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Happy Happy Ga

2026-05-07T20:34:13Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Adding A Pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Happy Happy Ga
| image = Happy Happy Ga.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional poster
| native_name = 
| director = Priya Sharan
| writer = Priya Sharan
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Durga Prasad Vadlamudi
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{Ubl |[[Anil Ravipudi]]}}
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Varun Sandesh]]
*[[Vega Tamotia|Vega]]
*[[Saranya Mohan]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Venky A. Darshan
| editing =
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| studio = Oceian Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|10|20}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Happy Happy Ga''''' ({{Translation|Happy, happily}}) is a 2010 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Priya Sharan and starring [[Varun Sandesh]], [[Vega Tamotia|Vega]] and [[Saranya Mohan]]. The film was released to negative reviews and marked Sandesh's third consecutive failure after ''[[Kurradu]]'' (2009) and ''[[Maro Charitra (2010 film)|Maro Charitra]]'' (2010). It also marked Saranya Mohan's last Telugu film till date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/The-boy-next-door/article15411770.ece|title=The boy next door|work=[[The Hindu]]|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhury|url-access=subscription|access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Varun Sandesh]] as Santhosh
*[[Saranya Mohan]] as Priya
*[[Vega Tamotia|Vega]] as Pooja D'Souza
*[[P. Ravishankar]] as Suri
*[[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] as Malli
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Varun Jet Li
*[[M. S. Narayana]] as Pooja's uncle
*[[Rajitha]] as Diana
*[[Telangana Shakuntala]] as Inspector Sumathi
*[[Shankar Melkote]] as Doctor
}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]] with lyrics by [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]. The song "Guzarish" from ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'' (2008) is parodied by Ali.
*"Aagaleka" - Roja
*"Gundello" - [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
*"Madhuranubhavama" - [[Hemachandra (singer)|Hemachandra]]
*"Navvalante" - [[Haricharan]], [[Rita Thyagarajan|Rita]]
*"Putukku Jara Jar" - Hemachandra, Deepthi Chary
*"Yeduraiyeh" - [[Rahul Nambiar]]

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "All in all, ''Happy Happy ga'' has a slightly different ending. Other than that, it is a usual love story".<ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/aug/20/south-telugu-review-happy-happy-ga.htm|title=Happy Happy ga runs out of steam|first=Radhika|last=Rajamani|website=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=15 March 2024|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126171005/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/aug/20/south-telugu-review-happy-happy-ga.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[IBN Live]]'' wrote that "Although the ending of the movie is a bit different, Priya Sharan’s Happy Happy Ga is yet another addition to the long list of love stories that are churned out day in and day out in Tollywood".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/telugu-review-happy-happy-ga-347516.html|title=Nothing really special about 'Happy Happy Ga'|work=[[IBN Live]]|first=Raghu|last=Chaitanya|access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|2398173}}

[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Agra]]
[[Category:2010 Telugu-language films]]

INS Khanjar

2026-05-05T17:35:07Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{Short description|Khukri-class corvette in service with the Indian Navy}}
{{For|Iranian naval vessel of the same name|IRIS Khanjar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}{{italic title|string=Khanjar}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Khanjar (P47) at sea.jpg
| image_caption = Khanjar (P47) at sea.
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = India
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = INS ''Khanjar''
| namesake = "[[Khanjar|Dagger]]"
| ordered =
| builder = [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]]
| laid_down = 15 November 1985
| launched = 16 August 1988
| acquired =
| commissioned = 22 October 1991
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| identification = [[Pennant number]]: P47
| honours =
| fate =
| status = Active
| notes =
| badge = [[File:Crest of INS Khanjar (P47).jpg|120px]]
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = {{sclass|Khukri|corvette}}
| displacement = 1350 tons (full load)
| length = 91.1 metres
| beam = 10.5 metres
| draught = 4.5 metres
| draft =
| propulsion = *2 diesel engines with 14,400hp
*2 shafts
| speed = {{convert|25|kn|km/h|-1}}
| range = {{convert|4,000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|16|kn|km/h|-1}}
| complement = 79 (incl. 10 officers)
| sensors = *MR 352 Pozitiv-E radar
*Garpun-Bal radar
*Bharat 1245 navigation radar
| EW =
| armament = *4 × P-20M (SS-N-2D) [[Anti-ship missile|AShMs]]
*2 × [[Strela 2|Strela-2M]] (SA-N-5) [[Surface-to-Air Missile|SAM]]
*1 × [[AK–176]] 76mm gun
*2 × 30mm [[AK-630]] guns
| armour =
| armor =
| aircraft = 1 helicopter ([[HAL Chetak]])
| aircraft_facilities =
| notes =
}}
}}

'''INS ''Khanjar''''' is a {{sclass|Khukri|corvette}}, currently in service with the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1121121/jsp/odisha/story_16218240.jsp#.UzByrtL7C8A|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324202218/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1121121/jsp/odisha/story_16218240.jsp#.UzByrtL7C8A|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 March 2014|title=Naval ships on display|date=21 Nov 2012|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]}}</ref>

==History==
On 30 November 2002 on the high seas off the coast of Vizhinjam, a mock attack drill was being staged, with the ''Khanjar'' targeting [[INS Jamuna|INS ''Jamuna'']], a hydrographic survey vessel carrying media persons and VIPs, including Air Vice Marshal R. D. Limaye of the [[Southern Air Command (India)|Southern Air Command]]. This was part of the Navy Week celebrations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/01/stories/2002120106720300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203055158/http://hindu.com/2002/12/01/stories/2002120106720300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2012|title=INS Khanjar bares its teeth|date=1 Dec 2002|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

''Khanjar'' along with {{INS|Kora}} was on a visit to [[Port of Kolkata|Kolkata]] between 28 and 30 November 2025 as part of that year's [[Navy Day (India)|Navy Week]] celebrations. The ships were open to public visitors.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Warships for public viewing|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/warships-for-public-viewing/articleshow/125623022.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-29|issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Frontline guided missile corvettes make port call in Kolkata to mark Navy Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2025/11/28/ces16-def-warships-visit.html|website=The Week|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en}}</ref> She also participated at the [[International Fleet Review 2026]] held at [[Visakhapatnam|Visakapatanam]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=IFR & MILAN 2026 |url=https://www.ifrmilan26.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219124733/https://www.ifrmilan26.com/ |archive-date=2026-02-19 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=IFR & MILAN 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Corvettes of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khanjar (P47)}}
[[Category:Khukri-class corvettes]]
[[Category:Corvettes of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:1988 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kolkata]]

{{India-mil-stub}}

Mangalya Balam

2026-05-02T22:16:48Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: info

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mangalya Balam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster in Telugu
| director = [[Adurthi Subba Rao]]
| screenplay = Adurthi Subba Rao [[D. Madhusudhana Rao]] [[Acharya Aatreya]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| based_on = {{based on|''Agni Pariksha''|[[Ashapurna Devi]]}}
| producer = D. Madhusudhana Rao
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]
| cinematography = P. S. Selvaraj
| editing = A. Sanjeevi
| music = [[Master Venu]]
| studio = [[Annapurna Pictures]]
| distributor = Navayuga Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1959|1|7}}
| runtime = 177 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil Telugu
}}

'''''Mangalya Balam''''' ({{translation|The Power of the Wedding Chain}}) is a 1959 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]], produced by [[D. Madhusudhana Rao]] under [[Annapurna Pictures]] banner and directed by [[Adurthi Subba Rao]]. It stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] and [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], with music composed by [[Master Venu]]. The film is a remake of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''[[Agni Pariksha (1954 film)|Agni Pariksha]]'', which was based on [[Ashapurna Devi]]'s novel of the same name. It was simultaneously made by the same banner and director in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as '''''Manjal Mahimai''''' ({{translation|The Power of Turmeric}}).

==Plot==
Zamindar Papa Rao resides with his shrew wife Kantamma, that ill-treats her mother-in-law Parvatamma, and they have two children, Suryam and Saroja. In their village, Papa Rao's sibling, Seeta, lives with her peasant husband, Rangaiah, and the couple has a son, Chandra Shekar. A rift erupts between the families due to Seeta's nuptial unwillingness to her brother. Once Parvatamma packs up with Seeta, conscious of her terminal illness, with Suryam and Saroja. Whereat, Seeta aspires to reunite their families with Chandram and Saroja's wedlock and pleads with her mother. So, Parvatamma calls Papa Rao before he lands, and Seeta's condition worsens. Hence, Parvatamma accomplishes the eve by espousing the infants. Being aware of it, furious Papa Rao quits with Suryam and Saroja when grief-stricken Seeta dies. Upon transpiring about it, an infuriated Kantamma annuls via the court, depriving the wedding chain ''Mangalsutram'' of Saroja, which Suryam preserves. Years roll by, and Chandram civilizes and backs up. Then, Parvatamma divulges the past and requests him to retrieve his wife. Thus, Chandram acquaints Saroja unbeknownst with the aid of his bestie, Kailasam, and they fall in love. Parallelly, Kailasam secures Saroja's mate Meenakshi while she attempts suicide for forced marriage when Saroja shelters her, and he falls in love with her. Following this, Suryam unveils Saroja's splice by handing over the wedding chain. Now, Saroja is in a dichotomy but complies with the wedlock and keeps Chandram distant. Meanwhile, Parvatamma's health declines, so Suryam brings her home. Besides, Chandram seeks to meet Saroja, and Papa Rao necks him out, knowing his identity. Saroja enlightens the fact by Parvatamma and rejoins the pair. Here, stubborn Papa Rao forcibly fixes Saroja's alliance with Kailasam, which Parvatamma opposes and quits. So, Chandram enacts a play and flees with Saroja. Papa Rao chases and, in enrage, shoots them when Parvatamma is wounded. Spotting it, Papa Rao admitted guilt and reformed Kantamma. Finally, the movie ends happily with the family's reunion.
[[File: Manjal Mahimai.jpg|thumb|Poster of Tamil version]]

==Cast==
*[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Saroja
*[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Chandrasekhar
*[[Rajasulochana]] as Meena
*[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] / [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Kailasam
*[[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]] as Kanthamma
*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Papa Rao
*[[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]] as Parvatamma
*[[G. Varalakshmi]] as Seeta
*[[Ramana Reddy]] as Achary
*[[J. V. Ramana Murthi|Ramana Murthy]] / [[K. Balaji]] as Dr. Suryam
*A. V. Subba Rao as Rangaiah
*Dr. Sivaramakrishnaiah
*[[Vangara Venkata Subbaiah]]
*[[Sukumari]] as Street Dancer.

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Master Venu]]. He borrowed only one tune from the Bengali film's composer [[Anupam Ghatak]], for the song "Penu Cheekataye Lokam" from its original version "Ke Tumi Amare Dako".<ref name = "hindu"/>

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Telugu Track List
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 30:26
| title1 = Chekkili Meeda
| extra1 = [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[Jikki]]
| length1 = 02:58
| lyrics1 = Kosaraju
| title2 = Tirupati Venkateswara
| extra2 = [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
| length2 = 03:55
| lyrics2 = Kosaraju
| title3 = My Dear Meena
| extra3 = [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[Jikki]]
| length3 = 03:16
| lyrics3 = Kosaraju
| title4 = Aakaasa Veedhilo
| extra4 = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length4 = 03:51
| lyrics4 = Sri Sri
| title5 = Vaadina Poole
| extra5 = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length5 = 03:32
| lyrics5 = Sri Sri
| title6 = Avunantaaraa
| extra6 = [[P. Leela]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length6 = 04:43
| lyrics6 = Sri Sri
| title7 = Haayiga Alumagalai
| extra7 = [[P. Susheela]] & Udutha Sarojini
| length7 = 03:32
| lyrics7 = Sri Sri
| title8 = Theliyani Aanandham
| extra8 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length8 = 03:25
| lyrics8 = Sri Sri
| title9 = Penucheekataye Lokam
| extra9 = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length9 = 03:14
| lyrics9 = Sri Sri
}}
;Tamil Track List<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=180 |language=Tamil}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Anbinaal Ondrai Neengal" || P. Suseela, Udutha Sarojini & group || rowspan=7|[[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]]|| 02:48
|-
| "Iduvenna Aanandamo" || P. Susheela || 03:24
|-
| "Thiruppadhi Vengkadesane" || K. Jamuna Rani || 03:58
|-
| "Kodai Maraindhaal Inbam Varum" || Ghantasala, P. Suseela || 03:17
|-
| "Undenbeeraa Ille Poi Enbeera || P. Leela, P. Susheela ||
|-
| "Aagaaya Veedhiyil Azhagaana Vennilaa" || Ghantasala, P. Suseela || 04:46
|-
| "Maaraadha Sogam Thaano" || Ghantasala, P. Suseela || 03:21
|-
| "My Dear Meena Un Idea Enna" || rowspan=2|S. C. Krishnan, Jikki || rowspan=2|[[A. Maruthakasi]]|| 03:17
|-
| "Aanadhu Aachu Ponadhu Pochu" || 03:08
|}

==Production==
Bhavanarayana, producer of ''Meghasandesham'' suggested to Dukkipati Madhusudhana Rao to watch the Bengali film ''[[Agni Pariksha (1954 film)|Agni Pariksha]]'' (1954). Madhusudhana bought the remake rights after being impressed with the film and approached Atreya to write the screenplay and dialogues for the film. One of the major changes the maker brought in was while in the original version the girl's father dies of shock, in ''Mangalya Balam'', his character was retained till the last frame. ''Mangalya Balam'' was said to be the first Telugu film to shoot in Ooty and it was also Savitri's first visit to the hill town. The Tamil version ''Manjal Mahimai'' was simultaneously made retaining all the leading actors and technicians with two changes to the cast – [[K. A. Thangavelu]] and [[K. Balaji]] replacing Relangi and Ramanamurthy respectively.<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|last=Narasimham|first=M. L.|date=8 October 2015|title=Mangalyabalam (1959)|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/mangalyabalam/article7734651.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705210541/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/mangalyabalam/article7734651.ece|archive-date=5 July 2020|access-date=8 September 2020|website=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=}}</ref>

==Release==
''Mangalya Balam'' was released on 7 January 1959 and for the first time in the history of Telugu cinema, the hundred days function was held in an open arena, the Municipal High School grounds, Vijayawada with thousands of cine-fans participating and presided over by the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Kasu Brahmananda Reddy. ''Manjal Mahimai'' was released on 14 January 1959 and ran for a hundred days.<ref name = "hindu"/>

==Awards==
'''[[National Film Awards]]'''
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]] – 1959<ref name="6thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx|title=6th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|access-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020054317/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=20 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Telugu}}

[[Category:1959 Indian films]]
[[Category:1959 multilingual films]]
[[Category:1959 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1959 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films based on Bengali novels]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Ashapurna Devi]]
[[Category:Films directed by Adurthi Subba Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by Master Venu]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1959 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

H. S. Venkateshamurthy

2026-05-01T04:28:32Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Adding Details...

{{Short description|Indian poet and playwright (1944–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{infobox person
| name = H. S. Venkatesha Murthy
| image = H S Venkatesha Murthy.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| birth_date = {{birth date|1944|6|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = Hodigere, [[Chitradurga district|Chitradurga]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British Raj|India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2025|05|30|1944|06|23|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Karnataka Sahitya Academy Award]] (1993)
* [[Rajyotsava Award]] (2003)
* [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] (1991)
}}
| occupation = Poet, playwright
| notable_works =
| alma_mater = Central College, Bangalore
| spouse =
}}

'''Hodigere Shanbhog Venkateshamurthy''' (23 June 1944 – 30 May 2025), often referred to by his initials, '''HSV''', was an Indian poet, playwright, critic and literary scholar who wrote in [[Kannada]]. He also wrote lyrics for Kannada films, occasionally serving as screenwriter and writing dialogues.

Murthy was born to Nagarathnamma and Narayana Bhatta in the remote village of Hodigere in the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Mysore]], then as part of [[Chitradurga district]] (in present-day [[Davanagere district]]). After attending school in his native village, he studied in [[Holalkere]] followed by collegiate training at [[Chitradurga]]. He completed his master's degree in Kannada at Central College [[Bangalore]].<ref name=lit>{{cite news|title=H.S.Venkatesha Murthy|newspaper=Bangalore Literature Festival (BLF) |url=http://www.bangaloreliteraturefestival.org/authors-2013/hs-venkatesh-murthy.html|publisher=Bangalore Literature Festival website|access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref> He worked as lecturer and professor for more than three decades at [[St. Joseph's College of Commerce|St. Joseph's College of Commerce, Bangalore]], and remained in Bangalore after retirement. He received his Doctorate of Literature for his research on ''Kannadadalli Kathana Kavanagalu''.<ref name=lit/>

==Literary career==
Murthy was a pre-''navya'' writer<ref name=deepa>{{cite news|last=Ganesh|first=Deepa|title=The morning song of birds and newspaper...|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/18/stories/2003081801810300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031024094821/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/18/stories/2003081801810300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2003|access-date=22 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 August 2003}}</ref> and [[Bhavageete]] poet. As of 2020, he published more than 100 books in Kannada. His play ''Hoovi'' was recognized by the ICSE educational board in India as a textbook for students of class nine and ten.

==Death==
Venkateshamurthy died at a private [[hospital]] in [[Kengeri]], [[Bengaluru]], on 30 May 2025, at the age of 80.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಸಾಹಿತಿ ಎಚ್.ಎಸ್. ವೆಂಕಟೇಶಮೂರ್ತಿ ಇನ್ನಿಲ್ಲ |url=https://www.prajavani.net/news/karnataka-news/hs-venkateshmurthy-kannada-poet-author-passes-away-at-80-3315258 |website=Prajavani |language=kn |date=30 May 2025 |access-date=30 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು: ಕನ್ನಡ ಹಿರಿಯ ಸಾಹಿತಿ ಎಚ್.ಎಸ್. ವೆಂಕಟೇಶಮೂರ್ತಿ ನಿಧನ |url=https://kannadanews.today/bangalore-news/renowned-kannada-writer-hs-venkateshamurthy-passes-away/ |website=Kannada News Today |language=kn |date=30 May 2025 |access-date=30 May 2025}}</ref>

== Contributions to film ==
* ''[[Balondu Bhavageethe]]'': "Kamana Billina Mele" (song)
* ''[[Chinnari Mutha|Chinnari Mutta]]'': Story, dialogue and all songs
* ''[[Kotreshi Kanasu]]'': All songs
* ''[[America America (1997 film)|America America]]'': "Banalli odo megha " (song)
* ''[[Kraurya]]'': Dialogue
* ''[[Mythri (2015 film)|Mythri]]'': Song
* ''[[Kirik Party]]'': "Thoogu Manchadalli Koothu" (song)
* ''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side B]]'': "Irabeku Iruvanthe Toredu Saavira Chinte" (song)

== Contributions to television ==
* ''[[Mukta (TV series)|Mukta]]'': Title song
* ''[[Maha Parva]]'': Title
* ''[[Magalu Janaki]]'': Title song

==Awards==
* Bala Puraskar Award from Central Sahitya Academy, India (2013)<ref name="lit" /><ref name="bal2013">{{citation | url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/pdf/Bal%20Sahitya%20Puraskar_E1.pdf | title = Press Release: Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2013 | date = 23 August 2013 | publisher = Sahitya Akademi}}</ref>
* V.M. Inamdar Memorial Award for his book ''Kumaravyasa Kathanthara''<ref name="inamdar">{{cite news|title=Venkatesh Murthy chosen for Inamdar award|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/venkatesh-murthy-chosen-for-inamdar-award/article5692062.ece|access-date=22 February 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 February 2014}}</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada]] at the [[66th Filmfare Awards South]] for his work on ''Hasiru Ribbon''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-38163.html|title=Winners of the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019|website=[[Filmfare]]|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name| 10021012}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkateshamurthy, H. S.}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Kannada poets]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:People from Shimoga district]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2003]]

Vasantrao Mahajan

2026-04-28T05:19:50Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Stub...

{{Short description|Indian farmer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vasantrao Mahajan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{Birth based on age as of date|73|2004|6|29}}
| birth_place = [[Chinawal]], India
| occupation =Farmer
| known for = Contribution to Banana cultivation
| years_active =
}}

'''Vasantrao Laxman Mahajan''' (born c. 1942) is a farmer from [[Chinawal]] village of [[Maharashtra]] state of India. He is known for his contribution to revolutionise [[banana production|banana crop production]] in the [[Jalgaon district]], which has highest productivity of banana in the world.

==Personal life==
Vasantrao Mahajan was born into Chinawal village of Maharashtra state of India 1942.<ref name="Study" >{{cite web |title= Study trip to Jalgaon |url= http://www.keralaagriculture.gov.in/htmle/pdf/studytrip.pdf |work= [[Government of Kerala]] |date= 12 July 2004 |accessdate= 9 September 2014 |archive-date= 6 March 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090306161438/http://www.keralaagriculture.gov.in/htmle/pdf/studytrip.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> He has degree of [[Master of Science|M.Sc]] in Agriculture. He owns 10 acre land in Chinawal village.
He has three sons- Virendra Mahajan, Ajay Mahajan, Yogesh Mahajan. He lives at his hometown Chinawal with his family.<ref name="line" >{{cite web |title=Plough-back time |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/ploughback-time/article1115023.ece |work=[[Business Line]] |date=29 February 2008 |accessdate= 9 September 2014}}</ref> His son Yogesh is also a farmer who has received 'Nalla Vazhai' award from National Research Centre for Banana.<ref>{{cite web |title= Jalgaon News - OCTOBER 2007 News|url=http://www.ejalgaon.com/today/jalgaon%202007%20news/october%202007%20news.htm |work=eJalgaon.com |date=18 October 2007 |accessdate= 9 September 2014}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Banana farm Chinawal.jpg|thumb|right|banana farm in Chinawal village]]
After receiving post-graduation degree, instead of going for employment, Mahajan chose to do farming in his Chinawal village. Banana cultivation in Jalgaon district started around 1925. Initially traditional farming methods like flood irrigation, sucker planting etc. were being used to grow banana crops. Water level in wells had dropped from 25 feet to 250 feet which had created scarcity of water for farming.

Mahajan successfully used modern methods of agriculture in his farms to conserve water and increase production of banana. Mahajan uses [[Grand Nain]] and shrimanti varieties of banana to grow in his farm. After his successful experimentation, he arranged thousands of farmer meetings all over Jalgaon district to spread awareness about high-tech methods of banana cultivation. He advocated [[Agronomy|agronomic practices]] like [[soil test]]ing, planting [[Plant tissue culture|tissue culture plants]], [[drip irrigation]] to conserve water, [[fertigation]] which resulted in control of weeds, lower labour cost and increase in per plant yield of banana bunch from 15 kg to nearly 30 kg.

In June 2004, a team of agriculture officers from [[Kerala]] visited Chinawal during their study tour of Jalgaon district and met Mahajan. In their report to [[Government of Kerala]], the team has described Mahajan's contribution to banana cultivation as "quite amazing".

==Honours==
In 2003, [[Government of Maharashtra]] honoured Mahajan with Jijamata Krishi Bhushan award. He has held positions of Honorary Secretary of Banana Growers Association of India and Director of Agricultural produce marketing committee, [[Raver, Maharashtra|Raver]].<ref name="Study" /><ref>{{cite web |title= Jalgaon news today: eJalgaon.com|url=http://www.ejalgaon.com/today/jalgaon%202004%20news/february%202004%20news.html |work=eJalgaon.com |date=24 February 2004 |accessdate= 9 September 2014}}</ref> In 2000, he received 'Banana Life-Time Achievement Award' from [[Jain Irrigation Systems]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Banana Life-Time Achievement Award|url=http://bkjfoundation.org/Banana%20Life-Time%20Achievement%20Award.htm |work=bkjfoundation.org |year=2000 |accessdate= 9 September 2014}}</ref> In 2004, he became Management Council Member of National Banana Research Centre, [[Tiruchirappalli]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Jalgaon News - October 2004|url=http://www.ejalgaon.com/today/jalgaon%202004%20news/october%202004%20news.htm |work=eJalgaon.com |date=24 October 2004 |accessdate=9 September 2014}}</ref> In 2006, he was selected as member of Extended Education Council Committee in [[Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth|Mahatma Phule Agriculture University]], [[Rahuri]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Jalgaon News - January 2006 News|url=http://www.ejalgaon.com/today/jalgaon%202006%20news/january%202006%20news.html |work=eJalgaon.com |date= January 2006 |accessdate= 9 September 2014}}</ref> In 2011, he was elected as Chairman of Krishi Utpann Baajaar Samiti (Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee), Raver.<ref>{{cite web |title= रावेर बाजार समिती सभाततीपदी वसंतराव महाजन |url=http://www.agrowon.com/Agrowon/20110409/5240226272725588744.htm |work=agrowon.com |date=9 April 2011 |accessdate=9 September 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahajan, Vasantrao}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian farmers]]
[[Category:Banana production]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Tamil loanwords in Ancient Greek

2026-04-28T05:18:18Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Stub

{{Short description|None}}
[[Tamil language|Tamil]] loanwords entered the [[Greek language]] through the interactions of [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[South India]]n merchants during different periods in history. Most words had to do with items of trade that were unique to South India. There is a general consensus about Tamil loanwords in Ancient Greek, while a few of the words have competing etymologies.

==Early contacts==
[[File:Silk route copy.jpg|thumb|right|[[Silk Road]] and [[Spice trade]], ancient trade routes that linked India with the [[Old World]]; carried goods and ideas between the ancient civilisations of the Old World and India. The land routes are red, and the water routes are blue.]] The mainstream view is that beginnings of trade between the [[Mediterranean]] and [[South India]] can be traced back to 500 BCE when the word ''zingíberis (ζιγγίβερις)'' derived from [[Proto-South Dravidian]] ''cinki-ver (சிங்கிவேர்)'' for [[Ginger]] first appeared in [[Greek language|Greek]] and thus [[South India]] may have been involved in trade with the Mediterranean centuries earlier.<ref name=Southworth>Southworth, F.''Linguistic Archaeology of South Asia'', p. 251</ref><ref name=kamil>{{cite web | last1 = Zvelebil | first1 = Kamil |title = Dravidian languages| url =http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/sars238/shortencybrit.html | access-date = 5 January 2021}}</ref> But there is evidence that trade between the Indian region and the Mediterranean may have been well established by 1500 BCE.<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Curry | first1 = Andrew |title = Philistines had a taste for far-flung foods, fossilized tooth plaque reveals| website = [[National Geographic Society]] | url = https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/12/philistines-taste-far-flung-foods-dental-plaque/#close | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201221205649/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/12/philistines-taste-far-flung-foods-dental-plaque/#close | url-status = dead | archive-date = December 21, 2020 | access-date = 28 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Wu | first1 = Catherine |title = Painted Bronze Age Monkeys Hint at the Interconnectedness of the Ancient World| url = https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/painted-bronze-age-monkeys-hint-interconnectedness-ancient-world-180973789/ | access-date = 5 January 2021}}</ref> Greek lexicon contains both [[Wanderwort|cultural words]] that are common to many languages in the general area and [[loanwords]] from various other languages.

Greek and Tamil relationship is on firmer ground during the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] and later Roman period from 305 BCE to 476 CE when Greek speaking merchants along with others extensively traded with Indians in general and Tamils in particular.<ref name=T1800/><ref name=Gregory5> James, Gregory, ''Tamil lexicography'', p.5 </ref> A [[Pandyan]] king, based out of ancient [[Tamilaham]] sent embassies twice to Rome, wanting to become the Roman Emperors friend and ally.<Ref name=T1800/> One of these reached [[Augustus]] when he was at [[Terracina]] in the eighteenth year after the death of [[Julius Caesar]] in 26 BCE and another six years afterwards in 20 BCE.<Ref name=T1800/> Greeks were employed as [[mercenaries]] by many Tamil kings.<ref name=Gregory5/> There were also Greek settlements along the coasts of western and eastern [[Tamilaham]].<ref name=Gregory5/> The Greek–South Indian relationships were impactful enough that a Greek play [[Charition mime]] was written with a [[Dravidian language]] presumed to be a coastal dialect of either [[Kannada]] or [[Tulu language|Tulu]], speaker included in the play dated to 2nd century CE.<ref name=Gregory/><ref> Price, Edward, ''A history of Kannada literature'', p.12</ref>

==Date of borrowings==
It is difficult to exactly date the borrowing of Tamil words into Ancient Greek. A few words such as ''taôs'' for peacock, ''agálokhon'' for Eaglewood and ''óruza'' for rice have similar words in Biblical Hebrew and other [[West Asian]] languages.<ref name=Rabin436/><ref name=Balashon/><ref name=Iyengar/> Some of the [[Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew]], which are common with Ancient Greek are found at its earliest stage around 1000 BCE to 500 BCE.<ref name=Rabin438> Rabin, C. ''Proceedings of the Second International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies'', p. 438</ref> [[Franklin Southworth]] dates the borrowing of the word ''zingíberis (ζιγγίβερις)'' derived from Proto-South Dravidian ''cinki-ver'' (சிங்கிவேர்) to 500 BCE, where as [[Kamil Zvelebil]] derives it from [[Old Tamil]] form ''Inchi-Ver'' (இஞ்சிவேர்).<ref name=Southworth/><ref name=kamil/> But a word for cinnamon used by [[Ctesias]] in his ''[[Indica (Ctesias)|Indica]]'', namely ''karpion'' borrowed from a Tamil word for Cinnamon can be safely dated to 400 BCE.<ref name=Rawlinson/> [[Chaim Rabin]] dates the Greek word for rice, ''óruza/όρυζα'' borrowed via [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] words for rice, ultimately derived from Tamil to 400 BCE.<ref name=Rabin436/>
<gallery>
File:Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg| Map of ancient oceanic trade, and ports of [[Tamilakam]] per [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]
File:South India in Sangam Period Tamilakam.jpg|Tamiḻakam during [[Cankam literature|Cankam]] Period
</gallery>

==Known loan words==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|+ Known loan words in [[Ancient Greek]]
|-
!Greek word||Meaning in Greek||Source language ||Tamil word||Meaning in Tamil
|-
|''agálokhon/ἀγάλοχον''||[[Agarwood]]||Tamil||''akil/அகில்''||eagle wood<ref name=Gregory/><ref name=Iyengar>Iyengar, Srinivasa, ''History of the Tamils: From the Earliest Times to 600 A.D'', p.130 </ref>
|-
|''karpion/Καρπιον''||[[cinnamon ]]||Tamil||''kaṟuvā/கறுவா''||cinnamon<Ref name=T1800/><ref name=Rawlinson> Rawlinson, H G. ''Intercourse between India and the western world from the earliest times to the fall of Rome'', p.30</ref><ref name=Caldwell> Caldwell, Robert. ''A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian, Or South-Indian Family of Languages'', p.105</Ref><ref name=Clothey/><ref name=Gregory/>
|-
|''óruza/όρυζα''||[[rice]]||Tamil via [[Old South Arabian|South Arabian]]{{refn|group=nb|According to [[Chaim Rabin]] Greek ''óruza'', Hebrew ''wאורז'' are derived from South Arabian ''areez'' that was ultimately derived from Tamil ''arici/அரிசி'' for rice.<ref name=Rabin436> Rabin, C. ''Proceedings of the Second International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies'', p. 436</ref>}}||''arici/அரிசி''||rice<ref name=T1800/><ref name=kamil/><ref name=Gregory/><ref> Shulman, David, ''Tamil: A biography'', p.21</ref><ref> Quattrocchi, U. ''CRC World dictionary of plant names'', p.1908</ref>
|-
|''péperi/πιπέρι''||[[Black pepper|pepper]]||Tamil or [[Middle Indo-Aryan]]||''tippili/திப்பிலி''||pepper<ref name=Gregory/><ref>Chandra, Moti. ''Trade And Trade Routes In Ancient India'', p.46</ref>
|-
|''taôs/ταώς''{{refn|group=nb|According to [[Ernest Klein]] Greek ''taôs'', Aramaic ''טוסא'', Arabic ''لطاووس'', also Hebrew ''תכי'' probably comes ultimately from Tamil ''tōkai/தோகை'' for peacock.<ref name=Balashon>{{cite web | last1 = Curvin | first1 = David |title = Balashon: Hebrew Language Detective| url = http://www.balashon.com/2007/03/tisa.html?m=1|access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref>}}||[[peacock]]||Tamil||''tōkai/தோகை''||feather<ref name=Cambridge> Allan, J. A.''The Cambridge Shorter History of India'', p. 180</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Etymology | first1 = Online |title = Peacock |url = https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=peacock&ref=searchbar_searchhint | access-date = 25 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''tadi/ταδι''||[[Palm toddy|toddy]]||Tamil or Dravidian (Kannada or Telugu) via Sanskrit||''taṭi/தடி''||toddy<ref name=Clothey>Clothey, Fred. ''Ritualizing on the Boundaries: Continuity and Innovation in the Tamil Diaspora'', p.2 </ref><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Etymology | first1 = Online |title = Toddy |url = https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=toddy&ref=searchbar_searchhint | access-date = 25 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''zingíberis/ζιγγίβερις''||[[ginger]]||Proto South Dravidian or Old Tamil{{refn|group=nb|According to [[Franklin Southworth]] and [[Bhadriraju Krishnamurti]] Greek ''zingíberis'' is derived from a [[Proto-South Dravidian language|Proto South Dravidian]] form and re-constructed word ''cinki-ver'' where as [[Kamil Zvelebil]] derives it from Old Tamil ''inchi-ver/இஞ்சிவேர்''.<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Bhadriraju | first1 = Krishnamurti |title = The History Of The Dravidian Languages| url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dravidian-languages#ref279618|access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref>}}||''cinki-ver or inchi-ver /சிங்கிவேர் or இஞ்சிவேர் '' ||ginger<ref name=Southworth/><ref name=T1800>Kanakasabhai, V. ''The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago'', p. 31</ref><ref name=kamil/><ref name=Gregory> James, Gregory, ''Tamil lexicography'', p.6 </ref><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Etymology | first1 = Online |title = Ginger |url = https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=ginger | access-date = 25 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''κόττος/kóttos''||[[chicken]]||Tamil or Telugu{{refn|group=nb|According to [[Colin Masica]] Greek ''κόττος/kóttos'' probably comes from a Dravidian term for Chicken and suggests either Tamil ''kōḻi/கோழி'' or Telugu ''Kōḍi/కోడి'' for chicken.}}||''kōḻi/கோழி'' or ''Kōḍi/కోడి''||chicken<ref> Masica, Colin. ''Aryan and Non-Aryan in India'', p.125</ref>
|-
|''κάδος/káddos''||[[Bucket|pail]], [[bucket]], [[jar]], small [[Bowl (vessel)|vessel]]||Tamil or early Dravidian via [[Semitic languages|Semitic]]||''Kiṇṭi/கிண்டி''||small vessel <ref name=Podolsky>Podolsky, B.''Past links:Studies in the Languages and Cultures of the Ancient Near East'', p. 199-201</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Pre-Greek substrate]]

==Notes==

{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Cited literature==
{{div col|small=yes|colwidth=35em}}

* {{Citation |last=Allan |first=John Andrew |title=The Cambridge Shorter History of India |publisher=Literary Licensing, LLC |year=2013 | isbn=978-1-2588-0084-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Caldwell |first=Robert | title=A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian, Or South-Indian Family of Languages| publisher=Harrison |date=1856|isbn=978-81-20-60117-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Chandra |first=Moti | title=Trade And Trade Routes In Ancient India| publisher=Abhinav |date=1977|isbn=978-0-712-80117-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Clothey|first=Fred | title=Ritualizing on the Boundaries: Continuity and Innovation in the Tamil Diaspora| publisher= Univ of South Carolina Press|date=2006|isbn=978-1570036477}}
* {{Citation |last=Dishitar |first=Ramachandra |title=Origin And Spread Of The Tamils |publisher=Oakley |year=1971 | isbn=978-3-111-59200-8}}
* {{Citation |last= Iyengar |first=Srinivasa |title=History of the Tamils: From the Earliest Times to 600 A.D|publisher=Coomarswamy Naidu & Sons |year=1929 | isbn=}}
* {{Citation |last=James |first=Gregory |title=Tamil lexicography |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2008 | isbn=978-1-443-72658-0}}
* {{Citation |last=Quattrocchi |first=Umberto |title=CRC World dictionary of plant names |publisher=CRC |year=2000 | isbn=978-0-849-32677-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Kanakasabhai|first=V | title=The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago| publisher= Forgotten Books|date=2018|isbn=978-0331601978}}
* {{cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin|editor1-last=Deshpande |editor1-first=Madhav |editor2-last=Hook |editor2-first=Peter |title=Aryan and Non-Aryan in India| publisher=University of Michigan |date=1979|isbn=978-0-89148-045-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Pdodolsky |first=Baruch|editor1-last=Izre'el |editor1-first=Shlomo |editor2-last=Singer |editor2-first=Itmamar |editor3-last=Zadok |editor3-first=Ran |title=Past links:Studies in the Languages and Cultures of the Ancient Near East| publisher=Eisenbrauns |date=1998|isbn=1-57506-035-3}}
* {{Citation | last=Price | first=Edward | title=A history of Kannada literature | publisher=Asian Educational Service |year=1982 | isbn=8120600630 }}
* {{cite conference |title= Proceedings of the Second International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies|last1=Rabin |first1=Chaim |date=Oct 1971 |publisher=International Association of Tamil Research |pages=432–440 }}
* {{cite book |last=Rawlinson |first=H G | title=Intercourse between India and the western world from the earliest times to the fall of Rome| publisher=Cambridge University |date=1916|isbn=}}
* {{Citation |last=Shulman |first=David |title=Tamil: A biography |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2016 | isbn=978-0-674-05992-4}}
* {{Citation |last=Southworth |first=Franklin |title=Linguistic Archaeology of South Asia |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 | isbn=978-0-415-33323-8}}
{{div col end}}

[[Category:Tamil language-related lists|G]]
[[Category:Lists of loanwords|T]]
[[Category:Greek words and phrases|T]]

Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye

2026-04-24T17:37:08Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Adding A Entry

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye
| office = Member of [[10th Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[North Goa Lok Sabha constituency]]
| predecessor = [[Gopal Mayekar]]
| predecessor1 = [[Prakash Fadte]]
| successor = [[Ramakant Khalap]]
| successor1 = [[Anant Shet]]
| constituency1 = [[Maem Assembly constituency]]
| image = File:Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye.gif
| children = [[Pravin Zantye]]
| spouse = Pushpa H. Zantye
| birth_date = 22 September 1935
| birth_place = [[Malvan]], [[Sindhudurg district]]
| death_date = 20 March 2021
| office1 = Member of [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| term_end = 10 May 1996
| term_start = 20 June 1991
| term_end1 = 28 February 2005
| term_start1 = 12 June 2002
}}
'''Harish Narayan Prabhu Zantye''' was an Indian politician who served as Member of [[10th Lok Sabha]] from [[North Goa Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panaji Lok Sabha Election Result |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/panaji-lok-sabha |website=Result University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=North Goa (Goa) Elections Results 2021 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/goa-lok-sabha-election-results-2021/north-goa |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> and Member of [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] from [[Maem Assembly constituency]].<ref name=":0" /> He also served as Minister of Social Welfare in [[Government of Goa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=Aureliano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHpuAAAAMAAJ&q=harish |title=Cabinet Government in Goa, 1961-1993: A Chronicled Analysis of 30 Years of Government and Politics in Goa |date=1997 |publisher=Maureen & Camvet Publishers |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was born on 22 September 1935 in [[Malvan]], [[Sindhudurg district]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=HARISH PRABHU ZANTYE |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/uploads/members/97_promember_Zantye04.pdf |website=Goa Legislative Assembly}}</ref> He married Pushpa H. Zantye on 15 February 1966 and got one son and three daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Member's Bioprofile |url=https://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3566.htm |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Lok Sabha}}</ref> He is the father of [[Pravin Zantye]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=Goa minister, another MLA quit BJP |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/goa-minister-lobo-quits-bjp-ahead-of-expected-entry-into-congress-101641800248362.html |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> On 20 March 2021, he died at the age of 86.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Harish Zantye, former MP, minister passes away at 86 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/harish-zantye-former-mp-minister-passes-away-at-86/articleshow/81609451.cms |access-date=2024-08-12 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en | date=21 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lok Sabha Synopsis of Debates |url=https://loksabhadocs.nic.in/Synop/17/VI/19SynPDFpdf.pdf |website=Lok Sabha Documents}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-North Goa MP Harish Zantye passes away at 86 {{!}} The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2021/03/21/goanews/ex-north-goa-mp-harish-zantye-passes-away-at-86/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Nav Hind Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Goa minister Harish Zantye dies |url=https://www.dtnext.in/national/2021/03/20/former-goa-minister-harish-zantye-dies |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DT Next |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Goa minister Harish Zantye dies |url=https://www.firstindia.co.in/news/india/former-goa-minister-harish-zantye-dies |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=First India News Rajasthan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-20 |title=Former Goa minister Harish Zantye passes away |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/former-goa-minister-harish-zantye-passes-away-964297.html |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Former minister, MP Harish Zantye no more |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Former-minister-MP-Harish-Zantye-no-more/172540 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zantye, Harish Narayan Prabhu}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Goa MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:People from Sindhudurg district]]

Martin (2024 film)

2026-04-24T15:14:38Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: data

{{short description|2024 Indian film by A. P. Arjun}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Martin
| image = Martin 2023 film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. P. Arjun]]
| screenplay = A. P. Arjun
| story = [[Arjun Sarja]]
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Gopinath Krishna Murthy A. P. Arjun
}}
| producer = [[Uday K. Mehta]] Suraj Uday Mehta
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Dhruva Sarja]]
* [[Vaibhavi Shandilya]]
* [[Anveshi Jain]]
* [[Sukrutha Wagle]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Satya Hegde]]
| editing = K. M. Prakash Praveen K Gowda
| music = [[Mani Sharma]] (songs) [[Ravi Basrur]] (score)
| studio = Vasavi Enterprises Uday K Mehta Productions
| distributor = [[Mythri Movie Makers]] (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) [[KVN Productions]] [[Invenio Origin]] M S Films (Tamil Nadu)
| released = {{Film date|2024|10|11|df=yes}}
| runtime = 148 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBFC {{!}} Search Film |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMjIzMDkyMDI0MDAwMTM= |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget ={{INR}}80{{ndash}}150 crore
<ref name="budget"/><ref name="budget150"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=Kannada Highest Grossing Movies 2024: ಈ ವರ್ಷ ತೆರೆಕಂಡ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಅವುಗಳ ಕಲೆಕ್ಷನ್‌ ವಿವರ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ |url=https://kannada.timesnownews.com/entertainment/kannada-highest-grossing-movies-2024-sandalwood-films-and-its-collection-photo-gallery-116098981 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Times Now Kannada |language=kn}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}27.60 crore<ref name=":3" />
}}

'''''Martin''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action thriller film]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=TV9 |date=2024-10-04 |title=Martin Movie: 'నా సినిమాను రిలీజ్ చేయద్దు'.. కోర్టు మెట్లెక్కిన పాన్ ఇండియా మూవీ డైరెక్టర్.. కారణమిదే |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/director-ap-arjun-apeal-to-high-court-to-not-release-his-dhruva-sarja-starrer-martin-movie-1365765.html |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-04 |title=Dhruva Sarja's Martin trailer crosses 74 million views, setting the stage for Kannada cinema's next big blockbuster |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dhruva-sarjas-martin-trailer-crosses-74-million-views-setting-the-stage-for-kannada-cinemas-next-big-blockbuster-13822002.html |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> directed by [[A. P. Arjun]], from a story by [[Arjun Sarja]], and produced by [[Uday K. Mehta]] and Suraj Uday Mehta. It stars [[Dhruva Sarja]] in [[dual role]]s, alongside [[Vaibhavi Shandilya]], [[Sukrutha Wagle]], [[Achyuth Kumar]] and [[Nikitin Dheer]]. The music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]] and [[Ravi Basrur]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by [[Satya Hegde]] and K. M. Prakash.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Martin' teaser gives a feast to action lovers |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/martin-teaser-gives-a-feast-to-action-lovers/articleshow/98197676.cms |access-date=2024-02-11 |issn=0971-8257 | date=4 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-31 |title=Dhruva Sarja-starrer Martin to hit the theatres soon |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kannada-film-martin-to-release-soon-director-ap-arjun-unveils-poster-6960451.html |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=They're my friends: Dhruva Sarja on competition with Yash, Rishab Shetty at Martin teaser launch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/theyre-my-friends-dhruva-sarja-on-competition-with-yash-rishab-shetty-at-martin-teaser-launch-2339564-2023-02-25 |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=India Today |date=25 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

''Martin'' was theatrically released on 11 October 2024, coinciding with [[Vijayadashami#Southern India|Dasara]], where it was panned by critics and became a [[box office bomb]]. Despite being a box office bomb, it is still one of [[List_of_Kannada_films_of_2024#Box_office_collection|the top 10 highest-grossing Kannada movies of 2024.]]

== Plot ==
In [[Pakistan]], a mysterious person is injected with drugs, where he loses his memory and becomes aggressive. The person's aggressiveness leads him to get captured and imprisoned, but he escapes from the prison and manages to regain some memories with the help of Pakistani locals, whom he had met including a lollipop-selling kid, a weapons dealer and an ally Regina. The person learns that he is actually Arjun Saxena, an [[Indian Revenue Service (Custom and Indirect Taxes)|IRS]] officer. However, Regina gets assassinated by ''Martin'', a notorious international crime boss who is known for his trademark of shooting and killing his opponents in the left eye.

Arjun contacts his friend Parashuram [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] and learns that he arrived in Pakistan to capture Martin. He tells Parashuram that he and his friend Vivek, an [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] fighter, are in danger from Martin. Arjun arrives in [[Mumbai]] through a cargo boat and arrives at [[Andheri railway station|Andheri Railway Junction]] to meet Parashuram, but he gets attacked and Parashuram is killed by Martin's henchmen. Arjun tries to inform Vivek, who is in a MMA match, but he is also eventually killed. Arjun reunites with his friend Sathya and his fiancèe Preeti, where he learns that Preeti is also a target of Martin and plans to lure and capture him in [[Mangalore]], using Preeti as bait. Arjun and Sathya protect her and fend off the masked attackers, but Arjun regains his memory and injures Sathya, shockingly revealing himself as Martin. It is revealed that Arjun and Martin are actually [[doppelgänger|doppelgängers]] and that Arjun was in a [[coma]] in Pakistan for 15 days under the care of Regina's friend Shabnam, a Pakistani ally and an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]]. Arjun awakes from his coma and Shabnam reveals to him that Martin has escaped to India.

'''Past''': While on duty, Arjun seizes an illegal shipment, containing defective and hazardous [[medicine]] from Mushtaq, who runs a pharmaceuticals racket. Arjun captures and imprisons his henchmen. Mushtaq seeks the help of Martin, who agrees to help Mushtaq in exchange for money. Martin frames Arjun for killing Mushtaq's henchmen and gets him suspended, whilst also threatening him by killing Preeti if he tries to come after him again. Arjun interrogates Martin's henchman Munna, with Parshuram's help, and learns that Martin has left for Pakistan. Arjun arrives in Pakistan and interrogates multiple weapons dealers, with Shabnam's help, to locate Martin. Martin learns that Arjun is in Pakistan and kills Regina, telling his girlfriend to leave for Mumbai and kill Parashuram and Vivek. Martin arrives in an under-construction building, where Arjun is interrogating the dealers. Martin kills the dealers, overpowers Arjun, leaving a bullet mark on Martin's body to prove that he and Martin are different, and sends him into a coma. Martin, while escaping, falls from the building and gets admitted to the hospital himself, while Shabnam takes Arjun to a safe place.

'''Present''': Arjun arrives in Mangalore, where Martin is with Sathya and Preeti in a hospital. He reaches the hospital, but Martin takes Preeti to his hideout on a cruise ship. Arjun plans to destroy the containers, while Martin threatens Arjun in killing Preeti if the containers are not returned as Arjun threatens to destroy the containers. Mushtaq secretly plans to intercept Arjun and the cargo trucks without Martin's knowledge. Arjun fends off the bikers, but he gets attacked by [[artillery]] jeeps. However, Martin destroys the jeeps and reveals that Vivek, Parashuram and Regina were actually working with Mushtaq, who not only sells hazardous medicines, but also supplies [[Illegal arms trafficking|illegal weapons]] to terrorists. Martin reveals that he learnt that Mushtaq had attempted to kill him and also tried to overtake him to retrieve the containers. Martin makes a deal with Arjun that he will return Preeti to Arjun in exchange for erasing Martin's identity. Arjun reluctantly agrees to the deal. Mushtaq arrives with the money to take the containers, but Martin and Arjun kill Mushtaq. Martin destroys Mushtaq's containers and escapes with the money. Arjun receives appreciation by receiving a medal for completing the mission.

Three months later, Arjun watches a news footage about several people who were killed by being shot in their left eyes in different cities, assuring him that Martin is behind the killings. In the aftermath, Arjun receives a call from Martin, who is now living under a new identity as ''Rhino''.

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|
* [[Dhruva Sarja]] in a [[dual role]] as:
** Martin / Rhino
** Arjun Saxena, as an [[Indian Revenue Service (Custom and Indirect Taxes)|IRS]] officer
* [[Vaibhavi Shandilya]] as Preeti
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Ashok Kumar, Arjun's Senior
* [[Anveshi Jain]] as Martin's girlfriend
* [[Sukrutha Wagle]] as Shabnam
* [[Chikkanna]] as Sathya
* Prathap Narayanan as Vivek
* [[Malavika Avinash]] as a Pakistani doctor
* [[Nikitin Dheer]] as Mushtaq
* [[Vajrang Shetty]] as Munna
* [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]] as a Pakistani jailer
* Rohit Pathak as a Pakistani jailer
* MK Matta as Karim
* Sriram Reddy Polasane as Surgeon
* [[Nathan Jones (wrestler)|Nathan Jones]] as Jail fighter
* Rubiel Mosquera as Jail fighter
* [[Giorgia Andriani]] as dancer in the song "Jasmine"
}}

==Production==
The film's shooting lasted 252 days. The climax was shot in 52 days. The film features 5000 segments with [[visual effects]]. According to [[Dhruva Sarja]], the film was originally made on a budget of {{INR}}80 crore and incurred a "landing cost" of {{INR}}120 crore.<ref name="budget">{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Dhruva Sarja: It’s essential to be accountable to those who invest in you |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2024/Oct/10/dhruva-sarja-its-essential-to-be-accountable-to-those-who-invest-in-you |access-date=14 October 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=10 October 2024}}</ref> ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' reported that the budget is {{INR|150}} crore.<ref name="budget150">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Simran |title=India's biggest flop wanted to become next KGF, became worst film of 2024, made in Rs 150 crore, earned 10% of budget |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-india-biggest-flop-wanted-to-become-next-kgf-became-worst-film-of-2024-made-in-rs-150-crore-martin-arjun-sarja-3114180/why-martin-is-biggest-flop-of-2024-3114191 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Martin
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mani Sharma]]
| released = 11 October 2024
| recorded = 2023–24
| cover =
| alt =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| language = [[Kannada]]
| length = 10:45
| label = [[Saregama]]
}}

[[Mani Sharma]] composed the soundtrack, while [[Ravi Basrur]] composed the musical score. The soundtrack album was secured by [[Saregama]].

The first single titled "Jeevan Neene" was released on 3 September 2024. The second single titled "Anthem of Martin" was released on 5 October 2024.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jeevan Neene
| extra1 = [[Sonu Nigam]], Shruthika Samudhrala
| lyrics1 = [[A. P. Arjun]]
| length1 = 3:56
| title2 = Anthem of Martin
| extra2 = Prudhvi Chandra, [[Roll Rida]]
| lyrics2 = A. P. Arjun
| length2 = 3:59
| title3 = Jasmine Song
| extra3 = Harika Narayan
| lyrics3 = Pramod Maravanthe
| length3 = 3:10
| total_length = 10:45
}}

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
''Martin'' was theatrically released on 11 October 2024, coinciding with [[Vijayadashami|Dasara]], in [[Kannada]], along with the dubbed versions of [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Hindi]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-07 |title=Dhruva Sarja: ʻಯುವʼ, ʻಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್‌ʼ ನಡುವೆ ಕ್ಲ್ಯಾಶ್‌; ರಿಲೀಸ್‌ ಡೇಟ್‌ ಅನೌನ್ಸ್‌! |url=https://vistaranews.com/cinema-film/dhruva-sarja-martin-release-date-announce/447687.html |website=Vistara News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Dhruva Sarja's 'Martin' sets new record with global release in 13 languages.
|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jul/31/dhruva-sarjas-martin-sets-new-record-with-global-release-in-13-languages}}</ref> [[Invenio Origin]] released the film across the country.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/title-song-of-martin-to-feature-dhruva-sarja-in-10-distinct-looks/articleshow/113936257.cms | title=Title song of Martin to feature Dhruva Sarja in 10 distinct looks | newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The satellite and digital streaming rights were sold to [[Zee Network]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]]. The film began streaming on Amazon Prime Video from 19 November 2024.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/martin-out-on-ott-in-india-stream-the-dhruva-sarja-led-action-flick-on-these-platforms/129dec3534671|title=Martin out on OTT in India: Stream the Dhruva Sarja-led action flick on THESE platforms|website=OTTplay}}</ref>

==Reception==
The film received negative reviews from audience and critics.

S. Sridevi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and termed it as "all sound and spectacle and no substance."<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/martin-review-dhruva-sarjas-film-prioritises-spectacle-over-substance/movie-review/114166376.cms|title=Martin Movie Review: Dhruva Sarja’s film prioritises spectacle over substance|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Jagadish Angadi of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "''Martin'' is strictly for die-hard action fans."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/martin-movie-review-action-packed-thriller-let-down-by-misplaced-priorities-3229968|title=‘Martin’ movie review: Action-packed thriller let down by misplaced priorities|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

Sanjay Ponnappa of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Martin could have been a normal action thriller with a template story, had it not been pumped with so much budget and unnecessary chutzpah. From direction to all other technical departments like VFX, CGI, editing and more, every aspect of Martin was disappointing in massive proportions."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ponnappa |first1=Sanjay |title=Martin review: Dhruva Sarja's film offers more noise, less music |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/martin-review-dhruva-sarja-arjun-sarja-film-offers-more-noise-less-noise-2615352-2024-10-11 |website=India Today |access-date=11 October 2024}}</ref> Prathibha Joy of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Martin feels like a lost opportunity; Dhruva vs Dhruva had potential, but what we get is a wafer-thin plot as old as time that will, perhaps, appeal to die-hard fans of DS Boss. For the rest, well, you’ve been warned."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Joy |first1=Prathibha |title=Martin movie review: Dhruva Sarja has fun playing the bad boy, but film is an assault on the senses |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/martin-movie-review-dhruva-sarja-has-fun-playing-the-bad-boy-but-film-is-an-assault-on-the-senses/6a5b5c6bb8369 |website=OTTPlay |access-date=11 October 2024}}</ref>

Calling the film a "Big-Budget Disappointment", Shashiprasad SM of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote, "Instead of focusing on a compelling story, screenplay, and thoughtful filmmaking, the emphasis seems to be on grandiosity, both visually and sonically."<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=SM |first1=Shashiprasad |title=Martin Movie Review: Martin Is Not A 'Joke,' But A Big-Budget Disappointment! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/martin-movie-review-martin-is-not-a-joke-but-a-big-budget-disappointment-review-114129892 |website=Times Now |access-date=11 October 2024}}</ref> Goutham S of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote "Martin offers nothing new in terms of story. The movie once again delves into creating some awe out of a larger-than-life character, even leaving an opportunity to expand it into a franchise."<ref>{{cite web |last1=S |first1=Goutham |title=Martin Movie Review: Dhruva Sarja starrer flick aims only to cater his fans riding on a rehashed action story template |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/martin-movie-review-dhruva-sarja-starrer-flick-aims-only-to-cater-his-fans-riding-on-a-rehashed-action-story-template-1353115 |website=Pinkvilla |access-date=11 October 2024}}</ref>

In a negative review, Vivek M.V. of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "In a bid to elevate actor Dhruva Sarja’s stardom, the makers of ‘Martin’ fall short in delivering a coherent action drama. Apart from one intense chase involving cars and bikes and the high-octane climax sequence shot in a vast, desert-like landscape, the much-hyped action sequences lack style."<ref>{{cite news |last1=M.V. |first1=Vivek |title='Martin' movie review: Dhruva Sarja's ambitious action-thriller is marred by its brash execution |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/martin-movie-review-dhruva-sarjas-ambitious-action-thriller-is-marred-by-brashy-execution/article68744529.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=11 October 2024}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "For Dhruva, this movie was meant to be a major milestone in his career but Martin has turned out to be all hype with no substance."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/martin-review-dhruva-sarja-aces-the-action-scenes-but-the-film-is-a-letdown-101728717149635.html|title=Martin review: Dhruva Sarja aces the action scenes; but the film is a letdown|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|15334030}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction action films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian spy thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]
[[Category:2024 science fiction action films]]

Battle of Thrissur

2026-04-23T15:26:02Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{Short description|Conflict in 1763}}
{{Infobox military conflict|
| conflict = Battle of Thrissur
| image =
| caption =
| partof = Wars involving Travancore
| date = {{start date and age|1763}}
| place = [[Thrissur]], [[India]]
| result = [[Travancore]] Victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Former Travancore flag-Martanda Varma.png}} [[Kingdom of Travancore]]
| combatant2 = [[Zamorin|Kingdom of Calicut]]
| commander1 = [[Marthanda Pillai]]
[[Eustachius De Lannoy]]
| commander2 = [[Zamorin|Zamorin Raja]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}

The '''Battle of Thrissur''' took place at [[Thrissur]] in 1763 between the forces of the [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]] and the [[Zamorin|Zamorin of Calicut]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Shungoony Menon|first=P|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoftravanc0000shun/page/190/mode/2up|title=History of Travancore from the Earliest Times|year=1878|location=Madras|pages=190}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Panikkar|first=K.M|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275322/page/n117/mode/2up|title=Malabar And The Dutch|year=1931|location=|pages=96–97}}</ref>

== Prelude ==
[[Paliath Achan]] of the [[Kingdom of Cochin]] and Maharaja [[Dharma Raja|Rama Varma]] of the [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]] made an alliance to drive out the [[Zamorin|Zamorin of Calicut]] from the territories belonging to the [[Kochi Rajas|Raja of Kochi]]. Kingdom of Cochin accepted to cede parts of these territories to Travancore after the conquest.<ref name=":1" />

== Battle ==
The Travancore army marched forward under the command of the Dalawa Martanda Pillai. On arriving at [[North Paravur|Paravur]], the Travancore commander on the advice of General [[Eustachius De Lannoy|de Lannoy]] decided upon a direct attack on [[Thrissur]] from two sides. For this purpose the army was grouped, in two divisions, one under Ayyappan Marthanda Pillai and the other under General [[Delannoy|de Lannoy]]. The plan was to make a converging attack on Thrissur, the Dalawa marching directly on it while the General was to capture [[Chetuva]] and attack it from the north. Thrissur was successfully occupied by Marthanda Pillai's force. The Zamorin's forces at Thrissur were caught within the blades of this scissors; but from this difficult position the ruler of Calicut extricated himself by ordering his garrison at Chetuva to fight desperate rearguard actions in which every inch of territory was resisted.<ref name=":1" /> Though the Zamorin's force resisted obstinately for a time, still it was no match to General [[Eustachius De Lannoy|de Lannoy]]' s disciplined army and it was therefore compelled to retreating.<ref name=":0" />

== Aftermath ==
The Calicut forces evacuated the Cochin Territory. Zamorin sued for peace and agreed to indemnify [[Travancore]] for the expenses of the war by paying the moderate sum of one hundred and fifty thousand rupees, promising perpetual friendship.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==

* [[Battle of Nedumkotta]]
* [[Siege of Chale|Siege of Chaliyam]]
* [[Battle of Colachel]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms|Thrissur]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1763|Thrissur]]
[[Category:1763 in India]]

Purple Line (Namma Metro)

2026-04-23T10:32:54Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created article

{{Short description|Metro line in Bengaluru, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 300
| name = Purple Line
| other_name = {{hlist|East–West corridor|Line 1|Whitefield (Kadugodi)–Challaghatta Line}}
| native_name = ನೇರಳೆ ಮಾರ್ಗ (Neraḷe mārga)
| native_name_lang = Kn
| color = {{rcr|Namma Metro|Purple}}
| logo =
| logo_width = 150
| logo_alt =
| image = Namma Metro's Purple Line trainset.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = This trainset on standby at {{stl|Namma Metro|Vijayanagar}} metro station and heading towards {{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}} metro station
| type = [[Rapid transit|Metro]]
| system = [[Namma Metro]]
| locale = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| start = {{metro|Whitefield (Kadugodi)}}
| end = [[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]]
| connectinglines = '''''Operational''''' (1): {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}} '''''Upcoming''''' (5): {{rcb|Namma Metro|Blue|croute}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Pink|croute}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Orange|croute}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Grey|croute}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Red|croute}} '''''Planned''''' (1): {{rcb|Namma Metro|Inner Ring|croute}}
| stations = 37 (Operational)
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 191,056 (2019)
| ridership2 = 69.74 million (2019)
| open = {{start date and age|20 October 2011|df=yes}}
| lastextension = {{start date and age|9 October 2023|df=yes}}
| close =
| owner = Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL)
| character = Elevated, at grade and underground
| stock = BEML
| depot = Kadugodi Challaghatta (under construction)
| linelength =
| linelength_km = 43.49
| tracklength =
| tracklength_km =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| load_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| routenumber =
| linenumber =
| electrification = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| speed_km/h = 36
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation =
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20150813004421/http://www.bmrc.co.in/English/index.html bmrc.co.in]
| map = {{BMR Purple Line}}
| map_name = Purple Line map
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Purple Line''' is a line on the [[Namma Metro]] [[rapid transit|rail system]]. As of 2023, the line is {{Cvt|43.49|km}} long and spans 37 stations from [[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]] in the southwest to [[Whitefield metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]] to the east.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/seven-new-trains-to-ensure-frequency-on-kengeri-line/articleshow/85467944.cms|title = Bengaluru: 7 new Metro trains to ensure frequency after operations begin on Kengeri line | Bengaluru News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=20 August 2021 }}</ref> It is mostly elevated, with 31 elevated stations, 5 underground stations and 1 at-grade station. The line passes through many major activity centers and business districts of the city, including [[Whitefield, Bangalore|Whitefield]], [[Krishnarajapura]], [[M G Road, Bangalore|MG Road]], [[Vidhana Soudha]], [[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Majestic]], [[Vijayanagar]], [[Rajarajeshwari Nagar]] and [[Kengeri]]. There is an interchange with the [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]] at [[Majestic metro station|Majestic station]]. Phase I of the Purple Line was the first underground metro section constructed in South India.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 April 2016|title=You can take underground metro from April 30|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/you-can-take-underground-metro-from-april-30/article8517819.ece|access-date=25 April 2016|website=The Hindu|language=en-IN}}</ref> Purple train is currently operating with 33 train sets with 6 coaches each. Titagarh will provide 15 train sets out of 21 train sets new order by March 2026.

==Construction==
Sections of the Purple Line were opened as below:<ref>{{cite web|title=Metro Network|url=http://www.bmrc.co.in/English/Network.htm|website=www.bmrc.co.in|access-date=26 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814222834/http://www.bmrc.co.in/English/Network.htm|archive-date=14 August 2015}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#{{rcr|Namma Metro|Purple}};" | '''History'''
|-
! width="5%" |Phase
! width="5%" |Section
! width="5%" |Opening date
! width="5%" colspan="2"|Terminals
! width="10%" |Length
! width="5%" |Stations
|-
| rowspan="3" |1
| Reach 1|| 20 October 2011||[[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyappanahalli]]||[[Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station (Bangalore)|Mahatma Gandhi Road]]||{{convert|6.70|km|mi|abbr=on}}||6
|-
| Reach 2|| 16 November 2015 ||[[Magadi Road metro station|Magadi Road]]|| [[Mysore Road metro station|Mysuru Road]]|| {{convert|6.40|km|mi|abbr=on}}||6
|-
| UG 1|| 30 April 2016 ||[[Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station (Bangalore)|Mahatma Gandhi Road]]||[[Magadi Road metro station|Magadi Road]]||{{cvt|5.12|km|mi|abbr=on}}{{efn|The stretch from M. G. Road to Magadi Road is {{cvt|5.12|km|mi|abbr=on}}. UG 1 is the name given by the BMRCL to the underground portion of this stretch, which is composed of two {{cvt|4.82|km|mi|abbr=on}} tunnels.}}|| 5
|-
| rowspan="5" |2
| Reach 2A|| 30 August 2021 ||[[Mysore Road metro station|Mysuru Road]]||[[Kengeri metro station|Kengeri]]||{{cvt|7.5|km|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="BM Phase II length" />||6
|-
| Reach 1A<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Baiyappanahalli-Whitefield line may be ready by Dec-end |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2022/apr/23/baiyappanahalli-whitefield-line-may-be-ready-by-dec-end-2445411.html |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-21 |title=Bengaluru Metro blames rain for delay of Baiyappanahalli-Whitefield trial run |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-metro-blames-rain-for-delay-of-baiyappanahalli-whitefield-trial-run-8165015/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |26 March 2023
|[[Krishnarajapuram metro station|Krishnarajapura]]||[[Kundalahalli metro station|Kundalahalli]]||{{Cvt|6.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}||6
|-
|Reach 1B
|[[Kundalahalli metro station|Kundalahalli]]
|[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]
|{{Cvt|7.21|km|mi|abbr=on}} <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-25 |title=PM inaugurates much-awaited Whitefield Metro line in Bengaluru |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/top-bengaluru-stories/pm-inaugurates-much-awaited-whitefield-metro-line-in-bengaluru-1203405.html |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|6
|-
|Reach 1A
| rowspan="2" |9 October 2023
|[[Krishnarajapuram metro station|Krishnarajapura]]
|[[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyappanahalli]]
|{{cvt|2.10|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="BM Phase II length" />
|1
|-
|Reach 2B
|[[Kengeri metro station|Kengeri]]
|[[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]]
|{{cvt|2.05|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="BM Phase II length" />
|1
|-
! colspan="3" |Total||Whitefield (Kadugodi)||Challaghatta||{{cvt|43.49|km|mi|abbr=on}}||37
|}

===Phase I===
Civil construction work on Phase I of the line began on 15 April 2007 and was originally scheduled to be completed in 5 years. However, the project faced delays and missed several deadlines. Difficult tunnel boring conditions through a mixed geology with hard rock caused major delays.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hard rock beaten on Bangalore slurry drives|url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/Bangalore-Metro-17Mar2014-Final-drive-for-UG2-breaks-through.php|access-date=5 September 2020|website=www.tunneltalk.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Getting Bangalore Metro north-south line back on track|url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/India-25Jan2016-Bangalore-Metro-Phase-I-north-south-line-construction-troubles-and-Phase-II-preparations.php|access-date=5 September 2020|website=www.tunneltalk.com}}</ref> The first stretch of Purple Line (Reach 1, fully elevated) between [[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyyappanahalli]] and Mahatma Gandhi Road was inaugurated on 20 October 2011. Reach 2 (fully elevated) between Mysore Road and Magadi Road commenced operations on 16 November 2015. These two sections operated independently until the final section, the underground stretch between Mahatma Gandhi Road and City Railway station was opened on 30 April 2016, thus linking the previously opened stretches and completing Phase I.

Costs for the Purple Line were estimated at {{INR}}4500–5000 crores. The cost of the underground stretch alone amounted to about {{INRConvert|1000|c}}.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 April 2016|title=Bangalore underground metro section inaugurated|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bangalore-underground-metro-section-inaugurated/|access-date=29 April 2016|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Metro ready but how do we get to the station?|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270416/metro-ready-but-how-do-we-get-to-the-station.html|website=Deccan Herald|date=27 April 2016|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Land acquisition for Phase I of the project cost {{INRConvert|2500|c|nolink=yes}}.<ref name="NIE1">{{cite web|title=Metro June Deadline Stands, But With Rider|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Metro-June-Deadline-Stands-But-With-Rider/2016/01/20/article3235280.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122094941/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Metro-June-Deadline-Stands-But-With-Rider/2016/01/20/article3235280.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 January 2016|access-date=27 April 2016|website=The New Indian Express |date=Jan 20, 2016 }}</ref> BMRCL secured {{INRConvert|6500|c|nolink=yes}} through long-term loans and {{INRConvert|300|c|nolink=yes}} by selling bonds, while the remaining project cost was funded by the central and state governments. Loans were secured from several agencies: {{INRConvert|3000|c|nolink=yes}} from the [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] (JICA), {{INRConvert|600|c|nolink=yes}} from the [[Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited]] (HUDCO), {{INRConvert|25|c|nolink=yes}} from the [[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB), and the rest from a French lending agency. Approximately 10% of the {{INR}}6500 crore was to be paid as interest by BMRCL each year. The Federation of Karnataka Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FKCCI) had estimated that interest payment alone would be {{INRConvert|2|c|nolink=yes}}; however, BMRCL stated that it was not as high but "definitely more than {{INRConvert|1|c|nolink=yes}} per day".<ref name="NIE1"/>[[File:NammaMetro-PurleLine.jpg|frameless|950x950px]]

The tunnels bored using [[tunnel boring machine]]s (TBMs) are located approximately 60 feet below ground level, have an outer diameter of 6.5 metres and inner diameter of 5.6 metres, and situated are 5 metres apart.<ref>{{cite web|title=15 Trains to Run at Frequency of 10 Minutes on Metro's Purple Line|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/15-Trains-to-Run-at-Frequency-of-10-Minutes-on-Metro%E2%80%99s-Purple-Line/2016/04/27/article3402191.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428110226/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/15-Trains-to-Run-at-Frequency-of-10-Minutes-on-Metro%E2%80%99s-Purple-Line/2016/04/27/article3402191.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 April 2016|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Two Japanese TBMs, ''Helen'' and ''Margarita'', were used for tunneling work of the Purple Line.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bengaluru Metro Goes Underground - With Help From Helen And Margarita|url=http://www.ndtv.com/bangalore-news/bengaluru-metro-goes-underground-with-help-from-helen-and-margarita-1400629|website=NDTV.com|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Special Correspondent |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/a-smoother-passage-for-margarita/article3944879.ece |title=A smoother passage for Margarita |work=The Hindu |date=28 September 2012 |access-date=4 March 2013 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Bangalore, 23 Sep 2012, DHNS |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/280683/tunnelling-along-north-south-corridor.html |title=Tunnelling along north-south corridor to begin soon |work=Deccan Herald|date=23 September 2012 |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/121218/news-current-affairs/article/metro-rushes-meet-deadline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218232229/http://deccanchronicle.com/121218/news-current-affairs/article/metro-rushes-meet-deadline |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 December 2012 |title=Metro rushes to meet deadline |work=Deccan Chronicle|date=18 December 2012 |access-date=4 March 2013 |last=Update : 06:47 pm IST}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Bangalore, 21 Feb 2013, DHNS |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/313939/after-helen-margarita-its-krishna.html |title=After Helen, Margarita, it's Krishna and Kaveri |work=Deccan Herald|date=21 February 2013 |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref> Tunneling work began in May 2011 and completed in May 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Namma Metro fare more than Delhi Metro - Bangalore Mirror -|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Namma-Metro-fare-more-than-Delhi-Metro/articleshow/52000109.cms|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref> Underground stations (City railway station, Sir M Visvesvaraya, Vidhana Soudha and Cubbon Park) were built by the [[cut-and-cover]] method which required 10,000 controlled blasts using {{Convert|50000|kg|abbr=on}} of explosives of 125 gm gel nitrate capsules due to hard granite rock.<ref name="Deccan Herald1">{{cite web|title=Conducted 10,000 blasts to cut hard rocks: BMRCL|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/542956/conducted-10000-blasts-cut-hard.html|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Krishnan|first1=Raghu|title=Phase one of Bengaluru Metro to be launched today|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/phase-one-of-bengaluru-metro-to-be-launched-today-116042801155_1.html|website=Business Standard|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="NYOOOZ" /> Blasts were carried out daily from 6 am to 7 am from March 2011 to early 2013, as regulations restricted blasting work from being carried out at other times of the day. Preparation for a single blast took approximately 3.5 hours, with the actual duration of a blast being 5 seconds. Approximately, 20,250 truckloads of debris were excavated during construction. Kolar-based National Institute of Rock Mechanics served as the consultant for blasting work. There were no injuries during the entire blasting process.<ref name="NYOOOZ">{{cite web|title=10,000 Blasts, 0 Injuries: Metro's Historic Run Today|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/10000-Blasts-0-Injuries-Metros-Historic-Run-Today/2016/04/29/article3406004.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430115916/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/10000-Blasts-0-Injuries-Metros-Historic-Run-Today/2016/04/29/article3406004.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 April 2016|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=29 April 2016}}</ref> A total of 2500 trees were cut down during the construction of both lines of Phase I.<ref name="Firstpost1">{{cite web|date=27 April 2016|title=Lessons from phase 1: Can Bengaluru Metro beat deadline blues in underground trail? - Firstpost|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/lessons-from-phase-1-can-bengaluru-metro-beat-deadline-blues-in-underground-trail-2752968.html|access-date=27 April 2016|website=Firstpost|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Underground Bengaluru Metro Station service flagged off, Siddaramaiah seeks Centre's help for Namma Metro phase III {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-underground-bengaluru-metro-station-service-flagged-off-siddaramaiah-seeks-centre-s-help-for-namma-metro-phase-iii-2207552|website=dna|access-date=29 April 2016|language=en-US|date=29 April 2016}}</ref>

Reach 1 was originally scheduled to begin operations in March 2010. After missing several deadlines, it was finally opened to the public on 20 October 2011 at 4 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] by [[Minister of Urban Development (India)|Union Urban Development Minister]] [[Kamal Nath]].<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10426429.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020152439/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10426429.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2011|title=Metro comes to Bangalore finally |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 October 2011}}</ref> There was an overwhelming response to the metro at the commencement of operations; as per BMRCL sources, within the first three days of operations, {{formatnum:169019}} people used the mass transit system.<ref name="bmrc">{{cite news|url=http://www.bmrc.co.in/pdf/news/Revserrpt.pdf|title=Revenue Services Report|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624234858/http://www.bmrc.co.in/pdf/news/Revserrpt.pdf|archive-date=24 June 2013}}</ref> At the end of the 4th day, about 200,000 passengers had already commuted on Namma Metro. Namma Metro's first 12-day cumulative revenue was {{INRConvert|10|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Madhumathi D.S. |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/article2586243.ece |title=Business Line : Industry & Economy / Logistics : Namma Metro rides on 'gawk' power |work=Business Line |access-date=3 January 2012}}</ref> During the first month, about 1,325,000 people traveled by metro.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/13-25-lakh-rode-the-Metro/articleshow/10862183.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715231328/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-25/bangalore/30440172_1_ridership-bmrc-bangalore-metro-rail-corporation | url-status=live | archive-date=15 July 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=13.25 lakh rode the Metro | date=25 November 2011}}</ref> On average, 41,390 people took the train every day, while the average daily revenue was {{INR}}{{formatnum:667262}}. BMRC earned a revenue of {{INRConvert|21|m}} in its first month of operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/namma-metro-gains-momentum/203997-60-119.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123041620/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/namma-metro-gains-momentum/203997-60-119.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 November 2011 |title=Namma Metro gains momentum – southindia – Bangalore – ibnlive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=3 January 2012}}</ref> However, average ridership during the first six months of operation was just 24,900 after the initial rush. BMRCL earned a total of {{INRConvert|66|m}} during the same period.<ref name="dnaindia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_joyrides-in-bangalore-metro-are-over_1678319 |title=Joyrides in Bangalore Metro are over – Bangalore – DNA |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> Namma Metro posted a profit of {{INRConvert|4.1|m}} after almost one year of operating Reach I. BMRCL estimates that nearly 8 million passengers traveled on the system during its first year of operations.<ref name="dnaindia2">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_bangalore-metro-posts-rs41-lakh-profit-in-first-year_1753650 |title=Bangalore Metro posts Rs 41 lakh profit in first year – Bangalore – DNA |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=18 October 2012 |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

Reach 2 received clearance to start services from Satish Kumar, the Commissioner for Metro Rail Safety, on 21 September 2015.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Mysore-Road-Magadi-Road-Metro-Stretch-Gets-Nod/2015/09/20/article3037362.ece| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927073221/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Mysore-Road-Magadi-Road-Metro-Stretch-Gets-Nod/2015/09/20/article3037362.ece| url-status=dead| archive-date=27 September 2015| title=Mysore Road-Magadi Road Metro Stretch Gets Nod| website=The New Indian Express| date=20 September 2015| author=Express News Service}}</ref> Reach 2 was opened to the public on 16 November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/bangalore-news/bengaluru-starts-metro-services-between-magadi-road-mysuru-road-1244113|title=Bengaluru Starts Metro Services Between Magadi Road, Mysuru Road|author=Maya Sharma|date=16 November 2015|work=NDTV.com|access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/bengaluru-s-namma-metro-magadi-road-mysuru-road-line-inaugurated-1929248.html|title=Bengaluru: Namma Metro Magadi Road-Mysuru Road line inaugurated|author=Preeti Panwar|work=oneindia.com|access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>

BMRCL applied for safety clearance to open the underground stretch in the third week of March 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=South India's first UG metro launched in Bengaluru on Friday - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/South-Indias-first-UG-metro-launched-in-Bengaluru-on-Friday/articleshow/51968708.cms|website=The Times of India|date=24 April 2016 |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> The Commissioner for Railway Safety (CRS) granted clearance to begin operations on the underground section in the first week of April 2016. The underground section was inaugurated by Union Urban Development Minister [[M. Venkaiah Naidu]], Chief Minister [[Siddaramaiah]] and other dignitaries at a ceremony at the [[Vidhana Soudha]] on 29 April 2016. The inaugural train through the underground section departed from Vidhana Soudha station at 6:35 pm.<ref>{{cite web|title=CM Launches Namma Metro Underground Corridor Train in Vidhana Soudha|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/CM-Launches-Namma-Metro-Underground-Corridor-Train-in-Vidhana-Soudha/2016/04/29/article3407039.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430115837/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/CM-Launches-Namma-Metro-Underground-Corridor-Train-in-Vidhana-Soudha/2016/04/29/article3407039.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 April 2016|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=29 April 2016}}</ref> The section was opened to the public from 6 am on 30 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Baiyappanahalli-Nayandahalli metro opens on April 30 - Bangalore Mirror -|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Baiyappanahalli-Nayandahalli-metro-opens-on-April-30/articleshow/51971204.cms|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bangaloreans cheer as Namma Metro rolls on underground tracks - Firstpost|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/bangaloreans-cheer-as-namma-metro-rolls-on-underground-tracks-2758150.html|website=Firstpost|access-date=30 April 2016|language=en-US|date=30 April 2016}}</ref> Trains ran until 10 pm on the opening day, making 115 trips and transporting about 93,500 passengers, earning BMRCL a revenue of {{INRConvert|35|l|}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bengalureans enjoy date with east-west corridor|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/543724/bengalureans-enjoy-date-east-west.html|website=Deccan Herald|date=May 2016 |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=For First Metro Rider, It Feels Like Good Old Days|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/For-First-Metro-Rider-It-Feels-Like-Good-Old-Days/2016/05/01/article3409394.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502115954/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/For-First-Metro-Rider-It-Feels-Like-Good-Old-Days/2016/05/01/article3409394.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2016|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> The following day, 120 trips were operated on the Purple line, transporting about 125,000 passengers. On the first two days of operation, after opening of the underground section, BMRCL collected over {{INR}}7 million in revenues from the Purple Line.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bengalureans go purple with Namma Metro|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/543864/bengalureans-go-purple-namma-metro.html|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Record one lakh commuters travel in Bengaluru metro on Sunday|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/record-one-lakh-commuters-travel-in-bengaluru-metro-on-sunday-1152129/|website=India.com|access-date=1 May 2016|date=2 May 2016}}</ref>

===Phase II===
In October 2016, the BMRCL began civil work on the west extension of the Purple Line from [[Mysuru Road metro station|Mysuru Road]] to [[Kengeri metro station|Kengeri]] (8.81 km), later extended to [[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]].<ref name=":0" /> Construction work on the Purple Line corridor was awarded in two packages for {{INR}} 660 crore.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMRCL invites bids for 3-km extension from Nagasandra.|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/575499/bmrcl-invites-bids-3-km.html|website=Deccan Herald|date=13 October 2016 |access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref> [[Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services|IL&FS Engineering Construction Company]] won the contract for Reach 2A of 3.94 km from Mysuru Road to [[Pattanagere metro station|Pattanagere]], including four stations, at {{INR}} 327 crore. Soma Enterprise won the contract for Reach 2B of 4.86 km from Pattanagere to Kengeri, later extended to Challaghatta, including two stations and a depot at Challaghatta at {{INR}} 332 crore. The land needed for the depot at Challaghatta, about 1.5 km away from Kengeri station, was already owned by BMRCL.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=BMRCL hints at extending Purple Line up to Challaghatta depot near Kengeri|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/584896/bmrcl-hints-extending-purple-line.html|work=Deccan Herald|date=5 December 2016 |access-date=3 January 2017}}</ref> Later, the line extension included a new station at Challaghatta, close to the depot.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Challaghatta residents lucky to get Bengaluru Metro connectivity thanks to land crunch at Kengeri|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2021/aug/27/challaghatta-residents-lucky-to-get-bengaluru-metro-connectivity-thanks-to-land-crunch-at-kengeri-2350639.html|access-date=2021-08-31|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

BMRCL floated tenders for the construction of the 15.5-km elevated stretch from [[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyyappanahalli]] to Whitefield railway station in December 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMRCL floats another tender for civil work on Whitefield corridor|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/585240/bmrcl-floats-another-tender-civil.html|access-date=7 March 2017|website=Deccan Herald|date=7 December 2016 }}</ref> Reach 1A is an 8.03 km section from [[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyyappanahalli]] to [[Seetharamapalya metro station|Seetharamapalya]], including six new stations, and is estimated to cost {{INR}} 670.72 crore. Reach 1B, the 7.21 km section from [[Kundalahalli metro station|Kundalahalli]] to [[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]], includes seven new stations and is estimated to cost {{INR}} 666.12 crore. [[Italian-Thai Development]] was awarded the contracts for both packages, for a sum of {{INRConvert|1300|c}} in May 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Italian firm ITD to Build Byappanahalli-Whitefield metro stretch|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/italian-firm-itd-to-build-byappanahalli-whitefield-metro-stretch/articleshow/58470548.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=3 May 2017|last1=Menezes |first1=Naveen }}</ref>

Around 270 buildings were demolished for the construction of Reach 1A and 1B. BMRC spent an estimated {{INR}} 849 crore to acquire properties. Demolition work began in March 2017, and construction work began in February 2018.<ref name = "BM Phase II length">{{cite web|title=BMRCL begins razing structures for metro to Whitefield|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/bmrcl-begins-razing-structures-for-metro-to-whitefield/articleshow/57979827.cms?|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Staff Reporter|title=Electronics City inches closer to being on metro map|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/Electronics-City-inches-closer-to-being-on-metro-map/article16791346.ece|website=The Hindu|date=10 December 2016 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Building demolition in progress for Whitefield Metro line|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/604586/building-demolition-progress-whitefield-metro.html|website=Deccan Herald|date=4 April 2017 |access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref>

The extension from Mysore Road to Kengeri towards the southwest opened on 30 August 2021<ref>{{cite news|date=2021-08-29|title=Namma Metro adds 6 stations to Purple Line|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-metros-extended-purple-line-on-mysuru-road-inaugurated/article36161802.ece|access-date=2021-08-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and the extension from [[Krishnarajapura metro station|Krishnarajapura]] to [[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]] towards the east opened on 26 March 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-25 |title=Whitefield (Kadugodi) to Krishnarajapura Metro Line: Route, fare, map other details |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/economy/whitefield-kadugodi-to-krishnarajapura-metro-line-route-fare-map-other-details-article-98992149 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

Later, trial runs began from Baiyappanahalli to Krishnarajapura with one station in between ([[Benniganahalli metro station|Benniganahalli]]) on 26 July 2023 and from Kengeri to [[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]] on 29 July 2023. On 9 October 2023, both the sections were opened for general use, making the whole line operational from [[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]] to [[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]].

===Phase III===

In November 2023, the Government of Karnataka announced that it planned to extend the Purple Line till [[Hoskote]], [[Bengaluru North District]] eastwards and [[Bidadi]] and [[Ramanagara]] district headquarter in [[Bengaluru South District| Bengaluru South (Ramanagara) District]] westwards in the future.<ref>https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/metro-will-be-extended-till-bidadi-d-k-shivakumar-2766608</ref>

==Stations==
{{Main|List of Namma Metro stations}}
{{Rapid transit OSM map|stroke-width=5|frame-align=right|system_qid=Q7261433|single_line=y|stations=y|stations_qid=Q7261433|frame-width=200|frame-height=200}}
There are currently 37 stations on the Purple Line. All underground stations were built using the [[cut-and-cover]] method. Most underground stations are 300 metres long and 25 metres wide, other than the interchange station at [[Majestic metro station|Majestic]], which is much larger.<ref name="Deccan Herald1"/>

Initially, there were no toilets at Namma Metro stations. BMRCL eventually listened to public demands for toilets and the metro's first toilets were opened at [[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyyappanahalli]] and Indiranagar stations on 21 June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1848356/report-at-metro-wanna-pee-pay-rs-3 |title=At Metro, wanna pee? Pay Rs 3 - Bangalore|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=28 September 2013}}</ref>

In September 2015, it was announced that the proposed Narayanapura metro station would be removed and the proposed Krishnarajapura metro station would be shifted by 295 metres to the west, due to difficulty in acquiring land in the area.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Namma-Metro-Phase-II-to-be-Realigned-at-2-Stations/2015/09/25/article3046464.ece| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926234452/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Namma-Metro-Phase-II-to-be-Realigned-at-2-Stations/2015/09/25/article3046464.ece| url-status=dead| archive-date=26 September 2015| title=Namma Metro Phase II to be Realigned at 2 Stations| website=The New Indian Express| date=25 September 2015| first=S.| last=Lalitha}}</ref> In April 2016, BMRCL revealed that Whitefield metro station, originally proposed to be located 200 metres away from [[Whitefield railway station (Bengaluru)|Whitefield railway station]], would be shifted to be directly opposite the railway station to provide easier connectivity between the metro station and railway station.<ref name="NIE1"/>

Yellow [[Tactile paving|tactile tiles]] are used at all stations to guide the visually impaired. The tiles start at the ramp and lead to the staircases and lifts.<ref>{{cite news|author=G. Ananthakrishnan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/linking-modes-of-commute/article4305038.ece |title=Linking modes of commute |work=The Hindu |date=14 January 2013 |access-date=4 March 2013 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

===Interchanges===
Passenger interchange facilities, connecting to other metro and railway lines, will be provided at the following stations:

* [[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]] (connects to the [[Whitefield railway station (Bengaluru)|Whitefield railway station]])
* [[Krishnarajapura metro station|Krishnarajapura]] (connects to the [[Blue Line (Namma Metro)|Blue Line]], which runs between [[Central Silk Board metro station|Central Silk Board]] and [[KIAL Terminals metro station|KIAL Terminals]], also connects to the [[Krishnarajapuram railway station]])
* [[Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station (Bengaluru)|Mahatma Gandhi Road]] (connects to the Pink Line, which runs between [[Nagawara metro station|Nagawara]] and [[Kalena Agrahara metro station|Kalena Agrahara]])
* [[Sir M. Visveshwaraya station, Central College metro station|Sir M. Visveshwaraya station, Central College]] (connects to the [[Red Line (Namma Metro)|Red Line]], which runs between [[Hebbala metro station|Hebbala]] and [[Sarjapura]])
* [[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic]] (connects to the [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]], which runs between [[Madavara metro station|Madavara]] and [[Silk Institute metro station|Silk Institute]], also connects to the [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru railway station]] and [[Kempegowda Bus Station]])
* [[Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna Railway Station metro station|Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna Railway Station]] (connects to the [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru railway station]])
* [[Hosahalli metro station|Hosahalli]] (connects to the [[Grey Line (Namma Metro)|Grey Line]], which runs between [[Hosahalli metro station|Hosahalli]] and Kadabagere)
* [[Mysuru Road metro station|Mysuru Road]] (connects to the [[Orange Line (Namma Metro)|Orange Line]], which runs between [[Kempapura metro station|Kempapura]] and [[JP Nagar 4th Phase metro station|JP Nagar 4th Phase]])

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" align="center" style="background:#{{rcr|Namma Metro|Purple}};" |'''Purple Line'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |#
! colspan="2" |Station name
! rowspan="2" |Opening
! rowspan="2" |Connections
! rowspan="2" |Station type
! rowspan="2" |Platform type
|-
![[English language|English]]||[[Kannada]]
|-
|1|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]|| [[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|ವೈಟ್‌ಫೀಲ್ಡ್ (ಕಾಡುಗೋಡಿ)]]||26 March 2023
|{{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Whitefield (Bangalore) railway station|Whitefield]] {{rint|bus}} Kadugodi TTMC
|Elevated
|Side
|-
|2|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hopefarm Channasandra metro station|Hopefarm Channasandra]]||[[Hopefarm Channasandra metro station|ಹೋಪ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಚನ್ನಸಂದ್ರ]]
|26 March 2023
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|3|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Kadugodi Tree Park metro station|Kadugodi Tree Park]]||[[Kadugodi Tree Park metro station|ಕಾಡುಗೋಡಿ ಟ್ರೀ ಪಾರ್ಕ್]]
|26 March 2023
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|4|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Pattandur Agrahara metro station|Pattandur Agrahara]]||[[Pattandur Agrahara metro station|ಪಟ್ಟಂದೂರು ಅಗ್ರಹಾರ]]
|26 March 2023
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|5|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Sri Sathya Sai Hospital}}||[[Sri Sathya Sai Hospital metro station|ಶ್ರೀ ಸತ್ಯ ಸಾಯಿ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ]]
|26 March 2023
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|6|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Nallurhalli}}||[[Nallurhalli metro station|ನಲ್ಲೂರುಹಳ್ಳಿ]]
|26 March 2023
|{{rint|bus}} Whitefield TTMC||Elevated
|Side
|-
|7|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Kundalahalli}}||[[Kundalahalli metro station|ಕುಂದಲಹಳ್ಳಿ]]
|26 March 2023
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|8|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Seetharamapalya metro station|Seetharampalya]]||[[Seetharamapalya metro station|ಸೀತಾರಾಮ ಪಾಳ್ಯ]]
|26 March 2023
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|9|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hoodi metro station|Hoodi]]||[[Hoodi metro station|ಹೂಡಿ]]
|26 March 2023
|{{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Hoodi Halt railway station|Hoodi Halt]]||Elevated
|Side
|-
|10|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Garudacharpalya metro station|Garudacharpalya]]||[[Garudacharpalya metro station|ಗರುಡಾಚಾರ್‍‍ಪಾಳ್ಯ]]
|26 March 2023
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|11|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Singayyanapalya metro station|Singayyanapalya]]||[[Singayyanapalya metro station|ಸಿಂಗಯ್ಯನಪಾಳ್ಯ]]
|26 March 2023
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|12|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Krishnarajapura metro station|Krishnarajapura (K.R.Pura)]]||[[Krishnarajapura metro station|ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾಜಪುರ (ಕೆ.ಆರ್.ಪುರ)]]
|26 March 2023
|{{rcb|Namma Metro|Blue|croute}} (''Under Construction'') {{ric|Indian Railways}} {{stnlnk|Krishnarajapuram}}
|Elevated
|Side
|-
|13|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Benniganahalli metro station|Benniganahalli]]||[[Benniganahalli metro station|ಬೆನ್ನಿಗಾನಹಳ್ಳಿ]]
|9 October 2023
|
|Elevated
|Side
|-
|14|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyappanahalli]]||[[Baiyappanahalli metro station|ಬೈಯ್ಯಪ್ಪನಹಳ್ಳಿ]]|| 20 October 2011 ||{{ric|Indian Railways}} {{stnlnk|Baiyyappanahalli}}
|At Grade
|Side
|-
|15|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Swami Vivekananda Road metro station|Swami Vivekananda Road]]||[[Swami Vivekananda Road metro station|ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ವಿವೇಕಾನಂದ ರಸ್ತೆ]]|| 20 October 2011 || ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|16|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Indira Nagar metro station (Bengaluru)|Indiranagar]]||[[Indira Nagar metro station (Bengaluru)|ಇಂದಿರಾನಗರ]]|| 20 October 2011 || ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|17|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Halasuru metro station|Halasuru]]||[[Halasuru metro station|ಹಲಸೂರು]]|| 20 October 2011 || ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|18|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Trinity metro station|Trinity]]||[[Trinity metro station|ಟ್ರಿನಿಟಿ]]|| 20 October 2011 || ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|19|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station (Bangalore)|Mahatma Gandhi Road]]|| [[Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station (Bengaluru)|ಮಹಾತ್ಮಾ ಗಾಂಧಿ ರಸ್ತೆ]]|| 20 October 2011 ||{{rcb|Namma Metro|Pink|croute}} (''Under Construction'')||Elevated
|Side
|-
|20|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Cubbon Park metro station|Cubbon Park]]|| [[Cubbon Park metro station|ಕಬ್ಬನ್ ಪಾರ್ಕ್]]|| 30 April 2016 || ||Underground
|Island
|-
|21|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Station, Vidhana Soudha metro station|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Station, Vidhana Soudha]]||[[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Station, Vidhana Soudha metro station|ಡಾ. ಬಿ ಆರ್ ಅಂಬೇಡ್ಕರ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ, ವಿಧಾನ ಸೌಧ]]|| 30 April 2016 || ||Underground
|Island
|-
|22|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sir M. Visveshwaraya station, Central College metro station|Sir M. Visvesvaraya Station, Central College]]||[[Sir M. Visveshwaraya station, Central College metro station|ಸರ್ ಎಂ. ವಿಶ್ವೇಶ್ವರಯ್ಯ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ, ಸೆಂಟ್ರಲ್ ಕಾಲೇಜು]]|| 30 April 2016 ||{{rcb|Namma Metro|Red|croute}} (''Approved'') ||Underground
|Island
|-
|23|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda Station, Majestic]]||[[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|ನಾಡಪ್ರಭು ಕೆಂಪೇಗೌಡ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ, ಮೆಜೆಸ್ಟಿಕ್]]|| 30 April 2016 ||{{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}} {{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru]] {{rint|bus}} [[Kempegowda Bus Station]]
|Underground
|{{Abbr|Side|Purple Line under Namma Metro}} & {{Abbr|Island|Green Line under Namma Metro}}
|-
|24|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna Railway Station metro station|Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna Railway Station]]||[[Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna Railway Station metro station|ಕ್ರಾಂತಿವೀರ ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ ರೈಲು ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ]]|| 30 April 2016 ||{{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Bengaluru City railway station|KSR Bengaluru]]
||Underground
|Island
|-
|25|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Magadi Road metro station|Magadi Road]]||[[Magadi Road metro station|ಮಾಗಡಿ ರಸ್ತೆ]]|| 16 November 2015 || ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|26|| style="text-align:center;"| [[Hosahalli metro station|Sri Balagangadharanatha Swamiji Station, Hosahalli]]||[[Hosahalli metro station|ಶ್ರೀ ಬಾಲಗಂಗಾಧರನಾಥ ಸ್ವಾಮೀಜಿ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ, ಹೊಸಹಳ್ಳಿ]]|| 16 November 2015 ||{{rcb|Namma Metro|Grey|croute}} (''Approved'')||Elevated
|Side
|-
|27|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Vijayanagar metro station|Vijayanagara]]||[[Vijayanagar metro station|ವಿಜಯನಗರ]]|| 16 November 2015 || ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|28|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Attiguppe metro station|Attiguppe]]||[[Attiguppe metro station|ಅತ್ತಿಗುಪ್ಪೆ]]|| 16 November 2015 ||{{rint|bus}} Vijayanagara TTMC||Elevated
|Side
|-
|29|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Deepanjali Nagar metro station|Deepanjali Nagar]]||[[Deepanjali Nagar metro station|ದೀಪಾಂಜಲಿ ನಗರ]]|| 16 November 2015 || ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|30|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mysuru Road metro station|Mysuru Road]]||[[Mysuru Road metro station|ಮೈಸೂರು ರಸ್ತೆ]]|| 16 November 2015 ||{{rcb|Namma Metro|Orange|croute}} (''Phase III'')||Elevated
|Side
|-
|31|| style="text-align:center;" |[[Pantharapalya–Nayandahalli metro station|Pantharapalya - Nayandahalli]]||[[Pantharapalya–Nayandahalli metro station|ಪಂತರಪಾಳ್ಯ - ನಾಯಂಡಹಳ್ಳಿ]]||30 August 2021
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|32|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Rajarajeshwari Nagar}}||[[Rajarajeshwari Nagar metro station|ರಾಜರಾಜೇಶ್ವರಿ ನಗರ]]||30 August 2021
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|33|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Jnanabharathi}}||[[Jnanabharathi metro station|ಜ್ಞಾನಭಾರತಿ]]||30 August 2021
|{{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Jnanabharati Halt railway station|Jnanabharathi Halt]]
||Elevated
|Side
|-
|34|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Pattanagere}}||[[Pattanagere metro station|ಪಟ್ಟಣಗರೆ]]||30 August 2021
| ||Elevated
|Side
|-
|35|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Kengeri Bus Terminal}}||[[Kengeri Bus Terminal metro station|ಕೆಂಗೇರಿ ಬಸ್ ಟರ್ಮಿನಲ್]]||30 August 2021
|{{rint|bus}} Kengeri TTMC||Elevated
|Side
|-
|36|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Kengeri}}||[[Kengeri metro station|ಕೆಂಗೇರಿ]]|| 30 August 2021
|{{ric|Indian Railways}} {{stnlnk|Kengeri}}
||Elevated
|Side
|-
|37|| style="text-align:center;" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}}||[[Challaghatta metro station|ಚಲ್ಲಘಟ್ಟ]]||9 October 2023|| ||Elevated
|Side
|}
{{stack|[[File:Namma Metro coach interior.jpg|thumb|right|Interior of the Metro coach]][[File:Metro first day rush.jpg|thumb|right|Interior of the Metro coach on inauguration day]]}}

==Infrastructure==
===Rolling stock===
[[File:Namma Metro's Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Livery.jpg|thumb|227x227px|Special Livery of this line with the slogan "'''''75 Years of [[75th Anniversary of Indian Independence|Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav]]'''''"]]
BMRC procured 150 metro coaches for fifty 3-car train sets for Phase l of Namma Metro from [[BEML]]-[[Hyundai Rotem]] at a cost of ₹1,672.50 crore (₹16.72 billion).<ref>{{Cite web|title=BEML bags Rs 1,672-cr Metro Rail order|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2009/feb/10beml-bags-rs-1672-cr-metro-rail-order.htm|access-date=6 September 2020|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> Coaches were {{Convert|20.8|m|ft}} long, {{Convert|2.88|m|ft}} wide and {{Convert|3.8|m|ft}} high. Each coach has a seating capacity of about 50 and standing capacity of approximately 306, making each train have a capacity of about 1000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Train Every 3 Minutes Also Possible|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Train-Every-3-Minutes-Also-Possible/2016/04/28/article3403991.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429115900/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Train-Every-3-Minutes-Also-Possible/2016/04/28/article3403991.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 April 2016|access-date=28 April 2016|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Traction was through four 180 kW motors in each motor coach. The trains have a maximum speed of 80 km/h, axle load of 15 tonnes, and operate on 750 volt [[direct current]] with [[third rail]] power collection. The coaches are made of stainless steel and are fully air-conditioned, and contain longitudinal banks of seats, wide vestibules between coaches, non-skid and non-slip floor surfaces, four wide passenger access doors on each side, an automatic voice announcement system and electronic information and destination displays.

Initial operations on the Purple Line began with twenty-one 3-coach trains. As loads increased with increasing ridership, all trains were converted to six coaches.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All 42 trains now have 6 coaches|website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bengaluru-all-42-trains-now-have-6-coaches-commuters-want-better-frequency/articleshow/73752955.cms}}</ref> The first six car train was introduced on the Purple Line on 23 June 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Second six-coach Namma Metro train flagged off - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chief-minister-inaugurates-namma-metros-second-six-car-train-fob-at-majestic/articleshow/66066656.cms|access-date=24 January 2019|website=The Times of India|date=4 October 2018 }}</ref> The additional coaches were supplied by BEML at a cost of Rs 8.8 crore each.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengaluru: Six-coach trains to double capacity of Namma Metro|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/06/23/bengaluru-six-coach-trains-double-namma-metro.html|access-date=6 September 2020|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref>

===Signaling===
In September 2009, a consortium led by [[Alstom]] Project India Limited was awarded a contract worth {{INRConvert|563.4|c|1}} to supply control and signalling system for the first phase of the project. The consortium is led by Alstom and composed of Alstom Transport SA, [[Thales Group]] Portugal S A and [[Sumitomo Corporation]]. Alstom will provide the design, manufacture, supply, installing, testing and commissioning of the train control and signalling system and Thales will provide the design, installing, testing and commissioning of the telecommunication system for Phase I of the metro system. It includes the Urbalis 200 Automatic Train Control system which will ensure optimal safety, flexible operations and heightened passenger comfort.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alstom.com/home/news/news/business_news/60752.EN.php?languageId=EN&dir=/home/news/news/business_news/ |work=Alstom |title=Alstom will provide train control and signalling system for the new Bangalore metro network in India |access-date=2 October 2011 }} {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/alstom-led-consortium-in-pactbangalore-metro/370404/|title=Alstom-led consortium in pact with Bangalore Metro|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=18 September 2009|access-date=3 May 2010}}</ref>

The integrated control centre at [[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyyappanahalli]] has direct communication with trains and stations, which are fitted with [[CCTV]] with visual and audio service information.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/namma-metro-is-a-geek-train/articleshow/10372596.cms |title=NAMMA-METRO-IS-A-GEEK-TRAIN |work=The Times of India |date=16 October 2011 |access-date=21 October 2011}}</ref>

==Operations==

===Frequency===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="13" style="background:#{{rcr|Namma Metro|Purple}};" | '''Frequency'''
|-
! colspan="8" style="background:#{{rcr|Namma Metro|Purple}};" | '''General Services'''
! colspan="5" style="background:#{{rcr|Namma Metro|Purple}};" | '''Short Loop Services'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |Origin Station
! rowspan="2" |Terminal Station
! colspan="3" |Monday & 1st/3rd/5th Saturday
! colspan="3" |Sunday
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |From & To
! colspan="3" |Monday & 1st/3rd/5th Saturday
|-
!From
!To
!Frequency
!From
!To
!Frequency
!From
!To
!Frequency (Average)
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]
| rowspan="5" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}}
|05:00
|05:20
|20 Minutes
|7:00
|10:33
|10 Minutes
|[[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Majestic]]
|[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]
|8:44
|10:24
|3.3 Minutes
|-
|05:20
|10:57
|10 Minutes
|10:33
|20:01
|8 Minutes
|[[Mysuru Road metro station|Mysuru Road]]
|[[Garudacharpalya metro station|Garudacharpalya]]
|7:48
|9:01
|10 Minutes
|-
|10:57
|15:21
|8 Minutes
|20:01
|22:31
|10 Minutes
|[[Pattandur Agrahara metro station|Pattandur Agrahara]]
|[[Mysuru Road metro station|Mysuru Road]]
|17:56
|19:56
|5 Minutes
|-
|15:21
|22:01
|10 Minutes
|22:31
|22:45
|14 Minutes
|[[Baiyappanahalli metro station|Baiyappanahalli]]
|[[Mysuru Road metro station|Mysuru Road]]
|16:19
|20:19
|5 Minutes
|-
|22:01
|22:45
|15 Minutes
| colspan="3" |
! colspan="5" style="background:#{{rcr|Namma Metro|Purple}};" | '''General Services'''
|-
| rowspan="6" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}}
| rowspan="6" |[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]
|05:00
|05:20
|20 Minutes
|7:00
|7:50
|15 Minutes
! rowspan="2" |Origin Station
! rowspan="2" |Terminal Station
! colspan="3" |Public holidays & 2nd/4th Saturday
|-
|05:20
|06:00
|15 Minutes
|7:50
|12:00
|10 Minutes
!From
!To
!Frequency
|-
|06:00
|06:54
|11 Minutes
|12:00
|21:38
|8 Minutes
| rowspan="4" |[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]
| rowspan="4" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}}
|5:00
|7:14
|10 Minutes
|-
|06:54
|12:20
|10 Minutes
|21:38
|23:05
|10 Minutes
|7:14
|20:01
|8 Minutes
|-
|12:20
|16:45
|8 Minutes
| colspan="3" rowspan="7" |
|20:01
|22:31
|10 Minutes
|-
|16:45
|23:05
|10 Minutes
|22:31
|22:45
|14 Minutes
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Garudacharpalya metro station|Garudacharpalya]]
| rowspan="3" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}}
|06:53
|10:55
|5 Minutes
| rowspan="3" |{{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]
|5:00
|8:56
|10 Minutes
|-
|10:55
|17:10
|5 Minutes
|8:56
|21:38
|8 Minutes
|-
|17:10
|20:10
|5 Minutes
|21:38
|23:05
|10 Minutes
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Mysuru Road metro station|Mysuru Road]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]
|07:22
|10:22
|5 Minutes
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" |
|-
|17:02
|21:02
|5 Minutes
|}

The metro service runs from 5 am and 12 am daily. The end-to-end travel time on a Purple Line train is 82 minutes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Get ready to crisscross Bengaluru in 33 mins - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Get-ready-to-crisscross-Bengaluru-in-33-mins/articleshow/52004223.cms|website=The Times of India|date=27 April 2016 |access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> From 7 November 2016, Purple Line trains began running at an interval of every 4 minutes between 9:10 am and 9:58 am to handle rising passenger traffic during morning peak hour; this timing was later withdrawn as the trains were not operating at optimal capacity.<ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/BMRC-hoping-to-finish-work-on-Sampige-Road-Puttenahalli-line-ahead-of-April-2017-deadline/articleshow/55252282.cms|title=sampige road-puttenahalli: BMRC hoping to finish work on Sampige Road-Puttenahalli line ahead of April 2017 deadline | Bengaluru News|website=The Times of India|date=5 November 2016|access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> From 27 February 2017, the BMRC introduced a new time-table for weekdays. Headways on the line was changed to 4 minutes from 08:30 to 09:10, 7 minutes from 07:00 to 08:30 and 09:10 to 10:40, 8 minutes from 16:00 to 20:40 and 15 minutes at all other times.<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=28 February 2017|title=Passengers welcome higher Namma Metro frequency|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/passengers-welcome-higher-namma-metro-frequency/article17380076.ece|access-date=6 September 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Metro services have occasionally operated beyond 22:00 hours. Services are usually extended on festival days or when an international cricket match is being held in Bengaluru.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bangalore, 22 Dec 2012, DHNS |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/300329/bar-timings-relaxed-revellers.html |title=Bar timings relaxed for revellers |work=Deccan Herald|date=22 December 2012 |access-date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Metro-to-run-till-midnight-today-tomorrow/articleshow/17738245.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126115250/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-24/bangalore/35990901_1_bmrc-namma-metro-2am |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Metro to run till midnight today, tomorrow |date=24 December 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=6 June 2013}}</ref>
===Speed===
The system is designed for a maximum train speed of 80 km/h. However, the [[Research Design and Standards Organization]] (RDSO) fixed the speed at which trains are allowed to commercially operate at 67.50 km/h on straight sections, 35 km/h on curves, and 45 km/h in stations.<ref>{{cite web|author=Chethan Kumar, Bangalore, 22 May 2013, DHNS |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/334060/rdso-no-hurry-allow-metro.html |title=RDSO in no hurry to allow Metro to up speed |work=Deccan Herald|date=22 May 2013 |access-date=6 June 2013}}</ref> The maximum permitted speed on the underground section is 40 km/h. Purple Line trains usually operate at speeds of 38–40 km/h. According to metro authorities, the trains require more than 400 metres to accelerate from, or decelerate to a halt. As the inter-station distance on the line is about 1 km, the trains have limited time to run at higher speeds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Metro to run at 40 km per hour on underground section|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/543131/metro-run-40-km-per.html|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref>

===Fare collection===
The fare between both termini of the Purple Line is {{INRConvert|90}}. Commuters who pay using smart cards receive a 5% discount per transaction.

As of April 2016, 37.59% of commuters on the Purple Line use smart cards, while the rest purchase tokens.<ref name="indiatimes3">{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Metro-on-a-smartcard-roll/articleshow/51800584.cms|website=bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com|title=Metro on a smartcard roll|date=13 April 2016|author=Suchith Kidiyoor|access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref>

===Safety===
All stations on the line have 4 emergency exits, and Majestic station has 18 emergency exits. Stations have been built to withstand zone III earthquakes. The tunnels are equipped with walkways to help passengers to disembark from a train and walk to the nearest station in case of a technical failure. The underground section is also equipped with 5 cross-passages that will enable passengers to move between tunnels, in case a tunnel section fills up with smoke. There are three tunnel cross-passages between Majestic and Sir M Visvesvaraya metro station, and one each between Vidhana Soudha and Central College, and Majestic and City Railway station. All stations were built with flame retardant materials, and have 100,000 litres of water stored on-site for use in case of a fire.<ref>{{cite web|title=From today, Metro's on a roll; it's safe too - Bangalore Mirror -|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/From-today-Metros-on-a-roll-its-safe-too/articleshow/52032027.cms|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref>

Namma Metro has a dedicated fire team to take care of operations and maintenance of the firefighting system installed in metro stations. They conduct regular mock exercises and liaison with the state fire department for any assistance in case of a fire emergency.

==See also==
*[[Namma Metro]]
** [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]]
** [[Yellow Line (Namma Metro)|Yellow Line]]
** [[Pink Line (Namma Metro)|Pink Line]]
** [[Blue Line (Namma Metro)|Blue Line]]
** [[Orange Line (Namma Metro)|Orange Line]]
** [[Grey Line (Namma Metro)|Grey Line]]
** [[Red Line (Namma Metro)|Red Line]]
** [[Aqua Line (Namma Metro)|Inner Ring Line]]
* [[List of Namma Metro stations]]
* [[Rapid transit in India]]
* [[List of metro systems]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in Official site]
{{commons category}}

{{Namma Metro|purple line=yes}}

{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:Namma Metro lines]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2011]]
[[Category:Japan International Cooperation Agency]]
[[Category:750 V DC railway electrification]]

Raichur Rural Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:33:24Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created new info

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Raichur Rural
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 53
| map_image = 53-Raichur Rural constituency.svg
| mla = [[Basanagouda Daddal]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Thipparaju Hawaldar
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Raichur district|Raichur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Raichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raichur]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| electors = {{formatnum:229071}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}
'''Raichur Rural Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=14assemblymemberslist>{{cite web |url=http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/14assemblymemberslist.htm |title=Fourteenth Karnataka Legislative Assembly |website=kla.kar.nic.in |publisher=[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] |access-date= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Raichur district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. As of 2023, it is represented by Basanagouda Daddal of the [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2028|7}}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Raja Rayappa Naik || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || Thipparaju || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan="2" | [[Basanagouda Daddal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Raichur Rural <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Raichur Rural">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Raichur Rural |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1054.htm?ac=54 |access-date=21 April 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421065700/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1054.htm?ac=54 |archive-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Basanagouda Daddal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 89,140 |percentage = 51.42% |change = {{increase}}10.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tipparaju Hawaldar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 75,283 |percentage = 43.43% |change = {{increase}}8.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Narasimha Nayak |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 4,127 |percentage = 2.38% |change = {{decrease}}18.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shubhashchandra Sambaji |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,535 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,456 |percentage = 0.84% |change = {{decrease}}0.28 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,857 |percentage = 7.99% |change = {{increase}}1.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 173,410 |percentage = 75.70% |change = {{increase}}6.41 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 173,361}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 229,071 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.88 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}10.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Raichur Rural <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 4 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="Raichur Rural Constituency Election Results 2018">{{cite news |title=Raichur Rural Constituency Election Results 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/raichur-rural-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99738673.cms |accessdate=21 April 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=13 May 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421074046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/raichur-rural-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99738673.cms |archivedate=21 April 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Basanagouda Daddal]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 66,656 |percentage = 41.23% |change = {{decrease}}6.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tipparaju Hawaldar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 56,692 |percentage = 35.06% |change = {{decrease}}15.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ravi Kumar Patil |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 34,250 |percentage = 21.18% |change = {{decrease}}0.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,806 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramayya Nayaka |party = All India Mahila Empowerment Party |votes = 1,273 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Huligemma Shivaraj Ghante |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,004 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,964 |percentage = 6.16% |change = {{increase}}2.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 161,770 |percentage = 69.29% |change = {{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 161,681}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 233,464 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.33 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Raichur Rural <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Thipparaju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 50,497 |percentage = 50.86% |change = {{increase}}23.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raja Rayappa Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,227 |percentage = 47.57% |change = {{increase}}14.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raja Amareshwara Naik |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 21,584 |percentage = 21.74% |change = {{decrease}}9.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Mallesh Naik |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 5,861 |percentage = 5.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijayalakshmi Madapanura |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,568 |percentage = 2.59% |change = {{decrease}}5.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chinnayya Naik |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,529 |percentage = 2.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anjanayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,258 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lalappa Naik |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star |votes = 889 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Swamy |party = National People's Party |votes = 854 |percentage = 0.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,270 |percentage = 3.29% |change = {{increase}}1.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 134,750 |percentage = 68.87% |change = {{increase}}12.58 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,286}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 195,648 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.28 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}17.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Raichur Rural <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Raja Rayappa Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,432 |percentage = 32.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raja Rangappa Naik |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 32,555 |percentage = 31.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Basanagouda Daddal]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,097 |percentage = 27.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. Shanthappa |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 8,499 |percentage = 8.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,877 |percentage = 1.79% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 104,603 |percentage = 56.29% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 104,583}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,830 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Raichur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}
[[Category:Raichur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Raichur]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]
{{coord|16.22|77.36|display=title}}

Niranjan Debbarma

2026-04-11T11:23:03Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created a details

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Niranjan Debbarma
| image =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1977-1983
| term_end = 1993-2003
| predecessor =
| successor = *1983 [[Budha Debbarma]]
*2003 [[Ashok Debbarma]]
| constituency = [[Golaghati Assembly constituency|Golaghati]]
| office1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|09 March 2008]]
| term_end1 = 2018
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 = [[N. C. Debbarma]]
| constituency1 = [[Takarjala Assembly constituency|Takarjala]]
| birth_name =
| spouse =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Tripura]], India
| parents =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| other_party =
| alma_mater =
}}

'''Niranjan Debbarma''' is a [[Tripuri people|Tipra]] Indian politician from [[Tripura]] who won the elections of 1977, 1993, 1998, 2008 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/tripura/2008/takarjala/|title=Takarjala Assembly Election 2008|website=Lastly}}</ref> and 2013 as a candidate of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/tripura/2013/takarjala/|title=Takarjala Assembly Election 2013|website=Lastly}}</ref> He was [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Golaghati Assembly constituency|Golaghati]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/golaghati-tripura-assembly-constituency|title=List of all MLA from Golaghati Assembly Constituency Seat(Tripura)|website=Result University|access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> in 1977, 1993,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/1993-election-results.html|title=Tripura Assembly Election Results in 1993|website=Elections India|access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> 1998<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/1998-election-results.html|title=Tripura Assembly Election Results in 1998|website=Elections India|access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Takarjala Assembly constituency|Takarjala]] in 2008 and 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/takarjala-tripura-assembly-constituency|title=List of all MLA from Takarjala Assembly Constituency Seat (Tripura)|website=Result University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/2013-election-results.html|title=List of Successful Candidates in Tripura Assembly Election in 2013|website=Elections India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/tripura2013/index.php?action=show_winners&sort=edu|title=List of Winners in Tripura 2013|website=National Election Watch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tripurainfoway.com/cms/tripura-assembly-election/|title=Tripura Assembly Elections 2013: Complete Winner List|website=Tripura Infoway}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://infoelections.com/infoelection/ne/775-tripura-assembly-election-result-2013-constituency-wise.html|title=Tripura Assembly Election Result 2013|website=Info Election}}</ref>

He is one of the leaders of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Debbarma, Niranjan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1977–1983]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Pushkar Sohoni

2026-04-10T04:59:16Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created entry

{{Short description|Indian architect}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox academic
| honorific_prefix = 
| name = Pushkar Sohoni
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1976}}
| birth_place = Pune
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| other_names =
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| period =
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| title =
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| spouse =
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| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| awards = 
| website =
| education = Ph.D. (2010) M.S. (2002) B.Arch. (1999)
| alma_mater = [[University of Pennsylvania]], Philadelphia [[University of Pune]], Pune
| thesis_title =
| thesis_year =
| school_tradition =
| doctoral_advisor = [[Michael W. Meister]]
| academic_advisors = [[Renata Holod]], [[Daud Ali]]
| influences = 
| era =
| discipline = [[History of art]] [[History of architecture]] [[Archeology]]
| sub_discipline = 
| workplaces = [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]], [[University of Pennsylvania]], Philadelphia [[University of British Columbia]], Vancouver [[University of the Arts, Philadelphia]] [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]], Philadelphia
| doctoral_students = 
| notable_students = 
| main_interests =
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}}
'''Pushkar Sohoni''' is an architect, and an architectural and cultural historian. He is a Professor in the Department of [[Humanities]] and [[Social Sciences]] at the [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Faculty Details|url=http://www.iisersystem.ac.in/people/faculty-details/727|website=The IISER System|publisher=Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Ashwin |title=A Church with History |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/a-church-with-history/articleshow/63388181.cms |website=Pune Mirror |date=21 March 2018 |publisher=Times of india}}</ref> He was chair of the department from 2019 to 2024.

==Education==

Pushkar Sohoni attended Loyola High School (Pune). After graduating with a [[Bachelor of Architecture]] (B.Arch.) degree from the [[University of Pune]] in 1999, he attended the [[University of Pennsylvania School of Design]] (then known as the Graduate School of Fine Arts) to get a [[Master of Science]] (M.S.) in Historic Preservation. In 2002, he wrote a Master's Thesis under the guidance of Prof. Frank Matero on preservation policy for the city walls of Cairo.<ref>{{cite thesis|title=Evaluation of Conservation Plans of City Walls for the Potential Development of Conservation Guidelines for the City Wall of Cairo Through Comparative Studies|url=http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/337/|journal=Theses (Historic Preservation)|access-date=3 November 2017|date=January 2002|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar}}</ref> From 2002, he was in the [https://arth.sas.upenn.edu/ Department of History of Art] of the [[University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences]] while being a Graduate Advisor in [[Quadrangle Dormitories (University of Pennsylvania)|Fisher-Hassenfeld College House]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=H i s t o r y o f A r t - PDF Free Download|url=https://docplayer.net/53764652-H-i-s-t-o-r-y-o-f-a-r-t.html|access-date=2021-11-30|website=docplayer.net}}</ref> In 2010, he received his doctoral degree (Ph.D.) from the [[University of Pennsylvania]] for his dissertation on the architecture of the [[Nizam Shahi dynasty]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Local idioms and global designs: Architecture of the Nizam Shahs|pages=1–481|url=http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3429156/|website=Scholarly Commons|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Libraries|access-date=3 November 2017|ref=Dissertations available from ProQuest. AAI3429156.|date=January 2010|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sardar|first1=Marika|title=Architecture of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate|url=http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/2071|website=Dissertation Reviews|access-date=3 November 2017|date=2012-10-30}}</ref> He worked under the supervision of Prof. [[Michael W. Meister]] and Prof. [[Renata Holod]]. Pushkar Sohoni was the post-doctoral fellow for Indo-Persian Studies in the [https://asia.ubc.ca Department of Asian Studies] at the [[University of British Columbia]] in 2010–2011, where he was a resident of [[Green College, University of British Columbia|Green College]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Studies|first1=University of British Columbia Department of Asian|date=October 2010|title=Q&A with New Faculty|journal=Asian Edge: A Newsletter for Alumni and Friends of UBC Asian Studies|volume=Fall 2010|page=6|doi=10.14288/1.0041714|hdl=2429/36375}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Post-doctoral scholars|url=https://greencollege.ubc.ca/sites/greencollege.ubc.ca/files/publications/annualreports/2010-11%20Annual%20Report_2%20PG%20WEB%20DISPLAY.pdf|journal=Green College Annual Report|volume=2010-11|page=31}}</ref>

==Experience==
In October 2016, Pushkar Sohoni joined the [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]] as an assistant professor, and became an associate professor in 2019, and a professor in 2025.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pushkar Sohoni|url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/people/faculty-details/163|website=IISER Faculty Details|publisher=Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> Before that, he worked as the South Asia Bibliographer and Librarian at the [[University of Pennsylvania Libraries]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Penn Libraries Appointments |journal=Penn Almanac |date=27 September 2011 |volume=58 |issue=5 |page=8 |url=https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/volumes/v58/n05/pdf_n05/092711.pdf |access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pushkar Sohoni: South Asian Studies Librarian|url=http://gethelp.library.upenn.edu/contact/subjspec/sohoni.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020134554/http://gethelp.library.upenn.edu/contact/subjspec/sohoni.html|archive-date=2011-10-20|access-date=2014-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Asif |first1=Manan Ahmed |title=Technologies of Power - From Areas Studies to Data Sciences |journal=Spheres: Journal for Digital Cultures |date=November 2019 |volume=6 |doi=10.7916/d8-kka4-q561 |url=http://spheres-journal.org/technologies-of-power-from-area-studies-to-data-sciences/ |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghosh|first1=Avijit|title=A Philadelphia Story|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/A-philadelphia-story/articleshow/47144233.cms|access-date=3 November 2017|work=The Times of India|date=4 May 2015}}</ref> and a lecturer in the Department of South Asian Studies from 2011 to 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Joe |title=Some Penn Graduates never leave |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2015/04/some-penn-graduates-seek-employment-on-campus |access-date=22 April 2021 |work=The Daily Pennsylvanian |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |date=20 April 2015}}</ref> In this period, Pushkar Sohoni was in charge of the [[South Asia Collection at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries]], and wrote a "widely circulated blog post" on collecting practices for libraries.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thacker |first1=Mara |title=Challenges, Opportunities, and Best Practices in Overseas Buying Trips: An Interview Study Focusing on South Asia Specialists |journal=Library Resources & Technical Services |date=2017 |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=70–80|doi=10.5860/lrts.61n2.70 |doi-access=free }}</ref> He was on the advisory board of the Title VI South Asia Center.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.southasiacenter.upenn.edu/people/pushkar-sohoni | title=Pushkar Sohoni | South Asia Center}}</ref> Pushkar Sohoni also served as a member of the Committee on South Asian Libraries and Documentation (CONSALD),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://consald.org/node/606|website=CONSALD|title=Pushkar Sohoni|access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref> and was on the executive board of the South Asia Materials Project (SAMP) from 2013 to 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Simon|first1=James|title=Primary Sourcing: Traveling for Collection Development|url=https://sites.utexas.edu/iasc21/2015/08/24/primary-sourcing-traveling-for-collection-development/|website=International and Area Studies Collections In the 21st Century|date=24 August 2015 |publisher=University of Texas, Austin|access-date=13 November 2017}}</ref> In 2017–18, he was a visiting associate professor at [[Anant National University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty |url=http://anu.edu.in/faculty/pushkar_sohoni/ |website=Anant National University |access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhargava |first1=Anjuli |title=Designing a better future for India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/designing-a-better-future-for-india-117120200053_1.html |access-date=27 March 2019 |publisher=Business Standard |date=4 December 2017}}</ref> His work on the palaces of the Nizam Shahs has been cited in several popular and scholarly articles and essays.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/how-16th-century-ahmednagar-palace-in-maharashtra-stayed-cool-in-summer/story-qAKzMj36SLpmGDxcIB5lwL.html|title=How 16th-century Ahmednagar palace in Maharashtra stayed cool in summer|last1=Fernandes|first1=Snehal|date=26 May 2019|work=Hindustan Times (Delhi)|access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> He has also written about language, scripts, numismatics, and material culture.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malli |first1=Karthik |title=The Death of a Script |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/the-death-of-a-script/article27021831.ece |access-date=11 July 2019 |agency=The Hindu |date=3 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghosh |first1=Deepanjan |title=Murshidabad's Temple with a Maratha Connection|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/history-daily/2020/05/13/murshidabad-a-bengal-temple-with-a-maharashtra-connection |website=History Daily |publisher=Live History India |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=करंबेळकर|first=ओंकार|date=3 January 2021|title=औरंगाबाद, संभाजीनगरः औरंगाबादचं आजवर कितीवेळा नाव बदललंय हे तुम्हाला माहिती आहे का?|work=BBC मराठी|url=https://www.bbc.com/marathi/india-55517840|access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
 Pushkar Sohoni often speaks at public events, and has led heritage walks.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sayeed |first1=Vikhar Ahmed |title=A Story, Less Known |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/a-story-less-known/article30575866.ece |access-date=18 January 2020 |agency=The Hindu |date=16 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Marar |first1=Anjali |title=Pune Residents Commemorate Hundred Years of World War ! |url=http://epaper.indianexpress.com/c/33890471 |access-date=12 November 2018 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=12 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Tathagata |title=WWI Martyrs hailed at Khadki cemetery |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/wwi-martyrs-hailed-at-khadki-cemetery/articleshow/66582290.cms |access-date=12 November 2018 |publisher=The Pune Mirror |date=12 November 2018}}</ref> He often speaks on the local history of Pune.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Kimaya |title=A Revolutionary Plot |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/a-revolutionary-plot/articleshow/70517551.cms |access-date=5 August 2019 |publisher=Pune Mirror |date=4 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Ashwin |title=A Church with History |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/a-church-with-history/articleshow/63388181.cms |access-date=12 November 2018 |publisher=Pune Mirror |date=21 March 2018}}</ref> Dr. Sohoni has lectured extensively on the architecture of the Deccan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Institute Colloquium |url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/events/Architecture+as+Evidence+of+Cultural+Continuities |website=Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune |access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Attend a Talk |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/plan-ahead-attend-a-talk/articleshow/71189551.cms |access-date=19 September 2019 |agency=Pune Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/metmedia/video/lectures/deccan-symposium-day-1-session-3 |title=Deccan Symposium—Day 1, Session 3: Center and Periphery |access-date=2022-01-08|website=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref> He has lectured on several occasions at Jnanapravaha in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Jnanapravaha: JPM Quarterly |date=January–March 2019 |page=5 |url=https://allevents.in/mumbai/temple-and-mosque-pushkar-sohoni-jnanapravaha-mumbai/245454635886541# |title=Temple and Mosque - Pushkar Sohoni - Jnanapravaha Mumbai|access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Material Culture in the Early Modern Deccan - Pushkar Sohoni |url=https://www.eventshigh.com/detail/mumbai/33a1ecaeeee10ab14c19e6bff4c5e63e-material-culture-in-the-early |website=Events High |access-date=28 April 2020}}{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He has also appeared in several documentary films, such as ''[https://www.zdf-studios.com/en/program-catalog/international/unscripted/history-biographies/ancient-superstructures/season-2/taj-mahal-episode-4 Revelations Monumentales: Taj Mahal]'', and ''Tales of Ahmednagar''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Modgil |first1=Shweta |title=Digital Media Platform Live History India Wants To Bring Indian History Alive One Story At A Time |url=https://inc42.com/startups/digital-media-live-history-india-mini-menon/ |publisher=INc42|access-date=12 July 2019 |date=12 July 2017}}</ref> In January 2020, he was on a panel at the [[Kerala Literature Festival]] to discuss [[Tony Joseph]]'s book ''[[Early Indians]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Speakers |url=https://keralaliteraturefestival.com/speakers_more.aspx?id=MTcyNQ== |website=Kerala Literature Festival |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Origin of Early Indians - KLF 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PpyakqZHyI |website=Youtube | date=11 February 2020 |publisher=DC Books |access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref> Dr. Sohoni has also been a moderator at several conferences, including the History Literature Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Pushkar Sohoni - History Literature Festival |url=https://historylitfest.com/Speakers/pushkar-sohoni/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=Speakers 2025 - History Literature Festival |url=https://historylitfest.com/speakers-2025/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title=Schedule - History Literature Festival |url=https://historylitfest.com/schedule-2026/ |access-date=2026-04-10 |language=en}}</ref> He has taught at the [[University of Pennsylvania]], the [[University of the Arts (Philadelphia)]], the [[University of British Columbia]], and [[Comenius University]] in Bratislava, in addition to the [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Courses for Fall 2014|url=http://www.southasia.upenn.edu/pc/term/2014C/subject/SAST/level/all|website=South Asia Studies|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Courses for Spring 2015|url=http://www.southasia.upenn.edu/pc/term/2015A/subject/SAST/level/all|website=South Asia Studies|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> He has been a visiting critic at KRVIA.<ref>{{cite web |title=Master of Architecture: Urban Design - Urban Conservation |url=http://krvia.ac.in/manage/uploadimages/17546MASTER%20CET%20DATE.pdf |website=KRVIA |access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref>

Pushkar Sohoni worked on conservation projects in [[Mesa Verde National Park]] and in the [[Saint Louis Cemetery]] in New Orleans, as part of the [https://www.design.upenn.edu/cac Centre for Architectural Conservation] (then known as the Architectural Conservation Laboratory) at the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Matero|first1=Frank|url=http://www.conlab.org/acl/mvcp/reports/MECP%2002-04-2%20final%20report.pdf|title=Conservation of the Architectural Surfaces Program for Archaeological Resources: Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park|last2=Cancino|first2=Claudia|last3=Rynta|first3=Fourie|date=2002|publisher=The Architectural Conservation Laboratory and Research Center, Graduate Program in Historic Preservation, Graduate School of Fine Arts, University of Pennsylvania|location=Philadelphia}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.conlab.org/acl_site_map/reports/DEAD%20SPACE%20opt.pdf|title=Dead Space: Defining the New Orleans Creole Cemetery - A Site Conservation and Management Plan for St. Louis 1 Cemetery|date=2002|publisher=The Departments of Historic Preservation and Landscape Architecture, The Graduate School of Fine Arts, University of Pennsylvania|location=Philadelphia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=923 Spruce Street Carolina Row|url=https://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ho_display.cfm/62794|access-date=4 October 2018|website=Philadelphia Architects and Buildings|publisher=The Athenaeum of Philadelphia}}</ref> He was a member of the archaeological expedition to Iran in 2004, to excavate sites of the [[Jiroft culture]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Unearthing the lost kingdom of Aratta|oclc=271556904}}</ref> In 2005, he worked for the Architectural Heritage division of [[INTACH]], New Delhi, working on the documentation of Durbar Hall in [[Qila Mubarak, Patiala]]. Since 2015, he is an Associate Editor of ''South Asian Studies'' (Journal of the British Association for South Asian Studies (BASAS)).<ref>{{cite web |title=Editorial Board |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=rsas20 |website=South Asian Studies |publisher=Taylor & Francis Online |access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Editorial Board |url=http://basas.org.uk/publications/south-asian-studies/editorial-board/ |website=Publications |publisher=British Association for South Asian Studies |access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> He is on the advisory board of the ''Law, Humanities and Social Sciences Journal''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-12-02 |title=Advisory Board Members - LHSS Collective |url=https://lhsscollective.in/advisory-board-members/ |access-date=2026-04-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> Pushkar Sohoni is on the Board of Studies for Architecture (Department of Science and Technology), [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]] since 2018 and the Board of Studies for Architecture at [[Vishwakarma University]] since 2019. Dr Sohoni is also a member of the Academic Council of the [https://krvia.ac.in/ Kamala Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute of Architecture and Planning] (KRVIA) since 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=B L Manjunath: Expert in Structural Engineering Design |url=https://krvia.ac.in/pushkar-sohoni-academic-council-member/ |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture & Environmental Studies |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2025, along with Sarah Melsens and Maya Dodd, Pushkar Sohoni launched the [https://paha.site/ Pune Architectural History Archive].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dolare |first=Rahul |date=2025-03-22 |title=PAHA: First-Ever Digital Archive Preserving Pune's Architectural History |url=https://www.punekarnews.in/paha-first-ever-digital-archive-preserving-punes-architectural-history/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Punekar News |language=en-US}}</ref> The archive has been receiving good reviews from various news sources.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-22 |title=Hidden Stories: Amid Pune's construction frenzy, an archive that remembers those who built it |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/hidden-stories-pune-construction-frenzy-archive-remembers-built-10379771/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==

The [[American Institute of Indian Studies]] (AIIS) awarded Pushkar Sohoni a Junior Research Fellowship in 2007–08.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.indiastudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Winter-2008-2009.pdf|title=Fellowships awarded|journal=Dak: The Newsletter of the American Institute of Indian Studies|volume=17|issue=1|page=4|date=2009|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> He was a member of the project Art Space and Mobility in the Early Ages of Globalization,<ref>{{cite web|title=Art, Space and Mobility|url=http://www.khi.fi.it/4823918/asm|website=Research|publisher=Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> organized by the [[Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hinterkeuser|first1=Guido|title=Early Globalization of Art|journal=Max Planck Research|date=2011|issue=1|page=48|url=https://www.mpg.de/1346871/F004_Focus_042-049.pdf}}</ref> While in residence at [[Green College, University of British Columbia]], Pushkar Sohoni served on the executive board of the Dining Committee, Residents' Council, and the Membership Committee.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.greencollege.ubc.ca/sites/greencollege.ubc.ca/files/publications/annualreports/2010-11%20Annual%20Report_2%20PG%20WEB%20DISPLAY.pdf|title=Annual Report: Green College, 2010-11|publisher=Green College, University of British Columbia|year=2011|location=Vancouver}}</ref> He was a Guest Fellow at the Wolf Humanities Center at the University of Pennsylvania is 2012–13.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-24 |title=Pushkar Sohoni |url=https://wolfhumanities.upenn.edu/fellows/pushkar-sohoni |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Wolf Humanities Center |language=en}}</ref> Along with Lisa Mitchell and Raili Roy, he won a Penn Global Engagement Fund Award for the academic year 2013–14, for undergraduate research and cultural immersion experiences in India for students.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Global Engagement Fund Awards |journal=Penn Almanac |date=25 February 2014 |volume=60 |issue=24 |page=6 |url=https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/volumes/v60/n24/pdf/022514.pdfPDQSUFQ-J_ |access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref> In 2013, he was a sub-reviewer for projects that had received the Aga Khan Architectural Award. He is interested in numismatics, and has lent coins to exhibitions, including the show ''Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy'' at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan Museum]] in New York.<ref>{{cite web|title=Exhibition Objects|url=https://metmuseum.org/exhibitions/view?exhibitionId=%7B8951577E-FB8D-4B46-92DE-C4F08364DF96%7D&oid=684684|website=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Exhibition Objects|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/view?exhibitionId=%7b5facd441-2e79-4c41-aa21-ae0882778e8a%7d&oid=684626&pkgids=296&pg=0&rpp=100&pos=21&ft=*&offset=100|website=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Exhibition Objects|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/view?exhibitionId=%7b5facd441-2e79-4c41-aa21-ae0882778e8a%7d&oid=684683&pkgids=296&pg=0&rpp=100&pos=27&ft=*&offset=100|website=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Exhibition Objects|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/view?exhibitionId=%7b5facd441-2e79-4c41-aa21-ae0882778e8a%7d&oid=684682&pkgids=296&pg=0&rpp=100&pos=101&ft=*&offset=100|website=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> In 2016–17, he and C. Ryan Perkins won an award from the American Institute of [[Pakistan studies|Pakistan Studies]] (AIPS) to conduct workshops for the cataloging and preservation of the [[Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu]] library in Karachi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Current Programs - AIPS Sponsored Programs for 2016-17|url=http://www.pakistanstudies-aips.org/content/current-programs|website=American Institute of Pakistan Studies|access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref> Pushkar Sohoni was a non-residential [[visiting scholar]] of the Center for the Advanced Study of India at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in the year 2016–17.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pushkar Sohoni: Non-resident visiting scholar|url=https://casi.sas.upenn.edu/visiting/pushkarsohoni|website=Center for the Advanced Study of India|publisher=School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania|access-date=3 November 2017|date=2017-04-19}}</ref> He has received research grants from the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], [[Government of India]], the [[Indian Council of Historical Research]], and the [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]].<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2025-05-30 |title=Professor Pushkar Sohoni Joins University of Vienna as ICCR Chair to Promote Indian Culture and History. |url=https://indoeuropean.eu/professor-pushkar-sohoni-joins-university-of-vienna-as-iccr-chair-to-promote-indian-culture-and-history/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=Indoeuropean.eu |language=en}}</ref> Pushkar Sohoni received a [https://eap.bl.uk/project/EAP1678 British Library Endangered Archives Programme] grant for digitising Public Works Department (PWD) records.

== Publications ==
In 2015, he authored the book, ''[https://www.deccan-heritage-foundation.org/dhf-bookstore/aurangabad-with-daulatabad-khuldabad-and-ahmadnagar/ Aurangabad, with Daulatabad, Khuldabad, and Ahmadnagar]'', focused on the sultanate architecture in the region.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghosh|first1=Deepanjan|date=2016-02-15|title=Alamgir Masjid: Aurangzeb's Personal Mosque, Aurangabad|url=http://double-dolphin.blogspot.in/2016/02/alamgir-masjid-aurangzebs-personal-mosque-aurangabad.html|access-date=12 May 2016|website=The Concrete Paparazzi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghosh|first1=Deepanjan|date=2016-04-18|title=Mughal Gardens of Khuldabad|url=http://double-dolphin.blogspot.com/2016/04/mughal-gardens-of-khuldabad-maharashtra.html|access-date=12 May 2016|website=The Concrete Paparazzi}}</ref> The book was quoted in a Bombay High Court order in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rizwanullah|first1=Syed|date=26 Oct 2018|title=HC gives 4 months to AMC, State for upkeep of monuments|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/hc-gives-4-months-to-amc-state-govt-for-upkeep-of-monuments/articleshow/66353106.cms|access-date=31 October 2018}}</ref> In 2017, he co-authored with [[Kenneth X. Robbins]], a book on the Jewish heritage in the western Deccan, titled ''[https://www.deccan-heritage-foundation.org/dhf-bookstore/jewish-heritage-of-the-deccan-mumbai-the-northern-konkan-and-pune/ Jewish Heritage of the Deccan: Mumbai, the Northern Konkan and Pune]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hyman|first1=Alexander Charlap|title=The Unique Architecture of Jewish India|url=https://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/2018/04/the-unique-architecture-of-jewish-india/|access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=ENS|title='Jews greatly contributed to India's development', says history scholar|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/jews-greatly-contributed-to-indias-development-says-history-scholar-4977091/|access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mallya|first1=Vinutha|title=The Wanderers who found Home|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/the-wanderers-who-found-home/articleshow/61083695.cms|access-date=29 January 2018|archive-date=25 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625024727/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/the-wanderers-who-found-home/articleshow/61083695.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Silliman|first1=Jael|title=The 2,200-year history of India's Bene Israel Jews began with seven ship-wrecked couples|url=https://scroll.in/magazine/850520/the-2200-year-history-of-indias-bene-israel-jews-began-with-seven-ship-wrecked-couples|access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> In 2018, his book on the Nizam Shahs of Ahmadnagar and their architectural legacy in 2018, called ''[[The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate|The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India]]'', was published.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India|title-link=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate|date=2018|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-78453-794-4|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Maria|first1=Dan|date=27 June 2019|title=Settle into the calm world of words|agency=The Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/jun/27/settle-into-the-calm-world-of-words-1995779.html|access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sayeed|first1=Vikhar Ahmed|date=20 December 2019|title=The Medieval Deccan|work=The Hindu|agency=Frontline|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/article30146938.ece|access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref> In 2021, he co-edited a book (with Torsten Tschacher) on the practices of [[Muharram]] across the world among South Asian communities: ''[[Non-Shia Practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the Diaspora: Beyond Mourning]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |last2=Tschacher |first2=Torsten |date=2021-08-27 |title=Non-Shia Practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the Diaspora |doi=10.4324/9781003018612|isbn=978-1-003-01861-2 }}</ref> Along with Riyaz Latif, he wrote ''Sultanate Ahmadabad and its Monuments'', published by Primus in 2022.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Latif |first1=Riyaz |title=Sultanate Ahmadabad and its monuments: the city of the Muzaffarids (Ahmad Shahis) |last2=Sohoni |first2=Pushkar |date=2023 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-5572-448-9 |location=Delhi}}</ref> His research on the colonial market halls of India was published in 2023 as [[Taming the Oriental Bazaar: Architecture of the Market-halls of Colonial India|''Taming the Oriental Bazaar'': ''Architecture of the Market''-''halls of Colonial India'']]''.'' In the same year, along with Pika Ghosh, he co-edited the festschrift to [[Michael W. Meister]], titled ''[[Chakshudana or Opening the Eyes: Seeing South Asian Art Anew]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=Pika |last2=Sohoni |first2=Pushkar |date=2023-09-11 |title=Chakshudana or Opening the Eyes: Seeing South Asian Art Anew |doi=10.4324/9781003291473|isbn=978-1-003-29147-3 }}</ref>

In 2024, the Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture published a two-volume set, in Marathi and in English, called ''[[Architecture in Maharashtra: Tradition and Journey|महाराष्ट्रातील वास्तुकला : परंपरा आणि वाटचाल]]'' (''Maharashtratil Vastukala'': ''parampara ani vatachala'') and ''[[Architecture in Maharashtra: tradition and journey]]'' respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DGIPR |first=Team |date=2025-02-25 |title=मराठी भाषा गौरव दिनी ५१ नव्या ग्रंथांचे प्रकाशन - महासंवाद |work=महासंवाद |url=https://mahasamvad.in/157581/ |access-date=2025-04-19 |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-08 |title=राज्यातील वास्तुकलेचा पसारा... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/lokrang/famous-architect-narendra-dengle-book-on-tradition-and-progress-of-architecture-in-maharashtra-zws-70-5000396/ |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> It was edited by [[Narendra Dengle]], with Pushkar Sohoni, Chetan Sahasrabuddhe, and Minal Sagare as co-editors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-14 |title=वास्तू न्याहाळण्याचे कसब गरजेचे - डॉ. सदानंद मोरे यांचे मत |url=https://www.loksatta.com/pune/maharashtra-state-board-for-literature-and-culture-president-sadanand-more-comments-about-architecture-in-maharashtra-book-pune-print-news-asj-82-5018782/ |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

He has written extensively on the history of architecture, the Deccan sultanates, numismatics, socio-linguistics, and aspects of material culture.

In 2017–2018, he wrote a fortnightly column called 'By the Wayside' for the ''Pune Mirror''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pune Mirror|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/getsearchdata.cms?query=pushkar+sohoni}}</ref> He has been a consultant for the Sahapedia project on culturally mapping the city of Pune,<ref>{{cite web |title=Methodology |url=https://map.sahapedia.org/inpune/about/1/22 |website=Sahapedia /INPUNE |access-date=22 September 2021}}</ref> and contributed to ''[https://www.sahapedia.org/my-city-my-heritage/celebrating-chhatrapati-sambhajinagar My City My Heritage]'' by InterGlobe Foundation.

==Research bibliography==

===Books (authored)===
* ''[[Taming the Oriental Bazaar: Architecture of the Market-halls of Colonial India|Taming the Oriental Bazaar: Architecture of the Market-Halls of Colonial India]]'' (New York; Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2023).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taming the Oriental Bazaar: Architecture of the Market-Halls of Colonial India |url=https://www.routledge.com/Taming-the-Oriental-Bazaar-Architecture-of-the-Market-Halls-of-Colonial/Sohoni/p/book/9780367487119 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Routledge & CRC Press |language=en}}</ref>
* (with Riyaz Latif) ''Sultanate Ahmadabad and its Monuments: The City of the Muzaffarids (Ahmad Shahis)'' (New Delhi: Primus Books, 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sultanate Ahmadabad and its Monuments: The City of Muzaffarids (Ahmad Shahis) by Riyaz Latif and Pushkar Sohoni |url=https://primusbooks.com/product/sultanate-ahmadabad-and-its-monuments-the-city-of-muzaffarids-ahmad-shahis-by-riyaz-latif-and-pushkar-sohoni/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=PrimusBooks |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Latif |first=Riyaz |date=2022-09-19 |title=Apotheosis of a Reservoir: Meditations on the Stepwell |url=https://www.thebeacon.in/2022/09/20/apotheosis-of-a-reservoir-meditations-on-the-stepwell/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=The Beacon Webzine |language=en-US}}</ref>
*''[[The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate|The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India]]'' (London: I.B. Tauris, 2018).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |title=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India |title-link=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate |date=2018 |publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co. |location=London |isbn=978-1-78453-794-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sayeed |first1=Vikhar Ahmed |title=Deccan Architecture |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/article28422090.ece?homepage=true |access-date=17 July 2019 |agency=Frontline |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
* (with Kenneth X. Robbins) ''Jewish Heritage of the Deccan: Mumbai, the Northern Konkan, Pune'' (Mumbai: Jaico; Deccan Heritage Foundation, 2017).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Jewish Heritage of the Deccan: Mumbai, the Northern Deccan, Pune|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|last2=Robbins|first2=Kenneth X.|publisher=Jaico; Deccan Heritage Foundation|year=2017|isbn=978-93-86348-66-1|location=Mumbai}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hyman |first1=Alexander Charlap |title=The Unique Architecture of Jewish India |journal=Mosaic |date=2018 |url=https://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/history-ideas/2018/04/the-unique-architecture-of-jewish-india/?print |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref>
* ''Aurangabad with Daulatabad, Khuldabad, Ahmadnagar'' (Mumbai: Jaico; Deccan Heritage Foundation, 2015).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aurangabad with Daulatabad, Khuldabad, Ahmadnagar|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|publisher=Jaico: Deccan Heritage Foundation|year=2015|isbn=978-81-8495-702-0|location=Mumbai}}</ref>

=== Books (edited) ===

* (with Narendra Dengle, Minal Sagare, Chetan Sahasrabuddhe), ''महाराष्ट्रातील वास्तुकला : परंपरा आणि वाटचाल'', 2 volumes (मुंबई: महाराष्ट्र राज्य साहित्य आणि संस्कृती मंडळ, २०२४).
* (with Narendra Dengle, Minal Sagare, Chetan Sahasrabuddhe), ''[[Architecture in Maharashtra: tradition and journey|Architecture in Maharashtra: Tradition and Journey]]'', 2 volumes (Mumbai: Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture, 2024).
* (with Pika Ghosh) ''[[Chakshudana or Opening the Eyes: Seeing South Asian Art Anew]]'' (New York; Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2023).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh Pika, Sohoni Pushkar |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003291473/chakshudana-opening-eyes-pika-ghosh-pushkar-sohoni |title=Chakshudana or Opening the Eyes: Seeing South Asian Art Anew |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge India |isbn=978-1-003-29147-3 |editor-last= |editor-first= |edition=1st |location=London |doi=10.4324/9781003291473}}</ref>
* (with Torsten Tschacher) ''[[Non-Shia Practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the Diaspora|Non-Shia Practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the Diaspora Beyond Mourning]]'' (New York; Oxon: Routledge, 2021).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Non-Shia practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the diaspora: beyond mourning|date=2022|others=Pushkar Sohoni, Torsten Tschacher|isbn=978-1-000-45698-1|location=Abingdon, Oxon|oclc=1253441894}}</ref>

=== Edited Journal Issue ===

* (with Carmen Brandt) Languages and Scripts of South Asia: Special Issue of ''South Asian History and Culture'', (2018), vol. 9, no. 1. ISSN 1947-2501.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2018|editor-last=Sohoni|editor-first=Pushkar|editor2-last=Brandt|editor2-first=Carmen|title=Languages and Scripts of South Asia: Special Issue|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rsac20/9/1?nav=tocList|journal=South Asian History and Culture|volume=9|issue=1 |pages=113–115|issn=1947-2501}}</ref>

=== Research Essays and Articles ===
*(with Tejashree Lakras) ‘A Critical Analysis of an Architectural Heritage Site as a Filming Location Through Heritage Impact Assessments: The Case of Amber Palace, Rajasthan, India’ in ''Journal of Heritage Management'', vol. 10 no. 2 (Dec 2025), pp. 207-224.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lakras |first1=Tejashree |last2=Sohoni |first2=Pushkar |date=2025-12-01 |title=A Critical Analysis of an Architectural Heritage Site as a Filming Location Through Heritage Impact Assessments: The Case of Amber Palace, Rajasthan, India |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/24559296251379688 |journal=Journal of Heritage Management |language=EN |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=207–224 |doi=10.1177/24559296251379688 |issn=2455-9296}}</ref>
*'Maritime Fortifications: Defending Land and Sea' in Amarendra Kumar (ed.), ''Tides of Triumph: the Maratha Navy'' ''Saga'' (Mumbai: Harper Vantage, 2025), pp. 97–116.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Review {{!}} Tides Of Triumph: A Saga Of Maratha Courage And Cultural Pride |url=https://www.news18.com/opinion/book-review-tides-of-triumph-a-saga-of-maratha-courage-and-cultural-pride-ws-dl-9444650.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
*'Paṭṭā: The Maratha Sword' in ''Journal of Arms and Armour'', vol. 22 no. 1 (Spring 2025), pp. 131–144.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |date=2025-02-10 |title=Paṭṭā: the Maratha sword |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17416124.2025.2460905 |journal=Arms & Armour |volume=22 |language=en |pages=131–144 |doi=10.1080/17416124.2025.2460905 |issn=1741-6124|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*'Janjira Fort and Rajapuri Port: Connected Histories in a Coastal Complex' in Shefali Balsari-Shah and Sunita Nair (eds.), ''Gateways to the Sea: Historic Ports and Docks of Mumbai Region'' (New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 2024), pp. 174–182.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.publicationsdivision.nic.in/index.php?route=product/product&path=&product_id=5214}}</ref>
*'Creating an Ecumene: Cultural, Economic, Social Boundaries of the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]]' in ''South Asian Studies'' vol. 39 no. 2, (2023), pp. 146–159.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |title='Creating an Ecumene: Cultural, Economic, Social Boundaries of the Deccan Sultanates' |journal=South Asian Studies |date=2023 |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=146–159 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2023.2287838}}</ref>
*(with Pika Ghosh) 'Introduction: Reading Monuments and Seeing Texts: Michael W. Meister and the Opening of Eyes' in Pika Ghosh and Pushkar Sohoni (eds.), ''Chakshudana (Opening the Eyes): Seeing South Asian Art Anew'' (New York; Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2023), pp. 1–17.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Ghosh |first1=Pika |title=Introduction |date=2023-09-11 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003291473/chapters/10.4324/9781003291473-1 |work=Chakshudana or Opening the Eyes |pages=1–17 |access-date=2023-09-26 |edition=1 |place=London |publisher=Routledge India |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003291473-1 |isbn=978-1-003-29147-3 |last2=Sohoni |first2=Pushkar|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*'Squaring a Circle: Design and Construction in the Temple of Anwa' in Pika Ghosh and Pushkar Sohoni (eds.), ''Chakshudana (Opening the Eyes): Seeing South Asian Art Anew'' (New York; Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2023), pp. 74–90.<ref>{{Citation |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |title=Squaring a Circle |date=2023-09-11 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003291473/chapters/10.4324/9781003291473-9 |work=Chakshudana or Opening the Eyes |pages=74–90 |access-date=2023-09-26 |edition=1 |place=London |publisher=Routledge India |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003291473-9 |isbn=978-1-003-29147-3|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*'Reflections of Rauza: Connected Histories of Burhanpur and Khuldabad' in ''South Asian History, Culture and Archaeology'', vol. 3 no. 1 (June 2023), pp. 123–126.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Asian History, Culture and Archaeology |url=https://www.esijournals.com/sahca/issue/80 |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.esijournals.com}}</ref>
*'Mansions of the Gods and Visions of Paradise' in ''Nidan: International Journal for Indian Studies'', vol. 8 issue 1 (July 2023), pp. 88–99.[https://hasp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/nidan/article/view/22225/21618]
*'Sacred Cows and Winged Steeds: Convergence of Material Form' in ''Kalyana Mitra: A Treasure House of History, Culture, and Archaeological Studies (Festschrift to Prof. P. Chenna Reddy)'', vol. 6 (New Delhi: Bluerose Publishers, 2023), pp. 370–375.
*'Caprids on Early Iranian Ceramics: Static Forms, Dynamic Meanings' in Abhayan G.S., Pankaj Goyal, and Sharada C.V. (eds.), ''Animals in Archaeology: Integrating Landscapes, Environment and Humans in South Asia (A Festschrift for Prof. P.P. Joglekar)'', vol. 2 (Thiruvananathapuram: Department of Archaeology, University of Kerala, 2023), pp. 441–451.
*'A Story Without Architecture: The Mythical Origins of Mumbai' in ''South Asian Studies'', vol. 39 no. 1 (2023), pp 1–9.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |date=2022-11-11 |title=A Story Without Architecture: The Mythical Origins of Mumbai |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=39 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2022.2137974 |s2cid=253505885 |issn=0266-6030}}</ref>
*'Cultural Translation and Linguistic Equivalence: Persian–Marathi Bilingual Inscriptions' in ''Journal of Persianate Studies'', vol. 15 (2022), pp. 70–84.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |date=2022-11-04 |title=Cultural Translation and Linguistic Equivalence: Persian–Marathi Bilingual Inscriptions |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jps/aop/article-10.1163-18747167-bja10024/article-10.1163-18747167-bja10024.xml |journal=Journal of Persianate Studies |volume=-15 |issue=aop |pages=70–84 |doi=10.1163/18747167-bja10024 |issn=1874-7167 |s2cid=253514828|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*'Introduction' in Heiko Sievers (ed.), ''Thomas Lüttge and Hans Winterberg: Golconda - Hyderabad 1974 - 1996 – 2012, A Photographic Essay'' (New Delhi: Rupa, 2022), pp. 17–19.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photos that captured winds of change in Hyderabad on display |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2022/nov/25/photos-that-captured-winds-of-change-in-hyderabad-on-display-2521845.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=The New Indian Express|date=25 November 2022 }}</ref>
*'Golconda and Hyderabad' in Heiko Sievers (ed.), ''Thomas Lüttge and Hans Winterberg: Golconda - Hyderabad 1974 - 1996 – 2012, A Photographic Essay'' (New Delhi: Rupa, 2022), pp. 179–184.
* 'From Colonial to National: Appropriating the Past in Service of the Present' in Mrinalini Venkateswaran (ed.), ''March to Freedom: Reflections on India's Independence'' (New Delhi: DAG, 2022), pp. 161–167.
*(with Pallavee Gokhale) 'Strike Two: Afterlife of Bahmani Coinage' in ''American Journal of Numismatics'', vol. 33 (2021), pp. 189–209.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Journal of Numismatics (1989-) on JSTOR |url=https://www.jstor.org/journal/amerjnumi1989 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=www.jstor.org |language=en}}</ref>
*(with Torsten Tschacher) 'Introduction' in Pushkar Sohoni and Torsten Tschacher (eds.), ''Non-Shia Practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the Diaspora: Beyond Mourning'' (London: Routledge, 2021), pp. 1–11.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Non-Shia practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the diaspora: beyond mourning|date=2022|others=Pushkar Sohoni, Torsten Tschacher|isbn=978-1-000-45698-1|location=Abingdon, Oxon|oclc=1253441894}}</ref>
*'Visual language of piety and power: Ta'ziahs and temples in the Western Deccan' in Pushkar Sohoni and Torsten Tschacher (eds.), ''Non-Shia Practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the Diaspora: Beyond Mourning'' (London: Routledge, 2021), pp. 41–52.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Non-Shia practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the diaspora: beyond mourning|date=2022|others=Pushkar Sohoni, Torsten Tschacher|isbn=978-1-000-45698-1|location=Abingdon, Oxon|oclc=1253441894}}</ref>
*(with John Mathew), '[https://academic.oup.com/book/39837/chapter/339980349 Teaching and Research in Colonial Bombay]' in Ku-ming Chang and Alan J. Rocke (eds.), ''A Global History of Research Education: Disciplines, Institutions, and Nations, 1840-1950'' History of Universities Series, vol. XXXIV no. 1 (Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 2021), pp. 269–291.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |last2=Mathew |first2=John |author1-link=Teaching and Research in Colonial Bombay |editor1-last=Chang |editor1-first=Ku-min (Kevin) |editor2-last=Rocke |editor2-first=Alan |title=History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1: A Global History of Research Education: Disciplines, Institutions, and Nations, 1840-1950 |date=2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-284477-4 |pages=269–291}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Mathew|first1=John|title=Teaching and Research in Colonial Bombay|date=2021-07-22|url=https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780192844774.001.0001/oso-9780192844774-chapter-13|work=History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1|pages=259–281|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/oso/9780192844774.003.0013|isbn=978-0-19-284477-4|access-date=2022-01-09|last2=Sohoni|first2=Pushkar|doi-access=free|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*'Architectural Traditions in the Deccan' in Richard M. Eaton and Ramya Sreenivasan (eds), ''The Oxford Handbook of the Mughal World'' (online edn, Oxford Academic, 6 Aug. 2020).<ref>{{Citation |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |title=Architectural Traditions in the Deccan |date=2023-01-26 |url=https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/34708/chapter/393752116 |work=The Oxford Handbook of the Mughal World |pages=C16.S1–C16.N28 |editor-last=Eaton |editor-first=Richard M. |access-date=2023-01-27 |edition=1 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222642.013.16 |isbn=978-0-19-022264-2 |editor2-last=Sreenivasan |editor2-first=Ramya|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*'Postal Project: Rocket mail and the creation of the aero-philatelic market in India' in ''Culture, Continuity and Tradition: Disquisitions in Honour of Prof. Vasant Shinde'' (New Delhi: B.R. Publications, 2020), pp. 815–823, plates 934–938.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |author1-link=Postal Project: Rocket mail and the creation of the aero-philatelic market in India |editor1-last=Shirvalkar |editor1-first=Prabodh |title=Culture, Continuity and Tradition: Disquisitions in Honour of Prof. Vasant Shinde |year=2021 |publisher=B.R. Publishers |location=Delhi |pages=815–823 |isbn=978-93-88789-88-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMOdzgEACAAJ}}</ref>
*'The Fort of Janjira' in ''African Rulers and Generals in India'' (Afro-South Asia in the Global African Diaspora, vol. 1) (Greensboro, NC; Ahmedabad: University of North Carolina Ethiopian and East African Studies Project; Ahmedabad Sidi Heritage and Educational Center, 2020), pp. 167–183.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Robbins|first1=Kenneth X.|title=African Rulers and Generals in India (Afro-South Asia in the Global African Diaspora, vol. 1)|last2=Ali|first2=Omar|last3=Shroff|first3=Beheroze|last4=Graves|first4=Jazmin|publisher=University of North Carolina Ethiopian and East African Studies Project|year=2020|location=Greensboro NC|pages=167–183|asin=B08J4JLQG6}}</ref>
*'Memorials of Sovereignty: Funerary Architecture of the Siddis of Janjira at Khokri (Maharashtra)' in ''Arts Asiatiques'', vol. 74 (2019), pp. 147–154.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accueil » Livres » Arts Asiatiques » Arts Asiatiques 74 (2019) |url=https://publications.efeo.fr/fr/livres/934_arts-asiatiques-74-2019 |website=École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>
*(with William Kwiatkowski), 'Notice: An Unpublished Inscription from the Fort of Ahmadnagar' in ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'', vol. 29 no. 4 (Oct 2019), pp. 723–726.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|last2=Kwiatkowski|first2=William|year=2019|title=Notice: An Unpublished Inscription from the Fort of Ahmadnagar|url=|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume=29|issue=4|pages=723–726|doi=10.1017/S1356186319000452|s2cid=211653462}}</ref>
*'Architectural Continuity across Political Ruptures: Early Marathas and the Deccan Sultanates' in Laurie McMillin and Bina Sengar (eds.), ''Spaces and Places in Western India: Formations and Delineations'' (New Delhi: Routledge India, 2019), pp. 107–114.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McMillin |first1=Laurie |last2=Sengar |first2=Bina |title=Spaces and Places in Western India: Formations and Delineations |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-8153-9258-3}}</ref>
*'The Hunt for a Location: Narratives on the Foundation of Cities in South and Southeast Asia' in ''Asian Ethnology'', vol. 77, nos. 1&2 (2018), pp. 215–233.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |title=The Hunt for a Location |url=http://asianethnology.org/articles/2116 |website=Asian Ethnology |access-date=17 January 2019}}</ref>
*'The Non-issue of Coinage: The Monetary Policies of the Post-Bahmani Sultanates' in ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'', vol. 28, issue 3 (October 2018), pp. 645–659.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |title=The Non-issue of Coinage: The Monetary Policies of the Post-Bahmani Sultanates |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |date=October 2018 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=645–659 |doi=10.1017/S1356186318000214 |s2cid=165682268 }}</ref>
*'Building History: Historiography of Architectural History in South Asia' in ''History Compass'', vol. 16, no. 5 (May 2018).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Building History: Historiography of Architectural History in South Asia|journal=History Compass|date=May 2018|volume=16|issue=5|article-number=e12450|doi=10.1111/hic3.12450}}</ref>
*'Imbrication and Implication: Early Maratha Architecture and the Deccan Sultanates' in ''Archives of Asian Art'', vol. 68, no. 1 (Apr 2018), pp. 33–46.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Imbrication and Implication: Early Maratha Architecture and the Deccan Sultanates|journal=Archives of Asian Art|date=Apr 2018|volume=68|issue=1|pages=33–46|doi=10.1215/00666637-4342393|s2cid=194963690}}</ref>
*'Translocated Animal Subjects in Collaboration: Animals and Human Knowledge' in ''Transfers: Interdisciplinary Journal of Mobility Studies'', vol. 8 no. 1 (2018), pp. 1–14.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Translocated Colonial Subjects in Collaboration|journal=Transfers: Interdisciplinary Journal of Mobility Studies|date=2018|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.3167/TRANS.2018.080102}}</ref>
*(with Carmen Brandt), 'Script and Identity - The Politics of Writing in South Asia: An Introduction' to Languages and Scripts of South Asia: Special Issue of ''South Asian History and Culture'', vol. 9, no. 1 (2018), pp. 1–15.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|last2=Brandt|first2=Carmen|title=Script and Identity - The Politics of Writing in South Asia: An Introduction|journal=Languages and Scripts of South Asia|date=Jan 2018|volume=9|issue=1|pages=1–15|doi=10.1080/19472498.2017.1411048|s2cid=148802248}}</ref>
*'Colonial and Post-colonial Debates about Polygraphia in Marathi' in Languages and Scripts of South Asia: Special Issue of ''South Asian History and Culture'', vol. 9, no. 1 (2018), pp. 38–46.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Colonial and post-colonial debates about polygraphia in Marathi|journal=Languages and Scripts of South Asia|date=Jan 2018|volume=9|issue=1|pages=38–46|doi=10.1080/19472498.2017.1411053|s2cid=149440905}}</ref>
* 'Old Fights, New Meanings: Lions and Elephants in Combat' in ''Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics'', vol. 67/68 (2016/2017), pp. 225–234.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Old Fights, New Meanings: Lions and Elephants in Combat|journal=Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics|date=2016–2017|volume=67/68|pages=225–234|doi=10.1086/691602|s2cid=165605193}}</ref>
* 'Marathi of a Single Type: the Demise of the Modi Script' in ''Modern Asian Studies'', vol. 51, issue 3 (May 2017), pp. 662–685.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Marathi of a single type: the demise of the Modi script|journal=Modern Asian Studies|date=May 2017|volume=51|issue=3|pages=662–685|doi=10.1017/S0026749X15000542|s2cid=148081127}}</ref>
* 'Flushing out the Enemy: Revisiting the Battle of Bhatavadi' in ''Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute'', vol. 76 (2016), pp. 15–22.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Flushing out the Enemy: Revisiting the Battle of Bhatavadi|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute|date=2016|volume=76|pages=15–22|jstor=26264763}}</ref>
* 'A Tale of Two Imperial Residences: Aurangzeb's Architectural Patronage' in ''Journal of Islamic Architecture'', vol. 4, issue 2 (Dec 2016), pp. 63–69.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=A Tale of Two Imperial Residences: Aurangzeb's Architectural Patronage|journal=Journal of Islamic Architecture|date=Dec 2016|volume=4|issue=2|pages=63–69|doi=10.18860/jia.v4i2.3514|s2cid=157970183 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* 'Vernacular as a Space: Writing in the Deccan' in ''South Asian History and Culture'', vol. 7, no. 3 (Apr 2016), pp. 258–270.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Vernacular as a Space: Writing in the Deccan|journal=South Asian History and Culture|date=Apr 2016|volume=7|issue=3|pages=258–270|doi=10.1080/19472498.2016.1168101|s2cid=146905417}}</ref>
* 'Paper Documents and Copper Plates: Localization of Hegemonic Practices' in ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', vol. 79, issue 1 (Feb 2016), pp. 87–101.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Paper Documents and Copper Plates: Localization of Hegemonic Practices|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|date=Feb 2016|volume=79|issue=1|pages=87–101|doi=10.1017/S0041977X1500097X|s2cid=155998042}}</ref>
* 'Continuities in the Sacred Landscape: Ellora, Khuldabad and the Temple of Ghrishneshwara' in Syed Ayub Ali (ed.), ''Studies in Medieval Deccan History: Dr. M.A. Nayeem felicitation volume'' (Warangal; New Delhi: Deccan History Society; Indian Council of Historical Research, 2015), pp. 56–68.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ali|first1=S. Ayub|title=Studies in Medieval Deccan History (14th-17th Century): Dr. M.A. Nayeem Festschrift|date=2015|publisher=Deccan History Society|location=Warangal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4dnmjgEACAAJ&q=nayeem++ayub+ali+festschrft}}</ref>
* 'From Defended Settlements to Fortified Strongholds: Responses to Gunpowder in the early modern Deccan' in ''South Asian Studies'' (British Association of South Asian Studies), vol. 31, no. 1 (Jan 2015), pp. 111–126.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=From Defended Settlements to Fortified Strongholds: Responses to Gunpowder in the Early Modern Deccan|journal=South Asian Studies|date=Jan 2015|volume=31|issue=1|pages=111–126|doi=10.1080/02666030.2015.1008818|s2cid=162270390}}</ref>
* 'Gaining Pious Merit and Creating Images of Paradise: Gardens and Irrigation' in K. Krishna Naik and E. Siva Nagi Reddy (eds.), ''Cultural Contours of History and Archaeology: in honour of Snehasiri Prof. P. Chenna Reddy'', vol. 2 (New Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation, 2014), pp. 111–119.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Reddy|first1=E. Siva Nagi|last2=Naik|first2=K. Krishna|title=Cultural Contours of History and Archaeology: in honour of Snehasiri Prof. P. Chenna Reddy|date=2014|publisher=B.R. Corp.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-93-5050-066-8|edition=vol. 2}}</ref>
* 'Patterns of Faith: Mosque Typologies and sectarian affiliation in the kingdom of Ahmadnagar' in David Roxburgh (ed.), ''Seeing the Past—Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Honor of Renata Holod'' (Leiden: Brill, 2014), pp. 110–127.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roxburgh|first1=David|title=Seeing the Past—Envisioning Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Honor of Renata Holod|date=2014|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-26402-1}}</ref>
* 'Medieval Chaul under the Nizam Shahs: an Historic and Archaeological Investigation' in Laura E. Parodi (ed.), ''The Visual World of Muslim India: The Art, Culture and Society of the Deccan in the Early Modern Era'' (London: I.B. Tauris, 2014), pp. 53–75.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Parodi|first1=Laura|title=The Visual World of Muslim India: The Art, Culture and Society of the Deccan in the Early Modern Era|date=2014|publisher=I.B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=978-1-84885-746-9}}</ref>
* (with Klaus Rötzer) 'Nature, Dams, Wells and Gardens: The Route of Water in and around Bidar' in Daud Ali and Emma Flatt (ed.), ''Garden and Landscape Practices in Pre-Colonial India'' (New Delhi: Routledge, 2011), pp. 54–73.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ali|first1=Daud|last2=Flatt|first2=Emma|title=Garden and Landscape Practices in Pre-Colonial India|date=2011|publisher=Routledge|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-0-415-66493-6}}</ref>
* 'Architecture of the Nizam Shahs' in Helen Philon (ed.), ''Silent Splendour: Palaces of the Deccan, 14th-19th Centuries'' (Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2010), pp. 56–65.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Philon|first1=Helen|title=Silent Splendour: Palaces of the Deccan, 14th-19th Centuries|date=2010|publisher=Marg Publications|location=Mumbai|isbn=978-81-85026-96-1}}</ref>
* (with Amol Kulkarni) 'Index to the Annual Reports of the Archaeological Department of His Exalted Highness The Nizam's Dominions' in ''Journal of Deccan Studies'', vol. 6, no. 1 (Jan-Jun 2009), pp. 41–78.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|last2=Kulkarni|first2=Amol|title=Index to the Annual Reports of the Archaeological Department of His Exalted Highness The Nizam's Dominions|journal=Journal of Deccan Studies|date=Jun 2009|volume=6|issue=1|pages=41–78|oclc=52066210}}</ref>
* 'Change and memory in Farah Bagh' in ''Journal of Deccan Studies,'' vol. 4 no. 2 (Jul-Dec 2007), pp. 59–77.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|title=Change and Memory in Farah Bagh|journal=Journal of Deccan Studies|date=Dec 2007|volume=4|issue=2|pages=59–77|oclc=52066210}}</ref>

=== Scholarly Reference Entries and Textbook Chapters ===

*'Pūna (Pune)' in ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'' ''Three'' (Leiden; London: Brill, 2023).
*(with Swapna Joshi) 'Geological Wonder as a Sacred Landscape: The Lonar Crater' in ''Education About Asia'', vol. 27 no. 3 (Winter 2022), pp. 37–41.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education About Asia |url=https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Association for Asian Studies |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Marathi Language Summary in N.B. Raja et al., 'Colonial history and global economics distort our understanding of deep-time biodiversity' in ''Nature Ecology & Evolution'' (2021), p. 16.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Niẓām Shāhīs, art and architecture |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_40173 |language=en |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_40173|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*'Architecture in South Asia' in ''Oxford Bibliographies in Architecture, Planning and Preservation'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|date=2021|title=Architecture in South Asia|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780190922467/obo-9780190922467-0051.xml|journal=Oxford Bibliographies in Architecture, Planning and Preservation|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/obo/9780190922467-0052|isbn=978-0-19-092246-7|via=|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* 'Colonial and Modern Architecture in India' in ''Oxford Bibliographies in Architecture, Planning and Preservation'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|date=2021|title=Colonial and Modern Architecture in India|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780190922467/obo-9780190922467-0051.xml|journal=Oxford Bibliographies in Architecture, Planning and Preservation|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/obo/9780190922467-0051|isbn=978-0-19-092246-7|via=|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*'Nizam Shahis art and architecture (Deccan dynasty)' in ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'' ''Three'' (Leiden; London: Brill, 2021), pp. 140–145.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|date=2021|title=Nizam Shahis art and architecture (Deccan dynasty)|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3|journal=The Encyclopaedia of Islam Three|publisher=Brill|pages=140–145|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_40173|isbn=978-90-04-43596-4|via=|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*'Regional Cities', Block 4 (2) Urbanisation in Medieval India-1, MHI-10, ''Urbanisation in India'', IGNOU Study Material (2017), pp. 29–62.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|url=http://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/44432|title="School of Social Sciences (SOSS) Levels Master's Degree Programmes Current Master of Arts (History) (MAH) Second Year MHI-10 Urbanisation in India Block-4 Urbanisation In Medieval India - 1 (Part 2)".|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). IGNOU|year=2017|location=New Delhi|pages=29–62}}</ref>

=== Academic Book Reviews ===

* REVIEW: Sandria B. Freitag, ''Acts of Seeing, Ways of Knowing: Visual Culture in the Making of Modern India'' (New Delhi: Primus, 2025), in ''LA Landscape: Journal of Landscape Architecture'' (2026).
* REVIEW: Farshid Emami, ''Isfahan: Architecture and Urban Experience in Early Modern Iran'' (University Park: Penn State University Press, 2024) in ''Renaissance and Reformation'', vol. 49 no. 1 (Winter 2026).
* REVIEW: Marcia Stephenson, ''Llamas Beyond the Andes: Untold Histories of Camelids in the Modern World'' (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2023), in ''Isis'', vol. 116 no. 2 (June 2025), pp. 403–404.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |date=2025 |title=Llamas Beyond the Andes: Untold Histories of Camelids in the Modern World |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/735746 |journal=Isis |language=en |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=403–404 |doi=10.1086/735746 |issn=0021-1753}}</ref>
* REVIEW: Rosie Llewellyn-Jones, ''Empire Building: The Construction of British India, 1690-1860'' (London: Hurst Publishers, 2023) in ''Pacific Affairs'', vol. 97 no. 2 (June 2024), pp. 690–692''.'' ISSN 0030-851X. ISBN 9781787388048.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pacificaffairs.ubc.ca/book-reviews/empire-building-the-construction-of-british-india-1690-1860-by-rosie-llewellyn-jones/ |title=EMPIRE BUILDING: The Construction of British India, 1690–1860 | by Rosie Llewellyn-Jones |date=23 November 2023 }}</ref>
* REVIEW: 'Locating the Present in the Past: Seeking Modern States in History' – Bhangya Bhukya, ''A Cultural History of Telangana: From the Earliest Times to 1724 AD'' (Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2021) in ''Economic and Political Weekly'' vol. LVIII no. 16 (22 April 2023), pp. 29–30.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2023-04-20 |title=Locating the Present in the Past |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2023/16/book-reviews/locating-present-past.html |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |language=en |volume=58 |issue=16}}</ref>
* REVIEW: Keelan Overton (ed.)'', Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation, 1400-1700'' (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2020) in ''Bulletin of the School of the Oriental and African Studies'', vol. 83 issue 3 (Oct 2020), pp. 538–539.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|date=2020|title=REVIEW: Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation, 1400-1700 (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2020)|url=|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|volume=83|pages=538–539|doi=10.1017/S0041977X20003006|s2cid=230670810}}</ref>
* REVIEW: Shonaleeka Kaul, ''The Making of Early Kashmir: Landscape and Identity in the Rajatarangini'' (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2018) in ''LA Landscape: Journal of Landscape Architecture'', issue 55 (2018), pp. 113–115.
* REVIEW: Richard M. Eaton and Phillip B. Wagoner, ''Power, Memory, Architecture: Contested Sites on India's Deccan Plateau, 1300-1600'' (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014) on H-Asia, H-Net Reviews (May 2017).[https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=49387]
* REVIEW: Thomas R. Trautmann, ''Elephants and Kings: an environmental history'' (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015) in ''South Asian History and Culture'', vol. 7, no. 4 (2016), pp. 434–436.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|date=2016|title=REVIEW: Thomas R. Trautmann, Elephants and Kings: an environmental history (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015)|url=|journal=South Asian History and Culture|volume=7|pages=434–436|doi=10.1080/19472498.2016.1223717|s2cid=151664678}}</ref>
* REVIEW: Nile Green, ''Making Space: Sufis and Settlers in Early Modern India'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) in ''International Journal of Islamic Architecture'', vol. 5, no. 1 (Mar 2016), pp. 213–214.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sohoni|first=Pushkar|date=2016|title=REVIEW: Nile Green, Making Space: Sufis and Settlers in Early Modern India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)|url=|journal=International Journal of Islamic Architecture|volume=5|pages=213–214|doi=10.1386/ijia.5.1.203_5}}</ref>

=== Academic blogs, Online Essays, and Popular Writing ===

* 'स्थापत्यावरील इस्लामी व युरोपीय प्रभाव' (Sthāpatyāvarīla islāmī āṇi yuropīya prabhāva) in ''भवताल दिवाळी अंक २०२४'' (Bhavatāla Divāḷī añka 2024), pp. 98–105.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavatal |url=https://bhavatal.com/diwali-magazine-2024 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Bhavatal |language=en}}</ref>
* 'किल्ल्यांच्या रचनेतील देवाणघेवाण' (Killyāñcā racanetīla devāṇaghevāṇa) in ''भवताल दिवाळी अंक २०२४'' (Bhavatāla Divāḷī añka 2024), pp. . 108–113.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavatal |url=https://bhavatal.com/diwali-magazine-2024 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Bhavatal |language=en}}</ref>
* 'मराठ्यांचा पट्टा' (Marāṭhyāñcā paṭṭā) in ''भवताल दिवाळी अंक २०२४'' (Bhavatāla Divāḷī añka 2024), pp. 114–115.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavatal |url=https://bhavatal.com/diwali-magazine-2024 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Bhavatal |language=en}}</ref>
* 'महिरप' (Mahirap) in ''भवताल दिवाळी अंक २०२४'' (Bhavatāla Divāḷī añka 2024), pp. 106–107.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavatal |url=https://bhavatal.com/diwali-magazine-2024 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Bhavatal |language=en}}</ref>
* '[https://www.aisiakshare.com/node/8753 अहमदनगर ते अहिल्यानगर: नामांतर आणि ऐतिहासिक कोलांटीउड्या (अनुवाद: चैत्रा रेडकर)]' (Ahamadanagara te Āhilyānagara: nāmāntara āṇi aitihāsika kolāṇṭīuḍyā) in ''ऐसी अक्षरे'' (''Aisī Akśare).''
* '[https://aisiakshare.com/node/8261 वास्तुविचार: पहाडापासून धुळीपर्यंत]' (Vāstuvicāra: pahāḍāpāsuna dhuḷīparyanta) in ''ऐसी अक्षरे दिवाळी अंक २०२१'' (Aisī Akśare Divāḷī añka 2021).
* '[https://map.sahapedia.org/inpune/theme/Museums%20and%20Collections/3 Museums and Collections in Pune]' on ''Sahapedia'' / In Pune.
* '[https://map.sahapedia.org/inpune/theme/Academic%20sites/4 Educational and Research Institutes in Pune]' on ''Sahapedia'' / In Pune.
* '[https://www.livehistoryindia.com/cover-story/2020/11/10/burhanpur Burhanpur: Gateway to the Deccan]' for ''Live History India''.
* '[https://www.livehistoryindia.com/cover-story/2020/05/07/ahmadnagar-heritage Ahmadnagar: The Sultans' Fading Legacy]' for ''Live History India''.
* '[https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/cover-story/of-elephants-men-and-diplomacy-gone-wrong/ Of Elephants, Men, and Diplomacy Gone Wrong]' for the site ''Live History India''.
* '[https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/cover-story/nizam-shahs-of-ahmadnagar-first-among-equals/ Nizam Shahs of Ahmadnagar: First among Equals]' for the site ''Live History India''.
* '[https://sites.utexas.edu/iasc21/2015/08/24/primary-sourcing-traveling-for-collection-development/ Primary Sourcing: Traveling for Collection Development]' for the site ''International and Area Studies Collections in the 21st Century''.
* '[https://uniqueatpenn.wordpress.com/2013/12/11/indian-diaries/ Indian Diaries at Penn]' for the site ''Unique at Penn''.
* '[https://uniqueatpenn.wordpress.com/2013/08/12/collecting-unusual-material-notes-from-the-field/ Collecting Unusual Material: Notes from the Field]' for the site ''Unique at Penn''.
* '[https://uniqueatpenn.wordpress.com/2012/09/21/films-in-press/ Films in Press]' for the site ''Unique at Penn''.

=== Opinion Piece ===

* '[https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/ahmednagars-name-change-erases-its-rich-multi-cultural-history-opinion-101685817504267.html Ahmednagar to Ahilyanagar: The flair for name-dropping]', opinion piece in ''Hindustan Times'' (Mumbai edition), 4 June 2023.
* 'Reflecting Trends in Architecture', feature article in ''The Times of India,'' Pune, Real Estate Supplement, March 1999.

=== Column for ''Pune Mirror'': 'By the Wayside' ===

* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/pioneers-walkway/articleshow/65815431.cms Pioneer's Walkway] (15 September 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/at-the-city-square/articleshow/65627652.cms At the City Square] (1 September 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/raising-the-bar/articleshow/65073865.cms Raising the Bar] (21 July 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/air-time/articleshow/64888068.cms Air Time] (7 July 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/memories-of-battle/articleshow/64128694.cms Memories of Battle] (12 May 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/the-garpir-cantonment/articleshow/63945677.cms The Garpir Cantonment] (27 April 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/inside-the-deccan-war-hospital/articleshow/63548776.cms Inside the Deccan War Hospital] (31 March 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/in-the-name-of-nanacha-ghoda/articleshow/63336230.cms In the Name of Nanacha Ghoda] (17 March 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/sentinels-of-chaturshringi/articleshow/63139179.cms Sentinels of Chaturshringi] (3 March 2018)
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/shimla-office-in-pune/articleshow/62951344.cms Shimla Office in Pune] (16 February 2018).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/the-progressive-stead/articleshow/62762335.cms The Progressive Stead] (3 February 2018).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/minimum-surveillance-plan/articleshow/62477918.cms Minimum Surveillance Plan] (14 January 2018).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/off-the-press/articleshow/62299107.cms Off the Press] (30 December 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/inside-deccan-college/articleshow/61883526.cms Inside Deccan College] (2 December 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/taking-the-museum-to-the-market/articleshow/61692787.cms Taking the Museum to the Market] (18 November 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/keeping-the-faith/articleshow/61496992.cms Keeping the Faith] (4 November 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/the-lost-ensemble/articleshow/60974889.cms The Lost Ensemble] (7 October 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/planting-the-roots-of-empire/articleshow/60701634.cms Planting the Roots of Empire] (16 September 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/a-controversy-over-tea/articleshow/60328519.cms A Controversy over Tea] (2 September 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/the-battle-of-wwi-memorials/articleshow/60123251.cms The Battle of WW I Memorials] (19 August 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/the-curious-case-of-the-chapekar-brothers/articleshow/59812136.cms The Curious Case of the Chapekar Brothers] (29 Jul 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/the-tale-of-the-two-synagogues/articleshow/59599614.cms The Tale of the Two Synagogues] (15 July 2017).
* [https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/checking-into-napier-hotel/articleshow/59391830.cms Checking into Napier Hotel] (1 July 2017).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sohoni, Pushkar}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania historians]]

Dhenkanal Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-30T11:39:31Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: created a stub...

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Dhenkanal {{Small|OD-9}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Odisha/Dhenkanal.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Dhenkanal Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Odisha]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| electors = 15,33,702{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
| incumbent_image = Rudra Narayan Pany MP 2024.jpg
| mp = [[Rudra Narayan Pany]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}[[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| assembly_cons = [[Dhenkanal Assembly constituency|Dhenkanal]] [[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol]] [[Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency|Kamakhyanagar]] [[Parjanga Assembly constituency|Parjanga]] [[Pallahara Assembly constituency|Pallahara]] [[Talcher (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Talcher]] [[Angul Assembly constituency|Angul]]
}}

'''Dhenkanal Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 21 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Odisha, India|Odisha]] state in eastern [[India]].

==Assembly Segments==

After delimitation of Dhenkanal Lok Sabha [[constituency]], the seven legislative assembly segments which constitute this parliamentary constituency are<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619070051/http://eci.nic.in/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|date=19 June 2009}}</ref> Before [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] in 2008, legislative assembly segments which constituted this parliamentary constituency were: [[Birmaharajpur]], [[Athmallik]], [[Anugul|Angul]], [[Hindol]], [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]], Gondia and [[Kamakshyanagar|Kamakhyanagar]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Orissa
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|accessdate=2008-09-20
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304184320/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|archivedate=2009-03-04}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|55
|[[Dhenkanal Assembly constituency|Dhenkanal]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
|[[Krushna Chandra Patra]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|56
|[[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol]] (SC)
|[[Simarani Nayak]]
|-
|57
|[[Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency|Kamakhyanagar]]
|[[Satrughan Jena]]
|-
|58
|[[Parjanga Assembly constituency|Parjanga]]
|[[Bibhuti Bhusan Pradhan]]
|-
|59
|[[Pallahara Assembly constituency|Pallahara]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Angul district|Angul]]
|[[Ashok Mohanty]]
|-
|60
|[[Talcher (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Talcher]]
|[[Braja Kishore Pradhan]]
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|{{party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|61
|[[Angul Assembly constituency|Angul]]
|[[Pratap Chandra Pradhan]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Elected members ==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|50.24}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|46.14}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|33.25}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|31.05}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|53.59}}
{{bar percent|1999|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|61.75}}
{{bar percent|1998|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|51.02}}
{{bar percent|1996|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.65}}
{{bar percent|1991|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.23}}
{{bar percent|1989|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|58.94}}
{{bar percent|1984|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|72.74}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|63.04}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}|56.69}}
{{bar percent|1971|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.23}}
}}

Since its formation in 1952, 18 elections have been held till date. It was a two-member constituency in 1952.

List of members elected from Dhenkanal constituency are

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''As Dhenkanal West Cuttack Constituency''}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|[[Niranjan Jena]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Sarangadhar Das]]
|{{full party name with color|Socialist Party}}
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''As Dhenkanal Constituency''}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Surendra Mohanty]]
|{{full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Baishnab Charan Patnaik]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Devendra Satpathy]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Bhajaman Behara]]
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Tathagata Satpathy]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Tathagata Satpathy]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=4|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Dhenkanal 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=15&pcname=Dhenkanal&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Dhenkanal 2014 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=16&pcname=Dhenkanal&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<ref name="election2019" />
|[[Mahesh Sahoo]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dhenkanal lok sabha election results 2024: Dhenkanal Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/odisha/dhenkanal-constituency-result-18509 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Rudra Narayan Pany]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25 May 2024 in 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Rudra Narayan Pany]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Avinash Samal by a margin of 76,567 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rudra Narayan Pany]]
|votes = 5,98,721
|percentage = 50.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Avinash Samal
|votes = 5,22,154
|percentage = 43.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sashmita Behera
|votes = 34,730
|percentage = 2.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 13,777
|percentage = 1.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 76,567
|percentage = 6.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,02,003
|percentage = 78.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Mahesh Sahoo]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Rudra Narayan Pany]] by a margin of 35,412 votes.<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=General Election 2019 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |access-date=22 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]]<ref name="SP Par Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates (Phase-II) (PC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase2/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%282nd%20Phase-PC%20Wise%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=15 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Mahesh Sahoo]]
|votes = {{formatnum:522884}}
|percentage = 46.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rudra Narayan Pany]]
|votes = {{formatnum:487472}}
|percentage = 43.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]
|votes = {{formatnum:80349}}
|percentage = 7.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:11254}}
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:35412}}
|percentage = 3.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:1133213}}
|percentage = 75.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Tathagata Satpathy]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Rudra Narayan Pany]] by a margin of 1,37,340 votes.<ref name=":1" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Tathagata Satpathy]]
|votes = 453,277
|percentage = 43.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rudra Narayan Pany]]
|votes = 315,937
|percentage = 30.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sudhir Kumar Samal
|votes = 213,794
|percentage = 20.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 13,205
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 137,340
|percentage = 13.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,042,111
|percentage = 76.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Tathagata Satpathy]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Chandra Sekhar Tripathi by a margin of 1,86,587 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Tathagata Satpathy]]
|votes = 398,568
|percentage = 31.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chandra Sekhar Tripathi
|votes = 211,981
|percentage = 16.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rudra Narayan Pany]]
|votes = 208,296
|percentage = 16.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 186,587
|percentage = 21.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 856,631
|percentage = 66.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|20.662499|85.598593|display=title}}
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Odisha}}
{{Odisha elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhenkanal Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Odisha]]
[[Category:Dhenkanal district]]
[[Category:Angul district]]

Mussoorie Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-03-29T12:52:36Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: new

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Mussoorie Wildlife Sanctuary Benog Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| iucn_ref =
| image =
| image_caption =
| map = India Uttarakhand#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| coordinates = {{coord|30|27|55|N|78|0|45|E|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| established = 2 September 1993
| area_km2 = 10.82
| elevation =
| nearest_city = [[Mussoorie]]
| governing_body =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mussoorie Wildlife Sanctuary''' also known as '''Benog Wildlife Sanctuary''', is a [[Protected areas of India|protected area]] and [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] located about {{cvt|11|km}} [[Mussoorie]] in the [[Dehradun district]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wii.gov.in/eia/wildlife_database/Uttaranchal|title=Wildlife sanctuaries in Uttarakhand|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> It was declared as a protected area on 2 September 1993.

== Description ==
Located on the foothills of the [[Himalayas]], the sanctuary covers an area of {{cvt|10.82|km2}} and forms a part of the [[Rajaji National Park]].<ref name="Compendium">{{cite report|url=https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-04/9%20Compendium%20Book_2021_Low%20%281%29%20%282%29.pdf|title=National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|date=November 2021|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/uttarakhand/mussoorie/benog-wildlife-sanctuary|title=Benog wildlife sanctuary|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

The protected area consists of moist [[temperate forest]]s with [[deodar tree|deodar]] and [[oak]] trees. Fauna found in the sanctuary include [[leopard]], [[Indian elephant]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[lion-tailed macaque]], [[Himalayan goat]], and [[antelopes]]. Birds include [[mountain quail]], [[red-breasted partridge]], [[brahminy kite]], and [[red-billed blue magpie ]] amongst others.<ref name="Compendium"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Protected Areas of India}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Dehradun district]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1993]]

Valiathan

2026-03-26T17:12:41Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Done...

{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
'''Valiathan''', alternatively '''Vallyathan''', is a title, and now family name,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Gokul M. |date=2017-01-07 |title=Meet our Malayali ‘flash’ cartoonist |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/Jan/07/meet-our-malayali-flash-cartoonist-1556913.html |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> held by a group of [[Nair]] families, all branches along the matrilineal line of the main Valiathan family, who are known as the Valiathan.

According to legend, it is said that the Maharajah [[Marthanda Varma]] of [[Travancore royal family|Travancore]] sought the help of the Vattaparambil, later Valiathan, family in order to overcome the powerful clan of [[Ettuveetil Pillamar]], the Lords of the Eight Houses. The Maharajah and his heir apparent, the popular Dharmarajah, therefore addressed the oldest, and most powerful, lady of the Vattaparambil House as Valiyamma. Later the lord of the House died in battle against the Ettuveetil Pillamar, leaving the family without a head figure. When Marthanda Varma finally became king, he gave the title of "Valiathan" to the family.

The family is based in [[Keerikkad|Keerikad]] (Fort Vattaparambil). They also have branches in [[Thiruvalla]] and [[Pandalam]]. The Thiruvalla branch had marital relations with the [[Nedumpuram Palace|Nedumpuram]] royal family there while the Pandalam family, known as Thottathil, had relations with the [[Pandalam dynasty|Royal Family of Pandalam]].

Today, these three families, known collectively as the Valiathans, constitute a [[Caste|subcaste]] of the Nair community. They are not permitted to intermarry as they are matrilineal branches of the same family under the [[Marumakkathayam]] law.

== Notable people ==
*[[M. S. Valiathan]] (born 1934), an Indian cardiac surgeon<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-18 |title=Dr. M.S. Valiathan leaves behind a legacy of medical innovation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/dr-mv-sankaran-valiathan-leaves-behind-a-legacy-of-medical-innovation/article68416828.ece |access-date=2026-03-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-18 |title=Renowned cardiologist M S Valiathan passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/renowned-cardiologist-m-s-valiathan-passes-away/articleshow/111838316.cms |access-date=2026-03-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*[[V. S. Valiathan]] (1919–2006), an Indian artist<ref>{{Cite web |last=kikpd |title=The Hindu : A mixed palette |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/01/stories/2002080101060300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030701030221/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/01/stories/2002080101060300.htm |archive-date=2003-07-01 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=www.hindu.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname}}
[[Category:Malayalam-language surnames]]

Tara (Mahavidya)

2026-03-18T19:50:48Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{Short description|Hindu goddess}}
{{About|the Hindu goddess, a form of Adi Parashakti |the Buddhist bodhisattva|Tara (Buddhism)|Brihaspati's wife|Tara (Hindu goddess)}}
{{Redirect|Tara Devi|the Nepali singer|Tara Devi (singer)}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Tara lithograph.jpg
| caption = A lithograph of Tara
| name = Tara
| Devanagari = तारा
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Tārā
| venerated_in = [[Shaktism]] and [[Shaivism]]
| planet = [[Jupiter]]
| affiliation = Form of [[Mahadevi|Adi Parashakti]]
| consort = [[Shiva]] in the form of [[Rudra]]
| god_of =
| weapon = {{hlist|Khadaga|flaying knife|skull}}
| member_of = the [[Mahavidya]]
| temple = [[Tarapith temple|Tarapith Temple, Tarapith]]
}}

In the [[Shaivism]] and [[Shaktism]] tradition of [[Hinduism]], the goddess '''Tara''' ({{langx|sa|तारा}}, {{langx|bn|তারা}}, {{IAST3|Tārā}}) is the second of the ten [[Mahavidyas]]. She is considered a form of [[Adishakti]], the [[Tantra|tantric]] manifestation of [[Parvati]]. Her three most famous forms are Ekajaṭā, Ugratara, and Nīlasarasvatī (also spelled Neelasaraswati, Neela Saraswati, or Neelsaraswati).<ref name="Shastri 1998">{{Cite book|last=Shastri|first=Hirananda|title=The Origin and Cult of Tara|year=1998}}</ref> Her most famous centre of worship is the temple and the cremation ground of [[Tarapith]] in West Bengal, India.

==Legends==
The commonly known origin of Tara is from the 17th chapter of the ''[[Rudrayamala|Rudrayāmala]]'' which describes the initial unsuccessful attempts of the sage [[Vasishtha|Vasiṣṭha]] in worshipping Tara, and the subsequent meeting with the god [[Vishnu]] in the form of [[The Buddha in Hinduism|Buddha]] in the region called Mahācīna (Tibet) and his eventual success by the means of ''[[Kaula (Hinduism)|kaula]]'' rites. She is also described as the form of the ''[[Atharvaveda]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Avalon|first=Arthur|title=Shakti and Shakta|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/tantra/sas/sas08.htm|website=Sacred Texts}}</ref> Her [[Bhairava]] is named [[Shiva|Akṣobhya]].<ref name="Bühnemann">{{Cite journal|last=Bühnemann|first=Gudrun|title=The Goddess Mahācīnakrama-Tārā (Ugra-Tārā) in Buddhist and Hindu Tantrism|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies}}</ref> According to the ''Svatantratantra'', Tara protects her devotees from difficult (ugra) dangers and so she is also known as Ugratārā.<ref name="autogenerated18">Pravrajika Vedantaprana, Saptahik Bartaman, Volume 28, Issue 23, Bartaman Private Ltd., 6, JBS Haldane Avenue, 700 105 (ed. 10 October 2015) p.18</ref> The goddess is all-pervading and also manifests on Earth.<ref name="autogenerated18" />

== Historical origin ==
Tara-related beliefs are probably an amalgamation of the beliefs linked to Bhīmā or Nīlā in the geographical region of [[Oddiyana|Oḍḍiyāna]] which has experienced Buddhist influence. The syncretism between Shaivist and Buddhist cults created a congenial atmosphere for the formation of the traditions of Tārā, both a Hindu and a Buddhist goddess. Her pleasant forms were popular amongst the Buddhists, while the cult of Bhīmā-Ekajaṭā was popular mainly amongst the Shaivas, from whom it merged into Vajrayana Buddhism until it was reintroduced by Vasiṣtha from Mahācīna, which is identified on the basis of the Śaktisaṅgamatantra as a small geographical entity between [[Mount Kailash|Kailasa]], South East of the lake [[Lake Manasarovar|Manasarovar]] and near Lake [[Lake Rakshastal|Rakshas Tal]],<ref name="Bhattacharya 2003">{{Cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Bikas Kumar|title=Tara in Hinduism:Study with Textual and Iconographical Documentation|publisher=Eastern Book Linkers|year=2003|isbn=8178540215}}</ref> or alternatively located somewhere in Central Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-31|title=Locating Mahāchīna|url=https://www.kamakotimandali.com/2021/03/31/locating-mahachina/|access-date=2021-07-25|website=Sri Kamakoti Mandali|language=en-US|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414041958/https://www.kamakotimandali.com/2021/03/31/locating-mahachina/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of the forms of the deity like Mahācīnakrama Tara, also known as Ugra-Tara, are worshipped in both Hindu and Buddhist systems. Her ''[[sādhanā]]'' described by Śāśvatavajra, which was included in the Buddhist collection of sadhanas called the Sādhanāśatapañcāśikā, which was incorporated in the ''Phetkarīyatantra'' and was quoted in tantric manuals like the ''Bṛhat-tantrasāra'' by Kṛṣṇānanda Agamavāgīśa with some aspects of the iconography and the subsequent interpretations differing between the Hindu and Buddhist systems.<ref name="Bühnemann"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tara (Buddhist Deity) (Himalayan Art)|url=https://www.himalayanart.org/items/59743|access-date=2021-07-15|website=www.himalayanart.org}}</ref>

== Iconography ==
[[File:Kali Tara.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kali (left) and Tara (right) have similar iconography]]
[[File:The Hindu Goddess Ugratara (Violent Tara) LACMA M.81.206.8.jpg|thumb|Tara in a form of Ugra-Tara (Violent Tara) in Newari style.]]
Tara is often described in these chapters as a fierce deity, holding kartrī (knife), ''khaḍga'' (sword), ''chamara'' ([[Fly-whisk]]) or ''indivara'' (lotus) and a single matted braid over her head. She is dark in complexion, tall, with a bulging belly, wears tiger pelts, with her left foot on the chest of a corpse and her right foot placed on a lion or between the thighs of the corpse. She has a terrifying laugh and is fearsome. The goddess Tīkṣṇakāntā, who is also considered a form of Tara in the ''Kalika Purana'', has similar iconography with dark-complexion and a single braid (ekajaṭā), and is also pot-bellied.<ref name="Bhattacharya 2003" />

Hindu goddess [[Kali]] and Tara are similar in appearance. They both are described as standing upon a supine corpse sometimes identified with Shiva. However, while Kali is described as black, Tara is described as blue. Both wear minimal clothing, however Tara wears a tiger-skin skirt, while Kali wears only a girdle of severed human arms. Both wear a [[Mundamala|garland of severed human heads]]. Both have a lolling tongue, and blood oozes from their mouths. Their appearances are so strikingly similar that it is easy to mistake one for the other. Tara is shown standing in the ''pratyalidha'' stance (in which the left foot is forward). Her [[Bhairava]] (consort) is Akshobhya, a form of [[Shiva]] who is in the form of a [[nāga|naga]] (serpent) coiled around her matted hair. She wears a crown made of 5 skulls connected with plates of bone. Eight forms of Tara are attested in the ''Māyātantra'' quoted in the tantric compendium ''Tantrasāra'' and the names are Ekajaṭa, Ugra-Tara, Mahogra, Kameshvari-Tara, Chamunda, Nila-Sarasvati (Neelasaraswati or 'Blue Saraswati'), Vajra-Tara and Bhadrakali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharyya |first=N. N. |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofsaktare0000bhat/page/68/mode/2up?view=theater&q=tara |title=History of the Śākta religion |date=1996 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=81-215-0713-8 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi |oclc=35741883}}</ref>

== Scriptures ==
Tantric scriptures that describe the worship of Tara include ''Tārātantra'', ''Brahmayāmala,'' ''Rudrayāmala,'' ''Nīlatantra''/''Bṛhannīlatantra'', ''Tārātantra'', ''Nīlasarasvatītantra'' as well as various tantric compendia like ''[[Brihat Tantrasara|Tantrasara]]'' by [[Krishnananda Agamavagisha|Agamavagisha]], ''Prāṇatoṣiṇī'', ''Tārābhaktisudhārṇava'' by Narasiṃha Thakkura, or ''Tārārahasya'' by Brahmānanda Giri.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Bikas Kumar|title=Tara in Hinduism, Study with Textual and Iconographical Identification|publisher=Eastern Book Linkers|year=2003|isbn=8178540215}}</ref>

Tara is mentioned in the ''[[Devi Bhagavata Purana]]'', which states that Nīla Sarasvatī is widely known in Cīna — a term that, in many contexts, refers to regions north or northeast of the Himalayas, including Tibet, Xinjiang, or Central Asia. In certain Tantric traditions, Tara is identified with Nīla Sarasvatī, a fierce blue form of Sarasvatī associated with protection and esoteric knowledge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Devi Bhagavatam: The Seventh Book: Chapter 38 |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk07ch38.htm |access-date=2021-07-24 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> and also that Svarocisha Manu worshipped the deity on the banks of the Kalindi ([[Yamunanagar|Yamuna]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Devi Bhagavatam: The Tenth Book: Chapter 8 |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk10ch08.htm |access-date=2021-07-24 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> She is also attested in the ''[[Kalika Purana]]'''s 61st, 79th and 80th chapter.

== Modern traditions ==
In Bengal, the literary works of [[Ramprasad Sen]] gave a new phase to the classical secretive worship of Tara, and his devotionalism influenced the image of the deity. He addresses Tara as a daughter in his songs. [[Bamakhepa|Sadhak Bamakhepa]] also was a famous siddha of Tara in the modern era. These devotees introduced a public devotional dimension to the secretive tantric worship of this deity and emphasised her motherliness.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Bikas Kumar|title=Tara in Hinduism:Study with Tetual and Iconographic Documentation|publisher=Eastern Book Linkers|year=2003|isbn=8178540215}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|2}}
*{{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Sumanta |title= Logic in a Popular Form: Essays on Popular Religion in Bengal|year=2002 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn= 81-7046-162-6 }}
*{{Cite book |last= Kinsley | first=David R. |title= Hindu Goddesses:Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HzldwMHeS6IC&q=%22hindu+goddesses%22+kinsley |year=1988 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn= 0-520-06339-2 }}
*{{Cite book | last= Kinsley | first=David R. | title= Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahāvidyās | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oMW8WTrotKsC&q=Tantric+Visions+of+the+Divine+Feminine&pg=PP1 | year=1997 | publisher= [[Motilal Banarsidass]] | location= New Delhi | isbn= 978-0-520-20499-7 }}
*{{Cite book |last= MacDaniel |first=June |title= Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=caeJpIj9SdkC&q=editions |year=2004 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 0-19-516790-2 }}
*{{Cite book |last= MacDaniel |first=June |title= The Madness of the Saints: Ecstatic Religion in Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZxE__t1rlEC |year=1989 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=0-226-55723-5 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Shankaranarayanan |first=Sri |title=The Ten Great Cosmic Powers |year=1972 |publisher=Dipti Publications |isbn= 81-85208-38-7 }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Tārā (Mahāvidyā)}}
{{Portal|Hinduism}}
* [http://tarapith.com/ Official Tarapith Website]

{{Mahavidya}}
{{Hindu Deities and Texts}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]
[[Category:Mahavidyas]]
[[Category:Forms of Parvati]]
[[Category:Taras]]

Simran Choudhary

2026-03-15T04:42:51Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Info

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Simran Choudhary
| image = Simran Choudhary in a Lehenga.jpg
| caption = Choudhary in 2022
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (present-day [[Telangana]]), India
| alma_mater = [[St Francis College for Women]]
| occupation = Actress, model, classical dancer<ref name="Dance is my first love: Simran Choudhary">{{cite news |work=Deccan Chronicle |first1= |title=Dance is my first love: Simran Choudhary |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/220618/dance-is-my-first-love-simran-choudhary.html |access-date=11 January 2022 |date=22 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111155956/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/220618/dance-is-my-first-love-simran-choudhary.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| years_active = 2010–present
| known_for = ''[[Ee Nagaraniki Emaindhi|Ee Nagaraniki Emaindi]]''
| title = Miss India Telangana 2017
}}

'''Simran Choudhary''' is an Indian actress and model who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]]. She won the title of [[Femina Miss India]] Telangana 2017. Simran made her lead film debut in 2014 with the Telugu film ''Hum Tum''.<ref name="These drool-worthy photos of model-turned-actress Simran Choudhary will drive away your Monday blues">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=These drool-worthy photos of model-turned-actress Simran Choudhary will drive away your Monday blues |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/these-drool-worthy-photos-of-model-turned-actress-simran-choudhary-will-drive-away-your-monday-blues/photostory/71376273.cms |accessdate=15 August 2021 |date=30 September 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815070413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/these-drool-worthy-photos-of-model-turned-actress-simran-choudhary-will-drive-away-your-monday-blues/photostory/71376273.cms?picid=71376284 |archivedate=15 August 2021 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Choudhary was born and brought up in [[Hyderabad]]. She has done her schooling from DRS international School and completed her graduation from St. Francis College for Women, Hyderabad.<ref name="Simran Choudhary-Miss India Contestants-Miss India-Beauty Pageant">{{cite news |work=Femina Miss India |title=Simran Choudhary-Miss India Contestants-Miss India-Beauty Pageant |url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/miss-india-contestants/2017/simran-choudhary/contestantprofile/57484860.cms?from=mdr |access-date=11 January 2022 |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111154924/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/miss-india-contestants/2017/simran-choudhary/contestantprofile/57484860.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=11 January 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
Choudhary started her career as a model and participated in many contests, and she won the titles of Tollywood Miss Hyderabad, in 2017 Femina Miss India Telangana, Miss Talented. She made her lead debut in the year 2014 in the Telugu film ''Hum Tum''.<ref name="Pageant title not passport to acting">{{cite news |work=Deccan Chronicle |first1= |title=Pageant title not passport to acting |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/290919/pageant-title-not-passport-to-acting.html |access-date=22 January 2022 |date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122114200/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/290919/pageant-title-not-passport-to-acting.html |archive-date=22 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Note
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Varudu]]'' || Sandy's friend ||
|-
| 2014
|''Hum Tum''
|Pallavi
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/hum-tum/movie-review/30414323.cms|title=Hum Tum|date=13 February 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Ee Nagaraniki Emaindhi]]''
|Shilpa
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Bombhaat]]''
|Maya
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sushanth Reddy teams up with Simran in 'Bombhaat'|url=https://telanganatoday.com/sushanth-reddy-teams-up-with-simran-in-bombhaat|access-date=2020-09-22|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Priyadarshi, Sushanth Reddy, Simran Choudhary and Chandini Chowdary working on a film together?">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=Priyadarshi, Sushanth Reddy, Simran Choudhary and Chandini Chowdary working on a film together? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/priyadarshi-sushanth-reddy-simran-choudhary-and-chandini-chowdary-working-on-a-film-together/articleshow/69023622.cms?from=mdr |access-date=11 January 2022 |date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111160433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/priyadarshi-sushanth-reddy-simran-choudhary-and-chandini-chowdary-working-on-a-film-together/articleshow/69023622.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=11 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|[[Check (film)|''Check '']]
|Varna
|
|-
|''[[Paagal]]''
|Sofie
|<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/paagal-teaser-vishwak-sen-promises-a-perfect-family-entertainer-packed-with-romance-action/articleshow/81086541.cms|title=''Paagal'' teaser: Vishwak Sen promises a perfect family entertainer packed with romance, action|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="Ee Single Chinnode from Vishwak Sen, Simran Choudhary, Nivetha Pethuraj starrer Paagal released">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=Ee Single Chinnode from Vishwak Sen, Simran Choudhary, Nivetha Pethuraj starrer Paagal released |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/ee-single-chinnode-from-vishwak-sen-simran-choudhary-nivetha-pethuraj-starrer-paagal-released/articleshow/83205047.cms |accessdate=15 August 2021 |date=3 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815065908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/ee-single-chinnode-from-vishwak-sen-simran-choudhary-nivetha-pethuraj-starrer-paagal-released/articleshow/83205047.cms |archivedate=15 August 2021 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2022
| ''[[Sehari]]''|| Amulya
| <ref name="Title song of Harsh Kanumilli and Simran Choudhary starrer Sehari out">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=Title song of Harsh Kanumilli and Simran Choudhary starrer Sehari out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/title-song-of-harsh-kanumilli-and-simran-choudhary-starrer-sehari-out/articleshow/83309270.cms?from=mdr |access-date=11 January 2022 |date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111155209/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/title-song-of-harsh-kanumilli-and-simran-choudhary-starrer-sehari-out/articleshow/83309270.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=11 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2023
|''[[Atharva (2023 film)|Atharva]]''|| Nithya
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Aa Okkati Adakku (2024 film)|Aa Okkati Adakku]]''
| A bride||Cameo appearance in the song "Rajadhi Raja"
|-
|[[Love Me (2024 Indian film)|''Love Me'']]
|Pinky
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2026
|''[[Vanaveera]]''||Indhu
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{commonscat|Simran Choudhary}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm9876444}}

[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:1996 births]]

Hulikal Nataraj

2026-03-13T21:57:04Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Adding Details...

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Hulikal K. Nataraj
| full name =
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Hulikal Nataraj (2025).jpg
| image_upright =
| landscape =
| alt = Hulikal Nataraj in 2025
| caption = Hulikal Nataraj in 2025
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|12|29}}
| birth_place = Hulikal, [[Turuvekere]], [[Tumkur]], Karnataka<ref name="two"/>
| other_names =
| siglum =
| citizenship = Indian
| education = [[Master of Arts]] in miracle busting, [[human psychology]], [[B.Ed]]<ref name="three">{{Cite web |title=Personal Details |url=https://hulikalnataraj.weebly.com/personal-details.html |website=[[Weebly]] }}</ref>
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Mythbuster, teacher, author and actor
| years_active =
| era =
| employer = Miracle Research Centre<ref name="three"/>
| organization = Swamy Vivekananda School
| agent = 
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style =
| television =
| height = 
| title = 
| term =
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| children = 2
| parents = 
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| website = {{URL|https://hulikalnataraj.weebly.com/}}
| module =
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'''Hulikal K. Nataraj''' is an Indian [[myth]] buster, teacher, author and actor in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deepika |first=K. C. |date=September 14, 2017 |title=The growing army of rationalists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/the-growing-army-of-rationalists/article19685979.ece |access-date=2026-02-12 |work=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2025-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823211558/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/the-growing-army-of-rationalists/article19685979.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Deepika |first=K. C. |date=September 14, 2017 |title=Once godmen, they are now rationalists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/once-godmen-they-are-now-rationalists/article19686687.ece |access-date=2026-02-12 |work=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2025-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250819115341/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/once-godmen-they-are-now-rationalists/article19686687.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fb |title=ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಕದಿಯಲಾಗದ ಆಸ್ತಿ: ಡಾ.ಹುಲಿಕಲ್ ನಟರಾಜ್ |url=https://www.kannadaprabha.in/karnataka-news/education-is-an-asset-that-cannot-be-stolen-dr-hulikal-nataraj/articleshow-0wyclxy |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=kannadaprabha.in |publisher=[[Kannada Prabha]] |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/bengaluru-urban/hulikal-nataraj-miracle-plains-free-training-workshop-know-how-to-apply-lc18-846944.html |website=kannada.news18.com |title=Hulikal Nataraj: ನೀವೂ ಪವಾಡ ಬಯಲು ಮಾಡಿ! ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ತರಬೇತಿ |publisher=[[Network18 Group]] |language=kn |archive-date=2024-09-12 |access-date=2026-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912092417/https://kannada.news18.com/news/bengaluru-urban/hulikal-nataraj-miracle-plains-free-training-workshop-know-how-to-apply-lc18-846944.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 2, 2013 |title=Exposing 'miracles' is his mission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/exposing-miracles-is-his-mission/article5190326.ece |access-date=2026-02-12 |work=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

He is the president of the Karnataka State Scientific Research Council<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 4, 2025 |title=Telescope manufacturing camp: Students from across state felicitated in Mandya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/telescope-manufacturing-camp-students-from-across-state-felicitated-in-mandya/articleshow/125092669.cms |access-date=2026-02-12 |work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and founder and chairman of State Scientific Research Parishat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 5, 2025 |title=Basava Samskriti Abhiyan organised in Yadgir |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/basava-samskriti-abhiyan-organised-in-yadgir/article70012711.ece |access-date=2026-02-12 |work=thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2025-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006150101/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/basava-samskriti-abhiyan-organised-in-yadgir/article70012711.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

He has written books and has appeared in programs in Kannada news channels, on busting myths, miracles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contibution [sic] to Kannada Literature |url=http://hulikalnataraj.weebly.com/contibution-to-kannada-literature.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Hulikal Nataraj Miracle Buster: My Contribution To Kannada Literature... |archive-date=2016-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527003806/http://hulikalnataraj.weebly.com/contibution-to-kannada-literature.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==
He was born in [[Hulikal]], Karnataka.

==Career==
Hulikal Nataraj was inspired by [[Abraham Kovoor]].<ref name="one">{{Cite web |title=About Me.. |url=https://hulikalnataraj.weebly.com/index.html |website=[[Weebly]] }}</ref> He has worked as a teacher for more than 25 years.

He has been a myth buster in Karnataka since 1979<ref name="two">{{Cite web |title=Personal Biography -Hulikal Nataraj |url=https://hulikalnataraj.weebly.com/who-am-i.html |website=[[Weebly]] }}</ref> and has busted more 2000 miracles. He has given more than 9000 programs on miracle/myth busting, all over Karnataka.<ref name="one"/>

==Filmography==
*[[Blink (2024 Indian film)|Blink]] (cameo appearance)
*''[[List of Kannada films of 2018#January–June|Navila Kinnari]]'' (2018)

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWGqmxuMmmH20Urt3lBgMLg Hulikal Nataraj on Youtube]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nataraj, Hulikal}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Heads of schools in India]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-film-actor-1960s-stub}}
{{India-writer-stub}}

Shushrusha's Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Hospital

2026-03-10T11:40:23Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: adjust layout as per guidelines

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox hospital
|name = Shushrusha's Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Hospital
Vikhroli, Mumbai
|logo = 
|org_group = 
|image =
|caption = Front view of Shushrusha's Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Hospital
|location = 201, Rd Number 1, Kannamwar Nagar I, Vikhroli, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400083, India.
|region = Mumbai
|state = Maharashtra
|country = India
|healthcare = Co-operative
|type = Academic
|speciality = Multispecialty
|affiliation =
|beds = 140 beds
|founded = 2014<ref>[http://www.healthydunia.com/article/4102/37/Shushrusha_hospital_launches_a_second_modern_hospital_in_vikhroli_in_its_50th_year.html Shushrusha Hospital launches a second modern hospital in Vikhroli in its 50th year: 2014]</ref>
Main Division at Dadar Shushrusha Citizens' Co-operative Hospital opened 1964
|Employees =
|closed = 
|website =
|other_links =
}}

'''Shushrusha's Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Hospital''' is a hospital in [[Vikhroli]], [[Mumbai]], India, founded in 2014. It is affiliated with the [[Shushrusha Citizens' Co-operative Hospital]] in [[Dadar]], Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthydunia.com/article/4102/37/Shushrusha_hospital_launches_a_second_modern_hospital_in_vikhroli_in_its_50th_year.html|title=Shushrusha Hospital launches a second modern hospital in Vikhroli in its 50th year|year=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222344/http://www.healthydunia.com/article/4102/37/shushrusha_hospital_launches_a_second_modern_hospital_in_vikhroli_in_its_50th_year.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

It is located off the Eastern Expressway in Kannamwar Nagar, Atma Ram Marg, Vikhroli.

== Co-operative concept and organization ==
The Shushrusha hospitals in Dadar and Vikhroli are the only co-operative hospitals in Mumbai.<ref>[http://www.uwcc.wisc.edu/icic/orgs/ica/struc/Regional-Offices1/Regional-Office-for-Asia-and-Pacific1/Asia-Pacific-Co-op-News-Vol--4--No--3--11/APHCO-established--1997-1.html International Co-operative Alliance (ICA), Asia and Pacific Health Co-operative Organisation (APHCO) was established at a general assembly held in Kathmandu, Nepal on 26 August 1997.]</ref><ref>[http://productionslps.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CMHSC14-India.pdf An excerpt from: Better Health & Social Care: How are Co-ops & Mutuals Boosting Innovation & Access Worldwide? An International survey of co-ops and mutuals at work in the health and social care sector (CMHSC14)Volume 2: National Cases: India]</ref>{{Failed verification|date=March 2021}}

== Community services ==

The hospital provides no-cost services for prevention and treatment for physical and mental ailments. Services include (some services may be consolidated with Dadar division):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical & Emergency Services {{!}} Shushrusha Hospital |url=https://www.shushrushahospital.org/medical-emergency-services/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=www.shushrushahospital.org}}</ref>

* Operation theaters
* Cardiac care
* In-home medical and nursing
* Emergency medical services
* [[Joint replacement]]
* Stroke clinic
* Cardiac ambulance
* Blood bank
* Pathology
* Ophthalmic
* Imaging
* Intensive care
* High dependency
* Pediatric
* Dialysis
* Outpatient
* [[Audiometry]]
The hospital serves the community by conducting free camps in the various fields for prevention, diseases and disabilities, both physical and mental.

* [[Smile Train]] Project, in association with the New York Chapter. Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate and related deformities conducted free of cost to all the patients admitted. During the year 161 operations free of cost in all respects have been performed. Patient's relatives coming from tribal areas have also been served free food during their stay at the hospital.<ref>[http://www.merinews.com/article/free-cleft-and-palate-deformity-detection-camp-at-shrushrusha-hospital/127710.shtml Free Cleft and Palate Deformity Detection camp at Shrushrusha Hospital: 2007]</ref>
* Blood Donation Camps are conducted to meet demand. Shushrusha Blood Bank Registry, a voluntary donor endeavor is being developed as per new FDA rules. This registration would help the family to procure blood at a short notice.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* Socially Responsibility Activities: Efforts to reach out to street children, senior citizenry and underprivileged.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* ''Swaasthya'', a monthly health magazine, an ongoing publication started at the main campus in Dadar: Editor, Dr. Rekha Bhatkhande, the medical director at Vikhroli and serves both campuses and the community.<ref>{{cite web |title=shushrusha hospital newsletter - health at 50 |url=https://www.shushrushahospital.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Swaasthya_2019_Book_Final_31082019.pdf |date=2022-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718151232/https://www.shushrushahospital.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Swaasthya_2019_Book_Final_31082019.pdf |archive-date=2024-07-18 |url-status=live |last1=Laud |first1=N. S. |last2=Bhatkhande |first2=Rekha |last3=Pradnya |first3=Diwan |last4=Vaze |first4=Sangeeta |last5=Deshpande |first5=Yashwant |last6=Deshpande |first6=Mandakini |last7=Muley |first7=Swati |publisher=Sundaram Art Printing Press}}</ref> {{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
*'DILASA Centre, started by the hospital during 2010 for senior citizens, had various projects completed.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* Sisterhood of strength, Sakhi, The clinic for Women, Rekha Bhatkhande et al.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sisterhood-of-strength/story-SiofFCsi8FrC5f5ZP1jTAL.html Sisterhood of strength, Sakhi, The clinic for Women, Rekha Bhatkhande et al]</ref>
* Swachh Bharat Abhiyan with the senior citizens group on 14 May 2016 in Shushrusha Hospital by CSSC India, The Center for the Study of Social change.<ref>[https://www.csscindia.org/department-of-rural-and-urban-facil Swachh Bharat Abhiyan with the Senior Citizens group on 14 May 2016 in Shushrusha Hospital by CSSC India, The Center for the Study of Social change]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{official website|http://www.shushrushahospital.org/}}
*[https://tulsianitrust.com/ Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Charitable Trust]
*[https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/ngo-hospital-in-mumbai-join-hands-to-offer-free-medical-care-to-multiple-sclerosis-patients/story-IWRyI7oQt6sEyU9orNBk5J.html NGO, hospital in Mumbai join hands to offer free medical care to Multiple Sclerosis patients]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1966]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Calcutta Gazette

2026-03-08T19:18:13Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: created new info

{{Short description|English newspaper in Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Calcutta Gazette
| logo =
| image =
| caption =
| type =
| format =
| political_position =
| language = [[English language]]
| founded = 1784
| owners = Francis Gladwin
| editor =
| headquarters = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]]
| website =
}}
'''''Calcutta Gazette''''' was an English newspaper in Bengal founded by Francis Gladwin, a colonial officer, in 1784. It was one of the first newspapers in India.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Das Gupta |first1=Anil Chandra. |last2=Sandeman |first2=Hugh David. |last3=Seton-Karr |first3=W. S. |title=The Calcutta gazette: or, Oriental advertiser. Selections from Calcutta gazettes of the years 1784[-1832] showing the political and social condition of the English in India. |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100729888 |publisher=O. T. Cutter |access-date=21 June 2018 |date=n.d.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Arup K |title=With the restoration of a Danish tavern in Serampore, a forgotten chapter of history comes to light |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/862233/with-the-restoration-of-a-danish-tavern-in-serampore-a-forgotten-chapter-of-history-comes-to-light |website=Scroll.in|date=8 January 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakravarty |first1=Ipsita |title=The legend of Tong Atchew, the 'first ancestor of the Chinese in India' |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/826383/the-legend-of-tong-atchew-who-was-the-first-ancestor-of-the-chinese-in-india |access-date=21 June 2018 |work=Scroll.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How the India Pale Ale Got Its Name |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-india-pale-ale-got-its-name-180954891/ |website=Smithsonian |access-date=21 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The ''Calcutta Gazette'' was founded by Francis Gladwin, an officer in the [[British East India Company]], and an [[Orientalism|orientalist]]. Its first issue was published on 4 March 1784. The newspaper became an important medium for the publication of public information. The ''Gazette'' initially charged the government for advertisements but stopped after the government provided the ''Gazette'' with free postal circulation and free postage. The government withdrew this in 1787. In January 1787, Francis Gladwin gave control of the company to Arthur Muir, Herbert H. Harrington and Edmond Morris. The three were civilians involved with the newspaper. In June 1815 the ''Government Gazette'' was created by the Bengal Military Orphan Society. All government advertisements were diverted to the ''Government Gazette'' from the ''Calcutta Gazette''. Private advertisers also left the newspaper and advertising revenue declined. Employees at the newspaper went on strike. In June 1818 the Calcutta Gazette was sold to the owner of the ''Calcutta Morning Post'', Heatly. On 29 September 1818 Heatly stopped publication of the ''Calcutta Gazette'' in favor of a new newspaper founded by [[James Silk Buckingham]] called the ''[[Calcutta Journal]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dutta |first1=Abhijit |title=Calcutta Gazette |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Calcutta_Gazette |website=en.banglapedia.org |publisher=Banglapedia |accessdate=21 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

In April 1832, the ''Government Gazette'' reassumed the name the ''Calcutta Gazette''.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Das Gupta|editor-first=Anil Chandra|title=The Days of John Company: Selections from Calcutta Gazette 1824–1832|publisher=Government Press|location=Calcutta|page=xi|url=https://pahar.in/pahar/Books%20and%20Articles/Indian%20Subcontinent/1959%20The%20Days%20of%20John%20Company--selections%20from%20Calcutta%20Gazette%201824-1832%20by%20Das%20Gupta%20s.pdf}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Publications established in 1784]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1818]]
[[Category:Defunct weekly newspapers]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:18th century in Kolkata]]
[[Category:19th century in Kolkata]]
[[Category:1784 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:19th-century disestablishments in British India]]
[[Category:Culture of Kolkata]]
[[Category:English-language newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Gazettes]]

New Zealand cricket team in India in 2025–26

2026-03-08T18:43:54Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created data

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = New Zealand cricket team in India in 2025–26
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg
| team1_name = India
| team2_image = Flag of New Zealand.svg
| team2_name = New Zealand
| from_date = 11
| to_date = 31 January 2026
| team1_captain = [[Shubman Gill]] (ODIs) [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (T20Is)
| team2_captain = [[Michael Bracewell (cricketer)|Michael Bracewell]] (ODIs) [[Mitchell Santner]] (T20Is)
| no_of_ODIs = 3
| team1_ODIs_won = 1
| team2_ODIs_won = 2
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[Virat Kohli]] (240)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]] (352)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Harshit Rana]] (6)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Kris Clarke]] (7)
| player_of_ODI_series = [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]] (NZ)
| no_of_twenty20s = 5
| team1_twenty20s_won = 4
| team2_twenty20s_won = 1
| team1_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (242)
| team2_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]] (176)
| team1_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Arshdeep Singh]] (8)
| team2_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Jacob Duffy]] (6)
| player_of_twenty20_series = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (Ind)
}}

The [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand cricket team]] toured India in January 2026 to play the [[India national cricket team|India cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketscanner.com/cricket/series/new-zealand-to-tour-india-for-odi-and-t20-series-in-january-2026/ |title=New Zealand to tour India for ODI and T20 series in January 2026 |work=Cricket Scanner |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/134635/bcci-confirms-venues-schedule-for-new-zealands-white-ball-tour |title=BCCI confirms venues, schedule for New Zealand's white-ball tour |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> The tour consisted of three [[One Day International]] (ODI) and five [[Twenty20 Internationals]] (T20I) matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidesport.in/cricket/ind-vs-nz-2026-schedule-out-8-venues-to-host-3-odis-5-t20is/ |title=IND vs NZ 2026 schedule out, 8 venues to host 3 ODIs & 5 T20Is |work=Inside Sport |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Men's Future Tours Program |url=https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2022/08/17/9ecd5af8-4657-475f-ae1e-733b04f69750/Men-s-FTP-upto-2027.pdf |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=[[International Cricket Council]] |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226133751/https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2022/08/17/9ecd5af8-4657-475f-ae1e-733b04f69750/Men-s-FTP-upto-2027.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The T20I series formed part of both teams' preparation ahead of the [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-new-zealand-white-ball-series-2026-t20-world-cup-warmup-2740856-2025-06-14 |title=India to warm-up for T20 World Cup 2026 with white-ball series against New Zealand |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-nz-2025-26-vadodara-to-host-first-mens-international-in-15-years-1490180 |title=Vadodara to host first men's international in 15 years during NZ tour of India |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> In June 2025, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) confirmed the fixtures for the tour, as a part of the 2025–26 home international season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/iW0StRT9 |title=Update – 28th Apex Council Meeting |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/bcci-announces-venues-for-india-series-against-new-zealand-approves-domestic-season-2025-26-2025-06-14-994727 |title=BCCI announces venues for India's series against New Zealand, approves domestic season 2025-26 |work=[[India TV]] |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref>

As a result of the 3rd ODI, New Zealand won their first ODI series in Indian soil.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=18 January 2026 |title=Kohli heroics in vain as New Zealand complete historic series win |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/137342/kohli-heroics-in-vain-as-new-zealand-complete-historic-series-win |website=[[Cricbuzz]]}}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto"
|-
!colspan="2" |{{cr|IND}}
!colspan="2" |{{cr|NZ}}
|-
!ODIs<ref>{{cite web |access-date=3 January 2026 |title=India’s squad for ODI series against New Zealand announced |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2025/news/55556304/india-s-squad-for-odi-series-against-new-zealand-announced |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]}}</ref>
!T20Is<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-squad-for-t20-world-cup-2026-shubman-gill-left-out-rinku-singh-ishan-kishan-return-1516460 |title=Gill left out of India's T20 World Cup squad; Rinku, Kishan make comebacks |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=20 December 2025}}</ref>
!ODIs<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/lennox-earns-first-call-up-santner-henry-and-jamieson-return/ |title=Lennox earns first call-up ; Santner, Henry and Jamieson Return |work=[[New Zealand Cricket]] |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>
!T20Is<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/mens-t20-world-cup-2026/news/new-zealand-squads-set-for-india-tour-as-t20-world-cup-looms |title=New Zealand squads set for India tour as T20 World Cup looms |work=[[International Cricket Council]] |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Shubman Gill]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Shreyas Iyer]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Ayush Badoni]]{{Efn|Only for 2nd and 3rd ODIs}}
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]]
* [[Dhruv Jurel]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Prasidh Krishna]]
* <s>[[Rishabh Pant]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])</s>
* [[KL Rahul]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Harshit Rana]]
* [[Nitish Kumar Reddy]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
* [[Arshdeep Singh]]
* [[Mohammed Siraj]]
* [[Washington Sundar]]
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
|
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Axar Patel]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Ravi Bishnoi]]
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Varun Chakaravarthy]]
* [[Shivam Dube]]
* [[Shreyas Iyer]]{{Efn|name="T201,2&3"|Only for 1st, 2nd and 3rd T20Is}}
* [[Ishan Kishan]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Hardik Pandya]]
* [[Harshit Rana]]
* [[Sanju Samson]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Abhishek Sharma]]
* [[Arshdeep Singh]]
* [[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]]
* <s>[[Washington Sundar]]</s>
* [[Tilak Varma]]{{Efn|Only for 4th and 5th T20Is}}
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
|
* [[Michael Bracewell (cricketer)|Michael Bracewell]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Adithya Ashok]]
* [[Kris Clarke]]
* [[Josh Clarkson]]
* [[Devon Conway]]
* [[Zak Foulkes]]
* [[Mitchell Hay]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Kyle Jamieson]]
* [[Nick Kelly (cricketer)|Nick Kelly]]
* [[Jayden Lennox]]
* [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]]
* [[Henry Nicholls (cricketer)|Henry Nicholls]]
* [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]]
* [[Michael Rae]]
* [[Will Young (cricketer)|Will Young]]
|
* [[Mitchell Santner]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Finn Allen]]
* [[Michael Bracewell (cricketer)|Michael Bracewell]]
* [[Mark Chapman (cricketer)|Mark Chapman]]
* [[Kris Clarke]]{{Efn|name="T201,2&3"}}
* [[Devon Conway]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Jacob Duffy]]
* [[Lockie Ferguson]]
* [[Zak Foulkes]]
* [[Matt Henry (cricketer)|Matt Henry]]
* [[Kyle Jamieson]]
* [[Bevon Jacobs]]
* [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]]
* [[James Neesham]]
* [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]]
* [[Rachin Ravindra]]
* [[Tim Robinson (New Zealand cricketer)|Tim Robinson]]
* [[Tim Seifert]]
* [[Ish Sodhi]]
|}

On 11 January, [[Rishabh Pant]] was ruled out of the ODI series due to injury, and [[Dhruv Jurel]] was named as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=11 January 2026 |title=Rishabh Pant ruled out of ODI series; Dhruv Jurel named replacement |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/ET8QR9Ee |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]}}</ref> On 12 January, [[Washington Sundar]] was ruled out of the remainder of ODI series due to left lower rib injury, and [[Ayush Badoni]] was named as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=12 January 2026 |title=Washington Sundar ruled out of ODI series; Ayush Badoni receives maiden call-up |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/tIepi1KB |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]}}</ref> On 16 January, [[Washington Sundar]] was ruled out of the T20I series due to injuries, and [[Ravi Bishnoi]] and [[Shreyas Iyer]] were added into the squad as replacements.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-nz-shreyas-iyer-ravi-bishnoi-added-to-india-squad-for-new-zealand-t20is-1519750 |title=Shreyas and Bishnoi added to India's squad for NZ T20I series|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>

On 20 January, [[Kris Clarke]] was added into the T20I squad for the first three T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/clarke-staying-on-for-india-t20s-bracewell-milne-injuries-monitored/ |title=Clarke staying on for India T20s |work=[[New Zealand Cricket]] |access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref>

== ODI series ==
===1st ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 January 2026
| time = 13:30
| daynight = Y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 300/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]] 84 (71)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Siraj]] 2/40 (8 overs)
| score2 = 306/6 (49 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 93 (91)
| wickets2 = [[Kyle Jamieson]] 4/41 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1490231.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Baroda Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Vadodara]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Virat Kohli]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Kris Clarke]] (NZ) made his ODI debut.
* This was the first ODI match to be [[List of One Day International cricket grounds|played at this venue]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/vadodara-to-host-mens-odi-after-16-years/articleshow/121867586.cms |title=Vadodara to host men’s ODI after 16 years! |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketstadium.com.in/vadodara-welcomes-back-mens-international-cricket-after-15-years/ |title=Vadodara Welcomes Back Men’s International Cricket After 15 Years |work=Cricket Stadium |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
* [[Rohit Sharma]] (Ind) becomes the first player to complete 650 sixes in international cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/rohit-sharma-becomes-1st-batter-to-hit-650-sixes-ws-l-9823612.html |title=Rohit Sharma Creates History, Becomes 1st Batter In The World To Hit 650 Sixes|work=News 18 |access-date=11 January 2026}}</ref>
* [[Virat Kohli]] (Ind) scored his 28,000th run<ref>{{cite web |title=Virat Kohli Becomes 3rd Batter In The World To Score 28,000 Runs In International Cricket|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/virat-kohli-becomes-3rd-batter-in-the-world-to-score-28000-runs-in-international-cricket-ws-l-9823767.html|website=News 18 |access-date=11 January 2026}}</ref> and surpassed [[Kumar Sangakkara]] to become the second highest run scorer ever in international cricket.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virat Kohli Overtakes Kumar Sangakkara To Become 2nd Highest Run-Getter In International Cricket|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/virat-kohli-overtakes-kumar-sangakkara-to-become-2nd-highest-run-getter-in-international-cricket-ws-l-9823781.html|website=News 18 |access-date=11 January 2026}}</ref>
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 January 2026
| time = 13:30
| daynight = Y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|NZ}}
| score1 = 284/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[KL Rahul]] 112[[not out|*]] (92)
| wickets1 = [[Kris Clarke]] 3/56 (8 overs)
| score2 = 286/3 (47.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]] 131[[not out|*]] (117)
| wickets2 = [[Prasidh Krishna]] 1/49 (9 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1490232.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]] (NZ)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Jayden Lennox]] (NZ) made his ODI debut.
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 January 2026
| time = 13:30
| daynight = Y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 337/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]] 137 (131)
| wickets1 = [[Arshdeep Singh]] 3/63 (10 overs)
| score2 = 296 (46 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 124 (108)
| wickets2 = [[Kris Clarke]] 3/54 (9 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 41 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1490233.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Holkar Stadium]], [[Indore]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]] (NZ)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Mohammed Siraj]] (Ind) played in his 50th ODI match.
* This was New Zealand's first ODI series victory in India.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=18 January 2026 |title=Virat Kohli’s ton in vain as New Zealand win first ODI bilateral series in India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/new-zealand-history-first-bilateral-odi-series-win-in-india-kohli-10481481/ |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
* This was India's [[Holkar Stadium#One-day Internationals|first defeat at this venue in ODIs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/kohli-century-lights-up-holkar-stadium-despite-indias-first-odi-defeat-at-venue-in-decider/articleshow/126660990.cms |title=Kohli century lights up Holkar Stadium despite India’s first ODI defeat at venue in decider |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref>
* [[Rohit Sharma]] and [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (both Ind) played their last ODI.
}}

== T20I series ==
===1st T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 January 2026
| time = 19:00
| night = Y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|NZ}}
| score1 = 238/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhishek Sharma]] 84 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Jacob Duffy]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| score2 = 190/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]] 78 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Shivam Dube]] 2/28 (3 overs)
| result = India won by 48 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1490234.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Nagpur]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Abhishek Sharma]] (Ind)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Kris Clarke]] (NZ) made his T20I debut.
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (Ind) played in his 100th T20I match.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 January 2026 |title=Suryakumar Yadav becomes 4th Indian to play 100 T20I matches |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/suryakumar-yadav-100-matches-t20is-fourth-indian-india-vs-new-zealand-t20-series/article70533622.ece |work=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
* This was India's highest T20I score against New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/137384/abhishek-blitz-puts-india-1-0-up |title=Abhishek blitz puts India 1-0 up |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref>
}}

===2nd T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 January 2026
| time = 19:00
| night = Y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 208/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mitchell Santner]] 47[[not out|*]] (27)
| wickets1 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 2/35 (4 overs)
| score2 = 209/3 (15.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 82[[not out|*]] (37)
| wickets2 = [[Ish Sodhi]] 1/34 (3 overs)
| result = India won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1490235.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Nava Raipur]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ishan Kishan]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = This was India's 100th T20I match on the home soil. Thus, it also became the first Asian team to do the same.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 January 2026 |title=India Beat Pakistan And Bangladesh, Become 1st Asian Team To... |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/india-beat-pakistan-and-bangladesh-become-1st-asian-team-to-ws-no-9852202.html |website=News18}}</ref>
* This was India's joint-[[List of India Twenty20 International cricket records#Highest successful run chases|highest successful run chase]] in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 January 2026 |title=Raipur T20I: Ishan-daar, Surya-uday again as India race to 209 in world record chase |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/sports/cricket/story/ishan-kishan-suryakumar-india-vs-new-zealand-2nd-t20i-raipur-2857008-2026-01-23 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
* This was also the fastest 200-plus run chase in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 January 2026 |title=IND vs NZ: India breaks Pakistan’s record for fastest 200-plus chase in T20I history |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ind-vs-nz-2nd-t20-india-breaks-pakistan-record-fastest-200-plus-run-chase-in-history/article70543926.ece |website=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
}}

===3rd T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 January 2026
| time = 19:00
| night = Y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 153/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]] 48 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Jasprit Bumrah]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| score2 = 155/2 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Abhishek Sharma]] 68[[not out|*]] (20)
| wickets2 = [[Matt Henry (cricketer)|Matt Henry]] 1/28 (2 overs) [[Ish Sodhi]] 1/28 (2 overs)
| result = India won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1490236.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Assam Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Jasprit Bumrah]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===4th T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 28 January 2026
| time = 19:00
| night = Y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZ}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 215/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tim Seifert]] 62 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Arshdeep Singh]] 2/33 (4 overs)
| score2 = 165 (18.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shivam Dube]] 65 (23)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell Santner]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| result = New Zealand won by 50 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1490237.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Tim Seifert]] (NZ)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===5th T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 31 January 2026
| time = 19:00
| night = Y
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|NZ}}
| score1 = 271/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 103 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Lockie Ferguson]] 2/41 (4 overs)
| score2 = 225 (19.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Finn Allen]] 80 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Arshdeep Singh]] 5/51 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 46 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1490238.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Greenfield International Stadium]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ishan Kishan]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (Ind) scored his 3,000th run in T20Is. He also became the fastest player (by balls faced) to the same in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=31 January 2026 |title=IND vs NZ: Suryakumar Yadav surpasses Virat Kohli and Rohit Sharma, becomes fastest to... |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-vs-new-zealand/ind-vs-nz-suryakumar-yadav-surpasses-virat-kohli-and-rohit-sharma-becomes-fastest-to-/amp_articleshow/127822321.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Ishan Kishan]] (Ind) scored his 1,000th run and maiden [[Century (cricket)|century]] in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=31 January 2026 |title=Ishan Kishan hits maiden T20I century on Sanju Samson's turf, makes himself indispensable for World Cup XI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ishan-kishan-hits-maiden-t20i-century-on-sanju-samsons-turf-makes-himself-indispensable-for-world-cup-xi-101769869589049.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
* [[Arshdeep Singh]] (Ind) took his first [[five-wicket haul]] in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=31 January 2026 |title=India vs New Zealand Highlights, 5th T20I: Kishan ton, Arshdeep fifer give IND 46-run win, series victory |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-vs-new-zealand-live-score-5th-t20i-ind-v-nz-cricket-match-live-scorecard-updates-highlights-thiruvananthapuram/article70573940.ece |website=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
* This was India's highest T20I score against New Zealand, surpassing previous 238/6 in first T20I of this series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/137523/stats-india-match-sixes-record-in-second-half-mayhem |title=Stats: India match sixes record in second-half mayhem |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref>
}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-india-2025-26-1490228 Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket in 2025–26}}

[[Category:2026 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2026 in New Zealand cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2025–26]]
[[Category:New Zealand cricket tours of India]]

Pooran Chand Joshi

2026-03-08T05:18:04Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created a article.

{{Short description|Indian academic (1956–2025)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Unreliable sources|date=December 2016}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2016}}}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = P. C. Joshi
| image = PC Joshi.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Pooran Chand Joshi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1956|06|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = Khairakot, [[Almora district]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|06|20|1956|06|01|df=y}}
| death_place =
| fields = Social Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
| workplaces = [[University of Delhi]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| known_for =
| awards = Indira Priyadarshini Vriksha Mitra National Award (1987) Inter-University Centre Associateship Award (1996–1999)
| notable_works =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| influences =
| influenced =
| website = 
}}

'''P. C. Joshi''' (1 June 1956 – 20 June 2025) was an Indian academic who served as the 23rd [[Pro-vice-chancellor]] of the [[University of Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 February 2021|title=Delhi University admissions 2021 to be 50% on CUCET, 50% on board marks|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/delhi-university-admissions-2021-to-be-50-on-cucet-50-on-board-marks-du-ac-in-7202738/|access-date=25 February 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He was a professor of [[Social anthropology|Social Anthropology]] at the Department of [[Anthropology]], [[University of Delhi]], India. His area of specialization was [[Medical anthropology|Medical Anthropology]] and he focused on the Anthropology of Disasters, [[Anthropology of development|Anthropology of Development]] and on issues related to [[Social exclusion|Social Exclusion]] and Adverse Inclusion.

Joshi served as Acting Vice-Chancellor of the university from 29 October 2020 after the suspension of Vice-chancellor [[Yogesh Tyagi]] and served there till 31 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Delhi University Vice Chancellor Suspended By President Over "Misconduct"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/delhi-university-vice-chancellor-yogesh-tyagi-suspended-by-president-kovind-2317035|access-date=25 February 2021|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==Career==
Joshi, Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]], assumed office on 28 June 2020.

Joshi was a delegate of the European Union at the United Nations Framework Climate Change Conference held at Poznan, Poland in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microdis-eu.be/sites/default/files/D7.6%20-%20Steering%20Committee%20Meeting%20and%20Thematic%20Meeting%20Reports_0.pdf |title=Microsoft Word – WG minutes |website=Microdis-eu.be |date= |accessdate=20 December 2016}}</ref>

==Professional membership==
Joshi was the first president of the Society for Indian Medical Anthropology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medicalanthro.com/about.html |title=:: Welcome to Society for Indian Medical Anthropology :: |publisher=Medicalanthro.com |date= |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref> and Executive Member of the Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society based in [[Lucknow]], India. He was a life member of the India Anthropological Association and a Life Fellow of the Indian Association of Social Psychiatry. He was the Editor of the ''Society for Medical Anthropology Bulletin''.

Joshi, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, was appointed to Pro-Vice-Chancellor.

On 28 October 2020, the President of India, who was a visitor to the University of Delhi, suspended incumbent VC Pro. Yogesh Kumar Tyagi and directed Joshi to assume the office of acting Vice-Chancellor of the University of Delhi forthwith till further arrangements.

==Death==
Joshi died on 20 June 2025, at the age of 69.<ref>[https://news.careers360.com/pc-joshi-former-delhi-university-pro-acting-interim-vice-chancellor-anthropologist-passes-away-at-69 Former DU interim VC, anthropologist PC Joshi passes away at 69]</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Joshi was a recipient in 1987 of the [[Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Awards]] as a founder member of [[Friends of Trees]], and the Inter-University Centre Associateship Award in Humanities and Social Sciences, 1996–1999, Certificate of Honour at the First France-India Meet on Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, 2007, Plaque of Appreciation from Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Xavier University Ateneo de Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines, 2008, and Certificate of Appreciation on his research on disaster impacts in Asia and Europe by Faculty of Public Health, [[University of Indonesia]] in 2009, among other honours and distinctions.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

He also had the distinction of discovering a Palaeolithic site in Delhi in 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anthro.du.ac.in/faculty.html |title=Faculty |website=Anthro.du.ac.in |date=5 February 2015 |accessdate=20 December 2016}}</ref>

==Publications==
Joshi co-authored nine books, over 157 articles, book chapters and reviews in areas of Medical Anthropology, Traditional Medicines, Shamanism, the Impact of Disasters, Lifestyle Diseases and Antibiotic Resistance. He worked on many research projects and submitted over 14 research reports to various funding agencies and government policy planning agencies. He worked in interdisciplinary areas with psychiatrists, psychologists, epidemiologists and other researchers on various topics and co-authored many papers. His papers appeared in the journals such as ''[[World Development (journal)|World Development]]'', ''[[Indian Journal of Pharmacology]]'', ''[[Man in India]]'', ''[[American Journal of Orthopsychiatry]]'', ''[[Indian Journal of Medical Research]]'', ''[[Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics]]'', and ''[[National Medical Journal of India]]''.

Publications include:

* ''Studies in Medical Anthropology'' (co-editor with Anil Mahajan), Reliance Publishers, New Delhi, 1990.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZLv_GSWNWUC|title=Studies in Medical Anthropology|last1=Joshi|first1=P. C.|last2=Mahajan|first2=Anil|date=1 January 1990|publisher=Reliance|isbn=9788185047669|language=en}}</ref>
* Tribal Health and Medicines (co-editor with A. K. Kalla). Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2004.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DDdjLiITmUQC |title=Tribal Health and Medicines |author1=Aloke Kumar Kalla |author2=P. C. Joshi |date=1 January 2004 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=9788180691393 |accessdate=20 December 2016}}</ref>
* Risk factors for Mortality and Injury: Post-Tsunami Epidemiological findings from Tamil Nadu (co-author with Debarati Guha-Sapir, Lian Parry, Olivier Degomme, and J. P. Saulina Arnold). WHO Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disaster, Brussels, 2006. (Also published in Hindi and Tamil)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/8817 |title=Risk factors for mortality and injury: post-tsunami epidemiological findings from Tamil Nadu |publisher=UNISDR |date= |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref>
*''The Impact of Recurrent Disasters on Mental Health: A Study on Seasonal Floods in Northern India''<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tim R. Wind |author2=Pooran C. Joshi |author3=Rolf J. Kleber |author4=Ivan H. Komproe |title=The Impact of Recurrent Disasters on Mental Health: A Study on Seasonal Floods in Northern India |journal=Prehospital and Disaster Medicine |doi=10.1017/S1049023X13000290 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=279–285 |date=June 2013 |pmid=23611652 |s2cid=34663045 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Pooran Chand}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Social anthropologists]]
[[Category:Medical anthropologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]
[[Category:People from Almora district]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttarakhand]]

White Snow (2025 film)

2026-03-08T03:09:23Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Stub...

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = White Snow
| image =
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Praveen Morchhale]]
| producer = Barefoot Pictures, India
| writer = Praveen Morchhale
| starring = Madhu Khandari Bhavya Khurana Kaneez Fatima Khacho Ahmad Khan
| music = Nalin Vinayak
| cinematography = Mohammad Reza Jahanpanah
| editing = Anthony Joseph
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|12|09}}
| runtime = 81 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Urdu]]
| gross =
}}
'''White Snow'''' is an Indian [[drama film]] directed and written [[Praveen Morchhale]]. The film is an [[Urdu]]-language independent drama film starring Madhu Khandari and Bhavya Khurana in lead roles. The film is an Indo-French co-production by Barefoot Pictures, India, and Woooz Pictures, France. This is Praveen Morchhale's fifth feature film, and is based on a real life incident<ref>
{{Cite web |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/white-snow-review-deceptively-powerful-kashmiri-drama-celebrates-freedom-of-expression/5211386.article |title=‘White Snow’ review: Deceptively powerful Kashmiri drama celebrates freedom of expression |last=Kerr |first=Elizabeth|date=2025-11-26|website=ScreenDaily.com|access-date=2026-01-09}} </ref>.

This film premiered in 2025 at the 49th [[São Paulo International Film Festival]] (Brazil). It has also received nominations <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/praveen-morchhale-white-snow-kashmir-film-censorship-1236596003/|title=Praveen Morchhale on ‘White Snow,’ Kashmir and Film Censorship: ‘Cinema Today Lives Under the Shadow of Fear of Disappearance’|date=2025-11-30|work=Variety|access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref> at the [[56th International Film Festival of India]] ([[Goa]]) in its [[IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal]] competition; the [[Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival]], Indonesia, and the [[Kolkata International Film Festival]] (Indian Competition).

== Plot ==
“White Snow” centers on Fatima, whose filmmaker son Amir sees his work banned after its first community screening following complaints from religious authorities. The film’s transgression: depicting post-partum blood after childbirth. When Amir is arrested on charges of attempting to create social unrest, Fatima embarks on a perilous journey with an old cathode-ray tube television and DVD player loaded onto a yak, determined to screen the film in remote villages.

== Cast ==
* Madhu Khandari as Fatima
* Bhavya Khurana as Ameer
* Khacho Ahmad Khan as the priest

== Critical response ==
''Widow of Silence'' has received positive reviews from critics and audiences alike.

[[Variety (magazine)]] wrote that “White Snow,” is filmmaker Praveen Morchhale's “artistic revolt” against political systems that repress artists<ref>
{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/festivals/praveen-morchhale-white-snow-kashmir-film-censorship-1236596003/|title= White Snow|date=2023-03-14|work=Variety |access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref>.

Elizabeth Kerr wrote on [[Screen International]] that "White Snow" is a "Deceptively powerful Kashmiri drama celebrates freedom of expression". She also noted that it has "Just the right balance of resignation and rage"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kerr |first=Elizabeth|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/white-snow-review-deceptively-powerful-kashmiri-drama-celebrates-freedom-of-expression/5211386.article|title=‘White Snow’ review: Deceptively powerful Kashmiri drama celebrates freedom of expression|date=2025-11-26 |work=Screen Daily|access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref>.

The Asian Movie Pulse noted that while Praveen Morchhale has always been political in his works, with "White Snow", he takes a step further, directly commenting on the lack of freedom and the restrictions artists face today, in a pointed accusation that also unfolds as a road movie<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos|url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2025/10/white-snow-2025/|title=White Snow (2025) by Praveen Morchhale Film Review|date=2025-10-16 |work=Asian Movie Pulse|access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref>.

Film critic Dipankar Sarkar at UpperStall.com wrote that "Praveen Morchhale’s White Snow shows how art strains against invisible boundaries of authority, and offers an understated yet piercing critique of the personal costs of freedom of expression"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Dipankar|url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2025/10/white-snow-2025/|title=White Snow|date=2025-11-26|work=UpperStall|access-date=2026-01-09}}</ref>.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt35657235/ IMDB - "White Snow" ]
* [https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/white-snow-review-deceptively-powerful-kashmiri-drama-celebrates-freedom-of-expression/5211386.article Film review: White Snow (2025)] by ScreenDaily.com
* [https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/india-haf-white-snow-politics-1235553348/ Film review: White Snow (2025)] by Variety.com
* [https://asianmoviepulse.com/2025/10/white-snow-2025/ Film Review: White Snow (2025)] by AsianMoviewPulse.com
* [https://bengalinfo.com/newsdetail.php?newsid=434828 Film Review: White Snow (2025)] by BengalInfo.com

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]

{{India-film-stub}}
{{2020s-drama-film-stub}}

Nandikeshwari temple

2026-03-07T08:02:37Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: place

{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Nandikeshwari temple
| image = Slider-134.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Main Gate of Nandikeshwari temple
| map_type = India West Bengal
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal
| coordinates = {{coord|23|56|57.1|N|87|40|54.8|E|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = নন্দিকেশ্বরী মন্দির ''nondikeśśorī mondir''
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Birbhum District]]
| locale = Nandikeshwari Tala, [[Sainthia]]
| elevation_m = 54
| deity = [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]]
| festivals =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 1913
| creator =
| website =
}}
{{Hinduism small}}
'''Nandikeshwari temple''', also known as Nandikeshwari Tala, is located in [[Sainthia|Sainthia City]] of [[West Bengal]]. The [[temple]] is part of the famous [[Shakta pithas]] in Indian Subcontinent.

==Name==
The name of Goddess is derived from '[[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]]', the mascot and follower of Shiva, and '[[Ishvari|Ishwari]]' (Goddess), meaning ‘one who is worshiped by Nandi, the divine bull.<ref name="templepurohit.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.templepurohit.com/hindu-temple/nandikeshwari-temple-sainthia-birbhum/|title=Nandikeshwari Temple, Sainthia - Info, Timings, Photos, History}}</ref>

==History==
The history of the Nandikeshwari temple is linked with the event of Sati's self-sacrifice at the [[Daksha yajna|Yajna Sabha]] of her father [[Daksha]], because Daksha insulted [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]] and her husband, [[Shiva]]. It is believed that the Collarbone of Sati's corpse fell here to form the [[Shakta pithas|Shakta pitha]] when the [[Sudarshan Chakra]] of Lord [[Vishnu]] mutilated the corpse of Sati from the arms of Lord Shiva to reduce his rage.[[File:Dakshayani.jpg|thumb|[[Shiva]] carrying the corpse of [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]]]]
The present temple was built in 1913, the Bengali year of 1320.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pilgrimaide.com/nandikeshwari-temple,-saithia.html|title=Nandikeshwari Temple, Saithia - Pilgrimaide.com|first=Pilgrimage Tourism in|last=India|website=www.pilgrimaide.com|access-date=2018-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328063008/https://www.pilgrimaide.com/nandikeshwari-temple,-saithia.html|archive-date=2019-03-28|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Idol==
[[File:Nakdikeshwari Idol.jpg|thumb|The Idol of Goddess Nandikeshwari]]
The main idol in the temple is a black stone, which is now almost red, as devotees use [[sindoor|sindur]] to pray the holy stone as Nandikeshwari. The idol is adorned with a silver crown and three golden eyes.<ref name="templepurohit.com"/>

==Temple Premises==
There are several temples within the boundary among which [[Rama|Ram]]-[[Sita]] temple, [[Shiva]] temple, Maha [[Saraswati]] temple, Maha [[Lakshmi|Laxmi]]-[[Ganesha]] temple, [[Lakshmi|Laxmi]]-[[Narayana]] temple, Radha Govinda temple, Bhairav Nandikeshwari temple, [[Hanuman]] (Bajrangbali) temple deserves special mention. There is a huge sacred [[banyan]] tree where the devotees bind red and yellow threads to fulfill their wishes.<ref name="templepurohit.com"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal bar|Hinduism|India}}

[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Birbhum district]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:20th-century religious buildings and structures in India]]

{{India-Hindu-temple-stub}}

Nanna Preethiya Hudugi

2026-03-04T07:33:09Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: done

{{short description|2001 film by Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Nanna Preethiya Hudugi
|image = Nanna Preethiya Hudugi.jpg
|caption = Official VCD cover
|director = [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
|producer = Jyothi Shankar Uma Shankar
|writer = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
|narrator =
|starring = [[Sameer Dattani|Dhyan]] [[Deepali (Kannada actress)|Deepali]]
|music = [[Mano Murthy]]
|cinematography = P. Rajan (USA) Mike Kelly (Auto show) Umapathi (India)
|editing = Basavaraj Urs
|studio = East West Creations India (Pvt) Ltd
|released = {{Film date|2001|4|6|df=y}}
|runtime = 154 minutes
|country = India
|language = Kannada
|budget =
}}

'''''Nanna Preethiya Hudugi''''' ({{translation|The Girl I Love}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romance film]] directed and written by [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]. It stars newcomers [[Sameer Dattani|Dhyan]] and [[Deepali (Kannada actress)|Deepali]] in lead roles and actors such as [[Lokesh]], [[Bhavya]] and [[Suresh Heblikar]] in other prominent roles. The film is produced by Jyothi Shankar and Uma Shankar for East West Creations India (Pvt) Ltd.

The story is based on Chandrashekar's own decade-old short story "Malenada Hudugi, Bayaluseeme Huduga". The film was reviewed as average by the critics, and it was declared a musical hit at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/kannada-film-industry-bahala-chennagide/articleshow/1101073884.cms|title=Kannada film industry `Bahala Chennagide'|work=The Times of India|date=27 July 2001|last=Mehu|first=Sowmya Aji}}</ref> It went on to win an award at the [[49th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]] for 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/kothigalu-saar-kothigalu-wins-filmfare/articleshow/6003200.cms|title=Kothigalu Saar Kothigalu wins Filmfare|date=6 April 2002|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
Puttu is a village boy from Basarikatte. He lives with his parents- Madve Manjaiah and Seeta, paternal aunt and her daughter Gauri. Puttu is not serious about his studies and rather enjoys cycling, swimming and other fun activities. One day Puttu's new teacher finds out Puttu's exceptional skill in playing the flute. He manages to get a year's schooling for Puttu in America under a cultural exchange program. The whole village is happy for Puttu and they all bid him goodbye.

In America, Puttu is under the care of Susan who shows him immense love and support. Puttu meets Chinnu (Sheena), born to an Indian expatriate couple in his new American school. After initial confusion and misunderstandings, Puttu and Chinnu become good friends. Chinnu helps Puttu adapt to the American culture and lifestyle. As their friendship thickens, Chinnu and Puttu begin to exchange their belongings. Chinnu's parents object to this, making her rebel against them. Eventually Puttu and Chinnu fall for each other.

Now that Puttu has lived in America, which none in Basarikatte had accomplished so far, his paternal aunt decides to get her daughter married to Puttu. In the name of Seeta's illness, both his paternal aunt and father convince Puttu to marry Gauri. Puttu is now in a helpless situation in his village. Back in America, Chinnu has had a fight with her parents who take away all of her allowances and other facilities.

After a few days of separation, Chinnu learns that Puttu's marriage is being fixed. In order to get back Puttu's love, Chinnu escapes her parents' confinement and flees to Basarikatte. Meanwhile in India, Puttu learns that Seeta never had the idea of getting Puttu married to Gauri. She reveals that it was all the conspiracy of Puttu's aunt. His mother urges him to reunite with Chinnu as soon as possible. In the end, Gauri stops Puttu from boarding the flight to America as she knew that Chinnu was coming to meet him. Thus Gauri reunites Puttu and Chinnu. Gauri tells the couple that she could not have a happy life with Puttu as he never had any feelings for her in the first place and that Puttu always loved Chinnu.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sameer Dattani|Dhyan]] as Puttu
* [[Deepali (Kannada actress)|Deepali]] as Chinnu
* [[Lokesh]] as Maduve Manjaih
* [[Bhavya]] as Seetha
* Karen Vasudev as Susan
* [[Suresh Heblikar]] as Chinnu's father
* [[Vijayalakshmi Singh]] as Chinnu's mother
* Richard Louis as postman
* [[Chitra Shenoy]] as Puttu's aunt
* [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]] as a teacher (guest appearance)
}}

===Voice-overs===
* [[Rajesh Krishnan]] for Dhyan
* [[Nanditha]] for Deepali

==Production==
After the stupendous success of [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]'s previous venture, ''[[America America (1995 film)|America America]]'' (1995) which was shot entirely in the [[United States]], he came up with another campus romantic story set at [[Michigan State University]].

For this, he went on a rigorous schedule for casting the leading actors. He conducted a walk-in interview in [[Bangalore]] for which over 1,000 candidates appeared and 10 were shortlisted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/acting-is-kalyanis-passion/articleshow/4495345.cms|title=nanna preethiya hudugi|date=22 March 2002|work=The Times of India|last=Kumar|first=G. S.}}</ref> None of them cleared the screen test. He then conducted the same in [[Mumbai]] where he shortlisted [[Sameer Dattani]], a model who had previously appeared in a few [[advertisement]]s and music videos.<ref name="ce">{{cite web|title=Reactions|url=http://www.chirag-entertainers.com/NPH%20Reactions.htm|website=chirag-entertainers.com|accessdate=26 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030308155523/http://www.chirag-entertainers.com/NPH%20Reactions.htm|archivedate=8 March 2003}}</ref> He later shortlisted the female lead [[Deepali (Kannada actress)|Deepa]], a Bangalore-based girl who was settled in [[California]], online and a subsequent screen test.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business-administrator-dons-the-acting-mantel/articleshow/36348225.cms|title=Business administrator dons the acting mantel|date=5 April 2001|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Playback singers [[Rajesh Krishnan]] and [[Nanditha]] were roped in to do the voice-overs for the lead actors.

[[Mano Murthy]] was chosen by Chandrashekar to score for the film. They met in the US in December 1999 when the latter first narrated the story to the latter. Chandrashekhar upon returning to India made another trip to the US, and shot some videos of cars in [[Detroit]] before showing it to Murthy, and asked him to compose a tune to it. After the latter "made a very simple tune", Chandrashekhar wrote "Car Car", the lyrics to it, following which Murthy set them to the tune.<ref name="ce"/> Most of the filming was held on the Michigan State University campus;<ref name="ce"/> the water sport sequence was shot from white water rafting in [[West Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Nagathihalli-returns-with-Preethiya-Hudugi/articleshow/26054117.cms|title=Nagathihalli returns with Preethiya Hudugi|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 January 2001}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Mano Murthy]]<ref>[http://www.manomurthy.com/nanna-preethiya-hudugi/ Manomurthy Songs]</ref> to the lyrics of [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]. The song "Car Car Ellnodi Car" and "Moodal Kunigal Kere" became hit songs and the former ruled the audio charts for many months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/profile.php?cid=2405|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803183347/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/profile.php?cid=2405|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 August 2004|title=Profile Nagathihalli Chandrasekhar|website= [[Sify]]|access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/happy-birthday-mano-murthy-songs-that-highlight-his-prominence-as-a-composer/articleshow/80246105.cms|title=Happy Birthday Mano Murthy: Songs that highlight his prominence as a composer|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/akka-to-host-world-kannada-meet-in-us-from-sept-2/articleshow/1607200193.cms|title=AKKA to host world Kannada meet in US from Sept 2|date=5 January 2002|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Nanna Preethiya Hudugi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mano Murthy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2001|}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Akash Audio
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Moodal Kunigal Kere
| lyrics1 = [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
| extra1 = Ram Prasad, [[Nanditha]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Car Car Car
| lyrics2 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| extra2 = [[Suresh Peters]], [[B. Jayashree]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Baa Baaro
| lyrics3 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| extra3 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Yaaro Neenu
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Anuradha Paudwal
| lyrics4 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| length4 =
| title5 = Adeke Kothi Moothi
| extra5 = Rajesh Krishnan, [[Sangeetha Katti]]
| lyrics5 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| length5 =
| title6 = Nanna Preethiya Hudugi
| extra6 = Hariharan, Anuradha Paudwal
| lyrics6 = Shashikala Chandrashekar
| length6 =
}}

==Release ==
A critic from ''indiainfo'' wrote that "The film starts with a bright note but somehow lacks consistency" and added that "But the acting of both Dyan and Deepali is worth mentioning".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/index.html|title=Nagathihalli fails to impress the audience|work=indiainfo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010413223911/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/index.html|archive-date=13 April 2001}}</ref>

The film completed a 175-day run in Karnataka across many cinema halls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/moviemaker-nagathihalli-turns-to-europe/articleshow/97950539.cms|title=Moviemaker Nagathihalli turns to Europe|first=G. S.|last=Kumar|date=3 January 2002|work=The Times of India}}</ref> In late 2001 and 2002, this was internationally released by T.M.S. International with English subtitles and the English title ''My Favorite Girl''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20021012050000/https://www.chirag-entertainers.com/NPH.htm T.M.S. International's proud presentation Nagathihalli Chandrasekhar's A Teenage Love story in American Campus]</ref>

==Awards==
* [[49th Filmfare Awards South]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/south2001/winners.html |title=The 49th Annual Filmfare Awards — South Winner |publisher=downloads.movies.indiatimes.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130710024450/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/south2001/winners.html |archivedate=10 July 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
# [[Filmfare Award for Best Director - Kannada]] - [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External source==
*{{IMDb title|6860654}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012422/http://mio.to/album/31-kannada_movie_songs/22047-Nanna_Preethiya_Hudugi__2001_/#/album/31-kannada_movie_songs/22047-Nanna_Preethiya_Hudugi__2001_/ Songs]
* [http://www.karnataka.com/personalities/nagathihalli-chandrashekhar/ Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]

{{Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanna Preethiya Hudugi}}
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in insular areas of the United States]]
[[Category:Films set in Detroit]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mano Murthy]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Detroit]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian short stories]]
[[Category:2001 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]]

Mr. Sampat

2026-03-04T04:10:21Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: creating

{{short description|1952 film by S. S. Vasan}}
{{for|the novel it is based on|Mr. Sampath – The Printer of Malgudi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mr. Sampat.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[S. S. Vasan]]
| writer = J. S. Casshyap (dialogues)
| screenplay = Gemini Story Dept. [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] Ki. Ra.
| story = [[R. K. Narayan]]
| based_on = ''[[Miss Malini]]'' (1947)
| producer = S. S. Vasan M. A. Partha Sarathy
| starring = [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]] [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
| cinematography = P. Ellappa
| editing = Chandru
| music = E. Shankar Shastri B. S. Kalla
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|1952|12|25|df=yes}}
| runtime = 165 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Mr. Sampat''''' ({{IPAc-en|s|əm|p|ə|θ}}) is a 1952 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[satire (film and television)|satirical film]] produced and directed by [[S. S. Vasan]] of [[Gemini Studios]]. It is based on [[R. K. Narayan]]'s 1949 novel ''[[Mr. Sampath – The Printer of Malgudi]]'', and the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Miss Malini]]'' (1947). The film revolves around the titular [[Confidence trick|con artist]] ([[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]]) who manipulates an actress ([[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]) and a merchant ([[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]]) for his own benefits.

''Mr. Sampat'' was released on 25 December 1952. Although Motilal received rave reviews for his performance, the film was a commercial failure.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=March 2022}}
Sampat is a [[Confidence trick|con artist]]. Since the city of [[Mumbai|Bombay]] loves theatre actress Malini of the Kala Mandir Company, he plots and concocts an elaborate scheme involving her and Seth Makhanlal, a ghee merchant. He uses Malini, helps Makhanlal win the local elections, then has them involved in opening a bank by offering customers higher interest. The deposits are high. At Sampat's persuasion, Malini starts her own theatre company, but this comes at the cost of her leaving the Kala Mandir Company. While Sampat has a good life, a ''[[maharaja]]'', who had huge deposits with the bank, withdraws his funds when Malini rejects his advances. In a matter of time, all of Sampat's schemes fail and both Makhanlal and Malini lose large amounts of money. Realising that he does not have anything more to gain, Sampat abandons them and goes off to explore new zones, this time in the guise of a [[Godman (India)|godman]].

== Cast ==
According to the film's opening credits:<ref name="movie">{{Cite AV media |title=Mr. Sampat |type=motion picture |language=Hindi |publisher=[[Gemini Studios]] |year=1952 |time=0:11 to 1:00 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>
{{Col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-break|width=20%}}
* [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]] as Sampat
* [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Malini
* Vanaja as Sundari
* [[M. S. Sundari Bai|Sundari Bai]] as Nirmala
* Swaraj as Director
* [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] as Hotel Proprietor
* [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]] as Seth Makhanlal
* Badri Prasad as Malini's Father
* Kailashnath as Raj Mohan
* J. S. Casshyap as Secretary
* Narendra Kumar as Sampat's Servant
{{col-break|width=20%}}
* Kadam as Assistant Director
* Kamal Krishna as Indra
* B. S. Kalla as Bhagavathar – Surdas
* Mukherjee as Communist Leader
* G. V. Sharma as Rickshaw-Wallah
* Shyam as Art Critic
* Bagga as Congress Leader
* Lallubhai as Beggar
* Khanna as Congress Leader's friend
* [[Ishwarlal]] as Narada
* T. S. B. Rao as Brihaspathi
{{col-break|width=20%}}
* Ramamurthi as Viswamitra
* Revathi as Surdas's Wife
* Bannerji as Contractor
* Vijaya Rao as Tank Watchman
* L. R. Mudaliar as Kavi
* Kaushal as Bailiff
* Sultan as Durwan
* Raghupathi Rao as Raj Mohan's A.D.C
* Bhat as Ticket Examiner
* Sudhindra as Newspaper Boy
* Gemini Girls and Boys
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
''Mr. Sampat'' is based on the 1949 novel ''[[Mr. Sampath – The Printer of Malgudi]]'' by [[R. K. Narayan]],{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=326}} and the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Miss Malini]]'' (1947) from which the novel developed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramakrishnan |first=Venkatesh |date=14 August 2017 |title=1947: A Madras story |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/1947-a-madras-story/article19492358.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823045621/http://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/1947-a-madras-story/article19492358.ece |archive-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> It was produced and directed by [[S. S. Vasan]] of [[Gemini Studios]].{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=3}} The film was made on a [[Low-budget film|shoestring budget]], unlike Vasan's earlier directorial venture, the [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] ''[[Chandralekha (1948 film)|Chandralekha]]'' (1948).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=8 April 2012 |title=Buzzing like crazy |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/buzzing-like-crazy/article3291780.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114104741/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/buzzing-like-crazy/article3291780.ece |archive-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> Vasan showed [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]] two reels of ''Miss Malini'', but Motilal felt it was "slow" and complained that it gave him "a headache". He then gave Vasan a sample of his own interpretation of the character Sampat and proceeded to play it that way. Motilal played Sampat as someone who just wants to live life as he wants, "not as an extraordinary person, but precisely as an ordinary person".{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=4}}

The film substantially deviated from the novel, with Vasan making it "a broad burlesque film and using it successfully to lampoon politicians, ex-princes, journalists, [[Movie star|filmstars]], [[Religious fanaticism|religious zealots]] and bogus philanthropists."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=10 March 2016 |title=Mr. Sampat |url=http://upperstall.com/film/mr-sampat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111224100/http://upperstall.com/film/mr-sampat/ |archive-date=11 January 2018 |access-date=13 October 2016 |website=Upperstall.com}}</ref> [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] was chosen to reprise the role of Malini, originally played by [[Pushpavalli]] in Tamil,{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=2}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=25 September 2006 |title=Dance was Padmini's passion, not films |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/25padmini1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327085223/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/25padmini1.htm |archive-date=27 March 2012 |access-date=21 May 2018 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> and ''Mr. Sampat'' marked her first major appearance in a Hindi film.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=168}} The screenplay was written by Gemini's Story Department, headed by [[Kothamangalam Subbu]]. Cinematography was handled by P. Ellappa, and the editing by Chandru.<ref name="movie" /><ref name="indiancine">{{Cite web |title=Mr Sampat |url=https://indiancine.ma/GOQ/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240509085900/https://indiancine.ma/GOQ/info |archive-date=9 May 2024 |access-date=16 December 2019 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] took place entirely at Gemini Studios.{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=4}} The final cut of the film was {{Convert|14276|metres|feet|abbr=}}, equivalent to 165 minutes.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=326}}<ref name="indiancine" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music of the film was composed by E. Shankar Shastri and B. S. Kalla. The lyrics were written by [[Pandit Indra Chandra|Pandit Indra]].<ref name="movie" />{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=5}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Sampat |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/mr.-sampat/knV3-9h,pUk_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217035146/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/mr.-sampat/knV3-9h,pUk_ |archive-date=17 December 2019 |access-date=17 December 2019 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> It also marked [[P. B. Sreenivas]]' debut in playback singing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 2013 |title=PB Srinivas enthralled music lovers for over five decades |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-pb-srinivas-enthralled-music-lovers-for-over-five-decades-1822438 |url-status=live |access-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108113921/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-pb-srinivas-enthralled-music-lovers-for-over-five-decades-1822438 |archive-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> The film had no romantic duet, no ''[[bhajan]]'', no ''[[Raksha Bandhan|rakhi]]'' song and no heartbreak track, all of which were considered "essential ingredients" in 1950s Indian cinema.{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=6}} The song "Laila Laila Pukaroon" is picturised on [[Story within a story|a play]] based on [[Layla and Majnun]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=22 August 2017 |title='Laila' down the years in Hindi film music: From Majnu's inseparable lover to a weapon |url=https://scroll.in/reel/847924/laila-down-the-years-in-hindi-film-music-from-majnus-inseparable-lover-to-a-weapon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703115735/https://scroll.in/reel/847924/laila-down-the-years-in-hindi-film-music-from-majnus-inseparable-lover-to-a-weapon |archive-date=3 July 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> The song "Acche Din Aa Rahe" is picturised on Malini declaring that ''achche din'' (good days) will never come for the poor because "the rich and the powerful will never let that happen."<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 September 2016 |title=It is Disingenuous of Gadkari to Now Disown the Phrase 'Achche Din' |work=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] |url=https://thewire.in/politics/disingenuous-gadkari-now-disown-phrase-achche-din |url-status=live |access-date=25 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725044518/https://thewire.in/politics/disingenuous-gadkari-now-disown-phrase-achche-din |archive-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> Historian [[V. Sriram]] noted similarities between "Aao Aao Kahani Suno" and the song "Ayirathu Thollayirathu Ambadu Aruvadu Natakam" from ''[[Manamagal]]'' (1951).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sriram |first=V. |date=19 March 2018 |title=From Manamagal to Mr Sampath |url=https://sriramv.wordpress.com/2018/03/19/from-manamagal-to-mr-sampath/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181013160454/https://sriramv.wordpress.com/2018/03/19/from-manamagal-to-mr-sampath/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |access-date=13 October 2018 |website=Madras Heritage and Carnatic Music |authorlink=V. Sriram}}</ref> There was also a short Thillana sung by [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] and danced by Vanaja in raga Hindolam.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aao Aao Kahani Suno
| note1 =
| writer1 =
| lyrics1 =
| music1 =
| extra1 = [[Geeta Dutt]], [[Jikki]]
| length1 = 4:37
| title2 = Acche Din Aa Rahe
| note2 =
| writer2 =
| lyrics2 =
| music2 =
| extra2 = [[Shamshad Begum]], [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]
| length2 = 1:28
| title3 = Aji Hum Bharat Ki
| note3 =
| writer3 =
| lyrics3 =
| music3 =
| extra3 = [[Geeta Dutt]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
| length3 = 4:54
| title4 = Chalo Paniya Bharan
| note4 =
| writer4 =
| lyrics4 =
| music4 =
| extra4 = Geeta Dutt, Jikki
| length4 = 1:44
| title5 = Devendra Dev Ki Jay
| note5 =
| writer5 =
| lyrics5 =
| music5 =
| extra5 = Talat Mahmood, Shamshad Begum
| length5 = 4:10
| title6 = Din Control Ke
| note6 =
| writer6 =
| lyrics6 =
| music6 =
| extra6 = Geeta Dutt, Jikki
| length6 = 5:24
| title7 = Hindustan Hamara
| note7 =
| writer7 =
| lyrics7 =
| music7 =
| extra7 = Geeta Dutt
| length7 = 3:24
| title8 = Jagah Nahi
| note8 =
| writer8 =
| lyrics8 =
| music8 =
| extra8 = P. B. Sreenivas, Geeta Dutt
| length8 =
| title9 = Khabardar Hoshiyar
| note9 =
| writer9 =
| lyrics9 =
| music9 =
| extra9 = Shamshad Begum
| length9 =
| title10 = Kyon Janam Diya
| note10 =
| writer10 =
| lyrics10 =
| music10 =
| extra10 = Shamshad Begum, Talat Mahmood
| length10 =
| title11 = Laila Laila Pukaroon
| note11 =
| writer11 =
| lyrics11 =
| music11 =
| extra11 = Shamshad Begum, Talat Mahmood
| length11 = 3:42
| title12 = Yeh Lo Mai Layi
| note12 =
| writer12 =
| lyrics12 =
| music12 =
| extra12 = Shamshad Begum, P. B. Sreenivas
| length12 = 4:17
| title13 = Lo Lai Suiyan
| note13 =
| writer13 =
| lyrics13 =
| music13 =
| extra13 = Shamshad Begum
| length13 =
| title14 = O Bairagi Banwasi
| note14 =
| writer14 =
| lyrics14 =
| music14 =
| extra14 = Geeta Dutt
| length14 = 2:41
| title15 = Manchi Dinamu Nede
| note15 =
| writer15 =
| lyrics15 =
| music15 =
| extra15 = [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]
| length15 = 1:35
| title16 = Hey Bhagwan Kyo
| note16 =
| writer16 =
| lyrics16 =
| music16 =
| extra16 = Talat Mahmood
| length16 = 1:19
| title17 = Maharani Hamari Aayi Re
| lyrics17 =
| extra17 = Shamshad Begum
| length17 = 1:42
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Mr. Sampat'' was released on 25 December 1952.<ref name="indiancine" /> Although Motilal received rave reviews for his performance, the film was a commercial failure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=30 September 2010 |title=Mr. Sampat (1952) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mr-sampat-1952/article804765.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013112041/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mr-sampat-1952/article804765.ece |archive-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=8}} In a review dated 4 January 1953, ''[[The Times of India]]'' said, the film "marks a new departure in the policy and principle of our filmmakers, who have been ruled hitherto by box-office considerations with rare, too rare, exceptions. In ''Mr Sampat'', Vasan has given us our very first picture which can be said to hold the mirror up to life with useful purpose and an immediate lesson aimed at stimulating the tardy growth and quickening the critical faculty among audiences... Mr Motilal gives a superb performance... he is a grand actor with a slick art which nobody on the screen today can rival."<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 January 1953 |title=Vasan's ''Mr Sampat'' witty satire |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Babu Rao Patel, then the editor of ''[[Filmindia]]'', also reviewed the film positively, praising the satire and morals in the film.{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=6}} Rati Batra of the magazine ''Thought'' wrote on 10 January 1953, "Motilal as Mr Sampat lives upto the character perfectly, and, though he gets all the laughs, he never borders on the clownish." She also praised the performance of Padmini as Malini but criticised the photography, noting that the shots of the stage shows seen in the film suffered from "bad lighting". J. D. S. of the same magazine also praised the film, thanking Gemini for "presenting to our film industry a model in the portrayal of modern social and political themes." He concluded that, despite a few minor objections, ''Mr. Sampat'' was a "shining example of film art amidst the morass of mediocrity that is the experience of the Indian cinegoer."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Batra |first1=Rati |last2=J. D. S. |date=10 January 1953 |title="''Mr. Sampat''": Two Reviews |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5QcAQAAMAAJ&q=Mr+Sampat |magazine=Thought |publisher=Siddhartha Publications |volume=5 |pages=16–17}}</ref>

''Mr. Sampat'' was later featured in journalist Avijit Ghosh's 2013 book ''40 Retakes: Bollywood Classics You May Have Missed''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaduri |first=Abhijit |date=1 June 2014 |title=40 retakes: Bollywood classics you may have missed |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/just-like-that/40-retakes-bollywood-classics-you-may-have-missed/ |url-status=live |access-date=13 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013111638/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/just-like-that/40-retakes-bollywood-classics-you-may-have-missed/ |archive-date=13 October 2016}}</ref> Ghosh wrote in that book that the film's "post-mortem of corruption feels cool and contemporary even today" and that Motilal gave "the performance of a lifetime" as Sampat.{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=1}}

== Dropped sequel ==
After the completion of ''Mr. Sampat'', Motilal suggested a sequel titled ''Mr. Sampat Goes to the UNO'' to Vasan, but it never came to fruition.{{sfn|Ghosh|2013|p=7}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Avijit |title=40 Retakes: Bollywood Classics You May Have Missed |publisher=Tranquebar Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-83260-31-7}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{R. K. Narayan}}
{{S. S. Vasan}}
{{Gemini Studios}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mister Sampat}}
[[Category:1952 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1952 Indian films]]
[[Category:1950s satirical films]]
[[Category:1952 comedy films]]
[[Category:1952 films]]
[[Category:Adaptations of works by R. K. Narayan]]
[[Category:Films about con artists]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. S. Vasan]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. S. Kalla]]
[[Category:Films scored by E. Shankar Shastri]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]

Miss Mary (1957 film)

2026-03-04T04:05:57Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: data

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Miss Mary
| image = Miss mary 1957.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[L. V. Prasad]]
| producer = [[A. V. Meiyappan]]
| writer = [[Rajendra Krishan]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = [[Aluri Chakrapani]]
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Meena Kumari]] [[Kishore Kumar]] [[Gemini Ganesan|Ganesh]]
| music = [[Hemant Kumar]]
| cinematography = T. Muthuswamy
| editing = [[K. Shankar]]
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| distributor = AVM Productions
| released = {{Film date|1957|2|15|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Miss Mary''''' is a 1957 Indian Hindi-language [[comedy film]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTEa93azj9EC|title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema|page=127|first=Tejaswini|last=Ganti|date=2004|publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-28854-5 |access-date=3 September 2024|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903091636/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Bollywood/GTEa93azj9EC?hl=en&gbpv=1|url-status=live}}</ref> directed by [[L. V. Prasad]]. The film is an [[AVM Productions|AVM Production]] and directed by [[L. V. Prasad]]. The film is a remake of Prasad's 1955 Telugu-Tamil bilingual film ''[[Missamma]]'' / ''[[Missiamma]]'', which itself was a remake of the 1935 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''Maanmoyee Girls' School''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/filmi-cross-pollination-south-indian-influence-on-bollywood-classics/articleshow/91207226.cms|title=Filmi cross-pollination: South Indian influence on 'Bollywood'|date=30 April 2022|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 September 2024|archive-date=14 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714112156/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/filmi-cross-pollination-south-indian-influence-on-bollywood-classics/articleshow/91207226.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It stars [[Meena Kumari]] in the titular role, [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Gemini Ganesan]] (credited as Ganesh). The music was by [[Hemant Kumar]] with the lyrics and dialogue written by [[Rajendra Krishan]]. The songs were sung by [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Geeta Dutt]] and [[Mohammed Rafi]].

Meena Kumari, who was to later become famous for her tragedy roles meriting the sobriquet "The Tragedy Queen", acted in a few light-hearted roles in the 1950s in films such as ''[[Azaad (1955 film)|Azaad]]'' (1955), ''[[Mem Sahib]]'' (1956), [[Shararat (1959 film)|''Shararat'']], ''[[Kohinoor (1960 film)|Kohinoor]]'' (1960) and ''Miss Mary''.<ref name="Patel2012">{{cite book |last=Patel |first=Bhaichand |title=Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQL4dkVAnPIC&pg=PA131 |access-date=21 October 2015 |year=2012 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-670-08572-9 |pages=131–}}</ref> ''Miss Mary'' was one of the biggest hits of that year.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sampath |first=Janani |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/The-South-Bollywood-hero-brigade/2013/06/12/article1630511.ece#.U0JcTRGKBy0%20 |title=The South-Bollywood hero brigade |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=12 June 2013 |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=2 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202085600/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/The-South-Bollywood-hero-brigade/2013/06/12/article1630511.ece#.U0JcTRGKBy0 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story is about Arun ([[Gemini Ganeshan|Ganesh]]), an unemployed teacher who comes across an advertisement offering a job at the Laxmi School with the proviso that only married couples should apply. He meets Miss Mary ([[Meena Kumari]]), a Christian girl who is badly in need of a job to pay off her parents' debt. Arun suggests that she pose as his wife after he witnesses her getting harassed by John ([[Randhir (actor)|Randhir]]), her potential suitor to which her father owes money. They hire Nakdau ([[Om Prakash]]), a beggar-cum-conman as a servant to keep up the pretense. The school owners (Rai Saheb and his wife), are looking for their long lost daughter Laxmi (hence the Laxmi School), who went missing sixteen years ago and the only thing tying her to them is a locket and an identification mark in the form of a mole on her left foot. They employ a detective Raju ([[Kishore Kumar]]) and his sidekick Chandragupta ([[Marutirao Parab|Maruti]]) to find her. Raju is an orphan brought up as a nephew by the Rai Saheb. The old couple find a resemblance in Mary to their daughter and show her a photo of Laxmi that looks like her. Mary tells them that she can't be their daughter as she was brought up in a Christian environment by Christian parents.

Mary feels bad for lying about her married status to the Rai Saheb and his wife. She and Arun start liking each other in spite of their constant bickering. The owner's other daughter and Mary's biological sister Sita (Jamuna) has a fondness for Arun which upsets Mary. There are several comic sequences involving Raju and Chandragupta. The truth is revealed about Mary being the Rai Saheb's daughter Laxmi when her foster parents arrive.<ref name="T"/>

==Cast==

{{Cast listing|
* [[Meena Kumari]] as Laxmi / Miss Mary<ref name="H">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/miss-mary-1957/article3000318.ece|title= Miss Mary (1957)|first=Deepak|last=Mahaan|date=16 March 2012|access-date=3 September 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408222032/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/miss-mary-1957/article3000318.ece|archive-date=8 April 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* [[Kishore Kumar]] as Raju<ref name="C"/>
* [[Gemini Ganesan]] as Arun<ref name="H"/>
* [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Sita<ref name="T"/>
* [[Achala Sachdev]] as Laxmi and Sita's mother<ref name="C"/>
* [[Jagdish Sethi]] as Rai Saheb, Laxmi and Sita's father<ref name="C"/>
* [[Randhir (actor)|Randhir]] as John<ref name="T">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEqwDAAAQBAJ|title=Take-2: 50 Films That Deserve a New Audience|date=2015|first=Deepa|last=Gahlot|publisher=Hay House |isbn=978-93-84544-85-0 |access-date=3 September 2024|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903091643/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Take_2/JEqwDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Om Prakash]] as Nakdau<ref name="C"/>
* [[A. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]] as Karunanidhi
* [[Marutirao Parab|Maruti]] as Chandragupta<ref name="T"/>
* [[Shivraj]] as a Christian priest and Laxmi's foster father<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/character-actor-shivraj-passes-away/article18718691.ece|title=Character actor Shivraj passes away|first=Namrata|last=Joshi|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605104937/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/character-actor-shivraj-passes-away/article18718691.ece|archive-date=5 June 2022|date=4 June 2017|access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref>
* Kesari as Vaidji
}}

== Production ==
[[B. Nagi Reddi]], the producer of the original, was insistent on having [[L. V. Prasad]] direct the Hindi remake.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-missamma-1955/article6505603.ece|title=Blast from the past: Missamma (1955)|newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018092133/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-missamma-1955/article6505603.ece|archive-date=18 October 2023|access-date=3 September 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Gemini Ganesan]] (credited as Ganesh) reprised his role from the Tamil original ''[[Missiamma]]'' (1955) since Prasad felt that "there was no one who could do a dignified comedy in Hindi".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/100yearsofgeminiganesan-celebrating-gemini-ganesan/photostory/79251910.cms|title=#100YearsOfGeminiGanesan: Remembering the thespian Gemini Ganesan|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 November 2020|access-date=3 September 2024|archive-date=17 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917232407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/100yearsofgeminiganesan-celebrating-gemini-ganesan/photostory/79251910.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], who was a part of both the Telugu original ''[[Missamma]]'' (1955) and ''Missiamma'', reprised her role for the Hindi remake.<ref name="C"/> [[Kishore Kumar]] after spending five days idling in a hotel room, got fed up and starting cutting his hair on one side. He started cutting on the other side, and since he overdid it, he continuously cut his hair until he was called to come on set when he did not have much hair anymore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-screamed-pretended-to-be-crazy-kishore-kumar-in-1985/articleshow/9527820.cms|title=I screamed, pretended to be crazy: Kishore Kumar|date=1985|work=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]|via=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 September 2024|archive-date=9 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809154235/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-screamed-pretended-to-be-crazy-Kishore-Kumar-in-1985/articleshow/9527820.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Themes and influences ==
Arun teaches Sita music using a piano, which was common in Hindi films of that time to signify wealth.<ref name="T"/>

[[Gemini Ganesan]] was credited with introducing a fresh touch of a well-groomed, sophisticated South Indian youth into the Hindi film hero persona.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgo9BAAAQBAJ|title=Hero Vol.1 - Volume 1|first=Ashok|last=Raj|date=2009|publisher=Hay House |isbn=978-93-81398-02-9 |access-date=3 September 2024|quote=Gemini Ganesan [...] introduced in the Hindi film hero's persona a refreshing touch of a well-groomed sophisticated South Indian youth as seen in [...] ''Miss Mary'' (1957)|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903091644/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hero_Vol_1/tgo9BAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music and background score was composed by [[Hemant Kumar]] and the lyrics were penned by [[Rajendra Krishan]].<ref name=MissMary>{{cite web |title=Miss Mary |url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/miss_mary.htm |website=hindigeetmala.net |publisher=Hindi Geetmala |access-date=21 October 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030208/http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/miss_mary.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> All of the songs are different from the original soundtrack except for the song "Brindavan Ka Krishna Kanhaiya", which was reused from the song titled "Brindaavanamadi Andaridi" in Telugu and "Brindavanamum Nandakumaranu" in Tamil.<ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/when-legend-with-baritone-made-music-for-tamil-films/articleshow/77176543.cms|title=When legend with baritone made music for Tamil films|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 July 2020|first=R.|last=Rangaraj|access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref>

The songs were popular, especially "Gaana Na Aaya, Bajaana Na Aaya" sung by [[Kishore Kumar]], "Yeh Mard Bade Dilsard, Bade Bedard", "O Raat Ke Musafir Chanda Zara Bata De", "Brindavan Ka Krishna Kanhaiya" sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Mohammed Rafi]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UyZXEAAAQBAJ&dq=Miss+Mary+(1957)&pg=PT135|title=Windows to the Soul: And Other Essays on Music|first=Manek|last=Premchand|date=2021|publisher=Notion Press |isbn=979-8-88503-153-0 |access-date=3 September 2024|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903091645/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Windows_to_the_Soul/UyZXEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Miss+Mary+(1957)&pg=PT135&printsec=frontcover|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Asha Bhosle]], who first sang together in ''Ladli'' (1949), had a duet in the film: "Sakhi Ri Sun Bole Papiha Us Paar". Asha, despite her lack of training from her father Dinanath Mangeshkar and other Ustads, was able to follow Lata ably in her [[Sargam (music)|sargam]]-[[Taan (music)|taan]], keeping "perfect timing".<ref name="Ranchan2014">{{cite book |last=Ranchan |first=Vijay |title=Story of a Bollywood Song |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3h2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT100 |access-date=21 October 2015 |date=2 January 2014 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |pages=100– |id=GGKEY:9E306RZQTQ7}}</ref>

Sukhpreet Kahlon of ''Cinestaan'' wrote that "Although [[Kishore Kumar]] isn't the hero of this film, he displays his musical talent in the song "Gaana Na Aaya". With lyrics like "O My Sita" and "Paplu Papita", the song is a nutty medley of various music forms and styles, which includes the nursery rhyme "[[Three Blind Mice]]".<ref name="C">{{cite web |title=An unconventional heroine |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2017/aug/10/7455/an-unconventional-heroine-meena-kumari-in-miss-mary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822174523/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2017/aug/10/7455/an-unconventional-heroine-meena-kumari-in-miss-mary |url-status=live |archive-date=22 August 2017 |website=Cinestaan.com |access-date=3 September 2024 |first=Sukhpreet |last=Kahlon}}</ref>

===Track listing===
{|class="wikitable"
! Song
! Singer(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| "Gaana Na Aaya, Bajaana Na Aaya
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
| <ref name="H"/>
|-
| "Sakhi Ri Sun Bole Papiha Us Paar"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|<ref name="H"/>
|-
| "Saiyan Lag Jaa Gale, Aaja Mera Dil Jale"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|<ref name="T"/>
|-
| "So Gaya Saara Jahan"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|<ref name="H"/>
|-
| "Yeh Mard Bade Dilsard Bade Bedard" (Female)
| Lata Mangeshkar
|<ref name="H"/>
|-
| "Yeh Mard Bade Dilsard Bade Bedard" (Male)
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|<ref name="H"/>
|-
| "Pehle Paisa Phir Bhagwaan
| Mohammed Rafi
|<ref name="H"/>
|-
| "Brindavan Ka Krishna Kanhaiya"
| Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi
|<ref name="B"/>
|-
| "O Raat Ke Musafir Chanda Zara Bata De"
| Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi
|<ref name="H"/>
|-
| "Aayi Re Ghir Ghir Pehli Pehli Baadariya
| [[Geeta Dutt]]
| <ref name="T"/>
|-
|}

== Reception ==
[[Meher Baba]] and his disciple Mehera saw the film in [[Pune]] after being recommended the film by Baba's brother Jal, who said that the film was enjoyable.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj27DwAAQBAJ|title=Mehera-Meher: A Divine Romance|page=178|date=2021|first=David|last=Fenster|publisher=Meher Nazar Publications |access-date=3 September 2024|archive-date=3 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903091743/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Mehera_Meher_A_Divine_Romance/Jj27DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the film's box office success, [[Gemini Ganesan]] failed to establish a career in Hindi cinema.<ref name="T"/>

In 2012, a critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "If Prasad's direction is deft, camerawork by Muthuswami, aided by set designing of Shantaram, gives you alluring pictorial moments. A large credit for the film's appeal is also because of the slick editing by K. Shankar which never allows any scene to drag. So despite a fluffy story, watch ''Miss Mary'' for all the above reasons".<ref name="H"/> In 2015, Deepa Gahlot in her book ''Take-2: 50 Films That Deserve a New Audience'', wrote that "''Miss Mary'' had a rather bold plot for 1957 – an unmarried young woman pretending to be the wife of a stranger, for the sake of a job!" and concluded that "It must have been refreshing for audiences to watch a light hearted romance. It still is".<ref name="T"/> In 2022, a writer from ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "Though typecast as a tragedienne, she [Meena Kumari] could do comic roles with aplomb too as seen in films such as ''Miss Mary'' (1957), [[Shararat (1959 film)|''Shararat'']] (1959) and ''[[Kohinoor (1960 film)|Kohinoor]]'' (1960) but she never got much of a chance. This was perhaps her biggest tragedy".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/on-her-50th-death-anniversary-remembering-the-triple-tragedies-of-meena-kumari/articleshow/90584401.cms|title=On her 50th death anniversary, remembering the triple tragedies of Meena Kumari|date=1 April 2022|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|00139466|Miss Mary}}
{{L. V. Prasad}}
{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:1957 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1957 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hemant Kumar]]
[[Category:Films directed by L. V. Prasad]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:1957 comedy films]]

Hatyara (1977 film)

2026-03-03T23:27:37Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Adding A Info...

{{for|the 1998 film|Hatyara (1998 film)}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hatyara
| image = Hatyara 1977 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Surendra Mohan]]
| producer = [[Sunil Sharma]]
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Moushumi Chatterjee]] [[Vinod Khanna]] [[Rakesh Roshan]]
| music = [[Kalyanji Anandji]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1977}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}
'''''Hatyara''''' ({{lit|Murderer}}) is a 1977 Hindi [[action crime film]]. Produced by Sunil Sharma and directed by Surendra Mohan, the film stars [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Moushumi Chatterjee]], [[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]], [[Rakesh Roshan]] and [[Nirupa Roy]]. The film's music is by [[Kalyanji Anandji]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=HatyaraU |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/hatyara/movieshow/61343034.cms |access-date=2025-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=1976-12-01 |title=Hatyara Cast List {{!}} Hatyara Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/hatyara-2/cast/ |access-date=2025-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==

Daulat Singh and Bhairav Singh are bandits in India and live a violent lifestyle. Daulat is married to Shanta and has two children, Vijay and Geeta. One Diwali he accidentally kills a man, leaving behind a son and his mother almost destitute. Moved by their plight, he surrenders to the police, is arrested, tried and sentenced to life in prison. Whatever money he earns in prison, he sends it to the widow and her son. Due to his good conduct, he is discharged after several years and returns home to his now grown-up Forest Officer son, and matured daughter. The village welcomes him back and also honors him. He meets with the local Thakur and arranges Vijay's marriage with his daughter, Gauri, who love each other. Inspector Prakash, Vijay's friend, has fallen in love with Geeta and Daulat is more than happy to get them married also. Geeta's marriage is arranged, but on the day of the wedding, Prakash's mother recognizes Daulat as the man who killed her husband, and decides to cancel the wedding. An enraged Thakur also breaks off Gauri's marriage with Vijay, and decides to get her married to Bankelal. When Gauri objects to this marriage, Banke has Vijay abducted and forces Gauri to marry him, but Vijay manages to escape, kills Banke and joins forces with Bhairav Singh and other bandits. He exacts vengeance on Pyarelal by killing him thus pitting himself against his very own father, who disowns him, as well as Prakash who decides to entrap him on Raksha bandhan albeit in vain. Prakash's mother has a change of heart when she finds out that Daulat has been providing for her financially all these years, and agrees to accept Geeta as her daughter-in-law. But before the marriage could take place, she angrily approaches Daulat and tells him that the wedding is canceled again - this time because Vijay has abducted Prakash. Watch what impact this has on Daulat, Geeta, Shanta, and the rest of the village.

== Cast ==
*[[Vinod Khanna]] as Vijay/Inspector Ajay Singh
*[[Moushumi Chatterjee]] as Gauri
*[[Rajesh Khanna]] (Special Appearance)
*[[Rakesh Roshan]] as Inspector Prakash
*[[Pran (actor)|Pran]] as Daulat Singh
*[[Nirupa Roy]] as Prakash's mother
*[[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]]
*[[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]] as Bhairav Singh
*[[Manmohan (actor)|Manmohan]] as Banke
*[[Raj Mehra]] as Thakur
*[[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal Chaturvedi]] as Pyare
*[[Chand Usmani]] as Shanta D. Singh
*[[Abhi Bhattacharya]] as Jailor
*[[Laxmi Chhaya]] as Champakali
*Dev Kumar as Zaalim Singh

== Music ==
#"Sone Ka Chabutara, Uspe Naache Mor" – [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
#"Hamara Kaam Hai, Hum Toh Sare Bajaar Naachnge" – [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]], Johnny Junior, Shahid Bijnori
#"Zindagi Naam Hai, Waqt Ki Maar Ka" – [[Mohammed Rafi]]
#"Mere Noor Ke Charche Dur Dur" – [[Asha Bhosle]]
#"Rakhi Le Lo" – [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0373891|Hatyara}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:1977 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Kalyanji Anandji]]
[[Category:Films directed by Surendra Mohan]]
[[Category:Cross-dressing in Indian films]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Mounamelanoyi

2026-03-03T21:58:09Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mounamelanoyi
| image = Mounamelanoye.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = Syam Prasad
| writer = Syam Prasad Saikrishna (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = JM Joshi Mahesh Rathi
| starring = [[Sachiin J. Joshi|Sachin]] Sampada Vaze
| narrator =
| cinematography = Vasu
| editing =
| music = [[Ramana Gogula]]
| studio = Manisha Multimedia Arts
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2002|4|25}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mounamelanoyi''''' ({{Translation|Why the silence?}}) is a 2002 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by Shyam Prasad and starring [[Sachiin J. Joshi|Sachin]] and Sampada Vaze. The film's title is based on the song of the same name from ''[[Sagara Sangamam]]'' (1983).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/s-janaki-birthday-15-popular-telugu-songs-videos-7283352/|title=From Akasam Enatido to Mounamelanoyi: 15 evergreen Telugu songs of S Janaki|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=23 April 2021|last=Kameshwari|first=A.}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*[[Sachiin J. Joshi|Sachin]] as Bobby<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/actor-sachiin-j-joshi-turns-35-today/articleshow/70567360.cms|title=Actor Sachiin J Joshi turns 35 today|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 August 2019}}</ref>
*Sampada Vaze as Mounika
*[[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Mounika's father
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Mounika's uncle
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Mounika's uncle
*[[Sivaji Raja]] as Mounika's uncle
*[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Mounika's mother
*[[Annapurna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Mounika's aunt
*Delhi Rajeswari as Mounika's aunt
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as Mounika's aunt
*Saraswathamma as Mounika's grandmother
*[[M. S. Narayana]] as Lecturer
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Srinu
*Babloo as Bobby's friend
*[[Nitya Shetty|Baby Nitya]] as Mounika's sister
*[[Aditi Govitrikar]] (special appearance in the song "Dancheti Ammalakkalalo")
*Rajyalakshmi Roy (special appearance in the song "Idi Benaras")
{{Colend}}

== Production ==
[[Sachiin J. Joshi|Sachiin Joshi]] made his debut with this film. He landed the role through producer Hamid Bhai. To learn his dialogues, Sachin wrote his dialogues in English.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/mounamelanoyi-will-be-a-sure-shot-hit/articleshow/8001627.cms|title="Mounamelanoyi will be a sure shot hit"|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 April 2002|last=Sen|first=Alina}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Veturi]], Ramana Gogula
| all_music = [[Ramana Gogula]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-mounamela.html|title=Mounamelanoyi - Jukebox|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021024162536/https://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-mounamela.html|archive-date=24 October 2002}}</ref>
| title1 = O Priyurala
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = Ramana Gogula, Priya
| length1 =
| title2 = Krishnaveni Teeramlo
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = Ramana Gogula
| length2 =
| title3 = Dancheti Ammalakkalalo
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = Ramana Gogula, Priya
| length3 =
| title4 = Vayyari Nadakalu
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = Ramana Gogula
| length4 =
| title5 = Idi Benaras
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Priya
| length5 =
| title6 = Preme Ganamaye
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = Ramana Gogula
| length6 =
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "Shyamprasad handles the subject well by making the visuals speak for themselves".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/29/stories/2002042900770400.htm|title=Feel-good love story|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 April 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021115425/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/29/stories/2002042900770400.htm|archive-date=21 October 2010}}</ref> A critic from ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote that "The direction is decent enough as the movie manages to pull through despite the maddening silence".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/mounamelanoyi/telugu/mounamelanoyi-movie-reviews-706-2.html|title=Mounamelanoyi Review|first=Arpan|last=Panicker|work=Full Hyderabad}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|3454974}}

[[Category:2002 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Law Commission of India

2026-02-17T16:30:17Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{Short description|Indian executive body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Law Commission of India
| image = Emblem of India.svg
| image_border =
| size = 50
| caption =
| formation = First time in 1834; (Current in 2024)
| type = Agency of [[Government of India]]
| status = Ad hoc, term based
| purpose = Law Reform in India
| headquarters = New Delhi
| location = Second and forth floors, "B" Wing, Lok Nayak Bhawan, Khan Market, New Delhi- 110003.
| membership = Chairman, 2 permanent members(including member secretary), 2 part-time members, 2 ex-officio members
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Justice (Retd.) [[Dinesh Maheshwari]] (23rd Law Commission)
| leader_title2 = Full-time member
| leader_name2 = Prof. D P Verma, Hitesh Jain
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| website = [http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/ www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in]
| remarks =
}}

The '''Law Commission of India''' is an [[Executive (government)|executive body]] established by an order of the [[Government of India]]. The commission's function is to research and advise the government on legal reform, and is composition of legal experts, and headed by a retired judge. The commission is established for a fixed tenure and works as an advisory body to the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]].

The first Law Commission was established during [[Colonial India|colonial rule in India]] by the [[East India Company]] under the [[Charter Act 1833]] and was presided over by [[Thomas Babington Macaulay|Lord Macaulay]]. After that, three more commissions were established in British India. The first Law Commission of independent India was established in 1955 for a three-year term. Since then, twenty-two more commissions have been established. On 7 November 2022, [[Ritu Raj Awasthi|Justice Rituraj Awasthi]] (Former Chief Justice of the Karnataka HC) was appointed as the chairperson of the 22nd Law Commission and Justice KT Sankaran, Prof.(Dr.) Anand Paliwal, Prof. DP Verma, Prof. (Dr) Raka Arya and Shri M. Karunanithi as members of the commission.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-11-07 |title=Centre appoints Justice Rituraj Awasthi as Chairperson, Law Commission of India |url=https://theprint.in/india/centre-appoints-justice-rituraj-awasthi-as-chairperson-law-commission-of-india/1203539/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=Centre constitutes 22nd Law Commission: what role does this body play? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/law-commission-of-india-rituraj-awasthi-constitution-role-powers-explained-8256040/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Evolution of Law Commission in India==
{{Politics of India}}

The origin of the first Law Commission of India lies in the diverse and often conflicting laws prevailing in the local regions and those administered by the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]], which was granted [[royal charter]]s and also conferred powers by the various Indian rulers to administer and oversee the conduct of the inhabitants in the local areas where the company exercised control.<ref>{{Cite book | author=Jain, M.P. | title=Outlines of Indian Legal History | year=1984 | publisher=N.M. Tripathi | location= Bombay }}</ref> During this period of administration by the company, two sets of laws operated in the areas; one which applied to and in relation to British citizens and the second which applied to the local inhabitants and aliens. This was considered as a major stumbling block for proper administration by the British government during the times which is now known as the [[British Raj]]. In order to improve the law-and-order situation and also to ensure uniformity of legal administration, various options were looked for. Until then the British government had been passing various [[enactment (British legal term)|enactments]] to deal with particular situations, such as the Prohibition of [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] in (1829) by [[Lord William Bentinck]] under the influence of [[Raja Ram Mohan Roy]]. However, it was for the first time in (1833) that the idea to establish a Law Commission for a comprehensive examination of the existing legal system prevailing in the British administered areas and its overhaul was instituted.

==Pre-Independence Law Commissions of India==
The first Law Commission was established in 1834 by the British government under the chairmanship of [[Lord Macaulay]].<ref name="early">{{cite web |url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#EARLY_BEGINNINGS: |title=Early beginnings |publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-05 }}</ref> It suggested various enactments to the British government, most of which were passed and enacted and are still in force in India. Few of the most important recommendations made by this first Law Commission were those on the ''[[Indian Penal Code]]'' (first submitted in 1837 but enacted in 1860 and still in force), ''Criminal Procedure Code'' (enacted in 1898, repealed and succeeded by the ''Criminal Procedure Code of 1973''), etc. Thereafter three more Law Commissions were established which made a number of other recommendations the ''[[Indian Evidence Act]]'' (1872) and ''Indian Contract Act'' (1872), etc. being some of the significant ones. The contribution of these Law Commissions can be enumerated as under.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! First Pre-Independence Law Commission
! Second Pre-Independence Law Commission
! Third Pre-Independence Law Commission
! Fourth Pre-Independence Law Commission
|-
| '''Established'''
| {{center|1834}}
| {{center|1853}}
| {{center|1861}}
| {{center|1879}}
|-
| '''Chairman'''
| {{center|[[Lord Macaulay]]<ref name="early"/>}}
| {{center| [[John Romilly, 1st Baron Romilly|Sir John Romilly]]<ref name = "eugen">{{Cite book | author=Eugen Lang, Maurice | title=Codification in the British Empire And America | year=2005 | publisher=Lawbook Exchange | isbn=978-1-58477-620-8 | pages=78–92}}</ref>}}
| {{center| [[John Romilly, 1st Baron Romilly|Sir John Romilly]]<ref name = "eugen"/> }}
| {{center| Dr. Whitley Stokes<ref>{{Cite book | author=Mishra, Shree Govind | title=The legal history of India, 1600-1990 | year=1993 | publisher=Uppal Pub. House | location=New Delhi | isbn=81-85565-21-X }}</ref>}}
|-
| '''Members'''<ref name = "eugen"/>
| (1) J.M. Macleod, (2) [[George William Anderson|G.W. Anderson]], and (3) F. Millet
| (1) Sir Lord Jervis, (2) [[Edward Ryan (barrister)|Sir Edward Ryan]], (3) R. Lowe, (4) J.M. Macleod, (5) C.H. Cameron, and (6) T.E. Ellis
| Initially (1) Sir Edward Ryan, (2) R. Lowe, (3) J.M. Macleod, (4) [[William Erle|Sir W. Erle]], and (5) Justice Wills. Subsequently, Sir W. Erle, and Justice Wills succeeded by [[William Milbourne James (judge)|Sir W.M. James]] and J. Henderson. Later J. Henderson replaced by Justice Lush.
| (1) Sir Charles Turner, and (2) Raymond West
|-
| '''Reports'''<ref name = "eugen"/><ref>{{Cite book | author=Char, S. V., Desika | title=Readings in the constitutional history of India, 1757–1947 | year=1983 | publisher=Oxford | location=Delhi | isbn=0-19-561264-7 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | author=Bryce, James Y. | title=Studies in history and jurisprudence: Volume 1 | date=April 2002 | publisher=Adamant Media Corporation | isbn=1-4021-9046-8 | pages= 121}}</ref>
| Penal Code (2 May 1837)
| Code of Civil Procedure and Law of Limitation (1859)
| A code for Succession and Inheritance for Indians other than Hindus and Muslims (1865)
| Code of Negotiable Instruments (1881)
|-
|
| ''Lex Loci'' (role and authority of [[English law]] in India) (31 October 1840)
| Penal Code (1860)
| Draft Contract Law (1866)
| Code on Trusts Law (1882)
|-
|
| {{center| – }}
| Code of Criminal Procedure (1861)
| Draft Negotiable Instruments Law (1867)
| Code on Transfer of Property and Easements (1882)
|-
|
| {{center| – }}
| {{center| – }}
| Draft Evidence Law (1868)
| Revised Code of Criminal Procedure (1882)
|-
|
| {{center| – }}
| {{center| – }}
| Revision of Code of Criminal Procedure (1870)
| Revised Code of Civil Procedure (1882)
|-
|
| {{center| – }}
| {{center| – }}
| Draft Transfer of Property Law (1870)
| {{center| – }}
|-
|
| {{center| – }}
| {{center| – }}
| Draft Code on Insurance (1871)
| {{center| – }}
|-
|}

A two-member Viceroy's Executive Council (composed of Sir [[Henry Maine]] and Sir [[James Fitzjames Stephen]]) also worked on the side-lines of the Law Commissions and ensured the passage of the following noteworthy laws;<ref>{{Cite book | author=Riddick, John A. | title=The history of British India: a chronology | year=2006 | publisher=Praeger | location=Westport, Conn. | isbn=0-313-32280-5 }}</ref>

{{colbegin}}
* 1863 - Religious Endowments Act
* 1864 - Official Trustees Act
* 1865 - Carriers Act
* 1865 - Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act
* 1865 - Parsi Intestate Succession Act
* 1866 - Indian Companies Act
* 1866 - Native Converts Marriage Dissolution Act
* 1866 – Trustees Act
* 1866 – Trustees and Mortgage Powers Act
* 1867 – Press and Registration of Books Act
* 1868 – General Clauses Act
* 1869 – Divorce Act
* 1870 – Court Fees Act
* 1870 – Land Acquisition Act
* 1870 – Female Infanticide Act
* 1870 – Female Infanticide Prevention Act
* 1870 – Hindu Wills Act
* 1872 – Code of Criminal Procedure (revised)
* 1872 – Indian Contract Act
* 1872 – [[Indian Evidence Act]]
* 1872 – Special Marriages Act
* 1872 – Punjab Laws Act
{{colend}}

==Law Commissions in Independent India==
The tradition of pursuing [[law reform]] through the medium of a [[law commission]] was continued in post-independent India. The first law commission in independent India was established in 1955 and since then twenty-two more law commissions have been established. Each of these commissions have been chaired by a prominent legal personality in India and has made a significant contribution to the legal diaspora of India. The contribution of each of these commissions has been enumerated below.

===First Law Commission===
The First Law Commission of independent India was established in 1955. The chairman of this commission was [[M. C. Setalvad]], who was also the first [[Attorney-General for India|attorney-general of India]]. The term of this commission was established as three years (which by convention has been followed till date) and this commission submitted its last report on 26 September 1958. The reports submitted by the First Law Commission of India are as under.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca0daec69b5adc880fb464895726dbdf/uploads/2022/08/2022080514.pdf |title= First Law Commission |publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2023-01-09 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Date of presentation
! Title of report
|-
| 1
| {{center| 11 May 1956 }}
| Liability of the State in Tort
|-
| 2
| {{center| 2 July 1956 }}
| Parliamentary Legislation relating to Sales Tax
|-
| 3
| {{center| 21 July 1956 }}
| Limitation Act, 1908
|-
| 4
| {{center| 1 August 1956 }}
| On the proposal that High Courts should sit in Benches at different places in a State
|-
| 5
| {{center| 11 May 1957 }}
| British Statutes Applicable to India
|-
| 6
| {{center| 13 July 1957 }}
| Registration Act, 1908
|-
| 7
| {{center| 13 July 1957 }}
| Partnership Act, 1932
|-
| 8
| {{center| 1 March 1958 }}
| Sale of Goods Act, 1930
|-
| 9
| {{center| 19 July 1958 }}
| Specific Relief Act, 1877
|-
| 10
| {{center| 26 September 1958 }}
| Law of Acquisition and Requisitioning of Law
|-
| 11
| {{center| 26 September 1958 }}
| Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
|-
| 12
| {{center| 26 September 1958 }}
| Income Tax Act, 1922
|-
| 13
| {{center| 26 September 1958 }}
| Contract Act, 1872
|-
| 14
| {{center| 26 September 1958 }}
| Reform of Judicial Administration
|-
|}

===Second Law Commission===
The Second Law Commission was established in 1958 under the chairmanship of Justice T. V. Venkatarama Aiyar. It stayed in office till 1961.<ref name="First">{{cite web |url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#POST-INDEPENDENCE_DEVELOPMENTS: |title= Law Commissions of India |publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-05 }}</ref> It presented the following reports.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#Second_Law_Commission |title= Second Law Commission Reports |publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-05 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 15
| {{center| 1960 }}
| Law relating to Marriage and Divorce amongst Christians in India
|-
| 16
| {{center| 1960 }}
| Official Trustees Act, 1913
|-
| 17
| {{center| 1961 }}
| Report on Trusts Act, 1882
|-
| 18
| {{center| 1961 }}
| Converts' Marriage Dissolution Act, 1866
|-
| 19
| {{center| 1961 }}
| The Administrator-General's Act, 1913
|-
| 20
| {{center| 1961 }}
| The Law of Hire-Purchase
|-
| 21
| {{center| 1961 }}
| Marine Insurance
|-
| 22
| {{center| 1961 }}
| Christian Marriage and Matrimonial Causes Bill, 1961
|-
|}

===Third Law Commission===
The Third Law Commission was established in 1961 under the chairmanship of Justice J. L. Kapur. It stayed in office till 1964.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#Third_Law_Commission |title= Third Law Commission Reports |publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-05 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 23
| {{center| 1962 }}
| Law of Foreign Marriages
|-
| 24
| {{center| 1962 }}
| The Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952
|-
| 25
| {{center| 1963 }}
| Evidence of Officers about forged stamps, currency notes, etc. Section 509-A Cr.P.C. as proposed
|-
| 26
| {{center| 1964 }}
| Insolvency Laws
|-
| 27
| {{center| 1964 }}
| The [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908|Code of Civil Procedure, 1908]]
|-
| 28
| {{center| 1964 }}
| The Indian Oaths Act, 1873
|-
|}

===Fourth Law Commission===
The Fourth Law Commission was established in 1964 and was again under the chairmanship of Justice J. L. Kapur. It stayed in office till 1968.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 29
| {{center| 1967 }}
| Proposal to include certain Social and Economic Offences in the Indian Penal Code, 1860
|-
| 30
| {{center| 1967 }}
| Section 5 of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956, taxation by the States in the course of import
|-
| 31
| {{center| 1967 }}
| Section 30(2) of the Indian Registration Act, 1908 – Extension to Delhi
|-
| 32
| {{center| 1967 }}
| Section 9 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898
|-
| 33
| {{center| 1967 }}
| Section 44 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898
|-
| 34
| {{center| 1967 }}
| Indian Registration Act, 1908
|-
| 35
| {{center| 1967 }}
| Capital Punishment
|-
| 36
| {{center| 1967 }}
| Section 497, 498 and 499 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898
|-
| 37
| {{center| 1967 }}
| The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898
|-
| 38
| {{center| 1968 }}
| Indian Post Office Act, 1898
|-
|}

===Fifth Law Commission===
The Fifth Law Commission was established in 1968 under the chairmanship of [[K. V. K. Sundaram]]. It stayed in office till 1971.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 39
| {{center| 1968 }}
| Punishment for imprisonment for life under the Indian Penal Code
|-
| 40
| {{center| 1969 }}
| Law relating to attendance of Prisoners in Courts
|-
| 41
| {{center| 1969 }}
| The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898
|-
| 42
| {{center| 1971 }}
| Indian Penal Code
|-
| 43
| {{center| 1971 }}
| Offences against the National Security
|-
| 44
| {{center| 1971 }}
| The Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in Civil Matters
|-
|}

===Sixth Law Commission===
The Sixth Law Commission was established in 1971 under the chairmanship of Justice [[P. B. Gajendragadkar]]. It stayed in office till 1974.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 45
| {{center| 1971 }}
| Civil Appeals to the Supreme Court on a Certificate of Fitness
|-
| 46
| {{center| 1971 }}
| The Constitution (Twenty-Fifth Amendment) Bill, 1971
|-
| 47
| {{center| 1972 }}
| The trial and punishment of Social and Economic Offences
|-
| 48
| {{center| 1972 }}
| Some questions under the Code of Criminal Procedure Bill, 1970
|-
| 49
| {{center| 1972 }}
| The proposal for inclusion of agricultural income in the total income
|-
| 50
| {{center| 1972 }}
| The proposal to include persons connected with the Public examination within the definition of 'Public Servant'
|-
| 51
| {{center| 1972 }}
| Compensation of injuries caused by automobiles in hit-and-run cases
|-
| 52
| {{center| 1972 }}
| Estate duty on property acquired after death
|-
| 53
| {{center| 1972 }}
| Effect of the Pensions Act, 1871 on the right to sue for pensions of retired members of public service
|-
| 54
| {{center| 1973 }}
| The [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908|Code of Civil Procedure, 1908]]
|-
| 55
| {{center| 1973 }}
| Rate of Interest after decree and interest on costs under Section 34 and 35 of the [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908|Code of Civil Procedure, 1908]]
|-
| 56
| {{center| 1973 }}
| Statutory Provision as to the Notice of Suit other than Section 80, [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908]]
|-
| 57
| {{center| 1973 }}
| Benami Transactions
|-
| 58
| {{center| 1974 }}
| Stature and Jurisdiction of the Higher Judiciary
|-
| 59
| {{center| 1974 }}
| Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and Special Marriage Act, 1954
|-
| 60
| {{center| 1974 }}
| The General Clauses Act, 1897
|-
| 61
| {{center| 1974 }}
| Certain problems with the power of the States to levy a tax on the sale of goods
|-
|}

===Seventh Law Commission===
The Seventh Law Commission was established in 1974 again under the chairmanship of Justice P. B. Gajendragadkar. It stayed in office till 1977.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 62
| {{center| 1974 }}
| Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923
|-
| 63
| {{center| 1975 }}
| The Interest Act, 1839
|-
| 64
| {{center| 1975 }}
| The Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act, 1956
|-
| 65
| {{center| 1976 }}
| Recognition of Foreign Divorces
|-
| 66
| {{center| 1976 }}
| Married Women's Property Act, 1874
|-
| 67
| {{center| 1977 }}
| The Indian Stamp Act, 1899
|-
| 68
| {{center| 1977 }}
| The Power of Attorney Act, 1882
|-
| 69
| {{center| 1977 }}
| The Indian Evidence Act, 1872
|-
| 70
| {{center| 1977 }}
| The Transfer of Property Act, 1882
|-
|}

===Eighth Law Commission===
The Eighth Law Commission was established in 1977 under the chairmanship of Justice [[H. R. Khanna]]. It stayed in office till 1979.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 71
| {{center| 1978 }}
| Irretrievable breakdown of marriage as a ground for divorce
|-
| 72
| {{center| 1978 }}
| Restriction on practice after being a permanent judge
|-
| 73
| {{center| 1978 }}
| Criminal liability for failure by husband to pay maintenance or permanent alimony granted to the wife
|-
| 74
| {{center| 1978 }}
| Proposal to amend the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 so as to render Admissible certain statements made by witnesses before Commissions of Inquiry and other Statutory Authorities
|-
| 75
| {{center| 1978 }}
| Disciplinary jurisdiction under the Advocates Act, 1961
|-
| 76
| {{center| 1978 }}
| Arbitration Act, 1940
|-
| 77
| {{center| 1979 }}
| Delay and arrears in trial courts
|-
| 78
| {{center| 1979 }}
| Congestion of under trial persons in jails
|-
| 79
| {{center| 1979 }}
| Delays and arrears in High Courts and other Appellate Courts
|-
| 80
| {{center| 1979 }}
| Method of Appointment of Judges
|-
|}

===Ninth Law Commission===
The Ninth Law Commission was established in 1979 under the chairmanship of Justice [[P. V. Dixit]]. It stayed in office till 1980.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 81
| {{center| 1979 }}
| Hindu Widows Remarriage Act, 1856
|-
| 82
| {{center| 1980 }}
| Effect of nomination under Section 39, Insurance Act, 1938
|-
| 83
| {{center| 1980 }}
| The Guardian and Wards Act, 1890
|-
| 84
| {{center| 1980 }}
| Rape and allied offences-some questions of substantive law, procedure and evidence
|-
| 85
| {{center| 1980 }}
| Claims for compensation under Chapter 8 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939
|-
| 86
| {{center| 1980 }}
| The Partition Act, 1893
|-
| 87
| {{center| 1980 }}
| Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920
|-
|}

===Tenth Law Commission===
The Tenth Law Commission was established in 1981 under the chairmanship of Justice [[K. K. Mathew]]. It stayed in office till 1985.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 88
| {{center| 1983 }}
| Governmental Privileges in Evidence
|-
| 89
| {{center| 1983 }}
| The Limitation Act, 1963
|-
| 90
| {{center| 1983 }}
| The Grounds for Divorce amongst Christians in India
|-
| 91
| {{center| 1983 }}
| Dowry deaths and law reform
|-
| 92
| {{center| 1983 }}
| Damages in applications for Judicial Review Recommendations for legislation
|-
| 93
| {{center| 1983 }}
| Disclosures of sources of information by mass media
|-
| 94
| {{center| 1983 }}
| Evidence obtained illegally or improperly
|-
| 95
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Constitutional Division within Supreme Court
|-
| 96
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Repeal of certain obsolete Central Acts
|-
| 97
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872: prescriptive clauses in contracts
|-
| 98
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Sections 24 to 26 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
|-
| 99
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Oral and written arguments in the Higher courts
|-
| 100
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Litigation by and against the Government
|-
| 101
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Freedom of Speech and Expression under Article 19 of the Constitution
|-
| 102
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Section 122(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
|-
| 103
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Unfair Terms in contracts
|-
| 104
| {{center| 1984 }}
| The Judicial Officers' Protection Act, 1850
|-
| 105
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Quality control and inspection of consumer goods
|-
| 106
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Section 103A, Motor Vehicles Act, 1939
|-
| 107
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Law of Citizenship
|-
| 108
| {{center| 1984 }}
| Promissory Estoppel
|-
| 109
| {{center| 1985 }}
| Obscene and Indecent Advertisements and Displays
|-
| 110
| {{center| 1985 }}
| Indian Succession Act, 1925
|-
| 111
| {{center| 1985 }}
| Fatal Incidents Act, 1955
|-
| 112
| {{center| 1985 }}
| Section 45 of the Insurance Act, 1938
|-
| 113
| {{center| 1985 }}
| Injuries in Police Custody
|-
|}

===Eleventh Law Commission===
The Eleventh Law Commission was established in 1985 under the chairmanship of Justice D. A. Desai. It stayed in office till 1988.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 114
| {{center| 1986 }}
| Gram Nyayalaya
|-
| 115
| {{center| 1986 }}
| Tax Courts
|-
| 116
| {{center| 1986 }}
| Formation of an All India Judicial Service
|-
| 117
| {{center| 1986 }}
| Training of Judicial Officers
|-
| 118
| {{center| 1986 }}
| Method of appointment to subordinate courts
|-
| 119
| {{center| 1987 }}
| Access to Exclusive Forum for victims of motor accidents
|-
| 120
| {{center| 1987 }}
| Manpower planning in Judiciary
|-
| 121
| {{center| 1987 }}
| A new forum for Judicial Appointments
|-
| 122
| {{center| 1987 }}
| Forum for National uniformity in Labour Adjudication
|-
| 123
| {{center| 1988 }}
| Decentralization in Administration of Justice
|-
| 124
| {{center| 1988 }}
| The High Court Arrears – A fresh look
|-
| 125
| {{center| 1988 }}
| The Supreme Court – A fresh look
|-
| 126
| {{center| 1988 }}
| Government and Public Sector Undertaking Litigation policy and Strategies
|-
| 127
| {{center| 1988 }}
| Resource Allocation for Infra-Structural Services in Judicial Administration
|-
| 128
| {{center| 1988 }}
| Cost of Litigation
|-
| 129
| {{center| 1988 }}
| Urban Litigation – Mediation as alternative to Litigation
|-
| 130
| {{center| 1988 }}
| Benami Transactions : A continuum
|-
| 131
| {{center| 1988 }}
| Role of legal profession in Administration of Justice
|-
|}

===Twelfth Law Commission===
The Twelfth Law Commission was established in 1988 under the chairmanship of Justice [[Manharlal Pranlal Thakkar]]. It stayed in office till 1989.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 132
| {{center| 1989 }}
| Need for Amendment of the Provisions of the Chapter IX of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 in order to ameliorate the hardship and mitigate the distress of Neglected Women, Children and Parents
|-
| 133
| {{center| 1989 }}
| Removal of discrimination against Women in matters relating to Guardianship and Custody of Minor Children and Elaboration of the Welfare Principle
|-
| 134
| {{center| 1989 }}
| Removing Deficiencies in certain provisions of the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923
|-
| 135
| {{center| 1989 }}
| Women in Custody
|-
| 136
| {{center| 1990 }}
| Conflicts in High Court decisions on Central Laws – How to foreclose and how to resolve
|-
| 137
| {{center| 1990 }}
| Need for creating office of Ombudsman
|-
| 138
| {{center| 1990 }}
| Legislative Protection for Slum and Pavement Dwellers
|-
| 139
| {{center| 1991 }}
| Urgent need to amend Order XXI, Rule 92(2), [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908]]
|-
| 140
| {{center| 1991 }}
| Need to amend Order V, Rule 19A of the [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908]]
|-
| 141
| {{center| 1991 }}
| Need for amending the laws as regards power of courts to resolve criminal revisional applications and criminal cases dismissed for default in appearance
|-
| 142
| {{center| 1991 }}
| Confessional treatment for offenders who on their own initiative choose to plead guilty without any bargaining
|-
| 143
| {{center| 1991 }}
| Legislative safeguards for protecting the small depositors from exploitation
|-
|}

===Thirteenth Law Commission===
The Thirteenth Law Commission was established in 1991 under the chairmanship of [[Kamal Narain Singh|Justice K. N. Singh]]. It stayed in office till 1994.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#Thirteenth_Law_Commission |title=Thirteenth Law Commission Reports
|publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-08 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 144
| {{center| 1992 }}
| Conflicting Judicial decisions pertaining to the [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908|Code of Civil Procedure, 1908]]
|-
| 145
| {{center| 1992 }}
| Article 12 of the Constitution and Public Sector Undertakings
|-
| 146
| {{center| 1993 }}
| Sale of Women and Children: Proposed Section 373-A, Indian Penal Code
|-
| 147
| {{center| 1993 }}
| The Specific Relief Act, 1963
|-
| 148
| {{center| 1993 }}
| Repeal of Certain pre-1947 Central Acts
|-
| 149
| {{center| 1994 }}
| Removal of certain deficiencies in the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (Act No. 59 of 1988)
|-
| 150
| {{center| 1994 }}
| Suggesting some Amendments to the [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908|Code of Civil Procedure]] (Act No. V of 1908)
|-
| 151
| {{center| 1994 }}
| Admiralty Jurisdiction
|-
| 152
| {{center| 1994 }}
| Custodial Crimes
|-
| 153
| {{center| 1994 }}
| Inter-Country Adoption
|-
|}

===Fourteenth Law Commission===
The Fourteenth Law Commission was established in 1995 under the chairmanship of [[K. Jayachandra Reddy|Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy]]. It stayed in office till 1997.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#Fourteenth_Law_Commission |title=Fourteenth Law Commission Reports
|publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-08 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Date of presentation
! Title of report
|-
| 154
| {{center| 22 August 1996 }}
| The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Act No. 2 of 1974)
|-
| 155
| {{center| 12 July 1997 }}
| The Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985(Act No. 61 of 1985)
|-
| 156
| {{center| 30 August 1997 }}
| The Indian Penal Code
|-
|}

===Fifteenth Law Commission===
The Fifteenth Law Commission was established in 1997 under the chairmanship of Justice B. P. Jeevan Reddy. It stayed in office till 2000.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#Fifteenth_Law_Commission |title=Fifteenth Law Commission Reports
|publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-08 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 157
| {{center| 1998 }}
| Section 52:Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and its Amendment
|-
| 158
| {{center| 1998 }}
| The Amendment of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951
|-
| 159
| {{center| 1998 }}
| Repeal and Amendment of Laws: Part I
|-
| 160
| {{center| 1998 }}
| Amendment to the All India Council for Technical Education Act, 1987 (Act No. 52 of 1987)
|-
| 161
| {{center| 1998 }}
| Central Vigilance Commission and Allied Bodies
|-
| 162
| {{center| 1998 }}
| Review of functioning of Central Administrative Tribunal, Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal and Income-Tax Appellate Tribunal
|-
| 163
| {{center| 1998 }}
| The Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Bill, 1997
|-
| 164
| {{center| 1998 }}
| The Indian Divorce Act, 1869 (Act IV of 1869)
|-
| 165
| {{center| 1998 }}
| Free and Compulsory Education for Children
|-
| 166
| {{center| 1999 }}
| The Corrupt Public Servants (forfeiture of property) Bill
|-
| 167
| {{center| 1999 }}
| The Patents (Amendment) Bill, 1998
|-
| 168
| {{center| 1999 }}
| The Hire-Purchase Act, 1972
|-
| 169
| {{center| 1999 }}
| Amendment of Army, Navy and Air Force Act
|-
| 170
| {{center| 1999 }}
| Reform of Electoral Laws
|-
| 171
| {{center| 2000 }}
| The Biodiversity Bill, 2000
|-
| 172
| {{center| 2000 }}
| Review of Rape Laws
|-
| 173
| {{center| 2000 }}
| Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2000
|-
| 174
| {{center| 2000 }}
| Property Rights of Women: Proposed Reforms Under the Hindu Law
|-
|}

===Sixteenth Law Commission===
The Sixteenth Law Commission was established in 2000. For the period till 2001 Justice B. P. Jeevan Reddy continued as the chairman of the commission while in the period between 2002 and 2003 the commission worked under the chairmanship of Justice M. Jagannadha Rao.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#Sixteenth_Law_Commission |title=Sixteenth Law Commission Reports
|publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-08 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 175
| {{center| 2000 }}
| The Foreigners (Amendment) Bill, 2000
|-
| 176
| {{center| 2001 }}
| The Arbitration and conciliation (Amendment) Bill, 2002
|-
| 177
| {{center| 2001 }}
| Law Relating to Arrest
|-
| 178
| {{center| 2001 }}
| Recommendations for amending various enactments, both civil and criminal
|-
| 179
| {{center| 2001 }}
| Public Interest Disclosure and Protection of Informers
|-
| 180
| {{center| 2002 }}
| Article 20 (3) of the Constitution of India and Right to Silence
|-
| 181
| {{center| 2002 }}
| Amendment to Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882
|-
| 182
| {{center| 2002 }}
| Amendment of Section 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894
|-
| 183
| {{center| 2002 }}
| A Continuum on the General Clauses Act, 1897 with special reference to the admissibility and codification of external aids to interpretation of statutes
|-
| 184
| {{center| 2002 }}
| Legal Education & Professional Training and Proposals for amendments to the Advocates Act, 1961 and the University Grants Commission Act, 1956
|-
| 185
| {{center| 2003 }}
| Review of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872
|-
|}

===Seventeenth Law Commission===
The Seventeenth Law Commission was established in 2003 and continued to be under the chairmanship of Justice [[M. Jagannadha Rao]]. It stayed in office till 2006.<ref name="First"/> It presented the following reports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#Seventeenth_Law_Commission|title=Seventeenth Law Commission Reports |publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-08 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 186
| {{center| 2003 }}
| Proposal to Constitute Environment Courts
|-
| 187
| {{center| 2003 }}
| Mode of Execution of Death Sentence and Incidental Matters
|-
| 188
| {{center| 2003 }}
| The Proposals for Constitution of Hi-Tech Fast – Track Commercial Divisions in High Courts
|-
| 189
| {{center| 2004 }}
| Revision of Court Fees Structure
|-
| 190
| {{center| 2004 }}
| The Revision of the Insurance Act, 1938 and the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999
|-
| 191
| {{center| 2004 }}
| Regulation of Funds collected for Calamity Relief.
|-
| 192
| {{center| 2005 }}
| Prevention of vexatious Litigation
|-
| 193
| {{center| 2005 }}
| Transnational Litigation, Conflict of Laws, Law of Limitation
|-
| 194
| {{center| 2005 }}
| Verification of Stamp Duties and Registration of Arbitral Awards
|-
| 195
| {{center| 2006 }}
| The Judges (Inquiry) Bill, 2005
|-
| 196
| {{center| 2006 }}
| Medical Treatment to Terminally Ill Patients (Protection of Patients and Medical Practitioners)
|-
| 197
| {{center| 2006 }}
| Public Prosecutor's Appointments
|-
| 198
| {{center| 2006 }}
| Witness Identity Protection and Witness Protection Programmes
|-
| 199
| {{center| 2006 }}
| Unfair (Procedural and Substantive) Terms in Contracts
|-
| 200
| {{center| 2006 }}
| Trial by Media : Free Speech Vs. Fair Trial Under Criminal Procedure (Amendments to the Contempt of Court Act, 1971)
|-
| 201
| {{center| 2006 }}
| Medical Treatment after Accidents and During Emergency Medical Condition and Women in Labour
|-
|}

===Eighteenth Law Commission===
The Eighteenth Law Commission of India was established on 1 September 2006 and continued till 31 August 2009. Justice [[M. Jagannadha Rao]] continued to serve as the chairman of the commission until 28 May 2007 on which date [[A. R. Lakshmanan|Justice A. R. Lakshmanan]] was appointed as the chairman of the commission. It presented the following reports.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Date of presentation
! Title of report
|-
| 202
| {{center| 9 October 2007 }}
| Proposal to Amend Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code
|-
| 203
| {{center| 26 December 2007 }}
| Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 as Amended by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2005 (Anticipatory Bail)
|-
| 204
| {{center| 5 February 2008 }}
| Proposal to Amend the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 as amended by Act 39 of 2005
|-
| 205
| {{center| 5 February 2008 }}
| Proposal to Amend the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 and other allied Laws
|-
| 206
| {{center| 10 June 2008 }}
| Proposal for enactment of new Coroners Act applicable to the whole of India
|-
| 207
| {{center| 10 June 2008 }}
| Proposal to amend Section 15 of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 in case a female dies intestate leaving herself acquired property with no heirs
|-
| 208
| {{center| 30 July 2008 }}
| Proposal for the amendment of explanation to Section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 to include oral partition and family arrangement on the definition of 'partition'
|-
| 209
| {{center| 30 July 2008 }}
| Proposal for the omission of Section 213 from the Indian Succession Act, 1925
|-
| 210
| {{center| 17 October 2008 }}
| Humanization and Decriminalization of Attempt to Suicide
|-
| 211
| {{center| 17 October 2008 }}
| Laws on Registration of Marriages and Divorce – A proposal for Consolidation and Reform
|-
| 212
| {{center| 17 October 2008 }}
| Laws of Civil Marriage in India – A proposal to Resolve Certain Conflicts
|-
| 213
| {{center| 24 November 2008 }}
| Fast Track Magisterial Courts for Dishonoured Cheque Cases
|-
| 214
| {{center| 21 November 2008 }}
| Proposal for reconsideration of Judges Case I, II and III – S P Gupta Vs, UOI
|-
| 215
| {{center| 17 December 2008 }}
| L. Chandra Kumar be revisited by Larger Bench of Supreme Court
|-
| 216
| {{center| 17 December 2008 }}
| Non-Feasibility of introduction of Hindi as compulsory language in the Supreme Court of India
|-
| 217
| {{center| 30 March 2009 }}
| Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage – Another Ground for Divorce
|-
| 218
| {{center| 30 March 2009 }}
| Need to accede to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (1980)
|-
| 219
| {{center| 30 March 2009 }}
| Need for Family Law Legislations for Non-resident Indians
|-
| 220
| {{center| 30 March 2009 }}
| Need to fix Maximum Chargeable Court-fees in Subordinate Civil Courts
|-
| 221
| {{center| 30 April 2009 }}
| Need for Speedy Justice – Some Suggestions
|-
| 222
| {{center| 30 April 2009 }}
| Need for Justice-dispensation through ADR etc.
|-
| 223
| {{center| 30 April 2009 }}
| Need for Ameliorating the lot of the Have-nots – Supreme Court's judgments
|-
| 224
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Amendment of Section 2 of the Divorce Act 1869 Enabling Non-domiciled Estranged Christian Wives to seek Divorce.
|-
| 225
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Amendment of Sections 7, 7A, and 7B of Industrial Disputes Act 1947 Making Advocates Eligible to man Labour Courts and Industrial Tribunals.
2009
|-
| 226
| {{center| 2009 }}
| The Inclusion of Acid Attacks as Specific Offences in the Indian Penal Code and a Law for Compensation for Victims of Crime.
|-
| 227
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Preventing Bigamy via Conversion to Islam – A Proposal for giving Statutory Effect to Supreme Court Rulings
|-
| 228
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Need For Legislation to Regulate Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics as Well as Rights and Obligations of Parties to a Surrogacy
|-
| 229
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Need for division of the Supreme Court into a Constitution Bench at Delhi and Cassation Benches in four regions at Delhi, Chennai/ Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai
|-
| 230
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Reforms in the Judiciary – Some suggestions
|-
| 231
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Amendments in Indian Stamp Act 1899 And Court-Fees Act 1870 Permitting Different Modes of Payment
|-
| 232
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Retirement Age of chairpersons and Members of Tribunals – Need for Uniformity
|-
| 233
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Amendment of Code of Criminal Procedure Enabling Restoration of Complaints
|-
| 234
| {{center| 2009 }}
| Legal Reforms to Combat Road Accidents
|-
|}

===Nineteenth Law Commission===
The nineteenth Law Commission of India's chairman was Justice P. V. Reddi, 2009–2012.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/PV-Reddy-to-head-Law-Commission/Article1-521234.aspx Hindustantimes.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012131514/http://www.hindustantimes.com/PV-Reddy-to-head-Law-Commission/Article1-521234.aspx |date=12 October 2011 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 235
| {{center| 2010 }}
| Conversion/reconversion to another religion – mode of proof
|-
| 236
| {{center| 2010 }}
| Court-fees in Supreme Court vis-à-vis Corporate Litigation
|-
| 237
| {{center| 2011 }}
| Compounding of (IPC) offences
|-
| 238
| {{center| 2011 }}
| Amendment of Section 89 of the [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908|Code of Civil Procedure, 1908]] and Allied provisions
|-
| 239
| {{center| 2012 }}
| Expeditious Investigation and Trial of Criminal Cases Against 2012 Influential Public Personalities
|-
| 240
| {{center| 2012 }}
| Costs in Civil Litigation
|-
| 241
| {{center| 2012 }}
| Passive Euthanasia – A Relook

|-
| 242
| {{center| 2012 }}
| Prevention of Interference with the freedom of Matrimonial Alliances 2012 (in the name of Honour and Tradition ) : A suggested legal framework
|-
| 243
| {{center| 2012 }}
| Section 498 A, IPC
|}
{|
|-
|}

===Twentieth Law Commission===
The Twentieth Law Commission of India's chairman were Justice D. K. Jain from January 2013 to October 2013 and Justice A. P. Shah from November 2013 to August 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title =Three Years of Landmark Reforms; An account of Justice AP Shah's Career as Chairman Law Commission of India [Sept 2012– August 2015]|url =http://www.livelaw.in/three-years-of-landmark-reforms-an-account-of-justice-ap-shahs-career-as-chairman-law-commission-of-india-sept-2012-august-2015/|access-date = 16 August 2017|newspaper=Live Law|date=7 September 2015}}</ref> The Terms of Reference of the Twentieth Law Commission were as follows:-
A. Review/Repeal of obsolete laws:
(i) Identify laws which are no longer needed or relevant and can be immediately repealed.
(ii) Identify laws which are not in harmony with the existing climate of [[economic liberalization]] and need change.
(iii) Identify laws which otherwise require changes or amendments and to make suggestions for their amendment.
(iv) Consider in a wider perspective the suggestions for revision/amendment given by Expert Groups in various Ministries/Departments with a view to coordinating and harmonising them.
(v) Consider references made to it by Ministries/ Departments in respect of legislation having bearing on the working of more than one Ministry/ Department.
(vi) Suggest suitable measures for quick redressal of citizens grievances, in the field of law.
B. Law and Poverty
(i) Examine the Laws which affect the poor and carry out post-audit for socio-economic legislations.
(ii) Take all such measures as may be necessary to harness law and the legal process in the service of the poor.
C. Keep under review the system of judicial administration to ensure that it is responsive to the reasonable demands of the times and in particular to secure:
(i) elimination of delays, speedy clearance of arrears and reduction in costs so as to secure quick and economical disposal of cases without affecting the cardinal principle that decisions should be just and fair.
(ii) simplification of procedure to reduce and eliminate technicalities and devices for delay so that it operates not as an end in itself but as a means of achieving justice.
(iii) improvement of standards of all concerned with the administration of justice.
D. Examine the existing laws in the light of Directive Principles of State Policy and to suggest ways of improvement and reform and also to suggest such legislations as might be necessary to implement the Directive Principles and to attain the objectives set out in the Preamble to the Constitution.
E. Examine the existing laws with a view for promoting gender equality and suggesting amendments thereto.
F. Revise the Central Acts of general importance so as to simplify them and to remove anomalies, ambiguities and inequities.
G. Recommend to the Government measure for making the statute book up to date by repealing obsolete laws and enactments or parts thereof which have outlived their utility.
H. Consider and to convey to the Government its views on any subject relating to law and judicial administration that may be specifically referred to it by the Government through Ministry of Law and Justice (Department of Legal Affairs).
I. Consider the requests for providing research to any foreign countries as may be referred to it by the Government through Ministry of Law & Justice (Department of Legal Affairs).
J. Examine the impact of globalization on food security, unemployment and recommend measures for the protection of the interests of the marginalized.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 244
| {{center| 2014 }}
| Electoral Disqualifications
|-
| 245
| {{center| 2014 }}
| Arrears and Backlog: Creating Additional Judicial (wo)manpower
|-
| 246
| {{center| 2014 }}
| Amendments to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
|-
| 247
| {{center| 2014 }}
| Sections 41 to 48 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 – Proposed Reforms
|-
| 248
| {{center| 2014 }}
| Obsolete Laws: Warranting Immediate Repeal (Interim Report)
|-
| 249
| {{center| 2014 }}
| Obsolete Laws: Warranting Immediate Repeal (Second Interim Report)
|-
| 250
| {{center| 2014 }}
| Obsolete Laws: Warranting Immediate Repeal (Third Interim Report)
|-
| 251
| {{center| 2014 }}
| Obsolete Laws: Warranting Immediate Repeal (Fourth Interim Report)
|-
| 252
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Right of the Hindu Wife to Maintenance: A relook at Section 18 of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956
|-
| 253
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate Division of High Courts and Commercial Courts Bill, 2015
|-
| 254
| {{center| 2015 }}
| The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 2013
|-
| 255
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Electoral Reforms
|-
| 256
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Eliminating Discrimination Against Persons Affected by Leprosy
|-
| 257
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Reforms in Guardianship and Custody Laws in India
|-
| 258
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Prevention of Bribery of Foreign Public Officials and Officials of Public International Organisations – A Study and Proposed Amendments

|-
| 259
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Early Childhood Development and Legal Entitlement
|-
| 260
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Analysis of the 2015 Draft Model Indian Bilateral Investment Treaty
|-
| 261
| {{center| 2015 }}
| Need to Regulate Pet Shops and Dog and Aquarium Fish Breeding
|-
| 262
| {{center| 2015 }}
| The Death Penalty
|-
|}

===Twenty-First Law Commission===
In 2015, the Law Ministry had forwarded a list of 48 former judges of high courts and Supreme Court to the Prime Minister's Office to select the next Law Commission chairperson. The term of the 20th Law Commission ended on 30 August last year and the Union Cabinet approved creation of the 21st Law Commission on 9 September. The Law Ministry brought out a notification to create the 21st law panel on 14 September last.

One of the key issues pending before the law panel is a call on amending the Indian Penal Code amid allegations of abuse and arbitrary use of the law. The Law Ministry had urged the commission to study the usage of the provisions of Section 124A (Sedition) of the IPC.

Former Supreme Court judge Balbir Singh Chauhan was appointed chairman of the 21st Law Commission. Justice Ravi R. Tripathi, retired judge of the Gujarat High Court was appointed as Full-time Member.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lawmin.nic.in/la/MemberLCI.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-date=12 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812010820/http://lawmin.nic.in/la/MemberLCI.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 10 June 2016, [[Satya Pal Jain]], [[Additional Solicitor General of India]], was appointed as part-time member of the commission.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.satyapaljain.com/biography/ | title=Biography – Satya Pal Jain | Additional Solicitor General of India, Ex-MP (Lok Sabha), Ex-Member – Law Commission of India, Senior Advocate | date=8 May 2021 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 263
| {{center| 2016 }}
| The Protection of Children (Inter-Country Removal and Retention) Bill
|-
| 264
| {{center| 2017 }}
| The Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill (Provisions dealing with Food Adulteration)
|-
| 265
| {{center| 2017 }}
| Prospects of Exempting Income arising out of Maintenance Money of 'Minor'
|-
| 266
| {{center| 2017 }}
| The Advocates Act, 1961 (Regulation of Legal Profession)
|-
| 267
| {{center| 2017 }}
| Hate Speech
|-
| 268
| {{center| 2017 }}
| Amendments to Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Provisions Relating to Bail
|-
| 269
| {{center| 2017 }}
| House-keeping of egg laying hens
|-
| 270
| {{center| 2017 }}
| Compulsory Registration of Marriages
|-
| 271
| {{center| 2017 }}
| Human DNA Profiling
|-
| 272
| {{center| 2017 }}
| Assessment of Statutory Framework of Tribunals in India
|-
| 273
| {{center| 2017 }}
| Implementation of United Nations Convention Against Torture
|-
| 274
| {{center| 2018 }}
| Review of Contempt of Courts Act, 1971
|-
| 275
| {{center| 2018 }}
| Legal Framework: BCCI vis-à-vis Right to Information Act, 2005
|-
| 276
| {{center| 2018 }}
| Legal Framework: Gambling and Sports Betting Including Cricket in India
|-
| 277
| {{center| 2018 }}
| Wrongful Prosecution (Miscarriage of Justice): Legal Remedies
|-
|}

===Twenty-Second Law Commission===
The Twenty-Second Law Commission was constituted for a period of three years on 21 February 2020 and its chairperson, Justice Rituraj Awasthi (retd), assumed office on 9 November 2022.

The Commission’s three year term was to end on 20 February 2023, but the Union Cabinet extended its term up to 31 August 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1901253 | title=Cabinet approves the extension of the term of the Twenty-second Law Commission of India upto 31st August, 2024 | date=22 February 2023 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Report no.
! Presented in
! Title of report
|-
| 278
| {{center| 2023 }}
| Urgent Need to Amend Rule 14(4) of Order VII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
|-
| 279
| {{center| 2023 }}
| Usage of the Law of Sedition
|-
| 280
| {{center| 2023 }}
| The Law on Adverse Possession
|-
| 281
| {{center| 2023 }}
| Compensation for Damage Due to Installation of Towers and Transmission Lines Under The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 and the Electricity Act, 2003
|-
|282
| {{center| 2023 }}
|Amendment in Section 154 of The Code of Criminal procedure, 1973 for enabling online Registration of FIR
|-
|283
| {{center| 2023 }}
|Age of Consent Under The Protection of children From Sexual Offences Act, 2012
|-
|284
| {{center| 2024 }}
|Revisiting the Law on Prevention of Damage to Public Property
|-
|285
| {{center| 2024 }}
|The Law on criminal Defamation
|-
|286
| {{center| 2024 }}
|A Comprehensive Review of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897
|-
|287
| {{center| 2024 }}
|Law on Matrimonial Issues relating to Non-Resident Indians and Overseas Citizens of India
|-
|288
| {{center| 2024 }}
|
|-
|289
| {{center| 2024 }}
|Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage
|}

=== Twenty-Third Law Commission ===
The Twenty-Third Law Commission was constituted for a period of three years on 31 August 2024 up to 31 August 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=Govt sets up 23rd Law Commission for legal reforms |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/23rd-law-commission-three-years-legal-reforms-9547237/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Its chairman and members were published in the Gazette on 15 April 2025. Justice (Retd.) Dinesh Maheshwar was appointed as its full-time Chairperson. And Prof. D P Verm and Hitesh Jain as s full-time Members.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gazette_Notification : Appointment of Hon'ble Chairperson and Members of 23rd Law Commission of India {{!}} Law Commission of India {{!}} India |url=https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/document/the-23rd-law-commission-gazette_notification-i-appointment-of-chairperson-and-members/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en}}</ref>

== Working of the Law Commission ==
The Law Commission works in close co-ordination and under the general instruction of [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]]. It generally acts as the initiation point for law reform in the country. Internally, the Law Commission works in a research-oriented manner. Employing a number of research analysts (and even law students from 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/internship.htm |title= Student Internships at Law Commission
|publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in |access-date=2008-06-05 }}</ref>), the commission works upon the assigned agenda and primarily comes up with research based reports, often conclusive and with recommendations. The permanent members of the commission generally are responsible for framing the exact topic and reference to work upon and often takes the services of eminent law experts and jurists who are familiar with the matter under review. These experts may either work part-time with the commission or may have been requested to contribute to specific reports or issues under review.

According to the commission's website, the commission's regular staff consists of about a dozen research personnel of different ranks and varied experiences with a small group of secretarial staff looks after the administration side of the commission's operations<ref name = "working">{{cite web| url=http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#HOW_DOES_THE_COMMISSION_FUNCTION?| title= How does the Commission function? |publisher=lawcommissionofindia.nic.in| access-date=2008-06-12 }}</ref> and the internal functioning of the commission can be described as a process with the following stages;
* Initiation of projects at the commission's meetings;
* Discussion of priorities; identification of topics and assignment of preparatory work to Members;
* Adoption of methodologies for collection of data and research;
* Outlining of problems and determination of areas for reform;
* Consultations with public, professional bodies and academic institutions;
* Evaluation of responses and preparation of draft of report;
* Discussion and scrutiny of report, leading to its finalization; and
* Forwarding of report to the Ministry of Law and Justice.<ref name = "working"/>

Once the report is submitted to the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]], the task of the commission ends unless it is required to rework upon identified areas of provide clarifications by the government on the report submitted. Upon receipt of the report, it is the responsible for follow-up action on the recommendations made by the commission in the report. Generally, the Ministry of Law and Justice forwards the report with its remarks to other relevant ministries in the government and seeks from them their opinion on the relevance of the recommendation and finalizes with them the manner of implementation of these recommendations. When the proposals are cleared by the various ministries and approved by the [[Indian Cabinet Ministers#Cabinet Ministers|Cabinet]], the Ministry of Law and Justice goes for drafting of the implementing legislation or follows the draft submitted by the Law Commission (which usually is the case) and presents the same for approval before the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].

==Role of Law Commission in legal reform in India==
The Law Commission of India, though an ad hoc body, has been key to law reform in India.<ref name="PIB">{{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/fe1199/f2911991.html | title= Rarely seen or heard, Law Commission's work has a great impact | publisher= Press Information Bureau (India) | author=Lalit Sethi | access-date=2008-06-05}}</ref> Its role has been both advisory and critical of the government's policies.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} The [[Supreme Court of India]] and academia have recognized the commission as pioneering and prospective.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} In a number of decisions, the Supreme Court has referred to the work done by the commission and followed its recommendations.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} The fact that the chairman of the commission is generally a retired judge of the Supreme Court has helped the prominence of the commission.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}{{blockquote|The Commission reviews judicial administration to ensure that it is responsive so that delays are eliminated, arrears are cleared and disposal of cases is quick and cost-effective without sacrificing the cardinal principle that they are just and fair. The Commission seeks to simplify procedure to curb delays and improve standards of justice. It also strives to promote an accountable and citizen-friendly government which is transparent and ensures the people's right to information.<ref name="PIB"/>}}

The recommendations of the commission are not binding on the government. "They are recommendations. They may be accepted or rejected. Action on the said recommendations depends on the ministries/departments, which are concerned with the subject matter of the recommendations."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jun/23rti.htm | title= Crores spent, yet obsolete laws live | publisher=Rediff India Abroad | date=23 June 2008 | access-date=7 May 2013}}</ref> This has resulted in a number of important and critical recommendations not being implemented. The commission, however, has continued to work upon its assigned tasks.

The power vested in the commission to ''suo motu'' take up matters for discussion and submit recommendations has also worked well to the advantage of India's legal system.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} The history of the commission is replete with such recommendations which have been made in the wake of the hour and where the law has needed change.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} Further, the commission has been often returned to review its earlier reports in the wake of changed scenarios and the aptness of law in such situations.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} [[Euthanasia]] and related issues, in particular, has been one such area where the commission has been relook the situation at least three times, with the latest being its 196th report on the topic.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Besides the Law Ministry, the commission has also been requested to work upon specific issues and submit its views by the Supreme Court on various occasions. The latest in regard has been the 205th report of the commission which has been prepared in view of the Supreme Court's request for assistance in determination of "certain legal issues relating to child marriage, and the different ages at which a person is defined as a child in different laws." The report stirred a public debate in India for recommending ''inter alia'', a reduction in marriage age of boys to be at par with girls at 18, instead of the long continuing 21 and 18 respectively.

With all its past and present works being continuously provided on the internet, the commission has also provided a firm assistance to legal research in the country.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} The fact that a number of its reports have been taken receptively by the various ministries and have been worked upon to change the legal scenario, is itself a sufficient indicator of the role of the commission in furtherance of law reform in India.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

==See also==
* [[Autonomous law schools in India]]
* [[Common Law Admission Test]]
* [[Law Commission]]
* [[Law reform]]
* [[Legal education#India|Legal Education in India]]
* [[List of law schools in India]]
* [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)]]
* [[Supreme Court of India]]
* [[Civil Procedure Code, 1908]]
* [[Pendency of court cases in India]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
#{{Cite book | author=Jain, M.P. | title=Outlines of Indian Legal History | year=1984 | publisher=N.M. Tripathi | location= Bombay }} ASIN : B0000CQY04
# {{Cite book | author=Mishra, Shree Govind | title=The legal history of India, 1600–1990 | year=1993 | publisher=Uppal Pub. House | location=New Delhi | isbn=81-85565-21-X }}
# {{Cite book | author=Char, S. V., Desika | title=Readings in the constitutional history of India, 1757-1947 | year=1983 | publisher=Oxford | location=Delhi | isbn=0-19-561264-7 }}
# {{Cite book | author=Eugen Lang, Maurice | title=Codification in the British Empire And America | year=2005 | publisher=Lawbook Exchange | isbn=978-1-58477-620-8 }}
# {{Cite book | author=Riddick, John A. | title=The history of British India: a chronology | year=2006 | publisher=Praeger | location=Westport, Conn. | isbn=0-313-32280-5 }}
# {{Cite book | author=Bryce, James Y. | title=Studies in history and jurisprudence: Volume 1 | date=April 2002 | publisher=Adamant Media Corporation | isbn=1-4021-9046-8 }}
# {{Cite book | author=Derrett, J. Duncan M. | title=Handbuch der Orientalistik (History of Indian Law (Dharmasastra)) | year=1973 | publisher=Brill | location=Leiden | isbn=90-04-03740-3 }}

==External links==
* [http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/ Official Website of the Law Commission of India]
* [http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports.htm Reports of Law Commission of India 1-50]
* [http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/51-100/index51-100.htm Reports of Law Commission of India 51–100]
* [http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/101-169/index101-169.htm Reports of Law Commission of India 101–169]
* [http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports.htm Reports of Law Commission of India 170–195]
* [http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/main.htm#HOW_DOES_THE_COMMISSION_FUNCTION? How does Law Commission function?]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081222122957/http://www.indlii.org/Law%20Commission%20of%20India.aspx Interview of Current Chairman of Law Commission]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180302035008/http://lawmin.nic.in/ Ministry of Law and Justice (India)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081009113857/http://www.uea.ac.uk/%7En180/lawcom.html Law Commissions of other countries]
* http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/forum/Gipsa-companies-flout-law-commission-report-flouted-in-97081.asp

{{Law}}
{{Life in India}}
{{Judiciary of India}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Law Commission of India}}
[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:Government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Legal organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Law commissions]]
[[Category:1834 establishments in India]]

[[cs:Indické právo]]
[[es:Derecho de la India]]

Poove Unakkaga (TV series)

2026-02-17T14:40:23Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created a post

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name =
| image = Poove Unakkaga serial.jpg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Family]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Soap opera]] 
| creator = Mindset Media
| executive_producer = Imran Khan
| writer = Imran Khan
| director = Rajeev K Prasad (Episodes 1-47) Kuruvithurai K.J Thangapandiyan and Thava.Karthik (Episode 48-572)
| starring = {{plainlist|[[Radhika Preethi]] [[Jovita Livingston]] Arun [[Aamani]] [[Srinish Aravind]] [[Mohammed Azeem (Tamil actor)|Mohammed Azeem]] Varshini Arza [[Chaya Singh]]}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 572
| producer = M.Jamal Murugan Veladhithan
| company = [[Sun Network|Sun Entertainment]] Mindset Media
| theme_music_composer = [[S. Vijai Shankar]]
| open_theme = Poove Unnakaga [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] [[Priya Himesh]]
| cinematography = Ram Singh
| editor = S.G Giri Raganathan P.Panner Selvam
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 25–27 minutes
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|08|10|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|06|18|df=y}}
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]
}}

'''''Poove Unakkaga''''' ({{Translation| ''For You, My Dear Flower''}}) is an Indian [[Tamil-language]] [[soap opera]]. It premiered on 10 August 2020 on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] and ended on 18 June 2022 with 572 episodes. It is available for worldwide streaming on [[Sun NXT]]. The Show was produced by [[Sun Network|Sun Entertainment]] and Mindset Media. It initially started with [[Jovita Livingston]] and Radhika Preethi with Arun and [[Srinish Aravind]] in lead roles, and [[Aamani]] in a brief supporting role. It ended with [[Mohammed Azeem (Tamil actor)|Mohammed Azeem]], Varshini Arza, and [[Chaya Singh]].

==Synopsis==
Keerthi (Jovita Livingston Jones) and Poovarasi (Raadhika Preethi) are best friends and are shown to share everything. Keerthi and Poovarasi both fall in love with Kathir (Arun). Kathir is in love with Keerthi. When Keerthi learns that Poovarasi also loves Kadhir she sacrifices her love for her friend. Poovarasi does not know about this and marries Kathir. The day after her wedding night she learns that Keerthi and Kathir were lovers and Keerthi sacrificed her love for Poovarasi. After knowing that, Poovarasi wants to unite Kadhir with Keerthi so she tries to apply for divorce. The advocate asks them to remain united for a year. Meanwhile Keerthi forgets her past life because of an accident. Poovarasi takes care of her and wants to unite Keerthi and Kathir when she regains her memory.

Unexpectedly one day Keerthi kills herself by walking into the ocean. Then it is revealed that Keerthi faked her death and is still alive and she mentions "I will come back when Kathir and Poovarasi have a baby". After Keerthi's supposed death Poovarasi and Kathir fall in love and Poovarasi becomes pregnant, but Kathir suspects Poovarasi and claims he is not the father of the baby. Poovarasi humiliates him by removing her nuptial chain and throwing it in Kathir's face. He starts to hate Poovarasi and her family. He and his mom make plans to destroy Poovarasi's family, but one day Rathinavalli (Poovarasi's mother) overhears this, so Kathir, his mother and Maheswari (Devipriya) kill Rathinavalli ([[Aamani]])

Meanwhile it is revealed that Kathir Character replacement ([[Mohammed Azeem (Tamil actor)|Mohammed Azeem]]) wasn’t the one who killed Rathinavali. It was revealed that his mother and Maheswari were the ones who killed her.

But, one day, the nurse who changed the DNA report bribed by Maheswari informed Kathir about the DNA report that the unborn child in Poovarasi’s tummy is Kathir’s, where he feels guilty for thinking wrong of her and is also informed that Maheswari was responsible for the DNA test report change.

Then, Kathir furiously comes to attack Maheswari in the night at a deserted place who reveals to her that she was the one responsible of changing the report. Maheswari is attacked by Kathir and reveals that his mother was the one who instructed Maheswari to change the report. Kathir then tells Maheshwari that he is going to reveal the truth of her evil doings like changing the DNA report. Maheshwari then viciously attacks Kathir and his mom and buries their unconscious bodies. They are rescued by Karthik (Srinish Aravind), another man who is in a one-sided love relationship with Poovarasi, who is unaware that she is married.

Kathir knows that he cannot re-enter the family normally because Meanwhile it is revealed that Poovarasi Character replacement (Varshini Arza) won't accept him, so he decides to come in the guise of an old man to be Poovarasi's bodyguard to protect her from Maheshwari. The entire family immediately begins to like the old man, but one day his disguise is revealed but despite saving her life many times, Poovarasi still rejects him and orders him to leave the house. Then Kathir met with an accident. Ranjana (Chaya Singh) takes him to her house and cares for him. Ranjana proposed to Kathir. But Kathir rejected her proposal. Ranjana and Kathir planned to unite Poovarasi with Kathir. The plan works. Kathir and Poovarasi unite.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
*[[Radhika Preethi]] (2020-2021) / Varshini Arza (2022) as Poovarasi Kathiravan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/azeem-reentry-as-hero-in-sun-tv-poove-unakkaga-serial/articleshow/83319301.cms|title=சன் டிவி சீரியலில் ரீஎன்ட்ரி கொடுத்த அஸீம்! என்ன சீரியல் தெரியுமா? |website=tamil.samayam.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/azeem-to-act-in-poove-unakkaga-serial-423445.html|title=சன் டிவியில் ரீ என்ட்ரி கொடுக்கும் அஸீம்.. ஆனால் இந்த சீரியலிலா.. ரசிகர்கள் கோரிக்கை!|website=tamil.oneindia.com |date=9 June 2021 }}</ref>
*Arun (2020-2021) / [[Mohammed Azeem (Tamil actor)|Mohammed Azeem]] (2021-2022) as Kathiravan Shivanarayanan
* [[Jovita Livingston]] as Keerthi (2020-2021)
* [[Srinish Aravind]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/after-azeem-popular-actor-srinish-aravind-enters-poove-unakkaga-serial-sun-tv.html|title=AFTER AZEEM, POPULAR ACTOR SRINISH ARAVIND ENTERS POOVE UNAKKAGA SERIAL!|website=www.behindwoods.com |date=18 June 2021 }}</ref> as Karthick Subramanian (2021)
* [[Aamani]] as Rathanavalli Senthamizhselvan (2020-2021)
*[[Chaya Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/chaya-singh-to-play-the-villain-in-poove-unakkaga/articleshow/85321288.cms|title=Chaya Singh to play the villain in Poove Unakkaga|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=14 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/chaya-singh-to-enter-into-serials-via-poove-unakkaga-429729.html|title=சல்லுன்னு ரிட்டர்ன் ஆன சாயா சிங்.. செம என்ட்ரி.. எதுல தெரியுமா?|website=tamil.oneindia.com |date=12 August 2021 }}</ref> as Ranjana Chokkalingam (2022)

=== Recurring ===
* Arun Kumar Rajan as Selvam
* Rajkumar as Senthamizhselvan
* Devipriya as Maheshwari
* [[Sudha (actress)|Sudha Ramanujam]] (2020-2021) / Kiruba Krishnamurti (2022) as Rajalakshmi Shivanarayanan
* [[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]] as Shakthivel
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as Shivanarayanan
* Jayalakshmi as Jayanthi
*Vishwanathan Shyam as Muthuvel
* Subathra as Padhmavathi
* Rekha Nair as Thangam
* Srilekha Rajendran as Mariamma
* [[Sridevi Ashok]] as Dhanalakshmi
* Suraj PS Naidu Busted as Kesavan
* [[G. M. Kumar]] as Shankaralingam
* Usha Elizabeth as Karpagam
* Premalatha as Lakshmi
* Dhaswanth as Gunasekar
* Rajkanth as Nagaraj
* Meena Sellamuthu as Constable Kannamma
* Arun Raja as Maridurai

== Casting ==
* Actress Reshma Venkatesh was initially supposed to play the role of Keerthi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Initially, Reshma Venkatesh was approached to play Keerthi role before Jovitha|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CNNGSr2hMRX/?igshid=pitskl3bo1y8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/CNNGSr2hMRX |archive-date=2021-12-24 |url-access=limited}}</ref> But, she quit. So the storyline was completely changed. {{clarify|date=March 2021}} Actor [[J. Livingston]]'s daughter Jovita Livingston Jones played the lead role. But in March 2021, she quit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jovita Livingston Jones quits Poove Unakkaga; see post|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/jovita-livingston-jones-quits-poove-unakkaga-see-post/articleshow/81563919.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Poove Unakkaga: சன் டிவி 'பூவே உனக்காக' சீரியலை விட்டு வெளியேறிய Jovita! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-jovita-livingston-jones-quits-poove-unakkaga-serial-sun-tv-poove-unakkaga-scs-430599.html|website=News18|language=Tamil}}</ref>
* Kannada Actress Raadhika Preethi was selected to play Poovarasi. But in February 2022, she was replaced by Actress Varshini Arza.
* A newcomer Actor Arun was selected to play a male lead role Kathir.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/sun-tv-poove-unakkaga-serial-actor-kathir-quits-from-the-serial/|title=லிவிங்ஸ்டன் மகளை தொடர்ந்து பூவே உனக்காக சீரியலில் இருந்து விலகுவதாக அறிவித்த கதிர் – அவரே வெளியிட்ட காரணம்.|website=tamil.behindtalkies.com |date=2 June 2021 }}</ref> But In June 2021, he was replaced by Actor Mohamed Azeem.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mohamed Azeem replaces Arun in 'Poove Unakkaga'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/mohamed-azeem-replaces-arun-in-poove-unakkaga/articleshow/83334387.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Later, Actor [[Srinish Aravind]] was cast as Karthi. But in August 2021, he quit the series due to COVID-19.
* Besides Arun Kumar Rajan, [[Aamani]], Rajkumar, [[Vignesh (actor)|Vignesh]], Devipriya, [[Sudha (Telugu actress)|Sudha Ramanujam]], Kiruba Krishnamurti, [[Sridevi Ashok]], B. Jayalakshmi, Rekha Nair and others played supporting roles.

== Crossover episodes ==
* A crossover episode showed [[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]] which was a Mahasangam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znLbtcK0ySc|title=Roja & Poove Unakkaga - Mahasangamam Part 1 Ep.53 15 Oct 2020 Sun TV Tamil Serial|website=www.youtube.com |date=15 October 2020 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=13545698}}

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2020s Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:2020 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Bachelor of Commerce

2026-02-16T18:11:32Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{short description|Undergraduate degree in business}}
{{Hatnote|This article is about the Bachelor of Commerce.
"BCom" or "B Com" which redirect here, may instead, depending on jurisdictions and institutions, refer to the [[Bachelor of Communications]].}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}

A '''Bachelor of Commerce''' ('''BCom or B Com''') is an [[undergraduate degree]] in [[commerce]], [[accounting]], [[mathematics]], [[economics]], [[finance]] and [[management]]-related subjects.

==Structure==
{{Business administration}}

===Bachelor of Commerce===
The [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor]] of Commerce degree<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.varsitycollege.co.za/programmes/full-time/bachelor-of-commerce-bcom|title=Bachelor Of Commerce (Bcom) - Varsity College|website=www.varsitycollege.co.za|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831131853/https://www.varsitycollege.co.za/programmes/full-time/bachelor-of-commerce-bcom|archive-date=2017-08-31}}</ref> is designed to provide students with a wide range of managerial skills, while building competence in a particular area of business;
<ref>[https://www.athabascau.ca/business/programs/index.html?/undergraduate/all/all Available BCom degrees], [[Athabasca University]]</ref> see aside listing. For a comparison with other business degrees, see {{sectionlink|Business education#Undergraduate education}}.

Most universities, therefore, plan the degree such that in addition to their [[academic major|major]], students are exposed to general business principles, taking courses in accounting, finance, economics, business management, human resources and marketing. Programs often require foundational courses in [[business statistics]] and [[Business mathematics#University level|mathematics]], and [[Information system|information systems]].

Depending on the institution, a formal [[academic major]] may or may not be established. Regardless, a Bachelor of Commerce degree<ref>{{Cite web|title=B Com Course Details In Hindi {{!}} बीकॉम कैसे करें {{!}} Student Guide Portal|date=26 November 2021 |url=https://studentguideportal.com/b-com-course-details-hindi/|access-date=2021-12-07|language=en-US}}</ref> requires students to take the majority of their courses in business-related subjects, including the aside, among others.

===Bachelor of Commerce (Honours)===
The [[Honours degree|Honours]] Bachelor of Commerce (HonsBCom or BComm (Hons) or HBCom) is further advanced.
The degree has a specialization aspect, analogous to the [[Bachelor of Business Administration |BBA]], developing the student's business skills and/or providing in-depth knowledge of the field.

It requires additional academic courses to be completed, and usually with higher academic performance standards, and may also require a researched [[thesis]] component.
It often serves as an abridgement (or entry requirement) between the undergraduate program and postgraduate programs, including the [[Master of Commerce]] (M.Com. or M.Comm.) and the [[Master of Business Administration]] (MBA) degrees.

It may consist of a four-year program<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ucanwest.ca/undergraduate-programs/bachelor-of-commerce|title=Bachelor of Commerce Degree (Bcom)- University Canada West|website=ucanwest.ca|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807044341/https://ucanwest.ca/undergraduate-programs/bachelor-of-commerce|archive-date=2016-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=The University of Ontario Institute of Technology|date=|title=Commerce - Bachelor of Commerce (Honours)|url=http://www.uoit.ca/ac-calendar/0506/EN/main/programs/103887/bcom_hons_92.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223230316/http://www.uoit.ca/ac-calendar/0506/EN/main/programs/103887/bcom_hons_92.html|archive-date=2014-02-23|access-date=2014-02-21|website=www.uoit.ca}}</ref> or of a one-year program taken subsequent to a three-year [[Bachelor's degree]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sydney.edu.au/courses/Bachelor-of-Commerce-Honours |title=sydney.edu.au |access-date=2014-02-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226105318/http://sydney.edu.au/courses/Bachelor-of-Commerce-Honours |archive-date=2014-02-26 }}</ref>
the one-year program is typically focused exclusively on a single subject-area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bcom.unimelb.edu.au/about/honours|title=BCom Students - Faculty of Business and Economics|website=bcom.unimelb.edu.au|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316005629/http://www.bcom.unimelb.edu.au/about/honours/|archive-date=2012-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unisa.ac.za/qualifications/|title=Qualifications|website=www.unisa.ac.za|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216065503/http://www.unisa.ac.za/qualifications/|archive-date=2014-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/clm/sebs/newsebswebsite/postgraduateprogrammes/14711/honours_degree.html |title=wits.ac.za |access-date=2015-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126230943/http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/clm/sebs/newsebswebsite/postgraduateprogrammes/14711/honours_degree.html |archive-date=2015-11-26 }}</ref>

===Duration===
The [[curriculum]] generally lasts three years in [[India]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Malta]], [[South Africa]], some parts of [[Canada]], and [[Hong Kong]]. The curriculum requires four years of study in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], the majority of [[Canada]], [[Egypt]], [[Ghana]], the [[Philippines]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Nepal]].

In [[South Africa]], [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], [[Pakistan]] and some universities in [[India]], the BCom (Hons) degree is considered an additional [[postgraduate]] qualification, whereas in [[Malta]], an additional year of study is not considered a postgraduate qualification.

In [[Pakistan]], BCom is generally a 2-year duration degree, whereas BS Commerce, formerly known as BCom (Hons) in the country, is a 4-year duration degree.

==History==
{{see also|Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham)#History and background}}
The Bachelor of Commerce degree was first offered at the [[University of Birmingham]]. The [[Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham)|University's School of Commerce]] was founded by [[William Ashley (economic historian)|William Ashley]], an Englishman from [[Oxford University]], who was the first professor of Political Economy and Constitutional History in the Faculty of Arts at the [[University of Toronto]]. Ashley left Toronto in 1892, spent a few years at [[Harvard University]], and then went back to England to the new University of Birmingham where he founded the School of Commerce. Ashley began the programme which was the forerunner of many other BCom degree programmes throughout the [[British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://100.rotmancommerce.utoronto.ca/stories/the-early-years|title=Ashley began the programme which was the forerunner of many other BCom degree programmes throughout the British Empire.}}</ref>

Eighteenth-century economists had divided the English economy into three sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and commerce. Commerce included the transport, marketing and financing of goods. The Birmingham programme in commerce included economic geography, economic history, general economics, modern languages, and accountancy.{{fact|date=May 2025}}


==See also==
*[[Bachelor of Accountancy]]
*[[Bachelor of Business]]
*[[Bachelor of Business Administration]]
*[[Bachelor of Business Science]]
*[[Bachelor of Economics]]
*[[Bachelor of Finance]]
*[[Business school]]
* {{slink|Business education#Undergraduate education}}
* [[Master of Commerce]]
* [[Master of Business Administration]]
* [[Commercial management]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bachelor's degrees|Commerce, Bachelor of]]
[[Category:Business qualifications]]

Culture of Telangana

2026-02-15T16:41:05Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: created entry...

{{short description|Cultural history of an Indian state}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
[[File:Telangana districts.svg|thumb|200px|A map of Telangana]]
'''The Culture of Telangana''' in [[India]] has a cultural history of about 5,000 years{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}. The region emerged as the foremost centre of culture in [[Indian subcontinent]] during the rule of [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiyas]], the Qutb Shahis and [[Asaf Jahi]] dynasties— (also known as the [[Nizams of Hyderabad]]). The rulers patronage and interest for culinary, arts and culture transformed Telangana into a multi-cultural region where two different cultures coexist together, thus making Telangana the representative of the [[Deccan Plateau]] and its heritage with [[Warangal]] and [[Hyderabad]] being its epicenter. [[Hyderabadi cuisine]] and [[Kakatiya architecture]] both from Telangana, are on the list of [[City of Gastronomy|UNESCO creative city of gastronomy]] and [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The regions major cultural events celebrated are "Kakatiya Festival" and Deccan Festival along with religious festivals [[Bonalu]], [[Bathukamma]], [[Navaratri#Telangana|Dasara]], [[Ugadi]], [[Sankranthi]], [[Milad un Nabi]] and [[Ramadan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=A brew of Telangana culture|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/A-brew-of-Telangana-culture/articleshow/42575205.cms|date=16 September 2014|access-date=27 July 2016}}</ref>

'''[[Telangana State]]''' has long been a meeting place for diverse languages and cultures. It is known as "South of North and North of South".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telangana.gov.in/About/Language-Culture|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214192358/http://www.telangana.gov.in/About/Language-Culture|url-status=dead|title=Telangana State Portal Language & Culture|archive-date=14 February 2015|website=www.telangana.gov.in}}</ref> It is also known for its [[Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb|Ganga-Jamuna Tehzeeb]] and the capital [[Hyderabad]] is an epicenter of oriental culture making it first Heritage city of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150716/nation-current-affairs/article/ganga-jamuni-tehzeeb-helps-maintain-peace|title=Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb helps maintain peace|date=2015-07-16|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siasat.com/news/ganga-jamuni-tehzeeb-temple-serving-iftar-dates-to-5-mosques-in-hyderabad-779534/|title=Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb: Temple serving Iftar Dates to 5 Mosques in Hyderabad|date=2015-06-26|work=The Siasat Daily|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/heritage-award-for-hyderabad-raises-many-eyebrows/articleshow/12105415.cms|title=Heritage award for Hyderabad raises many eyebrows|date=2 March 2012|work=Times of India|access-date=17 October 2021}}</ref>

== Languages of Telangana ==
About 76% of the population of Telangana speak [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 12% speak [[Urdu]], and 12% speak other languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2011/jan/d2011010502.pdf |title=Region-wise distribution of religious groups 2001 |at=Table 7.3 in page 393 of SKC report |access-date=3 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Urdu in Andhra Pradesh|url=https://www.languageinindia.com/april2003/urduinap.html|publisher=Language in India|access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref> Before 1948, Urdu was the official language of [[Hyderabad State]], and due to a lack of Telugu-language in educational institutions, Urdu was spoken by the educated people of Telangana, including the elite. After 1948, once Hyderabad State joined the new Republic of India, Telugu became the language of government, and as Telugu was introduced as the [[medium of instruction]] in schools and colleges, the use of Urdu among non-Muslims decreased.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm |title=Census of India – Distributions of 10,000 persons by language |publisher=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=14 September 2010}} – People not interested in dividing Andhra Pradesh. {{citation needed|date=June 2014}}</ref>

== Literature ==
{{See also|List of Telangana poets}}

Poets of Telangana from the early era include [[Bammera Pothana]], [[Kancherla Gopanna]] or Bhakta Ramadasu, [[Malliya Rechana]], [[Gona Budda Reddy]], [[Kuppambika]], [[Palkuriki Somanatha|Palkurthi Somanatha]], [[Mallinātha Sūri]], and Hulukki Bhaskara. In the modern era poets include such figures as [[Padma Vibhushan]] [[Kaloji Narayana Rao]], [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] recipient [[Daasarathi Krishnamacharyulu]], and [[Jnanpith Award]] recipient [[C. Narayana Reddy]], as well as [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], ninth [[Prime Minister of India]]. [[Samala Sadasiva]] was selected for the Kendra Sahitya Puraskaram distinction. His book Swaralayalu on the subject of [[Hindustani classical music]] won the award for the year 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sahitya Akademi award for Samala Sadasiva|date=22 December 2011|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Sahitya-Akademi-award-for-Samala-Sadasiva/articleshow/11200119.cms|access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Bammera-village potana-2007dec3.JPG|thumb|280px|Statue of [[Bammera Pothana]] in Bammera village of Jangoan district]]

[[Urdu literature]] has always enjoyed patronage from successive rulers of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahi]] and [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Asaf Jahi]] era. [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah|Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah]], the fifth ruler of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] is regarded as one of the pioneers of early Urdu poetry.

During the rule of [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams of Hyderabad]], printing was introduced in the area. The 18th-century courtesan and poet [[Mah Laqa Bai]] are also regarded as a pioneer of this time. During the 18th 19th and 20th centuries, many Urdu scholars emigrated to [[Hyderabad]] seeking the patronage of the [[Nizam]]. This included [[Fani Badayuni]], [[Josh Malihabadi]] and [[Daagh Dehlvi|Dagh Dehlavi]]. Other scholars of repute from Telangana included [[Makhdoom Mohiuddin]] and [[Sayyid Shamsullah Qadri]].

== Religion ==
{{Main|Demographics of Telangana}}

The major religions of the people are [[Hinduism]] and [[Islam]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2011/jan/d2011010502.pdf|title=Religion Distribution}}</ref> though [[Buddhism]] was the dominant religion up to the 6th century. Hinduism was revived during the time of the Chalukyas and the Kakantiyas in the 12th century. The Vijayanagar rule saw the glorious days of Hinduism when the famed emperors, [[Krishnadeva Raya]] in particular, built new temples and beautified the old ones. Shiva, Vishnu, Hanuman and Ganapati have been the popular Hindu Gods. The Vugra Narasimha Swami Temple at [[Yadagirigutta Temple|Yadagirigutta]] and [[Thousand Pillar Temple]] at [[Warangal]] are among the oldest shrines in the state attracting people from different parts of the country for hundreds of years.

In terms of influence, Islam occupies the second place. It started spreading from the 14th century onwards. Mosques began to come up in many parts of the region during the Muslim rule. Christianity began to spread from 1701, especially among the socially disabled people. Educational institutions and churches grew in number in the Circars in the 18th-19th centuries when the East India Company and later the British government encouraged them. Other European countries were also active in building churches and taking care of the weaker sections of the people.

=== Major Religious Structures. ===

Yadadri : Lord Vishnu (whose reincarnation is Lord Narasimha). The main deity is Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/12/stories/2007061203970200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204213557/http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/12/stories/2007061203970200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-02-04|title=Homam performed at Yadagirigutta|date=2007-06-11|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> Located in [[Yadadri]] District. In Ancient days Sri Yada Maharshi son of Sri Rushyashrunga Maharshi with the Blessings of Anjaneya Swamy had performed great penance for Lord Narasimha Swamy. After securing blessing for his penance Lord Narasimha had come into existence in Five Avatharas called as Sri Jwala Narasimha, Sri Yogananda Narasimha, Sri Ugra Narasimha, Sri Gandaberunda Narasimha, Sri Lakshmi Narasimha. As such this is known

[[Bhadrachalam Temple]] is a Lord Sree Sita Ramachandra Swamy Temple in [[Bhadrachalam]], [[Bhadradri District]]. Bhadrachalam-The name derived from Bhadragiri (Mountain of Bhadra-a boon child of Meru and Menaka). According to an Ithihasas, the significance of this shrine dates back to the Ramayana Era. This coherent hill place existed in "Dandakaranya" Of [[Ramayana]] period where Rama with his consort Sita and brother Laxmana had spent their vanavasa- and Parnashaala (the place connected to the famous Golden Deer and the place from where Sita was abducted by Ravana.) is also in the vicinity of this temple site. It is at this Mandir site that, long after Ramavatara, Bhagawan Mahavishnu manifested Himself as Rama again to fulfil a promise He made to His Bhakta Bhadra, who continued his Tapas through Yugas, praying for the grace of the Bhagawan Sri Ramachandra murthy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhadrachalarama.org/templehistory.html|title= Welcome to Bhadrachala Sree Seetha Ramachandra swamy temple |work=bhadrachalarama.org|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref>

[[Karmanghat Hanuman Temple]]The Karmanghat Hanuman Temple is one of the oldest and popular Hindu temples in Hyderabad, in the state of Telangana, India. The presiding deity of the temple is Lord Hanuman and the temple complex also houses other deities viz. Lord Rama, Lord Shiva, Goddess Saraswathi, Goddess Durga, Goddess Santoshimata, Lord Venugopala Swamy, and Lord Jagannath. The temple is located at Karmanghat, near Santoshnagar and closer to the Nagarjuna Sagar Ring Road.

[[Jamalapuram Temple]] is a Lord Sree Venkateswara Swamy Temple in [[Jamalapuram]], near [[Errupalem]], [[Khammam District]] is a famous temple in [[Khammam district]] of [[Telangana]] and is famously known as [[Telangana]] [[Tirupati|Tirupathi]]. The presiding deity in this temple is Lord Balaji and is said to be a swayambhu Lord, who self-manifested in this place. Since it is a swayambhoo temple, this temple seems to have been in existence from thousands of years. It was renovated by Sri Krishna Devarayalu, the emperor of Vijayanagara kingdom. The temple is located in a serene pleasant ambience surrounded by lush green hills. The temple has sub-shrines for Padmavathi Ammavaru, Sri Alivelu Ammavaru, Lord Shiva, Lord Ganesh, Lord Ayyappa, and Lord Anjaneya. Gadwal jogulamba temple.

[[Sri Venkateswara Swamy]] Temple in [[Jamalapuram]]

[[Alampur Jogulamba Temple]]Jogulamba temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Goddess Jogulamba, a form of Shakti located in Alampur, Telangana, India. The temple is one of the Maha Shakti Peethas, a group of eighteen (Ashtadasa) temples considered the most significant shrines and pilgrimage destinations in Shaktism. Alampur is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra river near its confluence with Krishna river. Jogulamba temple is located in the same complex as that of the Navabrahma Temples, a group of nine Shiva temples built in the seventh-eighth century CE.

[[Sri Raja Rajeshwara temple]], Vemulawada is a site of pilgrimage for both Hindu (particularly devotees of Vishnu and Shiva) and Muslim worshippers. Built by Chalukya Kings between AD 750 and 975, the complex is named for its presiding deity Sri Raja Rajeshwara Swamy, an incarnation of Lord Shiva. It houses several temples dedicated to other deities including Sri Rama, Lakshmana, Lakshmi, Ganapathy, Lord Padmanabha Swamy and Lord Bhimeshwara.This Shrine is popularly known as ‘Dakshina Kashi’ [Southern Banaras]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vemulawadatemple.org/about/|title=Vemulawada Temple – Sri Raja Rajeswara Swamy Devasthanam: History|work=vemulawadatemple.org|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> and also as "Harihara Kshetram" for their being two Vaishnava Temples in main Temple complex i.e., Sri Anantha Padmanabha Swamy Temple & Sri Seetharama Chandra Swamy Temple The complex also contains a 400-year-old mosque which stands as an ample evidence for religious tolerance. The temple is located in [[Karimnagar District]]. kondagattu hanuman temple located in jagithyal district.

[[Birla Mandir, Hyderabad]]: Built on a 280 feet (85 m) high hillock called Naubath Pahad on a 13 acres (53,000 m2) plot in Hyderabad

[[Basar, Telangana|Basara]]: Gnana Saraswati Temple (Goddess of Knowledge) is located on the Deccan plateau

[[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Mecca Masjid]], is one of the oldest mosques in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]] in [[India]], And it is one of the largest Mosques in India. Makkah Masjid is a listed heritage building in the [[Old City Hyderabad|old city of Hyderabad]], close to the historic landmarks of [[Chowmahalla Palace]], [[Laad Bazaar]], and [[Charminar]]. [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], the fifth ruler of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], commissioned bricks to be made from the soil brought from [[Mecca]], the holiest site of [[Islam]], and used them in the construction of the central arch of the mosque, thus giving the mosque its name. It formed the centerpiece around which the city was planned by [[Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/371808/Mecca-Mosque|title=Mecca Mosque|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=3 November 2011}}</ref>

[[Medak Cathedral|Medak Church]] at [[Medak]] in [[Telangana]], [[India]], is the largest church in Telangana and has been the cathedral church of the [[Diocese of Medak of the Church of South India|Diocese of Medak]] of the [[Church of South India]] since 1947. Originally built by [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|British Wesleyan Methodists]], it was consecrated on 25 December 1924. The Medak diocese is the single largest [[diocese]] in [[Asia]] and the second in the world after the [[Catholic Church#Dioceses, parishes, organisations and institutes|Vatican]].<ref name="AIR">{{cite web|title=Medak Cathedral|url=http://www.newsonair.nic.in/medak-cathedral.asp|publisher=Prasar Bharti ([[All India Radio]])|date=25 September 2013|access-date=25 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927070130/http://www.newsonair.nic.in/medak-cathedral.asp|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The church was built under the stewardship of the Methodist Christian, the Reverend Charles Walker Posnett, who was driven by the motto My best for my Lord. Charles Posnett had arrived in [[Secunderabad]] in 1895, and after first ministering among British soldiers at Trimullghery, had launched into the villages and had reached Medak village in 1896.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://stjohnschurchcsi.org/MedakDio.aspx |title=Medak Diocese |access-date=20 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508164807/http://stjohnschurchcsi.org/MedakDio.aspx |archive-date=8 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Banjara (Lambadi) spiritual / religious persons===

[[Jairam Bapuji]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lambadiwala.tk/p/list-lambadi-religious-gurus-and-saints.html|title=List Lambadi Religious Gurus and saints|publisher=Lambadiwala}}</ref> [[Sevya Bapuji]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lambadiyouth.tk/p/lambadi-or-banjara-religious-gurus.html|title=Banjara Religious Gurus|publisher=Lambadi Youth}}</ref> are the very famous Banjara Or Lambadi Spiritual Persons from [[Balu Thanda]] / Jairam Thanda, [[Madgul]] Mandal, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana.

=== Festivals ===

Festivals are celebrated with much fervor and people used to go to temples on these days to offer special prayers. Some of the Festivals are [[Bathukamma]], [[Navrati|Dasara]], [[Bonalu]], [[Eid ul fitr]], [[Bakrid]], [[Ugadi]], [[Makara Sankranti]], [[Guru Purnima]], [[Sri Rama Navami]], [[Hanuman Jayanti]], [[Holi]], [[Peerla Panduga]], [[Raksha Bandhan|Rakhi Pournami]], [[Vinayaka Chaviti]], [[Naga Panchami|Nagula Panchami]], [[Krishna Janmashtami|Krishnashtami]], [[Deepavali]], [[Vaikuntha Ekadashi|Mukkoti Ekadasi]], [[Kartik Purnima|Karthika Purnima]] and [[Ratha Saptami]].

Bathukamma flower arrangement

Telangana's citizens (Telanganites) also celebrate festivals like '[[Bonalu]], [[Batukamma]]' which are specific to the region of Telangana<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bathukamma-festivities-to-begin-from-sept-24/article6432089.ece|title=Bathukamma festivities to begin from Sept. 24|author=Gollapudi Srinivasa Rao|date=2014-09-21|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> all over Telangana districts, Yedupayala Jatara in Medak, Sammakka Saralamma in Warangal district.
[[File:Mallanna Patnam.jpg|thumb|248x248px|'''Mallanna Patnam''']]

== Visual arts ==

=== Paintings ===

Nirmal paintings are a popular form of painting done in Nirmal in Adilabad District. The paintings have golden hues.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Traditional-art-emporium-at-its-finest/article15372024.ece|title=Traditional art emporium at its finest|date=12 January 2008|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article527987.ece|title=Lepakshi expo inaugurated|author=Staff Reporter|date=2010-07-21|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> The region is well known for its [[Golconda]] and Hyderabad painting styles which are branches of [[Deccan painting]].<ref name="ccrtindia.gov.in">{{cite web|title=Miniature painting|url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/miniaturepainting.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318231813/http://ccrtindia.gov.in/miniaturepainting.htm|archive-date=18 March 2013|publisher=[[Centre for Cultural Resources and Training]]|access-date=9 June 2012}}</ref> Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the [[Mysore painting|Vijayanagara paintings]] of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style.<ref name="1 Mark_Zebrowski and 2 Ralph and Lefèvre">{{cite book|title=Deccani painting|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|pages=40–66|year=1983|isbn=978-0-85667-153-1|last=Zebrowski|first=Mark}}
*{{cite book|title=National exhibition of works of art, at Leeds, 1868: official catalogue|publisher=The Executive Committee|pages=301–313|year=2010|isbn=978-1-165-04393-4|last1=James|first1=Ralph|last2=Lefèvre| first2=L}}</ref> The Hyderabad style originated in the 17th century under the [[Nizam]]s. Highly influenced by [[Mughal painting]], this style makes use of bright colours and mostly depicts regional landscape, culture, costumes and jewellery.<ref name="ccrtindia.gov.in" />

===Sculpture===

[[Ramappa Temple]] - It lies in a valley at Palampet village of Venkatapur Mandal, in erstwhile Mulug Taluq of Warangal district, a tiny village long past its days of glory in the 13th-14th centuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiayogi.com/content/temples/palampet.asp |title=The Shiva temples at Palampet |access-date=11 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018203824/http://www.indiayogi.com/content/temples/palampet.asp |archive-date=18 October 2006 }}</ref> An inscription in the temple dates it to the year 1213 and said to have been built by a General Recherla Rudra, during the period of the Kakatiya ruler Ganapati Deva.

[[Mallikarjuna Temple, Srisailam|Mallanna Swamy]] - This medieval temple is a Shivalaya (where Shiva is worshipped) and named after the sculptor Ramappa. It is the only temple in the world named after its sculptor/architect. Its presiding deity, Ramalingeswara, is the form of Shiva and a personal god of the [[Avatar]] of [[Vishnu]], [[Rama]]. The history says that it took 40 years to build this temple. Planned and sculpted by Ramappa, the temple was built on the classical pattern of being lifted above the world on a high star-shaped platform. Intricate carvings line the walls and cover the pillars and ceilings. Starting at its base to its wall panels, pillars and ceiling are sculpted figures drawn from Hindu mythology.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.info4india.com/Indian-Monuments/Ramappa-Temple-Symphony-In-Stone.shtml
|title=Ramappa Temple – Symphony In Stone
|publisher=Rakshan Sharma
|access-date=11 September 2006
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021181554/http://www.info4india.com/Indian-Monuments/Ramappa-Temple-Symphony-In-Stone.shtml
|archive-date=21 October 2006
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The roof (garbhalayam) of the temple is built with bricks, which are so light that they are able to float on water.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.aptdc.gov.in/home.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607164033/http://aptdc.gov.in/home.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=7 June 2013
|title=Warangal Temples, Andhra Pradesh
|access-date=11 September 2006
}}</ref>

=== Architecture===

Sangameshwar temple at Alampur
{{Main|Architecture of Telangana}}

[[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Mecca Masjid]] frontage

[[Alampur Navabrahma Temples|Alampur Temples]]:There are a total of nine temples in Alampur, all dedicated to Shiva. These temples date back to the 7th century A.D, and were built by the Badami Chalukyas rulers, who were great patrons of art and architecture. Even after a time span of several hundred years, these grand temples still stand firm reflecting the rich architectural heritage of the country.

==== [[Bhadrachalam Temple]] ====

The temples are emblematic of the Northern and Western Indian styles of architecture. They do not reflect the Dravidian style of architecture as is generally common with the temples in this region. The shikharas of all these temples have a curvilinear form and are adorned with the miniature architectural devices. The plans and decoration similar to that of the rock cut temples. The Alampur Navabhrama Temples are historically important and reflect remarkable architectural skills.

Alampur was previously Known as Halampuram, Hamalapuram And Alampuram. Name of this place as Hatampura, mentioned in the inscription dated AD 1101 belongs to [[Western Chalukya]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indiainfoweb.com/andhra-pradesh/pilgrimage/alampur.html
|title=ALAMPUR
|access-date=26 March 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025120605/http://www.indiainfoweb.com/andhra-pradesh/pilgrimage/alampur.html
|archive-date=25 October 2009
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

Kakatiya

The best examples of architecture under the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] (1163–1323) are the ruins of the [[Warangal Fort]].

In The [[Thousand Pillar Temple]] is one of the very old temples of South India that was built by the [[kakatiyas]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104185118/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-07-20/hyderabad/27215642_1_pillar-famous-temple-kakatiya 1,000-pillar temple to get facelift – Times Of India]. Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (20 July 2003). Retrieved on 2013-08-25.</ref> It stands out to be a masterpiece and achieved major heights in terms of architectural skills by the ancient Kakathiya Vishwakarma Sthapathis. It is believed that the Thousand Pillar Temple was built by Queen Rudrammadevi in 1163 AD. The Thousand Pillar Temple is a specimen of the Kakatiyan style of architecture of the 12th century.

It was destroyed by the invasion of Tuglaq dynasty to South India. However, [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]], the 7th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], contributed immensely towards re-building the temple.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.astroved.com/astropedia/en/temples/south-india/thousand-pillar-temple-warangal-timings | title=Thousand Pillar Temple, Thousand Pillar Temple Timings, Thousand Pillar Temple History, Rudreshwara Swamy Temple }}</ref> The temple consists of one building and temple building. There are one thousand pillars in the building and the temple, but no pillar obstructs a person in any point of the temple to see the god/deity in the other temple.

The [[Church of South India]] Cathedral at Medak. It is one of the largest churches in Asia

Apart from Warangal, the [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]] dynasty constructed many hill forts including [[Golkonda|Golconda]],<ref group="note">The original mud fort of Golconda has been expanded and altered to such an extent by the Bahmani and Qutb Shahi dynasties, that it is no longer considered an example of Kakatiya architecture.</ref> [[Medak Fort|Medak]] and [[Elgandal Fort|Elgandal]], and subsequent additions to these forts were made by the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani]] and [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahi]] Sultanates.

Indo-Islamic

Early Indo-Islamic style of architecture is reflected in the monuments built by the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda Sultanate]] in Hyderabad. These include the [[Charminar]], [[Golconda Fort]] and [[Qutb Shahi tombs]].

Modern

During the reign of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams of Hyderabad]], European styled palaces and buildings became prevalent in the city of Hyderabad. Among the oldest surviving examples of architecture of this time is the [[Chowmahalla Palace]], which showcases a diverse array of architectural styles, from the [[Baroque]] [[Harem]] to its [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] royal court. The other palaces include [[Falaknuma Palace]] (inspired by the style of [[Andrea Palladio]]), [[Purani Haveli]] and [[King Kothi Palace]] all of which were built during the 19th century.

In the early 20th century, British Architect [[Vincent Esch]] was invited to Hyderabad by [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|Asaf Jah VII]]. He designed the [[Kachiguda railway station]] (1914), the [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad|High Court]] (1916), the [[City College Hyderabad|City College]] (1920) and [[Osmania General Hospital]] (1921) in the [[Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture|Indo-Saracenic Revival style]], which combines [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]] and [[European architecture|European]] architectural styles.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tillotson|first=G. H. R.|date=1993|title=Vincent J. Esch and the Architecture of Hyderabad, 1914–36|journal=South Asian Studies|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=29–46|doi=10.1080/02666030.1993.9628458|issn=0266-6030}}</ref>

Carved pillar at Thousand Pillar Temple
{{Gallery
|title=Architecture of Telangana
|align=center
|File:Warangal fort.jpg| [[Kakatiya Kala Thoranam]] at the [[Warangal Fort]], the capital of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]]. The fort was destroyed by the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in the 13th century.
|File:Warangal Fort9.ae.jpg|[[Mandapam]] at [[Warangal Fort]].
|File:Ramappa Temple 02.jpg|[[Ramappa Temple]] built by the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] in the 11th century.
|File:Charminar-Pride of Hyderabad.jpg|[[Charminar]] at [[Hyderabad]] was built by the [[Golconda Sultanate]] in the 16th century.
|File:Falaknuma Palace 01.jpg|The [[Falaknuma Palace]] at [[Hyderabad]] was built in [[Palladian architecture|Palladian]] style of architecture in the 19th century.
}}

== Cultural sites ==

[[Salar Jung Museum]], [[Hyderabad, Telangana]] established in 1951 is the largest collection of antiques of an individual in the world.

Telangana has many museums which depicts the culture of the erstwhile kingdoms of the state. The [[Salar Jung Museum]] is an art museum located on the southern bank of the [[Musi River, India|Musi river]] in the city of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]. It is one of the three National Museums of [[India]].<ref>[Book name: Footprint India By Roma Bradnock,{{ISBN|978-1-906098-05-6}}, p-1033]</ref> The museum's collection was sourced from the property of the [[Salar Jung family]]. The Salar Jung Museum is the third largest museum in India housing the biggest one-man collections of antiques in the world. It is well known throughout India for its prized collections belonging to different civilizations dating back is very largest collection to the 1st century.

The [[Telangana State Archaeology Museum]] in Hyderabad also houses a collection of rare Indian sculpture, art, artifacts as well as its most prized exhibit, an Egyptian mummy. The other prominent Museums are [[Nizam Museum]], [[Warangal Museum]], [[City Museum, Hyderabad]] and [[Birla Science Museum]].
{{clear}}

==Cuisine==
{{Main|Telugu cuisine| Hyderabadi cuisine}}

Hyderabadi biryani

Telangana has two types of cuisines, the Telugu cuisine and Hyderabadi cuisine. [[Telugu cuisine]] is the part of [[South Indian cuisine]] characterized by their highly spicy food. The [[Telangana]] state lies on the Deccan plateau and its topography dictates more [[millet]] and [[roti]] (leavened bread) based dishes. [[Jowar]] and [[Pearl millet|Bajra]] features more prominently in their cuisine. Due to its proximity with [[Maharashtra]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and northwest Karnataka, it shares some similarities of the Deccan plateau cuisine. [[Telangana]] has some unique dishes in its cuisine, such as jonna rotte (sorghum), sajja rotte (penisetum), or Uppudi Pindi (broken rice). In Telangana a gravy or curry is called Koora and Pulusu (Sour) in based on [[Tamarind]]. A deep fry reduction of the same is called Vepudu. Kodi pulusu and Mamsam (meat) vepudu are popular dishes in meat. Vankaya [[Brinjal]] Pulusu or Vepudu, Aritikaya [[Banana]] pulusu or Vepudu are one of the many varieties of vegetable dishes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://travel.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281198 |title=Needs title |work=indianexpress.com |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918082622/http://travel.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281198 |archive-date=18 September 2013 }}</ref> Telangana palakoora is a [[spinach]] dish cooked with [[lentils]] eaten with steamed [[rice]] and [[roti]]s. [[Peanut]]s are added as special attraction and in [[Karimnagar District]], [[cashew]] nuts are added.

[[Sakinalu]] also called as Chakinalu, is one of the most popular savory in [[Telangana]], is often cooked during [[Makara Sankranti]] festival season. This a deep-fried snack made of rice flour, [[sesame]] seeds and flavoured with [[ajwain]] (carom seeds or {{transliteration|te|vaamu}} in Telugu). Garijelu is a dumpling dish similar to the Maharashtrian karanji, which in Telangana is cooked with sweet stuffing or a savory stuffing with mutton or chicken kheema.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://travel.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281198 |title=Needs title |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918082622/http://travel.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281198 |archive-date=18 September 2013 }}</ref>

=== [[Double ka meetha]] ===

[[Hyderabadi cuisine]], an amalgamation of [[Iranian cuisine|Persian cuisine]], [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughlai]], [[Telugu cuisine|Telugu]], [[Turkish cuisine|Turkish]] cuisines, developed by the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams of Hyderabad]]. It comprises a broad repertoire of rice, wheat and meat dishes and various spices and herbs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFivPqq7FbIC |title=Royal Hyderabadi Cooking| author=Sanjeev Kapoor|author2=Harpal Singh Sokhi |page=3|year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7991-373-4 |publisher=[[Popular Prakashan]] |access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQCvgavbQjgC |title=Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad |page=14 |author=Karen Isaksen Leonard |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8047-5442-2 |publisher=Stanford University Press |access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref>

Hyderabadi cuisine is the cuisine of the [[Hyderabadi Muslims]], and an integral part of the cuisines of the former [[Hyderabad State]] that includes the state of [[Telangana]] and the regions of [[Marathwada]] (now in Maharashtra) and [[Kalyana-Karanataka]] (now in Karnataka). The Hyderabadi cuisine contains city specific specialties like [[Hyderabad]] ([[Hyderabadi biryani|Hyderabadi Biryani]] and [[Hyderabadi Haleem]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Biryani-Haleem-more-on-Hyderabads-menu/articleshow/9617160.cms?referral=PM|title=Biryani, Haleem & more on Hyderabad's menu|work=The Times of India|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> and [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] ([[Naan Qalia]]), [[Gulbarga]] ([[Biryani#Tehari|Tahari]]), [[Bidar]] ([[Kalyani Biryani]]) and others. The use of dry coconut, tamarind, and red chillies along with other spices are the main ingredients that make Hyderabadi cuisine different from the [[North Indian cuisine]]

== Performing arts==

===Dance===
{{Main|Perini Shivatandavam}}

Perini Sivatandavam or PeriniN Thandavam is an ancient danceO from [[Telangana]] which has been revived in recent times.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/16/stories/2010101653780700.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020152919/http://www.hindu.com/2010/10/16/stories/2010101653780700.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=20 October 2010 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Telangana Natyam, Perini dance in temples across State | date=16 October 2010}}</ref>

The Perini Thandavam is a dance form usually performed by males. It is called 'Dance of Warriors'. Warriors before leaving to the battlefield enact this dance before the idol of Lord Shiva. The dance form, Perini, reached its pinnacle during the rule of the 'Kakatiyas' who established their dynasty at [[Warangal]] and ruled for almost two centuries. It is believed that this dance form invokes 'Prerana' (inspiration) and is dedicated to supreme dancer, Lord Shiva.

Bonalu The [[folk festival]] of [[Bonalu]] in the Telangana region brings with it celebrations which see the colourfully dressed female dancers balancing pots (Bonalu), step to the rhythmic beats and tunes in praise of the village deity Mahakali. Male dancers called Pothuraju's precede the female dancers to the temple lashing whips and neem leaves adding colour to the festivity.

===Music===

Telangana has a diverse variation of music from [[carnatic music]] to [[folk music]]. [Kancherla Gopanna,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/09/02/stories/2005090202270200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129065242/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/09/02/stories/2005090202270200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 November 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Entertainment Hyderabad / Dance : ''Bhakta Ramadas'' staged|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> popularly known as Bhakta Ramadasu or Bhadrachala Ramadasu was a 17th-century Indian devotee of Rama and a composer of Carnatic music. He is one among the famous vaggeyakaras (a person who not only composes the lyrics but also sets them to music; vāk = word, speech; geya = singing, singable; geyakāra = singer) in the [[Telugu language]]. there are many types of instruments in [[telangana]]

The folk songs of Telangana had left a profound impact on the [[Telangana movement|Statehood movement]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/folk-songs-set-tune-for-t-struggle/article5721251.ece|title=Folk songs set tune for 'T' struggle|author=K.M. Dayashankar/B. Chandrashekhar|date=2014-02-23|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> as it played a significant role in the success of the Dhoom-Dham, a cultural event that was a vital part of the agitations.

Some of the known folk singers who took active part in the Telangana movement are [[Gaddar]], [[Belli Lalitha]], [[Sai Chand (folk singer)|Sai Chand]], [[Vimalakka]] and singers like [[Deshapati Srinivas]] and [[Rasamayi Balakishan]].

===Oggu Katha===
{{Main|Oggu Katha}}

A western street replica at [[Ramoji Film City]]

Oggu Katha or Oggukatha is a traditional folklore singing praising and narrating the stories of Hindu gods [[Shiva|Mallana]], Beerappa and [[Yellamma]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/26/stories/2008102656900300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109015207/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/26/stories/2008102656900300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-09|title=Telangana Cultural Forum organises rally|date=2008-10-25|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> It originated among the Yadav and Kuruma Golla communities, who devoted themselves to the singing of ballads in praise of Lord Shiva's son Sri Mallanna swamy (also called Sri Mallikarjuna swamy).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/26/stories/2010112654420500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201001210/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/26/stories/2010112654420500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=News Archives|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> Oggus are the traditional priests of the Yadavas and perform the marriage of Mallanna with Bhramaramba.

The narrator and his chorus i.e. two or more narrators-help in dramatizing the narration as very often, they transform themselves into two characters. The dramatization of the narrative is what gives the Oggu Katha its predominant place in the ballad tradition in Telangana, where Oggu Katha is prevalent. The singers visit the shrine of [[Komuravelli Mallanna swamy Temple]] every year.

===Cinema===
{{Main|Telugu Cinema}}

Telugu cinema, also known by its sobriquet as Tollywood, is a part of [[Indian cinema]] producing films in the [[Telugu language]], and is centered in the [[Hyderabad, Telangana]] neighbourhood of [[Film Nagar]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/26/stories/2007122650520200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227070116/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/26/stories/2007122650520200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=27 December 2007 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Year of success for tinsel town | date=26 December 2007}}</ref> The industry holds the [[Guinness World Record]] for the largest film production facility in the world, is one of the best [https://www.ramojifilmcity.com/daytour/ tourist attraction in hyderabad] [[Ramoji Film City]].<ref name="ramoji">{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio |title=Official Site of Guinnessworldrecords.com Largest Film studio in the world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119000128/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio |archive-date=19 January 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> The [[Prasads IMAX]] located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screen, and the most attended cinema screen in the world.<ref>{{Cite news|title= CNN Travel |url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/escape/worlds-10-coolest-movie-theaters-355218|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Thehindu.com King of Good times Prasad's Imax|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/article2332172.ece?|publisher=The Hindu Newspaper | location=Chennai, India|date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Dan Nosowitz |url=https://gizmodo.com/5273201/the-seven-imax-wonders-of-the-world |title=The Seven IMAX Wonders of the World |publisher=Gizmodo.com |date=30 May 2009 |access-date=10 February 2013}}</ref> As per the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] report of 2012, the industry is placed second in India, in terms of films produced yearly.<ref>{{Cite journal|title= Annual report 2011|url= http://cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANNUAL_2011.pdf|publisher= [[Central Board of Film Certification]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130124081428/http://cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANNUAL_2011.pdf|archive-date= 24 January 2013|df= dmy-all}}</ref> because of the film ''[[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali]]'' (I and ii).

==See also==

* [[Culture of Hyderabad]]
* [[Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb]]

== Notes==
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Telangana|state=Telangana}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Culture of Telangana| ]]

Biddanda Chengappa Nanda

2026-02-13T12:42:21Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: basic expand citations after review and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian general (1931–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| name = B C Nanda
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]]
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = 7th General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| successor =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| nickname = BC
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1931|05|12}}
| birth_place = Madikeri, Kodagu
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|12|12|1931|05|12}}
| death_place = Madikeri
| resting_place = Madikeri
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| serviceyears = 1951-1989<ref name="commission"/>
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|20px]] [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| servicenumber =
| unit = [[Mahar Regiment]]
| commands = [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] [[II Corps (India)]] [[7th Indian Infantry Division]]
| battles = '''[[Annexation of Goa]]''' [[Siachen conflict|Siachen Conflict]] [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
| battles_label =
| awards = [[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|32px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|32px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| memorials =
| spouse = 
| relations = [[K. M. Cariappa|Field Marshal Cariappa]] (Uncle)
| laterwork =
| signature =
| signature_size =
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}}

[[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] '''Biddanda Chengappa Nanda''', [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]] was born on 12 May 1931 in Madikeri, Kodagu. His early childhood was spent on the Andaman Islands where his father was a Forest Officer. He completed his schooling at [[The Doon School|Doon School]], Dehradun.

Commissioned into the army on 10 June 1951. He served in Jammu and Kashmir and saw action during the liberation of Goa and Bangladesh.

General Nanda retired after 38 years of distinguished service in the Indian Army and settled in his hometown of Madikeri, where he had his coffee plantations.

An avid lover of nature, he actively contributed to wildlife conservation and preservation of the flora and fauna of the Western Ghats.

== Early life and education ==
B C Nanda was born on 12 May 1931 in Madikeri, Kodagu. His mother, Bollava, was the fifth child of Kodandera Madappa. She had five siblings, four brothers and a sister. One of these brothers was the late [[K. M. Cariappa|Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa]]. His father, Biddanda Subbaiah Chengappa was the eldest in a family of five brothers and one sister. At the time of Nanda's birth, he was serving in the Andaman Islands, in the Forest Department.{{fact|date=November 2022}}

At the age of three months he and his siblings travelled with his mother to join his father and most of his early childhood was spent on the Andaman Islands. The family lived in rough jungle camps and were helped occasionally by prisoners from the famed [[Cellular Jail]] who were allowed to work on the islands as a reward for good behaviour.{{fact|date=November 2022}}

The family frequently moved from one island to another as required by his father's job and they had many unique experiences in this hitherto unexplored region. The experiences of this time developed his life-long love of nature.{{fact|date=November 2022}}
[[File:B C Nanda at Doon School 1940s.jpg|left|thumb|B C Nanda at Doon School circa 1940s]]
At the age of 9 Nanda was sent to the mainland to attend St. Bedes School in Madras. In 1941 he moved to Madikeri and attended St. Joseph's school briefly after which he was enrolled at St Aloysius' in Mangalore. In 1943 B.S. Chengappa was transferred to the [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]] in Dehradun and Nanda was enrolled in The Doon School. He completed his schooling at [[The Doon School|Doon School]],<ref>{{Citation|title=List of The Doon School alumni|date=2021-03-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_The_Doon_School_alumni&oldid=1009763280|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-03-02}}</ref> Dehradun.

The family lived in New Forest, that was close to the Imperial Forest Service and the Imperial Civil Service and later the Indian Military Academy. As a result they received many visitors to their home including such personalities as Major Ayub Khan, later [[Ayub Khan (general)|Field Marshal Ayub Khan]] of Pakistan and [[Idris Hasan Latif|Idris Hassan Latif]] who, later became Chief of Air Staff.

At school he participated in sports and extracurricular activities with equal enthusiasm. He worked shoulder to shoulder with schoolmates, digging drains and educating the residents of a village that had been adopted by the school. He was part of mountaineering and hunting expeditions and was an accomplished sportsman, captaining the cricket team and boxing at a competitive level.

In 1949 Nanda joined the [[Indian Military Academy]]. He went through the training and passed out in the top 20 in his batch. While at the IMA he played cricket for the Academy and played against the visiting Commonwealth Eleven, which included such stalwarts as [[Jim Laker]], Tom Graveny and [[Frank Worrell]]. Upon his graduation, inspired by the IMA's Commandant [[Kodandera Subayya Thimayya|General K.S. Thimayya]]'s mention of the exceptional bravery of the Mahar soldier during the Kashmir conflict, he opted to be commissioned into the Mahar Regiment.

== Military career ==

After the IMA he was dispatched to 2 Mahar located at Dagshai in the Shimla Hills. Two months later due to threats from Pakistan troops were moved to the Punjab border and Nanada was posted with the Headquarters of 2 Mahar near a village called Chajjalwadi in the Punjab. He subsequently spent tenures with Delta Company near the Attari Border and Charlie Company located a little east of Amritsar.

At the time there were only three Machine Gun Battalions in the Indian Army (The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Mahar Battalions). As a result they had to constantly relieve each other in Jammu and Kashmir. Second Mahar had moved out of Jammu and Kashmir in mid 1951 and spent a year and a half on the Pakistan border in near war condition; when in mid 1953 orders were received for the Battalions’ re-induction to the operational theatre of Jammu and Kashmir. Nanda was nominated to go with the advance party which was to facilitate the takeover of the area and operational responsibility from the 3rd Battalion the Mahar MG Regiment.

The next two years were spent with the Battalion in Jammu and Kashmir and during this time he was posted to various appointments in Uri, Rampur, Tithwal, Pattan, Khannabal and Jammu, facing the Pakistanis at close quarters.

He was then sent on the Regimental Signalling Officers Course to Poona (Pune) and was recommended to be an instructor at the Army Signals School. Later he was sent on the Platoon Weapons Course to Mhow where he stood first in the Rifle and Close Quarter Battle tests.

1955 he was posted to the Mahar Regimental Centre at Saugor where he was appointed Training Adjutant. During this short tenure he was sent on two training courses. The first was the Medium Machine Gun course in Mhow, where he was graded AX and recommended as an instructor. The second was the general Intelligence Course for officers at Poona and he received a B grade and was once more recommended for the position of instructor.

In 1957 he was posted as an instructor at the Infantry School in Mhow. During this period he appeared for his promotion exams for the move from Captain to Major and achieved a distinction in the practical (Part C) and qualified easily in the written (Part D)

In 1959 Nanda was ordered to join a new rising, 7 Mahar, at Saugor.

1961 He was sent on the Junior Command Course (JC Course) at Mhow passing it with a Distinction. The Battalion then moved to Ambala and was placed under the 17th Infantry Division. Soon thereafter the 17th Infantry Division was ordered to move South for operations involving the liberation of Goa. He was given command of the Delta Company that was affiliated to 48 Infantry Brigade.

He was appointed the Adjutant at the Mahar Regimental Centre in 1962. He appeared for the Staff College entrance exam and obtained a competitive vacancy in 1964. Communication was received from Army HQ that he was one of two Army officers nominated to attend the Staff College at Camberley in the UK. While attending the course he also played squash, cricket and hockey for the College.

Nanda was then posted as General Staff Officer at the Military Operations Directorate.

His next posting was to 10 Mahar located at Sakrana, across the River Munawar Wali Tawi in the Jammu-Akhnoor sector of J&K where he was sent as the Second-in-Command (2IC) of the Battalion.

He then proceeded to command 9 Mahar in Mendhar, J&K and after this he was sent to 33 Corps as General Staff Officer Grade One (GSOI) in the operational branch. The HQ was in Silliguri in the Eastern Sector from March 1971 to April 1972.

In April 1972 he was selected to attend the Higher Command Course, which was the first of its kind being run in India, at Mhow. The participants of the HC Course visited the battlefields of 1965 and 1971, from Jammu and Kashmir to Punjab and Rajasthan. and were able to, in many cases, meet with the commanders who actually participated in the battles, speak with them pose questions and learn from their experience.

On completion of the HC course Nanda was posted to the [http://www.dssc.gov.in/ Defence Services Staff College, Wellington] as Senior Instructor (Army) in the rank of Full Colonel..

In September 1973 on being promoted to the rank of Brigadier, he commanded an Infantry Brigade in the Western Sector till December 1975.

In 1976 Nanda was one of two officers from India selected to attend a course at the [[Royal College of Defence Studies|Royal College of Defense Studies]] in the UK. At the college they were exposed to and expected to learn a wide spectrum of subjects and disciplines including economics, sociology, geopolitics, science, administration, policing and media in its various forms. Within the UK they visited industries, counter insurgency forces (in Northern Ireland), the police and the media to gain first hand experience and on the ground exposure. They were also sent on tours outside the UK to various countries to study of their strengths and areas of opportunity. Nanda was assigned to a group that visited and studied Southern Europe including Turkey, Yugoslavia (then undivided), Greece, Italy and Cyprus. They also visited NATO headquarters, and Germany and the then divided Berlin.

The two Indian officers also had he opportunity to meet fascinating personalities such as the brother of the great Field Marshal Montgomery and Lady Slim, the widow of Field Marshal William Slim who had a long relationship with India. They were also invited to the Queen’s garden party at Buckingham Palace where the Queen herself made it a point to meet all officers individually.

On his return he was posted to the [[Defence Services Staff College]] as Chief Instructor (Army) from January 1977 to March 1979. As the senior-most instructor he was also the Deputy Commandant.

At the end of this tenure he was posted to Army HQ as Deputy Director of Military Operations A'.

In October 1980 he was promoted to the rank of Major General and took over the command of [[7th Indian Infantry Division|7th Infantry Division]] in Ferozepur, Punjab. During his command of 7 Div. he had the opportunity to be part of an Army Delegation to the erstwhile USSR led by Lt Gen Hriday Kaul. He commanded the division till December 1982 when he returned to Army HQ as the Deputy Military Secretary. Once again Nanda was selected to accompany the then Army Chief General Krishna Rao on a visit to Vietnam. He remained in the post of Deputy Military Secretary till December 1984.

On 17 December 1984 he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General and took over command of [[II Corps (India)|2 Corps]].

General Nanda served as the first Director General of Defense Planning Staff, Chief of Staff Committee, Ministry of Defense, from 30 April 1986 to 31 May 1987.
[[File:PVSM investiture 1987 Lt Gen B C Nanda.jpg|thumb|Lt. Gen B. C. Nanda receives the PVSM Medal from President R. Venkataraman in 1987]]
He took over as GOC-in-C Northern Command on 1 June 1987.

He was appointed honorary ADC to the President of India.

He was Mentioned in Dispatch in 1971, and was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 1982 and the Param Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 1987

He also served as the Colonel of the [[Mahar Regiment]] until his retirement and remained active in supporting Regimental activities even after he retired. In November 2016 he returned to the Regimental Centre at Saugor, for the Platinum Jubilee of the Mahar Regiment<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhopal: The 80th raising day celebrations of Mahar Regiment organised at Sagar|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-the-80th-raising-day-celebrations-of-mahar-regiment-organised-at-sagar|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=Former, serving soldiers celebrate Mahar Regiment platinum jubilee|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/former-serving-soldiers-celebrate-mahar-regiment-platinum-jubilee.html|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref> as chief guest<ref>{{Cite web|title=h10|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2016/nov16-16/h10.htm|access-date=2021-03-02|website=sainiksamachar.nic.in}}</ref> at the wreath laying ceremony at the War Memorial.

=== Post retirement ===
Lt. Gen B. C. Nanda moved to Madikeri, Kodagu after he retired and actively participated in multiple social initiatives. He was the president of the [https://cws.in/introduction.html Coorg Wildlife Society]<ref>{{Cite web|title=NGO|url=https://cws.in/current-&-past-presidents.html|access-date=2021-03-02|website=cws.in}}</ref> from 1993 to 1997. In June 2001 he inaugurated the permanent premises of the society<ref>{{Cite web|title=NGO|url=https://cws.in/history.html|access-date=2021-03-02|website=cws.in}}</ref> that was built on land donated by his mother Bollu Chengappa. He was an avid birdwatcher and kept meticulous records of the migratory species of bird that came to Coorg each year. His observations and records have been referenced in birdwatching newsletters and reports over many years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mysore Nature - Kodagu ( Coorg ) Sector|url=https://www.mysorenature.org/around-mysore/kodagu-coorg-sector|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.mysorenature.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bibliography of South Asia Ornithology: Records|url=http://www.southasiaornith.in/records/search?type=&field%5B0%5D=2&term%5B0%5D=KODAGU|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.southasiaornith.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bibliography of South Asia Ornithology: Records|url=http://www.southasiaornith.in/records/search/page:7?type=&field%5B0%5D=2&term%5B0%5D=WESTERN+GHATS|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.southasiaornith.in}}</ref> Additionally he encouraged the conservation and environmental protection of not just Kodagu but the Western Ghat biosphere.

He remained actively involved in Ex-Servicemen's affairs in the District.<ref>{{cite news|date=2017-11-05|title=Army chief pays tribute to the valour of people of Kodagu|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/army-chief-pays-tribute-to-the-valour-of-people-of-kodagu/article19984779.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-03-18|title='Shortage of drugs in ECHS hospitals will be tackled in 6 months'|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/58748/shortage-drugs-echs-hospitals-tackled.html|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

In 1994 Lt. Gen. B. C. Nanda was conferred the [[Rajyotsava Prashasti|Karnataka Rajyotsava Award]].

Lt. Gen. B. C. Nanda died on 12 December 2018 at Madikeri following a brief illness. He was laid to rest with full Military Honors<ref>https://www.deccanherald.com/lt-general-b-c-nanda-laid-rest-708058.htmlv {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> on 13 December 2018.

==Awards and decorations==
During his career, he has been awarded with [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]] and was Mentioned in Dispatches in 1971

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|[[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]
|
|-
|[[File:India General Service Medal 1947.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND Poorvi Star Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND Siachen Glacier Medal Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND Raksha Medal Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND Sangram Medal Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND High Altitude Medal Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND 25th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND 30 Years Long Service Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|colspan="2"|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[General Service Medal 1947|India General Service Medal 1947]]
|[[Poorvi Star]]
|[[Siachen Glacier Medal]]
|[[Raksha Medal]]
|-
|[[Sangram Medal]]
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|High Altitude Service Medal]]
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|25th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|-
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|Mentioned-in-Dispatches – 1971
|-
|}

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:2nd_Lieutenant_Indian_Army.gif|35px]] || [[Second Lieutenant]] || [[Indian Army]] || 10 June 1951<ref name="commission">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=228 |date=24 November 1951 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant]] || Indian Army || 10 June 1953<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=191 |date=22 August 1953 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] || Indian Army || 10 June 1957<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=188 |date=3 August 1957 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major (rank)|Major]] || Indian Army || 10 June 1964<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=15 |date=9 January 1965 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] || Indian Army || 9 August 1968<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1084 |date=29 July 1972 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel]] || Indian Army || 25 July 1974<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=889 |date=26 June 1976 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Brigadier_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier]] || Indian Army || 28 April 1975<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1235 |date=4 September 1976 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major general (India)|Major General]] || Indian Army || 3 October 1980<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1490 |date=4 December 1982 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-General]] || Indian Army || 17 December 1984<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=393 |date=9 February 2019 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[K. M. Cariappa]]
* [[Mahar Regiment]]
*[[Northern Command (India)]]
*[[List of The Doon School alumni|Doon School Alumni]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]]
| years = 1 June 1987 – 31 May 1989
| before = A. K. Handoo
| after = Gurinder Singh
}}
{{Succession box
| title = Director General of Defense Planning Staff
| years = 25 October xxx- xxxx
| before = None
| after = xx
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[General Officer Commanding]] [[II Corps (India)|II Corps]]
| years = 17 December 1984 – 29 April 1986
| before = xxxx
| after = xxx
}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[General Officer Commanding]] [[7th Indian Infantry Division|7th Infantry Div]]
| years = October 1980 - December 1982
| before =
| after =
}}

{{s-end}}

== External links ==
*[https://starofmysore.com/the-soldier-who-saved-siachen/ The Soldier who saved Siachen]
*[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/army-chief-pays-tribute-to-the-valour-of-people-of-kodagu/article19984779.ece Army Chief pays tribute to valour of People of Kodagu]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Yogesh Kumar}}
[[Category:1931 births|Nanda, Biddanda Chengappa]]
[[Category:2018 deaths|Nanda, Biddanda Chengappa]]
[[Category:Indian Army officers|Nanda, Biddanda Chengappa]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal|Nanda, Biddanda Chengappa]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|Nanda, Biddanda Chengappa]]
[[Category:Kodava people|Nanda, Biddanda Chengappa]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies|Nanda, Biddanda Chengappa]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Defence Services Staff College]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley]]
[[Category:Indian alumni of Staff College, Camberley]]

William Harry Evans

2026-02-12T06:19:18Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Stub...

{{Short description|British entomologist}}
{{other people|William Evans}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = William Harry Evans
| image = William Harry Evans (lepidopterist).jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1876|07|22}}
| birth_place = [[Shillong]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1956|11|13|1876|07|22}}
| death_place = [[Church Whitfield]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| citizenship =
| fields = [[Lepidopterist]], soldier
| workplaces =
| alma_mater = [[King's School, Canterbury]]
| known_for = [[Lycaenidae]], [[Hesperiidae]] of South Asia
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| spouse =
}}

Brigadier '''William Harry Evans''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CSI|CIE|DSO}} (born 22 July 1876 in [[Shillong]] – died 13 November 1956, [[Church Whitfield]] ) was a [[lepidopterist]] and [[British Army]] officer who served in [[India]]. He documented the [[butterfly]] fauna of [[India]], [[Burma]] and [[Ceylon]] in a series of articles in the ''Journal of the [[Bombay Natural History Society]]''. Brigadier Evans was especially interested in the [[taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] and systematics of the butterfly families [[Lycaenidae]] and [[Hesperiidae]] an example being his ''A revision of the [[Arhopala]] group of Oriental Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)'' ''Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.)'', Ent., vol. 5: pp. 85–141 (1957).

== Life and work ==

Evans was the third son of Sir [[Horace Moule Evans]] and Elizabeth Anne, daughter of Surgeon General J. T. Tressider. His mother kindled an interest in nature and, when he was sent to [[King's School, Canterbury]], he was already interested in [[butterfly|butterflies]] and [[moth]]s. He attended [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]] in 1894 and was commissioned in the army at the age of 20. During his time at the Academy, he injured his knee, which reduced his mobility in later life. Evans was trained at the [[Royal School of Military Engineering]] in Chatham in preparation for joining the Royal Engineers.<ref name="REJ-Obit">{{Cite Q|Q137190404}}</ref>

In 1898 he was posted to India and began collecting butterflies in [[Chitral]]. He was sent on duty with the [[Somaliland campaign|Somaliland Expedition]] (1902–04) and was made an [[intelligence officer]] in August 1903.<ref name="REJ-Obit"/> He served in France from 1914 to 1918 and was awarded the D.S.O. and a [[brevet]]. Exposure to poison gas, however, caused him permanent chest problems. He returned to India in 1919 with his final post in the Western Command at Quetta as a chief engineer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Riley |first=N. D. |date=January 1957 |title=Brigadier W. H. Evans, C.S.I., C.I.E. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/179127a0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=179 |issue=4551 |pages=127 |doi=10.1038/179127a0 |bibcode=1957Natur.179..127R |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>

He retired in 1931 and travelled to London via Australia. His home was close to the Natural History Museum and he continued to work on Military service and was attached with the Non-Intervention Committee during the [[Spanish Civil War]] and later took up work as an [[Air Raid Warden]]. He was at a window in the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], facing South onto Cromwell Road when a German [[V1 flying bomb]] burst on the road {{convert|100|yd}} away. He was injured and his hearing was permanently impaired.

His wife lived in Bournemouth during the air raids (and died there in 1945). Evans, however, stayed in London to complete his ''Revision of the Hesperiidae of the world'', as he stated "before he died".

Evans collected butterflies throughout his career in India and was very knowledgeable on distribution patterns. His favourite collection areas included [[Kodaikanal]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Shimla|Simla]], [[Murree]], [[Darjeeling]], [[Chitral]] and [[Baluchistan]]. He travelled to Australia to collect the endemic subfamily [[Trapezitinae]].

From 1923 he published keys to the identification of Indian butterflies in the ''[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]''. Evans examined over half a million specimens of [[Hesperiidae]] in the museum.

Evans was influenced by the works of [[Bernhard Rensch]], [[Ernst Mayr]] and [[Thomas Huxley]], but he was not comfortable with the ideas of [[phylogenetic classification]].

He suffered from ill health in his final years, as an after effect of the poison gas he inhaled in the first world war. A bout of pneumonia in 1952 led to partial heart failure and a subsequent heart attack in 1954. He died of heart failure in his sleep on 13 November 1956.<ref name="REJ-Obit"/>

== Publications ==

* 1937. ''A Catalogue of the African Hesperiidae''. British Museum (Natural History), London.
* 1949. ''A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae From Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History)''.
* 1951. ''A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae Indicating the Classification and Nomenclature Adopted in the British Museum (Natural History)''. Part I. Pyrrhophyginae. British Museum, London.
* 1952. ''A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae Indicating the Classification and Nomenclature Adopted in the British Museum (Natural History)''. Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum, London.
* 1953. ''A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae Indicating the Classification and Nomenclature Adopted in the British Museum (Natural History)''. Part III. Pyrginae. Section II. British Museum, London.
* 1955. ''A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae Indicating the Classification and Nomenclature Adopted in the British Museum (Natural History)''. Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London.
* 1932. ''The Identification of Indian Butterflies''.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* H. D. P. 1957: [Evans, W. H.] ''Entomologist'' 90, 24.
* Remington, C. L. 1956: [Evans, W. H.] ''Lepidopt. News'' 10, 101.
* [[Norman Denbigh Riley|Riley, N. D.]] & Remington, C. L. 1956: [Evans, W. H.] ''Lepidopt. News'' 10, 193–199, Portrait. [https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/1950s/1956/1956-10(6)193-Riley.pdf PDF]
* Sachtleben, H. 1957: [Evans, W. H.] ''Beitr. Ent.'' 7, 200–201.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Evans, William Henery}}
[[Category:British entomologists]]
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Engineers officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]
[[Category:People educated at The King's School, Canterbury]]
[[Category:British lepidopterists]]
[[Category:20th-century British zoologists]]
[[Category:Civil Defence Service personnel]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:Zoologists from British India]]

Rani Varma

2026-02-10T02:55:56Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created a post.

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{cleanup rewrite|date=September 2024}}
{{promotional|date=September 2024}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rani Varma
| image = Rani Verma.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name = Rani Varma
| birth_date = 7 May 1956
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = Musician Singer{{hlist|Singer|Recordist|Film Producer}}
| relatives = Amar Varma (Father) [[Manik Varma]] (Mother) Aruna Jaiprakash (Sister) [[Bharati Achrekar]] (Sister) [[Vandana Gupte]] (Sister)
| years_active = present
}}

'''Rani Varma''' is a singer and recordist. She has also sung many songs as a playback singer. She is a daughter of [[Amar Varma]], the famous Hindi/Urdu writer, poet, director & produce & well-known singer [[Manik Varma]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5297862955968206497&SectionId=12&SectionName=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0&NewsDate=20140919&Provider=-&NewsTitle=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87,%20%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80|title=राणी वर्मा यांची "ती' रविवारी कोल्हापुरात|accessdate=7 Mar 2019}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Early life==
Rani was born in the renowned family of [[Amar Varma]], the famous Hindi/Urdu writer, poet, director & producer and [[Padma Shri]] winner [[Manik Varma]] the doyen of Indian Classical music of Kirana Gharana, who also excelled in semi classical and light music like Thumrari, Natyasangeet, Bhajans and Bhavgeets and became a household name specially in [[Maharashtra]]. As the years passed by, along with the music inherited from her mother, she started taking Indian classical music lessons from Pandit Vasantrao Kulkarni from the childhood on her mother's insistence to have a regular and systematic knowledge, base and depth in music. Looking to her talent and potential, the famous music director of Indian Motion pictures Shri. [[C. Ramchandra]] gave her the first opportunity of singing in his concert,"Geet Gopal" as a solo singer at the age of nine. At 12, here first playback song "Pappa Saanga Kunache" and "He Rashtra Devatanche" for Marathi film [[Gharkul]] became super hits, where she captured the hears of millions with her sweet voice and confidence and from then she was lovingly and affectionately called as "Rani Varma". She continued singing with him for his live concerts "Bhulaye Na Bane" and became the wonder child singer.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}

==Career==
Rani made her playback debut in Ga Geet Tu Satari, in Marathi. She has sung many Marathi songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tarunbharat.net/Encyc/2015/9/9/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE.aspx?PageType=N|title=फॅमिली कट्टा|accessdate=7 Mar 2019}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She has done many albums for children including famous "Adam Tadam Tad Tad Baja". Rani also owns a recording studio Saptak in Mumbai.

She was a part of project done by [[Ashok Hande]] on [[Manik Varma]] named "Manik Moti" with support by [[Bharati Achrekar]] and [[Vandana Gupte]] after [[Manik Varma]]'s death.

==Popular Songs==
* गा गीत तू सतारी Ga Geet Tu Satari
* जगणे अमुचे नका विचारू Jagane Amuche Naka Vicharu
* तुला आळवीता जीवन Tula Aalavita Jeevan Sarave
* तू सुखकर्ता तू दुःखहर्ता Tu Sukhakarta Tu
* पप्पा सांगा कुणाचे Pappa Sanga Kunache
* मी मोठ्ठा होनार किनई Mi Mottha Honar Kinai
* संपले स्वप्‍न ते Sampale Swapna Te
* हे राष्ट्र देवतांचे He Rashtra Devatanche

==Albums==
* Adam Tadam Tad Tad Baja

==Personal life==
Varma is a youngest daughter of [[Manik Varma]]. She has sisters, [[Aruna Jaiprakash]], [[Bharati Achrekar]], an actor and [[Vandana Gupte]], a Marathi stage, film and television actor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/art-music/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80/102002|title=माणिक वर्मा : संगीतातला माणिक मोती|date=16 May 2012|website=24taas.com|accessdate=7 Mar 2019}}</ref><ref
name="inex">{{cite news|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=157179|title=Remembering Manik Varma|date=15 November 2005|work=Indian Express}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Rani Varma was first married to Shashank Lalchand who had acted in a few films in 1970s. She has narrated in a talk that after Lalchand's untimely death in 1991, she managed his studio in Mumbai for next 10 years before closing it down.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2DkbCFZlX8</ref> Her second marriage was to a Professional Engineer and hospitality investor Ashok Patel, based in New Orleans in USA; they divorced in 2005, and Rani Varma returned to India.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varma, Rani}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Marathi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Women Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:1956 births]]

Government Medical College, Chandrapur

2026-01-23T11:54:04Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: improve lead for consistency and fixed typos

{{Short description|College in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{one source|date=October 2018}}
{{Sources exist|date=March 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = KDK Government Medical College, Chandrapur
| native_name = कर्मवीर दादासाहेब कन्नमवार शासकीय वैद्यकीय महाविद्यालय
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto =
| established = {{start date and age|2015}}
| type = Medical College
| endowment =
| administrative_staff = 250
| faculty = 150
| dean = Dr. Milind Kamble
| head =
| students = 500
| undergrad = 150 per academic year
| postgrad = Proposed
| doctoral =
| profess =
| city = [[Chandrapur, Maharashtra]]
| country = India
| mascot =
| other_name = GMC Chandrapur
| academic_affiliations = [[Maharashtra University of Health Sciences]]
| accreditation = [[National Medical Commission]]
| footnotes = Named after [[Marotrao Kannamwar]] Ji.
| website = {{url|gmcchandrapur.org}}
| address =
| publictransit =
| coor =
| logo =
}}

The '''[[Marotrao Kannamwar| Karmaveer Kannamwar]] Government Medical College, Chandrapur''' was founded in 2015 in [[Chandrapur, Maharashtra]], India.<ref>[http://www.gmcchandrapur.org/ GMC Chandrapur]</ref> The college is affiliated to [[Maharashtra University of Health Sciences|MUHS]], [[Nashik]] and is under Director of Medical Education and Research (DMER), [[Mumbai]]. This college is wholly funded by [[Government of Maharashtra]]. [[National Medical Commission|NMC]] permission was granted in the year 2015.

Named after [[Marotrao Kannamwar]], 2nd [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] Govt. Medical College was started in the premises of District [[Tuberculosis|T.B]] Hospital (100 beds). The District [[Public hospital|Civil Hospital]] (100 beds) and District T.B Hospital, both run by public health department of Maharashtra were merged.

New GMCC campus is under construction, off the Chandrapur Bypass road, on {{convert|50|acre}} of land, at an estimated cost of Rs 600 crores. A [[Cancer]] hospital will also be established in the campus by TATA Cancer Care Foundation and Government of Maharashtra.

== Departments ==
=== Clinical ===
* Department of [[Anaesthesia]]
* Department of [[Dentistry]]
* Department of [[Otolaryngology|ENT]]
* Department of [[Internal medicine|Medicine]]
* Department of [[Ophthalmology]]
* Department of [[Obstetrics]] & [[Gynecology]]
* Department of [[Orthopedics]]
* Department of [[Pediatrics]]
* Department of [[Psychiatry]]
* Department of [[Radiology]]
* Department of [[Dermatology|Skin]] & [[Sexually transmitted disease|VD]]
* Department of [[General Surgery]]
* Department of [[Pulmonology|Chest]] & [[Tuberculosis|TB]]

=== Pre-clinical ===
* Department of [[Anatomy]]
* Department of [[Physiology]]
* Department of [[Biochemistry]]

=== Para-clinical ===
* Department of [[Pathology]]
* Department of [[Microbiology]]
* Department of [[Pharmacology]]
* Department of [[Medical jurisprudence|Forensic Medicine]] & [[Toxicology]]
* Department of [[Public health|Preventive & Social Medicine]]

== Infrastructure overview ==
*Land area {{convert|26,364.40|sqm}}
*College building ground floor area {{convert|3445.22|sqm}} first floor area {{convert|3372.06|sqm}} second floor area {{convert|2068.80|sqm}}
*College council hall {{convert|79.55|sqm}}
*Exam hall {{convert|1009.84|sqm}}
*Canteen: Ground floor area {{convert|137.19|sqm}} first floor area 131.28 square meters
*Out Patient Department (OPD)
*100 bedded T.B hospital building
*100 bedded Civil hospital building
*Auditorium with advanced sound system
*Library with internet facility
*Hostels for medical students and resident doctors
*Gymnasium

== Admissions ==
The medical course of [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] was started in the college with a total intake of 100 students in 2015. With the increase in the intake to 150 in the year 2019–20, there are a total of 500 students in the institute pursuing medical studies as of 2020. Admissions are made through [[Common Eligibility Test|CET]] / [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] (85% from state CET and 15% from central NEET).

== See also ==

Some other Government Medical Colleges (GMCs) nearby are:
* [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur]]
* [[Government Medical College (Nagpur)]]
* [[Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur]]
* [[Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences]], Wardha
* [[Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College]], Yavatmal

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/HC-booster-shot-for-Chandrapur-govt-med-college-orders-100-admissions/articleshow/47995764.cms HC booster shot for Chandrapur govt med college, orders 100 admissions]

{{Colleges affiliated to Maharashtra University of Health Sciences}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Chandrapur]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Affiliates of Maharashtra University of Health Sciences]]

Rahmatpur, Munger

2026-01-21T09:06:22Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created new article

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rahmatpur
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
{{coord|25|09|52.3|N|86|41|32.4|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Munger district|Munger]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block in India|Block]]
| subdivision_name3 =[[Asarganj]]
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 4503
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 813201
| area_code_type = Panchayat Code
| area_code = 006065
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Rahmatpur''' is a sizable village situated in the [[Asarganj]] Block of the [[Munger district]], [[Bihar]]. It also functions as a [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] and falls under the jurisdiction of the Asarganj Community Development Block. Positioned in the [[Anga|Ang Pradesh]] region of Bihar, its closest town is Munger, approximately 50 kilometers away.

== Demographics ==
A total of 861 families reside in Rahmatpur. According to the 2011 census, Rahmatpur has a population of 4503, comprising 2442 males and 2061 females. Children between the ages of 0 and 6 constitute 15.08% of the total population of the village.

=== Sex ratio ===
The average sex ratio in Rahmatpur is 844, lower than the Bihar state average of 918. The child sex ratio in Rahmatpur, as per the census, is 951, higher than the Bihar state average of 935.

=== Literacy rate ===
Rahmatpur boasts a higher literacy rate compared to Bihar. In 2011, the literacy rate of Rahmatpur was 72.49%, whereas Bihar recorded 61.80%. Male literacy in Rahmatpur stands at 79.75%, while female literacy is at 63.70%.

=== Population density ===
Rahmatpur has a population density of 1949.35 persons per square kilometer.

== Geography and Area ==
The village is situated in Asarganj C.D. Block of Munger District in the state of Bihar, India.

The total area of Rahmatpur is 231 hectares as per data available for the year 2009.

The total sown/agricultural area is 231 hectares. Of this, approximately 143.3 hectares are unirrigated, while about 87.7 hectares are irrigated. The irrigation of these 87.7 hectares is facilitated by canal water.

== Language ==
The predominant and most spoken language in Rahmatpur is [[Angika]], as it falls within Munger, which is part of the [[Anga|Ang Pradesh]] region of Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=language {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://munger.nic.in/language/ |access-date=2023-06-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, most villagers can understand and converse in Hindi.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2018-05-11 |title=Headlines From the Heartland: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere - Sevanti Ninan - Google Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHRNs4Pt2YAC&pg=PA61 |access-date=2023-06-17 |isbn=9780761935803 |last1=Ninan |first1=Sevanti }}</ref>{{Page needed|date=November 2023}}

== Religion ==
The predominant religion in Rahmatpur is Hinduism.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Munger district]]

{{Munger-geo-stub}}

1843 in India

2026-01-19T23:52:42Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: improved article

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Year in India|1843}}
Events in the year '''1843 in India'''.

==Events==
* Sind War.<ref>{{cite book | title=Everyman's Dictionary of Dates | author=J. M. Dent | year=1971 | pages=261 | edition=6th}}</ref>
* December – [[Gwalior campaign]] was fought between the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Marathas|Marathan]] forces in [[Gwalior]] in India<ref name = "HistRec">{{cite book | last = Raymond Smythies | first = Cpt. R. H. | author-link = Cpt. R. H. Raymond Smythies | title = Historical Records of the 40th(2nd Somersetshire) Regiment | publisher=A. H. Swiss | year = 1894 | url = https://archive.org/details/historicalrecor00smytgoog }}</ref>
* 1{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} July – [[Bank of Madras]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article206000.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210346/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article206000.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 March 2016 | title=The then 'Bank of Madras' | work=[[Indian Express]] | date=19 August 2010 | access-date=4 March 2014 | author=Venkadesan S}}</ref>
* [[Howrah district]]{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}
* November 1843 – Noble College, Machilipatnam<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&q=biography+of+Robert+Turlington+Noble&pg=PA499 | title=Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions | publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing | author=Gerald H. Anderson | year=1999 | pages=499 | isbn=9780802846808}}</ref>

==Law==
* 7 April – [[Indian Slavery Act, 1843]] was passed.<ref>[https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/1-50/Report5.pdf British statutes applicable to India]</ref>
* (Colonies) Evidence Act (British statute)
*Judicial Committee Act (British statute)

==Deaths==
* November - [[Esther Leach]], English-Indian actress

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1843}}

[[Category:1843 in India| ]]
[[Category:1843 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in India]]

{{India-year-stub}}

Chandrabose (lyricist)

2026-01-18T19:39:30Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{short description|Lyricist in Telugu cinema}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chandrabose
| image = Chandrabose with Academy Award 2023.jpg
| birth_name = Kanukuntla Subhash Chandrabose
| birth_date = 1970
| url =
| birth_place = [[Challagariga]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Telangana]], India)<ref name="abn">{{Cite web|date=26 June 2016|title=ఆయన కళ్లలో కనిపించే వెలుగు చూడటం నాకిష్టం|url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/abnarchievestorys-258767|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419083410/https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/abnarchievestorys-258767 |archive-date=19 April 2021 |access-date=2021-02-08|website=[[Andhra Jyothi]]|language=Te}}</ref>
| alma_mater = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Lyricist|playback singer}}
| notable_works = [[Kushi (2001 film)]], [[Naani]], [[Tagore (film)]], [[1: Nenokkadine]],
[[Nannaku Prematho]],
[[Rangasthalam]],
[[Pushpa: The Rise]],
[[RRR]], [[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]
| caption = Chandrabose in 2023
| spouse = [[Suchitra Chandrabose]]
| children =
}}

'''Kanukuntla Subhash Chandrabose''' is an Indian [[lyricist]] and [[playback singer|singer]] who works in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref name="Chandrabose: I wish to work with Ilaiyaraaja">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Chandrabose: I wish to work with Ilaiyaraaja |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2025/Apr/12/chandrabose-i-wish-to-work-with-ilaiyaraaja |access-date=12 April 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=12 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2023 |title=అసలు చంద్రబోస్ ఎవరు ? సింగర్ కావాల్సిన వ్యక్తి లిరిసిస్ట్ గా .. అలా జరిగుంటే ఆస్కార్ మిస్సయ్యేదేమో |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment/naatu-naatu-lyricist-chandrabose-wants-singer-first-rrg1vs |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Asianet News Network]] |language=te}}</ref> Chandrabose debuted as a lyricist with the 1995 film ''[[Taj Mahal (1995 film)|Taj Mahal]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=E |first=Madhukar |date=5 August 2014 |title=Reading literature, friends encouragement my forte |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2014-08-05/Reading-literature-friends-encouragement-my-forte-104062 |publisher=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> In a career spanning over 25 years, he has written lyrics for about 3600 songs in over 850 films.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vamsi|date=2020-05-28|title=ఎంత సక్కగ రాశారో: చంద్రబోస్‌పై దేవిశ్రీ ప్రసాద్ పాట|url=https://10tv.in/chandrabose-25-years-lyrical-journey-song-devi-sri-prasad-2600/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815025556/https://10tv.in/chandrabose-25-years-lyrical-journey-song-devi-sri-prasad-2600/ |archive-date=15 August 2020 |access-date=2021-02-08|website=[[10TV]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Sarma|first=G. v Prasada|date=2019-04-23|title=I derive my sense of music from oral traditions, says Chandrabose|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/i-derive-my-sense-of-music-from-oral-traditions-says-chandrabose/article26915722.ece|access-date=2021-02-08|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Chandrabose won an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] for the song "[[Naatu Naatu]]" from ''[[RRR (film)|RRR]]'' (2022). He has received one [[National Film Awards|National Award]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chandrabose wins National Film Award for Best Lyricist for the song 'Dham Dham Dham' from 'Konda Polam' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/chandrabose-wins-national-film-award-for-best-lyricist-for-the-song-dham-dham-dham-from-konda-polam/articleshow/103049473.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2023-10-25|website=The Times of India| date=25 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> two [[Nandi Awards]], two [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]], and three [[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]] as a lyricist.

== Early life and career ==
Chandrabose was born in the village of [[Challagariga]] of [[Warangal district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Jayashankar Bhupalpally district|Bhupalpally district]], [[Telangana]], India), where he completed high school.<ref name="abn" /> He is the youngest of four siblings, and his father worked as a primary school teacher.<ref name="abn" /> He earned a degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2008-12-03|title=Stars : Star Interviews : Chandrabose - Interview|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/chandrabose_interview.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203071535/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/chandrabose_interview.php|archive-date=3 December 2008|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Telugu Cinema}}</ref> Early in his career, he tried working as a singer in [[Doordarshan]], without success. He then decided to switch to working as a lyricist.<ref name=":1" />

He entered the film industry with [[Muppalaneni Shiva]]'s film ''[[Taj Mahal (1995 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (1995). Music director [[M. M. Srilekha]] helped him with his first film song, "Manchu Kondallona Chandramaa" in 1995.<ref name="abn" /><ref name=":2" /> He adopted Chandrabose as his screen name on the advice of his first director [[Muppalaneni Shiva|Muppalaneni Siva]].<ref name="abn" /><ref name=":4" />

== Family life ==

Chandrabose married Suchitra, a [[Choreography|choreographer]] in the Telugu film industry.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lyricist Chandrabose and wife share a cute moment on 'Dhee Jodi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/lyricist-chandrabose-and-wife-share-a-cute-moment-on-dhee-jodi/articleshow/54829755.cms|access-date=2021-02-08|website=The Times of India|date=13 October 2016 |language=en}}</ref> He has one son Nanda Vanamali and one daughter Amrita Varshini. He has two brothers (Rajender, Koti) and a sister (Swaroopa).

== Filmography ==
{{colbegin}}
* ''[[Taj Mahal (1995 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Dharma Chakram]]'' (1996)
* ''Oho Naa Pellanta'' (1996)
* ''[[Pattukondi Chuddam]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Pelli Sandadi]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Master (1997 film)|Master]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Choodalani Vundi]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Bavagaru Bagunnara?]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Premante Idera]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Iddaru Mitrulu (1999 film)|Iddaru Mitrulu]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Thammudu]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Jayam Manade Raa]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Santhi Nivasam (TV series)|Santhi Nivasam]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Azad (2000 film)|Azad]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Murari (2001 film)|Murari]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Budget Padmanabham]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Mrigaraju]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Sri Manjunatha (film)|Manjunatha]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Kushi (2001 film)|Kushi]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Daddy (2001 film)|Daddy]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Student No.1]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Hanuman Junction]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Takkari Donga]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru!]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Aadi (2002 film)|Aadi]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Chennakesava Reddy]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Gangotri (2003 film)|Gangotri]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Amma Nanna O Tamila Ammayi]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Dil (2003 film)|Dil]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Johnny (2003 film)|Johnny]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Tagore (film)|Tagore]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Abhimanyu (2003 film)|Abhimanyu]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Lakshmi Narasimha (film)|Lakshmi Narasimha]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Anji (film)|Anji]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Athade Oka Sainyam]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Nenunnanu]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Arya (2004 film)|Arya]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Naani]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Samba (2004 film)|Samba]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Naa Autograph]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Gudumba Shankar]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Shankar Dada MBBS]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Balu (film)|Balu]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Chakram (2005 film)|Chakram]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Subash Chandra Bose (film)|Subhash Chandra Bose]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Athanokkade]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Andarivaadu]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Andhrudu]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Allari Bullodu]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Chatrapathi (2005 film)|Chatrapathi]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Bhageeratha (film)|Bhageeratha]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Jai Chiranjeeva]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Happy (2006 film)|Happy]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Ranam (2006 film)|Ranam]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Vikramarkudu]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Bommarillu]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Sainikudu]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Khatarnak (2006 film)|Khatarnak]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Annavaram (film)|Annavaram]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Okka Magaadu]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Lakshyam (2007 film)|Lakshyam]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Idea Super Singer]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Oy! (film)|Oy!]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Bendu Apparao R.M.P]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Arya 2]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Adhurs]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Puli (2010 film)|Komaram Puli]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Nagavalli (film)|Nagavalli]]'' (2010)
* ''[[100% Love (2011 film)|100% Love]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Badrinath (film)|Badrinath]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Panjaa]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Shadow (2013 film)|Shadow]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Varna (film)|Varna]]'' (2013, dubbed version)
* ''[[Thoofan]]'' (2013, bilingual film)
* ''[[1: Nenokkadine]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Alludu Seenu]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Rey (film)|Rey]]'' (2016)
* ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' (2015, dubbed version)
* ''[[Mayuri (film)|Mayuri]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Subramanyam for Sale]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Tripura (film)|Tripura]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Nannaku Prematho]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Dhruva (2016 film)|Dhruva]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Nenu Local]]'' (2017)
* '''[[Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Jaya Janaki Nayaka]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Jai Lava Kusa]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Hello (2017 film)|Hello]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Inttelligent]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Nuvvu Thopu Raa]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Mallesham]]'' (2019)
* ''[[90ML (2019 Telugu film)|90ML]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]'' (2019)
* ''[[30 Rojullo Preminchadam Ela]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Sashi (film)|Sashi]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Kanabadutaledu]]'' (2021)
* ''Devarakondalo Vijay Premakatha'' (2021)
* ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Konda Polam]]'' (2021)
* ''[[RRR (film)|RRR]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Waltair Veerayya]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Agent (film)|Agent]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Ghar Banduk Biryani]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' (2023, Telugu dubbed version)
* ''[[Ahimsa (2023 film)|Ahimsa]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Jawan (2023 film)|Jawan]]'' (2023, Telugu dubbed version)
* ''[[Love Me (2024 Indian film)|Love Me]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Aho Vikramaarka]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Indian 2]]'' (2024, dubbed version)
* ''[[Purushothamudu]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Alanaati Ramchandrudu]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Mazaka]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Oka Brundavanam]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Hari Hara Veera Mallu]]'' (2025)
* ''[[3BHK]]'' (2025, Telugu dubbed version)
* ''[[Champion (2025 film)|Champion]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi]]'' (2026)
* ''[[Anaganaga Oka Raju]]'' (2026)
{{colend}}

== Awards and nominations ==

;;[[Academy Awards]]
;* [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for "[[Naatu Naatu]]" in [[RRR (film)|''RRR'']] (2022)
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] for "Nee Navvula Thelladanaanni" in ''[[Aadi (2002 film)|Aadi]]'' (2002)
* Best Lyricist for "Cheekatito Veluge Cheppenu Nenunnanani" in ''[[Nenunnanu]]'' (2004)

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]] for "Kanipinchina Maa Amma" in [[Manam (film)|''Manam'']] (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Winners-list-62nd-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-South/articleshow/47836755.cms|title=Winners list: 62nd Britannia Filmfare Awards (South)|work=The Times of India|date=27 June 2015|access-date=27 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627012915/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Winners-list-62nd-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-South/articleshow/47836755.cms|archive-date=27 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Best Lyricist – Telugu for "Entha Sakkagunnave" in ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018)

;[[South Indian International Movie Awards|'''SIIMA Awards''']]
* [[SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]] for "Kanipinchina Maa Amma" from [[Manam (film)|''Manam'']] (2014)
* Best Lyricist – Telugu for "Entha Sakkagunnave" from ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16 |title=SIIMA Awards 2019: Ram Charan, Keerthy Suresh and Yash win big laurels |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/siima-awards-2019-ram-charan-keerthy-suresh-and-yash-win-big-laurels/story-6vzWXWtpm5Kz6fGyAIQFXJ.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Best Lyricist – Telugu for "Srivalli" from ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]'' (2022)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanherald.com/dh-galleries/photos/siima-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-1144404#1|title= SIIMA 2022: Check full list of winners
|publisher= Deccan Herald |date=19 September 2022|access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref>

;[[National Film Awards]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]] for "Dham Dham Dham" from ''[[Konda Polam]]'' (2021)

;[[Critics' Choice Movie Awards]]
* [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Song]] for "Naatu Naatu" in ''RRR'' (2022)

;[[Golden Globe Awards]]
* [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song]] for "Naatu Naatu" in ''RRR'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrabose |url=https://live-gg-2021.pantheonsite.io/person/chandrabose |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Golden Globes |language=en}}</ref>

;[[Santosham Film Awards]]
* [[21st Santosham Film Awards|Best Lyricist]] for ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]'' (2022)
* [[22nd Santosham Film Awards|Best Lyricist]] for [[RRR (film)|''RRR'']] (2023)

;[[Doctorate]]
* [[Honorary Doctorate]] for ''[[Literature|Literary Arts]]'' in ''SR University'' (November 2023)

;Gurajada Visishta Puraskaram
* Gurajada Visishta Puraskaram award for ''[[Telugu Literature]]'' in ''Andhrapradesh'' (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurajada Visishta Puraskaram |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/gurajada-visishta-puraskaram-presented-to-lyric-writer-chandrabose-in-vizianagaram-of-andhra-pradesh/article67602190.ece |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

;Cannes World Film Festival
* Best Documentary Award for '' Oscar Challagariga'' (November 2023)

== Notable songs ==
* "Manchu Kondallona Chandramaa" - ''[[Taj Mahal (1995 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (1995)
* "Chai Chatukkuna Tagara Bhai" - ''[[Mrugaraju]]'' (2001)
* "Evaremi Anukunna" - ''[[Budget Padmanabham]]'' (2001)
* "Ekkado Putti Ekkado Perigi" - ''[[Student No.1]]'' (2001)
* "Nee Navvula Thelladanaanni" - ''[[Aadi (2002 film)|Aadi]]'' (2002)
* "Nuvvu Chudu Chudakapo" - ''[[Okato Number Kurraadu|Okato Number Kurradu]]'' (2002)
* "Telugu Bhasha Theeyadanam" in ''[[Neeku Nenu Naaku Nuvvu]]'' (2003)
* "Kodithe Kottali Ra Six Kottali" - [[Tagore (film)|''Tagore'']] (2003)
* "Cheekatito Veluge Cheppenu Nenunnanani" - ''[[Nenunnanu]]'' (2004)
* "Feel My Love" - ''[[Arya (2004 film)|Arya]]'' (2004)
* "Pedave Palikina" - ''[[Naani]]'' (2004)
* "Namasthe Namasthe Neeku Namasthe" - ''[[Samba (2004 film)|Samba]]'' (2004)
* "Chiraloni Goppatanam Telusuko" - ''[[Pallakilo Pellikoothuru|Pallakilo Pellikuthuru]]'' (2004)
* "Mounamgane Edagamani" - ''[[Naa Autograph]]'' (2004)
* "Inthe inthinthe inthe inthinthe" - ''[[Balu (film)|Balu]]'' (2005)
* "Jai Jai Ganesa Jai Kodatha Ganesa" - ''[[Jai Chiranjeeva]]'' (2005)
* "Panchadhara Bomma Bomma" - ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009)
* "Desamante Matham Kaadoy" - ''[[Jhummandi Naadam]]'' (2010)
* "Aakaasam Ammayaithe" - ''[[Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]'' (2012)
* "Sai Ante Thalli" - ''[[Shirdi Sai|Shiridi Sai]]'' (2012)
* "Lali Lali Jo Lali" - ''[[Damarukam]]'' (2012)
* "Sayonara Sayonara" - ''[[1: Nenokkadine]]'' (2014)
* "[[Jigelu Rani]]" - ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018)
* "Ee Sethithone" - ''Rangasthalam'' (2018)
* "Dham Dham Dham" - ''[[Konda Polam]]'' (2021)
* "[[Naatu Naatu]]" - ''[[RRR (film)|RRR]]'' (2022)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0151513|name=Chandrabose}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Chandrabose
|list =
{{National Film Award Best Lyrics}}
{{Academy Award Best Original Song}}
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Song}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu}}
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandrabose}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian male songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Best Lyrics National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Golden Globe Award–winning musicians]]
[[Category:Best Original Song Academy Award–winning songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]

Agra Cantonment–Hoshiarpur Express

2025-12-23T17:56:04Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Delhi–Hoshiarpur Express
| logo = Agra train.jpg
| image = Agra hoshiarpur.jpg
| image_width = 300
| caption = Agra Cantt–Hoshiarpur Express At [[Ambala Cantonment Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2013|10|05}}
| last =
| operator = [[North Central Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Agra Cantt Junction}} (AGC)
| stops = 17
| end = {{stnlnk|Hoshiarpur}} (HSX)
| distance = {{convert|412|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 14h 10m
| frequency = daily
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[ICF coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities = Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 14011/14012
| speed = {{convert|49|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The '''Agra Cantonment–Hoshiarpur Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to the [[North Central Railway zone]] that runs between [[Agra Cantonment railway station|Agra Cantt]] and {{stnlnk|Hoshiarpur}} in India. It is currently being operated with 11905/11906 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Khushwinder |title=11905/Agra Cantt. - Hoshiarpur Express - Agra Cantt. to Hoshiarpur NCR/North Central Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-agra-cantt-hoshiarpur-express-11905/14001/450/2705 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

== Service==

The 11905/Agra Cantt–Hoshiarpur Express has an average speed of 46 km/h and covers 651 km in 14h 10m. The 11906/Hoshiarpur–Agra Cantt Express has an average speed of 56 km/h and covers 651 km in 12h 25m.

== Route and stops ==

The important stops of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Panipat Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ambala Cantonment Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ludhiana Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Phagwara Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalandhar City Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hoshiarpur}}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard ICF rakes with a maximum speed of 110 km/h. The train consists of 17 coaches:

* 1 First AC and Second AC
* 1 AC II Tier
* 2 AC III Tier
* 5 Sleeper coaches
* 6 General
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Ghaziabad|Ghaziabad Loco Shed]]-based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP-5]] or [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] electric locomotive from [[Agra Cantonment railway station|Agra Cantt]] to [[Jalandhar]] and then by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Ludhiana|Ludhiana Loco Shed]]-based [[WDM-3A]] diesel locomotive until Hoshiarpur and back.

==Direction reversal==

The train reverses its direction once:

* {{stnlnk|Jalandhar City Junction}}

== See also ==

* [[Old Delhi railway station]]
* [[Hoshiarpur railway station]]
* [[Hoshiarpur–Jalandhar City Passenger]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/14001 14011/Delhi–Hoshiarpur Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/14009 14012/Hoshiarpur–Delhi Express]

{{Railways in Eastern India}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Delhi-Hoshiarpur Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2013]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)

2025-12-10T10:29:32Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{Short description|Government ministry of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2013}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Ministry of Civil Aviation
| seal = Government of India logo.svg
| seal_width = 100px
| seal_caption = Branch of Government of India
| logo = Ministry of Civil Aviation India.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_caption = Ministry of Civil Aviation
| formed = {{start date and age|1947|df=yes}}
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]
| headquarters = [[Rajiv Gandhi Bhawan]] [[New Delhi]]
| minister1_name = [[Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu]]
| minister1_pfo = Union Cabinet Minister
| minister2_name = [[Murlidhar Mohol|Murlidhar Kisan Mohol]]
| minister2_pfo = Minister of State
| website = {{URL|https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/}}
| employees =
| budget = {{INRConvert|3113.50|c}} (2023–24 est.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe95.pdf |title=Budget data |date=2019 |website=indiabudget.gov.in |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304170727/http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe95.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| chief1_name =
| chief1_position = [[Samir Kumar Sinha]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| parent_department =
}}

The '''Ministry of Civil Aviation''' ({{Transliteration|hi|Naagar Vimaan Mantraalay}}) in India is the nodal ministry responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for the development and regulation of civil aviation. It devises and implements schemes for the orderly growth and expansion of civil air transport in the country. The mandate of this ministry also extend to overseeing airport facilities, air traffic services and carriage of passengers and goods by air. The ministry also administers the implementation of the [[Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024]], Aircraft Rules, 1937 and is administratively responsible for the [[Commission of Railway Safety]].

==Organisation==
The ministry has under its [[ownership]] the following central government establishments:

===Statutory bodies===

* [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] (DGCA)<ref name="Ministryinfo">"[http://india.gov.in/sectors/transport/ministry_civilaviation.php Ministry of Civil Aviation]." Government of India. Retrieved on 20 February 2012.</ref>
* [[Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (India)|Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau]] (AAIB)
* [[Bureau of Civil Aviation Security]] (BCAS)
* [[Airports Economic Regulatory Authority]] (AERA)
*[[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI)<ref name="Ministryinfo" />

===Attached offices===
*[[Commission of Railway Safety]]<ref name="Commission of Railway Safety">"[http://civilaviation.gov.in/CRSS/Commission%20of%20Railway%20Safety.html Commission of Railway Safety] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029073620/http://civilaviation.gov.in/CRSS/Commission%20of%20Railway%20Safety.html |date=29 October 2012 }}." Ministry of Civil Aviation. Retrieved on 19 February 2012.</ref> - The commission is the rail safety authority in India, as directed by the 1989 Railways Act. The agency investigates rail accidents.<ref name="Commission of Railway Safety" />

===Training institutions===
*[[Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi]] (IGRUA)<ref name="Ministryinfo"/>
*[[Rajiv Gandhi National Aviation University|National Aviation University]] (NAU)

===Central Public Sector Undertakings===
#[[Pawan Hans]]
#AI Assets Holding Limited
#Hotel Corporation of India Limited, a subsidiary of AI Assets Holding Ltd.
#AI Engineering Services Limited [http://www.aiesl.in/ Official Website]

==Aircraft projects==
*[[Civil Aviation Department RG-1 Rohini]]
*[[Civil Aviation Department MG-1]]
*[[Civil Aviation Department Mrigasheer]]
*[[Civil Aviation Department Revathi]]
*[[Hindustan Ardhra]]

== Cabinet ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:8em"| From
! style="width:8em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister in the Department of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Communications
|-
! 1
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Hari Vinayak Pataskar Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Hari Vinayak Pataskar]]''' {{small|(1892{{ndash}}1970) MP for [[Jalgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Jalgaon]]}} (MoS)
| 7 December 1956
| 16 April 1957
| '''{{ayd|7 Dec 1956|16 Apr 1957}}'''
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| style="width:9em"| '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'''
|-
! colspan="11"| {{nobold|''Ministry disestablished during this interval''}}{{efn|The matters pertaining to the Department of Civil Aviation were placed under the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Ministry of Transport and Communications]] from 1957 till 1963 and thereupon under the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Ministry of Transport]] from 1963.}}
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Civil Aviation
|-
! 2
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Satya Narayan Sinha portrait.gif|70px]]
| '''[[Satya Narayan Sinha]]''' {{small|(1900{{ndash}}1983) MP for [[Samastipur Lok Sabha constituency|Samastipur]]}}
| 9 June 1964
| 13 June 1964
| '''{{ayd|9 Jun 1964|13 Jun 1964}}'''
| rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="3"| '''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]'''
|-
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Nityanand Kanungo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Nityanand Kanungo]]''' {{small|(1900{{ndash}}1988) MP for [[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]}} (MoS)
| 13 June 1964
| 31 July 1965
| '''{{ayd|13 Jun 1964|31 Jul 1965}}'''
|-
! rowspan="2"| 4
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Raj Bahadur 2013 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Raj Bahadur]]''' {{small|(1912{{ndash}}1990) MP for [[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]]}}
| 31 July 1965
| 11 January 1966
| rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|31 Jul 1965|11 Jan 1966}}'''
|-
| 11 January 1966
| 24 January 1966
| [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| '''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''
|-
! colspan="11"| {{nobold|''Ministry disestablished during this interval''}}{{efn|The Ministry of Civil Aviation was merged with the Ministry of Transport and Aviation.}}
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation
|-
! rowspan="2"| 5
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Dr-Karan-Singh-sept2009.jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Karan Singh]]''' {{small|(born 1931) MP for [[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]}}
| 16 March 1967
| 18 March 1971
| rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|16 Mar 1967|18 Mar 1971}}'''
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| rowspan="4" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="4"| '''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| 18 March 1971
| 9 November 1973
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
|-
! (4)
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:Raj Bahadur 2013 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Raj Bahadur]]''' {{small|(1912{{ndash}}1990) MP for [[Bharatpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bharatpur]]}}
| 9 November 1973
| 22 December 1976
| '''{{ayd|9 Nov 1973|22 Dec 1976}}'''
|-
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:Kotha Raghuramaiah.png|70px]]
| '''[[Kotha Raghuramaiah]]''' {{small|(1912{{ndash}}1979) MP for [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]}}
| 23 December 1976
| 24 March 1977
| '''{{ayd|23 Dec 1976|24 Mar 1977}}'''
|-
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Purushottam Kaushik Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Purushottam Kaushik]]''' {{small|(1930{{ndash}}2017) MP for [[Raipur Lok Sabha constituency|Raipur]]}}
| 26 March 1977
| 15 July 1979
| '''{{ayd|26 Mar 1977|15 Jul 1979}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Morarji Desai ministry|Desai]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Morarji Desai]]'''
|-
! {{ndash}}
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Morarji Desai visits the USA (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Morarji Desai]]''' {{small|(1896–1995) MP for [[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 16 July 1979
| 28 July 1979
| '''{{ayd|1979|7|16|1979|7|28}}'''
|-
! 8
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
| [[File:Mohammad Shafi Qureshi, Governor of Madhya Pradesh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Mohammad Shafi Qureshi]]''' {{small|(1928{{ndash}}2016) MP for [[Anantnag Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag]]}}
| 30 July 1979
| 14 January 1980
| '''{{ayd|30 Jul 1979|14 Jan 1980}}'''
| [[Janata Party (Secular)]]
| [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
| '''[[Charan Singh]]'''
|-
! 9
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Assam Governor Janaki Ballabh Patnaik at Platinum Jubilee of Assam Legislative Assembly (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]''' {{small|(1927{{ndash}}2015) MP for [[Cuttack Lok Sabha constituency|Cuttack]]}}
| 14 January 1980
| 7 June 1980
| '''{{ayd|14 Jan 1980|7 Jun 1980}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''
|-
! 10
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Anant Sharma Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Anant Sharma]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}1988) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Bihar]]}}
| 8 June 1980
| 2 September 1982
| '''{{ayd|8 Jun 1980|2 Sep 1982}}'''
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Civil Aviation
|-
! 11
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Bhagwat Jha Azad.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Bhagwat Jha Azad]]''' {{small|(1922{{ndash}}2011) MP for [[Bhagalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bhagalpur]]}} (MoS, I/C)
| 2 September 1982
| 14 February 1983
| '''{{ayd|2 Sep 1982|14 Feb 1983}}'''
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| '''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation
|-
! rowspan="2"| 12
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Khurshed Alam Khan (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Khurshed Alam Khan]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}2013) MP for [[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency|Farrukhabad]]}} (MoS, I/C)
| 14 February 1983
| 31 October 1984
| rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|14 Feb 1983|26 Dec 1984}}'''
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| '''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''
|-
| 4 November 1984
| 31 December 1984
| [[First Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv I]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''
|-
! {{ndash}}
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:RajivGandhi.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]''' {{small|(1944{{ndash}}1991) MP for [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 31 December 1984
| 25 September 1985
| '''{{ayd|31 Dec 1984|25 Sep 1985}}'''
| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
|-
! colspan="11"| {{nobold|''Ministry disestablished during this interval''}}{{efn|The Ministry of Civil Aviation was merged into the Ministry of Transport as the Department of Civil Aviation.}}
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Civil Aviation
|-
! 13
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Jagdish Tytler in Mumbai on January 6, 2005.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Jagdish Tytler]]''' {{small|(born 1944) MP for [[Delhi Sadar Lok Sabha constituency|Delhi Sadar]]}} (MoS, I/C)
| 22 October 1986
| 14 February 1988
| '''{{ayd|22 Oct 1986|14 Feb 1988}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''
|-
! 14
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Motilal Vora.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Motilal Vora]]''' {{small|(1928{{ndash}}2020) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Madhya Pradesh]]}}
| 14 February 1988
| 25 June 1988
| '''{{ayd|14 Feb 1988|25 Jun 1988}}'''
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism
|-
! 15
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Shivraj Patil in pensive mood at the inauguration of the one day Seminar on “The Role of Media in Bringing Parliament Closer to the People”.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Shivraj Patil]]''' {{small|(born 1935) MP for [[Latur Lok Sabha constituency|Latur]]}} (MoS, I/C)
| 25 June 1988
| 2 December 1989
| '''{{ayd|25 Jun 1988|2 Dec 1989}}'''
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| '''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Civil Aviation
|-
! {{ndash}}
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[V. P. Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]''' {{small|(1931{{ndash}}2008) MP for [[Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency|Fatehpur]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 2 December 1989
| 5 December 1989
| '''{{ayd|1989|12|2|1989|12|5}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="2"| [[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="2"| '''[[V. P. Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]'''
|-
! 16
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:Kerala Governor Khan during an inaugural function in 2023.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Arif Mohammad Khan]]''' {{small|(born 1951) MP for [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency|Bahraich]]}}
| 6 December 1989
| 10 November 1990
| '''{{ayd|1989|12|6|1990|11|10}}'''
|-
! 17
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
| [[File:No image.svg|70px]]
| '''[[Harmohan Dhawan]]''' {{small|(1940{{ndash}}2024) MP for [[Chandigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Chandigarh]]}} (MoS, I/C)
| 21 November 1990
| 21 June 1991
| '''{{ayd|21 Nov 1990|21 Jun 1991}}'''
| [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| [[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Chandra Shekhar]]
| style="background:{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
| '''[[Chandra Shekhar]]'''
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism
|-
! 18
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Madhavrao Scindia 2005 stamp of India.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Madhavrao Scindia]]''' {{small|(1945{{ndash}}2001) MP for [[Gwalior Lok Sabha constituency|Gwalior]]}}
| 21 June 1991
| 9 January 1993
| '''{{ayd|21 Jun 1991|9 Jan 1993}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| '''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''
|-
! 19
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Ghulam Nabi Azad at Healthcare Skill Summit 2013 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]''' {{small|(born 1949) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Maharashtra]]}}
| 9 January 1993
| 16 May 1996
| '''{{ayd|9 Jan 1993|16 May 1996}}'''
|-
! 20
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Danajaya kumar001.png|70px]]
| '''[[V. Dhananjay Kumar]]''' {{small|(1951{{ndash}}2019) MP for [[Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency|Mangalore]]}}
| 16 May 1996
| 1 June 1996
| '''{{ayd|16 May 1996|1 Jun 1996}}'''
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[First Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee I]]
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''
|-
! 21
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:C. M. Ibrahim (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[C. M. Ibrahim]]''' {{small|(born 1948) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}}
| 1 June 1996
| 29 June 1996
| '''{{ayd|1 Jun 1996|29 Jun 1996}}'''
| rowspan="9"| [[Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="5"| [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]]
| rowspan="5" style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="5"| '''[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]'''
|-
! colspan="4"| Minister in the Department of Civil Aviation
| rowspan="4"| 29 June 1996
| rowspan="4"| 21 April 1997
| rowspan="4"| '''{{ayd|29 Jun 1996|21 Apr 1997}}'''
|-
! 21A
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:C. M. Ibrahim (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[C. M. Ibrahim]]''' {{small|(born 1948) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}}
|-
! colspan="4"| Minister in the Department of Tourism
|-
! 21B
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:Srikant Kumar Jena addressing in New Delhi on November 18, 2013 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Srikant Kumar Jena]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MP for [[Kendrapara Lok Sabha constituency|Kendrapara]]}}
|-
! colspan="4"| Minister in the Department of Civil Aviation
| rowspan="4"| 21 April 1997
| rowspan="4"| 19 March 1998
| rowspan="4"| '''{{ayd|21 Apr 1997|19 Mar 1998}}'''
| rowspan="4"| [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
| rowspan="4" style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="4"| '''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]'''
|-
! (21A)
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:C. M. Ibrahim (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[C. M. Ibrahim]]''' {{small|(born 1948) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}}
|-
! colspan="4"| Minister in the Department of Tourism
|-
! (21B)
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:Srikant Kumar Jena addressing in New Delhi on November 18, 2013 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Srikant Kumar Jena]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MP for [[Kendrapara Lok Sabha constituency|Kendrapara]]}}
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of Civil Aviation
|-
! 22
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:The Leader of Opposition, BThe Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers, Shri Ananthkumar, in New Delhi on January 08, 2015 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ananth Kumar]]''' {{small|(1959{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore South]]}}
| 19 March 1998
| 13 October 1999
| '''{{ayd|19 Mar 1998|13 Oct 1999}}'''
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]]
| rowspan="4" style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="4"| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''
|-
! 23
| style="background:{{party color|Samata Party}}"|
| [[File:Sharadyadavjdu.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Sharad Yadav]]''' {{small|(1947{{ndash}}2023) MP for [[Madhepura Lok Sabha constituency|Madhepura]]}}
| 13 October 1999
| 1 September 2001
| '''{{ayd|13 Oct 1999|1 Sep 2001}}'''
| [[Samata Party]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]
|-
! 24
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Syed Shahnawaz Hussain (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Syed Shahnawaz Hussain]]''' {{small|(born 1968) MP for [[Kishanganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kishanganj]]}}
| 1 September 2001
| 24 May 2003
| '''{{ayd|1 Sep 2001|24 May 2003}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 25
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Rajiv Pratap Rudy PIB (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]]''' {{small|(born 1962) MP for [[Chapra Lok Sabha constituency|Chapra]]}} (MoS, I/C)
| 24 May 2003
| 22 May 2004
| '''{{ayd|24 May 2003|22 May 2004}}'''
|-
! rowspan="2"| 26
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Praful Patel assuming charge as Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises in January 2011 (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Praful Patel]]''' {{small|(born 1957) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Maharashtra]]}} (MoS, I/C)
| 23 May 2004
| 22 May 2009
| rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|23 May 2004|13 Jan 2011}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| rowspan="4" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="4"| '''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''
|-
| 28 May 2009
| 19 January 2011
| rowspan="3"| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|-
! 27
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Vayalar Ravi-crop.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Vayalar Ravi]]''' {{small|(born 1937) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Kerala]]}}
| 19 January 2011
| 18 December 2011
| '''{{ayd|19 Jan 2011|18 Dec 2011}}'''
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! 28
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}"|
| [[File:Ajit Singh at press conference.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]]''' {{small|(1939{{ndash}}2021) MP for [[Baghpat Lok Sabha constituency|Baghpat]]}}
| 18 December 2011
| 26 May 2014
| '''{{ayd|18 Dec 2011|26 May 2014}}'''
| [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|-
! 29
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
| [[File:Ashok Gajapathi Raju (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]''' {{small|(born 1951) MP for [[Vizianagaram Lok Sabha constituency|Vizianagaram]]}}
| 27 May 2014
| 9 March 2018
| '''{{ayd|27 May 2014|9 Mar 2018}}'''
| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| rowspan="3"| [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]
| rowspan="7" style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="7"| '''[[Narendra Modi]]'''
|-
! {{ndash}}
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:PM Modi 2015.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MP for [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 9 March 2018
| 10 March 2018
| '''{{ayd|9 Mar 2018|10 Mar 2018}}'''
| rowspan="4"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! 30
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Suresh Prabhu (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Suresh Prabhu]]''' {{small|(born 1953) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Andhra Pradesh]]}}
| 10 March 2018
| 30 May 2019
| '''{{ayd|10 Mar 2018|30 May 2019}}'''
|-
! 31
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Shri Hardeep Singh Puri in July 2021.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Hardeep Singh Puri]]''' {{small|(born 1952) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Uttar Pradesh]]}} (MoS, I/C)
| 31 May 2019
| 7 July 2021
| '''{{ayd|31 May 2019|7 Jul 2021}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|-
! 32
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Shri Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]''' {{small|(born 1971) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Madhya Pradesh]]}}
| 7 July 2021
| 9 June 2024
| '''{{ayd|7 Jul 2021|9 June 2024}}'''
|-
! 33
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
| [[File:Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ram Mohan Naidu Kinjarapu|Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu]]''' {{small|(born 1987) MP for [[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Srikakulam]]}}
| 10 June 2024
| Incumbent
| '''{{ayd|10 June 2024|}}'''
| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|-
|}

== Ministers of State ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:8em"| From
! style="width:8em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of State for Tourism and Civil Aviation
|-
! 1
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}"|
| [[File:Sarojini Mahishi portrait.gif|70px]]
| '''[[Sarojini Mahishi]]''' {{small|(1927{{ndash}}2015) MP for [[Dharwad North Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad North]]}}
| 2 May 1971
| 10 October 1974
| '''{{ayd|2 May 1971|10 Oct 1974}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="2" style="width:9em"| '''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''
|-
! 2
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Surendra Pal Singh portrait.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Surendra Pal Singh (politician)|Surendra Pal Singh]]''' {{small|(1917{{ndash}}2009) MP for [[Bulandshahr Lok Sabha constituency|Bulandshahr]]}}
| 10 October 1974
| 23 December 1976
| '''{{ayd|10 Oct 1974|23 Dec 1976}}'''
|-
! colspan="11"|
|-
! 3
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}"|
| [[File:No image.svg|70px]]
| '''[[P. Ankineedu Prasada Rao]]''' {{small|(1929{{ndash}}1997) MP for [[Bapatla Lok Sabha constituency|Bapatla]]}}
| 4 August 1979
| 27 November 1979
| '''{{ayd|4 Aug 1979|27 Nov 1979}}'''
| [[Indian National Congress (U)]]
| [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
| '''[[Charan Singh]]'''
|-
! colspan="11"|
|-
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Karthik Oraon (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Kartik Oraon]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}1981) MP for [[Lohardaga Lok Sabha constituency|Lohardaga]]}}
| 14 January 1980
| 8 June 1980
| '''{{ayd|14 Jan 1980|8 Jun 1980}}'''
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="3"| '''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''
|-
! 5
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:No image.svg|70px]]
| '''[[Chandulal Chandrakar]]''' {{small|(1920{{ndash}}1995) MP for [[Durg Lok Sabha constituency|Durg]]}}
| 8 June 1980
| 15 January 1982
| '''{{ayd|8 Jun 1980|15 Jan 1982}}'''
|-
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Khurshed Alam Khan (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Khurshed Alam Khan]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}2013) MP for [[Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency|Farrukhabad]]}}
| 15 January 1982
| 2 September 1982
| '''{{ayd|15 Jan 1982|2 Sep 1982}}'''
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of State for Tourism and Civil Aviation
|-
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Ashok Gehlot 2012.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ashok Gehlot]]''' {{small|(born 1951) MP for [[Jodhpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jodhpur]]}}
| 31 December 1984
| 24 August 1985
| '''{{ayd|31 Dec 1984|24 Aug 1985}}'''
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| '''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of State for Civil Aviation and Tourism
|-
! 8
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:M. O. H. Farook.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[M. O. H. Farook]]''' {{small|(1937{{ndash}}2012) MP for [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency|Pondicherry]]}}
| 21 June 1991
| 2 July 1992
| '''{{ayd|21 Jun 1991|2 Jul 1992}}'''
| rowspan="6"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="6"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="6" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| rowspan="6"| '''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''
|-
! colspan="7"| Minister of State in the Department of Civil Aviation
|-
! (8)
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:M. O. H. Farook.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[M. O. H. Farook]]''' {{small|(1937{{ndash}}2012) MP for [[Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency|Pondicherry]]}}
| 2 July 1992
| 17 January 1996
| '''{{ayd|2 Jul 1992|17 Jan 1996}}'''
|-
! 9B
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:No image.svg|70px]]
| '''[[G. Y. Krishnan]]''' {{small|(1929{{ndash}}2001) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}}
| 15 September 1995
| 16 May 1996
| '''{{ayd|15 Sep 1995|16 May 1996}}'''
|-
! colspan="7"| Minister of State in the Department of Tourism
|-
! 9A
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
| [[File:Sukhbans Kaur Bhinder Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Sukhbans Kaur Bhinder]]''' {{small|(1943{{ndash}}2006) MP for [[Gurdaspur Lok Sabha constituency|Gurdaspur]]}}
| 2 July 1992
| 16 May 1996
| '''{{ayd|2 Jul 1992|16 May 1996}}'''
|-
! colspan="11"| Minister of State for Civil Aviation
|-
! 10
| style="background:{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)}}"|
| [[File:Jayanthi Natarajan in 2012 (cropped).png|70px]]
| '''[[Jayanthi Natarajan]]''' {{small|(born 1954) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Tamil Nadu]]}}
| 9 June 1997
| 19 March 1998
| '''{{ayd|9 Jun 1997|19 Mar 1998}}'''
| [[Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)]]
| [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| '''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]'''
|-
! 11
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:No image.svg|70px]]
| '''[[Chaman Lal Gupta]]''' {{small|(1934{{ndash}}2021) MP for [[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]}}
| 13 October 1999
| 1 September 2001
| '''{{ayd|13 Oct 1999|1 Sep 2001}}'''
| rowspan="3"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="3"| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''
|-
! colspan="7"|
|-
! 12
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Shripad Yasso Naik - Kolkata 2014-10-12 7755.JPG|70px]]
| '''[[Shripad Naik]]''' {{small|(born 1952) MP for [[North Goa Lok Sabha constituency|Panaji]]}}
| 1 July 2002
| 24 May 2003
| '''{{ayd|1 Jul 2002|24 May 2003}}'''
|-
! colspan="11"|
|-
! 13
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:K.C. Venugopal.JPG|70px]]
| '''[[K. C. Venugopal]]''' {{small|(born 1963) MP for [[Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency|Alappuzha]]}}
| 28 October 2012
| 26 May 2014
| '''{{ayd|28 Oct 2012|26 May 2014}}'''
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| '''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''
|-
! colspan="11"|
|-
! 14
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:G. M. Siddeshwara (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[G. M. Siddeshwara]]''' {{small|(born 1952) MP for [[Davanagere Lok Sabha constituency|Davanagere]]}}
| 26 May 2014
| 9 November 2014
| '''{{ayd|26 May 2014|9 Nov 2014}}'''
| rowspan="3"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="3"| [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]
| rowspan="6" style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="6"| '''[[Narendra Modi]]'''
|-
! 15
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Mahesh Sharma January 2015.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Mahesh Sharma]]''' {{small|(born 1959) MP for [[Gautam Buddh Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gautam Buddh Nagar]]}}
| 9 November 2014
| 5 July 2016
| '''{{ayd|9 Nov 2014|5 Jul 2016}}'''
|-
! 16
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:JayantSinha.JPG|70px]]
| '''[[Jayant Sinha]]''' {{small|(born 1963) MP for [[Hazaribagh Lok Sabha constituency|Hazaribagh]]}}
| 5 July 2016
| 30 May 2019
| '''{{ayd|5 Jul 2016|30 May 2019}}'''
|-
! colspan="9"|
|-
! 17
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:India's Minister of State for External Affairs Vijay Kumar Singh (15760995677) (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| {{small|General}} '''[[V. K. Singh]]''' {{small|(Retd.)}} {{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM|AVSM|YSM|ADC}} {{small|(born 1950) MP for [[Ghaziabad Lok Sabha constituency|Ghaziabad]]}}
| 7 July 2021
| 10 June 2024
| '''{{ayd|2021|7|7}}'''
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|-
! 18
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Murlidhar Mohol.png|70px]]
| '''[[Murlidhar Mohol]]''' {{small|(born 1974) MP for [[Pune Lok Sabha constituency|Pune]]}}
| 10 June 2024
| Incumbent
| '''{{ayd|2024|6|9}}'''
| [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|-
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Aviation}}
* [[Aviation in India]]
* [[DigiYatra]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}

{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{Union ministries of India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)| ]]
[[Category:Government ministries of India|Civil Aviation]]

Hockey India

2025-11-28T16:22:09Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: added references

{{Short description|Governing body of Field Hockey in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox sport governing body
|name = Hockey India
|abbrev =
|logo = Hockey India Logo.svg
|sport = [[Field hockey]]
|category =
|image =
|caption =
|jurisdiction = {{IND}}
|founded = {{start date and age|2009|df=yes}}
|aff = [[International Hockey Federation]]
|affdate = 2017
|region = [[Asian Hockey Federation]]
|regionyear = 2011
|headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
|president = [[Dilip Tirkey]]
|chairman =
|chairperson =
|chiefexec =
|vicepresident = {{ubl
| Nitin Kohli
}}
|director =
|secretary = Bhola Nath Singh
|coach = {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Craig Fulton]]
|womenscoach = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harendra Singh]]
|sponsor =
|url = https://hockeyindia.org/
|countryflag = India
|replaced = {{ubl
| [[Indian Hockey Federation]]
| (1925–2008)
}}
|membership =
}}

'''Hockey India''' plans, directs and conducts all the activities for both men's and women's [[field hockey]] in [[India]]. It is recognized by the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]], [[Government of India]] as the sole body responsible towards promoting [[field hockey in India|the sport]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lawinsport.com/blogs/indian-sports-law/item/hockey-india-gets-recognition-indian-boxing-federation-suspended-bidding-opens-for-indian-super-league-and-no-f1-race-in-2015|title=Hockey India Gets Recognition|access-date=7 October 2021|archive-date=7 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707045314/https://www.lawinsport.com/blogs/indian-sports-law/item/hockey-india-gets-recognition-indian-boxing-federation-suspended-bidding-opens-for-indian-super-league-and-no-f1-race-in-2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It was formed after the [[Indian Hockey Federation]] was dismissed in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://playthegame.org/news/news-articles/2008/indian-hockey-federation-suspended-after-bribery-scandal/|title=Indian Hockey Federation suspended after bribery scandal|access-date=7 October 2021|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007154901/https://playthegame.org/news/news-articles/2008/indian-hockey-federation-suspended-after-bribery-scandal/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Hockey India was established on 20 May 2009 and is affiliated to the [[International Hockey Federation]] (FIH), the [[Indian Olympic Association]] (IOA) and the [[Asian Hockey Federation]] (AHF).

Hockey India, with the assistance of the [[Sports Authority of India]] and Department of Sports, trains players at sub-junior, junior and senior level. The governing body is responsible for training the coaches, as well as educating and equipping technical officials and [[umpire (field hockey)|umpires]].

Hockey India launched its own [[logo]] in a [[ceremony]] on 24 July 2008. It resembles [[Ashok Chakra]] of [[Indian flag]]. It is made up of [[field hockey stick|hockey sticks]].<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.hockeyindia.org/photos/hockey-india-league-logo-launch|title= Hockey India League Logo Launch|date= 28 September 2012|access-date= 7 October 2021|archive-date= 7 October 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211007160409/https://www.hockeyindia.org/photos/hockey-india-league-logo-launch|url-status= live}}</ref>

Hockey India manages four squads that represent India in [[international field hockey]]: the [[India men's national field hockey team]], the [[India women's national field hockey team]], the [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team]], and the [[India women's national under-21 field hockey team]].

==Member units==
Hockey India's Member Units are divided into four separate categories, namely Permanent Members, Associate Members, Academy Members and Hockey Members.<ref>{{cite web |title=Member Units Detail |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/about-hi/member-units/member-units-detail |website=Hockey India |access-date=11 February 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211111217/https://www.hockeyindia.org/about-hi/member-units/member-units-detail |url-status=live }}</ref>

===State and UT hockey associations===
* Hockey Andaman and Nicobar
* Hockey Andhra Pradesh
* Hockey Arunachal
* [[Assam Hockey]]
* Hockey Bengal
* [[Hockey Association of Bihar]]
* Hockey Chandigarh
* Hockey Chhattisgarh
* Dadra & Nagar and Haveli & Daman & Diu Hockey
* Delhi Hockey
* Goans Hockey
* Hockey Gujarat
* Hockey Haryana
* Hockey Himachal
* Hockey Jammu and Kashmir
* Hockey Jharkhand
* Hockey Karnataka
* Hockey Kerala
* Hockey Madhya Pradesh
* Hockey Maharashtra
* Manipur Hockey
* Hockey Mizoram
* Hockey Nagaland
* [[Hockey Association of Odisha]]
* Le Puducherry Hockey
* Hockey Punjab
* Hockey Rajasthan
* Hockey Unit of Tamil Nadu
* Hockey Telengana
* Tripura Hockey
* Uttar Pradesh Hockey
* Hockey Uttarakhand

==Competitions==
===Hockey India National Championships===
These National Championships are divided into two divisions, to ensure that participating teams are competing in a fair, equal environment, and against teams with similar level of skills.

Below is the list of National Championships that Hockey India conducts every season:

* Hockey India Senior Men National Championship
* Hockey India Senior Women National Championship
* Hockey India Junior Men National Championship
* Hockey India Junior Women National Championship
* Hockey India Sub-Junior Men National Championship
* Hockey India Sub-Junior Women National Championship
* Hockey India 5-a-side National Championship (Women)
* Hockey India 5-a-side National Championship (Men)
* Hockey India 5-a-side National Championship (Mixed)

===Leagues===
* [[Hockey India League]]

===All India Hockey Tournaments===
* [[Beighton Cup]]
* [[Senior Nehru Hockey Tournament]]
* [[Surjit Memorial Hockey Tournament]]
* All India MCC Murugappa Gold Cup Hockey Tournament
* All India Obaidullah Khan Gold Cup Hockey Tournament
* Lal Bahadur Shastri Hockey Tournament
* All India Scindia Gold Cup Hockey Tournament
* All India Swami Shradhanand Hockey Tournament
* All India Guru Teg Bahadur Gold Cup Hockey Tournament
* Mahant Raja Sarwesjwardas Memorial All India Tournament
* All India Guru Gobind Singh Gold Cup Hockey Tournament
* All India Trades Cup Hockey Tournament
* All India Police Hockey Championship
* Aga Khan Hockey Tournament
* All India K.D Singh Babu Memorial Invitation Prize Money Hockey Tournament
* Lychettira Hockey Cup/Kodava Hockey Festival
* [[Bombay Gold Cup]]
* Liberals All India Hockey Tournament

==Executive board members==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
The following are the members of the executive board of Hockey India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/f7/5c/83/77ff71ab-f227-44e2-87d3-872b616c01fd.pdf|title=Elections of Office Bearers and Members of the Executive Board, 2022|website=Hockey India|date=23 September 2022|access-date=24 September 2022|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924161220/https://www.hockeyindia.org/static-assets/waf-images/uploadfile/f7/5c/83/77ff71ab-f227-44e2-87d3-872b616c01fd.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/dilip-tirkey-becomes-first-player-president-of-hockey-india/articleshow/94399458.cms|title=Dilip Tirkey becomes first player-president of Hockey India|website=The Times of India|date=23 September 2022|access-date=24 September 2022|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924055131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/dilip-tirkey-becomes-first-player-president-of-hockey-india/articleshow/94399458.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/dilip-tirkey-elected-new-hockey-india-president/cid/1888370|title=Dilip Tirkey elected new Hockey India president|website=The Telegraph|date=23 September 2022|access-date=24 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923140535/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/dilip-tirkey-elected-new-hockey-india-president/cid/1888370|url-status=live}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
!Name
!Position
|-
|[[Dilip Tirkey]]
|President
|-
|Asima Ali
|Vice president
|-
|SVS Subramanya Gupta
|Vice president
|-
|Bhola Nath Singh
|Secretary general
|-
|Sekar J. Manoharan
|Treasurer
|-
|Arti SIngh
|Joint secretary
|-
|Sunil Malik
|Joint secretary
|-
|Arun Kumar Saraswat
|Executive board member
|-
|[[Asrita Lakra]]
|Executive board member
|-
|Gurpreet Kaur
|Executive board member
|-
|V Sunil Kumar
|Executive board member
|-
|Tapan Kumar Das
|Executive board member
|}
{{col-2}}

===Officers and employees===
The following are the officers and employees of Hockey India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Officers and Employees |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/about-hi/rti |website=Hockey India |access-date=24 September 2022 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924164816/https://www.hockeyindia.org/about-hi/rti |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Vacant'' – CEO
* Cdr R. K. Srivastava – Director General
* B. N. Bhushan – Director
* Ranjit Gill – Director
* Kuldeep Singh – Joint Director
* Rakesh Kumar – Joint Director
* Ahad Azim – Joint Director
* Mahender Singh Negi – Assistant Manager - Purchase & administration
* Bhupender Singh – Assistant manager coordination
* Ankit Walia – Assistant manager coordination
* Priyanka Yadav – P.A. to CEO
* Vaishali Rathore – Senior officer coordination
* Bhagyashree Das – Officer coordination
* Vishal Sengar – Officer coordination
* Akash Choubey – Officer coordination
* Amit Rai – IT Executive
* Manohar Lal – Office assistant
* Davender Kumar Sharma – Project manager - CSR
{{col-end}}

==Past office bearers==
===Presidents===
The following is a list of presidents of Indian Hockey Federation<ref>{{cite book |title=Portrait Of Indian Sport |url=https://archive.org/details/portraitofinidan00anth |publisher=Macmillan |last1=D'Mello |first1=Anthony |page=83 |date=1959 |access-date=5 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Us - History |url=http://indiahockey.org/aboutus_history.php |website=indiahockey.org |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123040837/http://indiahockey.org/aboutus_history.php |archive-date=23 January 2009 }}</ref> and Hockey India:<ref>{{cite web |title=HOCKEY INDIA OFFICER BEARERS SINCE FORMATION |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/about-hi/executive-board |website=Hockey India |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008200513/https://www.hockeyindia.org/about-hi/executive-board |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
! Presidents !! Tenure
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''[[Indian Hockey Federation]] (1925–2008)'''
|-
| Col. Bruce Turnbull<ref name="bh">{{cite web |title=How The Indian Hockey Federation Was Formed |url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/calendar/calbulletins.asp?year=2020&mon=dec&bkmark=IHF |website=Bharatiya Hockey |access-date=24 September 2022 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924232055/http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/calendar/calbulletins.asp?year=2020&mon=dec&bkmark=IHF |url-status=live }}</ref> || 1925 – 1927
|-
| Major Ian Burn-Murdoch<ref name="bh"/> || 1927 – 1930
|-
| R. E. Powell || 1930 – 1931
|-
| A. M. Hayman || 1931 – 1934
|-
| [[Joseph William Bhore]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Hockey Champions 1936 |url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/granthalaya/champions/preOlympics/page4.htm |website=Bharatiya Hockey |access-date=24 September 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412151256/http://bharatiyahockey.org/granthalaya/champions/preOlympics/page4.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> || 1934 – 1935
|-
| Kunwar Jagdish Prasad || 1935 – 1936
|-
| N. N. Sircar || 1936 – 1938
|-
| Mohd. Zaffurullah Khan || 1938 – 1939
|-
| [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]] || 1939 – 1944
|-
| Azizul Haque || 1944 – 1946
|-
| [[Naval Tata]] || 1946 – 1958
|-
| Ashwini Kumar<ref>{{cite web |title=A sports lover's century |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/a-sports-lovers-century/article33422896.ece |website=The Hindu |last=Bala |first=Vijayan |date=27 December 2020 |access-date=24 September 2022 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928020913/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/a-sports-lovers-century/article33422896.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> || 1958 – 1974
|-
| [[M. A. M. Ramaswamy]] || 1974 – 1980
|-
| I. M. Mahajan || 1980 – 1983
|-
| Raja Bhupinder Singh || 1983 – 1985
|-
| [[M. A. M. Ramaswamy]] || 1985 – 1987
|-
| R. Prasad || 1987 – 1994
|-
| [[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill|K. P. S. Gill]] || 1994 – 2008
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''Hockey India (since 2009)'''
|-
| A. K. Mattoo || 2009 – 2010
|-
| [[Vidya Stokes]] || 2010
|-
| [[Narinder Dhruv Batra]] ''(interim)'' || 2010
|-
| Mariamma Koshy || 2010 – 2014
|-
| [[Narinder Dhruv Batra]] || 2014 – 2016
|-
| Mariamma Koshy || 2016 – 2018
|-
| Rajinder Singh ''(Interim)'' || 2018
|-
| Mohd Mushtaque Ahmad || 2018 – 2020
|-
| Gyanendro Ningombam || 2020 – 2022
|-
| [[ Dilip Tirkey ]] || 2022 - Incumbent
|-
|}

==Hockey India Awards==
Hockey India instituted the [[Hockey India Awards]] from 2014 for recognition of hockey players for promoting field hockey as a sport on the national and international platform.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hockey India Annual Awards |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/hall-of-fame/hockey-india-annual-awards |website=Hockey India |access-date=4 September 2022 |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904054226/https://www.hockeyindia.org/hall-of-fame/hockey-india-annual-awards |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Major Dhyan Chand Lifetime Achievement Award===
* 2014: [[Balbir Singh Sr.]]
* 2015: [[Shankar Lakshman]]
* 2019: [[Harbinder Singh]]
* 2022: [[Amit Singh Bakshi]]
* 2023: [[Gurbux Singh (field hockey)|Gurbux Singh]]

===Balbir Singh Sr. Award for Player of the Year (Men)===
* 2014: [[Birendra Lakra]]
* 2015: [[P. R. Sreejesh]]
* 2019: [[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]]
* 2022: [[Harmanpreet Singh]]
* 2023: [[Hardik Singh]]

===Balbir Singh Sr. Award for Player of the Year (Women)===
* 2014: [[Vandana Katariya]]
* 2015: [[Deepika Thakur]]
* 2019: [[Rani Rampal]]
* 2022: [[Savita Punia]]
* 2023: [[Savita Punia]]

===Jugraj Singh Award for Upcoming Player of the Year (U21 Men)===
* 2014: [[Harmanpreet Singh]]
* 2015: [[Harjeet Singh]]
* 2019: [[Vivek Sagar Prasad]]
* 2022: [[Sanjay Rana]]
* 2023: [[Uttam Singh (field hockey)|Uttam Singh]]

===Asunta Lakra Award for Upcoming Player of the Year (U21 Women)===
* 2014: [[Namita Toppo]]
* 2015: [[Preeti Dubey]]
* 2019: [[Lalremsiami]]
* 2022: [[Salima Tete]]
* 2023: [[Mumtaz Khan (field hockey)|Mumtaz Khan]]

===Dhanraj Pillay Award for Forward of the Year===
* 2014: [[Akashdeep Singh]]
* 2015: [[Rani Rampal]]
* 2019: [[Mandeep Singh (field hockey)|Mandeep Singh]]
* 2022: [[Vandana Katariya]]
* 2023: [[Vandana Katariya]]

===Ajit Pal Singh Award for Midfielder of the Year===
* 2014: [[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]]
* 2015: [[Ritu Rani]]
* 2019: [[Neha Goyal]]
* 2022: [[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]]
* 2023: [[Sushila Chanu]]

===Pargat Singh Award for Defender of the Year===
* 2014: [[Deepika Thakur]]
* 2015: [[Kothajit Singh]]
* 2019: [[Harmanpreet Singh]]
* 2022: [[Deep Grace Ekka]] and [[Amit Rohidas]]
* 2023: [[Harmanpreet Singh]]

===Baljit Singh Award for Goalkeeper of the Year===
* 2014: [[P. R. Sreejesh]]
* 2015: [[Savita Punia]]
* 2019: [[Krishan Pathak]]
* 2022: [[P. R. Sreejesh]]
* 2023: [[Krishan Pathak]]

===Jaman Lal Sharma Award for Invaluable Contribution===
* 2014: [[Harendra Singh]]
* 2015: Baldev Singh
* 2019: [[Sports Authority of India]]
* 2022: BG Joshi
* 2023: [[Pritam Rani Siwach]]

===Hockey India President's Award for Outstanding Achievement===
* 2014: One Thousand Hockey Legs
* 2015: Madhya Pradesh Hockey Academy
* 2019: Department of Sports & Youth Services, Government of Odisha
* 2022: [[Vandana Katariya]]
* 2023: Hockey Ace Foundation

===Hockey India President Award for Technical Official===
* 2022: Harkirat Singh Sokhi
* 2023: Mohammad Moghul Muneer

===Hockey India President award for Umpire / Umpire Manager===
* 2022: Raghuprasad RV
* 2023: Gurinder Singh Sangha

==Hockey India League==
{{Main|Hockey India League}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Field Hockey in India}}
{{Sports governing bodies in India}}
{{National members of the International Hockey Federation}}

[[Category:National members of the Asian Hockey Federation|India]]
[[Category:Sports governing bodies in India|Hockey]]
[[Category:Field hockey in India]]
[[Category:Field hockey governing bodies in Asia]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 2008]]
[[Category:Field hockey governing bodies in India| ]]

Bharatpedia:Articles for deletion/SK Pathela

2025-11-23T20:49:10Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Info...

{{Afd top/old}}

The result was '''speedy delete'''. Speedy deleted by GB fan, CSD A7: No credible indication of importance. [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] ([[User talk:Malcolmxl5|talk]]) 22:27, 9 February 2016 (UTC)
===[[SK Pathela]]===

:{{la|SK Pathela}} – (<includeonly>[[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SK Pathela|View AfD]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2016 February 6#{{anchorencode:SK Pathela}}|View log]]</noinclude>{{int:dot-separator}} [https://tools.wmflabs.org/jackbot/snottywong/cgi-bin/votecounter.cgi?page=Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/SK_Pathela Stats])
:({{Find sources AFD|SK Pathela}})
not famous [[User:Seth R|Seth R]] ([[User talk:Seth R|talk]]) 06:09, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
{{clear}}
{{Afd bottom/old}}

Nemacheilus inglisi

2025-10-02T23:27:29Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created pg

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn| author=Vishwanath, W.| year= 2010| title= ''Schistura inglisi'' | article-number = e.T168455A6495280| doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T168455A6495280.en|access-date=17 February 2024}}</ref>
| taxon = Nemacheilus inglisi
| authority = [[Sunder Lal Hora|Hora]], 1935
| synonyms = *''Nemachilus rupecola inglisi'' Hora, 1935
*''Schistura inglisi'' (Hora, 1935)
*''Schistura rupecula inglisi'' (Hora, 1935)
}}

'''''Nemacheilus inglisi''''' is a species of [[ray-finned fish]] in the genus ''[[Nemacheilus]]'' from rivers below [[Darjeeling]] and [[Sikkim]], eastern [[Himalaya]]s, in India.<ref name = FB>{{FishBase | genus = Nemacheilus | species = inglisi | month = December | year = 2017}}</ref>

It is named in honour of [[Charles M. Inglis]] (1870–1954), Scottish naturalist and Curator of the Natural History Museum of Darjeeling, India.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/nemacheilidae/ | title = Family NEMACHEILIDAE Regan 1911 (Stone or Brook Loaches) | access-date = 17 February 2024 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | date = 2 February 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10595849}}

[[Category:Nemacheilus]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1935]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Sunder Lal Hora]]

{{Nemacheilidae-stub}}

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthan Mahabhiyan Yojana

2025-08-23T18:42:34Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Created a details.

{{Short description|Irrigation scheme in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox project
| name = PM Kusum Scheme
| logo =
| image =
| caption =
| mission_statement =
| commercial =
| type = Irrigation scheme
| products =
| location =
| country = [[India]]
| owner =
| founder =
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| key_people =
| launched = {{Start date and age|2019|03||df=y}}
| established =
| disestablished = 
| funding =
| budget =
| current_status = Active
| website =
}}
'''Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM)''' '''Yojana''' was launched in March 2019 by the [[Government of India]] to increase the income of farmers and provide sources of irrigation and de-dieselization the agricultural sector.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/budget-2020-major-focus-on-pm-kusum-scheme-to-help-farmers-generate-income-from-solar-power/73832492|title=Budget 2020: Major focus on PM KUSUM scheme to help farmers generate income from solar power - ET EnergyWorld|website=ETEnergyworld.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/budget-2020-govt-expands-pm-kusum-scheme-for-solar-pumps-targets-to-cover-20-lakh-farmers/articleshow/73833089.cms?from=mdr|title=Budget 2020: Govt expands PM KUSUM scheme for solar pumps, targets to cover 20 lakh farmers|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=28 December 2020 }}</ref> To receive the benefit of this scheme farmers need to install solar irrigation pumps for cultivation. Under this scheme, the government of India will provide 60% [[subsidy]] on the total cost of solar irrigation installed pumps to the farmer. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-28 |title=bhartyojana.in - |url=https://bhartyojana.in/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Peter |first1=Carlo |title=PM Kisan Status Check Aadhar Card |url=https://pmkisanstatus.net.in/pm-kisan-status-check-aadhar-card/ |access-date=21 August 2023}}</ref>

== Objective ==
The objective of the scheme is to:
* Decrease dependence on [[Diesel fuel|Diesel]] for irrigation
* Reduce cost of irrigation by use of [[Solar-powered pump|solar pumps]]
* Provide water and energy security to farmers
* Reduce pollution
* Reduce the cost of farming and increasing the yearly income of farmers
* Motivate farmers to use [[Renewable energy|Renewable Energy Sources]] for lowering the pollution

The PM-KUSUM scheme of the Government of India is one of the largest initiatives in the world to provide clean energy to more than 3.5 million farmers. It solarizes agricultural pumps and provides up 10 GW distributed solar projects to the farmers. The scheme plans to set up 30.8 GW of solar capacity by 31 December 2022, through the financial assistance of INR 340.35 billion (US$4.65 billion).<ref name=":0" />

== Implementation ==
[[File:Government of India logo.svg|alt=GovIndia|thumb|Government of India]]
The scheme is divided into three components:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/pm-kusum-will-shine-when-implemented-fully/article33309349.ece|title=PM-KUSUM will shine when implemented fully|first=Richa|last=Mishra|website=@businessline|date=11 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/govt-expands-scope-of-pm-kusum-for-harnessing-solar-energy-by-farmers/article33094359.ece|title=Govt. expands scope of PM-KUSUM for harnessing solar energy by farmers|newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 November 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

* Component A: Install grid-connected ground-mounted solar power plants (up to 2 MW) aggregating to a total capacity of 10 GW.
* Component B: Install 1.75 million worth of standalone [[Solar-powered pump|solar pumps]].
* Component C: Solarize 1 million worth grid-connected agricultural pumps.

All components of the KUSUM Scheme combined would support the installation of the additional solar capacity of 30.80 GW.{{fact|date=September 2024}}

Under Kusum Yojana, a group of [[Farmer|farmers]], [[panchayats]], and [[Cooperative|cooperatives]] can apply to install solar pumps. The total cost included in this scheme is divided into three categories in which the government will help the farmers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1639414|title=PM KUSUM SCHEME 70 PERCENT GOVERNMENT SUBSIDY OFFERED FOR INSTALLING SOLAR PUMPS|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> The government will provide a 60% subsidy to the farmers, and 30% of the cost will be given by the government in the form of a loan. Farmers will only have to pay 10% of the total cost of the project. Farmers can sell electricity generated from solar panels. The money earned by selling electricity can be used to start a new businesses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-announces-new-solar-policy/articleshow/80007550.cms|title=Gujarat announces new solar policy | Ahmedabad News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=29 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/maharashtra-cabinet-final-nod-to-pms-solar-pump-scheme-on-hold-7145460/|title=Maharashtra Cabinet: Final nod to PM's solar pump scheme on hold|date=14 January 2021}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2024 |title=Madhya Pradesh PM kusum solar pump scheme |url=https://jansarkariyojna.in/pm-kusum-yojana-2024-apply-now-for-free/ |via=jansarkariyojna}}</ref>

== PM Kusum Yojana Benefits ==
Under the PM Kusum Yojana, farmers are provided with the following benefits:

# Subsidy: Farmers receive a subsidy ranging from 30% to 90% for installing solar pumps.
# Reduced Dependency on Diesel: The installation of solar pumps reduces reliance on diesel and other traditional energy sources.
# Electricity Savings: Solar-powered pumps decrease electricity consumption, which helps lower the farmers' expenses.
# Source of Additional Income: Farmers can earn extra income by selling surplus solar energy back to the grid.
# Green Energy: Through this scheme, farmers contribute to environmental protection by utilizing green energy.
# Cost Reduction: Lower electricity costs improve the farmers' economic conditions, increasing their overall income.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
'''my Scheme''' (2024) Digital India Corporation(DIC), Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY), Government of India.

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India]]

Uttarakhand tunnel rescue

2025-08-21T09:23:55Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed:

{{Short description|Dangerous tunnel collapse and rescue in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Uttarakhand tunnel rescue
| image = 2023 Uttarakhand tunnel collapse.jpg
|date = {{plainlist|
* {{start and end dates|2023|11|12|2023|11|28|df=y}}
* ({{age in days|2023|11|12|2023|11|28|show unit=full}})}}
| time = 05:30 IST
| place = Silkyara Bend–Barkot tunnel, [[Uttarkashi district|Uttarkashi]], Uttarakhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30|45|26.9|N|78|15|48.8|E|region:IN_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| cause = Tunnel collapse
| participants =
| outcome = All 41 trapped workers rescued
|notes =
}}
On 12 November 2023, a section of the Silkyara Bend–Barkot tunnel, planned to connect [[National Highway 134 (India)|National Highway 134]] in the [[Uttarkashi district]] of Uttarakhand, India, [[Cave-in|caved in]] during construction. The collapse occurred at around 05:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] and trapped 41 workers inside the tunnel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 November 2023 |title=Uttarakhand tunnel collapse: Rescuers race to save 41 workers trapped in India tunnel |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67411822 |first1=Meryl |last1=Sebastian |access-date=14 November 2023 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114051114/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67411822 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=India times |date=14 November 2023 |title=Uttarakhand Tunnel Collapse Update: How Will The Trapped Workers Be Rescued? |url=https://www.nbcrightnow.com/national/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-update-how-will-the-trapped-workers-be-rescued/video_c60bc3ca-4b2c-5f8f-8266-ca694cc72ff6.html |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=NBC Right Now |language=en |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114181621/https://www.nbcrightnow.com/national/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-update-how-will-the-trapped-workers-be-rescued/video_c60bc3ca-4b2c-5f8f-8266-ca694cc72ff6.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Rescue operations were immediately launched, with a number of government agencies involved, including the [[National Disaster Response Force]], the [[State Disaster Response Force (Uttarakhand)|State Disaster Response Force]], [[Uttarakhand Police]], engineers from the [[Indian Army Corps of Engineers]], and [[Project Shivalik]] of the [[Border Roads Organisation]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Border Roads Organisation Aided The Himalayan Rescue Op |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-border-roads-organisation-aided-the-himalayan-rescue-op-4615394 |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129094236/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-border-roads-organisation-aided-the-himalayan-rescue-op-4615394 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 November 2023 |title=Rescuers dig to reach 41 workers trapped in collapsed road tunnel in north India |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-d8096d4a88dfc98b9ce04e2fa17f60c9 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113161108/https://apnews.com/article/india-uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-d8096d4a88dfc98b9ce04e2fa17f60c9 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=14 November 2023 |title=40 Indian workers to spend third night trapped in collapsed tunnel as rescue slows |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-rescue-operations-b2446763.html |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114070629/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-rescue-operations-b2446763.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Uttarakhand tunnel rescue ops: Indian Army's engineer regiment called in for manual drilling |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-uttarakhand-tunnel-rescue-ops-indian-army-engineer-regiment-called-in-for-manual-drilling-3069672 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127010622/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-uttarakhand-tunnel-rescue-ops-indian-army-engineer-regiment-called-in-for-manual-drilling-3069672 |url-status=live }}</ref> Numerous private resources were utilized in the rescue efforts as well, including Australian tunnelling experts [[Arnold Dix]] and Chris Cooper.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uttarkashi tunnel rescue operation: 'We can get through', says Mirco Tunnelling expert Chris Cooper ahead of manual drilling {{!}} TOI Original – Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/toi-original/uttarkashi-tunnel-rescue-operation-we-can-get-through-says-mirco-tunnelling-expert-chris-cooper-ahead-of-manual-drilling/videoshow/105537803.cms |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127150422/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/toi-original/uttarkashi-tunnel-rescue-operation-we-can-get-through-says-mirco-tunnelling-expert-chris-cooper-ahead-of-manual-drilling/videoshow/105537803.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet Arnold Dix, tunnelling expert India thanks for Uttarkashi rescue |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arnold-dix-uttarkashi-rescue-operation-silkyara-tunnel-trapped-workers-2468567-2023-11-28 |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128125244/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arnold-dix-uttarkashi-rescue-operation-silkyara-tunnel-trapped-workers-2468567-2023-11-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Though the initial attempts at a rescue were complicated because of the kinds of debris created in the collapse, the government brought in [[Rat-Hole Mining|"rat-hole" miners]] who were able to use manual mining methods to get an access pipe to the trapped workers.<ref name=":1" /> All 41 workers were rescued, and the collapse triggered a safety audit of other tunnels in the area.

== Background ==
The Silkyara Bend–Barkot tunnel was being constructed by contentious<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-05 |title=Uttarakhand tunnel collapse: Infrastructure company Navayuga is no stranger to controversy |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-infrastructure-company-navayuga-is-no-stranger-to-controversy-408265-2023-12-05 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Business Today |language=hi |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205090458/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-infrastructure-company-navayuga-is-no-stranger-to-controversy-408265-2023-12-05 |url-status=live }}</ref> Navayuga Engineering Construction Limited (NECL) under [[National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited]] (NHIDCL)<ref>
{{cite news |title=Uttarakhand tunnel collapse: All eyes on Hyderabad-based Navayuga Engineering |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/other/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-all-eyes-on-hyderabad-based-navayuga-engineering/ar-AA1kdugA |work=www.msn.com |agency=MSN |date=20 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129094347/https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/v2.0/authorize?client_id=d7b530a4-7680-4c23-a8bf-c52c121d2e87&scope=User.Read%20openid%20profile%20offline_access&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fstaticsb%2Fstatics%2Flatest%2Fauth%2Fauth-redirect-blank.html&client-request-id=7218e3d1-665c-432e-b7e5-0db31104c800&response_mode=fragment&response_type=code&x-client-SKU=msal.js.browser&x-client-VER=2.18.0&x-client-OS=&x-client-CPU=&client_info=1&code_challenge=EqQOuWkOQfITbSrVCjfKnZI38O4uzW4mUTWJlYd4JaQ&code_challenge_method=S256&prompt=none&nonce=8a0a0e75-77a5-4794-a10c-90d9328603f9&state=eyJpZCI6IjkwZDA5NzBmLTkwM2UtNDNhNy1hYWUxLThkN2YxNDhhYzBjMSIsIm1ldGEiOnsiaW50ZXJhY3Rpb25UeXBlIjoic2lsZW50In19 |url-status=live }}
</ref> as part of the [[Chota Char Dham|Char Dham]] project, intended to connect important Hindu pilgrim sites in Uttarakhand, [[North India]], with two-lane, all-weather paved roads.<ref name=":2"/> The tunnel was located on the [[Yamunotri]] end of [[National Highway 134 (India)|National Highway 134]], which is planned to connect [[Dharasu]] on the south end to Yamunotri on the north end. The tunnel is planned to be {{convert|4.5|km|mi}} long<ref>{{cite news|title=Opinion: Analysis: Uttarakhand Tunnel Collapse – Makings Of A Disaster |url=https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-makings-of-a-disaster-4583067 |website=NDTV.com |access-date=18 November 2023 |date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118010557/https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-makings-of-a-disaster-4583067 |url-status=live }}</ref> and will shorten the route by about {{convert|20|km}}.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |first2=Aishwarya |last2=Iyer |first3=Manveena |last3=Suri |date=13 November 2023 |title=Rescuers scramble to reach up to 40 workers trapped in Himalayan tunnel collapse |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/13/india/india-uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-rescue-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113133509/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/13/india/india-uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-rescue-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=13 November 2023 |title=Rescue operation under way in India to save workers trapped after tunnel collapse |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/13/rescue-operation-under-way-in-india-to-save-workers-trapped-after-tunnel-collapse |access-date=14 November 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114051639/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/13/rescue-operation-under-way-in-india-to-save-workers-trapped-after-tunnel-collapse |url-status=live }}</ref>

The initial tender for the development project did not anticipate the complexity of building tunnels in this specific geography.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2023-11-27 |title=Uttarakhand tunnel: Why its collapse is a startling wake-up call |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67529337 |access-date=2023-12-03 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201140245/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67529337 |url-status=live }}</ref> Because the Himalayas are a very young mountain formation, and this particular section of the Himalayas has a mix of different rock types with different levels of strength, the construction has encountered multiple collapses and other faults.<ref name=":2" /> Landslides have also been increasing in recent decades as construction increases, and this is expected to get more complicated as climate change increases the intensity of rain and glacial melt flooding events.<ref name=":2" />

== Collapse ==
At approximately 5:30 12 November 2023, whilst under construction, a section of the Silkyara Bend–Barkot tunnel collapsed, trapping 41 construction workers inside, who were reprofiling 260m to 265m inside the tunnel from Silkyara portal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All coordinated efforts being made to evacuate stranded workforce at the earliest at Silkyara Tunnel collapse site in Uttarakhand |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1976714 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> The 60 meter-long blockage occurred from a point about {{Convert|200|m|ft}} from the entrance of the tunnel inwards.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 November 2023 |title=Uttarakhand Tunnel Collapse Live Updates: Workers to be rescued through large-diameter steel pipes inserted through rubble |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/uttarakhand-uttarkashi-tunnel-collapse-rescue-operation-workers-trapped-live-updates-9024269/ |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114024716/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/uttarakhand-uttarkashi-tunnel-collapse-rescue-operation-workers-trapped-live-updates-9024269/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A team of geologists from the state government of Uttarakhand and educational institutions was sent to the location to determine the cause of the incident.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Heavy machinery brought in to pull out workers from collapsed tunnel in India |language=en |work=CNA |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/india-collapsed-tunnel-uttarakhand-heavy-machinery-3918761 |access-date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114141318/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/india-collapsed-tunnel-uttarakhand-heavy-machinery-3918761 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to investigators, the tunnel had no escape shafts for evacuation in an emergency and was built along a line which crosses a [[Fault (geology)|geological fault]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=28 November 2023 |title=All 41 Indian labourers rescued from collapsed tunnel |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/28/indian-rescuers-reach-41-men-trapped-in-tunnel |access-date=28 November 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128125637/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/28/indian-rescuers-reach-41-men-trapped-in-tunnel |url-status=live }}</ref>

The tunnel's location is in proximity to the [[Main Central Thrust|main central thrust]] of the [[Himalayas]] which is a major geological fault and is generally accepted to be a [[shear zone]]. The Border Roads Organisation said in a statement that the tunnel was being constructed in an extremely weak rock mass constituting [[Metasedimentary rock|meta]]-[[siltstone]] and [[phyllite]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norms flouted, tectonic faultlines ignored: Lapses in Uttarkashi tunnel collapse |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/environment/story/nature-science-norms-ignored-big-lapses-that-led-to-uttarkashi-tunnel-collapse-2468538-2023-11-28 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193046/https://www.indiatoday.in/environment/story/nature-science-norms-ignored-big-lapses-that-led-to-uttarkashi-tunnel-collapse-2468538-2023-11-28 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=Uttarakhand Tunnel Rescue Mission: Here's Role Of Border Roads Organisation In 400-Hr Marathon Operation |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/uttarakhand-tunnel-rescue-mission-heres-role-of-border-roads-organisation-in-400-hr-marathon-operation-article-105571984 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129045455/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/uttarakhand-tunnel-rescue-mission-heres-role-of-border-roads-organisation-in-400-hr-marathon-operation-article-105571984 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Rescue efforts ==
The state government launched Operation Zindagi ("life") to save the trapped workers.{{cn|date=March 2025}} On 16 November, another horizontal drilling machine with an auger bit (to install an 800mm escape pipe) was disassembled and flown from Delhi in three parts after the progress of the first machine was insufficiently speedy.<ref>
{{cite news|first1=Andrew |last1=Clarance |first2=Cherylann |last2=Mollan |title=Uttarakhand tunnel collapse: New drill machine brings hope to trapped Indian workers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-67435642 |website=BBC News |access-date=16 November 2023 |date=16 November 2023 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116070448/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-67435642 |url-status=live }}
</ref><ref name="rh8">{{cite news |title=What is rat-hole mining, being done to rescue trapped Uttarkashi tunnel workers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/rat-hole-mining-uttarkashi-tunnel-explained-9044515/ |access-date=1 December 2023 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=27 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201033021/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/rat-hole-mining-uttarkashi-tunnel-explained-9044515/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The rescue team had contacted the team that freed the students from the 2018 [[Tham Luang cave rescue|Tham Luang cave disaster]] in [[Thailand]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/16/india/india-uttarakhand-rescue-tunnel-intl-hnk/index.html |title=Indian authorities contact Thai cave rescue team as urgency increases to reach trapped men |work=CNN |date=16 November 2023 |first=Rhea|last=Mogul |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116200257/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/16/india/india-uttarakhand-rescue-tunnel-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Drilling through the debris in the tunnel was stopped on 17 November after cracking sounds were heard. Alternative access tunnels had been started parallel and adjacent to the existing main tunnel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rescuers to drill new tunnels for trapped India workers |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67471018.amp |work=BBC News |date=20 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120094930/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67471018.amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Three pipes were drilled during the operation, one providing oxygen, one providing passage for food, and a {{Convert|6|in|cm|adj=mid|-wide|order=flip}} pipe that was used to supply hot meals and allow the insertion of an endoscopic camera.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=21 November 2023 |title=41 workers stuck in a tunnel in India for 10th day given hot meals as rescue operation shifts gear |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-tarpped-workers-ac1d8260ebd3246b519ebf54b2b0ebd3 |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127145811/https://apnews.com/article/india-uttarakhand-tunnel-collapse-tarpped-workers-ac1d8260ebd3246b519ebf54b2b0ebd3 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 19 November, the Border Roads Organisation constructed a {{convert|1.15|km|mi}} road to a location on a [[hillock]] above the tunnel as plans for drilling a vertical shaft to enable a rescue were being made.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-20 |title=Uttarakhand tunnel crash: Border Roads Organisation's women heroes build lifeline for trapped workers |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/border-roads-organisations-women-heroes-build-lifeline-for-trapped-workers/articleshow/105338287.cms |access-date=2023-11-30 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129183458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/border-roads-organisations-women-heroes-build-lifeline-for-trapped-workers/articleshow/105338287.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Problems with the consistency of the rubble and with obstructions caused drilling delays on 22 and 23 November, with significant repairs required to the drilling machine and its mounting platform on 23 November; at this stage, it was believed that the operations had reached 75% of the way through the obstructing debris.<ref>{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand tunnel collapse: Machine repairs prolong ordeal for trapped Indians |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67516864?at_campaign=KARANGA&at_medium=RSS |website=www.bbc.com |access-date=24 November 2023 |date=24 November 2023 |archive-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124095741/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67516864?at_campaign=KARANGA&at_medium=RSS |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 25 November, the rescue operation faced another setback as the tunnel drilling machine broke and became stuck inside the tunnel after successfully drilling {{convert|47|m|ft}}, hampering the drilling's progress. The rescue team decided to use manual tools such as hammers and chisels to break the debris and reach the trapped workers. It was believed that the drilling had reached a point approximately {{Convert|9|m|ft}} short of breaking through.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=41 rescued workers emerge dazed and smiling after 17 days trapped in collapsed road tunnel in India |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-uttarakhand-rescue-41-workers-trapped-tunnel-1067e281a4ceff40b03c498bd0070063 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129154901/https://apnews.com/article/india-uttarakhand-rescue-41-workers-trapped-tunnel-1067e281a4ceff40b03c498bd0070063 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand tunnel collapse: Rescuers to dig by hand to rescue trapped workers |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67530527 |website=BBC News |access-date=25 November 2023 |date=25 November 2023 |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125141816/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67530527 |url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, Australian tunnelling expert [[Arnold Dix]], who was part of the rescue operation, informed them that they needed to approach cautiously.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arnold Dix explains cautious rescue operations at Silkyara Tunnel Collapse site {{!}} TOI Original – Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/toi-original/arnold-dix-explains-cautious-rescue-operations-at-silkyara-tunnel-collapse-site/videoshow/105515457.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129094237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/toi-original/arnold-dix-explains-cautious-rescue-operations-at-silkyara-tunnel-collapse-site/videoshow/105515457.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Dix was called upon by the Indian government to serve as a consultant and spent many days and nights alongside rescue teams outside the tunnel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarakhand tunnel rescue live: 41 trapped workers rescued after 17 days - BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-india-67551565/page/2 |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

On 27 November, alternate methods to gain access to the workers were intensified. Vertical drilling by [[SJVN|Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam]] at the Silkyara end reached a depth of {{convert|32|m|ft}} and a third pipeline for the supply of necessities to the workers was also being laid by [[Rail Vikas Nigam]]. On the Barkot end of the tunnel, [[THDC India Limited]] had executed a successful drill up to {{convert|12|m|ft}} while [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] was preparing for vertical drilling.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-27 |title=Uttarakhand Tunnel Rescue: Rescuers cover over 32 m via vertical drilling; manual horizontal drilling also commences |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/uttarakhand-tunnel-rescue-rescuers-cover-over-32-m-via-vertical-drilling-manual-horizontal-drilling-also-commences/article67579960.ece |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=BusinessLine |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127170028/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/uttarakhand-tunnel-rescue-rescuers-cover-over-32-m-via-vertical-drilling-manual-horizontal-drilling-also-commences/article67579960.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 28 November, [[Rat-Hole Mining|"rat-hole" miners]] in the rescue team broke through the remaining length of debris and pushed a pipe to the trapped workers manually.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Uttarakhand tunnel rescue live: Teams break through to trapped India workers |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-india-67551565 |website=BBC News |access-date=28 November 2023 |language=en-gb |date=28 November 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129094237/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-india-67551565 |url-status=live }}</ref> The rescue team evacuated the workers one-by-one on stretchers, throughout the day, in a process that was expected to take several hours.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=28 November 2023 |title=Indian rescuers reach 41 men trapped in tunnel |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/28/indian-rescuers-reach-41-men-trapped-in-tunnel |access-date=28 November 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128125637/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/28/indian-rescuers-reach-41-men-trapped-in-tunnel |url-status=live }}</ref>

Later at around 20:50 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] on the same day, it was confirmed by the [[Government of Uttarakhand]] that all 41 workers had been successfully rescued.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uttarakhand tunnel rescue live: Trapped workers rescued after 17 days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-india-67551565 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=BBC News |date=28 November 2023 |language=en-gb |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128091006/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-india-67551565 |url-status=live }}</ref> The chief minister of Uttarakhand [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]] and Minister of State of Road Transport and Highways [[V. K. Singh]] were present at the site welcoming the rescued workers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Ishita |date=2023-11-28 |title=Uttarkashi tunnel collapse {{!}} After 17-day ordeal, trapped workers rescued |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttarkashi-silkyara-tunnel-collapse-rescue-workers-updates-november-28/article67582045.ece |access-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128171045/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttarkashi-silkyara-tunnel-collapse-rescue-workers-updates-november-28/article67582045.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The rescued workers were reported to be in good health, and they were taken to a medical facility in [[Chinyalisaur]] for initial assessment.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rescued Workers In Makeshift Hospital Inside Tunnel: 10 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/evacuation-of-trapped-workers-in-uttarakhand-tunnel-begins-10-facts-4614871 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128173026/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/evacuation-of-trapped-workers-in-uttarakhand-tunnel-begins-10-facts-4614871 |url-status=live }}</ref> Forty-one ambulances were arranged for the individuals.

On 29 November, the 41 rescued workers were airlifted to [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh|AIIMS Rishikesh]] aboard an [[Indian Air Force]] [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47 Chinook]] helicopter for further assessment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-29 |title=Uttarakhand: Rescued workers flown to AIIMS Rishikesh in Chinook helicopter |work=The Statesman |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/uttarakhand-rescued-workers-flown-to-aiims-rishikesh-in-chinook-helicopter-1503244978.html |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129115224/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/uttarakhand-rescued-workers-flown-to-aiims-rishikesh-in-chinook-helicopter-1503244978.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following a medical examination, 40 of those workers were declared fit and cleared to return home as of 1 December.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-01 |title=Declared fit, rescued Uttarakhand workers head home |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/declared-fit-rescued-uttarakhand-workers-head-home-101701370268350.html |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201044017/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/declared-fit-rescued-uttarakhand-workers-head-home-101701370268350.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Investigation ==
The government of Uttarakhand has formed a six-member expert committee to investigate the cause of the tunnel collapse. The committee is being led by the director of the Uttarakhand Landslide Mitigation and Management Centre.<ref>{{cite news |title=Uttarakhand forms expert committee to investigate Uttarkashi tunnel collapse |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-forms-expert-committee-to-investigate-uttrakashi-tunnel-collapse/articleshow/105204094.cms |access-date=17 November 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=14 November 2023 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117002742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-forms-expert-committee-to-investigate-uttrakashi-tunnel-collapse/articleshow/105204094.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 22 November, the [[National Highways Authority of India]] said in a statement that it will conduct a safety audit of all the 29 tunnels currently under construction across the country along with a team of tunnelling experts from [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-22 |title=NHAI to Undertake Safety Audit of All Under Construction Tunnels |url=https://nhai.gov.in/nhai/sites/default/files/2023-11/Press_Release-Tunnel_Audit.pdf |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=National Highways Authority of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2023 |title=NHAI to undertake safety audits of all 29 under-construction tunnels in India |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/nhai-to-undertake-safety-audits-of-all-under-construction-tunnels-in-india-18388001.htm |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128173023/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/nhai-to-undertake-safety-audits-of-all-under-construction-tunnels-in-india-18388001.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> However, preliminary findings of NHAI indicated the collapse may have been caused by a geological fault, known as a "shear zone".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Manoj |date=2023-11-24 |title=Collapsed Indian tunnel had no safety exit, was built through geological fault - panel member |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/collapsed-indian-tunnel-had-no-safety-exit-was-built-through-geological-fault-2023-11-24/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204164755/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/collapsed-indian-tunnel-had-no-safety-exit-was-built-through-geological-fault-2023-11-24/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Although the detailed probe report into the collapse found negligence on the part of NHIDCL, the entity that prepared the Detailed Project Report (DPR), as well as the construction firm and the supervising consultant or authority engineer (AE), the government has yet to take any significant action against these entities. The report highlighted that the alignment fixing did not adhere to the fundamental principles of tunneling, and there was negligence from the contractor in addressing the issues related to 21 minor collapses, even though the AE had flagged them.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2025-04-14 |title=With two ends of Silkyara set to meet this week, excavation work for tunnel project to be complete |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-two-ends-of-silkyara-set-to-meet-this-week-excavation-work-for-tunnel-project-to-be-complete/articleshow/120260912.cms |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Reaction==
President [[Droupadi Murmu]] and Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] expressed relief for the successful rescue and wished the workers good health. They also appreciated the efforts of numerous agencies and personnel involved in the rescue operation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Silkyara tunnel: President Murmu, PM Modi salute officials for 'most difficult rescue mission' {{!}} TOI Original – Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/toi-original/silkyara-tunnel-president-murmu-pm-modi-salute-officials-for-most-difficult-rescue-mission/videoshow/105570411.cms |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128173026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/toi-original/silkyara-tunnel-president-murmu-pm-modi-salute-officials-for-most-difficult-rescue-mission/videoshow/105570411.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tweet by Prime Minister Narendra Modi |url=https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1729521654584479876 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128173049/https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1729521654584479876 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tweet by President Droupadi Murmu |url=https://twitter.com/rashtrapatibhvn/status/1729521484241260838 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128173025/https://twitter.com/rashtrapatibhvn/status/1729521484241260838 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[List of high commissioners of Australia to India|Australian High Commissioner to India]] [[Philip Green (diplomat)|Philip Green]] and [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian Prime Minister]] [[Anthony Albanese]] congratulated Indian agencies for evacuating the 41 trapped workers. They also commended the efforts made by Dix for providing technical expertise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tweet by HC Philip Green |url=https://twitter.com/AusHCIndia/status/1729533700528910429 |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-29 |title='Wonderful Achievement': Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese hails rescue of 41 workers trapped in Uttarakhand tunnel |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/wonderful-achievement-australian-prime-minister-anthony-albanese-hails-rescue-of-41-workers-trapped-in-uttarakhand-tunnel/articleshow/105578602.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129094238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/wonderful-achievement-australian-prime-minister-anthony-albanese-hails-rescue-of-41-workers-trapped-in-uttarakhand-tunnel/articleshow/105578602.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
On 16 April 2025 multiple media outlets reported that the two ends of Silkyara have met i.e. breakthrough has been achieved. With this breakthrough the excavation work will be completed and the tunnel will be ready for use in the next one year after finishing the remaining works. The restoration of the collapsed section has also been completed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Aiswarya |date=2025-04-16 |title=After 2023 collapse and unprecedented rescue, Uttarakhand’s Silkyara tunnel achieves breakthrough |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/uttarakhand-silkyara-tunnel-collapse-2023-breakthrough-9947617/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[2010 Copiapó mining accident]]
* [[Tham Luang cave rescue]]
* [[Big Dig ceiling collapse]]
* [[Telangana tunnel collapse]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Disasters in India in 2023}}
{{Disasters in Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:2023 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Disasters in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:November 2023 in India]]
[[Category:Road tunnels in India]]
[[Category:Tunnel disasters]]
[[Category:Uttarkashi district]]
[[Category:Building and structure collapses in India]]
[[Category:Rescue]]

Kaise Bani

2025-08-11T13:54:43Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: Adding New Post...

{{Short description|Famous Bhojpuri folksong}}

'''Kaise Bani''' or '''Phulauri Bina chutney kaise bani''' ([[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]: फुलउरी बिना चटनी कइसे बनी; [[IAST]]: phulaurī binā chaṭnī kaïse banï; [[Literal translation|Lit.]]: How will phulauri be made without [[Chutney]]) is a highly influential song rooted in traditional [[Bhojpuri music|Bhojpuri]] [[Folksong|Music]], which gained international fame through adaptations in the [[Chutney music]] genre.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=Oral Literary World |editor-last=Marzagora |editor-first=Sara |pages=145–165 |language=En}}</ref> Originally reflecting the folk traditions of the Bhojpuri region of India, its journey through the Indian diaspora, particularly in [[Trinidad and Tobago]], transformed it into a symbol of [[Indo-Caribbean people|Indo-Caribbean]] cultural identity and musical innovation. It was first modernized and popularized internationally by Trinidadian singer [[Sundar Popo]], becoming one of the earliest major hits in [[Chutney music]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Interrogating Post-colonialism: Theory, Text and Context|publisher=9788185952338|year=1996|isbn=9788185952338|pages=76}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> This song got immense popularity after that and remade by many different artists and used in albums and films like [[Ghar Ki Izzat (1994 film)|Ghar ki Izzat]] (1994), [[Dabangg 2]] (2012).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Kaise bani kaise bani – Mamta/Wajid – Sajid-Wajid {{!}} Dabangg 2 (2012)|url=https://lemonwire.com/2017/07/02/kaise-bani-kaise-bani-mamtawajid-sajid-wajid-dabangg-2-2012/|website=Lemon Wire|date=2 July 2017}}</ref>

==Origin and meaning==
This Bhojpuri Folk song went to [[Trinidad and Tobago]] along with the indentured labourers ([[Girmityas]]), who were taken to British colonies to work in sugarcane fields from Bhojpuri speaking region of India. These folk traditions, often performed by women during private wedding ceremonies (''matikoor'', ''gamat''), formed the foundation from which public Chutney music emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s. In 1969 [[Sundar Popo]] released an album named ''Nana and Nani'' in which this song was mixed with English lyrics and music was also fused with Caribbean music. After this [[Babla & Kanchan]] recreated this song and released in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharjee|first=Rudradeep|title=For disco dandiya pioneer Babla, it has always been about the beat|url=https://scroll.in/reel/851569/for-disco-dandiya-pioneer-babla-it-has-always-been-about-the-beat|website=Scroll.in|date=25 September 2017 }}</ref>

The [[hookline]] "Phulauri bina chutney kaise bani" literally translates to, "How will the phulauri be made without chutney?". Phulauri (or Pholourie) is a traditional Bhojpuri/Indo-Caribbean snack, a deep-fried ball made typically from ground split peas or gram flour, almost always served with a chutney (a type of condiment).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Allsopp|first1=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmvSk13sIc0C&dq=phulauri+Bhojpuri&pg=PA437|title=Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage|last2=Allsopp|first2=Jeannette|date=2003|publisher=University of the West Indies Press|isbn=978-976-640-145-0|language=en}}</ref> The line implies that one is incomplete or pointless without the other. Within the context of Bhojpuri folk songs, references to food items like ''phulouri'' and ''chutney'' can sometimes carry sexual innuendos.<ref name=":1" />

==Sundar Popo Song==
{{Infobox song
| name = Kaise Bani
| cover =
| alt =
| type =
| artist = Sundar Popo
| album = Nana and Nani
| released = 1969
| format =
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Chutney music]]
| length =
| label =
| composer =
| lyricist =
| producer =
| misc =
}}

First modernized version of this folk song was released by [[Sundar Popo]] in [[Chutney music]] genre in his hit album ''Nana and Nani'' in 1969. Music in this song was the fusion of Bhojpuri folk and Caribbean pop. The lyrics was funny yet dark and was in [[English language|English]] except the hookline which was in [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]].

==Kanchan & Babla Song==
In 1982, [[Babla & Kanchan]] recreated the song by [[Sundar Popo]].

==Other versions==
*The tune of this song was used in the 1994 song ''Rajāï Binā Ratiyā kaïse katī'' from the [[Bollywood]] film [[Ghar Ki Izzat (1994 film)|Ghar Ki Izzat]], sung by [[Usha Mangeshkar]] and Jayshree Shivram.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Arunachalam|first=Param|title=BollySwar: 1991 - 2000|publisher=Mavrix Infotech Private Limited|isbn=9788193848210}}</ref>
*This song was also recreated in the album ''Aara Hile Chhapra Hile'', with the title ''Phulauri Bina Chutney Kaise bani'' sung by [[Kalpana Patowary]] and written by Vinay Bihari.
*This song was recreated with the name ''Chatni kaise bani'' in the album ''Aagre Ka Ghaghra'' released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] and sung by Anjali Jain.
*This song was also remade which was sung by [[Mamta Sharma]] and [[Wajid Ali (musician singer)|Wajid Ali]] in the movie [[Dabangg 2]] (2012) starring [[Salman Khan]].<ref name=":0" /> This version significantly curtailed the original English lyrics, removed specific Trinidadian references (like the ''kudari'' and Sangre Grande, changing the airplane fall location from a ''cane'' field to a ''train''), making the English verses function more as generic, humorous code-mixing within an Indian context.<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1969 songs]]
[[Category:Chutney music]]
[[Category:Bhojpuri folk music]]

2015 Aircel Chennai Open – Singles

2025-08-05T18:06:27Z

Sarker Tanvir Ahmed: made a data with sources

{{No footnotes|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox tennis tournament event|2015|Aircel Chennai Open|
| defchamp =
| champ = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Stan Wawrinka]]
| runner = {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene]]
| score = 6–4, 6–3
| edition =
| type = singles doubles
| draw = 28 (4{{abbr| Q | Qualifiers}} / 3{{abbr| WC | Wild Cards}})
| seeds = 8
| before_name = Aircel Chennai Open – Singles
| after_name = Aircel Chennai Open – Singles
}}

{{main|2015 Aircel Chennai Open}}

[[Stan Wawrinka]] was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title against [[Slovenia]]n qualifier [[Aljaž Bedene]], 6–3, 6–4. He did not lose a single set in the entire tournament.

==Seeds==
The top four [[seed (tennis)|seeds]] received a [[bye (tennis)|bye]] into the second round.

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
{{seeds|1}}{{flagicon|SUI}} '''[[Stan Wawrinka]] (champion)'''
{{seeds|2}}{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Feliciano López]] ''(second round)''
{{seeds|3}}{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Roberto Bautista Agut]] ''(semifinals)''
{{seeds|4}}{{flagicon|BEL}} [[David Goffin]] ''(semifinals)''
{{seeds|5}}{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Guillermo García López]] ''(quarterfinals)''
{{seeds|6}}{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lu Yen-hsun]] ''(quarterfinals)''
{{seeds|7}}{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marcel Granollers]] ''(first round, retired because of a knee injury)''
{{seeds|8}}{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Gilles Müller]] ''(quarterfinals)''
}}

==Draw==

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
|RD1=Semifinals
|RD2=Final

|team-width=175

|RD1-seed1=1
|RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Stan Wawrinka]] '''
|RD1-score1-1='''7'''
|RD1-score1-2='''6'''
|RD1-score1-3= 
|RD1-seed2=4
|RD1-team2={{flagicon|BEL}} [[David Goffin]]
|RD1-score2-1=5
|RD1-score2-2=3
|RD1-score2-3= 

|RD1-seed3=3
|RD1-team3={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Roberto Bautista Agut]]
|RD1-score3-1='''6'''
|RD1-score3-2=3
|RD1-score3-3=68
|RD1-seed4=Q
|RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene]]'''
|RD1-score4-1=3
|RD1-score4-2='''6'''
|RD1-score4-3='''710'''

|RD2-seed1=1
|RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Stan Wawrinka]]'''
|RD2-score1-1='''6'''
|RD2-score1-2='''6'''
|RD2-score1-3= 
|RD2-seed2=Q
|RD2-team2={{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene]]
|RD2-score2-1=3
|RD2-score2-2=4
|RD2-score2-3= 
}}

===Top half===
{{ 16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed03= 
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Borna Ćorić|B Ćorić]]'''
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2='''6'''
| RD1-score03-3= 
| RD1-seed04= 
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|NED}} [[Robin Haase|R Haase]]
| RD1-score04-1=2
| RD1-score04-2=2
| RD1-score04-3= 

| RD1-seed05=WC
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Elias Ymer|E Ymer]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2=4
| RD1-score05-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed06= 
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|NED}} [[Igor Sijsling|I Sijsling]]
| RD1-score06-1=4
| RD1-score06-2='''6'''
| RD1-score06-3=3

| RD1-seed07= 
| RD1-team07={{nowrap|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Édouard Roger-Vasselin|É Roger-Vasselin]]}}
| RD1-score07-1='''713'''
| RD1-score07-2=1
| RD1-score07-3=63
| RD1-seed08=8
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Gilles Müller|G Müller]]'''
| RD1-score08-1=611
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3='''77'''

| RD1-seed11= 
| RD1-team11='''{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Ričardas Berankis|R Berankis]]'''
| RD1-score11-1='''6'''
| RD1-score11-2=2
| RD1-score11-3='''7'''
| RD1-seed12=Q
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Vanni|L Vanni]]
| RD1-score12-1=1
| RD1-score12-2='''6'''
| RD1-score12-3=5

| RD1-seed13=Q
| RD1-team13={{nowrap|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth|V Sundar Prashanth]]}}
| RD1-score13-1=2
| RD1-score13-2=1
| RD1-score13-3= 
| RD1-seed14= 
| RD1-team14='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Jiří Veselý|J Veselý]]'''
| RD1-score14-1='''6'''
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3= 

| RD1-seed15= 
| RD1-team15='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Haider-Maurer|A Haider-Maurer]]}}'''
| RD1-score15-1=3
| RD1-score15-2='''78'''
| RD1-score15-3=2
| RD1-seed16=7
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marcel Granollers|M Granollers]]
| RD1-score16-1='''6'''
| RD1-score16-2=66
| RD1-score16-3=0r

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Stan Wawrinka|S Wawrinka]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''6'''
| RD2-score01-2='''6'''
| RD2-score01-3= 
| RD2-seed02= 
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Borna Ćorić|B Ćorić]]
| RD2-score02-1=1
| RD2-score02-2=4
| RD2-score02-3= 

| RD2-seed03=WC
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|SWE}} [[Elias Ymer|E Ymer]]
| RD2-score03-1=4
| RD2-score03-2=3
| RD2-score03-3= 
| RD2-seed04=8
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Gilles Müller|G Müller]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''6'''
| RD2-score04-2='''6'''
| RD2-score04-3= 

| RD2-seed05=4
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[David Goffin|D Goffin]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''6'''
| RD2-score05-2=4
| RD2-score05-3='''77'''
| RD2-seed06= 
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|LTU}} [[Ričardas Berankis|R Berankis]]
| RD2-score06-1=0
| RD2-score06-2='''6'''
| RD2-score06-3=61

| RD2-seed07= 
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Jiří Veselý|J Veselý]]
| RD2-score07-1='''77'''
| RD2-score07-2=4
| RD2-score07-3=4
| RD2-seed08= 
| RD2-team08='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Haider-Maurer|A Haider-Maurer]]}}'''
| RD2-score08-1=63
| RD2-score08-2='''6'''
| RD2-score08-3='''6'''

| RD3-seed01=1
| RD3-team01='''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Stan Wawrinka|S Wawrinka]]'''
| RD3-score01-1='''6'''
| RD3-score01-2='''77'''
| RD3-score01-3= 
| RD3-seed02=8
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|LUX}} [[Gilles Müller|G Müller]]
| RD3-score02-1=2
| RD3-score02-2=64
| RD3-score02-3= 

| RD3-seed03=4
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[David Goffin|D Goffin]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''7'''
| RD3-score03-2='''6'''
| RD3-score03-3= 
| RD3-seed04= 
| RD3-team04={{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Haider-Maurer|A Haider-Maurer]]}}
| RD3-score04-1=5
| RD3-score04-2=2
| RD3-score04-3= 

| RD4-seed01=1
| RD4-team01='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Stan Wawrinka|S Wawrinka]]}}'''
| RD4-score01-1='''7'''
| RD4-score01-2='''6'''
| RD4-score01-3= 
| RD4-seed02=4
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|BEL}} [[David Goffin|D Goffin]]
| RD4-score02-1=5
| RD4-score02-2=3
| RD4-score02-3= 
}}

===Bottom half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=6
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lu Yen-hsun|Y-h Lu]]'''
| RD1-score01-1='''6'''
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3= 
| RD1-seed02=WC
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Somdev Devvarman|S Devvarman]]
| RD1-score02-1=3
| RD1-score02-2=4
| RD1-score02-3= 

| RD1-seed03= 
| RD1-team03='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pablo Carreño Busta|P Carreño Busta]]}}'''
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2='''6'''
| RD1-score03-3= 
| RD1-seed04= 
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|COL}} [[Alejandro González (tennis)|A González]]
| RD1-score04-1=1
| RD1-score04-2=3
| RD1-score04-3= 

| RD1-seed05= 
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Peter Gojowczyk|P Gojowczyk]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2='''6'''
| RD1-score05-3= 
| RD1-seed06= 
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|COL}} [[Alejandro Falla|A Falla]]
| RD1-score06-1=0
| RD1-score06-2=1
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed09=5
| RD1-team09='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Guillermo García López|G García López]]}}'''
| RD1-score09-1=63
| RD1-score09-2='''6'''
| RD1-score09-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed10=Q
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Donskoy|E Donskoy]]
| RD1-score10-1='''77'''
| RD1-score10-2=2
| RD1-score10-3=3

| RD1-seed11=WC
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]
| RD1-score11-1=3
| RD1-score11-2=3
| RD1-score11-3= 
| RD1-seed12= 
| RD1-team12='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tatsuma Ito|T Ito]]'''
| RD1-score12-1='''6'''
| RD1-score12-2='''6'''
| RD1-score12-3= 

| RD1-seed13= 
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|SVK}} [[Lukáš Lacko|L Lacko]]
| RD1-score13-1=60
| RD1-score13-2=3
| RD1-score13-3= 
| RD1-seed14=Q
| RD1-team14='''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene|A Bedene]]'''
| RD1-score14-1='''77'''
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3= 

| RD2-seed01=6
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lu Yen-hsun|Y-h Lu]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''6'''
| RD2-score01-2='''6'''
| RD2-score01-3= 
| RD2-seed02= 
| RD2-team02={{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pablo Carreño Busta|P Carreño Busta]]}}
| RD2-score02-1=4
| RD2-score02-2=4
| RD2-score02-3= 

| RD2-seed03= 
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|GER}} [[Peter Gojowczyk|P Gojowczyk]]
| RD2-score03-1=3
| RD2-score03-2=2
| RD2-score03-3= 
| RD2-seed04=3
| RD2-team04='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Roberto Bautista Agut|R Bautista Agut]]}}'''
| RD2-score04-1='''6'''
| RD2-score04-2='''6'''
| RD2-score04-3= 

| RD2-seed05=5
| RD2-team05='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Guillermo García López|G García López]]}}'''
| RD2-score05-1=61
| RD2-score05-2='''6'''
| RD2-score05-3='''6'''
| RD2-seed06= 
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tatsuma Ito|T Ito]]
| RD2-score06-1='''77'''
| RD2-score06-2=2
| RD2-score06-3=0

| RD2-seed07=Q
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene|A Bedene]]'''
| RD2-score07-1='''6'''
| RD2-score07-2='''6'''
| RD2-score07-3= 
| RD2-seed08=2
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Feliciano López|F López]]
| RD2-score08-1=4
| RD2-score08-2=4
| RD2-score08-3= 

| RD3-seed01=6
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Lu Yen-hsun|Y-h Lu]]
| RD3-score01-1=67
| RD3-score01-2=4
| RD3-score01-3= 
| RD3-seed02=3
| RD3-team02='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Roberto Bautista Agut|R Bautista Agut]]}}'''
| RD3-score02-1='''79'''
| RD3-score02-2='''6'''
| RD3-score02-3= 

| RD3-seed03=5
| RD3-team03={{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Guillermo García López|G García López]]}}
| RD3-score03-1='''6'''
| RD3-score03-2=3
| RD3-score03-3=2
| RD3-seed04=Q
| RD3-team04='''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene|A Bedene]]'''
| RD3-score04-1=2
| RD3-score04-2='''6'''
| RD3-score04-3='''6'''

| RD4-seed01=3
| RD4-team01={{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Roberto Bautista Agut|R Bautista Agut]]}}
| RD4-score01-1='''6'''
| RD4-score01-2=3
| RD4-score01-3=68
| RD4-seed02=Q
| RD4-team02='''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene|A Bedene]]'''
| RD4-score02-1=3
| RD4-score02-2='''6'''
| RD4-score02-3='''710'''
}}

==Qualifying==

===Seeds===
The top [[seed (tennis)|seed]] received a [[bye (tennis)|bye]] into the second round.

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
{{seeds|1}}{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Damir Džumhur]] ''(qualifying competition)''
{{seeds|2}}{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Kudryavtsev]] ''(second round)''
{{seeds|3}}{{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Evgeny Donskoy]] (qualified)'''
{{seeds|4}}{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Illya Marchenko]] ''(qualifying competition)''
{{seeds|5}}{{flagicon|SLO}} '''[[Aljaž Bedene]] (qualified)'''
{{seeds|6}}{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Luca Vanni]] (qualified)'''
{{seeds|7}}{{flagicon|GER}} [[Peter Torebko]] ''(second round)''
{{seeds|8}}{{flagicon|IND}} [[Yuki Bhambri]] ''(second round)''
}}

===Qualifiers===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# '''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Vanni]]'''
# '''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene]]'''
# '''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Donskoy]]'''
# '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]]'''
}}

===Qualifying draw===

====First qualifier====
{{8TeamBracket-Compact-Byes
| sets=3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Qualifying competition

|team-width=175

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Michael Venus (tennis)|Michael Venus]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''6'''
| RD1-score3-2='''6'''
| RD1-score3-3= 
| RD1-seed4= 
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Chandril Sood]]
| RD1-score4-1=3
| RD1-score4-2=4
| RD1-score4-3= 

| RD1-seed5= 
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Thomas Fabbiano]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''6'''
| RD1-score5-2='''6'''
| RD1-score5-3= 
| RD1-seed6=WC
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Robinson Manoah]]
| RD1-score6-1=0
| RD1-score6-2=0
| RD1-score6-3= 

| RD1-seed7=WC
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravi Rashwant]]
| RD1-score7-1=2
| RD1-score7-2=2
| RD1-score7-3= 
| RD1-seed8=6
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Vanni]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''6'''
| RD1-score8-2='''6'''
| RD1-score8-3= 

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Damir Džumhur]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''6'''
| RD2-score1-2='''6'''
| RD2-score1-3= 
| RD2-seed2= 
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|NZL}} [[Michael Venus (tennis)|Michael Venus]]
| RD2-score2-1=2
| RD2-score2-2=4
| RD2-score2-3= 

| RD2-seed3= 
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Thomas Fabbiano]]
| RD2-score3-1=4
| RD2-score3-2=2
| RD2-score3-3= 
| RD2-seed4=6
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Vanni]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''6'''
| RD2-score4-2='''6'''
| RD2-score4-3= 

| RD3-seed1=1
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|BIH}} [[Damir Džumhur]]
| RD3-score1-1='''77'''
| RD3-score1-2=4
| RD3-score1-3=4
| RD3-seed2=6
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Vanni]]'''
| RD3-score2-1=62
| RD3-score2-2='''6'''
| RD3-score2-3='''6'''
}}

====Second qualifier====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Qualifying competition

|team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=2
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Kudryavtsev]]'''
| RD1-score1-1=64
| RD1-score1-2='''7'''
| RD1-score1-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed2= 
| RD1-team2={{nowrap|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohit Mayur Jayaprakash]]}}
| RD1-score2-1='''77'''
| RD1-score2-2=5
| RD1-score2-3=2

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|THA}} [[Danai Udomchoke]]
| RD1-score3-1='''6'''
| RD1-score3-2=4
| RD1-score3-3=2
| RD1-seed4= 
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vinayak Sharma Kaza]]'''
| RD1-score4-1=3
| RD1-score4-2='''6'''
| RD1-score4-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed5= 
| RD1-team5='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]]}}'''
| RD1-score5-1='''6'''
| RD1-score5-2='''6'''
| RD1-score5-3= 
| RD1-seed6= 
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshit Sood]]
| RD1-score6-1=2
| RD1-score6-2=2
| RD1-score6-3= 

| RD1-seed7=WC
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal]]
| RD1-score7-1=2
| RD1-score7-2=0
| RD1-score7-3= 
| RD1-seed8=5
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''6'''
| RD1-score8-2='''6'''
| RD1-score8-3= 

| RD2-seed1=2
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alexander Kudryavtsev]]
| RD2-score1-1=4
| RD2-score1-2='''77'''
| RD2-score1-3=64
| RD2-seed2= 
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vinayak Sharma Kaza]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''6'''
| RD2-score2-2=65
| RD2-score2-3='''77'''

| RD2-seed3= 
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan]]
| RD2-score3-1=4
| RD2-score3-2=4
| RD2-score3-3= 
| RD2-seed4=5
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''6'''
| RD2-score4-2='''6'''
| RD2-score4-3= 

| RD3-seed1= 
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Vinayak Sharma Kaza]]
| RD3-score1-1=0
| RD3-score1-2=4
| RD3-score1-3= 
| RD3-seed2=5
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Aljaž Bedene]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''6'''
| RD3-score2-2='''6'''
| RD3-score2-3= 
}}

====Third qualifier====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Qualifying competition

|team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=3
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Donskoy]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''6'''
| RD1-score1-2='''6'''
| RD1-score1-3= 
| RD1-seed2= 
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Mate Pavić]]
| RD1-score2-1=4
| RD1-score2-2=4
| RD1-score2-3= 

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Egor Gerasimov]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''6'''
| RD1-score3-2='''6'''
| RD1-score3-3= 
| RD1-seed4= 
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Akash Wang]]
| RD1-score4-1=1
| RD1-score4-2=0
| RD1-score4-3= 

| RD1-seed5=WC
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Fahad Mohammed]]
| RD1-score5-1=3
| RD1-score5-2=4
| RD1-score5-3= 
| RD1-seed6= 
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sasikumar Mukund]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''6'''
| RD1-score6-2='''6'''
| RD1-score6-3= 

| RD1-seed7= 
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|AUT}} [[Oliver Marach]]
| RD1-score7-1=3
| RD1-score7-2=0r
| RD1-score7-3= 
| RD1-seed8=7
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Peter Torebko]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''6'''
| RD1-score8-2=1
| RD1-score8-3= 

| RD2-seed1=3
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Donskoy]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''6'''
| RD2-score1-2=1
| RD2-score1-3='''7'''
| RD2-seed2= 
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|BLR}} [[Egor Gerasimov]]
| RD2-score2-1=2
| RD2-score2-2='''6'''
| RD2-score2-3=5

| RD2-seed3= 
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sasikumar Mukund]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''6'''
| RD2-score3-2=1
| RD2-score3-3='''6'''
| RD2-seed4=7
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|GER}} [[Peter Torebko]]
| RD2-score4-1=4
| RD2-score4-2='''6'''
| RD2-score4-3=2

| RD3-seed1=3
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Donskoy]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''6'''
| RD3-score1-2='''6'''
| RD3-score1-3= 
| RD3-seed2= 
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sasikumar Mukund]]
| RD3-score2-1=0
| RD3-score2-2=0
| RD3-score2-3= 
}}

====Fourth qualifier====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Qualifying competition

|team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=4
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Illya Marchenko]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''6'''
| RD1-score1-2='''6'''
| RD1-score1-3= 
| RD1-seed2= 
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|CZE}} [[František Čermák]]
| RD1-score2-1=3
| RD1-score2-2=4
| RD1-score2-3= 

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Vardhan]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''6'''
| RD1-score3-2='''6'''
| RD1-score3-3= 
| RD1-seed4= 
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Suraj Prabodh]]
| RD1-score4-1=1
| RD1-score4-2=3
| RD1-score4-3= 

| RD1-seed5= 
| RD1-team5='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]]}}'''
| RD1-score5-1='''6'''
| RD1-score5-2=5
| RD1-score5-3= 
| RD1-seed6= 
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha]]
| RD1-score6-1=1
| RD1-score6-2=2r
| RD1-score6-3= 

| RD1-seed7= 
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sidharth Rawat]]
| RD1-score7-1=1
| RD1-score7-2=3
| RD1-score7-3= 
| RD1-seed8=8
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Yuki Bhambri]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''6'''
| RD1-score8-2='''6'''
| RD1-score8-3= 

| RD2-seed1=4
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Illya Marchenko]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''7'''
| RD2-score1-2='''6'''
| RD2-score1-3= 
| RD2-seed2= 
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnu Vardhan]]
| RD2-score2-1=5
| RD2-score2-2=4
| RD2-score2-3= 

| RD2-seed3= 
| RD2-team3='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]]}}'''
| RD2-score3-1=1
| RD2-score3-2='''77'''
| RD2-score3-3='''6'''
| RD2-seed4=8
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Yuki Bhambri]]
| RD2-score4-1='''6'''
| RD2-score4-2=63
| RD2-score4-3=3

| RD3-seed1=4
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Illya Marchenko]]
| RD3-score1-1='''6'''
| RD3-score1-2=67
| RD3-score1-3=5
| RD3-seed2= 
| RD3-team2='''{{nowrap|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Sundar Prashanth]]}}'''
| RD3-score2-1=2
| RD3-score2-2='''79'''
| RD3-score2-3='''7'''
}}

==References==
* [http://www.atpworldtour.com/posting/2015/891/mds.pdf Main Draw]
* [http://www.atpworldtour.com/posting/2015/891/qs.pdf Qualifying Draw]

{{2015 ATP World Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aircel Chennai Open - Singles, 2015}}
[[Category:2015 Aircel Chennai Open|Singles]]