 October 2012|archive-date=4 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304014909/http://www.ragalahari.com/news/3238/government-announces-nandi-awards-committee-members.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nandi-awards-2012-and-2013-rajamouli-ilayaraja-samantha-and-prabhas-emerge-winners-4549659/|title=Nandi Awards 2012 and 2013: Rajamouli, Ilayaraja, Samantha and Prabhas emerge winners|date=1 March 2017}}</ref>
|sponsor = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
|country = India
|year = 2010
|year2 = 2016
|website = {{URL|https://www.apsftvtdc.in/nandi-awards.html|apsftvtdc.in/nandi-awards}}
|status=Active
|established=1964
|firstawarded=1964
|lastawarded=2016
}}

The '''Nandi Awards''' are annual awards presented by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] to recognise excellence in [[Telugu cinema]], [[Telugu theatre|theatre]], and television, as well as lifetime achievements in [[Indian cinema]]. The awards were named after the [[Monolithic Bull, Andhra Pradesh|monolithic sculpture]] of the sacred bull in Hinduism, [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]], at [[Lepakshi]], a cultural and historical symbol of the [[Telugu people]].

The Nandi Awards were categorised into four levels: Swarnam (Gold), Rajatam (Silver), Kamsyam (Bronze), and Raagi (Copper). In addition to film and television awards, the government also presented the Nandi Natakotsavam Awards to honour outstanding contributions in social, mythological, and poetic dramas in Telugu theatre.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=13 October 2012 |title=2011 Nandi Awards winners list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/2011-Nandi-Awards-winners-list/articleshow/16797289.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627090518/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/news-interviews/34430644_1_sri-rama-rajyam-dookudu-jai-bolo-telangana |archive-date=27 June 2013 |access-date=13 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=TNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2010 |title=ETV, SVBC, DD sweep Nandi awards |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/11/stories/2010111158730400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530134847/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/11/stories/2010111158730400.htm |archive-date=30 May 2013 |access-date=13 October 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>{{Nandi Awards}}

== History ==
The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] commissioned the Nandi Film Awards to recognise and commend the best films produced in the Telugu language in Andhra Pradesh from 1964 onwards. The objective of the film awards is to encourage the production of films in the Telugu language with high technical excellence and aesthetic values bearing cultural, educational, and social relevance and also promoting the integration and unity of the nation. Awards were given annually and were presented in a public event on [[Ugadi]], Telugu New Year Day. The Government had transferred the activity relating to conferring Nandi Awards to the Film Television and Theatre Development Corporation. Since 1998, the awards have been organised by them.

The Awards were given in the categories of feature films, feature films on national integration, children's films, documentary films, educational films, and books/articles on Telugu cinema in Telugu language for the best films, producers, directors, artistes, and technicians. The awards were usually in the form of ''Golden Nandi'', ''Silver Nandi'', ''Bronze Nandi'', and ''Copper Nandi'', in addition to medals, and commendation certificates.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020 | language=Telugu}}</ref>

== Selection criteria ==
Annually, a state panel appointed by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] selected the winning entries and the [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] presented the awards at the public ceremony. A list of rules was presented every year in a document of regulations. The criteria for eligibility included many clauses. Among them is a direct requirement that the film, and particularly the feature films entering the competition, should be produced in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and in the case of co-production involving a foreign entity, there were as many conditions which should be fulfilled in order for the film to qualify.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 November 2006|title=Front Page: Nandi awards for 2005 announced|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/12/stories/2006111217510100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061203043043/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/12/stories/2006111217510100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=13 October 2012}}</ref>

In order to be eligible for consideration of the jury, a film should have been certified by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] between 1 January and 31 December. The Government did not have influence over which films are selected for consideration and which films ultimately win the award. However, there were strict criteria which determined whether a film was eligible for consideration by the jury panels.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 June 2004|title=Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News: Nandi Natakotsavam from June 19|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/17/stories/2004061713090300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804010734/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/17/stories/2004061713090300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=13 October 2012}}</ref>

== Honorary Awards – Gold ==

=== Raghupathi Venkaiah Award ===
{{Main|Raghupathi Venkaiah Award}}
The award is named after [[Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu]], and presented annually to "an eminent film personality for his outstanding contribution to [[Telugu cinema]]." (since 1980).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Raghupathi Venkaiah Awardees |url=https://www.apsftvtdc.in/raghupathi-Venkaiah-Awardees.html |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref>

=== NTR National Award ===
{{Main|NTR National Award}}

The NTR National Award is named in the memory of former chief minister and actor [[N. T. Rama Rao]], and is presented to "an eminent film personality every year for outstanding contribution to the growth and development of Indian Cinema." (since 1996).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=N.T.R. NATIONAL FILM AWARDEES|url=https://www.apsftvtdc.in/ntr-national-film-award.html|website=APSFTVTDC|access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref>

=== BN Reddy National Award ===
The award is named after director [[B. N. Reddy]] and is presented to "an eminent film director for outstanding contribution to the growth and development of the Indian Cinema," annually from 2009. The awardee receives a cash price of {{Indian Rupee}}2 [[lakh]], a special memento, citation and shawl.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=B N REDDY NATIONAL FILM AWARDEES|url=https://www.apsftvtdc.in/bn-reddy-national-film-award.html|website=APSFTVTDC|access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref>
* 2008: [[K. B. Tilak]] (director and producer)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/17/stories/2010031761470100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323003638/http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/17/stories/2010031761470100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2010|title= Nandi Award for Ravi Teja, Swati |date=17 March 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=22 March 2010}}</ref>
* 2009: [[Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao|K. Raghavendra Rao]] (film director){{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}
* 2011: [[Shyam Benegal]] (film director)<ref name=autogenerated1>[[Eenadu]] daily, Eeenadu Cinema, Page 10, Nandi lifetime achievement awards, retrieved, 24 March 2013.</ref>
* 2012: [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]] (director and producer)<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=5 April 2017 |title=S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, Hema Malini bag NTR awards |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/spb-hema-malini-bag-ntr-awards/article17821614.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* 2013: [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]] (director)<ref name="auto1" />
* 2014: [[S. S. Rajamouli]] (director)
* 2015: [[Trivikram Srinivas]] (director)
* 2016: [[Boyapati Srinu]] (director)<ref>[https://www.chitramala.in/nandi-awards-winners-list-2014-2015-2016-255062.htmlNandi Awards Winners List For 2014, 2015 and 2016]{{dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

=== Nagireddy–Chakrapani National Award ===
Named after filmmakers, [[Nagi Reddi]] and [[Chakrapani (filmmaker)|Chakrapani]], the award is presented annually since 2009 to "an eminent film producer or writer or technician or infrastructure provider to the film industry for outstanding growth and development of Indian cinema every year." The awardee receives a cash price of {{Indian Rupee}}2 [[lakh]], a special memento, citation and shawl.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=NAGIREDDY & CHAKRAPANI NATIONAL FILM AWARDEES|url=https://www.apsftvtdc.in/nagireddy-chakrapani-national-film-award.html|access-date=3 January 2021|website=APSFTVTDC}}</ref>
* 2008: [[Akkineni Ramesh Prasad]] – (film producer)
* 2009: [[Ramoji Rao]] – (film producer)
* 2010: [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] and Balasubramanian
* 2011: G. Adiseshagiri Rao – (film producer)<ref name="autogenerated1" />
* 2012: [[Daggubati Suresh Babu]] – (film producer)<ref name="auto1" />
* 2013: [[Dil Raju]] – (film producer)<ref name="auto1" />
* 2014: R. Narayan Reddy (producer)
* 2015: [[M. M. Keeravani]] (music director)
* 2016: [[K. S. Rama Rao]] (producer)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/13-nandi-awards-for-baahubali/articleshow/61655551.cms|title=Andhra Pradesh government announces Nandi awards for 2014–2016}}</ref>

== Gold ==
* [[List of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Films]] – Gold, Silver and Bronze: since 1964
* [[Sarojini Devi Award for a Film on National Integration]]: since 1983
* [[Nandi Award for Best Children Film|Best Children Films]] – Gold and Silver: since 1978
* [[Nandi Award for Best Documentary Film|Best Documentary Films]] – Gold and Silver: since 1968
* [[Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film|Best Popular Feature Film]]: since 2005

== Silver ==
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]: since 1977
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]: since 1977
* [[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]]: since 1981
* [[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film]]: since 1991
* [[Nandi Award for Best Educational Film|Best Educational Film]]: since 1981

== Copper ==

* [[Nandi Award for Best Story Writer|Best Story Writer]]: since 1965

* [[Nandi Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]]: since 1977
* [[Nandi Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]: since 1977
* [[Nandi Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]: since 1977
* [[Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]: since 1977
* [[Nandi Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]: since 1977
* [[Nandi Award for Best Child Actress|Best Child Actress]]: since 1977
* [[Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer|Best Screenplay Writer]]: since 1978
* [[Nandi Award for Best First Film of a Director|Best First Film of a Director]]: since 1981

* [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]: since 1981
* [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]: since 1981
* [[Nandi Award for Best Audiographer|Best Audiographer]]: since 1981
* [[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]]: since 1981
* [[Nandi Award for Best Child Actor|Best Child Actor]]: since 1981
* [[Nandi Award for Best Editor|Best Editor]]: since 1981
* [[Nandi Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]]: 1981
* [[Nandi Award for Best Makeup Artist|Best Makeup Artist]]: since 1981
* [[Nandi Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]]: since 1983
* [[Nandi Award for Best Male Comedian|Best Male Comedian]]: since 1985
* [[Nandi Award for Best Choreographer|Best Choreographer]]: since 1985
* [[Nandi Award for Best Villain|Best Villain]]: since 1985
* [[Nandi Award for Best Costume Designer|Best Costume Designer]]: since 1985
* [[Nandi Award for Best Character Actor|Best Character Actor]]: since 1994
* [[Nandi Award for Best Character Actress|Best Character Actress]]: since 1994
* [[Nandi Award for Best Book on Telugu Cinema|Best Book on Telugu Cinema]]: since 1995
* [[Nandi Award for Best Film Critic|Best Film Critic on Telugu Cinema]]: since 1995
* [[Nandi Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist|Best Male Dubbing Artist]]: since 1997
* [[Nandi Award for Best Female Dubbing Artist|Best Female Dubbing Artist]]: since 1997
* [[Nandi Award for Best Female Comedian|Best Female Comedian]]: since 1999
* [[Nandi Award for Best Fight Master|Best Fight Master]]: since 1999
* [[Nandi Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]: since 2005

== Nandi Award for Best Educational Film ==
Since 1981, a Nandi Award for Best Educational Film has been attributed, although it was not awarded even year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi awards 2009 announced - Telugu cinema news |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2009.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Winner
|-
|2009
|Vimukti
|
|-
|2008
|Adavi Naa Thalliro
|Alla Rambabu
|-
|2007
|Good Bad Ugly
|Magapu Suryakamala
|-
|2005
|Blue
|T. Sulthan
|-
|2000
|Madhura Kshanam (Aid for AIDS)
|Alla Rambabu
|-
|1990
|Dhanalakshmi Kataksham
|
|-
|1986
|''Keetakalu Prakruthi Yokka Adbutha Vara Prasadam''
|
|-
|1985
|Bhoosara Pariksha
|K. S. Ch. Bose
|-
|1984
|Polio
|K. S. Ch. Bose
|-
|1981
|Manchineeti Saraphara
|''C. D. Kishore''
|}

==See also==
* [[Telangana Gaddar Film Awards]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Television Awards in India|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Nandi Awards| ]]
[[Category:Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Entertainment in India]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1964]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian film awards]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh awards]]

Shyam Bihari Agrawal

2026-03-15T04:38:44Z

Saurabh: creating a info nd citations

{{Infobox person
| name = Shyam Bihari Agrawal
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1942
| birth_place = Sirsa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| occupation = Artist, writer, art Historian
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2025) Indu Rakshita Award (1965)
| education = Government College of Art and Craft, Kolkata
| alma_mater = [[University of Allahabad]]
| employer = {{plainlist|
* [[University of Allahabad|Allahabad University]] (retired)
* [[Prayag Sangeet Samiti]] (Dean)
}}
}}

'''Shyam Bihari Agrawal''' is an Indian artist, writer, and former academic from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news |title=इविवि के शिक्षक रहे डॉ. श्याम बिहारी को मिला पद्म श्री |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/prayagraj/story-dr-shyam-bihari-agarwal-selected-for-padma-shri-award-for-contributions-to-art-and-education-201737957349397.html |work=Livehindustan}}</ref> In 2025, he was honoured with the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]] for his contributions to the field of arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Shri Award: संगम नगरी के लिए गौरव का क्षण, डॉ. श्याम बिहारी अग्रवाल पद्मश्री से सम्मानित - Padma Shri Award A moment of pride for prayagraj Doctor Shyam Bihari Aggarwal honored with Padma Shri |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/prayagraj-padma-shri-award-a-moment-of-pride-for-prayagraj-doctor-shyam-bihari-aggarwal-honored-with-padma-shri-23873318.html |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Agrawal was born in 1942 in Sirsa. [[Prayagraj]] (formerly Allahabad), [[Uttar Pradesh]]. After completing his early education locally, he earned a five-year postgraduate diploma from the [[Government College of Art and Craft]], Kolkata, which he completed on 4 January 1968. He was mentored by painter [[Kshitindranath Mazumdar]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=April 29, 2025 |title=Four from UP among Padma Shri awardees |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/four-from-up-among-padma-shri-awardees-101745868905746.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com |work=Hindustantimes}}</ref>

In 1979, he received a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (D.Phil.) degree from [[University of Allahabad]] for his dissertation titled ''“Bharatiya Chitrakala Mein Reetikaleen Sahitya Ki Abivyakti”,'' which explored how classical Hindi literature is reflected in Indian painting.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Agrawal began his academic career in 1968 as a lecturer in the Department of Painting at [[University of Allahabad|Allahabad University]]. He taught there for 35 years before retiring in 2003. After retirement, he joined [[Prayag Sangeet Samiti]] in Prayagraj where he established the Faculty of Visual Arts and served as Dean. He was also a visiting professor at [[Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya]] in [[Khairagarh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Rajiv |date=2025-01-26 |title=Former Allahabad University professor among Padam awardees this year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/former-allahabad-university-professor-among-padam-awardees-this-year/articleshow/117573200.cms |access-date=2025-06-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=हर्षवर्धन नगर में बाल पुस्तकालय ‘महकने दो का शुभारंभ |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/prayagraj/story-tribute-to-padma-shri-dr-surendra-dubey-a-loss-for-poetry-community-in-prayagraj-201751002954837.html |work=Livehindustan}}</ref>

Throughout his career, he participated in art workshops and seminars organized by institutions including [[Lalit Kala Akademi]] and various museums and universities. He was nominated as a member of the State Academy of Fine Arts in Lucknow, where he contributed to art education and edited the academy’s publication ''Kala Trimasik.'' He also wrote a monograph on [[Kshitindranath Mazumdar]], which was published by the academy.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-29 |title=Padma Awards 2025: यूपी से हृदय नारायण, आचार्य गणेश्वर, श्याम बिहारी व सत्यपाल को पद्मश्री |url=https://www.patrika.com/lucknow-news/padma-awards-2025-hriday-narayan-acharya-ganeshwar-shyam-bihari-and-satyapal-from-up-get-padma-shri-19561862 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>

Agrawal has served on academic and research committees of universities such as [[Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya]] and [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University|Kanpur University]].<ref name=":0" />

== Awards and recognition ==
Agarwal received the Indu Rakshita Award in 1965 for his painting ''Veni Gunthan'' in the Mewar style,<ref name=":1" /> and was honoured with the [[Padma Shri]] in 2025 in the Arts category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prayagraj News: पद्मश्री प्रो. श्याम बिहारी के नाम पर होगी चक गली |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/chak-gali-will-be-named-after-padma-shri-prof-shyam-bihari-allahabad-news-c-3-ald1022-612607-2025-05-01 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agrawal, Shyam Bihari}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]

Meena

2026-03-08T15:01:37Z

Saurabh: fix formatting after review and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Ethnic group in western India}}
{{about|the Meena tribe of India}}
{{pp-protect|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
| group = Meena
| image = EMuseumPlus (2).jpg
| image_caption = 1888 picture of Meenas
| image_alt =
| image_size =
| total = 5 million
| total_ref = <ref name=BBC>{{cite news |first=Ravi |last=Prakash |title=क्या आदिवासियों को मिल पाएगा उनका अलग धर्म कोड, झारखंड का प्रस्ताव अब मोदी सरकार के पास|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-54975388|date=2020-11-18|language=Hindi|place=[[Ranchi]]|publisher=[[BBC Hindi]]|access-date=2022-02-18}}</ref>
| total_year = [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]]
| popplace = India
| languages = [[Hindi]], [[Mewari language|Mewari]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Dhundari language|Dhundari]], [[Harauti language|Harauti]], [[Mewati language|Mewati]], [[Wagdi language|Wagdi]], [[Malvi language|Malvi]], [[Bhili language|Bhili]] etc.<ref>The assignment of an ISO code [myi] for the Meena language was spurious (Hammarström (2015) ''Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices''). The code was retired in 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Sociological Evaluation of the Major Government Schemes Meant for Promoting Education and Health among The Members of the Meena Tribe in Rajasthan |url=http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/upoadreserchpapers/3/96/1604130649531st%20s.s.%20charana%20.............pdf}}</ref>
| genealogy =
| religions = [[Hinduism]] (99.7%), others (0.14%)<ref name=jos>{{cite web|title=Meena in India|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/13723/in|website=Joshua Project|access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
| related = {{•}} [[Bhil]] {{•}} [[Parihar (clan)|Parihar]] {{•}} [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]]
}}

'''Meena''' ({{IPA|hns|miːɳa|pron}}) is a tribe from northern and western [[India]] which is sometimes considered a sub-group of the [[Bhil]] community.<ref name="Googlebook2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAE1UqAo3GoC&dq=meena+as+scheduled++tribe&pg=PA41 | title=Human Rights and Legal Pluralism | publisher=[[LIT Verlag]] [[Münster]] | work=Social Science › General | date=2011 | accessdate=8 October 2014 | first=Yüksel | last=Sezgin | pages=41 | isbn=9783643999054 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012005234/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=HAE1UqAo3GoC&pg=PA41&dq=meena+as+scheduled++tribe&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NTc0VLuNLIGNuAT6sIGYCg&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=meena%20as%20scheduled%20%20tribe&f=false | archive-date=12 October 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Googlebook3">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMffCgAAQBAJ&dq=Meena+tribe&pg=PA166 |title=Emerging Trends in Indian Politics| publisher=Taylor & Francis| year=2013| first=Govinda Chandra | last=Rath | pages=166 | isbn= 9781136198557}}</ref> They got the status of [[Scheduled Tribe]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1954.<ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news |title=आखिर क्यों भड़कते हैं आरक्षण के आंदोलन {{!}} DW {{!}} 12.02.2019 |url=https://www.dw.com/hi/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8/a-47474059 |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=Deutsche Welle |language=hi}}</ref>

== Ethnography ==
[[File:Mina caste man in 1898.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Mina caste man in 1898]]

The Meenas were originally a [[nomadic tribe]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mina|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mina-South-Asian-people}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Culture of India | date=15 August 2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c8PJFLeURhsC |page=36| publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group | isbn=9781615301492 }}</ref> They were described as a semi-wild and [[hill tribe]] similar to the [[Bhils]].<ref name="Kapur 2007 131">{{cite book |chapter=The Minas: Seeking a Place in History |first=Nandini Sinha |last=Kapur |title=The Social and the Symbolic |editor-first=Bernard |editor-last=Bel |publisher=Sage |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-76193-446-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGfjUNxrlckC&pg=PA131 |page=131}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]] in India, the British Government classified them as a "criminal tribe" under the [[Criminal Tribes Act]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Crime, Liberalism and Empire: Governing the Mina Tribe of Northern India|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240702060}}</ref> Presently they are described as a [[Scheduled Tribe]] by the [[Indian Government]].<ref name=list>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SC/ST/ST%20Lists.pdf |title=List of notified Scheduled Tribes |publisher=Census India |access-date=18 February 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107225208/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |archive-date=7 November 2013 }}</ref>

== Geography ==
Currently, they are present in the states of [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Punjab]] and [[Haryana]] and the [[Union Territory of Delhi]] in [[India]].<ref name=list>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SC/ST/ST%20Lists.pdf |title=List of notified Scheduled Tribes |publisher=Census India |access-date=18 February 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107225208/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |archive-date=7 November 2013 }}</ref>

== History ==

=== Origin ===
[[File:Minas.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Minas]]

The Meenas claim a mythological descent from the [[Matsya]] avatar, or fish incarnation, of [[Vishnu]].<ref name="Kapur May 2008">{{cite journal | title= Reconstructing Identities and Situating Themselves in History : A Preliminary Note on the Meenas of Jaipur Locality | last= Kapur | first= Nandini Sinha | journal=Indian Historical Review |volume=27 |issue=1 |year=2000 | pages= 29–43 | df= dmy-all |doi=10.1177/037698360002700103 | s2cid= 141602938 |quote=the entire community claims descent from the Matsya (fish) incarnation of Vishnu}}</ref> They also claim to be descendants of the people of the Matsya Kingdom, which flourished in the 6th century B.C.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qxxnZ4XxUbsC&pg=PA12 |title=Tribal and Indigenous People of India: Problems and Prospects |publisher=APH Publishing |year=2002 |first1=Rabindra Nath |last1=Pati |first2=Jagannatha |last2=Dash |page=12 |isbn=978-8-17648-322-3}}</ref> The historian Pramod Kumar notes that it is likely that the tribes living in the ancient Matsya kingdom were called Meena but it cannot be said with certainty that there is anything common between them and the modern Meenas. They are considered to be [[adivasi]] (aboriginal people).<ref name="Pramod_1984"/>

Nandini Sinha Kapur, a historian who has studied early India, notes that the oral traditions of the Meenas were developed from the early 19th century AD in an attempt to reconstruct their identity. She says of this process, which continued throughout the 20th century, that "The Minas try to furnish themselves a respectable present by giving themselves a ''glorious past''". In common with the people of countries such as [[Finland]] and [[Scotland]], the Meenas found it necessary to invent tradition through oral accounts, one of the primary uses of which is recognised by both historians and sociologists as being "social protest against injustices, exploitation and oppression, a ''raison d'être'' that helps to retrieve the image of a community." Kapur notes that the Meenas not merely lack a recorded history of their own but also have been depicted in a negative manner both by medieval [[Persian Empire|Persian]] accounts and records of the colonial period. From medieval times through to the [[British Raj]], references to the Meenas describe them as violent, plundering criminals and an anti-social ethnic [[tribal]] group.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=The Minas: Seeking a Place in History |first=Nandini Sinha |last=Kapur |title=The Social and the Symbolic |editor-first=Bernard |editor-last=Bel |publisher=Sage |year=2007 |isbn=9780761934462 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGfjUNxrlckC&pg=PA129 |pages=129–131}}</ref>

According to Kapur, the Meenas also attempt [[Rajputization]] of themselves.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Social and the Symbolic: Volume II |year=2007 |pages=129–146 |publisher=[[SAGE publications|Sage]] |editor1-first=Bernard |editor1-last=Bel |editor2-first=Jan |editor2-last=Brouwer |editor3-first=Biswajit |editor3-last=Das |editor4-first=Vibodh |editor4-last=Parthasarathi |editor5-first=Guy |editor5-last=Poitevin |chapter=Minas Seeking a Place in History |first=Nandini Sinha |last=Kapur |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7yGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA129 |isbn=978-8132101178}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kothiyal |first=Tanuja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&q=tanuja+kothiyal+book |title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert |date=14 March 2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-08031-7 |pages=265 |language=en |quote=from gradual transformation of mobile pastoral and tribal groups into landed sedentary ones. The process of settlement involved both control over mobile resources through raids, battles and trade as well as channelizing of these resources into agrarian expansion. Kinship structures as well as marital and martial alliances were instrumental in this transformation. ... In the colonial ethnographic accounts rather than referring to Rajputs as having emerged from other communities, Bhils, Mers, Minas, Gujars, Jats, Raikas, all lay a claim to a Rajput past from where they claim to have 'fallen'. Historical processes, however, suggest just the opposite.}}</ref>

=== Rajput period ===
The Meenas ruled at certain places in Rajasthan until they were overpowered by the invading [[Rajput]]s. After the end of their rule, the Meenas made forests and hills their sanctuary and started fighting to reclaim their kingdom. One such example was the [[Kingdom of Amber]], Who had to face many wars to stop their struggle and later established peace by making treaty with conditionals.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian Princes and their States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC |publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=19| isbn=9781139449083 | last1=Ramusack | first1=Barbara N. | date=8 January 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Rima Hooja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A history of Rajasthan |year=2006|page=396| publisher=Rupa & Co. |isbn=9788129108906 |language=en |oclc=80362053}}</ref> From Meenas the [[Bundi]] was captured by Rao Dewa (A.D. 1342), [[Dhundhar]] by [[Kachhwaha]] Rajputs and Chopoli by the [[Muslim]] rulers. [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Jhalawar]], [[Karauli]] and [[Jalore]] were the other areas of earlier Meena influence where they were forced to surrender ultimately.<ref>{{cite book |last=Meena |first=Madan|title=Tribe-British Relations in India |chapter=Rulers, Criminals and Denotified Tribe: A Historical Journey of the Meenas|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-3424-6_17 |publisher=Springer Nature |year=2021 |pages=275–290 |doi=10.1007/978-981-16-3424-6_17|isbn=978-981-16-3423-9 |s2cid=240554356 }}</ref>

=== British colonial period ===
[[File:A Meena of Jajurh.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A Meena of Jajurh]]

The Raj colonial administration came into existence in 1858, following the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] which caused the government of Britain to decide that leaving colonial administration in the hands of the [[East India Company]] was a recipe for further discontent. In an attempt to create an orderly administration through a better understanding of the populace, the Raj authorities instituted various measures of classifying the people of India.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DmyVKwxmeyUC |title=In quest of Indian folktales: Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke |first=Sadhana |last=Naithani |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-253-34544-8 |access-date=2013-04-15}}</ref> One such measure was the [[Criminal Tribes Act]] of 1871, under the provisions of which Meenas were placed in the first list of the Act in 1872 in [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Caught in nostalgia: Artist Madan Meena's work inspired from 'The Thirsty Crow'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2022/oct/31/caught-in-nostalgia-artist-madan-meenas-work-inspired-from-the-the-thirsty-crow-2513439.html}}</ref> Another such measure was the [[Habitual Criminals Act]] of 1930, under whose provisions the Meenas were placed.<ref>{{cite book |first=Steven L. |last=Danver |year=2015 |title=Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vf4TBwAAQBAJ&dq=chaukidar+meena+in+criminal+tribes+act&pg=PA550 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=550|isbn=9781317464006 }}</ref> The community remained stigmatised for many years, notably by influential officials of the Raj such as [[Herbert Hope Risley]] and [[Denzil Ibbetson]], and were sometimes categorised as [[animist]]s and as a [[hill tribe]] similar to the [[Bhil]]s.<ref name="Kapur 2007 131"/> The Meenas remained an officially designated [[Denotified tribes of India|criminal tribe]] until 1952, three years after the Act had been repealed. Mark Brown has examined the impact and issues of the Meena community during British rule and the change in their status from being a higher social group to a criminal tribe.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Crime, Liberalism and Empire: Governing the Mina Tribe of Northern India |last=Brown |first=Mark |journal=Social and Legal Studies |year=2004 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=191–218 |doi=10.1177/0964663904042551 |s2cid=143535325 }}</ref>

=== Rebellion ===
In the 1840s, Meenas organized a huge movement in Jaipur under the leadership of Lakshminarayan Jharwal against the British rule, which was a Meena rebellion against the British government.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bajrange |first1=Dakxinkumar |last2=Gandee |first2=Sarah |last3=Gould |first3=William |year=2019 |title=Settling the Citizen, Settling the Nomad: 'Habitual offenders', rebellion, and civic consciousness in western India, 1938–1952 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=337–383 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X18000136|s2cid=56335179|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/144745/11/Gould%20Gandee%20Chhara%20CT%20Citizens%20-%20280218.pdf }}</ref>

=== Recent history ===
[[File:Meena.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Meena]]

[[Kumar Suresh Singh]] notes that the Meenas have not abandoned their [[customary law]]s<ref>{{cite book|title=Tribal Ethnography, Customary Law, and Change|isbn = 9788170224716|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4bW-_jEvXoC&dq=meena+tribe+on+Ethnography&pg=PA300|last1 = Singh|first1 = K. S. |author-link=Kumar Suresh Singh |year = 1993 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |page=300}}</ref> Meenas have better rights for women in many respects compared to many other Hindu castes.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Codified Hindu Law: Myth and Reality |last=Kishwar |first=Madhu |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=29 |issue=33 |date=13 August 1994 |pages=2145–2161 |jstor=4401625 }}</ref>

===Caste reservation===
[[File:Meenas, Hindoos of low caste, vagrants, Delhi (NYPL b13409080-1125443).jpg|thumb|250px|right|Meenas, Hindoos of low caste]]

The Meena fall into the [[Scheduled Tribe]] category in the state of [[Rajasthan]] and the majority of them are classified as being Hindu,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAE1UqAo3GoC&pg=PA41 |title=Human Rights and Legal Pluralism |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2011 |access-date=2014-10-08 |first=Yüksel |last=Sezgin |page=41 |isbn=978-3-64399-905-4}}</ref> but in [[Madhya Pradesh]] Meena are recognised as a Scheduled Tribe only in Sironj Tehsil, [[Vidisha]], while in the other 44 districts of the state they are categorised as [[Other Backward Classes]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58G8PPAN48cC&pg=PA35 |title=Awareness in Weaker Section: Perspective Development and Prospects |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1997 |access-date=2014-10-08 |first=Mahendra Lal |last=Patel |page=35 |isbn=978-8-17533-029-0}}</ref>

In Rajasthan, the Meena caste members oppose the entry of [[Gurjar]]s into Scheduled Tribe fold, fearing that their own share of Scheduled Tribe reservation benefits will be eroded.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2AsXFWT-CIC&pg=PA96 |title=Ethics: Theory and Practice |publisher=Pearson Education India |author=Satyanarayana |year=2010 |page=96 |isbn=978-8-13172-947-2}}</ref>

It is believed by media that the well-off Meena community enjoy a major share of ST reservation at the cost of other tribals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-meenas-got-st-status/articleshow/2087874.cms|title=How Meenas got the ST status|date=31 May 2007|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/jats-agitation-haryana-reservation-95386-2012-03-07|title=Flip side of the Jat agitation in Haryana|date=9 March 2012|website=India Today}}</ref>

== Subdivisions ==

The Meenas themselves are also a sub-group of Bhils.<ref>{{cite book|title=Human Rights and Legal Pluralism| isbn=9783643999054 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAE1UqAo3GoC| last1=Sezgin | first1=Yuksel | year=2011 | publisher=LIT Verlag Münster }}</ref>

The Meena tribe is divided into several clans and sub-clans (''adakh''s), which are named after their ancestors. Some of the ''adakh''s include Ariat, Ahari, Katara, Kalsua, Kharadi, Damore, Ghoghra, Dali, Doma, Nanama, Dadore, Manaut, Charpota, Mahinda, Rana, Damia, Dadia, Parmar, Phargi, Bamna, Khat, Hurat, Hela, Bhagora, and Wagat.<ref name="Pramod_1984">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dF-Iu2Pt3KQC&pg=PA3 |title=Folk Icons and Rituals in Tribal Life |first=Pramod |last=Kumar |publisher=Abhinav |year=1984 |isbn=978-8-17017-185-0 |pages=3–4}}</ref>

[[Bhil Meena]] is another sub-division among the Meenas. As part of a [[sanskritisation]] process, some Bhils present themselves as Meenas, who hold a higher socio-economic status compared to the Bhil tribal people.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGyzY12uSr8C&pg=PA127 |title=Tribal Culture, Continuity, and Change: A Study of Bhils in Rajasthan |first=Anita Srivastava |last=Majhi |publisher=Mittal |year=2010 |isbn=978-8-18324-298-1 |page=127 }}</ref>

A sub-group known as "Ujwal Meena" (also "Ujala Meena" or "[[Parihar (clan)|Parihar]] Meena") seek higher status, and claim to be Rajputs, thus distinguishing themselves from the Bhil Meenas. They follow vegetarianism, unlike other Meenas whom they designated as "Mailay Meena".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kj583zZs2dMC&pg=PA3 |title=A Study of Bundi School of Painting |first=Jiwan |last=Sodh |publisher=Abhinav |year=1999 |isbn=978-8-17017-347-2 |page=31 }}</ref>

Other prevalent social groupings are Zamindar Meena and the Chaukidar Meena. The Zamindar Meena, comparatively well-off, are those who surrendered to powerful Rajput invaders and settled on the lands believe to be granted by the Rajputs. Those who did not surrender to Rajput rule and kept on waging guerrilla warfare are called the Chaukidar Meena.<ref name="TribalCultures">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q29TcbHrMfUC&pg=PA18 |title=Tribal Cultures and Change |publisher=Mittal Publications |first1=Rann Singh |last1=Mann |first2=K. |last2=Mann |year=1989 |page=18}}</ref>

== Culture ==
[[File:Mina 2.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Mina]]

There is a custom in the Meenas to perform ''Pitra Tarpan'' after taking a collective bath on the day of [[Diwali]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Das |first1=Jayasree |last2=Chakraborty |first2=Sudipta |year=2021|title=Scope of dark tourism as a revival strategy for the industry|url=https://www.caluniv.ac.in/dj/BS-Journal/V-42-I-II/BS-JD-SC.pdf |journal=Business Studies |volume= XLII |issue= 1 & 2}}</ref> They adopt the culture of worshiping trees and plants in marriages, festivals and other ceremonies as per the ''Dharadi'' tradition.<ref name=":0">
{{Cite web|last=Meena|first=Ram|date=2020-05-05|title=Sociolinguistic Study of Meena / Mina Tribe In comparison to other Tribes of Rajasthan|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341151233|volume=67|pages=45–58}}</ref> They worship different family deities according to the gotra.<ref>{{cite book |title=Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vf4TBwAAQBAJ&q=meena+tribe |page=550| isbn=9781317464006 | last1=Danver | first1=Steven L. | date=10 March 2015 | publisher=Routledge }}</ref> They celebrate [[Meenesh Jayanti]] on the third day of the [[Chaitra]] month's [[Shukla paksha]].<ref name="Kapur May 2008"/>

=== Art ===
[[Mandana Paintings]] are widely practiced by the women of the Meena tribe.<ref>{{cite book|first=Madan |last=Meena |author-link=Madan Meena |year=2009|title=Nurturing Walls: Animal Paintings by Meena Women |publisher=Tara Books |isbn=978-8-18-621168-7}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{Main|List of Scheduled Tribes in Rajasthan}}

According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Meenas have a total population of 5 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Will the tribals get their separate religion code, Jharkhand's proposal is now with the Modi government|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-54975388 |work=BBC}}</ref> According to a report by [[Hindustan Times]], the population of Meenas in [[Rajasthan]] is 7% of the state's population.<ref>{{cite news|title=In Rajasthan, tribal body acts as family court for ST couples|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-rajasthan-a-tribal-organization-not-courts-gives-divorce-decrees/story-kAU0nQnORMI5O80aVMeMdJ.html|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> And according to the report of a [[Germany|German]] news television [[Deutsche Welle]], the Meenas constitute 10% of the population of the state of Rajasthan.<ref name="Deutsche Welle"/> Whereas according to a report by [[BBC Hindi]], the population of Meenas is 14% of the state's population.<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite news |title=वसुंधरा के लिए सांप छछूंदर वाली स्थिति |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/regionalnews/story/2007/06/printable/070602_rajasthan_analysis |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=BBC |date=June 2007 |language=hi}}</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Rajasthani people]]
*[[Susawat]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==

*{{cite book |title=Demography and health profile of the tribals: a study of M.P. |first=Dipak Kumar |last=Adak |publisher=Anmol Publications}}
*{{cite journal |last=Brown |first=Mark |title=Ethnology and Colonial Administration in Nineteenth-Century British India: The Question of Native Crime and Criminality |journal=The British Journal for the History of Science |volume=36 |issue=2 |year=2003 |pages=201–219 |jstor=4028233 |doi=10.1017/S0007087403005004|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal|last1=Bajrange |first1=Dakxinkumar |last2=Gandee |first2=Sarah |last3=Gould |first3=William |year=2019 |title=Settling the Citizen, Settling the Nomad: 'Habitual offenders', rebellion, and civic consciousness in western India, 1938–1952|journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=337–383 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X18000136|s2cid=56335179 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal |first=Anastasia |last=Piliavsky |year=2015 |title=The "Criminal Tribe" in India before the British|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/abs/criminal-tribe-in-india-before-the-british/E3F6C2797D935E942CE011D0DBBD4FCA |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=323–354 |doi=10.1017/S0010417515000055 |jstor=43908348|s2cid=144894079 |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite book |first=Sohan Lal |last=Sharma |title=Emerging Tribal Identity: A Study of Minas of Rajasthan |year=2008 |publisher=Rawat Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eVgvPwAACAAJ |jstor=23620676|isbn=9788131602386 }}
*{{cite journal |first=V.C. |last=Channa |title=Development in Meena Villages: A Case Study |journal=Indian Anthropologist |year=2008 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=33–42 |jstor=41920055}}
*{{cite book |last=Meena |first=Madan|title=Tribe-British Relations in India |chapter=Rulers, Criminals and Denotified Tribe: A Historical Journey of the Meenas|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-3424-6_17 |publisher=Springer Nature |year=2021 |pages=275–290 |doi=10.1007/978-981-16-3424-6_17|isbn=978-981-16-3423-9 |s2cid=240554356 }}

{{Sister project links|auto=yes}}

{{Social groups of Rajasthan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Haryana]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Denotified tribes of India]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]

List of Malayalam films of 1986

2026-03-07T04:52:28Z

Saurabh: page fix

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Malayalam films}}

The following is a list of [[Malayalam film]]s released in the year 1986.
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#000;"
! colspan='2' | Opening !! Sl. No. !!Film !! Cast !! Director !! Music director !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="13" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;"|'''J A N'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 2
|valign="center" | {{center|1}}
| ''[[Dhim Tharikita Thom]]'' || [[Raju]], [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]], [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]] || [[Priyadarshan]] || [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 3
|valign="center" | {{center|2}}
| ''[[Pappan Priyappetta Pappan]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]] || [[Sathyan Anthikkad]] || Alleppey Ranganath ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 6
|valign="center" | {{center|3}}
| ''[[Naale Njangalude Vivaham]]'' || [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]], Ahalya || [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 10
|valign="center" | {{center|4}}
| ''[[Annoru Ravil]]'' || [[Sukumaran]], [[Ratheesh]], [[Ranipadmini]] || M. R. Joseph || [[Raveendran]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 11
|valign="center" | {{center|5}}
| ''[[Doore Doore Oru Koodu Koottam]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] || [[Sibi Malayil]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|6}}
| ''[[Ayalvasi Oru Daridravasi]]'' || [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]], [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]], [[Prem Nazir]], [[Nedumudi Venu]] || [[Priyadarshan]] || ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|7}}
| ''[[Bhagavan (1986 film)|Bhagavan]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]], [[Madhuri (Tamil actress)|Madhuri]] || [[Baby (director)|Baby]] || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 12
|valign="center" | {{center|8}}
| ''[[Aarundivide Chodikkan]]'' || || Manoj Babu || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 16
|valign="center" | {{center|9}}
| ''[[Oru Katha Oru Nunakkatha]]'' || [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] || [[Mohan (director)|Mohan]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 17
|valign="center" | {{center|10}}
| ''[[Urukku Manushyan]]'' || [[Ratheesh]], [[Sathaar]] || [[Crossbelt Mani]] || Guna Singh ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 23
|valign="center" | {{center|11}}
| ''[[Shyama (film)|Shyama]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Nadia Moidu]] || [[Joshiy]] || [[Raghu Kumar]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 25
|valign="center" | {{center|12}}
| ''[[Ithile Iniyum Varu]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] || [[P. G. Viswambharan]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|13}}
| ''[[Mazha Peyyunnu Maddalam Kottunnu]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Lissie || [[Priyadarshan]] || ||
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"|'''F E B'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 7
|valign="center" | {{center|14}}
| ''[[Abhayam Thedi]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Shobhana || [[I. V. Sasi]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|15}}
| ''[[Kadinte Makkal]]'' || || P. S. Prakash || [[Ramesh Naidu]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|16}}
| ''Sunil Vayassu 20'' || [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] || [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]] || [[Jerry Amaldev]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 11
|valign="center" | {{center|17}}
| ''[[T. P. Balagopalan M. A.]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Shobana]] || [[Sathyan Anthikkad]] || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|18}}
| ''[[Malamukalile Deivam]]'' || Gabril, Suresh || [[P. N. Menon (director)|P. N. Menon]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 16
|valign="center" | {{center|19}}
| ''[[Katturumbinum Kathu Kuthu]]'' || [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] || [[Girish]] || [[Kannur Rajan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 21
|valign="center" | {{center|20}}
| ''[[Aalorungi Arangorungi]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Shobhana]] || [[Thevalakkara Chellappan]] || [[Jerry Amaldev]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 23
|valign="center" | {{center|21}}
| ''[[Sakhavu (1986 film)|Sakhavu]]'' || [[Unnimary]], [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || [[V. D. Rajappan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 24
|valign="center" | {{center|22}}
| ''[[Oru Yugasandhya]]'' || [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Srividya]] || [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 28
|valign="center" | {{center|22}}
| ''[[Vartha]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Mammootty]] || [[I. V. Sasi]] || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;"|'''M A R'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 1
|valign="center" | {{center|23}}
| ''[[Iniyum Kurukshetrum]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] || [[J. Sasikumar]] || [[M. K. Arjunan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 7
|valign="center" | {{center|24}}
| ''[[Nilaavinte Naattil]]'' || [[Prem Nazir]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] || [[Vijay Menon (director)|Vijay Menon]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|25}}
| ''[[Niramulla Ravulkal]]'' || [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Prameela]] || [[N. Sankaran Nair]] || K. J. Joy ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 8
|valign="center" | {{center|26}}
| ''[[Revathikkoru Pavakkutty]]'' || [[Bharath Gopi]],[[Mohanlal]] || [[Sathyan Anthikad]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|27}}
| ''[[Chidambaram (film)|Chidambaram]]'' || [[Bharath Gopi]], Smita Pattil || [[G. Aravindan]] || G. Devarajan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 17
|valign="center" | {{center|28}}
| ''[[Ardha Raathri]]'' || [[Ratheesh]], [[Madhuri (Tamil actress)|Madhuri]] || Asha Khan || K. J. Joy ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|29}}
| ''[[Desatanakkili Karayarilla]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Shari (actress)|Shari]], [[Karthika (Malayalam actress)|Kartika]]|| [[Padmarajan]] || [[Raveendran]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 21
|valign="center" | {{center|30}}
| ''[[Kariyilakkattu Pole]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Mohanlal]] || [[P. Padmarajan]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 23
|valign="center" | {{center|31}}
| ''[[Chekkeranoru Chilla]]'' || [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]], [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] || [[Sibi Malayil]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 26
|valign="center" | {{center|32}}
| ''[[Hello My Dear Wrong Number]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Lizy (actress)|Lizy]] || [[Priyadarshan]] || [[Reghu Kumar]] ||
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;"|'''A P R'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 6
|valign="center" | {{center|33}}
| ''[[Kunjattakilikal]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Shobhana]] || [[J. Sasikumar]] || A. J. Joseph ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 10
|valign="center" | {{center|34}}
| ''[[Ennennum Kannettante]]'' || Sangeeth, Sonia G. Nair || [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]] || [[Jerry Amaldev]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 11
|valign="center" | {{center|35}}
| ''[[Malarum Kiliyum]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Sudha Chandran || [[K. Madhu]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|36}}
| ''[[Kshamichu Ennoru Vakku]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] || [[Joshiy]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|37}}
| ''[[Nakhakshathangal]]'' || [[Vineeth]], [[Monisha Unni|Monisha]] || [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] || [[Bombay Ravi]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 12
|valign="center" | {{center|38}}
| ''[[Prathyekam Sradhikkukka]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] || [[P. G. Vishwambharan]] || [[Raveendran]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 26
|valign="center" | {{center|39}}
| ''[[Ente Entethu Mathrem]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Karthika || [[J. Sasikumar]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"|'''M A Y'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 1
|valign="center" | {{center|40}}
| ''[[Arappatta Kettiya Gramathil]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] || [[P. Padmarajan]] || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 2
|valign="center" | {{center|41}}
| ''[[Ithu Oru Thudakkom Mathram]]'' || || [[Baby (director)|Baby]] || Rajamani ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 9
|valign="center" | {{center|42}}
| ''[[Neram Pularumbol]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Ramya Krishnan || [[K. P. Kumaran]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|43}}
| ''[[Poomukhappadiyil Ninneyum Kaathu]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Srividya || [[Bhadran (director)|Bhadran]] || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|44}}
| ''[[Chilambu]]'' || [[Shobhana]], [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], || [[Bharathan]] || [[Ouseppachan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 19
|valign="center" | {{center|45}}
| ''[[Ponnum Kudathinu Pottu]]'' || [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]], Menaka || [[T. S. Suresh Babu]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 23
|valign="center" | {{center|46}}
| ''[[Kaveri (1986 film)|Kaveri]]'' || Sitara, [[Mammootty]] || [[Rajeevnath]] || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 28
|valign="center" | {{center|47}}
| ''[[Meenamasathile Sooryan]]'' || [[Shobhana]], [[Venu Nagavally]] || [[Lenin Rajendran]] || [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;"|'''J U N'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 19
|valign="center" | {{center|48}}
| ''[[Adukkan Entheluppam]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Karthika || [[Jeassy]] || [[Jerry Amaldev]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|49}}
| ''[[Snehamulla Simham]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] || [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|50}}
| ''[[Mizhineerppoovukal]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Lisie || [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]] || [[M. K. Arjunan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 25
|valign="center" | {{center|51}}
| ''[[Karinagam]]'' || [[Ratheesh]], [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 29
|valign="center" | {{center|52}}
| ''[[Bharya Oru Manthri]]'' || [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]], [[Sukumaran]] || Raju Mahendra || [[Kannur Rajan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;"|'''J U L'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 4
|valign="center" | {{center|53}}
| ''[[Gandhinagar 2nd Street]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Karthika || [[Sathyan Anthikad]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 5
|valign="center" | {{center|54}}
| ''[[Panchagni]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] || [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]] || [[Bombay Ravi]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 17
|valign="center" | {{center|55}}
| ''[[Rajavinte Makan]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] || [[Thambi Kannanthanam]] || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 18
|valign="center" | {{center|56}}
| ''[[Nidhiyude Katha]]'' || [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]], [[Jalaja]] || [[Vijayakrishnan]] || [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 20
|valign="center" | {{center|57}}
| ''[[Onnu Randu Moonnu]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Ratheesh]] || [[Rajasenan]] || [[Rajasenan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 25
|valign="center" | {{center|58}}
| ''[[Ithramathram (1986 film)|Ithramathram]]'' || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Ratheesh]] || [[P. Chandrakumar]] || [[Raghu Kumar]] ||
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"|'''A U G'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 1
|valign="center" | {{center|59}}
| ''[[Yuvajanotsavam]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] || [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] || [[Raveendran]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|60}}
| ''[[Atham Chithira Chothy]]'' || [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], Nadia Moidu || A. T. Abu || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 12
|valign="center" | {{center|61}}
| ''[[Nandi Veendum Varika]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Urvashi || [[P. G. Viswambharan]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 15
|valign="center" | {{center|62}}
| ''[[Aayiram Kannukal]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Shobhana]] || [[Joshiy]] || [[Raghu Kumar]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|63}}
| ''[[Moonnu Masangalku Mumbu]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] || [[Cochin Haneefa]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 29
|valign="center" | {{center|64}}
| ''[[Ice Cream (1986 film)|Ice Cream]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]] || Antony Eastman || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;"|'''S E P'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 3
|valign="center" | {{center|65}}
| ''[[Udayam Padinjaru]]'' || [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Srividya]] || [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 9
|valign="center" | {{center|66}}
| ''[[Surabhi Yaamangal]]'' || [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Ratheesh]] || P. Ashok Kumar || [[Kannur Rajan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 12
|valign="center" | {{center|67}}
| ''[[Aavanazhi]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] || [[I. V. Sasi]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|68}}
| ''[[Vivahithare Ithile]]'' ||[[Balachandra Menon]], Parvati || [[Balachandra Menon]] || [[Jerry Amaldev]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|69}}
| ''[[Poovinu Puthiya Poonthennal]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Nadia Moidu || [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]] || [[Kannur Rajan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 14
|valign="center" | {{center|70}}
| ''[[Nyayavidhi]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Shobhana]] || [[Joshiy]] || [[M. K. Arjunan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 15
|valign="center" | {{center|71}}
| ''[[Pidikittapulli]]'' || [[Prameela]], [[Ratheesh]] || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || K. J. Joy ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 16
|valign="center" | {{center|72}}
| ''[[Nimishangal]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] || Radhakrishnan (RK) || [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 19
|valign="center" | {{center|73}}
| ''[[Sukhamo Devi]]'' || [[Mohanlal]],[[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] || [[Venu Nagavally]] || [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|74}}
| ''[[Adiverukal]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Karthika || [[P. Anil]] || ||
|-
| rowspan="15" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;"|'''O C T'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 2
|valign="center" | {{center|75}}
| ''[[Ee Kaikalil]]'' || Ratheesh, [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] || [[K. Madhu]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 3
|valign="center" | {{center|76}}
| ''[[Oppam Oppathinoppam]]'' || [[Shankar Panicker|Shankar]], Menaka || [[Soman]] || [[Jerry Amaldev]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 4
|valign="center" | {{center|77}}
| ''[[Kulambadikal]]'' || [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], Ashwathy || [[Crossbelt Mani]] || Guna Singh ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 7
|valign="center" | {{center|78}}
| ''[[Ninnistham Ennishtam]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Priya (actress)|Priya]] || [[Alleppey Ashraf]] || [[Kannur Rajan]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|79}}
| ''[[Njan Kathorthirikkum]]'' || [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Kundara Johnny]] || Rasheed Karapuzha || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 9
|valign="center" | {{center|80}}
| ''[[Veendum]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Ratheesh]] || [[Joshiy]] || [[Ouseppachan]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|81}}
| ''[[Geetham (film)|Geetham]]'' ||[[Mammootty]], Gita || || ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|82}}
| ''[[Thalavattam]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Kartika || [[Priyadarshan]] || [[Raghu Kumar]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|83}}
| ''[[Pakarathinu Pakaram]]'' || || [[T. Krishna]] || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 14
|valign="center" | {{center|84}}
| ''[[Ambadi Thannilorunni]]'' || [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], Anand || Alleppey Ranganath || Alleppey Ranganath ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 16
|valign="center" | {{center|85}}
| ''[[Sree Narayana Guru (film)|Sree Narayana Guru]]'' || [[Kanakalatha]], Master Vaisakh || P. A. Bakker || [[G. Devarajan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 20
|valign="center" | {{center|86}}
| ''[[Onnu Muthal Poojyam Vare]]'' || Asha Jayaram, Mohanlal|| [[Reghunath Paleri]] || [[Mohan Sithara]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 23
|valign="center" | {{center|87}}
| ''[[Ente Shabdham]]'' || [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Ratheesh]] || V. K. Unnikrishnan || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 31
|valign="center" | {{center|88}}
| ''[[Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Karthika || [[Sathyan Anthikkad]] || [[Jerry Amaldev]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|89}}
| ''[[Koodanayum Kattu]]'' || [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] || [[I. V. Sasi]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;"|'''N O V'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 7
|valign="center" | {{center|90}}
| ''[[Ayalvasi Oru Daridravasi]]'' || [[Prem Nazir]], Seema || [[Priyadarshan]] || [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|91}}
| ''[[Padayani (film)|Padayani]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] || T. S. Mohan || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|92}}
| ''[[Railway Cross]]'' || [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]], [[Bheeman Raghu]] || KG Gopalakrishnan || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 11
|valign="center" | {{center|93}}
| ''[[Sayam Sandhya]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Gita || [[Joshiy]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 12
|valign="center" | {{center|94}}
| ''[[Namukku Parkkan Munthirithoppukal]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], [[Shari (actress)|Shari]] || [[P. Padmarajan]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 14
|valign="center" | {{center|95}}
| ''[[Rakkuyilin Ragasadassil]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] || [[Priyadarshan]] || [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|96}}
| ''[[Aval Kaathirunnu Avanum]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Suhasini|| [[P. G. Vishwambharan]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 15
|valign="center" | {{center|97}}
| ''[[Cabaret Dancer]]'' || [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]], [[M. G. Soman]] || [[N. Sankaran Nair]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 22
|valign="center" | {{center|98}}
| ''[[Swamy Sreenarayana Guru]]'' || [[Adoor Bhavani]], [[K. P. A. C. Azeez]] || Krishnaswamy || Mohammed Subair ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;"| 28
|valign="center" | {{center|99}}
| ''[[Kochu Themmadi]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Adoor Bhasi]] || [[A. Vincent]] || [[G. Devarajan]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|100}}
| ''[[Ambili Ammavan (film)|Ambili Ammavan]]'' || [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Nedumudi Venu]] || K. G. Vijayakumar || [[Kannur Rajan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;"|'''D E C'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 2
|valign="center" | {{center|101}}
| ''[[Akalangalil]]'' || [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] || [[J. Sasikumar]] || [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 5
|valign="center" | {{center|102}}
| ''[[Ilanjippookkal]]'' || Sandhya, Ratheesh || Sandhya Mohan || [[Kannur Rajan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 6
|valign="center" | {{center|103}}
| ''[[Shobhraj|Shobaraj]]'' || [[Mohanlal]], Madhavi|| [[J. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]] || Gemini ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 19
|valign="center" | {{center|104}}
| ''[[Rareeram]]'' || [[Mammootty]], [[Shobhana]] || [[Sibi Malayil]] || Kodakara Madhavan ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|105}}
| ''[[Ennu Nathante Nimmi]]'' || [[Mammootty]], Radhu || [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 22
|valign="center" | {{center|106}}
| ''[[Love Story (1986 film)|Love Story]]'' || [[Shafeeq (actor)|Shafeeq]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], || [[Sajan (director)|Sajan]] || [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 25
|valign="center" | {{center|107}}
| ''[[Ashtabandham]]'' || [[Srividya]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] || Askar || [[A. T. Ummer]] ||
|-
|valign="center" | {{center|108}}
| ''[[Amma Ariyan]]'' || Kunhulakshmi Amma, Harinarayan || [[John Abraham (Director)|John Abraham]] || Sunitha ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 28
|valign="center" | {{center|109}}
| ''[[Pandavapuram]]'' || James, Appu || G. S. Panicker || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;"| 31
|valign="center" | {{center|110}}
| ''[[Purushartham]]'' || [[Adoor Bhasi]], Sujatha Mehta || K. R. Mohan || ||
|-
| || || || ''[[Pranamam]]'' || || || ||
|-
| || || || ''[[Viswasichalum Illenkilum]]'' || || || ||
|-
| || || || ''[[Manasilloru Manimuthu]]'' || || || ||
|-
| || || || ''[[Ariyaatha Bandham]]'' || || || ||
|-
| || || || ''[[Samskaram]]'' || || || ||
|}

==Dubbed films==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! width="25%" | Movie
! width="18%" | Direction
! width="18%" | Story
! width="18%" | Screenplay
! width="18%" | Main Actors
|- valign="top"
| ''[[Nilave Malare (film)|Priyamvadakkoru Pranayageethom]]''

| Chandrasekhar
|  
|  
|  
|- valign="top"
| ''Prathikale Thedi''

|  
|  
|  
|  
|- valign="top"
| ''Paka Varuthiya Vina''

|  
|  
|  
|  
|- valign="top"
| ''Thalamurakulude Prathikaram''

| T. Prasad
|  
|  
|  
|- valign="top"
| ''Rekthabhishekam''

| [[D. Rajendra Babu]]
|  
|  
|  
|- valign="top"
| ''Aa Bheekara Raathri''

|  
|  
|  
|  
|- valign="top"
| ''Agniyanu Njan Agni''

| Kothanda Rama Reddy
|  
|  
|  
|- valign="top"
| ''Prakruthiyile Adbhudangal''

|  
|  
|  
|  
|- valign="top"
| ''Anaswara Ganangal''

| Boban Kunchako
|  
|  
|  
|}

==References==
{{No footnotes|date=February 2011}}
*{{cite web|title=Kerala Government Public Relations Department |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/prd2/art/list.htm |access-date=24 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828202957/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/prd2/art/list.htm |archive-date=28 August 2005 |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web | title=Cinema of Malayalam | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050426081118/http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/ | archive-date=26 April 2005 | url=http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net | access-date=18 September 2019 }}
*{{cite web | title=Official Site of Association of Malayalam Movie Artists | url=http://malayalamcinema.com | access-date=24 February 2011 }}

{{Malayalam films|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{1986 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malayalam Films Of 1985}}
[[Category:1986 Malayalam-language films| 1986]]
[[Category:Lists of Malayalam films by year|1985]]
[[Category:Lists of 1986 films by language|Malayalam]]
[[Category:1986 in Indian cinema|Fil]]

Nishigandha Wad

2026-03-06T16:45:15Z

Saurabh: small expanded citations for consistency additionally and updated info

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1969)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nishigandha Wad
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1969|10|11}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमिताभ यांचा वाढदिवस निशिगंधा यांच्यासाठीही असतो खास, म्हणाल्या योगायोग म्हणजे... |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/nishigandha-wad-birthday-marathi-actress-share-memory-with-amitabh-bachchan/articleshow/104346986.cms |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| image = Nishigandha Wad (Cropped).jpg
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Deepak Deulkar]]|1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2019 |title=Marathi Actress Nishigandha Wad is married to Deepak Deulkar {{!}} हा अभिनेता आहे निशिगंधा वाड यांचा नवरा, पाहा त्यांचे फोटो {{!}} Lokmat.com |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/marathi-actress-nishigandha-wad-married-deepak-deulkar/ |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>
| death_place =
| other_names = Nishigandha Deulkar
| occupation = Actress
| known_for = ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' 
''[[Bandhan (1991 film)|Bandhan]]''
| children = Ishwari Deulkar
| mother =
}}

'''Nishigandha Wad''' is an Indian film & television [[actress]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive: Nishigandha Wad: I am not homophobic. My words are being misconstrued - Times of India ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/exclusive-nishigandha-wad-i-am-not-homophobic-my-words-are-being-misconstrued/articleshow/80013842.cms |access-date=16 March 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=30 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> social scientist, and [[author]]. She is known for her roles in 90s [[Marathi language|Marathi]] films.

== Early life ==
She received her doctorate from the [[University of Mumbai]] with a dissertation on ''Changing Role of Women In Society — Reflections from Marathi & British Theatres (1970–1990)''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2020 |title=50 साल की उम्र में पढ़ाई करती हैं ये एक्‍ट्रेस, कहा- सेट पर वक्‍त निकाल कर लिखती हूं किताबें |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/tv-tv-actress-nishigandha-wad-studying-triple-doctorate-in-age-50-2896837.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
|1989
|''[[Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro]]''
|Anees
|[[Hindi]]
|Debut film<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akhtar |first=Amaal |date=26 April 2019 |title=Gully Boy and the legacy of Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/apna-time-aayega-gully-boy-and-the-legacy-of-salim-langde-pe-mat-ro/article26951915.ece |access-date=31 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1990
|''[[Shejari Shejari]]''
|Sushila Kulkarni
| rowspan="2" |[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shejari Shejari (1991) |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-5l0t00/shejari-shejari/ |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=Radio Times |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Eka Peksha Ek]]''
|Anuradha Shinde
|Marathi Debut
|-
| rowspan="3" |1991
|''[[Gunehgar Kaun]]''
|Rama
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Bandhan (1991 film)|Bandhan]]''
|Pramila Jadhav
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Bandhan Full HD Movie Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/bandhan/0-0-movie_1344240386 |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pratikar]]''
|Priya
| Marathi
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1992
|''[[Karm Yodha]]''
|Anjali
| Hindi
|
|-
|''Anuradha''
|Anuradha
| rowspan="15" |Marathi
|
|-
|''Vaat Pahate Punvechi''
|Anjali Urangaonkar
|
|-
|''Gruhpravesh''
|Pooja
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |1993
|''Bala Jo Jo Re''
|Pooja/Aarti Naik
|Remake of hindi movie [[Sanjog (1985 film)|Sanjog]]
|-
|''Wajva Re Wajva''
|Swati
|
|-
|''Shivrayanchi Soon Tararani''
|[[Tarabai]]
|
|-
|''Janmathep''
|Sandhya Bhosale
|
|-
|''Premankur''
|Krishnapriya Chiplunkar
|
|-
|''Porka''
|Savitri
|
|-
|''Tu Sukhkarta''
|Aarti
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1994
|''[[Bajrangachi Kamal]]''
|Priya Pradhan
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrangachi Kamaal 1994 Cast, Trailer, Videos & Reviews |url=https://www.ottplay.com/movie/bajrangachi-kamaal-1994/bdeb9f02f25cf |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826185908/https://www.ottplay.com/movie/bajrangachi-kamaal-1994/bdeb9f02f25cf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''Sasar Maher''
|Vijaya
|
|-
|''Janmadaata''
|Kunda
|
|-
|Rowspan="2"|1995
|''Topi Var Topi''
|Ratna
|
|-
| ''Painjan''
|
|
|-
| Rowspan="2"|1997
|''[[Daadagiri]]''
|Radha Sinha
|Hindi
|
|-
| ''Sada Haldi Kunkwacha''
|
|Rowspan="11"| Marathi
|
|-
| 1998
| ''Shandhyug''
|
|
|-
|Rowspan="5"|1999
|''Rang Premacha''
|Sumati
|
|-
|''Saubhagya''
|
|
|-
|''Manus''
|Pallavi karmarkar
|
|-
|''Pratidav''
|
|
|-
| ''Pathrakhin''
| Naina
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000
|''Hrudaysparshi''
|Rashmi
|
|-
|''Navra Majhya Muthit Ga''
|Usha
|
|-
|Rowspan="2"|2001
|''Ashi Dnyaneshwari''
|Sujata Kulkarni
|
|-
| ''He Khel Nashibache''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2002
|''[[Deewangee]]''
|Unnamed
| rowspan="4" |Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge]]''
|Geeta Singh Thakur
|
|-
|''[[Aap Mujhe Achche Lagne Lage]]''
|Nisha Dholakia
|
|-
|Rowspan="2"|2003
|''[[Indian Babu]]''
|Thakur's wife
|
|-
| ''Bhaubeej''
| Mrs Mansingh yadav
| Marathi
|
|-
| 2004
| ''Abhalachi Savli''
|
| Marathi
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Shaapit]]''
|Kaaya's mother
| Hindi
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Sata Lota Pan Sagla Khota]]''
|Satyavan's wife
| rowspan="2" |Marathi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|''Prem Kahani Ek Lapleli Goshta''
|Sujata
|
|-
|''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]''
|Ruhana's mother
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Race 3]]''
|Sumitra Ranchod Singh
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Ref.
|-
|1987
|''Aavhan''
|Veena
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2020 |title=चाळीस वर्षे मालिकांची |url=https://www.loksatta.com/lokprabha/lp-diwali2015/40-years-of-tv-serials-1159482/ |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|1991
|''Peecha Karo''
|Sarita
| rowspan="9" |[[Hindi]]
|
|-
|1995–1996
|''[[Dastaan (1995 TV series)|Daastaan]]''
|Nishi
|
|-
|1996
|''Aakhir Kaun''
|Nisha
|
|-
|1997
|[[Zee Horror Show]]
Episode-
Anhonee
|Poornima
|Episodic role
|-
|1997
|Zee Horror Show: Anhonee
Episode- Saazish
|Roopa
|Episodic role
|-
|1998
|Zee Horror Show: Anhonee
Episode- Junoon
|Dr. Sobha
|Episodic role
|-
|1998
|''[[X Zone]]''
|Rajni Sharma
|
|-
|2004
|'' Chaudah Phere''
|
|
|-
| 2005
| ''CID Special Bureau''
| Mamata Somnath Khanna
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Waqt Batayega Kaun Apna Kaun Paraya]]''
|Sunanda
|
|-
| 2008–2010
| ''[[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]''
|
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Matti Ki Banno]]''
| Janaki Singh
| rowspan="6" |[[Hindi]]
|
|-
|2011–2016
|''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''
|Sujata Bharadwaj
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=NISHIGANDHA WAD SASURAL SIMAR KA |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/tv/stars/Marathi-actresses-emerge-stronger-on-TV/morphshow/31462256.cms |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Sajda Tere Pyaar Mein]]''
|Mrs. Chauhan
|
|-
|2014
|''Khushiyon Kii Gullak Aashi''
|Prabha
|
|-
|2017–2018
|''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''
|Savitri Malhotra
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Meri Gudiya]]''
|Parvati Gujral
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2020 |title=50 साल की उम्र में पढ़ाई करती हैं ये एक्‍ट्रेस, कहा- सेट पर वक्‍त निकाल कर लिखती हूं किताबें |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/tv-tv-actress-nishigandha-wad-studying-triple-doctorate-in-age-50-2896837.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=News18 |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''Jay Bhawani Jay Shivaji''
|[[Jijabai|Rajmata Jijau]]
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Notable actress Nishigandha Wad to play Rajmata Jijau in Jai Bhavani Jai Shivaji |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/notable-actress-nishigandha-wad-to-play-rajmata-jijau-in-jai-bhavani-jai-shivaji/articleshow/84607155.cms |access-date=31 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey]]''
|Sargam Kulshreshth
| rowspan="5" |Hindi
|
|-
| 2022–2024
| ''[[Rabb Se Hai Dua]]''
| Hina Akhtar
|
|-
| 2024–2025
| ''[[Suman Indori]]''
| Geetanjali Mittal
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Jamai No. 1]]''
| Uma Dikshit Srivastav
|
|-
| 2026–present
| ''[[Mahadev & Sons]]''
|Radha Bajpai
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1138572}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|nishigandha-wad}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wad, Nishigandha}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian art writers]]
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Prathima

2026-03-05T18:27:17Z

Saurabh: General improvements and edits

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Prathima
| image =
| caption =
| director = Sudhin Menon
| producer = Sudhin Menon
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] Mamatha Shenoy [[Ambareesh]]
| music = Khanu Ghosh
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| released = {{Film date|1978|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
}}

'''''Prathima''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಪ್ರತಿಮಾ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Kannada language|Kannada]] film, directed and produced by Sudhir Menon. The film stars [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]], Mamatha Shenoy and [[Ambareesh]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Khanu Ghosh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiloka.com/movie/prathima-1978|title=Prathima|accessdate=2015-01-29|publisher=chiloka.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/prathima.html|title=Prathima|accessdate=2015-01-29|publisher=filmibeat.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nthwall.com/ka/Pratima-1982/9219802197|title=Prathima|accessdate=2015-01-29|publisher=nthwall.com|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150129154217/http://www.nthwall.com/ka/Pratima-1982/9219802197|archive-date=29 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]
*[[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]]
*Mamatha Shenoy
*[[Ambareesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1373209|Pratima}}

[[Category:1978 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
{{1970s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Prathima

2026-03-05T18:27:17Z

Saurabh: General improvements and edits

Yajamana (2019 film)

2026-03-04T04:42:12Z

Saurabh: general correct lead for accuracy and improved wording

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yajamana
| image = Yajamana (2019 film) poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[V. Harikrishna]] [[Pon Kumaran]]
| writer = V. Harikrishna Pon Kumaran
| producer = [[Shylaja Nag]] [[B. Suresha]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 November 2018 |title=Massive sets, story and darshan to drive Yajamana |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/nov/14/massive-sets-story-and-darshan-to-drive-yajamana-1897797.html |access-date=15 March 2019 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
| starring = [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] [[Rashmika Mandanna]] [[Tanya Hope]] [[Thakur Anoop Singh]] [[Devaraj]] [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]] [[P. Ravi Shankar]]
| music = V. Harikrishna
| cinematography = [[Shreesha Kuduvalli]]
| editing = Prakash Karinja
| studio = Media House Studio
| released = {{film date|df=y|2019|03|01}}
| runtime = 164 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
}}

'''''Yajamana''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಯಜಮಾನ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[social film|social]] [[action film]] written and directed by [[V. Harikrishna]] and [[Pon Kumaran]] and produced by [[Shylaja Nag]] and [[B. Suresha]]. The film stars [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Rashmika Mandanna]] and [[Tanya Hope]] in lead roles. It also features an ensemble cast of [[Thakur Anoop Singh]], [[Devaraj]], [[P. Ravi Shankar]], and [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]] in key supporting roles. The film's background score and soundtrack is also composed by [[V. Harikrishna]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yajamana' to release the intro song on January 15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/yajamana-to-release-the-intro-song-on-january-15/articleshow/67469719.cms |access-date=12 January 2019 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Darshan's 'Yajamana' wraps up its first schedule |url=https://www.imdb.com/news/ni61961597 |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Harikrishna is man behind Yajamana |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/harikrishna-is-man-behind-yajamana/articleshow/66207371.cms |access-date=12 January 2019 |publisher=bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

''Yajamana'' was released on 1 March 2019 and received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. The film completed 100 days in theatres and emerged as commercially successful film at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=D Boss Darshan's Yajamana Emerges As The Best Opening Of 2019 First Quarter Beating Puneeth's Film! |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2019/darshan-yajamana-best-opening-of-2019-first-quarter-beating-puneeth-rajkumar-nata-sarvabhouma-284495.html |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=filmibeat.com}}</ref><ref name="gross">{{Cite web |title=Yajamana First Worldwide 50 crore Grosser, Darshan D Boss of Box Office – Sakshi English | DailyHunt Lite |url=https://xiaomi.dailyhunt.in/news/india/hindi/sakshi+english-epaper-sakshien/yajamana+first+worldwide+50+crore+grosser+darshan+d+boss+of+box+office-newsid-111103484?mode=wap |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=Dailyhunt }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-05-17 |title=Darshan's Yajamana hits the 100-day mark |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/darshans-yajamana-hits-the-100-day-mark/articleshow/69375318.cms |access-date=2023-07-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Plot==
Devi Shetty is an oil trader/[[businessman]], who controls the [[cooking oil|oil business]] with the help of his related oil mafia contacts in [[Mumbai]]. He asks for coordinates about a village Hulidurga which has not entailed in the oil market.
Hulidurga is maintained by chieftain Hulikar Nayaka's daughter Kaveri's love interest Krishna, who is the protector of the village's oil mill. One day, Devi Shetty arrives at the village to convince the villagers of entitling its co-operation in his [[marketing|oil marketing]]. A [[Journalist|reporter]] Ganga covers the news, broadcasting the same.

Krishna opposes and warns the people of Devi Shetty's plan to infiltrate and plunder all the [[oil resources]] of the village and that they were bound to lose everything, if they were to pledge [[co-operation]]. Krishna also warns Devi Shetty not to take anything from Hulidurga, thereby insulting him. The news gets telecast all throughout where Devi Shetty plans to avenge the insults from Krishna by the aid of Krishna's rival Mittai Suri, who successfully deceives the village and its people from him. Devi Shetty's men capture Krishna and try to kill him, but Krishna fights them off and warns Devi Shetty that he will arrive in Mumbai and bring down his oil profits. Krishna arrives in Mumbai where he stays in Ganga's grandfather's house. Krishna with the help of the oil owners, starts to sell oil.

However, Krishna faces obstacles where he must even fend off a few men in the market, but eventually consumers start buying his oil brand acknowledging his oil to be the best. Krishna succeeds in the oil market. In Hulidurga, all the people began to lose the market price for their products and started to commit suicide. Kaveri arrives to meet Krishna in Mumbai where she reveals all the incidents to him. Kaveri plans to approach Devi Shetty asking help for the sake of the village where Krishna joins her and meets Devi Shetty and pretends to apologise on behalf of his people. Devi Shetty reveals it to the people on [[video conference]]. Krishna reveals that when people stopped the oil mill, people will start the oil mill again and they will get back what they were losing. All people recall their oil mill by his words and insults Devi Shetty.

Krishna excels in the oil market and later leaves for the village to get the marketing rights from the Huliyappa and starts selling oil in the market where he names his brand as ''Nandhi Oil Brand''. Devi Shetty befalls a loss in the market. Pulla Reddy, his supporter arrives to meet Krishna in the name of an ally, to put an end to Devi Shetty. Devi Shetty hatches a vice plan and Krishna gets arrested by police on the grounds of stocking illegal oil. In the court, Krishna proves his innocence by revealing that all of oil stocks are actually owned by Devi Shetty. Krishna had taken some brands unknowingly from Pulla Reddy and draws the brand's name stamp on those where he asks the judge to scratch the brand with a [[coin]] which reveals them to be those of Devi Shetty's and also reveals, much to his happiness that Nandhi Brand is also used at the courtroom's canteen.

The Judge sends Devi Shetty's brand for testing at the lab only to find it [[hazardous chemical|chemically hazardous]]. The court orders Devi Shetty to be taken into custody and also orders to seize his brand in the market and the company suffers from major downfall whereas, Krishna is released from custody after proving his innocence. Devi Shetty targets Krishna and his family, but Krishna sends them away to a safe place. Devi Shetty sends Pulla Reddy to snatch the documents (which contains the illegal [[oil business]] orchestrated by Devi Shetty and Pulla Reddy), but to no avail.

Unfortunately, Hulikar and Kaveri are caught by Devi Shetty and Hulikar was given rat poison and dies minutes later, after revealing everything to Krishna. Krishna arrives at Devi Shetty's oil godown where he defeats him and during the fight, the place is set ablaze on fire and Devi Shetty is burnt alive and Krishna becomes the main oil trader in Mumbai and starts to produce oil from Hulidurga.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as Krishna
*[[Rashmika Mandanna]] as Kaveri
*[[Tanya Hope]] as Ganga
*[[Devaraj]] as Gurikar Huliyappa Nayaka
*[[P. Ravi Shankar|Ravishankar]] as Pulla Reddy
*[[Thakur Anoop Singh]] as Devi Shetty
*[[Sadhu Kokila]] as Captain Jaganmohan, a cook in Mumbai
*[[H. G. Dattatreya]] as Hegde
*[[Mandya Ramesh]] as Kashi
*Hithesh as a worker
*[[P. D. Sathish Chandra]] as a worker
*Shivaraj KR Pete as a worker
*Sanju Basayya as Krishna's friend
*Malathishree mysuru as Krishna's grandmother
*Radha Ramachandra as Kaveri's grandmother
*Yaseen Nadaf as Kaveri's brother
*Suchithra as Huliyappa Nayak's wife
*[[Srinivas Prabhu]] as Judge
*Jahangir
*Shankar ashwath
*Manjunatha Hedge
*Yashwanth Shetty
*[[Vajrang Shetty]]
*[[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]] as Mittayi Soori in Cameo Appearance
*[[Prajwal Devaraj]] (Special appearance in "Shivanandi")
*[[Prem Kumar (Kannada actor)|Prem]] (Special appearance in "Shivanandi")
*Vinod Prabhakar (Special appearance in "Shivanandi")
*[[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] (Special appearance in "Shivanandi")
*[[Chiranjeevi Sarja]] (Special appearance in "Shivanandi")
*Vineeth Darshan (Special appearance in "Shivanandi")
{{Colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Shivanandi
| length1 = 03:59
| extra1 = [[Kaala Bhairava]], [[Shashank Sheshagiri]], [[Chintan Vikas]], [[Santhosh Venky]]
| lyrics1 = Chethankumar
| title2 = Ondu Munjane
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Sonu Nigam]]
| length2 =
| lyrics2 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| title3 = Basanni
| extra3 =[[V. Harikrishna|V.Harikrishna]], Varsha B. Suresh
| length3 =04:23
| lyrics3 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| title4 =Yajamana Title Track
| length4 = 04:02
| extra4 =[[Vijay Prakash]]
| lyrics4 = [[Santhosh Ananddram]]
| title5 = Hattrupayig Ondu
| length5 = 03:40
| lyrics5 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| extra5 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
}}

==Release==
''Yajamana'' was released on March 1, 2019 across more than 600 [[silver screen]]s world wide in [[Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2019 |title=Messenger with mass elements Fans of Darshan Cinema |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/yajamana-movie-review-darshan-starrer-yajamana-movie-contains-good-message-gets-thumbs-up-from-audience-152669.html |access-date=1 March 2019 |publisher=[[News18 Kannada]]}}</ref> It was released covering more than 495 theatres in [[Karnataka]] alone and hit 50+ screens in other states of [[India]] on 1 March 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sandalwood actor Darshan's fans celebrate release of Yajamana right from break of dawn |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/sandalwood-actor-darshan-fans-celebrate-release-yajamana-right-break-dawn-pnofty |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref>

The release date of ''Yajamana'' in [[United States]] and [[Canada]] was postponed to 8 March 2019. It was released across 55 theatres in USA and 3 theatres in Canada by Weekend cinema distributors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yajamana |url=https://www.weekendcinemausa.com/yajamana-1 |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=Weekend Cinema |archive-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527131546/https://www.weekendcinemausa.com/yajamana-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

Sunayana Suresh of [[The Times of India]] gave the film a rating of 3/5 and wrote "Yajamana is definitely a must-watch for fans of commercial cinema. It has all the necessary masala and also manages to slip in a message towards the end of the film."<ref>{{Cite web |title=YAJAMANA MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/yajamana/movie-review/68213387.cms |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A Shardhha From [[The New Indian Express]] wrote "Yajamana does put in a serious thought on globalisation and monopoly, and comes out with both mass and class elements, holding good for all kinds of audience."<ref>{{Cite web |title='Yajamana' review: This Darshan-starrer is a mass entertainer with social message |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/mar/02/yajamana-review-this-darshan-starrer-is-a-mass-entertainer-with-social-message-1945439.html |access-date=2 March 2019 |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Shashiprasad S. M. of [[Deccan Chronicle]] wrote "Along with the oil, Yajamana is mixed well with a short love story, in which Rashmika as Kaveri is paired opposite Darshan and the rest of it garnished with comedy and loads of action in addition to challenging dialogues."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yajamana movie review: It's a fan-tastic action thriller |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/010319/yajamana-movie-review-its-a-fan-tastic-action-thriller.html |access-date=1 March 2019 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Aravind Shwetha of [[The News Minute]] gave the film a rating of 3/5 and wrote "The movie is predictable but that can be overlooked as it is a strong family entertainer with the necessary commercial elements."<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2019 |title='Yajamana' review: A typical family entertainer tailor-made for Darshan |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/yajamana-review-typical-family-entertainer-tailor-made-darshan-97586 |access-date=1 March 2019 |publisher=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Award !!Category !!Recipient !!Result !!Ref
|-
!rowspan=13|[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Film
|Media House Studio
|{{won}}
|rowspan=13|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 9th South Indian International Movie Awards Nominations for 2019 |url=https://siima.in/2019-nominations.php |access-date=24 August 2021 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA 2020: Check Out Full Winners' List |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2021-check-out-full-winners-list-840868 |access-date=20 September 2021 |work=ibtimes}}</ref>
|-
|Best Director
|{{ubl|[[V. Harikrishna|V.Harikrishna]]|[[Pon Kumaran]]}}
|{{won}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor- Kannada]]
|[[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Actress
|[[Rashmika Mandanna]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Critic's Best Actress
|Rashmika Mandanna
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[Devaraj]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|[[Tanya Hope]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor in a Negative Role
|[[Thakur Anoop Singh]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Comedian
|[[Sadhu Kokila]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Music Director
|[[V. Harikrishna]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Male Playback Singer
| [[Kaala Bhairava]], [[Shashank Sheshagiri]], [[Chintan Vikas]], [[Santhosh Venky]] "Shivanandi"
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Varsha B. Suresh "Basanni"
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Cinematographer
|Shreesha Kuduvalli
|{{nom}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt9315438}}

{{B. Suresha}}

[[Category:2019 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2019 masala films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pon Kumaran]]
[[Category:2019 action films]]

Shaandaar (2015 film)

2026-03-02T09:34:01Z

Saurabh: basic adjust formatting based on references and fixed typos after review

{{short description|2015 film by Vikas Bahl}}
{{about||the 1974 release|Shaandaar (1974 film)|the 1990 release|Shandaar}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shaandaar
| alt =
| image = Shaandaar-Official-Poster-2.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vikas Bahl]]
| producer = [[Anurag Kashyap]] [[Vikramaditya Motwane]] [[Karan Johar]] [[Madhu Mantena]]
| writer = [[Anvita Dutt Guptan]]
| story = [[Vikas Bahl]] Chaitally Parmar
| starring = [[Shahid Kapoor]] [[Alia Bhatt]]
| music = [[Amit Trivedi]]
| cinematography = [[Anil Mehta]]
| editing = Sanchari Das Mollick
| studio = [[Phantom Films]] [[Dharma Productions]]
| distributor = [[Fox Star Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|10|22}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =  {{INR}}600 million<ref name="boxofficeindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3099 |title=Shaandaar – Movie – Box Office India |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}757 million <ref name="boxofficeindia.com" />
}}
'''''Shaandaar''''' ({{translation|Magnificent}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[comedy film]] directed by [[Vikas Bahl]] and produced by [[Anurag Kashyap]] and [[Vikramaditya Motwane]]. It stars [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Alia Bhatt]] in lead roles,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid Kapoor reveals wifey Mira Rajput disliked his movie Shaandaar: 'It was early in our marriage and…' |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/shahid-kapoor-reveals-wifey-mira-rajput-disliked-his-movie-shaandaar-it-was-early-in-our-marriage-and-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-93768823 |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref> with [[Pankaj Kapur]] and [[Sanjay Kapoor]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Priya |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sanjay-Kapoor-joins-the-Shaandar-wedding-in-UK/articleshow/41099392.cms |title=Sanjay Kapoor joins the Shaandar wedding in UK |work=The Times of India |date=29 August 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref> Principal photography began in August 2014 in [[Leeds]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Check out: Shahid Kapoor and Alia Bhatt on sets of Shaandar |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903234122/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7114 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 September 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=1 September 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref> and the film was released on 22 October 2015. The film received highly negative reviews<ref>(https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Shaandaar_(2015_film)#Critical_reception)</ref> and became a [[box-office bomb]].<ref>(https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3099)</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Harikumar |first=Sumbramanian |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/shahid-kapoor-and-alia-bhatts-shaandaar-to-release-on-october-22-2015/ |title=Shahid Kapoor- Alia Bhatt's Shaandaar to release on October 22nd |work=Bollywood Life |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=25 June 2015}}</ref>

Shaandaar marks Shahid Kapoor's first on-screen collaboration with his father, Pankaj Kapur, and sister, Sanah Kapur, who portray Bhatt's father and sister, respectively.

==Plot==
Alia Arora is an [[insomnia]]c orphan adopted by Bipin Arora, whose wife Geetu Arora and mother Kamla Arora are extremely business-minded and greedy. Alia is ignored by both Geetu and Kamla but deeply loved by Bipin as well as his biological daughter, Isha. Since Alia is unable to sleep, Bipin draws her a dream every night before going to bed, hoping it will encourage her to sleep.

With Isha set to get married at a destination wedding in London, the family drives to the wedding venue. On the way, Bipin's car is hit by Jagjinder Joginder (aka JJ) driving his motorcycle, leading to a comical altercation between them. It is later revealed that JJ is the event manager for Isha's wedding. The marriage is arranged between the Aroras and the Fundwanis, a family headed by Mr. Harry Fundwani, the groom's elder brother. The Aroras need the marriage to occur as they have gone bankrupt and are hoping to access the money of the seemingly wealthy Fundwanis. The groom, Robin Fundwani, is fitness-obsessed and vain; he looks at Isha with contempt because of her weight and love of food. It is evident that he is getting married only at the behest of his elder brother.

Through some magical and funny moments, Alia and JJ (also an insomniac due to losing his parents in anti-Sikh riots) become romantically interested in one another, eventually curing each other's insomnia and falling asleep together. Bipin who is very protective of Alia tries to separate the couple leading to several comic moments. This leads to him inadvertently revealing that Alia is his biological daughter with his ex-girlfriend, whom he briefly dated before marrying Geetu under family pressure. Under the coaxing of Isha and after observing the couple, Bipin begins to slowly accept JJ and Alia's relationship.

Isha becomes increasingly upset with Robin, who escalates this friction by insulting her weight and making fun of her. Although the Aroras are bothered by Robin's treatment of Isha, they turn a blind eye to it to avoid any disruptions to their business deal with the Fundwanis. Before the wedding, Kamla, the matriarch of the Aroras, during an argument with her younger son, sneezes and dies, which threatens to derail the wedding. The Aroras, desperate for the wedding to carry on, pretend she is still alive.

Isha arrives at the wedding dais ready to marry Robin for her family's sake. But when Robin begins to laugh at her after her dress rips during the ceremony, she decides not to get married, and her speech inspires everyone to believe in themselves and their self-worth. Frustrated, Mr. Fundwani tries to physically force the marriage to continue by holding everyone at gunpoint, and it is revealed that the Fundwanis are also bankrupt. JJ, Alia, Bipin, Isha, and Robin escape from the scene and fly away in a helicopter.

==Cast==
*[[Shahid Kapoor]] as Jagjinder Joginder (JJ)
*[[Alia Bhatt]] as Alia Arora
*[[Sanah Kapur]] as Isha Arora
*[[Vikas Verma]] as Robin Fundwani
*[[Shibani Dandekar]] as Sonia
*[[Pankaj Kapur]] as Bipin Arora
*[[Sanjay Kapoor]] as Harry Fundwani
*[[Anjana Sukhani]] as Mrs. Fundwani
*[[Niki Aneja Walia]] as Geetu Arora
*[[Sushma Seth]] as Kamla Arora
*Tessa Vellara and Teena Vellara as the Twins
*[[Shalini Chandran]] as Relative
* Hagupreet Singh as Robin's friend
* Kumud Pant as Business Wedding Guest

'''Cameo appearance'''
*[[Karan Johar]] as himself who host his show ''Mehendi with Karan''

== Critical reception==
Deepanjana Pal at ''[[Firstpost]]'' described the writing as sloppy, commenting that, "it's more a series of YouTube sketches than a proper story."<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaandaar review: Alia Bhatt, Shahid Kapoor look great, but this film is far from fabulous |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/shaandaar-review-alia-bhatt-shahid-kapoor-look-great-but-this-film-is-far-from-fabulous-2478624.html |publisher=firstpost.com |access-date=22 October 2015}}</ref> ''[[Indian Express]]'' felt that Kapoor's character Jagjinder Joginder was "badly-written", noting, "He can be such a natural charmer, but here the charm offensive is not allowed to stop, and finally just overtakes him."<ref name=IEShaandaar>{{cite web |title=Shaandaar review: There is no 'Shaan' in this Shahid Kapoor, Alia Bhatt starrer |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/shaandaar-review/ |website=The Indian Express |date=22 October 2015 |access-date=22 October 2015}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]], felt that while there were "flashes of smart writing", that there was also "[a lack] of sustained narrative force, especially in the second half". Chatterjee described the interaction between Kapoor and Bhatt as "spontaneous chemistry", an opinion that was not shared by the ''Indian Express'' reviewer, who wrote, "Shahid and Alia look good together, but there's not very much else they manage between the two of them."<ref name=IEShaandaar />

Ibnlive described the movie as "The film is bizarre and wildly inconsistent".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Shaandaar' review: The film is bizarre and wildly inconsistent |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/shaandaar-review-the-film-is-bizarre-and-wildly-inconsistent-1155213.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> [[India TV]] stated "There is nothing Shaandaar about this Shahid-Alia starrer".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaandaar Review: There is nothing Shaandaar about this Shahid-Alia starrer |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/shandaar-movie-review-24775.html |website=India TV News |date=22 October 2015 |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> TimesofIndia gave two stars to the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shaandaar Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Shaandaar/movie-review/49494611.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Shaandaar
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Amit Trivedi]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|09|24}}
| recorded = 2015
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=32|s=06}}
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer = [[Amit Trivedi]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Shaandaar
| type = Soundtrack
| single1 = Gulaabo
| single1date = 10 September 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/gulaabo-from-shaandaar-single/id1038056339 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006043809/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/gulaabo-from-shaandaar-single/id1038056339 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 October 2015 |title=Gulaabo (From "Shaandaar") – Single |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref>
| single2 = Shaam Shaandaar
| single2date = 16 September 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/shaam-shaandaar-from-shaandaar/id1040405793 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929061638/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/shaam-shaandaar-from-shaandaar/id1040405793 |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 September 2015 |title=Shaam Shaandaar (From "Shaandaar") – Single |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref>
}}
}}
The music for the film is composed by [[Amit Trivedi]].<ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gulaabo-alia-shahid-first-song-from-film-is-a-shaandaar-party-number/1/470183.html Gulaabo: Alia-Shahid's first song from film is a Shaandaar party number : Bollywood, News – India Today]. ''India Today''. intoday.in (10 September 2015). Retrieved 24 September 2015.</ref> The first song titled, "''Gulaabo''" was released on 10 September 2015,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150925140600/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/gulaabo-from-shaandaar-single/id1038056339?ign-mpt=uo%3D8 Gulaabo (From "Shaandaar") – Single by Amit Trivedi, Vishal Dadlani & Anusha Mani on iTunes]. iTunes Store.com (10 September 2015). Retrieved 24 September 2015.</ref> followed by "Shaam Shaandaar" which was released on 16 September 2015. The music rights for the film have been acquired by ''[[Zee Music Company]]''. The full audio album was released on 24 September 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fH9tAUgFhJs |title=Shaandaar – Full Album – Audio Jukebox |publisher=YouTube |access-date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glamsham.com/music/reviews/shaandaar-music-review.asp |title=The audio of SHAANDAAR is indeed 'shaandaar', simply awesome, amazing! |publisher=Glamsham |access-date=1 October 2015}}</ref>
{{track listing
| all_writing =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Gulaabo
| length1 = 04:24
| lyrics1 = [[Anvita Dutt Guptan|Anvita Dutt]]
| extra1 = [[Amit Trivedi]], [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Anusha Mani]]
| title2 = Shaam Shaandaar
| length2 = 03:57
| lyrics2 = [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| extra2 = [[Amit Trivedi]]
| title3 = Nazdeekiyaan
| length3 = 03:26
| lyrics3 = [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| extra3 = [[Nikhil Paul George]], [[Neeti Mohan]]
| title4 = Senti Wali Mental
| length4 = 09:02
| lyrics4 = [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| extra4 = [[Arijit Singh]], [[Amit Trivedi]], [[Swanand Kirkire]], Neeti Mohan
| title5 = Raitaa Phailgaya
| length5 = 03:55
| lyrics5 = Amitabh Bhattacharya
| extra5 = [[Amit Trivedi]], [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]
| title6 = Neend Na Mujhko Aaye
| length6 = 04:16
| lyrics6 = P L Santoshi
| extra6 = [[Siddharth Basrur]], [[Saba Azad]]
| title7 = Eena Meena Deeka
| length7 = 03:06
| lyrics7 = Rajender Krishan
| extra7 = [[Amit Trivedi]] & Rachel Varghese
| total_length = {{Duration|m=32|s=06}}
}}

==Sequel==
In mid-2024, There were plans to have a sequel of the movie Shaandaar titled ''Shaandaar 2'' which is still in development

==Box office==
The opening day collection was {{INRConvert|11|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mehta |first=Ankita |title='Shaandaar' (Shandaar) opening day box office collection: Shahid Kapoor starrer beats Akshay Kumar's 'Gabbar Is Back', 'Baby' |website=International Business Times, India Edition |date=23 October 2015 |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/shaandaar-shandaar-opening-day-box-office-collection-shahid-kapoor-starrer-beats-akshay-651645 |access-date=30 November 2015}}</ref> After taking a good opening the collections dropped but the overseas collection were good and first five-day collections were {{INRConvert|900|m}}.<ref name="Mehta 2015">{{cite web |last=Mehta |first=Ankita |title='Shaandaar' (Shandaar) worldwide box office collection: Shahid Kapoor starrer earns Rs 50 crore |website=International Business Times, India Edition |date=27 October 2015 |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/shaandaar-shandaar-worldwide-box-office-collection-shahid-kapoor-starrer-earns-rs-50-crore-652185 |access-date=30 November 2015}}</ref> After 16 days in theatres, the worldwide collection was estimated as {{INRconvert|597|m}}.<ref name="Hungama 2015">{{cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |title=Special Features: Box Office: Worldwide Collections of Shaandaar |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=23 October 2015 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/536 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025140421/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/536 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 October 2015 |access-date=30 November 2015}}</ref>
The film was declared as a box-office failure after a full run in theatres.<ref name="India 2015">{{cite web |author=India |title=After 'Shaandaar' debacle, Vikas Bahl still raring to go |website=The Indian Express |date=24 November 2015 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/after-shaandaar-debacle-vikas-bahl-still-raring-to-go/ |access-date=30 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="IBNLive 2015">{{cite web |title=In 'Shaandaar', the sense of humour did not work with people; only I found it funny, says director Vikas Bahl |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=25 November 2015 |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/in-shaandaar-the-sense-of-humour-did-not-work-with-people-only-i-found-it-funny-says-director-vikas-bahl-1168483.html |access-date=30 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="India Today 2015">{{cite web |title=After Shaandaar debacle, Shahid and Mira to dance at Madhu-Masaba's sangeet? : Celebrities, News |website=India Today |date=14 November 2015 |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/after-shaandaar-debacle-shahid-and-mira-to-dance-at-madhu-masabas-sangeet/1/522834.html |access-date=30 November 2015}}</ref> The success of ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2]]'' was considered to add to the film's failure.<ref name="dna 2015">{{cite web |title=Did 'Pyaar ka Punchnama 2' prove detrimental to 'Shaandaar' and 'Main Aur Charles'? |website=dna |date=31 October 2015 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-did-pyaar-ka-punchnama-2-prove-detrimental-to-shaandaar-and-main-aur-charles-2140648 |access-date=30 November 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|4007558}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|shaandaar}}

{{Vikas Bahl}}
{{Karan Johar}}
{{Dharma Productions}}
{{Anurag Kashyap}}

[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Films shot in England]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2015 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Amit Trivedi]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mikey McCleary]]
[[Category:Fox Star Studios films]]
[[Category:Indian films with live action and animation]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vikas Bahl]]

Satish Dhawan Space Centre

2026-03-01T11:09:29Z

Saurabh: enhanced section and corrected details after review

{{Short description|Spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Redirect|SHAR|the video game|The Simpsons: Hit & Run}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox launch pad
|name = Satish Dhawan Space Centre
|image = LVM3_M3,_OneWeb_India-2_campaign_30.webp
|caption = [[LVM3]] M3 on the [[#Second Launch Pad|SLP]] with 36 [[Eutelsat OneWeb|OneWeb]] satellites (2023).
|site =
|short = SDSC
|tlaunches = [[List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches#Launch statistics|105]]
|unknown=
|location = [[Sriharikota]], [[Tirupati district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
|coordinates ={{coord|13.72|N|80.23|E|display=inline,title}}
|time_zone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset = +05:30
|operator = [[ISRO]]
|pads = Operational: 3 Retired: 1 Planned: 1
|pad1 = SLV/ASLV Launch Pad
|status = Retired
|first = [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]] / [[Rohini (satellite)|RS-1]] 9 August 1979
|last = [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle|ASLV-D2]] 20 September 1993
|rockets = {{ubl
|[[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV-3]]
|[[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle|ASLV]]
}}
|pad2 = First Launch Pad
|first2 = [[PSLV-D1]]/[[IRS-1E]] 20 September 1993, 05:12:00 ([[UTC]])
|last2 = [[PSLV-C62]]/[[EOS-N1]] 12 January 2026, 04:48 ([[UTC]])
|status2 = In service
|rockets2 = {{ubl
|[[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] (Active)
|[[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLV Mk I]] (Retired)
|[[Small Satellite Launch Vehicle|SSLV]] (Active)
}}
|pad3 = Second Launch Pad
|first3 = [[PSLV-C6]]/[[Cartosat-1]] 5 May 2005, 04:44:00 ([[UTC]])
|last3 = [[LVM3|LVM3-M6]]/BlueBird Block 2 24 December 2025, 03:25 ([[UTC]])
|status3 = In service
|rockets3 = {{ubl
|[[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] (Active)
|[[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLV]] (Active)
|[[LVM3]] (Active)
}}
|paddetails = {{Infobox launch pad/pad
| designation = Third Launch Pad
| status = Under construction
| launches =
| first =
| first_details =
| last =
| last_details =
| rockets = {{ubl
|[[LVM3]] (Future)
|[[Next Generation Launch Vehicle|NGLV]] (Future)
}}
}}
{{Infobox launch pad/pad
| designation = ALP-01 (Dhanush) Launch Pad
| status = In Service
| launches = 1
| first = 30 May 2024
| first_details = [[Agnibaan SOrTeD]]
| last = 30 May 2024
| last_details = Agnibaan SOrTeD
| rockets = {{ubl
|Agnibaan SOrTeD (Active)
|[[Agnibaan]] (Future)
}}
}}
}}

'''Satish Dhawan Space Centre – SDSC''' (formerly '''Sriharikota Range – SHAR''')<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission/fishing-hamlet-to-red-planet-download-e-book|title=From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey|editor1-last=Rao|editor1-first=P. V. Manoranjan|editor2=B. N. Suresh|editor3=V. P. Balagangadharan|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2015|isbn=9789351776901|location=India|pages=328|language=en|chapter=4.1 The Spaceport of ISRO – K. Narayana|quote=This centre was originally named SHAR (an acronym for Sriharikota Range) by Sarabhai. SHAR in Sanskrit also means arrow, symbolic of the nature of activity and that seems to be the significance of the acronym.|access-date=4 February 2018|archive-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308184429/https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission/fishing-hamlet-to-red-planet-download-e-book|url-status=dead}}</ref> is the primary [[spaceport]] of [[ISRO]], located in [[Sriharikota]], an island in [[Tirupati district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The spaceport is located on an island off the east coast of India, surrounded by [[Pulicat Lake]] and the [[Bay of Bengal]]. The distance of Sriharikota from [[Chennai]] is {{convert|105|km|mi|abbr=on}} and from Nellore is 119 km (74mi).

The Centre currently has three functioning launch pads used for launching [[sounding rocket]]s, [[Polar (satellite)|polar satellites]] and [[geosynchronous satellite]]s. India's Lunar exploration probes [[Chandrayaan-1]], [[Chandrayaan-2]], [[Chandrayaan-3]], [[Mars Orbiter Mission]], solar research mission [[Aditya-L1]] and space observatory [[XPoSat]] were also launched from SDSC.

Originally called Sriharikota Range (SHAR), the centre was renamed on 5 September 2002 as a tribute to ISRO's former chairman [[Satish Dhawan]] with retaining its original acronym and is referred as '''SDSC-SHAR'''.

== History ==
[[Sriharikota]] island was chosen in 1969 for a satellite launching station. It is located 80 km (50 mi) north of [[Chennai]]. The centre became operational on 9 October 1971 when an [[Rohini sounding rocket series|RH-125]] [[sounding rocket]] was launched.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/rh-125.html |title=RH-125 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Astronautica]] |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116172839/http://www.astronautix.com/r/rh-125.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first attempted launch of an orbital [[satellite]], [[Rohini (satellite)|Rohini 1A]] aboard a [[Satellite Launch Vehicle]], took place on 10 August 1979, but due to a failure in thrust vectoring of the rocket's second stage, the satellite's orbit decayed on 19 August 1979.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/slv.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228040957/http://astronautix.com/s/slv.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2016 |title=SLV |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica}}</ref> SHAR was named as 'Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR' (SDSC), on 5 September 2002, in memory of Satish Dhawan, former chairman of the ISRO.

The SHAR facility now consists of two launch pads, with the second built in 2005. The second launch pad was used for launches beginning in 2005 and is a universal launch pad, accommodating all of the [[launch vehicle]]s used by [[ISRO]]. The two launch pads will allow multiple launches in a single year, which was not possible earlier. India's lunar orbiter [[Chandrayaan-1]] launched from the centre at 6:22 AM [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] on 22 October 2008. India's first Mars orbiter [[Mangalyaan]] was launched from the centre on 5 November 2013, which was successfully placed into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.

Initially under [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]] existing launch facilities will be augmented to meet the target of launching a crewed spacecraft called ''[[Gaganyaan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/nov/15/indias-human-space-programme-gets-a-fillip-1898396.html|title=India's human space programme gets a fillip|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=12 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112095045/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/nov/15/indias-human-space-programme-gets-a-fillip-1898396.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

SDSC's current director is E.S.Padhmakumar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shar.gov.in/sdscshar/ourDirector.jsp|title=SDSC-SHAR Website|website=www.shar.gov.in|access-date=12 August 2019|archive-date=20 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251020051723/https://www.shar.gov.in/sdscshar/ourDirector.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-03 |title=Padmakumar E.S. is the new director of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/padmakumar-es-is-the-new-director-of-satish-dhawan-space-centre-sriharikota/article69890083.ece |access-date=2026-03-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He took over from Arumugam Rajarajan on 1 August .

== Location ==
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) is located in [[Sriharikota]], a spindle-shaped [[barrier island]], in [[Tirupati district]], on the east coast of Andhra Pradesh. Features like a good launch [[azimuth]] corridor for various missions, nearness to the equator (benefiting eastward launches), and large uninhabited area for a safety zone make it an ideal spaceport.<ref name="SDSC">{{cite web|title=About SDSC SHAR|url=https://www.shar.gov.in/sdscshar/newAboutus.jsp|publisher=ISRO|access-date=7 May 2023|archive-date=6 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506054425/https://www.shar.gov.in/sdscshar/newAboutus.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref>

SHAR covers a total area of about {{convert|145|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} with a coastal length of {{convert|27|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Prior to its acquisition for ISRO by the [[Government of India]], it was a firewood plantation of Eucalyptus and Casuarina trees. This island is affected by both south-westerly and north-easterly monsoons, but heavy rains come only in October and November. Thus many clear days are available for out-door static tests and launchings.<ref>[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SPACE/space-centers.html#SHAR%20-%20Sriharikota%20Launching%20Range] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906093012/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SPACE/space-centers.html|date=6 September 2009}} Sriharikota Launching Range-Source Bharatrakshak.com</ref>

SHAR is linked to [[Sullurupeta]] by a road across [[Pulicat Lake]]. Sullurupeta has connectivity with other parts of India by [[Indian Railways]] and is on a [[National Highway 16 (India)]] that connects it to [[Chennai]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref name="SDSC" />

== Launch history ==
{{Main|List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches}}

Originally known as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR)<ref name=":0" /> and later named after [[Satish Dhawan]]. It is India's primary orbital launch site to this day. First flight-test of 'Rohini-125', a small sounding rocket which took place on 9 October 1971 was the first rocket launch from SHAR.<ref>{{cite news |title=SDSC: Planet Vision |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20091019-sdsc-planet-vision-741071-2009-10-15 |access-date=5 April 2020 |date=15 October 2009 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806215942/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20091019-sdsc-planet-vision-741071-2009-10-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Since then technical, logistic and administrative infrastructure have been enhanced. Together with the northerly Balasore Rocket Launching Station, the facilities are operated under the ISRO Range Complex (IREX) headquartered at SHAR.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asia.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=17981 |title=Unveiling of the Bust of Satish Dhawan at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota & Presentation of Astronautical Society of India Awards by Prime Min | SpaceRef Asia – Space News and Reference |access-date=6 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707103329/http://asia.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=17981 |archive-date=7 July 2012 }} Unveiling of the Bust of Satish Dhawan at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota & Presentation of Astronautical Society of India Awards by Prime Minister-Press Release, Date Released: Wednesday, 21 September 2005, Source: Indian Space Research Organisation</ref>

=== Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV)-''RETIRED'' ===
The range became operational when three [[Rohini sounding rocket series|Rohini]] 125 sounding rockets were launched on 9 and 10 October 1971. Previously, India used [[Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station]] (TERLS), at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], on the south-western coast of India, to launch sounding rockets. The first test launch of the complete [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV-3]] rocket occurred in August 1979 but it was only partially successful following a malfunction in the second-stage guidance system. SHAR facilities worked satisfactorily during the SLV-3 preparation and launch. On 18 July 1980 the SLV-3 successfully launched India's third satellite. Out of the four SLV launches from SHAR, two were successful.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

=== Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV)-''RETIRED'' ===
The [[ASLV]] orbital launcher was integrated vertically, beginning with motor and subassembly preparations in the Vehicle Integration Building (VIB) and completed on the pad within the 40 m tall Mobile Service Structure. The first ASLV launch from SHAR took place in 1987 and resulted in a failure. Eventually, out the four ASLV launches from 1987 to 1994, only one was successful. {{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

=== Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) ===
The [[PSLV|Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] launch complex was commissioned during 1990. It has a 3,450 tonne,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Specification For Refurbishment Of MST Traction System Hydraulic Interconnection Plumbing And Associated Valves|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro20-04-5811.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213124252/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro20-04-5811.pdf|archive-date=13 February 2022}}</ref> 76.5 m high Mobile Service Tower (MST) which provides the SP-3 payload clean room. The solid propellant motors for the PSLV are processed by SHAR, which also carries out launch operations. The first launch of the PSLV took place on 20 September 1993.<ref>{{cite web|title=India (Launchers)|url=http://claudelafleur.qc.ca/Indians-launchers.html|website=Spacecraft Encyclopedia|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-date=20 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520142430/http://claudelafleur.qc.ca/Indians-launchers.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) ===
The first launch of India's [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (GSLV) was successfully completed on 18 April 2001. GSLV, with its own cryogenic upper stage, has enabled the launch of communications satellites of the class up to 2 tonnes. The next variant of GSLV is GSLV Mk III with its own cryogenic high-thrust engine and stage capable of launching communications satellites of the 4-ton class.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Launchers.html | title=Launchers | access-date=26 October 2022 | archive-date=23 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223112550/https://www.isro.gov.in/Launchers.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Facilities ==
[[File:PSLV-C55, TeLEOS-2 - Panaromic view of SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota. Partial stack of first and second stage being transferred from PIF to MST-FLP.webp|thumb|Panoramic view of SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota]]
[[File:GSLV F11- Vehicle being moved from Solid Stage Assembly Building at SDSC SHAR.jpg|thumb|Vehicle being moved from the Solid Stage Assembly Building]]
[[File:GSLV Mk III M1, Chandrayaan-2 - GSLV Mk III M1 vehicle coming out of the Vehicle Assembly Building..jpg|thumb|Vehicle coming out of the Vehicle Assembly Building]]
The SDSC has two operational orbital launch pads. SHAR is ISRO's satellite launching base and additionally provides launch facilities for the full range of [[Rohini (rocket family)|Rohini sounding rockets]]. The Vehicle Assembly, Static Test and Evaluation Complex (VAST, previously STEX) and the Solid Propellant Space Booster Plant (SPROB) are located at SHAR for casting and testing solid motors. The site also has a Telemetry, Tracking, Range Instrumentation, & Control centre for Range Operation (RO), Liquid Propellant Storage and Servicing Facilities (LSSF), the Management Service Group and Sriharikota Common Facilities. The [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] launch complex was commissioned in 1990. It has a 3,450 tonne, 76.5 m high Mobile Service Tower (MST) which provides the SP-3 payload clean room.<ref>[http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Space-Systems-and-Industry/Satish-Dhawan-Space-Centre-SDSC-Sriharikota-Range-SHAR-India.html] Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota Range (SHAR) (India), Civil space organisations – Launch facilities, Source – Jane's Information Group</ref>

The Solid Propellant Space Booster Plant (SPROB) processes large size propellant grains for the satellite launch vehicles. The Vehicle Assembly & Launching Facility (VALF), Solid Motor Preparation & Environmental Testing Facility (SMP&ETF) tests and qualifies different types of solid motor for launch vehicles. The control centre at SHAR houses computers and data processing, closed circuit television, real-time tracking systems and meteorological observation equipment. It is linked to eight radars located at Sriharikota and the five stations of ISRO's Telemetry, Tracking & Command Network ([[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network|ISTRAC]]).{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

The propellant production plant produces composite solid propellant for rocket motors of ISRO using ammonium perchlorate (oxidiser), fine aluminium powder (fuel) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (binder). The solid motors processed here include those for the first-stage booster motor of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) — a five segmented motor of {{cvt|2.8|m}} diameter and {{cvt|22|m}} length, weighing {{convert|160|t}} with a thrust level of {{convert|450|t}}.

Rocket motors and their subsystems have to be rigorously tested and evaluated on ground before they are declared flight worthy. The facilities at SDSC are used for testing solid rocket motors, both at ambient conditions and simulated high altitude conditions. Besides these, there are facilities for conducting vibration, shock, constant acceleration and thermal/humidity tests.

SDSC has infrastructure for launching satellites into low Earth orbit, polar orbit and geo-stationary transfer orbit. The launch complexes provide support for vehicle assembly, fueling, checkout and launch operations. The centre also has facilities for launching sounding rockets for atmospheric studies. The mobile service tower, launch pad, preparation facilities for different launch stages & spacecraft, storage, transfer and servicing facilities for liquid propellants, etc., are the principal parts of the PSLV/GSLV launch complex.

For supporting the LVM3, additional facilities were set up at SDSC. A new plant (SPP) is set up to process heavier class boosters with 200 tonnes of Solid propellant. The static test complex is being augmented for qualifying the S-200 booster. Other new facilities include a Solid Stage Assembly Building, Satellite Preparation and Filling Facility and Hardware Storage buildings. The existing [[Liquid rocket propellant|liquid propellant]] and [[Cryogenic fuel|cryogenic propellant]] storage and filling systems, Propellant Servicing Facilities will also be augmented. The range instrumentation system will be enhanced further.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

SDSC also has a [[S band]] [[Weather radar|doppler weather radar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/pages/radar_main.php?adta=shr|title=IMD – Radar Images and Products|website=www.imd.gov.in|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906014149/http://www.imd.gov.in/pages/radar_main.php?adta=shr|url-status=live}}</ref> that contributes to [[India Meteorological Department]] radar network and serves as a stand-in for Doppler weather radar in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/oct/30/imd-expanding-radar-network-for-improved-forecasts-1686624.html|title=IMD expanding radar network for improved forecasts|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906052442/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/oct/30/imd-expanding-radar-network-for-improved-forecasts-1686624.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Inauguration of Launch View Gallery at SDSC-SHAR 06.jpg|thumb|Launch View Gallery at SDSC]]
ISRO opened a viewing gallery at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in March 2019. The gallery faces the two launchpads and can accommodate 5,000 people giving the general public the opportunity to witness rocket launches. The launch of [[PSLV-C45]] on 1 April 2019 was the first launch that allowed spectators into the gallery.<ref>{{cite news |title=Isro finally opens door for people to watch rocket launches – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-finally-opens-door-for-people-to-watch-rocket-launches/articleshow/68644933.cms |website=The Times of India |date=30 March 2019 |access-date=30 March 2019 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331203814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-finally-opens-door-for-people-to-watch-rocket-launches/articleshow/68644933.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Launch pads ==
{{geoGroup}}

=== SLV-3 Launch Pad ===
The '''SLV3 Launch Pad''', located at {{Coord|13.6664|80.2272|name=SLV3 Launch Pad}}, began operation in 1979 and was decommissioned in 1994. It was used by two [[launch vehicle]]s of the ISRO: the [[Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (SLV) and the [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (ASLV).<ref name="SS">{{cite web | url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/sritaslv.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201192211/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/sritaslv.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 December 2008 | title=Sriharikota SLV | publisher=[[Encyclopedia Astronautica]] | access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Initially it was built for launching SLV-3s but was later also used as an ASLV launch complex.<ref name="HarveySmid2011">{{cite book|author1=Brian Harvey|author2=Henk H. F. Smid|author3=Théo Pirard|title=Emerging Space Powers: The New Space Programs of Asia, the Middle East and South-America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XD1ZaYbiWwMC&pg=PA247|date=30 January 2011|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4419-0874-2|pages=247–}}</ref> The first launch from this pad occurred on 10 August 1979, and was that of the first experimental flight of [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV-3]] carrying the [[Rohini (satellite)#Rohini Technology Payload|Rohini Technology Payload]] satellite. The last flight was of [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle|ASLV]] on 4 May 1994 carrying [[Stretched Rohini Satellite Series#SROSS C2|SROSS-C2]].<ref name="SS" />

=== First Launch Pad ===
[[File:Panaromic view of fully integrated PSLV-C40 with Mobile Service Tower withdrawn.jpg|thumb|PSLV C40 in XL configuration before launch at First Launch Pad]]
The First Launch Pad (FLP),<ref name="ISRO-LF">{{Cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/GroundFacilities/launchfacility.aspx|title=Launch Facility|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417071046/http://www.isro.org/GroundFacilities/launchfacility.aspx|archive-date=17 April 2010}}</ref> located at {{Coord|13.7333|80.2347|name=First Launch Pad}}, began operation in 1993. It is currently used to launch the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]], and formerly used by the [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]]. It is one of two operational orbital launch pads at the site, the other being the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad|Second Launch Pad]],<ref>{{cite news | url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1481646.ece | title=ISRO planning big missions this year | work=New Indian Express | date=28 February 2013 | agency=The New Indian Express | access-date=6 March 2013 | location=Kerala, India | archive-date=15 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315132312/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1481646.ece | url-status=dead }}</ref> which opened in 2005. The first launch from this pad occurred on 20 September 1993, and was the maiden flight of the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) carrying the [[IRS-1E]] satellite. The maiden flight of the [[Small Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (SSLV) also occurred from this pad on 7 August 2022.

The FLP is undergoing major expansion with PIF (PSLV Integration Facilities) project worth {{INRConvert|475|c|lk=on}}. Once complete, the first launch pad is expected to cater to around 12-15 launches per year.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prajasakti.com/Article/Nellor/2004423 |title=PIF Project |publisher=Prajasakti |access-date=4 February 2018 |archive-date=4 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204124127/http://www.prajasakti.com/Article/Nellor/2004423 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-16 |title=Cabinet approves the establishment of “Third Launch Pad” |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2093360 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>

;PSLV Integration Facility
As part of three space infrastructure projects totaling [[₹]]1,800 [[crore]], [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] formally inaugurated the PSLV Integration Facility (PIF) at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, from the [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] (VSSC) on 27 February 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=PM visits Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Inaugurates three important space infrastructure projects worth about Rs 1800 crores |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2009320 |access-date=1 January 2025 |agency=Prime Minister's Office, Government of India |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=27 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-27 |title=Watch: PM Modi inaugurates 3 major space projects of ISRO |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-inaugurates-3-major-space-infrastructure-projects-of-isro-in-kerala-watch-11709014342909.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913055542/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-inaugurates-3-major-space-infrastructure-projects-of-isro-in-kerala-watch-11709014342909.html |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=2025-01-01 |work=mint |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Instead of being assembled and integrated at Vehicle Assembly and Launching Facility (VALF) and Mobile Service Tower (MST) respectively, the PSLV-C60 launch vehicle for [[SpaDeX|SpaDeX mission]] was for the first time assembled in the new PIF building and transported to the launch pad to reduce the lead-in time between missions. The PIF building is an extension of the FLP. It can assist the integration, checkout, and launch of private sector rockets from firms like [[Skyroot Aerospace]] and [[AgniKul Cosmos]] as well as smaller launch vehicles like SSLV.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Dutt |first=Anonna |date=2024-12-30 |title=Why ISRO’s ‘docking’ mission today is critical for India’s space ambitions |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/isro-docking-mission-significance-space-9751091/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramesh |first=Sandhya |date=2024-03-02 |title=How ISRO's PSLV Integration Facility launch at Sriharikota will help India’s space ecosystem |url=https://theprint.in/science/how-isros-pslv-integration-facility-launch-at-sriharikota-will-help-indias-space-ecosystem/1985181/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Second Launch Pad ===
[[File:Second Launch Pad.jpg|thumb|Second Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
[[File:The fully integrated GSLV-F05 carrying INSAT-3DR approaching the second launch pad.jpg|thumb|The fully integrated GSLV-F05 carrying INSAT-3DR approaching the Second Launch Pad]]
The Second Launch Pad (SLP), located at {{Coord|13.7199|80.2305|name=Second Launch Pad}}, was designed, supplied, erected and commissioned by [[MECON (company)|MECON Limited]], a Government of Indian Enterprise, located at Ranchi (Jharkhand, India) during the period March 1999 to December 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meconlimited.co.in/FlashNews/Chandrayaan.pdf|title=Launching of Chandrayaan – I from Second Launch Pad at Sriharikota Makes Mecon Proud|access-date=3 September 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220171630/http://www.meconlimited.co.in/FlashNews/Chandrayaan.pdf|archive-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> It cost about {{INRconvert|400|c|year=2005|lk=on}} at that time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081023/jsp/jharkhand/story_10006297.jsp |title=Mecon, HEC over the moon |website=The Telegraph |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221024057/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081023/jsp/jharkhand/story_10006297.jsp |archive-date=21 December 2013}}</ref> It serves as a launchpad for [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLV]] and [[LVM3]] as well as a standby for PSLV.<ref name=":3" /> It takes about Six to Eight weeks following a launch to refurbish the launch pad to support another launch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=2024-12-14 |title=NISAR planned to launch in March 2025 after antenna repairs |url=http://spacenews.com/nisar-planned-to-launch-in-march-2025-after-antenna-repairs/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref>

The second launch pad with associated facilities was built in 2005 and became operational on 5 May with the launching of [[PSLV-C6]]. MECON's sub-contractors for this project including Inox India, HEC, Tata Growth, Goderej Boyce, Simplex, Nagarjuna Construction, Steelage, etc. The other Launch Pad being the FLP. It is used by PSLV, GSLV, LVM3 and is intended for India's first [[Gaganyaan|crewed space mission]].<ref name="ISRO-LF" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/RO/11/2019-20|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sdsc-shar-srhps-gt-ro-11-2019-2020|date=7 November 2019|access-date=22 November 2019|publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108102554/https://www.isro.gov.in/sdsc-shar-srhps-gt-ro-11-2019-2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The first launch from the pad occurred on 5 May 2005, and was of a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle carrying the [[Cartosat-1]] and [[HAMSAT]] satellites.<ref name=ea20100412>{{Cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/sritaslp.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201193737/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/sritaslp.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2008|title=Sriharikota SLP|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=12 April 2010}}</ref> India's 1st Moon Mission, [[Chandrayaan-1]] was launched from this launch pad on 22 October 2008. Its follow-up missions were also launched from this launch pad, where [[Chandrayaan-2]] was launched on 22 July 2019 and [[Chandrayaan-3]] was launched on 14 July 2023.

In November 2019, ISRO released tenders for augmentation of the SLP for the Gaganyaan project.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RFP TO REALISE HYDRANT SYSTEM FOR AUGMENTED FACILITIES AT SLP COMPLEX (ASLP) SDSC, SHAR SRIHARIKOTA|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12242.pdf|date=7 November 2019|access-date=22 November 2019|publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012081817/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12242.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Work Contract to carry out Video and Still Photography documentation coverage and VIDEO Editing Works of Technical Photography Facility|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12323.pdf|date=7 November 2019|access-date=22 November 2019|publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108102438/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12323.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIAL, FABRICATION, ERECTION AND COMMISSIONING OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS FOR GAGANYAAN MISSION AT UMBILICAL TOWER OF SECOND LAUNCH PAD (SLP)|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12444.pdf|date=7 November 2019|access-date=22 November 2019|publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012075917/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12444.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=REALISATION OF NEW HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR CREW ACCESS ARM (CAA) and AUGMENTATION/MODIFICATION OF EXISTING SCVRP-3 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR SERVICING GAGANYAAN MISSION AT UMBILICAL TOWER (UT) OF SECOND LAUNCH PAD (SLP)|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12508.pdf|date=7 November 2019|access-date=22 November 2019|publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015062919/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12508.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Systems such as a crew ingress and egress system, access platform, recovery setup for emergencies during the flight's ascent phase, module preparation facility for assembly and testing along with an [[helipad]] are built at a cost of about ₹2000 crore. All the facilities will be connected an upcoming Gaganyaan control facility, which will monitor and communicate with the Astronauts during the Spaceflight.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mission Gaganyaan: A small stepway for man, a giant leap for India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/a-small-stepway-for-man-a-giant-leap-for-india/articleshow/108829703.cms |access-date=1 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Third Launch Pad ===
A Third Launch Pad (TLP) was proposed in 2012<ref>{{cite news|author=Chandrashekar, Nandini|date=2 June 2012|title=3rd launch pad to be built|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|location=Bangalore|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/63143/3rd-launch-pad-built.html|access-date=21 November 2020|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126181058/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/63143/3rd-launch-pad-built.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=12th Five Year Plan of the Department of Space Working Group WG-14 Report |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp12/sandt/wg_dos2905.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404223826/http://planningcommission.gov.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp12/sandt/wg_dos2905.pdf |archive-date=4 April 2016 |pages=84, 106}}</ref> with estimated cost to be {{INRConvert|500|c}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=High-tech third launch pad in Sriharikota soon |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/468464/high-tech-third-launch-pad.html |access-date=23 July 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=29 March 2015 |language=en |archive-date=23 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723232055/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/468464/high-tech-third-launch-pad.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This launch pad is intended to be used for [[Next Generation Launch Vehicle|NGLV]] and LVM3.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-01/india/32494121_1_sriharikota-gslv-mk-iii-heavier-satellites | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130619212840/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-01/india/32494121_1_sriharikota-gslv-mk-iii-heavier-satellites | url-status=dead | archive-date=19 June 2013 | title=Isro to build third launchpad at Sriharikota | date=1 July 2012 | agency=[[Times of India]] | work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=8 June 2013}}</ref> The launch pad will be used for India's future [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme|human space missions]].<ref name="India today">{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/isro-to-begin-process-for-human-space-flight-mission-65857-2010-01-25 | title=ISRO to begin process for Human Space Flight Mission | work=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] | date=26 January 2010 | agency=[[India Today]] | access-date=8 June 2013 | location=Hyderabad}}</ref> Main reasons behind establishing this launch pad were that it will provide redundancy to existing launch pads as well as increase the frequency of orbital launches from SDSC-SHAR with a new larger assembly facility called Second Vehicle Assembly Building (SVAB) serving it.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indiandefence.com/forums/strategic-geopolitical-issues/19518-isro-build-third-launch-pad-spaceport.html | title=ISRO To Build A Third Launch Pad at Spaceport | work=Indiadefence.com | date=2 June 2012 | access-date=8 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

But due to lack of budgetary resources and delays in LVM3 being operational and subsequent conceptualization of next generation launch vehicles that Third Launch Pad was supposed to serve, the project has not been approved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2017 |title=Report No. 298- Demands for Grants (2017–2018) of the Department of Space (Demand No. 91) |url=http://164.100.47.5/newcommittee/reports/EnglishCommittees/Committee%20on%20S%20and%20T%2C%20Env.%20and%20Forests/298.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424113808/http://164.100.47.5/newcommittee/reports/EnglishCommittees/Committee%20on%20S%20and%20T,%20Env.%20and%20Forests/298.pdf |archive-date=24 April 2017 |quote=The Committee notes that the Department envisioned establishment of Third Launch Pad at Sriharikota to support the increased launch frequency of PSLV, and GSLV during the 12th Plan period whereas no budgetary support has been sought by the Department for the purpose during the years 2015–16 and 2016–17. The Committee fails to understand as to why the Department did not seek any budgetary support for the purpose. The Committee strongly feels that the Department has failed to lay due focus on the establishment of Third Launch Pad. The Committee, therefore, recommends the Department to furnish the reasons for being so tardy on this count.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO proposes to set up a new launch pad, referred as Third Launch Pad, at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=116880 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722192201/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=116880 |archive-date=22 July 2023 |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=pib.gov.in |quote=The possible site for the Third Launch Pad has been identified in Sriharikota taking into account the safety distances and maximal utilisation of existing launch pad facilities. However, further work on design of the launch pad will be taken up at an appropriate time after finalising the configuration of the advanced launch vehicle, operationalisation of GSLV MIII, programmatic requirements and resource availability.}}</ref> Second Vehicle Assembly Building (SVAB) facility was established in 2019 and currently serves Second Launch Pad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2019–20, Department of Space |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20%28English%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214130824/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20%28English%29.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2020 |quote=Second vehicle Assembly Building (SVAB):The Second Vehicle Assembly Building (SVAB) is realised and is ready for integration of GSLV Mk-II, GSLV-MkIII and future missions of the Indian Space Programme.It has been dedicated to the nation by the Honourable President of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind on 14th of July 2019}}</ref>

In 2018, after the announcement of the [[Gaganyaan]] project under the [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]], it was thought a new launch pad might be needed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/isro-setting-up-launch-pad-for-gaganyaan-mission/article25010147.ece|title=ISRO setting up launch pad for Gaganyaan mission|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=21 September 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=22 September 2018|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=8 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608222932/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/isro-setting-up-launch-pad-for-gaganyaan-mission/article25010147.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> However, it was decided to augment the SLP for crewed flights instead.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2018 |title=Government Of India Department Of Space Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1733 |url=https://164.100.158.235/question/annex/247/Au1733.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722201243/https://164.100.158.235/question/annex/247/Au1733.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2023 |quote=It is proposed to utilise the existing launch pad with augmentation for carrying out the initial flights under the Gaganyaan manned space flight programme.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/shows/ndtv-special-ndtv-24x7/inside-india-s-2022-space-mission-ndtv-special-491571?rdr=1 |title=Inside India's 2022 Space Mission: NDTV Special |date=15 August 2018 |time=18 min.45 sec. |access-date=22 July 2023 |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722202530/https://www.ndtv.com/video/shows/ndtv-special-ndtv-24x7/inside-india-s-2022-space-mission-ndtv-special-491571?rdr=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIAL, FABRICATION, ERECTION AND COMMISSIONING OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS FOR GAGANYAAN MISSION AT UMBILICAL TOWER OF SECOND LAUNCH PAD (SLP)|url = https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12444.pdf|date = 7 November 2019|access-date = 22 November 2019|publisher = [[Indian Space Research Organization]]|website = www.isro.gov.in|archive-date = 12 October 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201012075917/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12444.pdf|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = REALISATION OF NEW HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR CREW ACCESS ARM (CAA) & AUGMENTATION/MODIFICATION OF EXISTING SCVRP-3 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR SERVICING GAGANYAAN MISSION AT UMBILICAL TOWER (UT) OF SECOND LAUNCH PAD (SLP)|url = https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12508.pdf|date = 7 November 2019|access-date = 22 November 2019|publisher = [[Indian Space Research Organization]]|website = www.isro.gov.in|archive-date = 15 October 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201015062919/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12508.pdf|url-status = live}}</ref> Instead it would be developed for use by the upcoming NGLV rocket.<ref>{{Cite news |title=SOORYA: Project team for rocket to build space station ready; 3rd launch pad at Sriharikota to come up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/soorya-project-team-for-rocket-to-build-space-station-ready-3rd-launch-pad-at-sriharikota-to-come-up/articleshow/108472896.cms |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 8 October 2024, [[India Today]] reported that the proposal has been present in front of the space cabinet for final budget approval. It is proposed to have NGLV horizontally integrated, requiring a different set of changes as compared to the other launch pads.The new facility will also accommodate more [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid engine boosters]], necessitating a redesigned [[Jet blast deflector|jet deflector]] system.It is planned for the third launch pad to be used for entire-stage testing, streamlining test operations for ISRO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Isro to build third launch pad at Sriharikota, Cabinet approval pending |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/isro-to-build-third-launch-pad-at-sriharikota-cabinet-approval-pending-2613238-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

On 16 January 2025, the [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Cabinet]] cleared the establishment of the TLP. The TLP will be used for both NGLV and LVM3 launches and will act as a standby for SLP. The TLP is to be established within 4 years at a cost of {{INRConvert|3984.86|c|lk=on|year=2025}}.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-16 |title=Cabinet approves the establishment of “Third Launch Pad” |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2093360 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>

=== ALP-01 (Dhanush) Launch Pad ===
[[AgniKul Cosmos]] inaugurated first private launchpad and mission control centre in India at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in [[Sriharikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] on 28 November 2022. The launchpad and the mission control centre are {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} apart from one another. At present, the launchpad can handle liquid stage launch vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2022 |title=Agnikul inaugurates India's first private space vehicle launchpad in Sriharikota |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/agnikul-cosmos-launchpad-mission-control-center-sriharikota-8296006/ |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The pad has received the name ''Dhanush'' and referred as ALP-01.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Space Startup Agnikul Ready For Its Sub-Orbital Rocket Launch On Friday |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/space-start-up-agnikul-ready-for-its-sub-orbital-rocket-agnibaan-launch-on-friday-5270592 |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> All the critical systems performing functions at Agnikul launchpad (ALP) and the Agnikul mission control center (AMCC) have high degree of redundancy to ensure 100% operationality although none of these systems were tested so far.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kandavel |first=Sangeetha |date=28 November 2022 |title=Agnikul Cosmos sets up India's first private space vehicle launchpad at Sriharikota |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/chennai-based-agnikul-cosmos-inaugurates-first-launchpad-mission-control-center-at-sriharikota/article66194809.ece |access-date=30 November 2022 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ISRO's range operations team will monitor key flight safety parameters during launches from ALP while AMCC can share critical data with ISRO's Mission Control Center.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2022 |title=Space start-up Agnikul Cosmos sets up India's first private launch pad |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/space-start-up-agnikul-cosmos-sets-up-india-first-private-launch-pad-2302603-2022-11-28 |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Both the facilities have support of ISRO and [[Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre]] (IN-SPACe).<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2022 |title=Space startup Agnikul Cosmos inaugurates India's first private launchpad at Sriharikota |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/science/space-startup-agnikul-cosmos-inaugurates-indias-first-private-launchpad-at-sriharikota/2895477/ |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal bar|India|Rocketry|Spaceflight}}
* [[SSLV Launch Complex]]
* [[Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station]]
* [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]]
* [[List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.shar.gov.in/ Satish Dhawan Space Centre]An[http://www.shar.gov.in/ Officiproposed]
*[http://www.isro.org/Chandrayaan/htmls/home.htm Chandrayaan-1]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020124024249/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/sriikota.htm Sriharikota on Encyclopedia Astronautica]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101030063119/http://www.sharicons.com/shar.html About Shar c][http://www.shar.gov.in/ , streamlining payload testing operations.]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Isro to build third launch pad at Sriharikota, Cabinet approval pending |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/isro-to-build-third-launch-pad-at-sriharikota-cabinet-approval-pending-2613238-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101030063119/http://www.sharicons.com/shar.html entre]
*[http://www.fas.org/spp/guide/india/facility/shar.htm Federation of American Scientists: Satish Dhawan Space Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907011500/http://www.fas.org/spp/guide/india/facility/shar.htm |date=7 September 2008 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050820031940/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SPACE/space-centers.html SHAR centre layout]
*[http://www.expressions-kt.in/2016/04/spaceport-of-india-isros-launch.html Spaceport of India – SHAR center of ISRO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413135352/https://expressions-kt.in/2016/04/spaceport-of-india-isros-launch.html |date=13 April 2023 }}

{{ISRO facilities|state=uncollapsed}}
{{Spaceport}}
{{Indian space programme}}
{{Satish Dhawan Space Centre}}
{{Tirupati district}}

[[Category:Satish Dhawan Space Centre| ]]
[[Category:ISRO facilities]]
[[Category:Spaceports in Asia]]
[[Category:Rocket launch sites in India]]
[[Category:Space programme of India]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Tirupati district]]

Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023

2026-02-24T18:58:09Z

Saurabh: Added a entry added tags

{{Short description|Children's literature awards in 2023}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023
| image = साहित्य अकादमी.svg
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader =
| awarded_for = Literary awards for [[children's literature]] in [[Languages of India|Indian languages]]
| sponsor = [[Sahitya Akademi]], [[Government of India]]
| reward = {{INR}} 50,000
| former name =
| previous = [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2022]]
| next = [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2024]]
| website = {{URL|https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp|Official website}}
}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
The '''Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023''' ({{Translation|Children's literature award}}), also known as '''Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023''', is a 2023 literary honour in India, which the [[Sahitya Akademi]], India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers for their contribution in the field of [[Children's literature]] in any of the 22 [[languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution]] as well as in [[English language|English]] and [[Rajasthani language]]. It comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>

== Recipients by language ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Languages
! Authors
! Works
! Genres
! class="unsortable" | References
|-
| [[Assamese language|Assamese]] || Rothindranath Goswami || ''Powalmoni Aru Chichingar Duhxahaxik Abhijan'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || Shyamal Kanti Das || ''Eroplaner Khata'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] || Pratima Nandi Narzaree || ''Gosaini Gwjwn Nwjwr'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Dogri language|Dogri]] || Balwan Singh Jamoria || Kanjkan || Poetry || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
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| [[Indian English|English]] || [[Sudha Murty]] || ''Grandparent's Bag of Stories'' || Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
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| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] || Rakshabahen Prahladrao Dave || ''Hun Myaun, Tun Choon Choon'' || Poetry and Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
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| [[Hindi]] || Suryanath Singh || ''Kotuk App'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
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| [[Kannada]] || Vijayashree Haladi || ''Surakki Gate'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
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| [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] || NO AWARD || || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
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| [[Konkani language|Konkani]] || Tukaram Rama Shet || ''Jaan'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
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| [[Maithili language|Maithili]] || Akshay Anand 'Sunny' || ''Ol Katra, Jhol Katra'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
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| [[Malayalam]] || [[Priya A. S.]] || ''Perumazhayathe Kunjithalukal'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])
| Dilip Nongmaithem
| ''Ibemma Amasung Ngabemma''
| Children's stories
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-05 |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar in Manipuri language for Dilip Nongmaithem |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/bal-sahitya-puraskar-in-manipuri-language-for-dilip-nongmaithem/article67384920.ece |access-date=2023-11-20 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saurabh |date=2023-10-06 |title=Dilip Nongmaithem Receives Bal Sahitya Puraskar In Manipuri Language |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/dilip-nongmaithem-receives-bal-sahitya-puraskar-in-manipuri-language/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=adda247 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces award winners |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/9/29/IMPHAL-Sep-29The-Sahitya-Akademi-has-announced-the-list-of-winners-of-this-year-s-Bal-Sahitya-Purashkar-and.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pothashang |date=2023-09-29 |title=Dilip Nongmaithem to be awarded Bal Sahitya Purashkar {{!}} Pothashang News |url=https://pothashang.in/2023/09/dilip-nongmaithem-to-be-awarded-bal-sahitya-purashkar/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Pothashang |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || Eknath Avhad || ''Chhand Dei Aanand'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]] || Madhusudan Bisht || ''Bal Ekanki Natakharu'' || Play || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Odia language|Odia]] || Jugal Kishore Sarangi || ''Jejenka Gapa Ganthili'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] || Gurmeet Karyalvi || ''Sachi Di Kahani'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] || Kiran Badal || ''Tabran Ri Duniya'' || Memoir || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sanskrit]] || Radha Vallabh Tripathi || ''Manavi'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Santhali language|Santhali]] || [[Mansingh Manjhi|Mansingh Majhi]]|| ''Nene-Pete'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] || Dholan Rahi || ''Vanganmal Ji Shadi'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || Udayasankar || ''Aadhanin Bommai'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || D. K. Chaduvula Babu || ''Vajrala Vanana'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Urdu]] || Mateen Achlpuri || ''Mamta ki Dor'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=सुधा मूर्ति और सूर्यनाथ सिंह सहित 21 लेखक बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार से सम्मानित |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/literature/sahitya-sansar-sahitya-akademi-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-sudha-murty-for-english-surya-nath-singh-in-hindi-language-7819284.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=साहित्य अकादेमी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार 2023 घोषितः हिंदी में सूर्यनाथ सिंह, अंग्रेजी में सुधा मूर्ति विजेताओं में शामिल |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2023-suryanath-singh-for-hindi-sudha-murty-for-english-1721447-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi's Bal Sahitya Puraskar and Yuva Puraskar 2023 awards |url=https://affairscloud.com/sahitya-akademi-announced-winners-of-bal-sahitya-puraskar-and-yuva-puraskar-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]
* [[Yuva Puraskar]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal bar|Arts|Asia|Books|Civilization|India|Languages|Literature|Poetry|Society|Writing}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by year]]

Jayankondam

2026-02-24T03:52:33Z

Saurabh: formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{copy edit|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jayankondam
| other_name =
| nickname = Cashew City
| settlement_type = First Grade Municipality
| image_skyline = GangaiKonda Cholapuram(Front View).JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.212|N|79.365|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Ariyalur
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body = Jayankondan Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 46,000
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 621802
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04331
| registration_plate = TN 61
| website = https://jayankondam.in
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jayankondam''' is a First Grade
Municipality in [[Ariyalur district]] of Tamil Nadu in India. As of 2023, the town had a population of 46,000.

Huge amounts of lignite deposits have been found here and power projects have been initiated by the [[Neyveli Lignite Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article529907.ece| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130518121707/http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article529907.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 18 May 2013| title = Jayankondam Lignite Mine viable: CMD- The New Indian Express}} </ref>

This town has more than 25 temples of various historical periods in the vicinity.

The existing Government Higher Secondary School at Jayankondam is as the old as the town and has nearly 2000 students enrolled.

==Location==
Jayankondam is well-connected with roadways. The national highway NH-81 passes through this town, connects [[Chidambaram]] and [[Tiruchirapalli]]. The state highway SH-140 which connects [[Virudhachalam|Virudachalam]] with [[Kumbakonam]] passes through this town. [[Chennai]] is located 247 km. Kumbakonam is to the south, around 29 km from Jayankondam via the Neelathanallur-Mathanathur bridge. [[Ariyalur]] is 38 km to the west. [[Virudhachalam|Viruthachalam]] is 36 km to the north and [[Chidambaram]] is 50 km to the east.

Jayankondam Town limit extends over an area of 28 km2.

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|92.63}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|4.53}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|2.42}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.06}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.01}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.31}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.03}}}}

According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Jayankondam had a population of 33,945 with a sex-ratio of 1,031 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 3,520 were under the age of six, constituting 1,866 males and 1,654 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 17.88% and 2.06% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 72.%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of : 8664 households. There were a total of 12,359 workers, comprising 611 cultivators, 1,386 main agricultural labourers, 1,004 in house hold industries, 7,592 other workers, 1,766 marginal workers, 87 marginal cultivators, 736 marginal agricultural labourers, 329 marginal workers in household industries and 614 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Jayankondam|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=693108|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Jayankondam (M) had 92.63% [[Hindus]], 4.53% [[Muslims]], 2.42% [[Christians]], 0.06% [[Sikhs]], 0.01% [[Buddhists]], 0.01% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.31% following other religions and 0.03% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

==History==
Jayankondacholapuram is full name of Jayankondam. Original name is Nellimanagramam. The place was renamed as Jayankondacholapuram (ஜெயங்கொண்டசோழபுரம்) during the period of King Rajendracholan (ராஜேந்திரசோழன்) as they (Rajendra and his son) were victorious in many wars and campaigns. Jayankondam was established as town panchayat during [[British Raj|British rule]]. Jayankondam was upgraded as second municipality of Perambalur district after Perambalur.

==Administration and politics==
Jayankondam is second grade municipality. Jayankondam comes under the [[Jayankondam (State Assembly Constituency)|Jayankondam]] State Assembly Constituency and it elect a member to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years. Before 2009 Jayankondam came under Perambalur Lok sabha constituency. After 2009 Jayankondam comes under Chidambaram Lok sabha constituency.

==Transportation==
[[National Highway 81 (India)|NH81]] - Trichy - Jayankondam - Chidambaram, SH140 - Kumbakonam - Jayankondam - Virudhachalam, NH36 - Kumbakonam - Vikravandi, SH139 Jayankondam - Ariyalur, are major roads via Jayankondam. Jayankondam busstand is located in centre of town. TNSTC Jayankondam branch is under Trichy region of Kumbakonam Corporation. Government, Private buses operated to nearby towns Kumbakonam, Mayiladudurai, Virudhachalam, Trichy, Chidambaram, Cuddalore, Puducherry, Neyveli, Thanjavur, Ariyalur, Perambalur, Thuraiyur, Attur, Salem, Chennai, Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Palani, Madurai, Hosur, and Banglore from Jayankondam busstand.

The nearest railway stations are Virudhachalam Junction railway station, 40 km away, Ariyalur Railway station, 38 km away, and Kumbakonam Railway station, 30 km away.

The nearest airport is [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport]], 98 km away.

The nearest seaport is [[Karaikal port]].

==Places near Jayankondam==
[[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]] was the capital of the [[Chola dynasty]] in c. 1025 during the reign of [[Rajendra Chola I]], and served as the [[Chola]] capital for around 250 years. The village is 8 km from Jayankondam. The city was founded by [[Rajendra Chola I]] to commemorate his victory over the Pala Dynasty. The name means The town of the chola who took over Ganga (water from Ganga) or who defeated (the kings near) Ganga. It is now a small village, its past eminence only remembered by the existence of the great [[Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram|Brihadisvara Temple]]. The temple has been recognised as a [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage site]] by [[UNESCO]] [[Chola dynasty|Chola empire]] included the whole of southern India to the river Thungabadhra in the north.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-11|title=Gangaikondacholapuram Brihadeeswarar temple - Possibly the most elegant UNESCO Heritage Site|url=https://polkajunction.com/gangaikondacholapuram-temple-most-elegant-unesco-heritage-site-in-the-world-tamilnadu-india-rajendrachola/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=PolkaJunction|language=en-GB}}</ref> For administrative and strategic purposes they built another capital and named it Gangaikondacholapuram.

[[File:Buddha statute jkm.jpg|alt=Buddha statue at Jayankondam, maintained by Archeological department|thumb|311x311px|Buddha statue at Jayankondam, maintained by the Archeological Department of India]]

[[Anaikarai]] is 15 km from Jayankondam. The Lower Anaicut was built by [[Arthur Cotton|Sir Arthur Cotton]] in 19th century AD across [[Kollidam River|Coleroon]], the major distributary of [[Kaveri|Cauvery]], is said to be a replicated structure of [[Kallanai Dam|Kallanai]]. Nearly 2000 families live in Anaikarai with the main occupation of agriculture and fishing. It is well known and place for river fishes

PIN (Postal Index) Code for Jayankondam is 621802. Also the following nearby post offices share the same pin [[Angarayanallur (East)|Angarayanallur]], Chinnavalayam, Kaluvanthondi, Karadikulam, Kilakudiyiruppu, [[Periyavalayam]] and [[Sengunthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Post Offices for Pin Code 621802|url=http://pincode.net.in/621802|work=Pin code|access-date=22 August 2011}}</ref>

The Historical Shiva temple in Jayankondam was built by wife of Rajendra cholan (queen) for her personal worship during the king's victory celebration over Pala dynasty.

Cholas also esteemed Buddhism and built several Buddha temples, they are now in Srilanka. Archeological department of India found a buddha statue in Jayankondam and maintains it till date.

[[File:Busy Noon Day in Bus Stand Road, Jayankondam.jpg|thumb|Bus Stand Road-2008]]
[[File:Jkmsivatemple.jpg|thumbnail|Historical Siva temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://jkmonline.com/ JKMOnline.com - Information about Jayankondam]
* [https://www.jayankondacholapuram.com Jayankondam Town information]
* [http://www.jkmworld.com/ Jayankondam people around the world community site]
* [http://Gangaikondacholapuram.com - Gangaikondacholapuram - Bragatheeswarar Temple]
* [http://www.facebook.com/jayankondam.tamilnadu/ Jayankondam Facebook page]

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ariyalur district]]

Ram Pyaare Sirf Humare

2026-02-08T16:42:09Z

Saurabh: Started new stub.

{{short description|Indian Sitcom Television seria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Comedy]]
| creator =
| based_on = 
| developer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = Sachin Mohite, Akshay Patil
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Nikhil Khurana]] Jyoti Sharma [[Shamin Mannan]]
| theme_music_composer = Puneet Dixit Esha Gaur
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer = Puneet Dixit
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 
| num_episodes = 58 
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Sachin Mohite
| location = [[Mumbai]]
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes (approx)
| company = Jasvand Entertainment
| budget =
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|10|05|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2020|12|12|df=y}}
| related = 
}}
'''''Ram Pyaare Sirf Humare'''''<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-04|title=Zee TV launches the first fiction show post-lockdown, Ram Pyaare Sirf Humare : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/zee-tv-launches-first-fiction-show-post-lockdown-ram-pyaare-sirf-humare/|access-date=2020-10-26|language=en}}</ref> ({{Translation|Dear Ram is just mine}}) is an Indian [[sitcom]] television series that premiered on 5 October 2020 on [[Zee TV]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-15|title=Review of Zee TV's Ram Pyaare Sirf Humare: Good for laughs|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/editorial/review-zee-tvs-ram-pyaare-sirf-humare-good-laughs/2020/10/15|access-date=2020-10-26|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}</ref> This shows involves Dulari (''Jyoti'' ''Sharma''<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title='Aisi Deewangi Dekhi Nahi Kahin' actress Jyoti Sharma is back on television with 'Ram Pyaare Sirf Humare' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/aisi-deewangi-dekhi-nahi-kahin-actress-jyoti-sharma-is-back-on-television-with-ram-pyaare-sirf-humare/articleshow/77783843.cms|first=Neha|last=Maheshwri|access-date=2023-12-07|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 August 2020|language=en}}</ref>), a young woman, is proud of having landed a charming husband, Ram ([[Nikhil Khurana|''Nikhil'' ''Khurana'']]<ref name=":1">{{cite web|date=2020-08-31|title=Nikhil Khurana to play the lead in Zee TV's show Ram Pyaare Sirf Humare|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nikhil-khurana-play-lead-zee-tvs-show-ram-pyaare-sirf-humare/2020/08/31|access-date=2020-10-26|website=IWMBuzz|language=en-US}}</ref>). However, Dulari is highly possessive and wants to protect her husband Ram from the eyes of other women in the ''[[Neighbourhood|muhalla]].'' The show was produced by Jasvand Entertainment. It replaces [[Ishq Subhan Allah]] in its timeslot.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shamin Mannan's Ram Pyaare Sirf Humaare To Replace Eisha Singh's Ishq Subhan Allah- EXCLUSIVE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/television/television-news/shamin-mannan-s-ram-pyaare-sirf-humaare-to-replace-eisha-singh-s-ishq-subhan-allah-exclusive/5f5b7e666b2adc5f5d34efc8 |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www.spotboye.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
Ram, who runs a beauty parlour in Bhopal and while he provides the best beauty services in town, women also visit the parlour to gawk at him. While Ram is practically the Maryada Purushottam who doesn't give in to the flirtations coming his way, Dulari sees other women flirting with him as Surpanakhas. To ensure she keeps her man safe and away from the clutches of these surpanakhas, Dulari uses several tips and tricks to keep Ram close to her. She gets the nuskas to keep her husband to herself from a book given to her by her brother Patang and though she hilariously ends up creating trouble for Ram and herself every single time she turns to the book; she does not give up. Adding to the comedy of errors, Koel aims to befriend Ram and Dulari, break their marriage and steal Ram. While the wife is blissfully unaware of Koel's wicked plans, her actions and attempts to get close to Ram make Dulari question her intentions.

==Cast==
* [[Nikhil Khurana]]<ref name=":1" /> as Ram: Ram runs a beauty parlour named after his wife (‘Ram Dulari Beauty Parlour’) in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Ram is quite popular among the women for his skills and his handsomeness, but he has never looked at any woman that way except for his wife. His friends tease him about the same by calling him "''sharif baccha”.''
* Jyoti Sharma<ref name=":0" /> as Dulari: She is a woman who is head over heels in love with her husband Ram and equally possessive of him. She tries to protect her husband from other women with the help of various ''nuskhas''. When Dulari’s brother gives her a book called ''Pati Ko Kabu Mein Rakhne Ke 151 Tarike,'' Dulari starts experimenting with every ''nuskhas'' on her husband, which creates hilarious situation between them.
* [[Shamin Mannan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Shamin Mannan returns to the small screen with 'Ram Pyaare Sirf Humare' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shamin-mannan-returns-to-the-small-screen-with-ram-pyaare-sirf-humare/articleshow/77767686.cms|access-date=2020-10-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> as Koyal.
* Mukesh Tripathi as Irfan bhai.
* Shiny Dixit<ref>{{cite web|title=Shiny Dixit joins the cast of 'Ram Pyaare Sirf Humare' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shiny-dixit-joins-the-cast-of-ram-pyaare-sirf-humare/articleshow/77950973.cms|access-date=2020-10-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> as Cherry: Cherry is the young assistant who works at Ram's beauty parlour. She dreams of opening her own parlour and thus wants to take practical training by working for Ram. Cherry has been with Ram for two years, but shows no signs of leaving to start her own business. She feels that Ram is the best boss and she cannot betray him. Cherry is smitten by Ram's nature and has a lot of respect for him.
* Saawankumar Deepak Badgujar as Kinshuk: He played the lead comedy Villain 'Kinshuk', who enters the show as Koyal's brother who wants to marry Dulari.
* Pallavi Mukherjee as Menaka
* Unknown as Pratang: Dulari's brother Patang helps his sister by giving her the book ''Pati Ko Kabu Mein Rakhne Ke 151 Tarike.'' He tries his level best to solve his sister's marital issues and helps her with the ''nuskhas''. Patang falls in love with Cherry and Dulari decides to get them married as her competition will reduce. However, the twist is that Patang looks exactly like Radha's to-be husband who ran away on the night of their wedding, and hence, Radha decides to give marriage another try and falls in love with Patang.
* Akshita Sethi as Radha Bai: She is the maid of the house, whose husband ran away on the day of the marriage. She believes all men are cheaters except for Ram. Radha feels Ram is the perfect man and adores him. She cannot say no to anything that Ram requests from her and this makes Dulari jealous.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/global/tvshows/details/ram-pyaare-sirf-hamare/0-6-2989 ''Ram Pyaare Sirf Hamare''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Indian television sitcoms]]
[[Category:Serial drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi comedy shows]]
[[Category:Hindi language television sitcoms]]

Durlabhji Dethariya

2026-02-06T16:12:51Z

Saurabh: starting new data w/ sources...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Durlabhji Dethariya''' (born 1959)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Durlabhjibhai Harakhjibhai Dethariya(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- TANKARA(MORBI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5113 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Tankara Assembly constituency in [[Morbi district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]], representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Tankara Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Durlabhjibhai Harakhjibhai Dethariya Wins From Tankara , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/tankara-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568188 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Election Result 2022: Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/gujarat-election-results-2022-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat Assembly Election Results 2022: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-2022-winning-candidates-constituency-8312674/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Dethariya is from [[Tankara]], Morbi district, Gujarat. He is the son of Harakhjibhai Dethariya. He passed Class 10. He is a businessman and his wife is also into family business.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Dethariya won from [[Tankara Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled83,274 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Lalit Kagathara of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 10,256 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tankara Assembly Seat, Gujarat Election 2022 – Get Tankara constituency news updates and complete details {{!}} Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/tankara-66 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202203337/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/tankara-66 |archive-date=2023-02-02 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tankara Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Durlabhjibhai Harakhjibhai Dethariya Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/tankara-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6563725.html |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0666.htm?ac=66 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131155233/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0666.htm?ac=66 |archive-date=2023-01-31 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dethariya, Durlabhji}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Morbi district]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

Citroën India

2026-01-31T21:42:09Z

Saurabh:

{{Short description|Indian branch of the French automobile brand}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Citroën India
| logo = Citroen 2022.svg
| type = [[Joint venture]]
| industry = [[Automotive]]
| foundation = 2019
| location = [[Tiruvallur]], [[Chennai]]
| key_people =
| products = [[Automobiles]]
| production = 9,488 (FY 2024)
| revenue =
| owner = {{ubl| [[Citroën]]| [[CKA Birla Group]]}}
| num_employees =
| subsid =
| parent = [[Stellantis N.V.]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.citroen.in/}}
| Factory =
}}
Established in 1919, [[Citroën]] is a French automobile brand owned by [[Stellantis]]. Citroën was part of the [[PSA Group|PSA]] Group before Stellantis N.V. was formed in 2021 on the basis of a merger between Peugeot S.A. ([[PSA Group|Groupe PSA]]) and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (FCA).

In 2019, the erstwhile PSA group launched the Citroën brand in India along with manufacturing operations through a vehicle assembly plant in Thiruvallur and a powertrain facility in Hosur (both via JVs with [[CK Birla Group]]). Consequently, the Stellantis group increased its investment in the JVs with CK Birla and is now a majority shareholder. The Thiruvallur facility produces the C5 Aircross SUV, C3, ë-C3, Aircross & the Basalt for Citroën India. The Hosur plant builds gearboxes primarily for exports and manufactures engines for domestic needs and exports.

== History ==
The launch of the Citroën brand in India was the third attempt by Groupe PSA to enter the Indian market.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official: Peugeot To Return To India - Third Time Lucky? | date = 2017-01-27 | first = Arun | last = Shenoy |url=https://www.zigwheels.com/news-features/news/official-peugeot-to-return-to-india-third-time-lucky/27306/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=ZigWheels.com}}</ref> During the presentation of FY18 results of Groupe PSA, the chairman confirmed that Citroën was the chosen brand to enter the Indian markets.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thakkar|first=Ketan|title=Groupe PSA plans India return by 2021 with Citroen|newspaper=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/auto-news/groupe-psa-plans-india-return-by-2021-with-citroen/articleshow/68180568.cms?from=mdr|date=27 February 2019|access-date=2021-07-20}}</ref>

Groupe PSA had signed two joint ventures with companies of India's CK Birla Group for vehicle assembly, distribution and powertrain manufacturing of its cars in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citroen readies New Delhi showroom ahead of India market launch|url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/citroen-readies-new-delhi-showroom-ahead-of-india-market-launch-78180|access-date=2021-01-09|website=www.autocarpro.in|language=en-US}}</ref> The French carmaker was initially supposed to enter the Indian market in 2020. However, the plan was delayed amidst the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and the subsequent lockdown.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nagaraj|first=Rahul|date=2021-01-05|title=Citroen C5 Aircross India-Spec SUV Reveal Scheduled For Next Month : Here Are All The Details|url=https://www.drivespark.com/four-wheelers/2021/citroen-c5-aircross-india-debut-1st-february-launch-specs-price-other-details-033289.html|access-date=2021-01-09|website=www.drivespark.com|language=en}}</ref>

Prior to launching the India-spec [[Citroën C5 Aircross|C5 Aircross SUV]], Citroën India's research revealed that comfort is the critical criteria for new car buyers in India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 January 2021|title=Citroen India: Comfort critical criteria for new car buyers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/cars/comfort-critical-criteria-for-new-car-buyers-citroen/articleshow/80128760.cms|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Production of the C5 Aircross started in January 2021<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citroen C5 Aircross local assembly begins|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/citroen-c5-aircross-local-assembly-begins-419786|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Autocar India|language=en}}</ref> at the Tiruvallur plant in Tamil Nadu. Groupe PSA made an investment of around Rs.2500 crore to enter the Indian market.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-04|title=Citroen C5 Aircross SUV’s India unveil date out: What to expect from Karoq, Compass rival|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/citroen-c5-aircross-suvs-india-unveil-date-out-what-to-expect-from-karoq-compass-rival-specs-features-engine-gearbox-price/2164058/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Products ==
Citroën India is developing several models specifically for the Indian market, including EVs. The C5 Aircross was unveiled on 1 February 2021 and launched on 7 April 2021 in two variants: Feel and Shine, with single and dual tone interiors, equipped with a 2.0-litre diesel engine. According to reports, subsequent cars will not support a diesel engine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citroen will not launch diesel mass market cars in India | url = https://www.team-bhp.com/news/citroen-will-not-launch-diesel-mass-market-cars-india|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Team-BHP.com|language=en}}</ref>

Citroën India revealed the [[Citroën C3 (India)|C3]] in September 2021 ahead of its India launch in the first half of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India-bound Citroen C3 unveiled ahead of 2022 launch |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/india-bound-citroen-c3-unveiled-422070 |access-date=2021-09-16 |website=Autocar India |language=en}}</ref> The C3 was the first of three models under Citroën's C-cubed program, and was specifically developed for emerging markets like India and South America. The C3 is locally manufactured in India with more than 90 percent localisation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakravarty |first=Shubhodeep |date=July 27, 2022 |title=Citroen C3 customer deliveries begin. Check cities where available |url=https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/cars/citroen-c3-customer-deliveries-begin-check-cities-where-available-41658906856646.html |website=Hindustan Times Auto News}}</ref>

In February 2023, Citroën India launched an electric variant of C3 under the name Ë-C3. The car was launched about 6 months after the C3's launch. Its stated range is {{Convert|320|km|mi}} per charge.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETAuto.com |title=Citroën India launches E-C3 all-electric at an introductory price of INR 11.5 lakh - ET Auto |url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/citron-india-launches-e-c3-all-electric-at-an-introductory-price-of-inr-11-5-lakh/98274001 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=ETAuto.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Current models ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 45%"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="15%" |Model
! rowspan="2" width="15%" |Indian introduction
! colspan="2" |Current model
|-
! width="15%" |Introduction (model code)
! width="15%" |Update ([[Facelift (automotive)|facelift]])
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
| colspan="5" |'''[[Hatchback]]'''
|-
|[[File:2022 Citroën C3 Feel Puretech 110 (India) front view 01.png|alt=|200x200px]]
! scope="row" |'''[[Citroën C3 (India)|C3]]'''
|2022
|2022
|–
|-
|[[File:2023 Citroën ë-C3 (Indonesia) front view.jpg|200x200px]]
! scope="row" |'''[[Citroën C3 (India)#ë-C3|ë-C3]]'''
|2023
|2023
|–
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
| colspan="5" |'''[[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]/[[Crossover (automobile)|crossover]]'''
|-
|[[File:Citroen Basalt Turbo 200 Shine 2025.jpg|alt=|200x200px]]
![[Citroën Basalt|Basalt]]
|2024
|2024
|–
|-
|[[File:2023 Citroën C3 Aircross 1.2 CC24 (Indonesia) front view.jpg|alt=|200x200px]]
![[Citroën C3 Aircross|C3 Aircross]]
|2023
|2023
|–
|-
|[[File:Paris Motor Show 2018, Paris (1Y7A1245) (cropped).jpg|alt=|200x200px]]
! scope="row" |'''[[Citroën C5 Aircross|C5 Aircross]]'''
|2021
|2021
|2022
|}

==References==
<references />{{Automotive industry in India}}
[[Category:Citroën]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2019]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Automotive companies established in 2019]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:CK Birla Group]]

Theory of Kashmiri descent from lost tribes of Israel

2026-01-28T20:04:16Z

Saurabh:

{{Short description|Theory that the Kashmiri people are descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{cleanup-rewrite|date=June 2013}}
{{Tribes of Israel}}
The '''theory of Kashmiri descent from the lost tribes of Israel''' is a [[fringe theory]] which states that the [[Kashmiri people]] originally descended from the [[Ten Lost Tribes]]. Genetic testing and historical analysis have not approved this theory, though it maintains negligible support within the [[Ahmadiyya]] movement.

==History==
In 1899<ref name="yoga">{{Cite book |last=Harinanda |first=Swami |url={{Google books|id=rpamu1q0vxEC|page=92|plainurl=yes }} |title=Yoga and the Portal |publisher=Jai Dee Marketing |isbn=0-9781429-5-0}}</ref> [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, theorized that [[Jesus]] had [[Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam|survived the crucifixion]] and traveled to Kashmir to find and preach to the lost tribes of Israel. Ahmad claimed that Jesus lived in Kashmir, had children, died aged 120,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Richard Brent |url={{Google books|id=CGS5ryA7ow0C|page=113|plainurl=yes }} |title=Islam in the African-American Experience |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-253-21630-3 |edition=2nd |page=113}}</ref> and was buried in [[Srinagar]].<ref name="ahmad">{{Cite book |last=Aḥmad |first=Bashīruddīn Maḥmūd |url={{Google books|id=6qo9AAAAIAAJ|page=134|plainurl=yes }} |title=Invitation to Ahmadiyyat: Being a Statement of Beliefs, a Rationale of Claims, and an Invitation, on Behalf of the Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation and Rejuvenation of Islam |publisher=Routledge |year=1980 |isbn=0-7100-0119-3 |pages=134–135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ackerley |first1=Chris |url={{Google books|id=H6R0CSdZCH0C|page=384|plainurl=yes }} |title=A Companion to Under the Volcano |last2=Clipper |first2=Lawrence Jon |publisher=UBC Press |year=1984 |isbn=0-7748-0199-9 |pages=385–386}}</ref><ref name="child">{{Cite book |last=Childress |first=David Hatcher |url={{Google books|id=rjpISIxkOmEC|page=271|plainurl=yes }} |title=Lost Cities of China, Central Asia and India |publisher=Adventures Unlimited Press |year=1991 |isbn=0-932813-07-0 |edition=3rd |page=271 |author-link=David Hatcher Childress}}</ref>

==Basis in tribal names and toponymy==
The theory is essentially based on the purported similarities between Kashmir place names and Hebrew words and phrases by Ahmadiyya scholars.

Some examples include
*Bandpoor (similar to Beth Peor)<ref name=yoga/>
*Naboo Hill (similar to [[Mount Nebo]])<ref name=yoga/>
*Pishgah (similar to [[Mount Pisgah (Bible)|Mount Pisgah]])<ref name="ency">{{Cite book |last1=Skolnick |first1=Fred |url={{Google books|id=UDUOAQAAMAAJ|plainurl=yes }} |title=Encyclopedia Judaica: Ja–Kas |last2=Berenbaum |first2=Michael |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-02-865939-8 |edition=2nd |page=822 |author-link2=Michael Berenbaum}}</ref><ref name="herzl">{{Cite journal |year=1994 |title=Midstream |url={{Google books|id=d34MAQAAMAAJ|plainurl=yes }} |journal=Midstream |publisher=Theodor Herzl Foundation |volume=40 |page=20 |access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref>
*Mamre (similar to [[Mamre]])<ref name=ency/><ref name=herzl/>

==Genetics==
Using genome-wide genotyping and admixture detection methods, it was determined there are no significant or substantial signs of Jewish admixture, among 16 Sephardi and/or Ashkenazi Jewish populations surveyed, in modern-day Kashmiris.<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Genome-Wide Search for Greek and Jewish Admixture in the Kashmiri Population |year=2016 |pmc=4973929 |last1=Downie |first1=J. M. |last2=Tashi |first2=T. |last3=Lorenzo |first3=F. R. |last4=Feusier |first4=J. E. |last5=Mir |first5=H. |last6=Prchal |first6=J. T. |last7=Jorde |first7=L. B. |last8=Koul |first8=P. A. |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=8 |article-number=e0160614 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0160614 |pmid=27490348 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1160614D |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Japanese-Jewish common ancestry theory]]
* [[Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry]]
* [[Theories of Pashtun origin]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Kashmiri tribes|Israelite]]
[[Category:Origin hypotheses of ethnic groups|Kashmiri]]
[[Category:Groups claiming Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Ahmadiyya belief and doctrine]]
[[Category:Groups claiming Israelite descent]]

Aveek Sarkar

2026-01-28T18:12:25Z

Saurabh: Added some entry more to come

{{short description|Indian newspaper promoter and proprietor}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{infobox person
| name = Aveek Sarkar
| image = Aveek Sarkar - Kolkata 2011-12-08 7542 Cropped.JPG
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Sarkar in 2011
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = "Bn"
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|06|09}}
| birth_place = Kolkata
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| occupation = [[Journalist]]
| employer =
| organization = [[ABP Group]]
| agent =
| spouse = Rakhi Sarkar
| partner =
| children = {{plainlist}}
* Buku Sarkar
* Chiki Sarkar
{{endplainlist}}
| parents = {{plainlist}}
* [[Ashok Kumar Sarkar]] (father)
* Aloka Sarkar (mother)
{{endplainlist}}
| callsign =
| awards =
| website =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
| notable works =
| relations =
| misc =
}}

'''Aveek Sarkar''' ([[language|Bengali]]: অভীক সরকার; born 9 June 1945) is an Indian newspaper promoter and proprietor. He is the present chairman of Press Trust of India and vice chairman and editor emeritus of [[ABP Group]]. Previously he was editor-in-chief of ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]'' and [[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|''The Telegraph'']].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sarkar Family |url=https://india.mom-gmr.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/the-sarkar-family/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=india.mom-gmr.org |language=en}}</ref> He was also the chief editor of ABP Group of publications.<ref name="ABP Corporate Website">Source: [http://www.abp.in/2007-04.html ABP Corporate Website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214210508/http://www.abp.in/2007-04.html |date=14 February 2012 }} 12 October 01:00 AM [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]</ref> He was ranked as one of the most powerful Indians in 2009 by ''[[The Indian Express]]''.<ref>Source: [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-most-powerful-indians-in-2009-7579/432799/2 Indian Express].</ref> He played vital roles during the formation of Penguin India, the Indian counterpart of [[Penguin Books]] and during the acquisition of [[STAR News]] in 2003.<ref name="ABP Corporate Website"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Aveek Sarkar Emerging Star Winner |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/aveek-sarkar-emerging-star-winner/91669/0 |publisher=The Financial Express |date=11 September 2003 |accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>

Sarkar spent a year as an understudy to Sir [[Harold Evans]] in Britain, taking time to understand what went on at the previous two papers at which Evans had worked – ''[[The Northern Echo]]'' and the ''[[Manchester Evening News]]'' – before joining him at ''[[The Sunday Times]]''.

==Personal life==
Sarkar is known to having strong opinions about most issues. He refrains from bringing most of these stances to his business and editorial meetings, according to a profile by [[Nicholas Coleridge]] in ''Paper Tigers''.

==References==
{{Commons category|Aveek Sarkar}}
<references />

{{ABP Group}}
{{Sarkar family}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarker, Aveek}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Journalists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Indian mass media owners]]
[[Category:ABP Group]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Sarkar family|Aveek]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:1945 births]]

Achyut Yagnik

2025-12-31T08:01:30Z

Saurabh: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Indian journalist, academic and activist (1946–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Achyut Yagnik
| birth_name = Jayendra Jani
| birth_date = {{birth date|1946|02|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dharmaj]], [[Kaira district]], [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|08|04|1946|02|01|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ambawadi]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| occupation = Journalist, academic, activist
| spouse = Dr. Bharati Patel
| children = Anandvardhan Yagnik
}}

'''Achyut Yagnik''' (1 February 1946 – 4 August 2023) was an Indian journalist, academic, political analyst and activist based in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]].

== Early life ==
Yagnik was born on 1 February 1946,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Kothari |first=Urvish |date=2023-08-05 |orig-date=2006-04-30 |title=સગવડિયા ઇતિહાસ અને સગવડિયા ધર્મથી પેદા થયેલા મતિભ્રમે ગુજરાતીઓને વધારે હિંસક અને ક્રૂર બનાવ્યાં છે |url=https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/sagavadiyaa-itihaas-ane-sagavadiyaa-dharmathee-pedaa-thayelaa-matibhrame-gujaratione-vadhaare-himsak-ane-kroor-banavyaan-chhe/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Divya Bhaskar |page=3 |language=gu}}</ref> in [[Dharmaj]] village in [[Charotar]] region (now in [[Anand district]] of Gujarat).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-07 |title=અચ્યુત યાજ્ઞિક : વંચિતોના બેલીની વિદાયથી ગુજરાતે શું ખોયું? |url=https://www.bbc.com/gujarati/articles/c9ek2yr91dxo |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=BBC News ગુજરાતી |language=gu}}</ref> He was a native of [[Sojitra]].<ref name=":4" /> He had studied anthropology in [[Delhi University]] but dropped out. He prepared a catalogue of a Sanskrit library as part-time work during his stay in Delhi University. During this period, he came in contact with poet [[Tribhuvandas Luhar|Sundaram]], linguist [[Prabodh Pandit]] and socialist political leader [[Ram Manohar Lohia]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

==Career==
In late 1960s, he returned to [[Ahmedabad]] and joined ''[[Gujarat Samachar]]'' where he worked for a decade.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-04 |title=Journalist Achyut Yagnik, who donned many hats, dies at 77 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/writer-political-analyst-activist-achyut-yagnik-dies-cardiac-arrest-8876681/ |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> From 1970 to 1980, Yagnik worked as a journalist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-05 |title=Activist, writer, Gujarat expert Achyut Yagnik dies at 78 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/activist-writer-gujarat-expert-achyut-yagnik-dies-at-78-101691175657539.html |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He worked closely with several poets and writers as well as sociologists and historians during this period.<ref name=":3" /> He became specifically interested in medieval [[Gujarati literature]].<ref name=":4" /> He edited a Gujarati magazine called ''Gurjar Bharati''.<ref name=":0" /> In 1981, he became a founder editor of a Gujarati research journal called ''Arthat'' published by Centre for Social Studies, [[Surat]].<ref name=":3" />''<ref name=":0" />'' He served as the correspondent of the ''[[Economic and Political Weekly]]'' and the state coordinator of the Lokayan project of the [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]] as well as the state general secretary of the [[People's Union for Civil Liberties]] from 1982 to 1984.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> He opposed the anti-reservation agitations of Gujarat in 1981 and 1985.<ref name=":0" />

In 1982, he founded the Setu - Center for Social Knowledge and Action in Ahmedabad which worked for the marginalised communities. He served it as head for the rest of his life.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-04 |title=Author and historian Achyut Yagnik passes away |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/author-and-historian-achyut-yagnik-passes-away/article67158312.ece |access-date=2023-09-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He worked with the [[Maldhari]] community of [[Gir National Park|Gir]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Medha Patkar]] worked for SETU and during that time became the leader of [[Narmada Bachao Andolan]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-05 |title=Leading public intellectual Achyut Yagnik passes away |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/leading-public-intellectual-achyut-yagnik-passes-away/articleshow/102439837.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He worked for the tribals under Vishamata Nirmulan Samiti.<ref name=":0" /> He also founded Forum 21 with lawyer [[Girishbhai Patel|Girish Patel]].<ref name=":3" />

Yagnik taught at the Centre for Development Communication of [[Gujarat University]] for about 10 years. He also taught journalism students at [[Bhavan's College|Bhavan’s College]] in Ahmedabad.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-04 |title=Achyut Yagnik Social activist, writer, thinker, founder of setu centre for social knowledge and action no more {{!}} ગુજરાતના જાણીતા વિચારક, સામાજિક કાર્યકર અને લેખક અચ્યુત યાજ્ઞિકનું નિધન |url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/news/gujarat-news/article/achyut-yagnik-social-activist-writer-thinker-founder-of-setu-centre-for-social-knowledge-and-action-no-more-200328 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.gujaratimidday.com |language=gu}}</ref> He was a Fellow of and Consultant to the [[United Nations University]] in 1986-87. He also served as a Fellow of the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] in 2005-06.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />

In 1995, he wrote a book on [[Ram Janmabhoomi|Ram Janmabhoomi movement]].<ref name=":5" /> In 2005 and 2011, he published works on history of Gujarat and Ahmedabad respectively.<ref name=":3" />

== Personal life and death ==
His wife Bharati Patel is a retired professor from [[B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad|B. J. Medical College]], Ahmedabad. His son Anandvardhan Yagnik is a lawyer in the [[Gujarat High Court]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

Achyut Yagnik died following a cardiac arrest at his home in Ambawadi, Ahmedabad, on 4 August 2023. He was 77.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Samay |first=NavGujarat |title=Saddened by the death of Achyuta Yagnik, a social activist who was the 'Encyclopedia' of Gujarat |url=https://navgujaratsamay.com/saddened-by-the-death-of-achyuta-yagnik-a-social-activist-who-was-the-encyclopedia-of-gujarat/241136.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=NavGujarat Samay |language=en}}</ref> Yagnik was cremated in V. S. Antimdam.<ref name=":6" />

==Works==
* {{Cite book |last1=Yagnik |first1=Achyut |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |language=en}}<ref>{{Cite web |title='In turbulent times Gujaratis have raised a voice' |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/nov/29inter1.htm |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
* {{Cite book |last=Yagnik |first=Achyut |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivMAUx6Hdl8C |title=Ahmedabad: From Royal city to Megacity |date=2011-02-02 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-473-5 |language=en}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmedabad: Portrait of a 600-year-old city |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-ahmedabad-portrait-of-a-600-year-old-city/20120227.htm |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

* {{Cite book |last1=Yagnik |first1=Achyut|last2=Bhatt|first2=Anil H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hExdGwAACAAJ |title=The Anti-Dalit (Untouchable) Agitation in Gujarat |date=1983 |publisher=Minority Strategies, Perspectives on Racism & Untouchability |language=en}}

* {{Cite book |title=Creating a nationality: the Ramjanmabhumi movement and fear of the self |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-564271-1 |edition=Fifth impression |series=Oxford India paperbacks |location=New Delhi|author=[[Ashis Nandy]], Shikha Trivedy, Shail Mayaram, Achyut Yagnik}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yagnik, Achyut}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Journalists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian activist journalists]]
[[Category:Indian activists]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:People from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Anand district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Indian social scientists]]
[[Category:Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Dalit activists]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]

Sumeet Raghavan

2025-12-22T18:58:19Z

Saurabh: fixed references to improve readability and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian Actor (born 1971)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sumeet Raghavan
| image = Sumeet Raghavan at Sachin Pilgaonkar’s 60th birthday celebrations.jpg
| alt = Raghavan in 2017
| caption = Raghavan in 2017
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|04|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]), [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Actor]] [[Voice actor]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Chinmayee Surve|1996}}
| website = {{URL|sumeetraghvan.com}}
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1983–present
}}

'''Sumeet Raghavan '''(born 22 April 1971) is an Indian film, television, and theatre actor known for his roles in ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey|Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedi Naye Kissey]],'' [[Hudd Kar Di]]'',<ref name=sumya/> [[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]],<ref name=sbh/> [[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]],<ref name=srj>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sumeet-is-Mellisa-Paiss-brother/articleshow/9579095.cms | title=Sumeet is Mellisa Pais's brother | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | publisher=[[The Times Group]] | date=13 August 2011 | access-date=15 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sumeet-is-Mellisa-Paiss-brother/articleshow/9579095.cms%20 | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Badi Doooor Se Aaye Hai]],<ref name=shh>{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/difficult-to-sustain-comedy-sumeet-raghvan/ | title=Difficult to sustain comedy: Sumeet Raghavan | work=[[The Indian Express]] | date=11 June 2015 | access-date=15 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164644/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/difficult-to-sustain-comedy-sumeet-raghvan/ | url-status=live }}</ref>'' and ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai: Take 2]].'' As a child actor, he played the role of [[Sudama]] in [[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]] serial of [[B. R. Chopra]].<ref name=IFRaghavan>{{Cite web|title=Interesting facts about actor Sumeet Raghavan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/interesting-facts-about-actor-sumeet-raghavan/sumeets-bollywood-debut/photostory/64319645.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=22 July 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011213844/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/interesting-facts-about-actor-sumeet-raghavan/sumeets-bollywood-debut/photostory/64319645.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He Was Nominated at [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor]] for [[Ekda Kaay Zala]].

==Early life==
Raghavan was born to [[Tamils|Tamil]] father, R. Raghavan and a [[Kannadiga]] mother, Prema Raghavan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pant|first=Nikhila|date=21 December 2007|title=Sumeet's on song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sumeets-on-song/articleshow/2636500.cms|access-date=18 October 2020|newspaper=The Times of India|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011213939/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sumeets-on-song/articleshow/2636500.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1xh5tu1fMM|title=08-046 Being A True Friend-2 by HH Radhanath Swami|website=Youtube|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117071725/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1xh5tu1fMM&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>  He married Chinmayee Surve in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor Sumeet Raghavan's wife Chinmayee Surve helps nab pervert|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/crime/200218/actor-sumeet-raghavans-wife-chinmayee-surve-helps-nab-pervert.html|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=22 July 2020|archive-date=23 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723045759/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/crime/200218/actor-sumeet-raghavans-wife-chinmayee-surve-helps-nab-pervert.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/I-never-wanted-to-do-a-Marathi-film-Sumeet-Raghavan/articleshow/16382499.cms | title=I never wanted to do a Marathi film: Sumeet Raghavan | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | publisher=[[The Times Group]] | date=14 September 2012 | access-date=15 December 2015 | last=Gayatri | first=Deshmukh | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164722/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/I-never-wanted-to-do-a-Marathi-film-Sumeet-Raghavan/articleshow/16382499.cms%20 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Show !! Role !! Reference(s)/Note(s)
|-
| 1987 || ''Faster Fene'' ||[[Faster Fene (Books)|Faster Fene]]||<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sumeet-is-never-off-duty/article6069679.ece | title=Sumeet is never off duty | work=[[The Hindu]] | publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] | date=31 May 2014 | access-date=14 December 2015 | last=Harshikaa | first=Udaasi | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164647/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sumeet-is-never-off-duty/article6069679.ece%20/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 1988–1990 || ''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' || Young [[Sudama]] ||<ref name=IFRaghavan/>
|-
| 1994–2000 || ''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]'' || Driver || <ref name=sumya>{{cite web | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/169816/smart-sensible.html | title=Smart and sensible | newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] | date=18 June 2011 | access-date=14 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164718/https://www.deccanherald.com/404.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1997–1998
|''Ek Do Teen''
|Various characters
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/viral/did-you-know-sholay-has-a-parody-called-chholay-check-out-this-viral-video-7981903.html|title=Did You Know 'Sholay' Has a Parody Called ‘Chholay?’ Check Out This Viral Video|date=2 June 2023|website=News18|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603163915/https://www.news18.com/viral/did-you-know-sholay-has-a-parody-called-chholay-check-out-this-viral-video-7981903.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Hudd Kar Di]]'' || Raju || <ref name=sumya/>
|-
|2000 ||''[[Rishtey (TV series)|Rishtey]]''
|| Doctor Abhay Verma || Segment "Khel Khel Mein"
|-
| 2002–2005 || ''[[Sanjivani (2002 TV series)|Sanjivani - A Medical Boon]]'' || Dr. Rajat Mehra || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/old-html/prog/locat/pop.htm | title=Sanjivani | publisher=Indiantelevision | access-date=14 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164726/http://www.indiantelevision.com/prog/locat/pop.htm%20 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2002–2004 || ''Shubh Mangal Savadhan'' || Vinay Vanarveda || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.speakbindas.com/interview-of-jethalal-gada-fame-dilip-joshi/ | title=Dilip Joshi Interview | publisher=speakbindass.com | access-date=14 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164640/http://www.speakbindas.com/interview-of-jethalal-gada-fame-dilip-joshi/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2004 || ''Bhagwan Bachaye Inko'' || Sid || <ref name=sumya/>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004–2006 || rowspan="2" | ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'' || [[Dr. Sahil Sarabhai]] || <ref name=sbh>{{cite web | url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-cast-celebrates-10-year-reunion-with-selfies-and-songs-2538046.html | title=Sarabhai vs Sarabhai cast celebrates 10-year-reunion with selfies and songs | publisher=[[Firstpost]] | author= | date=8 December 2015 | access-date=14 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164625/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-cast-celebrates-10-year-reunion-with-selfies-and-songs-2538046.html%20 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[List of Sarabhai vs Sarabhai characters|Nayesha Mazumdar Singh]]
|
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Resham Dankh]]'' || Mr. Shantanu Balraj ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2008 || ''[[Paani Puri]]'' || Vikas Puri || <ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/02sumeet.htm|title= Sumeet returns to Paani Puri|date= 2 September 2008|access-date= 15 December 2015|archive-date= 25 December 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164630/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/02sumeet.htm|url-status= live}}</ref>
|-
|''Say Shava Shava''
|Contestant
|Winner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/01sumeet.htm|title=Sumeet wins Shava Shava|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=20 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120075130/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/01sumeet.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Ghar Ki Baat Hai]]'' || Rajdip Yagnik || Nominated Best Actor in a Comic Role at 8th Indian Telly Awards.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/srk-s-ghar-ki-baat-hai-lost-the-plot/story-Gs05dkG7dViY8RLW9LK5JP.html | title=SRK's Ghar Ki Baat Hai lost the plot! | newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=6 June 2009 | access-date=15 December 2015 | last=Rachna | first=Dubey | archive-date=15 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115195104/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/srk-s-ghar-ki-baat-hai-lost-the-plot/story-Gs05dkG7dViY8RLW9LK5JP.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2009–2012 || ''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]]'' || [[Apoorva Shah]] || '''Won''' Best Actor in a Comic Role Jury Award at [[Indian Telly Awards]].<ref name=srj/>
|-
| 2009–2014 || ''[[Jay Hind!]]'' || Host || [[Web Show]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/gods-of-the-small-screen/article4086373.ece | title=Gods of the small screen | work=[[The Hindu]] | publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] | date=11 November 2012 | access-date=19 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164712/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/gods-of-the-small-screen/article4086373.ece%20/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100427/jsp/entertainment/story_12382980.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129050821/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100427/jsp/entertainment/story_12382980.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=29 November 2010 | title=Jai ho to Jay Hind! | newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]] | date=27 April 2010 | access-date=15 December 2015 | last=Priyanka | first=Roy}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|Jhalak Dikhhla Ja Season 4]]'' || Host || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-contestants/253/2187 | title=Hosts: Mona Singh and Sumeet Raghavan | publisher=[[Mid-Day]] | date=1 December 2010 | access-date=15 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164655/https://www.mid-day.com/photos/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-contestants/253/2187%20 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2011
|''Star Ya Rockstar''
|Contestant
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/dhanush-special-guest-on-star-ya-rockstar-finale-148042-2011-12-06|title=Dhanush special guest on Star Ya Rockstar finale|website=India Today|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=20 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120074722/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/dhanush-special-guest-on-star-ya-rockstar-finale-148042-2011-12-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2012 || ''[[Jay Hind!|The Late Night Show - Jitna Rangeen Utna Sangeen]]''{{efn|name=fn2|The show is a televised format of the Internet show "[[Jay Hind!]]".}} || Host ||'''Won''' Best Anchor Award at 12th [[Indian Television Academy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k12/mar/marrel9.php|title=COLORS launches 'The Late Night Show' with Sumeet Raghavan|date=5 March 2012|publisher=Indiantelevision.com|access-date=15 December 2015|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164715/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k12/mar/marrel9.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sumeet-Raghavan-VIP-on-Golmaal-Hai-Bhai/articleshow/16448201.cms|title=Sumeet Raghavan & VIP on Golmaal Hai Bhai…|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 September 2012|access-date=1 August 2017|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115124857/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sumeet-Raghavan-VIP-on-Golmaal-Hai-Bhai/articleshow/16448201.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || ''Nautanki: The Comedy Theatre'' || Performer || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/nautanki-time-for-shaeb-biwi-aur-gangster-performance-by-mahie-gill-jimmy-shergil/story-MPGQg493hwaW6FbOUwWvFN.html | title=Nautanki time for Shaeb, Biwi Aur Gangster: performance by Mahie Gill, Jimmy Shergil | newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=28 February 2013 | access-date=14 December 2015 | archive-date=15 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115194951/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/nautanki-time-for-shaeb-biwi-aur-gangster-performance-by-mahie-gill-jimmy-shergil/story-MPGQg493hwaW6FbOUwWvFN.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2014–2016|| ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hain]]'' || Vasant Ghotala/9211 || Nominated Best Actor in a Comic Role at Indian Telly Awards <ref name=shh/>
|-
|2015
|''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
|Vasant Ghotala/9211
|Guest<ref>{{cite AV media |date=5 November 2023 |title=Ep 1750 - Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah |language=hi |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=EF5jQSBHLcc&t=29s&pp=ygURdGFhcmFrIG1laHRhIDE3NTA%3D |access-date=21 January 2024|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/EF5jQSBHLcc |archive-date=21 January 2024 |time=38:18 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''Raina Beeti Jaye- Jashn''
|Host
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-of-sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-turns-vj-heres-his-special-announcement/articleshow/53923117.cms|title=Sumeet Raghavan of Sarabhai Vs Sarabhai turns VJ, here's his special announcement|date=30 August 2016|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=27 September 2023|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927071825/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-of-sarabhai-vs-sarabhai-turns-vj-heres-his-special-announcement/articleshow/53923117.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2017|| ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai|Sarabhai vs Sarabhai Take 2]]'' || [[Dr. Sahil Sarabhai]] || [[Web series]]
|-
| 2018|| ''[[India Ke Mast Kalandar]]'' || Host || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/programmes/india-ke-mast-kalandar/params/tvprogramme/programmeid-30000000550492878 |title=India Ke Mast Kalandar |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 August 2018 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907063052/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/programmes/india-ke-mast-kalandar/params/tvprogramme/programmeid-30000000550492878 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2021–2025
|[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]
|rowspan="3"|Rajesh Wagle
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sumeet Raghavan to be seen in the classic comedy show Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|access-date=2020-12-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=13 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213053121/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Ziddi Dil Maane Na]]''
|Guest
|-
|2022;2023
|''[[Pushpa Impossible]]''
|Guest<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pushpa-impossible-and-wagle-ki-duniya-mahasangam-on-the-special-occasion-of-ganesh-chaturthi/articleshow/94071335.cms|title=Pushpa Impossible and Wagle ki Duniya mahasangam on the special occasion of Ganesh Chaturthi|date=8 September 2022|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=21 January 2024|archive-date=25 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625081714/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pushpa-impossible-and-wagle-ki-duniya-mahasangam-on-the-special-occasion-of-ganesh-chaturthi/articleshow/94071335.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rajesh-wagle-from-wagle-ki-duniya-extends-a-helping-hand-to-pushpa-during-a-storm-in-pushpa-impossible/articleshow/101398541.cms|title=Rajesh Wagle from Wagle Ki Duniya extends a helping hand to Pushpa during a storm in Pushpa Impossible|date=30 June 2023|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=21 January 2024|archive-date=11 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711134057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rajesh-wagle-from-wagle-ki-duniya-extends-a-helping-hand-to-pushpa-during-a-storm-in-pushpa-impossible/articleshow/101398541.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Films===
[[File:Sumeet and Akshay.jpg|thumb|right|Raghavan (right) with [[Akshay Kumar]] (center) and [[Mona Singh]] (left) on sets of "Star Ya Rockstar"]]
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Ref(s)
|-
|2025
|[[Sangeet Manapmaan ]]
|Chandravilas
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Sangeet Manapmaan Movie (2025): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} संगीत मानापमान {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/manapmaan-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=13 October 2024 |date=12 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Ekda kaay Zala (Film)|Ekda Kaay Zala]]''
| Kiran
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/ekda-kaay-zala-wins-national-award-for-best-marathi-film-8908300/|title=Ekda Kaay Zala wins National Award for Best Marathi Film|date=25 August 2023|access-date=24 October 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195855/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/ekda-kaay-zala-wins-national-award-for-best-marathi-film-8908300/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]''
| [[Shriram Lagoo]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/old-super-hits-revamped-for-ani-dr-kashinath-ghanekar/articleshow/66533843.cms|title=Old super hits revamped for Ani Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar|date=8 November 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=24 October 2023|archive-date=15 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015153635/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/old-super-hits-revamped-for-ani-dr-kashinath-ghanekar/articleshow/66533843.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Bucket List (2018 film)|Bucket List]]''
| Mohan Sane
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/madhuri-dixit-nene-gears-up-for-her-marathi-film-debut-bucket-list-movie-scheduled-for-summer-release/articleshow/63463300.cms|title=Madhuri Dixit-Nene gears up for her Marathi film debut 'Bucket List', movie scheduled for summer release|work=The Economic Times|date=26 March 2018|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410140313/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/madhuri-dixit-nene-gears-up-for-her-marathi-film-debut-bucket-list-movie-scheduled-for-summer-release/articleshow/63463300.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2018
| ''[[Aapla Manus]]''
| Rahul Gokhale
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/ajay-devgns-maiden-marathi-production-titled-aapla-manus-1613855.html|title=Ajay Devgn's Maiden Marathi Production Titled Aapla Manus|publisher=CNN-News18|date=25 December 2017|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235421/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/ajay-devgns-maiden-marathi-production-titled-aapla-manus-1613855.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2015
| ''[[Sandook]]''
| Vamanrao Ashtaputre
|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.zeetalkies.com/reviews/sandook-movie-review.html | title=Sandook Movie Review | work=[[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] | publisher=[[Zee Talkies]] | access-date=15 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164657/http://www.zeetalkies.com/reviews/sandook-movie-review.html%20 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|2014
|''[[Holiday (2014 film)|Holiday]]''
| Sub Inspector Mukund Deshmukh
| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/597508 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607194346/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/597508 | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 June 2013 | title=Holiday - A Soldier Is Never Off Duty | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|''[[Kucch Luv Jaisaa]]''
| Shravan Saxena
| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/537923 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115133045/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/537923 | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 January 2012 | title=Kucch Luv Jaisaa | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|''[[My Name Is Khan]]''
| Attacker
| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-up-to-tv-actors-to-prolong-their-shelf-life-sumeet-raghavan-1340666 | title=Up to TV actors to prolong their shelf-life: Sumeet Raghavan | agency=Press Trust of India | work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] | date=29 January 2010 | access-date=15 December 2015 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164651/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-up-to-tv-actors-to-prolong-their-shelf-life-sumeet-raghavan-1340666%20 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2009
|''[[Firaaq]]''
| Dr. Subhash
| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/513165 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111203644/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/513165 | url-status=dead | archive-date=11 January 2012 | title=Firaaq | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
|''[[U Me Aur Hum]]''
| Dr. Nikhil
| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201801 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115121123/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201801 | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 January 2012 | title=U Me aur Hum | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
|| ''[[Ghoom (film)|Ghoom]]''
|Inspector Vijay Dikshit
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/may/may227.htm|title=MTV India forays into films; spoofs 'Dhoom'|date=18 May 2006|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020311/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/may/may227.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Dubbing roles==
===Animated series===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Program title !! Original Voice(s) !! Character !! Dub language !! Original language !! Number of episodes !! Original airdate !! Dubbed airdate !! Notes
|-
| [[Aladdin (animated TV series)|Aladdin]] || [[Jonathan Brandis]] and [[Jeff Bennett]] || [[List of Disney's Aladdin characters#Mozenrath|Mozenrath]] || Hindi || English || 86 || 5 September 1994 – 25 November 1995 || ||
|-
|[[The Powerpuff Girls|''The Powerpuff Girls'']] || [[Tom Kane]] || HIM || Hindi || English || 78 || 11/18/1998- 3/25/2005 || 1999-2005 || Aired on Zee TV and Cartoon Network.
|-
| [[The Batman (TV series)|''The Batman'']] || [[Kevin Michael Richardson]] || [[Joker (character)|Joker]] || Hindi || English || 65 || 9/11/2004- 3/8/2008 || || Aired on [[Cartoon Network]].
|-
|}

===Live action films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film title !! Actor(s) !! Character !! Dub language !! Original language !! Original Year release !! Dub Year release !! Notes
|-
| [[Blue Streak (film)|Blue Streak]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/Sumeet-Raghavan-Marathi-Martin-Lawrence-Blue-Streak/articleshow/37018089.cms? | title=Sumeet was Martin Lawrence's voice | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | publisher=[[The Times Group]] | date=27 December 2014 | access-date=15 December 2015 | archive-date=1 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701025514/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/Sumeet-Raghavan-Marathi-Martin-Lawrence-Blue-Streak/articleshow/37018089.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> || [[Martin Lawrence]] || Miles Logan / Detective Malone || Hindi || English || 1999 || 1999 ||
|-
| [[Rush Hour 2]] || [[Chris Tucker]] || Detective James Carter || Hindi || English Cantonese Chinese Mandarin Chinese || 2001 || 2001 ||
|-
|[[Evolution (2001 film)|Evolution]]
|[[Orlando Jones]]
|Professor Harry Block
|Hindi
|English
|
|
|
|-
| [[Shanghai Noon]] || [[Owen Wilson]] || Roy O'Bannon || Hindi || English || 2000 || 2000 ||
|-
| [[Shanghai Knights]] || [[Owen Wilson]] || Roy O'Bannon || Hindi || English || 2003 || 2003 ||
|-
| [[Bad Boys II]] || [[Martin Lawrence]] || Detective Marcus Burnett || Hindi || English || 2003 || 2003 ||
|-
| [[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets]] || [[Christian Coulson]] || [[Lord Voldemort|Tom Riddle]] || Hindi || English || 2002 || 2003 ||
|}

==See also==
* [[Dubbing (filmmaking)]]
* [[List of Indian dubbing artists]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* ''{{IMDb name|2670109}}''

{{Indian Telly Award Best Comic Actor}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raghavan, Sumeet}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:1971 births]]

Magrahat

2025-12-12T00:13:06Z

Saurabh: Enhanced content and organization

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Magrahat
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| imagesize = 300px
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.2420|N|88.3784|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| subdivision_type3 = CD block
| subdivision_name3 = [[Magrahat II]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.02
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8
| population_total = 17392
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 743355
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 3174
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-19 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-22, [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-95 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-99
| blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jaynagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaynagar (SC)]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Magrahat Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Magrahat Purba (SC)]], [[Magrahat Paschim (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Magrahat Paschim]]
| website = {{URL|www.s24pgs.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Magrahat''' is a [[census town]] and a [[gram panchayat]] within the jurisdiction of the Magrahat police station in the [[Magrahat II]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Diamond Harbour subdivision]] of the [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=320| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|9|0|N|88|21|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the eastern part of Diamond Harbour subdivision (including Magrahat I & II, Mandirbazar, Mathurapur I & II CD blocks) in South 24 Parganas district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, T: religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|19|40|N|88|16|17|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Ajodhyanagar| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Ajodhyanagar]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|18|56|N|88|16|6|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Sirakol| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Sirakol]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|16|25|N|88|18|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Uttar Bishnupur| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Uttar Bishnupur]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|14|15|N|88|17|14|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Ghola Noapara| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Ghola Noapara]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|14|50|N|88|16|20|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Usthi| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Usthi]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|12|55|N|88|17|21|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Barijpur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Barijpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|13|30|N|88|18|4|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=Uttar Kusum| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Uttar Kusum]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|12|50|N|88|20|10|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Kalikapota| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Kalikapota]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|12|0|N|88|20|31|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Bamna| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Bamna, Magrahat]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|15|40|N|88|17|36|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Baneswarpur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Baneswarpur]] (R)|shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|17|55|N|88|23|46|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Dhamua| numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Dhamua]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|17|20|N|88|23|17|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Shyampur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Shyampur, Magrahat]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|17|15|N|88|21|0|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13=Nainan| numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Nainan]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|16|25|N|88|21|40|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Uttar Kalas| numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Uttar Kalas]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|15|40|N|88|20|33|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Dihi Kalas| numbered15=CT| mark-title15= [[Dihi Kalas]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|14|10|N|88|21|16|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Swangrampur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16= [[Swangrampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|13|25|N|88|22|16|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Bilandapur| numbered17=CT| mark-title17= [[Bilandapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|14|50|N|88|22|42|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Magrahat| numbered18=CT| mark-title18= Magrahat (CT)|shape-color18=black| label-size18=13|label-color18=black 
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|9|44|N|88|21|36|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19=Chandpur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19= [[Chandpur, Mandirbazar]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|10|20|N|88|24|35|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Bangsidharpur| numbered20=CT| mark-title20= [[Bangsidharpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|9|5|N|88|23|30|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21=Purba Bishnupur| numbered21=CT| mark-title21= [[Purba Bishnupur]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|9|47|N|88|19|32|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Mandirbazar| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Mandirbazar]] (R)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|7|57|N|88|20|25|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Krishnapur| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Krishnapur, Mandirbazar]] (R)|shape-color23=#C42222
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|7|10|N|88|25|39|E}} | label-pos24=bottom|label24=Krishna Chandrapur| numbered24=CT| mark-title24= [[Krishna Chandrapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|7|13|N|88|23|39|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25=Mathurapur| numbered25=CT| mark-title25= [[Mathurapur, South 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|8|40|N|88|26|0|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Purba Ranaghat| numbered26=CT| mark-title26= [[Purba Ranaghat]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|7|49|N|88|25|23|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Lalpur| numbered27=CT| mark-title27= [[Lalpur, Mathurapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|0|4|N|88|26|7|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Raidighi| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Raidighi]] (R)|shape-color28=#C42222
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|2|12|N|88|26|43|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Baribhanga Abad| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Baribhanga Abad]] (R)|shape-color29=#C42222
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|6|30|N|88|19|15|E}} | label-pos30=bottom|label30= Lakshmikantapur| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Lakshmikantapur]] (R)|shape-color30=#C42222
|mark-coord31={{coord|21|59|55|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos31=bottom|label31= Jatar Deul| numbered31=T| mark-title31= [[Jatar Deul]] (T)|shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|22|0|30|N|88|10|15|E}}| label32=Hooghly River| label-color32 = #77A1CB| label-angle32=-65| label-pos32=right| label-size32=10| mark-size32=0| mark-title32=none}}

===Area overview===
Diamond Harbour subdivision is a rural subdivision with patches of urbanization. Only 14.61% of the population lives in the urban areas and an overwhelming 85.39% lives in the rural areas. In the eastern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 24 [[census town]]s. The entire district is situated in the [[Ganges Delta]] and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters. Location of places in the larger map varies a little. It is an OpenStreetMap, while we are using coordinates as in Google Maps.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South Twety-four Parganas |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 December 2019 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 13, Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 9: Sundarbans and the Remote Islanders, p 290-311 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 5 December 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Location===
Magrahat is located at {{coord|22.2420|N|88.3784|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|8|m}}.

[[Uttar Kalas]], [[Dihi Kalas]], [[Swangrampur]] and after a small gap Magrahat and [[Bilandapur]] form a cluster of census towns in the south-east corner of the Magrahat II CD block, as per the map of the Magrahat II CD block in the ''District Census Handbook'' for the South 24 Parganas. [[Dhamua]], [[Shyampur, Magrahat|Shyampur]] and [[Nainan]] form another cluster of census towns closeby in the Magrahat II CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 419 - Map of Magrahat II CD block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 19 November 2019}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Magrahat had a total population of 17,392, of which 8,643 (50%) were males and 8,749 (50%) were females. There were 2,264 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literates in Magrahat was 11,259 (74.40% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 19 October 2019}}</ref>

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Magrahat police station covers an area of 135.184 sq km. It has jurisdiction over the [[Magrahat II]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ddhpolicedistrict.org/magrahat.php |title = Magrahat police station | work= Diamond Harbour police district |publisher= West Bengal police | access-date = 19 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South 24 Parganas | work = Table No. 2.1 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 19 October 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of the Magrahat II CD block are located at Magrahat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2155 | title = BDO Offices under South 24 Parganas District | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 17 October 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181003083629/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2155 | archive-date = 3 October 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Magrahat covered an area of 3.021 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 12 km roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved overhead tank. It had 310 domestic electric connections. Among the educational facilities it had were 7 primary schools, 1 middle school, 2 secondary schools, 1 senior secondary school, 1 general degree college. It had 1 recognised shorthand, typewriting and vocational training institution. Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 1 cinema theatre. An important commodity it produced was embroidery work. It had the branch of 1 nationalised bank.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook South Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 999-1006 Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 1006-1010; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 1010-1015; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1015-1019; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1019-1027 Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1027- 1029: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 19 November 2018}}</ref>

==Social scenario==
According to the ''District Human Development Report for the South 24 Parganas'', “The district is typically at the lower rung of the ladder in terms of district per capita income compared to other districts of West Bengal… This place also houses the largest proportion of backward people compared to the state… So far as the crime scenario is concerned the economically weaker group, i.e. the women and children, suffer the most in this district.”<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Pages 202-203, Chapter 7: Human Security and Vulnerability | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 7 January 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Transport==
Magrahat is on the Usthi-Magrahat-Dakshin Barasat Road.<ref>Google maps</ref>

[[Magra Hat railway station]] is on the [[Sealdah South lines|Sealdah–Diamond Harbour line]] of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/sealdah-diamond-harbour-local-34814/17067/325/8018#st | title = 34814 Sealdah-Diamond Harbour Local | work = Time Table | publisher = India Rail Info | access-date = 20 November 2019}}</ref>

===Commuters===
With the electrification of the railways, suburban traffic has grown tremendously since the 1960s. As of 2005-06, more than 1.7 million (17 lakhs) commuters use the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system daily. After the partition of India, refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan and Bangladesh had a strong impact on the development of urban areas in the periphery of Kolkata. The new immigrants depended on Kolkata for their livelihood, thus increasing the number of commuters. Eastern Railway runs 1,272 EMU trains daily.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328319153 | title = Commuting and Metropolitan Development of Kolkata |first= Bhaswati| last= Mondal| access-date = 29 December 2019}}</ref>

==Education==
[[Magrahat College]], established in 1996, is affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]]. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, education, history, geography and political science, and a general course in arts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/MagrahatCollege/Magrahat_College.shtml | title = Magrahat College | publisher =College Admission | access-date = 19 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.magrahatcollege.com/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180614085031/http://www.magrahatcollege.com/ | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 14 June 2018 |title = Magrahat College|publisher= MC| access-date = 19 November 2019 }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Magrahat Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at Magrahat, is the major government medical facility in the Magrahat II CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 19 November 2019 | archive-date = 14 September 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{South 24 Parganas}}
{{South 24 Parganas topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in South 24 Parganas district]]

Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 3

2025-11-23T21:01:57Z

Saurabh: Creating new article.

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 3
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #000
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| judges = [[Saroj Khan]] [[Juhi Chawla]] [[Vaibhavi Merchant]]
| host = [[Shiv Panditt]] [[Shweta Tiwari]]
| num_contestants = 12
| celebrity_winner = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
| professional_winner = Sonia Jaffer
| runner_up = [[Gauahar Khan]]
}}
| num_episodes = 24
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2009|02|27}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2009|05|31}}
| episode_list =
| prev_series = [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa#Season 2|Season 2]]
| next_series = [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 4|Season 4]]
}}
'''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 3''' is the third season of the dance reality show, ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]''. It premiered on 27 February 2009 on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]. The season was hosted by [[Shweta Tiwari]], [[Shiv Panditt]] and [[Rohit Roy]]. The series was won by [[Baichung Bhutia]] and Sonia Zaffer on 31 May 2009 winning ₹40,00,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2009 |title=Bhaichung gets his goal, wins Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bhaichung-gets-his-goal-wins-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-317298.html |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Couples===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" |Celebrity
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Notability
! scope="col" |Professional partner
! scope="col" |Status
!Ref
|-
! scope="row" |[[Bhagyashree|Bhagyashree Dassani]]
|Actress
|Toby Fernandez
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 1st
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhagyashree fails on TV show |newspaper=Masala.com |date=10 March 2009 |url=https://www.masala.com/bollywood-news/bhagyashree-fails-on-tv-show-10854}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Ugesh Sarcar]]
|Magician
|Tina Sachdeva
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 2nd
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Had I used magic tricks, we would have gone far' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/18ugesh-sarcar-out-of-jhalak.htm |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Anand Raaj Anand]]
|Music composer & Singer
|Rozita Rajput
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 3rd
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Mohinder Amarnath]]
|Cricketer
|Lillian Mendes
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 4th
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Dancing is tougher than cricket' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/31mohinder-amarnath-on-jhalak.htm |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
![[Ram Kapoor]]
|Actor
|Marischa Fernandes
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 5th
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram Kapoor on being voted out of Jhalak Dikhla Jaa |url=https://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/apr/08/ram-kapoor-out-of-jhalak.htm |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
|-
![[Monica Bedi]]
|Actress
|Javed Sanadi
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 7th
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: 'I am sure the dance forms in Jhalak will help me in my film career' |url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2009/apr/28sld1-monica-bedi-on-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-elimination.htm |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=specials.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
![[Shilpa Shukla]]
|Actress
|Nishant Bhat
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 8th
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2009 |title=Shilpa Shukla dances out of Jhalak… |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/shilpa-shukla-dances-out-of-jhalak/story-MB72epNTYcJoWlXVFHvgvI.html |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
![[Parul Chauhan]]
|Actress
|Deepak Singh
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 9th
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhalak gets its top 4... |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/jhalak-gets-its-top-4_12199 |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
![[Hard Kaur]]
|Rapper
|Savio Barnes
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 10th
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2009 |title=Gauhar & I are not friends: Hard Kaur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gauhar-i-are-not-friends-hard-kaur/articleshow/4559589.cms |access-date=4 February 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
![[Karan Singh Grover]]
|Actor
|Nicole Alvares
| style="background:tan;" |Third place
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2009 |title=Karan Singh Grover looses in Jhalak Dikhlaja -3 |url=https://shishircyb.wordpress.com/2009/06/02/karan-singh-grover-losses-in-jhalak-dikhlaja-3/ |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=TREATISE |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Gauahar Khan]] [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|17x17px]]
| rowspan="2" |Model
| rowspan="2" |Himanshu Gadani {{small|(''earlier Hanif Hilal)''}}
| style="background:#f4c7b8;" |Eliminated 6th
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=A shocker eviction in Jhalak |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/a-shocker-eviction-in-jhalak_11762 |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="background:silver;" |Runners-up
|
|-
![[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
|Footballer
|Sonia Jaffer
| style="background:gold;" |Winners
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2009 |title=Bhaichung gets his goal, wins Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bhaichung-gets-his-goal-wins-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-317298.html |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Scoring chart ==
The highest score each week is indicated in {{fontcolor|#004600|'''bold green'''}} with a dagger ({{dagger}}), while the lowest score each week is indicated in {{fontcolor|#800000|''italicized red''}} with a double-dagger ({{double-dagger}}).

;<nowiki>Colour key:</nowiki>
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
{{legend|gold|Winners}}
{{legend|silver|Runners-up}}
{{legend|tan|Third place}}
{{legend|lightblue|Bottom two}}
{{legend|#f4c7b8|Eliminated}}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|+''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' (season 3)- Nightly Scores
! rowspan="2" |Couple
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Pl.|Place}}
! colspan="18" |Night
|-
!1
!2
!3
!1+3
!4
!2+4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14{{efn|The couples were scored on a 40-point scale due to the presence of a guest judge.|name=GuestJudge}}
!15
!14+15
|-
! scope="row" |{{nowrap|Bhaichung & Sonia}}
|1st
|{{N/a}}
|22
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|23
|45
|22
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|27
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|25
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|25}}''{{double-dagger}}
|29+27='''{{fontcolor|#004600|56}}'''{{dagger}}{{sort|56|}}
|37+40+36='''{{fontcolor|#004600|113}}'''{{dagger}}{{sort|113|}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|25}}''{{double-dagger}}
|bgcolor=gold|138{{efn|This couple finished in first place.|name=Win}}
|-
! scope="row" |{{nowrap|Gauahar & Himanshu}}
|2nd
|24
|{{N/a}}
|24
|48
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|27
|26
|bgcolor=lightblue|23{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|26{{efn|name=Elim}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This couple was eliminated but performed as wild card again, and was selected.|name=WildS}}
|26
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|28}}'''{{dagger}}
|bgcolor=lightblue|28{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}
|bgcolor=lightblue|22+24=46{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}{{sort|46|}}
|37+40+36='''{{fontcolor|#004600|113}}'''{{dagger}}{{sort|113|}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|bgcolor=silver|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|143}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This couple finished in second place.}}
|-
! scope="row" |Karan & Nicole
|3rd
|{{N/a}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|19}}''{{double-dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|29}}'''{{dagger}}
|48
|25
|26
|19
|27
|{{N/a}}
|27
|22
|29
|25+18=''{{fontcolor|#800000|43}}''{{double-dagger}}{{sort|43|}}
|33+36+29=''{{fontcolor|#800000|98}}''{{double-dagger}}{{sort|98|}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|25}}''{{double-dagger}}
|bgcolor=tan|''{{fontcolor|#800000|123}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|This couple finished in third place.}}
|-
! scope="row" |Hard & Savio
|4th
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|27}}'''{{dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|27
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|54}}'''{{dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|24
|26
|28
|28
|{{N/a}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|29
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|26+27=53{{efn|name=Elim}}{{sort|53|}}
| colspan="3" rowspan="9" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|-
! scope="row" |Parul & Deepak
|5th
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|20}}''{{double-dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|22
|42
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|22
|29
|29
|bgcolor=lightblue|''{{fontcolor|#800000|19}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}
|{{N/a}}
|28
|bgcolor=lightblue|24{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|26{{efn|name=Elim}}
| rowspan="8" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|-
! scope="row" |Shilpa & Nishant
|6th
|23
|{{N/a}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|18}}''{{double-dagger}}
|bgcolor=lightblue|''{{fontcolor|#800000|41}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|bgcolor=lightblue|''{{fontcolor|#800000|20}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}
|27
|28
|{{N/a}}
|bgcolor=lightblue|24{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|''{{fontcolor|#800000|20}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|name=Elim}}
| rowspan="7" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|-
! scope="row" |Monica & Javed
|7th
|24
|{{N/a}}
|22
|46
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|20}}''{{double-dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|22
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|''{{fontcolor|#800000|23}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|name=Elim}}
| rowspan="6" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|-
! scope="row" |Ram & Marischa
|8th
|{{N/a}}
|20
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|26
|46
|22
|26
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|''{{fontcolor|#800000|16}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|name=Elim}}
| rowspan="5" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|27{{efn|This couple was eliminated but performed as wild card again, but was not selected.|name=Wild}}
| rowspan="5" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|-
!Mohinder & Lilian
|9th
|{{N/a}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|25}}'''{{dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|23
|48
|23
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|23{{efn|name=Elim}}
| rowspan="4" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|20{{efn|This couple was eliminated but performed as wild card again, but was not selected.|name=Wild}}
|-
! scope="row" |Anand & Rozita
|10th
|{{N/a}}
|23
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|21}}''{{double-dagger}}
|bgcolor=lightblue|''{{fontcolor|#800000|44}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|name=Bottom|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.}}
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|21{{efn|name=Elim}}
| rowspan="3" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|28{{efn|This couple was eliminated but performed as wild card again, but was not selected.|name=Wild}}
|-
! scope="row" |Ugesh & Tina
|11th
|{{N/a}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|25}}'''{{dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|25
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|50}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This couple was eliminated.|name=Elim}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|''{{fontcolor|#800000|19}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|This couple was eliminated but performed as wild card again, but was not selected.|name=Wild}}
|-
! scope="row" |Bhagyashree & Toby
|12th
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|20}}''{{double-dagger}}
|{{N/a}}
|24
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|44{{efn|name=Elim}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|bgcolor=#f4c7b8|24{{efn|This couple was eliminated but performed as wild card again, but was not selected.|name=Wild}}
|}
;Notes
{{notelist}}{{Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa seasons]]
[[Category:2009 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]

[[pl:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]

Chamaraja Road, Mysore

2025-10-28T04:35:24Z

Saurabh: starting a article added tags...

{{Short description|Street in Mysore, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}

[[File:Freedom_park,_Dewans_Road.jpg|thumb|Freedom fighters Park]]
'''Chamaraja Road''' or '''Chamarajendra double Road''' is an important main street in downtown [[Mysore city]], Karnataka state, India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 27, 2015|first=Lawrence|last=Milton|title=Motorists troubled on Chamaraja Double Road|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/motorists-troubled-on-chamaraja-double-road/articleshow/49547640.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gun House|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/mysore/gun-house/ps51222621.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 21, 2017|title=Dried-up trees, branches posing danger to people|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/dried-up-trees-branches-posing-danger-to-people/articleshow/58767990.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=October 17, 2019|title=Last gasp of the southwest monsoon leaves Mysuru roads flooded|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/last-gasp-of-the-southwest-monsoon-leaves-mysuru-roads-flooded/articleshow/71621276.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
{{coord|12.302612292175874|N|76.64361932747211|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

== Location ==
Chamaraja Road is located on the southern side of the city center. Other important roads like Kantharaja Urs Road, [[Krishnaraja Boulevard]] Road, Jhansi Lakshmi Bai Road, [[Dewan's Road]], Narayana Shastry Road, Thyagaraja Road,<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 23, 2018|first=Lawrence|last=Milton|title=Thyagaraja Road set to go wireless soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/thyagaraja-road-set-to-go-wireless-soon/articleshow/63034748.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Sayyajirao Road, [[Ramanuja]] Road and Uttaradhi Mutt Road connect with it and the road terminates with [[Mysore-Ooty Road]] near JSS Circle.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 9, 2021|title=Mysuru civic body to act against those who damage roads|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/mcc-to-act-against-those-who-damage-citys-roads/articleshow/85159112.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 15, 2020|title=Closure of public toilets revives nuisance of urinating in open|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/closure-of-public-toilets-revives-nuisance-of-urinating-in-open/articleshow/77555142.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 October 2012 |first=Lawrence|last=Milton|title=Dead tree branches pose danger during rains |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/dead-tree-branches-pose-danger-during-rains/articleshow/16827045.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

Chamaraja Road begins at Kantharaja Urs Road near Fire Brigade circle of Saraswathipuram. It passes the southern side of the Freedom fighters Park and has many landmarks en route.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 1, 2021|first=Lawrence|last=Milton|title=Mysuru to implement bicycles4change project|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/mysuru-to-implement-bicycles4change-project/articleshow/84930323.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 17, 2021|title=Dasara elephants checked-in to Mysuru palace|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/dasara-elephants-checked-in-to-mysuru-palace/articleshow/86271713.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=October 25, 2017|title=Freedom fighters celebrate Mysuru Chalo anniversary|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/freedom-fighters-celebrate-mysuru-chalo-anniversary/articleshow/61209990.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Important landmarks ==
* University Engineering Division
* Muslim Hostel complex
* Arasu Boaarding school ground
* University Pavilion ground
* Maharajas degree college
* Maharajas degree college Hostel
* Sitaraghava press and pharmaceuticals<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 27, 2017|title=‘Caution board’ near Ramaswamy Circle no guarantor of safety|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/caution-board-near-ramaswamy-circle-no-guarantor-of-safety/articleshow/61251849.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* Freedom fighters Park
* Jetty Hospital
* Lakshmi Theatre<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 14, 2021|first=Shrinivasa|last=M.|title=Mysuru's Lakshmi theatre falls to Covid|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/mysurus-lakshmi-theatre-falls-to-covid/articleshow/83501753.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* Gayathri Theatre<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 26, 2014|title=Street dogs miss their doting master|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/street-dogs-miss-their-doting-master/articleshow/40883902.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* Sahakara Bhavan
* [[Sanskrit]] Pathashala
* Public offices building
* Basaveshwara Circle
* JSS Mahavidyapeetha
* JSS Circle

== Length ==
Dewan's Road is about 2.2 kilometers in length.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 7, 2019|first=Shrinivasa|last=M.|title=Parents anxious about lack of police supervision near schools in Mysuru|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/parents-anxious-about-lack-of-police-supervision-near-schools-in-mysuru/articleshow/70109898.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Chamaraja double road is named after [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X|Chamaraja Wodeyar X]], Maharaja of Mysore GCSI (1863–1894; r. 1868–94) CI (1866–1934; Regent of Mysore: 30 December 1894 – 8 August 1902).<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2015|title=Roads, junctions in city will be named after famous Mysureans|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/roads-junctions-in-city-will-be-named-after-famous-mysureans/articleshow/47231652.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 12, 2015|title=Roads, junctions in city will be named after famous Mysureans|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/roads-junctions-in-city-will-be-named-after-famous-mysureans/articleshow/47245933.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Post office ==
The [[Postal Index Number]] of Chamaraja double Road is 570004 as it comes under Mysore Fort Post Office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the pincode of Mysore Fort?|url=http://www.pincodebox.in/pincode/570004|url-status=live|website=www.pincodebox.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621084616/http://www.pincodebox.in/pincode/570004 |archive-date=21 June 2017 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Devaraj Urs Road, Mysore]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Suburbs of Mysore]]
[[Category:Roads in Mysore]]
[[Category:Mysore South]]

National Highway 210 (India, old numbering)

2025-10-13T22:27:24Z

Saurabh: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 536 (India)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R with history}}
}}

Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple, T. Nagar

2025-08-30T00:25:56Z

Saurabh: creating basic place v1

{{Short description|Perumal temple in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple, T. Nagar
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Chennai
| map_caption = Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple, [[T. Nagar]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0357|N|80.2364|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Chennai district|Chennai]]
| location = [[T. Nagar]]
| elevation_m = 31.74
| deity = [[Venkateswara]] and [[Alamelu|Alamelu Manga]]
| year_completed =
| architecture =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple''' (Tamil: '''''ஸ்ரீ வெங்கடேசுவர சுவாமி கோயில்''''') is a [[Hindu temple]] located inside the premises of [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|TTD]] Information Center, Venkatanarayana Road, [[T. Nagar]], Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2024 |title=T Nagar Perumal temple becomes highest revenue-clocking TTD temple after Tirumala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/t-nagar-perumal-temple-becomes-highest-revenue-clocking-ttd-temple-after-tirumala/articleshow/111209474.cms |access-date=9 November 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=The Hindu Bureau |date=30 May 2023 |title=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams to expand its temple in T. Nagar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tirumala-tirupati-devasthanams-to-expand-its-temple-in-t-nagar/article66912957.ece |access-date=9 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 April 2024 |title=GRT jewellers group donates Rs 1 crore for development of TTD temple at Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/grt-jewellers-group-donates-rs-1-crore-for-development-of-ttd-temple-at-chennai/articleshow/109223461.cms |access-date=9 November 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Venkateswara]] and [[Alamelu|Alamelu Manga]] are worshipped in this temple, which also has images of [[Hayagriva]], Varaha, Sri Rama, Sri Krishna, Andal, Charkratalwar, [[Ranganatha]], [[Lakshmi]], Sridevi and [[Bhumidevi]], [[Brahma]] and Ramanujarcharya. Near to this temple is located a Lakshmi temple viz., [[T. Nagar Padmavathi Temple|Padmavathi Temple]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=DTNEXT Bureau |date=18 March 2023 |title=Padmavathi Thayaar Temple consecrated in Chennai |url=https://www.dtnext.in/city/2023/03/17/padmavathi-thayaar-temple-consecrated-in-chennai |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Rama with Kodhanda.jpg|thumb|Statue of Rama holding the Sharanga (Kodhanda) bow, kept on display at the temple on the occasion of the inauguration of the [[Ayodhya]] [[Ram Mandir|Ram temple]] in January 2024]]

==See also==
* [[Religion in Chennai]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Portal|India|Hinduism}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}

[[Category:Venkateswara temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Chennai]]
[[Category:Perumal temples in Chennai district]]

Saidul Ajaib

2025-08-23T22:18:13Z

Saurabh: updated page

{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saidul Ajaib
| native_name = Said-ul-Ajaib
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Delhi
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.5549|N|77.1919|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[South Delhi|South]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 14075
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Said-ul-Ajaib''' is a [[census town]] in [[South Delhi|South district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Delhi]]. Today it is most known for the [[Garden of Five Senses]] park developed by Delhi Tourism. A large number of PGs have sprung up due to its proximity to [[Saket metro station]] and [[Saket (Delhi)|Saket]]. It is situated on [[Mehrauli-Badarpur Road|Mehrauli Badarpur Road]] and Ignou Main Road passes through it. Paryavaran Complex, Freedom Fighter Enclave and Sainik Farms are in this area.

A favourite noble of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, the chief of chamberlains and a follower of the Sufi tradition — these are among the few things known about the man after whom Saidulajab is named. According to historians, the khanqah (a structure meant for Sufi gatherings) of 14th Century noble Sayyid-ul-Hujjab Maruf existed in the area where the village now stands. Over the centuries, the word Hujjab was corrupted, first becoming ajaib and then ajab.

Archaeologist Maulvi Zafar Hasan, Maruf is described as a “favourite noble of Firoz Shah (Tughlaq) enjoying the rank and title of Malik Sayyidul Hujjab.”
“Both he and his father, Khuaja Wahid Quraishi, were disciples of Shaikh Nizamuddin, and Firoz Shah conferred great favours upon him, and held such a high opinion of his sagacity that he always consulted him in the affairs of the country. He enjoyed royal favours and confidence until his death,” he wrote.
An urban village which has Qutub Minar on one side and Saket on the other, Saidulajaib is now known for The Garden of Five Senses and Champa Gali, with its design studios, chic cafes and handicraft stores.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Said-ul-Ajaib had a population of 14,075. Males constitute 60% of the population and females 40%. Saidul Ajaib has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 55%. In Saidul Ajaib, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Mehrauli]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in South Delhi district]]

{{Delhi-geo-stub}}

Thomas Best (Royal Navy officer)

2025-08-19T15:11:58Z

Saurabh: made

{{EngvarB|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
'''Thomas Best''' (1570? – 1638?), was an English naval officer who served the [[East India Company]] and later the [[Royal Navy]].

==Early life==
Best is thought to have been the son of [[Captain George Best]], who travelled the [[Arctic]] with [[Martin Frobisher]].

==Career==
Thomas Best is thought to have gone to sea when aged around thirteen and by 1598 he was a man of substance and repute, well known in [[Ratcliff]] and [[Limehouse]]. On 30 December 1611 he was appointed to command the ''[[Red Dragon (1595)|Red Dragon]]'', a ship of some 600 tons and 200 men, then fitting for a voyage to the [[East Indies]]. As well as ''Red Dragon'', the full fleet consisted of the ''Osiander'' [[Full-rigged pinnace|pinnace]] joined later by the ''James'' and ''Solomon''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Low|first=Charles Rathbone|authorlink=Charles Rathbone Low|title=History of the Indian navy. (1613–1863)|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofindiann01lowc|publisher=Richard Bentley and Son|location=London|year=1877|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofindiann01lowc/page/12 12]}}</ref> The ships sailed from Gravesend on 6 February 1611 ([[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) 1612 (N.S.) and arrived at [[Surat]], on the north west coast of India, at the beginning of September, much to the annoyance of the Portuguese, who had previously established themselves in the country. They collected a force of four galleons, each as large as the ''Red Dragon'', and some twenty small craft, row-boats carrying many men, and on 29 October appeared off the mouth of the river, where they hoped to surprise the English. Best, in the ''Red Dragon'', at once weighed anchor, stood out to meet them, and passed between two of their ships, firing into each. This caused the Portuguese to pause. The darkness closed in, and they had to anchor for the night. The next morning the ''Osiander'' also came out, and when three of the galleons, in trying to avoid the ''Red Dragon'', got on shore, the ''Osiander'', drawing little water, "danced the hay about them, and so payed them that they durst not show a man on their decks." The fight continued till dark of the second day. The third day was very similar to the second. Towards evening the Portuguese drew back and attempted to burn the ''Red Dragon'' by means of a hastily equipped [[fireship]]. This Best succeeded in sinking before she got dangerously near, and so the fight ended. The loss of the English was returned as three killed and one wounded; that of the Portuguese was certainly very heavy.

Some few days later the Portuguese attempted a further attack in what became known as the [[Battle of Swally]], when Best, again standing out to sea, engaged them with such resolution and skill that after four hours' severe fighting they made all sail to get away. The flight was witnessed by thousands on the shore. The Great Mogul [[Jahangir]] was now quite willing to recognise the English as having rights equal to those of the Portuguese. Thus English trade was placed on a permanent footing, and the birth of the English power in India may properly be dated from this November 1612, rather than from any of the semi-piratical voyages of previous years.

In January 1612–13 Best in the ''Red Dragon'', accompanied by the ''Osiander'', left Surat, and, passing down the coast, crossed over to [[Aceh]], where he arrived on 12 April. He described (12 July) the king and people as very griping, base, and covetous. All trade was forbidden except at [[Banda Aceh]]: but by releasing a Portuguese whom he had captured, he succeeded in winning the favour of the king, who gave him the title of ''Orancaya pute'' which is 'white or clear-hearted lord.' He also obtained permission to open a trade with Siam (now [[Thailand]], and received assurance of good entertainment. At [[Banten (town)|Bantam]] he obtained a grant of land on which to build warehouses, and when, having got a full cargo, he sailed in November on the return voyage, the company's affairs in the East were far more satisfactorily settled than before. The ''Red Dragon'', "richly laden," arrived in [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|the Downs]] in the first week of June 1614, and Best shortly afterwards attended the EIC Council to give a detailed account of his proceedings. He was considered to have "deserved extraordinarily well," though at the same time some dissatisfaction was expressed at "his great private trade". The question was left to the EIC governor, Sir [[Thomas Smythe]], who gave his opinion that no one could be a fitter commander than Best, but that for merchandise Captain [[William Keeling]] was far before him, and should be sent to Surat (7 September). Best refused to go on the voyage without private trade, and a few days later (16 September), nettled, it would appear, by the refusal of the council to give his son an appointment as one of their factors, he refused to go at all. As he very shortly afterwards (27 September) signified his willingness to go another year, it is not improbable that the council gave way. Reports to his disadvantage, however, continued to be circulated, so that Best insisted on an investigation. The decision was that the company was "content to remit all that is past and let these things die, which should not have been ripped up, had he not called them in question himself" (24 October 1615).

In October 1617 the question of sending out a chief commander to Bantam came before the council, and after discussing the relative merits of Sir [[Richard Hawkins]], Sir [[Thomas Dale]], and others, they requested the governor to confer with Best as the fittest of all. Best accepted the appointment, and agreed to sail again in the ''Red Dragon'', but a complaint was presently lodged against him for having appointed his son as a master's mate. On this and other matters Best took high ground; he was summoned before the court, and after some discussion and his refusal to sign a bond for £6,000 to perform the articles agreed on, he was dismissed the company's service (26 November) He afterwards (27 January 1617–18) made his peace with them, but he does not seem to have again accepted any office under the company. It is probable that Best had already served in royal ships, and from this time he was actively employed under the crown. In 1623 he commanded the ''Garland'' (a 38/48-gun galleon, built in 1590), and when the fleet sailed for Spain to bring back [[Charles I of England|Prince Charles]], Best remained as senior officer in the Downs. He had previously been engaged in the prevention of piracy, or the pursuit of pirates, and he would probably have had more of the same duty, had not the insolence of the Dutch, in destroying a Dunkirk privateer at Leith and blockading another at Aberdeen, rendered it necessary to send a small force to the coast of Scotland. It was determined that Best was the proper man to command this expedition; but the ''Bonaventure'', the only other ship available, was commanded by Sir [[William St Leger]], who held that, as a knight, he could not be under the orders of Best. The commissioners of the navy recommended that St. Leger should be superseded in the ''Bonaventure'' by some captain of 'meaner quality.' Captain Christian, who had formerly commanded the ''Osiander'' with Best, was accordingly appointed in his place. The ''Garland'' and ''Bonaventure'' sailed from Margate on 30 June, and, having gone to Abereen, brought the blockaded Dunkirker to the Downs, closely attended by two of the Dutch ships, and when, on 29 July, the convoy attempted to run off by herself, the Dutchmen would have made a prize of her if Best had not beaten them off. He vowed vengeance, but the Dutch ships outsailed him. On 4 August they had all anchored in the Downs, the Dutch at some distance, when Best slipped alongside of them in the dark, and beat them out of the road. The next day the Dutch gathered in force, and threatened summary punishment, unless he could show the king's commission for what he had done. As naval commissions then, as now, were signed only by the admiralty, Best had not the authority the Dutch required, and to evade the difficulty he was ordered to bring the ships up to Gravesend. Eventually he was superseded, and the Dunkirker was sent home with a safe-conduct from the Dutch. In 1627 Best commanded the ''Vanguard'' (19 March 1626-7), which formed part of the fleet assembled at Portsmouth under Lord Willoughby, and in the disastrous [[Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré (1627)|expedition to Rhé]] in 1627.

==Later life==
In September 1630 he was member of a commission to report on the keeping of the king's ships at Chatham and Portsmouth, and in April 1632 of another to consider the manning of ships. In 1633 he seems to have been senior warden of [[Trinity House]], and in 1634 to have been master; in 1637 he appears to have been still master of the Trinity House; and in April 1638 he sat on a commission for inquiring into frauds in the supply of timber. This is the last mention of him that can be traced; it seems, therefore, probable that he died shortly afterwards.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

;Attribution
{{DNB|wstitle=Best, Thomas}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Best, Thomas}}
[[Category:1570s births]]
[[Category:1638 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Year of death uncertain]]
[[Category:British East India Company Marine personnel]]
[[Category:17th-century Royal Navy personnel]]
[[Category:16th-century Royal Navy personnel]]
[[Category:Members of Trinity House]]
[[Category:Royal Navy captains]]

Capital First Ltd.

2025-08-07T06:28:10Z

Saurabh: expanded layout and corrected details

{{short description|Indian financial institution}}
{{Advert|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Capital First Ltd.
| logo = Capital-first Logo.png
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| former_name = [[Future Group|Future Capital Holdings]]
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE was|532938}} {{NSE was|CAPF}}
| ISIN = INE688I01017
| industry = [[Non-bank financial institution]]
| fate = Merged with IDFC Bank to form [[IDFC Bank|IDFC First Bank]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/idfc-bank-and-capital-first-announce-completion-of-merger/article25775612.ece|title=IDFC Bank and Capital First announce completion of merger|work=thehindubusinessline|date=2018-12-18|accessdate=2018-12-19}}</ref>
| successor = [[IDFC First Bank]]
| founded = {{Start date|2005}}<ref name="found">{{cite news |title=Warburg Pincus in talks to acquire Future Capital Holdings |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/warburg-pincus-in-talks-to-acquire-future-capital-holdings/articleshow/13088057.cms |access-date=16 December 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=11 May 2012}}</ref>
| founder =
| defunct = {{End date|df=yes|2018|12|18}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shah |first1=Saumil |title=Capital First & IDFC Bank: Made For Each Other |url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Capital-First-IDFC-Bank-Made-For-Each-Other/15-02-2019-167236/ |website=BW Businessworld |accessdate=16 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
| hq_location = One Indiabulls Centre, Senapati Bapat Marg, [[Lower Parel]] (West)
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| hq_location_country = India<ref>{{cite web |title=Corporate Office |url=https://www.capitalfirst.com/corporate-office |website=Capital First |accessdate=16 March 2019}}</ref>
| area_served = India
| key_people = {{ubl|[[V. Vaidyanathan]] (Chairman & MD)|Pankaj Sanklecha (CFO)}}
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|3628|c|mode=historical|year=2018}}<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18"/>
| revenue_year = 2018
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|454|c|mode=historical|year=2018}}<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18"/>
| income_year = 2018
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|327|c|mode=historical|year=2018}}<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18"/>
| net_income_year = 2018
| aum = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|26997|c|mode=historical|year=2018}} (2018)
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|23981|c|mode=historical|year=2018}}<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18"/>
| assets_year = 2018
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|2549|c|mode=historical|year=2018}}<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18"/>
| equity_year = 2018
| owners = Cloverdell Investment Ltd (34.29%) [[Government of Singapore]] (9.0%)<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18"/>
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid = {{ubl|Capital First Home Finance Limited|Capital First Securities Limited|Capital First Commodities Limited<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18"/>}}
| module = 
| rating = AAA<ref name="Annual Report 2017-18">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2017-18 |url=https://www.capitalfirst.com/pdfs/Capital-First-AR-2017-18.pdf |website=Capital First |accessdate=16 March 2019}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://www.capitalfirst.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Capital First Ltd''', formerly known as Future Capital Holdings, was an Indian [[non-bank financial institution]] which provided debt financing. In December 2018, it was merged into [[IDFC Bank]] to form [[IDFC Bank|IDFC First Bank]]. The company was listed on the [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]] and [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]] prior to the merger.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capitalfirst.com/pdfs/Capital_First_AR_2017-18_with_notice.pdf|title=Capital First Ltd. Annual Report 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnb.co.in/Publications/IndiaTop500Companies2016/Profile/Profiles/Capital%20First%20Limited.pdf |title=Dun & Bradstreet – Company Profile|website=www.dnb.co.in |url-status=live |accessdate=2017-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115202811/http://www.dnb.co.in/Publications/IndiaTop500Companies2016/Profile/Profiles/Capital%20First%20Limited.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://enterpriseasia.org/apea/india/awards/in-2016/vaidyanathan-vembu/|title=Vaidyanathan Vembu — Enterprise Asia|last=nazerry|work=Enterprise Asia|accessdate=2017-07-09|language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
Founded in 2005 as a part of [[Future Group]], the company became Future Capital Holdings in December 2006.<ref name="found"/> The company listed on the Indian stock exchanges in January 2008 following an [[initial public offering]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Future Capital IPO fully subscribed |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/future-capital-ipo-fully-subscribed-108011100031_1.html |access-date=16 December 2024 |work=Business Standard}}</ref> Between 2008 and 2010, the company launched businesses including real estate development financing, corporate credit, private equity, [[asset management]], foreign exchange, retail broking, mall management, wealth management and property services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chittorgarh.com/ipo/future_capital_ipo/151/|title=Future Capital IPO Details – Date, Prospectus, Allotment, Listing, Reviews & Status|website=Chittorgarh|accessdate=2017-07-09}}</ref>

In 2010, [[V. Vaidyanathan]], then MD and CEO of [[ICICI Prudential Life Insurance|ICICI Prudential Life]], was appointed as the vice-chairman and MD of Future Capital Holdings. Vaidyanathan obtained a 10% stake in the company as part of the deal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vaidyanathan appointed vice chairman and MD of Future Capital |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/vaidyanathan-appointed-vice-chairman-and-md-of-future-capital/articleshow/6244862.cms |access-date=16 December 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=V. Vaidyanathan takes wing with a $17 million stake in a star NBFC |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/story/v-vaidyanathan-behind-future-capital-deal-34539-2012-07-03 |access-date=16 December 2024 |work=Business Today |date=3 July 2012 |language=en}}</ref> The company later exited legacy businesses of forex, wealth, and broking, and reduced wholesale lending sharply.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/specials/secret-diary-of-an-entrepreneur/in-for-a-rough-ride-3054|title="If I can see it, then I can do it. If I just believe it, there's nothing to it" {{!}} Outlook Business|last=Business|first=Outlook|work=www.outlookbusiness.com |accessdate=2017-07-09}}</ref>

In 2012, [[Warburg Pincus]] agreed to buy a majority stake in the company for {{INRconvert|8.10|b|year=2012|mode=historical}}, including ₹1 billion by way of preferential allotment. An open offer was made to the public in line with [[SEBI]] guidelines. The board was reconstituted and the company was renamed Capital First.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.warburgpincus.com/investments/capital-first-limited/|title=Capital First Limited {{!}} Warburg Pincus|work=Warburg Pincus|access-date=2017-07-09|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505222004/http://www.warburgpincus.com/investments/capital-first-limited/|archive-date=5 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/v.-vaidyanathan-behind-future-capital-deal/story/185538.html|title=V. Vaidyanathan takes wing with a $17 million stake in a star NBFC|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=3 July 2012 |accessdate=2017-07-09}}</ref>

On 13 January 2018, [[IDFC Bank]] and Capital First announced a merger in a [[stock swap]] deal, with IDFC Bank issuing 139 shares of the bank for every 10 shares of Capital First. The merger completed in December 2018 and Vaidyanathan took over as the MD and CEO of the bank which was renamed IDFC First Bank.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sundarajan |first1=Priya |title=IDFC Bank to take over Capital First in share swap deal |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/idfc-bank-capital-first-to-merge-in-share-swap-deal/article64296887.ece |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=BusinessLine |date=13 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/capital-first-merges-with-idfc-bank-to-create-idfc-first-bank-3305581.html|title=Capital First merges with IDFC Bank to create IDFC First Bank|work=moneycontrol|date=18 December 2018 |accessdate=2018-12-20}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Indian companies established in 2008]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies disestablished in 2019]]
[[Category:IDFC First Bank]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Warburg Pincus companies]]

Bhal Padri

2025-06-28T17:47:27Z

Saurabh: Added a entry w/ sources

{{short description|Hill Station in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhal Padri
| native_name = Bal Padri
| native_name_lang = ks
| settlement_type = Hill Station
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Doda district|Doda]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gandoh|Gandoh (Bhalessa)]]
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_label_position = center
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Bhal Padri in [[Doda district|Doda]], Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|32.943901|N|75.841578|E|display=inline,title}}
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Urdu]]
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Local
| demographics2_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], Gojri, Bhalessi, [[Bhadarwahi language|Bhaderwahi]]
| image_skyline = Bhal Padri Bhalessa.jpg
| image_caption = Bhal Padri is a natural landscape in Bhalessa
| image_size = 300 px
| elevation_ft = 11,000
| elevation_footnotes =<ref name="elevation">{{Cite web | title=Adventures |url=https://doda.nic.in/adventures/ | access-date=13 July 2020 | website=www.doda.nic.in }}</ref>
}}
'''Bhal Padri''' ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]; ''Bal Padri'') is a [[hill station]] situated above a group of small valleys<ref name="SBPR-BOOK">{{Cite book | first1=Hardeep |last1=Chahal|last3=Pereira|first3=Vijay|first2=Jeevan|last2=Jyoti|title=Sustainable Business Practices for Rural Development: The Role of Intellectual Capital|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SjoDwAAQBAJ&dq=bhal+padri&pg=PA126|access-date=13 Jul 2020|page=126|date=28 Feb 2018|isbn=978-981-13-9298-6|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|oclc=1157092488}}</ref> covered with a dense forest<ref name="cv.in"/> located in the Changa, [[Bhalessa]].<ref name="elevation"/> area of [[Doda district]]. It borders [[Padri Top|Padri Pass]], {{efn|name=Padri Pass|Padri Pass or Padri Top is tourist attraction located on Bhaderwah-Himachal Pradesh road}}<ref>{{Cite web | title= Bhal Padri, Doda |url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/doda/attractions/bhal-padri/ | access-date= 11 Jul 2020|website=www.nativeplanet.com}}</ref> [[Bhaderwah]] at a distance of {{convert|4|km|mi}} northeast. Rivulets and streams flow through this valley.<ref name="SBPR-BOOK"/>

==Etymology==
The name ''Bhal Padri'' is derived from the words, ''Bhal,'' which stands for Bhalessa, and ''Padri,'' the name of a nearby location popularly known as ''Padri Pass'' or ''Padri Top.''<ref name="visitor">{{Cite web | title=Bhal Padri|url=https://usamarather.wordpress.com/2020/07/13/bhal-padri/|last=Rather | first=Usama|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref>

==About==
Bhal Padri village is located to the northeast of Padri Pass, the highest point on the Bhaderwah-Chamba road.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PADRI|url=http://www.kashmirhills.com/destinations/bhaderwah/padri-in-bhaderwah/|access-date=2020-07-19|website=Kashmir Hills|language=en-US}}</ref> Bhalessa is the nearest village on the northwestern side. People residing there belong to the Gujjar community<ref name="gk">{{Cite news|last=Yousafzai|first=Tahir Nadeem Khan|title=Laborers on verge of starvation in Doda amid lockdown|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/editorial/laborers-on-verge-of-starvation-in-doda-amid-lockdown/|date=11 Apr 2020|publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]]|access-date=13 Jul 2020}}</ref> and live in mud houses without electricity. They use solar-powered lights.<ref name="India.com">{{Cite news | title=Army lights up 200 more mud houses in higher reaches of JK|url=https://www.india.com/news/agencies/army-lights-up-200-more-mud-houses-in-higher-reaches-of-jk-3256143/|date=25 Aug 2018|access-date=13 Jul 2020|publisher=[[India.com]]}}</ref>

==Tourism==

Bhal Padri is situated above a group of small valleys,<ref name="SBPR-BOOK"/> at an elevation of {{convert|11,000|ft|m}}<ref name="elevation"/> above sea level. The landscape around it is characterised by streams flowing through meadows, surrounded dense forest.<ref name="cv.in">{{Cite web|title=Bhal Padri Gorgeous Valley {{sic|Compris|hide=y|ing Of}} Innumerable Tiny Valleys.|url=https://www.chenabvalley.in/2020/06/27/bhal-padri-gorgeous-valley-comprising-of-innumerable-tiny-valleys/|date=27 Jun 2020|access-date=13 July 2020|website=www.chenabvalley.in|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713043925/https://www.chenabvalley.in/2020/06/27/bhal-padri-gorgeous-valley-comprising-of-innumerable-tiny-valleys/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The area is popular for trekking, as the town of [[Bhaderwah]] is located only {{convert|4|km|mi}} to the southwest.<ref name="outlook-28Jun2020">{{Cite web | title = A rare flower blooms amid slump in tourism in JK's Bhaderwah|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/a-rare-flower-blooms-amid-slump-in-tourism-in-jks-bhaderwah/1879773 | date =28 Jun 2020| publisher= [[Outlook (Indian magazine)]] | access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref>

==Route==
Bhal Padri is located {{convert|66|km|mi}} from the headquarters of [[Doda district]]. It is known to be the connecting link between Bhaderwah and [[Bhalessa]].<ref name="visitor"/> It is not directly connected to any roads. However, nearby roads include the Bhaderwah-Chamba road and the Gandoh-Khilotran road. The Bhaderwah-Chamba road at Padri leads to a path by which one may reach Bhal Padri after a {{convert|10-15|km|mi}} walk.<ref name="heavens">{{Cite web|title=Splendid Tourist Attractions|url=https://www.bhadarwahheavens.com/places.php|work=Bhaderwah Development Authority (J&K Tourism)|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> The Gandoh-Khilotran road is {{convert|12|km|mi}} from Bhal Padri on foot.<ref name="visitor"/>

The route starts from the nearest airport and provincial headquarters at [[Jammu]].

The road starts from Jammu—[[Batote]] (via [[National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)|NH1A]]), changing route from Batote—[[Thathri]] (via [[National Highway 244|NH244]]) and turning right near Thathri-Kishtwar Bridge towards Thathri—Khilotran Highway till the Khilotran area of [[Gandoh|Gandoh Bhalessa]], a footpath is found that leads the travellers to Bhal Padri.<ref name="visitor"/>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{noteslist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Doda district]]
[[Category:Chenab Valley]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Doda district]]

Pheroza J. Godrej

2025-04-17T07:11:01Z

Saurabh: Started a info.

{{Short description|Indian art historian (born 1948)}}

'''Pheroza Jamshyd Godrej''' (née '''Shroff'''; born 1948, in [[Mumbai]]) is an Indian [[art historian]], [[artist]], and [[curator]], best known for founding the Cymroza Art Gallery in Mumbai, in 1971. A graduate of the [[University of Mumbai]], she sits on the [[advisory board]]s of the [[National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai]] and the [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]]. A scholar of [[Zoroastrianism in India|Zoroastrian studies]], she is a member of the [[Godrej family]], as the wife of industrialist [[Jamshyd Godrej]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pheroza Godrej |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/about/pheroza-godrej |website=SOAS |publisher=University of London |access-date=16 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pheroza Godrej |url=https://zasha.info/directories/pheroza-godrej/ |website=Zasha |access-date=16 April 2025 |date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ayaz |first1=Shaikh |title=Pheroza J Godrej: Mumbai’s Gallerist |url=https://openthemagazine.com/art-culture/pheroza-j-godrej-mumbais-gallerist/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=Open The Magazine |date=8 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=D’Souza |first1=Ornella |title=Pheroza Godrej: Mumbai's art queen |url=https://parsikhabar.net/art/pheroza-godrej-mumbais-art-queen/13082/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=Parsi Khabar |date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Italia |first1=Shernaz |title=Threads of Continuity: Exhibitions on Parsi Life and Culture |url=https://thewire.in/culture/threads-of-continuity-three-exhibitions-on-parsi-life-and-culture |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=The Wire |date=12 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pundir |first1=Pallavi |title=Such a Long Journey: Contribution of Zoroastrians and Parsis to world culture |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/such-a-long-journey-contribution-of-zoroastrians-and-parsis-to-world-culture/ |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=31 March 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Surya Praphulla |title=50 years of Pheroza Godrej’s Cymroza is celebrated by all, even other galleries |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/50-years-of-pheroza-godrejs-cymroza-is-celebrated-by-all-even-other-galleries/article36377150.ece |access-date=16 April 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=9 September 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Selected works==
*{{cite book |last1=Godrej |first1=Pheroza |last2=Rohatgi |first2=Pauline |title=Scenic splendours: India through the printed image |date=1989 |publisher=British Library |location=London |isbn=9780712301596 |edition=1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Godrej |first1=Pheroza |title=Under the Indian sun: British landscape artists |date=1995 |publisher=Marg Publ |location=Bombay |isbn=978-8185026299}}
*{{cite book |last1=Rohatagi |first1=Pauline |last2=Godrej |first2=Pheroza |title=India, a Pageant of Prints |date=1989 |publisher=Marg Publications |isbn=978-81-85026-08-4 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Rohatgi |first1=Pauline |last2=Godrej |first2=Pheroza |last3=Mehrotra |first3=Rahul |title=Bombay to Mumbai: Changing Perspectives |date=1997 |publisher=Marg Publications |isbn=978-81-85026-37-4 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Godrej |first1=Pheroza |last2=Mistree |first2=Firoza Punthakey |title=A Zoroastrian Tapestry: Art, Religion & Culture |date=2002 |publisher=Mapin Pub. |isbn=978-1-890206-22-2 |language=en}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Godrej, Pheroza J.}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian historians]]
[[Category:Indian art historians]]
[[Category:Indian curators]]
[[Category:Indian artists]]
[[Category:Indian women historians]]
[[Category:Indian women curators]]
[[Category:Indian women artists]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]

{{India-historian-stub}}

Femina Miss India 2018

2025-03-04T22:06:32Z

Saurabh: redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Femina Miss India]]

List of highest grossing South Indian films

2024-11-01T19:27:41Z

Saurabh: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of highest-grossing South Indian films]]

Nagnajit

2024-09-16T15:06:37Z

Saurabh: added new entry from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
In several ancient Indian texts, '''Nagnajit''' appears as the name of a king or kings who ruled [[Gandhara]] and/or neighbouring areas. Some texts also refer to Nagnajit as an authority on temple architecture or [[Ayurveda|medicine]]. According to one theory, all these references are to a single person; another theory identifies them as distinct persons.

== Literary mentions ==

* ''[[Aitareya Brahmana]]'' describes Nagnajit as a king of Gandhara. He and other kings receive instructions from the sages Parvata and Narada regarding the substitute of Soma. The other kings include Somaka Sahadevya, Sahadeva Sarnjaya, Babhru Daivavrdha, and Bhima Vaidarbha.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=91}}
* ''[[Shatapatha Brahmana]]'' describes Nagnajit as the king of Gandhara, naming Svarjit as his son. The text quotes his opinion regarding to the construction of a sacrificial altar, but rejects it because he belongs to the ruling class, not the priestly class.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|pp=91-92}}
* ''Kumbhakara [[Jataka tales|Jataka]]'', a Buddhist text, describes Naggaji or Naggati (Nagnajit) as the king of Gandhara and Kashmir, with his capital at Takshashila. He embraces Buddhism along with other kings - Dummukha of Uttara-Panchala-rashtra, Nimi of [[Videha]], Karandu of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], and Bhima of [[Vidarbha]].{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=92}}
* ''[[Uttaradhyayana|Uttaradhyayana-sutra]]'', a Jaina text, describes Naggai (Nagnajit) alias Silaraha as the ruler of Pundra-vardhana in Gandhara. The text mentions Dummukha of Uttara-Panchala-rashtra, Nimi of Videha, and Karandu of Kalinga as his contemporaries. It states that Naggai renounced the world and achieved liberation.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=92}}
* ''Uttaradhyayana-tika'', a commentary on ''Uttaradhyayana-sutra'', states that king Silaraha came to be known as Naggai after he married a beautiful damsel living on a mansion on a mountain, and started visiting her every fifth day. The king later built a city and Jaina shrines on the mountain.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=97}}
* ''Avashyaka-churni'', a Jaina text, describes Naggai as the ruler of [[Purushapura|Purusha-pura]] (present-day Peshawar).{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=92}}
* ''[[Mahabharata]]'' describes Nagnajit alias '''Subala''' as an incarnation of the demon Ishupad (or Ishupa), and a disciple of Prahalada. He has a son named [[Shakuni]], and a daughter named [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. [[Karna]] goes to Giri-vraja (located in the north-west), and defeats Nagnajit and others. Krishna defeats the sons of Nagnajit.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=92}} The ''Karna-parvan'' section of the text suggests that ''Nagnajitah'' were a people distinct from the Gandharas.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=97}}
* ''[[Harivamsa|Harivamsha Purana]]'' describes Nagnajit alias Subala as an ally of Jarasandha; Nagnjit is embarrassed when Krishna defeats Jarasandha in a combat. Nagnajit's daughter Satya is one of the seven wives of Krishna.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=92}}
* There are several references to Nagnajit as a scholar on temple architecture, sculpture, and painting:
** ''[[Matsya Purana]]'' describes him as one of the 18 ''padeshakas'' on [[Vastu Shastra]].{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=93}}
** Varahamihira's ''[[Brhat Samhita]]'' mentions Nagnajit's recommendations on temple architecture. [[Utpala (astronomer)|Utpala]]'s commentary on ''Brhat Samhita'' names Nagnajit as the author of ''Prasada-lakshana'' and ''Pratima-lakshana'', and quotes stanzas from his works.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=93}}
** A Sanskrit-language treatise on painting - variously called ''Chitra-lakshana'', ''Nagnajichchitra-lakshanam'', or ''Nagna-vratam'' - survives in its [[Classical Tibetan|Tibetan]] version, although the original text is now [[Lost literary work|lost]]. The text contains three chapters, attributed to Nagnajit, Vishvakarman, and Prahlada. The first chapter - attributed to Nagnajit - contains a legend about the origin of painting.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|pp=93-94}} This legend mentions a king named Nagnajit who defeats naked ''[[preta]]s'' (supernatural beings) during a battle against [[Yama]] to revive the son of a [[Brahmin]], and thus earns the name ''Nagna-jit'' (Sanskrit for "Conqueror of the naked"). He eventually becomes the first man to draw a portrait. Later in the chapter, the title ''Nagnajit'' seems to refer to Vishvakarman.<ref>{{cite book |author=Vincent Lefèvre |title=Portraiture in Early India |year=2011 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004207356 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnsQwG_T86sC }}</ref>
** Utpala cites Nagnajit's ''Chitra-lakshana'' in his commentary on ''Brhat Samhita'', but this text is about weapons, not painting. Historian [[Ajay Mitra Shastri]] considers various possibilities: (1) the Tibetan text contains only a part of a larger treatise attributed to Nagnajit (2) there were multiple texts titled ''Chitra-lakshana'' attributed to Nagnajit (3) the Tibetan text is erroneously attributed to Nagnajit.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|pp=93-94}}

Some texts on [[Ayurveda]] mention Nagnajit as an authority on medicine:{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=96}}

* ''[[Bhela Samhita]]'' describes Nagnajit as a saintly king (''rajarshi'') of Gandhara, who asks Punarvasu about the effects of poison.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=96}}
* Vagbhata's ''Ashtanga-hrdaya'' refers to Nagnajit and other authorities on Ayurveda in connection with the effects of poison.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=96}}
* Indu's commentary on ''[[Ashtāṅgasaṅgraha|Ashtanga-sangraha]]'' calls Nagnajit ''Daruvahin'', and refers to his opinion on the effects of poison.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=96}}
* ''[[Kashyapa Samhita|Kashyapa-samhita]]'' mentions Daruvaha, describing him as a ''rajarshi'', and refers to his opinions on the causes of diseases. Some scholars, such as Hemaraja Sharma, believe that Daruvaha or Daruvahin was another name of Nagnajit, as suggested by Indu.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=96}}
* A commentary on ''Ashtanga-hrdaya'' cites Nagnajit's opinion on food, blood, and flesh.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=96}}
* A manuscript of [[Hemadri]]'s ''Lakshana-prakasha'', dated to 1525 VS, cites Vinagnajit as an authority on Ayurveda; according to Shastri, "Vinagnajit" may be a typo for "Nagnajit".{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=96}}

== Historicity ==

J.C. Ghosh (1939) theorizes that the Nagnajit referred to in various texts was a single person.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=92,95}} According to Ghosh, he was a [[Vedic period]] king who was also an exponent of the [[Gandhara school of art]]. Ghosh identifies Nagnajit's instructors Parvata and Narada as the sages associated with the [[Rigveda]] hymns 8.12 and 8.13.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=94}}

Gustav Roth theorizes that Nagnajit was a king of Gandhara, an authority on ''[[Shilpa Shastras|shilpa shastra]]'' (arts and crafts), and possibly a wrestling champion as suggested by his name (Roth interprets the Sanskrit name ''nagna-jit'' as "an athlete beating a naked opponent").<ref>{{cite book |author=Isabella Nardi |title=The Theory of Citrasūtras in Indian Painting |year=2007 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781134165247 |page=171 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9cl8AgAAQBAJ |doi=10.4324/9780203970102 }}</ref>

[[Ajay Mitra Shastri]] (1991) disputes Ghosh's theory on various grounds. For example, different texts name different sons and teachers of Nagnajit.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=92}} Also, Varahamihira's ''Brhat Samhita'' does not describe him as a king, and suggests that Nagnajit was associated with the Dravida (South Indian) school of sculpture, not Gandhara school of art.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=95}}

According to Shastri, there were at least three distinct kings named Nagnajit (who ruled in Gandhara and/or neighbouring areas), plus a scholar with the same name:{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=93,95}}

* Nagnajit of Gandhara, a contemporary of Bhima of Vidarbha. He is referred to in the ''Aitareya Brahmana'', ''Kumbhakara Jataka'', and ''Uttaradhyayana-sutra''. Shastri places this king in 7th century BCE or earlier, since two of these texts describe him as a contemporary of Nimi, who according to the ''Nimi Jataka'' was the penultimate king of Videha.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=93}} The Buddhist and Jain texts present Nagnajit as a believer in their respective faiths, and the Brahmanical text ''Shatapatha Brahmana'' rejects his opinion. According to historian Shastri, this suggests that Nagnajit did not favour certain Brahmanical practices.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=92}}
* Nagnajit of ''Mahabharata''.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=93}}
* Nagnajit of Purusha-pura, mentioned in the ''Avashyaka-churni''.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=93}}
* Nagnajit, the scholar who wrote on temple architecture, sculpture, and painting.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=93}} He lived sometime before the 6th century CE (as Varahamihira refers to him), and likely wrote a treatise on Dravidian sculpture.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=95}}

According to Shastri, the Ayurveda scholar named Nagnajit may be identified with one of the three kings of Gandhara.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=96}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=A.M. Shastri |author-link=Ajay Mitra Shastri |title=Varāhamihira and His Times |year=1991 |publisher=Kusumanjali |oclc=28644897 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mf0MAQAAMAAJ }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Kings of Gandhara]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian monarchs]]

Hindmotor railway station

2024-02-04T10:12:34Z

Saurabh: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Hindmotor flag railway station]]

Dattpur

2024-01-14T09:02:14Z

Saurabh:

{{Short description|Abandoned village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dattpur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kotla block Dattpur.png
| map_caption = Map showing Dattpur in Kotla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.29463|N|78.37982|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.574
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 0
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Dattpur''' ({{IAST|Dattpur}}) is an abandoned village in [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 0. Its land is still used by humans, mostly for farming.

== Demographics ==
The [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] recorded Dattpur with a population of 0,<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|95}} as did the [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]]<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|184-5}} and the [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]].<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]], however, recorded Dattpur as inhabited: it was listed as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 36 people (22 male and 14 female), in 3 households and 1 physical house (19 residents were part of institutional or houseless households).<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census 1951: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (8 - Agra District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28686/download/31868/40107_1951_DCH.pdf |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>{{rp|194}}

== Land use ==
According to the 2011 census, Dattpur has a total area of 57.4 [[hectare]]s, of which 32.5 were currently farmland, 21.4 were [[fallow]] lands, and 3.4 were under non-agricultural use. There were no orchards, pastures, or forests on village lands.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|95, 101}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]
[[Category:Former villages]]

Krishna Babu (1999 film)

2023-09-23T01:54:48Z

Saurabh: reworked layout for clarity and cleaned formatting for consistency

#REDIRECT [[Krishna Babu]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from unnecessary disambiguation}}
}}

Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Angul

2023-03-02T19:35:26Z

Saurabh: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]]

{{R from school}}