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Chanditala Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T13:51:01Z

Samyam517: starting

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chanditala
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Chanditala.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Chanditala Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Swati Khandoker]]
| party = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}+
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sreerampur Lok Sabha constituency|Sreerampur]]
| constituency_no = 194
| established = 1962
| electors = 201,831
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Chanditala Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[Hooghly District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 194 Chanditala Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Dankuni Municipality]] & Bhogabatipur, [[Gangadharpur]], Krishnarampur, Kumirmorah and Nababpur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Chanditala I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] Baksa, Barijhati, Chanditala, Garalgacha, Janai, and Naiti gram panchayats of [[Chanditala II]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 26 July 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission}}</ref>

Chanditala Assembly constituency is part of No. 27 [[Sreerampur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2| Party
|-
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Kanai Lali Dey
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" | Mohammad Abdul Latif
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| Kaji Safiulla
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Safiulla
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="4" | Malin Ghosh
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=4|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| Akbar Ali Khandoker
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| rowspan="2" | Bhaktaram Pan
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Swati Khandoker]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chanditala}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Swati Khandoker]]|party=Trinamool Congress|votes=1,07,143|percentage=47.1|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Debasish Mukherjee|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=87,480|percentage=38.46|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sheikh Asif Ali|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=25,438|percentage=11.18|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sheikh Abu Abbasuddin|party=Indian National Congress|votes=2,458|percentage=1.08|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes=1,441|percentage=0.64|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=19,663|percentage=8.64|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,27,472|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chanditala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Swati Khandoker]]
|votes = 1,03,118
|percentage = 49.79
|change = {{increase}}1.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Yash Dasgupta]]
|votes = 61,771
|percentage = 29.83
|change = {{increase}}23.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]
|votes = 37,161
|percentage = 17.94
|change = {{decrease}}22.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]
|votes = 2,156
|percentage = 1.04
|change = {{decrease}}0.70
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Abdul Rahim Mollick
|votes = 1,886
|percentage = 0.91
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Onkar Majumder
|votes = 1,014
|percentage = 0.49
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 41,347
|percentage = 19.96
|change = {{increase}}12.51
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,07,106
|percentage = 78.67
|change = {{decrease}}0.50
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chanditala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Swati Khandoker]]
|votes = 91,874
|percentage = 48.28
|change = {{decrease}}4.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Azim Ali Mohammad Sheikh
|votes = 77,698
|percentage = 40.83
|change = {{decrease}}1.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sudipta Chattopadhyay
|votes = 12,843
|percentage = 6.75
|change = {{increase}}3.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]
|votes = 3,305
|percentage = 1.74
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Raghuwansh Dwivedy
|votes = 1,970
|percentage = 1.04
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = IUC
|candidate = Moidul Islam Laskar
|votes = 1,426
|percentage = 0.75
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Dinabandhu Dutta
|votes = 1,184
|percentage = 0.62
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 14,176
|percentage = 7.45
|change = {{decrease}}2.83
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,90,300
|percentage = 79.17
|change = {{decrease}}2.35
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chanditala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Swati Khandoker]]
|votes = 86,394
|percentage = 52.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Azim Ali Mohammad Sheikh
|votes = 69,474
|percentage = 42.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sudipta Chattopadhyay
|votes = 5,413
|percentage = 3.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = PDCI
|candidate = Swagata Ghosh
|votes = 3,419
|percentage = 2.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 16,920
|percentage = 10.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,64,700
|percentage = 81.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]] and 2001 state assembly elections Bhaktaram Pan of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Chanditala assembly seat defeating Swati Khandoker of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2006<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislativer Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and Amit Mitra of Trinamool Congress in 2001.<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Akbar Ali Khandakar of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] defeated Malin Ghosh of CPI(M) in 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref> Malin Ghosh of CPI(M) defeated Akbar Ali Khandakar of Congress in 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Ali Hossain Jamadar of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Nisith Kamal of Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and Seikh Abdur Rahim of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp178.htm |title = 178 - Chanditala Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 1 December 2010}}</ref>

===1962-1972===
Safiulla of Congress won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Kaji Safiulla of CPI(M) won in 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No ?|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Mohammad Abdul Latif, Independent, won in 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Kanai Lall Dey of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hooghly topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Kohli

2026-05-03T22:31:40Z

Samyam517: made basic details with sources

'''Kohli''' may refer to any of the unrelated surnames of Indian and Swiss-German origins.{{Cn|date=September 2025}}

==Academia==
Notable:
* Sita Ram Kohli, eminent historian, researcher, and author in the fields of Punjabi and Sikh history

Others:
* [[Atul Kohli]], professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University
* [[Daman Singh]] (born 1963), Indian author
* [[Gursharan Kaur]] (born 1937), Indian historian, professor and author
* [[Upinder Singh]] (born 1958), Indian historian, professor and author

== Administration ==
* [[Ajay Kohli]], American marketing theorist and former editor-in-chief of the Journal of Marketing.
* [[D. P. Kohli]], the founder Director of the CBI, India's Central Investigation Agency
* [[F. C. Kohli]] (1924–2020), Indian industrialist and founder of Tata Consultancy Services, also known as father of Indian software industry
* [[Pawanexh Kohli]] (born 1963), Chief Executive and Advisor of India's National Centre for Cold-chain Development
* [[Ravina Raj Kohli]], former President of STAR News
* [[R. K. Kohli]] (born 1953), Indian educational administrator and Vice-Chancellor of Amity University
* [[Sunil Kumar Kohli]] (born 1958), 46th Controller General of Defence Accounts of India

== Armed Forces ==
* [[Sourendra Nath Kohli]] (1916–1997), former Indian Navy chief
* [[Mohan Singh Kohli]] (1931–2025), Indian Naval captain and mountaineer who led India's first mission to climb Mount Everest

== Entertainment ==

Notable:
* [[Madan Mohan (composer)]] (1924–1975), Indian singer and composer
* [[Dev Kohli]] (1942–2023), Indian poet and lyricist

Others:
* [[Armaan Kohli]], Indian actor
* [[Bisham Kohli]], Indian film personality, better known as Vishal Anand
* [[Girish Kohli]] (born 1983), Indian author and screenwriter
* [[Gurdeep Kohli]] (born 1980), Indian actor
* [[Hardeep Singh Kohli]] (born 1969), British presenter
* [[Himansh Kohli]] (born 1989), Indian actor
* [[Jas Kohli]], Indian author
* [[Kuku Kohli]] (born 1949), Indian director, writer, editor and screenwriter
* [[Kunal Kohli]] (born 1969), Indian film director, producer and writer
* [[Narendra Kohli]] (1940–2021), Indian Hindi-language author
* [[Neelu Kohli]], Indian television actress
* [[Nishi (actress)]] (born 1935), Indian actor
* [[Purab Kohli]] (born 1979), Indian actor, model and former video jockey
* [[Rahul Kohli]], English actor
* [[Rajkumar Kohli]] (1930–2023), Indian film director
* [[Raul Kohli]], English standup comedian
* [[Rochak Kohli]] (born 1983), Indian music director, composer, singer, instrumentalist and lyricist
* [[Sanjeev Kohli]] (born 1971), British Indian comedian, writer and actor
* [[Seema Kohli]], Indian artist
* [[Sunita Kohli]], Indian interior designer
* [[Vikas Kohli]], Indian musician and music producer

== Judiciary ==

* [[Hima Kohli]] (born 1959), Judge of the Supreme Court of India and former Chief Justice of the Telangana High Court
* [[Nalin Kohli]], Indian advocate and politician
* [[Permod Kohli]] (born 1951), Indian Judge and former Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court
* [[Pushpa Kumari Kohli]] (born 1990), first female Hindu police officer in Pakistan

== Politics ==

* [[Manmohan Singh]] (1933–2024), former Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014
* [[Ajit Pal Singh Kohli]], Indian politician and MLA from Patiala Assembly constituency
* [[Amolak Rattan Kohli]] (born 1942), former governor of the Indian state of Mizoram from 2001 to 2006
* [[Om Prakash Kohli]] (1935–2023), former governor of the Indian state of Gujarat from 2014 to 2019
* [[Abdul Ghani Kohli]] (born 1943), Indian J&K politician
* [[Mohammad Aslam Kohli]], Indian J&K politician
* [[Krishna Kohli]] (born 1979), Pakistani politician (While her name is spelled as Kohli, she originates from the [[Koli people]], who are unrelated to the Kohlis of the [[Khukhrain]] clan)
* [[Kuli Kohli]] (born 1970), Indian-British poet, writer, disabled activist and local council member
* [[Veeru Kohli]] (1964–2023), Pakistani human rights activist (While her name is spelled as Kohli, she originates from the [[Koli people]], who are unrelated to the Kohlis of the [[Khukhrain]] clan)

== Science and medicine ==

* [[Anil Kohli]], Indian dental surgeon and former president of the Dental Council of India.
* [[Martin Kohli]] (born 1942), Swiss sociologist
* [[Prerna Kohli]] (born 1965), Indian clinical psychologist
* [[Pushmeet Kohli]], American computer scientist at Google DeepMind where he heads the "Robust and Reliable AI" and "AI for Science" teams.
* [[Sanjai Kohli]], Indian electrical engineer known for his work in developing GPS
* [[Seetu Kohli]], Indian architect and interior designer
* [[Sunita Kohli]] (born 1946), Indian architect

== Sports ==
Notable:
* [[Mohan Singh Kohli]] (1931–2025), Indian Naval captain and mountaineer who led India's first mission to climb Mount Everest

Other:
* [[Fränzi Mägert-Kohli]] (born 1982), Swiss snowboarder
* [[Kabir Kohli]] (born 2000), Indian footballer
* [[Palak Kohli]] (born 2002), Indian professional Para-badminton player
* [[Parth Kohli]] (born 1996), Indian cricketer
* [[Nikhil Kohli]] (born 1996), Indian cricketer
* [[Shah Kohli]] (born 1976), Indian Judo player
* [[Shashwat Kohli]] (born 1997), Indian cricketer
* [[Sushil Kohli]] (born 1953), Indian swimmer and water polo player, Asian Games bronze medalist
* [[Taruwar Kohli]] (born 1988), Indian cricketer * [[Virat Kohli]] (born 1988), Indian cricketer

== See also ==

{{surname}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Swiss German–language surnames]]
[[Category:Khatri surnames]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]
[[Category:Surnames of Hindu origin]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]

P. M. Kunhiraman Nambiar

2026-05-03T06:07:52Z

Samyam517:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = P. M. Kunhiraman Nambiar
|image = [[File:P.M. Kunhiraman Nambiar and wife.JPG|P.M. Kunhiraman Nambiar and wife|200px]]
|caption = P. M. Kunhiraman with his wife
|birth_date = 30 July 1905
|death_date = 25 November 1998
|office = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency = [[Quilandy Assembly constituency|Koilandi]]
|term_start = 1957
|predecessor =
|term_end =
|successor =
}}
'''P. M. Kunhiraman Nambiar''' (30 July 1905 – 25 November 1998) was an Indian politician and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John |first=K. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JZuAAAAMAAJ&q=P.+M.+Kunhiraman+Nambiar |title=Songs of Freedom: Kerala's Many Mutinies |date=2006 |publisher=Frog Books |isbn=978-81-88811-27-4 |language=en}}</ref> He represented [[Quilandy Assembly constituency|Koilandi]] in the first and second [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members - Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m348.htm |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref> He was among the prominent leaders who reorganized the [[Congress Socialist Party]], which went to disarray after a faction of the Congress Socialist Party in Kerala evolved into the Communist Party in 1939.

==Early life and education==
Nambiar did his education from Azhikode South Elementary School. After passing the 5th standard, he continued his studies in a [[Sanskrit]] school called Kacheripara. After two years of Sanskrit studies, he then continued his studies at Rajas High School under the management of King Chirakal. Nambiar became a student at Kannur Municipal High School after completing his 8th standard.

He started showing interest in politics during his college time. In the nationwide agitation against the [[Simon Commission]], Kunjiraman organized several college students to boycott the Simon Commission which led to his suspension from college. After the suspension was lifted, he continued his education. During his second year at college, he suffered a severe injury during gymnastics practice that ended his college education.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Piḷḷa |first=E. Ke |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dyo-AAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.+%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC |title=കോൺഗ്രസ്സും കേരളവും |date=1986 |publisher=Ḍi. Si. Buks |language=ml}}</ref>

==Political career==

After his college education came to an end, Nambiar started actively participating in Congress activities. He protested against the practices like untouchability. He participated in events like pantibhojan, marching Harijans along public roads, demonstrations, public meetings etc. During that time he suffered a deep injury to the chest by a tamalika to him after he attended the wedding of an Ezhavan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Viṣṇubhāratīyan |first=Vi Eṃ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=md4HAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.+%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC |title=അടിമകളെങ്ങനെ ഉടമകളായി |date=1980 |publisher=Pr̲abhātaṃ Pr̲inr̲iṅg ānḍ Pabḷiṣiṅg Kampani |language=ml}}</ref>

On 20 December 1924, during a huge Harijan meeting held near Pashiangadi, a foot procession of Harijans from Azhik under the leadership of Nambiar ignored the strong opposition of the conservatives and crossed the Valapatnam River for about ten minutes and reached the meeting place. For [[Khadi]] promotion, with the cooperation of his colleagues, he set up charka classes and actively conducted the programs of spinning, weaving, and house-to-house sale of cotton cloth.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4IRAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.+%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC |title=Keralattile kongrasa |date=1967 |language=ml}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambiar, P. M. Kunhiraman}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1957–1959]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1960–1964]]

Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh

2026-04-30T05:29:47Z

Samyam517: creating

{{Short description|Ethnic persecution of the Bihari minority in Bangladesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
[[File:Map of the Distribution of Urdu-Speaking Bihari Communities in Bangladesh.png|thumb|A map showing the distribution of Urdu-speaking Bihari communities in Bangladesh.]]
The [[Biharis in Bangladesh|Bihari minority in Bangladesh]] have experienced widespread discrimination. Within Bangladesh, the term [[Biharis|Bihari]] implies the [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Urdu-speaking migrants]] from the Indian state of [[Bihar]] who settled in [[East Pakistan]] after the [[partition of India]] in 1947. Later on, all [[Urdu-speaking people]], including [[Punjabis]], [[Pashtuns|Pathans]], [[Sindhis]] and [[Baloch people|Baloch]] from [[West Pakistan]], who were posted to East Pakistan or settled there were often labeled as ''Biharis'' by Bengalis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Redclift |first1=Victoria |title=The demobilization of diaspora: history, memory and 'latent identity' |journal=Global Networks |year=2017 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=500–517 |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12150}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hali |first=S. M. |date=30 March 2022 |title=The plight of Biharis |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40163908 |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=Business Recorder |language=en}}</ref>

Biharis opposed the [[Bengali language movement]] of the people of then East Pakistan in the 1950s which stoked [[anti-Bihari sentiment]]. During the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], they largely maintained a [[Pro-Pakistan sentiment|pro-Pakistani]] stance, supported the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] and opposed the [[independence of Bangladesh]]. Many Biharis became collaborators or accomplices of pro-government paramilitary groups in [[Pakistan Army]]'s [[Bangladesh genocide|Bengali genocide]] which led to mass reprisal killings of Biharis.<ref name=":3">[https://www.genocidebangladesh.org/collaborators-and-war-criminals/ BGA Report],
Bangladesh Genocide Archive. Retrieved 17 June 2025.</ref><ref name="Khan 2010 p101" /><ref name="Social 2005 p93" /><ref name="BBC 19 May 2008" /><ref>{{cite book |last=van Schendel |first=Willem |title=A History of Bangladesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Y2bBQAAQBAJ |year=2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-316-26497-3 |page=173 |access-date=28 June 2018 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207214523/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Y2bBQAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> Mass murders of Biharis by Bengalis in 1971 have been dubbed as "'''Bihari genocide'''" by several academics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Qasmi |first=Ali Usman |date=October 2023 |title=Sorry for what? Asking the right questions about the Bangladeshi liberation war and Pakistan's military operation in 1971 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/sorry-for-what-asking-the-right-questions-about-the-bangladeshi-liberation-war-and-pakistans-military-operation-in-1971/1644CE2D94DCD5EAD18EB12B9D21DD50 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |language=en |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=871–897 |doi=10.1017/S1356186322000839 |issn=1356-1863|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Listening to the Subaltern: Oral Histories of the 1971 Bihari Refugees |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/71e526fb4017b778fecf94c7c0ed1c2d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y}}</ref>

Many migrated to Pakistan prior to, during and in the aftermath of the war. Those that remained have since assimilated into the [[Bengali Muslims|Bengali population of Bangladesh]] though a significant number of them are still located in refugee camps across Bangladesh and are known as "[[Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh|Stranded Pakistanis]]".<ref name="minority rights" /> According to one estimate, at least 250,000 Biharis reside in urban refugee camps in Bangladesh.<ref name="Faq" /> These Biharis have faced institutionalised discrimination linked to their citizenship status,<ref name="Bradley 2013 p201" /> and many live in squalor conditions.<ref>Bremen Donovan (2014){{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/gallery/2014/aug/11/stranded-pakistanis-camps-bangladesh-bihari-in-pictures |title='Stranded Pakistanis' living in camps in Bangladesh – in pictures |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603173848/http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/gallery/2014/aug/11/stranded-pakistanis-camps-bangladesh-bihari-in-pictures |archive-date=3 June 2016}}</ref>

== Background ==
The 1947 [[partition of India]] displaced between 12 and 18 million people.<ref name="Kibria2011" /> Millions of Muslims migrated from [[Dominion of India|India]] to [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] while millions of Hindus and Sikhs migrated from Pakistan to India.<ref name="KukrejaSingh2005" />

Along with several other parts of [[British India]], [[Bihar Province|Bihar]] (now a [[Bihar|state in eastern India]]) was plagued by communal violence between Muslims and Hindus due to partition.<ref name="Southwick 2011 p117" /> Thousands of [[Bihari Muslims]] were [[1946 Bihar riots|killed in October and November 1946]], the [[All-India Muslim League]] organized the rehabilitation of the Bihari refugees in [[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sind]]. The arrival of Bihari refugees in camps in Sindh and [[Bengal Province (British India)|Bengal]] in 1946 paralleled the later movement of refugees in 1947.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=Papiya |year=2001 |title=The Changing Discourse of the Muhajirs |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=57–68 |jstor=23005560}}</ref> It is estimated that up to one million eventually migrated to [[East Pakistan]].<ref name="Biju 2010 p246" />

== History ==

=== 1971 Bangladesh war ===
One reason cited for communal violence between [[Bihari Muslims|Biharis]] and [[Bengalis]] was Bengali opposition to [[Urdu]] as a national language, which resulted in the [[Bengali language movement]]. The relatively secular attitude of East Pakistan increased tensions between the two communities and the two provinces of the country.<ref name=UStudies>{{cite book |chapter=Pakistan Period (1947–71) |chapter-url=http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/14.htm |year=1989 |editor1-last=Heitzman |editor1-first=James |editor2-last=Worden |editor2-first=Robert |url=http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/ |title=Bangladesh: A Country Study |publisher=Government Printing Office, Country Studies US |isbn=0-16-017720-0 |access-date=16 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622211513/http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/21.htm |archive-date=22 June 2011}}</ref> In the [[1970 Pakistani general election|1970 general elections]], Biharis predominantly supported the mostly [[Pakistan People's Party]] (based in West Pakistan) over the [[All-Pakistan Awami League]] (based in East Pakistan and overwhelmingly supported by Bengalis) and played an active anti-secessionist role during the liberation war.<ref name="Biju 2010 p246" />

Biharis supported the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] during the subsequent [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], comprising majorities in armed paramilitary groups such as [[Al-Shams (East Pakistan)|Al-Shams]], [[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakars]] and [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]] which were responsible for the [[Bangladesh genocide|genocidal campaign]] against Bengali nationalists and both [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali Hindu]] and [[Bengali Muslims|Bengali Muslim]] civilians.<ref name=":3" />

In early March 1971, 300 Biharis were killed. The [[Santahar massacre]] of Biharis was perpetrated by the [[Mukti Bahini]], the Bengali resistance force, and Bengali mobs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamrani |first=Farrukh |date=2017-12-15 |title=Fall of Dhaka: How Mukti Bahini ‘cleansed’ Santahar town of non-Bengalis |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1585095/mukti-bahini-cleansed-santahar-non-bengalis |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> This was used by the [[Pakistan Army]] as a justification to launch [[Operation Searchlight]] against the Bengali nationalist movement.<ref name="D'Costa" />

Biharis were also massacred in [[Jessore]] and [[Khulna]].<ref name="Gerlach2010p149" />

The magnitude of anti-Bihari attacks by Bengalis throughout the war are contested. The [[Minorities at Risk]] project puts the number of Biharis killed during the war at 1,000. Bengali sources admit the death of as many as 30,000 or 40,000 non-Bengalis.<ref name="Gerlach2010p148" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |title=The Civilianization of War: The Changing Civil–Military Divide, 1914–2014 |date=20 July 2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108453042 |editor-last=Barros |editor-first=Andrew |pages=129-130 |language=en |chapter=East Pakistan/Bangladesh 1971–1972: How Many Victims, Who, and Why? |quote=Deaths among ‘Biharis’ have been variously estimated at between several thousand and over 500,000. Most Bengali estimates range from the low thousands to 40,000; estimates by foreign observers are still more divergent, spanning 20,000 to 200,000. According to official Pakistani figures in a ‘White Paper’ published in August 1971, more than 100,000 ‘Biharis’ were killed; however, the incidents actually listed in the White Paper amounted to 64,100 deaths, while up to April 1971 just over 20,000 bodies had been found. I accept 20,000 as a minimum figure for the deaths of ‘Biharis’; the actual number was probably much higher. |editor-last2=Thomas |editor-first2=Martin|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/civilianization-of-war/east-pakistanbangladesh-19711972-how-many-victims-who-and-why/A133E09382910B5E4332412FAD212721|last=Gerlach|first=Christian}}</ref> International estimates vary from 20,000 to 200,000.<ref name=":4" /> According to a white paper released by the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani government]], 64,000 Biharis and West Pakistanis were killed.<ref name="Jones" /> The US Consul estimated 66,000 deaths.<ref name="MAR-1" />

In June 1971, Bihari representatives claimed a figure of 500,000 Biharis were killed.<ref name="Gerlach2010p148" /> Although, according to the [[1961 Pakistani census|available census data of that time]], the total Bihari population was approximately 1 million in East and West Pakistan in 1970 with the majority living in East Pakistan, approximately 300,000 left Bangladesh before and immediately after the beginning of the Liberation War to avoid reprisal attacks.<ref name="Gerlach2010p148">{{cite book |last=Gerlach |first=Christian |author-link=Christian Gerlach |year=2010 |title=Extremely Violent Societies: Mass Violence in the Twentieth-Century World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48N-XbOltMEC&pg=PA148 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=148 |isbn=978-1-139-49351-2 |access-date=24 September 2016 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207214806/https://books.google.com/books?id=48N-XbOltMEC&pg=PA148 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYBrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA334 |title=Death by Government |last=Rummel |first=R.J. |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |year=1997 |isbn=9781560009276 |pages=334 |access-date=23 January 2022 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207214903/https://books.google.com/books?id=aYBrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA334 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Scholars such as [[Rudolph Rummel|R. J. Rummel]] and Matthew White estimate the death toll of Bengali civilians killed during Pakistan Army's genocidal campaign at 1.5 million.<ref name="Rummel R. J." /><ref name="White, Matthew J. p190" /> And Rummel, a historian with the [[University of Hawaiʻi]], concludes a prudent figure of 150,000 Bihari civilians murdered by Bengali militias in retaliation.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Rummel R. J." />

According to historian [[Christian Gerlach]], many scholars have used the wartime actions of Biharis to understate/marginalize and/or justify atrocities against non-Bengalis or to suppress the memory of atrocities committed against them.<ref name="Gerlach2010p148" /> Ishrat Ferdousi, a researcher on 1971 atrocities, said the attacks on Biharis can be termed "[[genocide]]".<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=23 November 2011 |title=Bangladesh war trial sparks rival calls for justice |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/675367/bangladesh-war-trial-sparks-rival-calls-for-justice |access-date=26 April 2023 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Sarmila Bose]] in her book 2011 ''[[Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War]]'' argues that Bengalis are in a state of denial about the massacre.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="DR-001">{{cite news |date=16 June 2011 |title=Controversial book accuses Bengalis of 1971 war crimes |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13417170 |url-status=live |access-date=9 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708083223/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13417170 |archive-date=8 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="DR-003">{{cite news |date=3 October 2011 |title=Flying Blind: Waiting for a Real Reckoning on 1971 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=205005 |url-status=live |access-date=9 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213210628/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=205005 |archive-date=13 December 2013}}</ref> The [[Liberation War Museum|Liberation War Museum of Bangladesh]] has downplayed such massacres, calling them "isolated incidents."<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=15 December 2017 |title=Fall of Dhaka: How Mukti Bahini 'cleansed' Santahar town of non-Bengalis |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1585095/mukti-bahini-cleansed-santahar-non-bengalis |access-date=26 April 2023 |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |language=en |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203225827/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1585095/mukti-bahini-cleansed-santahar-non-bengalis |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Aftermath===
Mukti Bahini members also retaliated against non-Bengalis (primarily West Pakistanis and Biharis) in the aftermath of the Bangladesh Liberation War, such retaliatory actions resulted in killings.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/125298047/Sarmila_Bose_Dead_Reckoning_Memories_of_the_1971_Bangladesh_War Dead Reckoning]</ref> In March 1972, thousands of Biharis were killed in the [[1972 Khulna massacres]] by Bengali mobs.<ref name="The Age 1972" /><ref name=":2" />

===2014 Kalshi clashes===
In 2014, members of the ruling Awami League, aided by [[Bangladesh Police|police]] clashed with the members of the Urdu speaking community in Kalshi, [[Mirpur Thana|Mirpur]]<nowiki/>over land issues.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Azad |first1=Adib |last2=Shaon |first2=Ashif Islam |date=18 June 2014 |title=Mirpur clashes kill 10 Biharis |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/crime/2014/jun/15/mirpur-clashes-kill-10-biharis |newspaper=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=29 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121083425/http://www.dhakatribune.com/crime/2014/jun/15/mirpur-clashes-kill-10-biharis |archive-date=21 January 2016}}</ref> During these clashes, nine people including eight members of a family were burnt alive by Awami League and their supporters.<ref>{{cite news |title=9 burnt dead, another 'gunned down' |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/9-burnt-dead-another-gunned-down-28447 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |date=14 June 2015 |access-date=29 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119032607/http://www.thedailystar.net/9-burnt-dead-another-gunned-down-28447 |archive-date=19 January 2016}}</ref>

The Biharis blamed the attacks being directed by [[Elias Mollah]], the ethnic Bengali lawmaker of Mirpur.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biharis point fingers at Elias |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/biharis-point-fingers-at-elias-28718 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=29 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129052625/http://www.thedailystar.net/biharis-point-fingers-at-elias-28718 |archive-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> Elias Mollah denied involvement and blamed a "vested conspiracy" against him.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Kamran Reza |date=23 June 2014 |title=Bihari Camp Arson Attack: Elias Mollah denies role |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/crime/2014/jun/23/elias-mollah-denies-role |newspaper=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=29 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131154507/http://www.dhakatribune.com/crime/2014/jun/23/elias-mollah-denies-role |archive-date=31 January 2016}}</ref>

== Immigration, citizenship and reconciliation efforts {{anchor|Citizenship and efforts for reconciliation}} ==
{{Main|Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh|Muhajir (Pakistan)}}
Due to their initial pro-Pakistan stance, the Biharis were consistent in their wish to be [[Repatriation|repatriated]] to Pakistan. Initially, 83,000 Biharis (58,000 former civil servants and military personnel), members of divided families and 25,000 hardship cases were evacuated to Pakistan.<ref name="Ghosh2016"/>

The [[Supreme Court of Bangladesh]] ruled Biharis eligible for [[Bangladeshi nationality law|Bangladesh citizenship]] in 1972,<ref name="Khan 2010 p101" /><ref name=Ghazali>{{cite news |url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/5953-four-decades-of-sufferings-of-the-stranded-pakistanis-in-bangladesh |title=Four decades of sufferings of the stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh |last=Ghazali |first=Abdus Sattar |date=24 January 2013 |work=[[The Milli Gazette]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722105209/http://www.milligazette.com/news/5953-four-decades-of-sufferings-of-the-stranded-pakistanis-in-bangladesh |archive-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> and the [[Government of Bangladesh|Bangladesh government]] announced [[Executive order|Presidential Order]] 149 (1972), offering citizenship to Biharis. According to government sources 600,000 Biharis accepted the offer, and 539,669 opted to return to Pakistan.<ref name="Biju 2010 p247" /> According to historian Partha S. Ghosh approximately 470,000 out of these were repatriated to Pakistan through the [[International Committee of the Red Cross|International Red Cross]].<ref name="Ghosh2016">{{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Partha S. |title=Migrants, Refugees and the Stateless in South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X242DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |year=2016 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-93-5150-855-7 |pages=87–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/feature/2012/bangladesh-feature-2012-04-19.htm |title=Bangladesh: ICRC honoured for helping victims of 1971 conflict |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402221511/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/feature/2012/bangladesh-feature-2012-04-19.htm |archive-date=2 April 2013}}</ref> According to a [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] (UNHCR) report 170,000 Biharis were accepted by Pakistan in the [[Delhi Agreement]], and by 1974, 108,000 had been transferred to Pakistan (mainly by air); however, the repatriation process later stalled.<ref name="safhr" /> [[Surur Hoda]], a socialist leader, played an active role in solving the refugee crisis. He organized a delegation, headed by [[Labour Party (UK)|British Labour Party]] politicians [[David Ennals, Baron Ennals|David Ennals]] and [[Ben Whitaker (politician)|Ben Whitaker]], which encouraged many refugees to return to Pakistan.<ref name="McRobie 2003" />

In 1977, 4,790 families were repatriated. The [[government of Pakistan]] later stepped away from their promise of repatriation and in 1978 stripped Pakistanis remaining in Bangladesh of [[Pakistani nationality law|Pakistani citizenship]].<ref name="Ghazali" /> Researchers such as Sumit Sen maintain that the Pakistani government's denationalisation of the Biharis and reluctance to rehabilitate them in Pakistan are sufficient evidence of persecution to warrant refugee status.<ref>Sumit Sen (1999-2000). Stateless Refugees and the Right to Return: The Bihari Refugees of South Asia (Parts 1 & 2), [[International Journal of Refugee Law]] Vol.11 No.4 and Vol.12 No.1</ref>

Though 2,800 still immigrated to Pakistan in 1979; 7,000 in 1981; 6,000 in 1984; and 50 families in 1993.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farzana |first1=Kazi Fahmida |title=An Artificial Minority: The Stateless Biharis in Bangladesh |journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs |date=June 2009 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=223–235 |doi=10.1080/13602000902943682 |s2cid=143009440}}</ref>

By 1982, Pakistan had received 169,000 Biharis. A total of approximately 178,069 Biharis were repatriated to Pakistan between 1973 and 1993.<ref name="HofmannCaruso2011">{{cite book |last1=Hofmann |first1=Rainer |last2=Caruso |first2=Ugo |title=Minority Rights in South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yKCKe7J9Uq4C&pg=PA101 |year=2011 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-3-631-60916-3 |pages=101–}}</ref><ref name="KhanRahman2013">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Borhan Uddin |last2=Rahman |first2=Muhammad Mahbubur |title=Protection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrwwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |year=2013 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-4571-7 |pages=83–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sen |first=Sumit |title=Refugees and Rights |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-351-90562-6 |editor-last=Crock |editor-first=Mary |editor-link=Mary Crock |page=314 |chapter=Stateless Refugees and the Right to Return: The Bihari Refugees of South Asia - Part 2' |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7AokDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT367}}</ref> Of these, under the supervision of the UNHCR, over 119,000 Biharis were airlifted to Pakistan.<ref name="Rizvi1993">{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=H. |title=Pakistan and the Geostrategic Environment: A Study of Foreign Policy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SiHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34 |year=1993 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan UK]] |isbn=978-0-230-37984-8 |pages=34–}}</ref> Some Biharis also entered Pakistan through illegal means.<ref name="Rizvi1993"/>

In 1988, the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC) raised about $500 million for the repatriation and rehabilitation of Biharis to Pakistan.<ref name="Mahmud 1995" /> A special committee, the Rabita (Coordination) Trust Board, was formed by Pakistan President [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]. It received $14 million by 1992, and was requesting additional donations from [[Saudi Arabia]] and other [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Gulf states]] for the rehabilitation of Biharis.<ref name="Shah1997" /> Land allocated to Biharis in Pakistan in one colony in [[Mian Channu]] is now a slum.<ref name="TOI" /> The Biharis were targeted by the ethnic [[Sindhi people]] during the [[MQM insurrection (1978–1992)|1980s Karachi riots]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=MQM facing extinction |url=http://nation.com.pk/columns/30-Jun-2015/mqm-facing-extinction |newspaper=The Nation |language=en-US |access-date=30 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413161825/http://nation.com.pk/columns/30-Jun-2015/mqm-facing-extinction |archive-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>

Both countries have signed agreements on the repatriation of stateless people, but only a few hundred have reportedly managed to go to Pakistan. Organisations such as [[Refugees International]] have urged both governments to "grant citizenship to the hundreds of thousands of people who remain without effective nationality".<ref name="RefInt" /> As of 2006, the UNHCR had not addressed the plight of the Biharis.<ref name="RefInt" />

During his 2002 trip to Bangladesh, Pakistan president [[Pervez Musharraf]] said he sympathised with the plight of the Biharis but could not allow them to emigrate to Pakistan.<ref name="BBC 31 July 2002" /> Several groups in Pakistan have since urged their government to accept the Biharis.<ref name="Mirza 2005" /><ref name="Dawn 2004" />

In May 2003, a [[High Court Division, Supreme Court of Bangladesh|High Court]] ruling in Bangladesh allowed ten Bihari refugees to obtain citizenship and voting rights.<ref name="Rahman 6 May 2003" /> The ruling exposed a generation gap among Biharis. Younger Biharis were described as "elated" but many older people felt "despair at the enthusiasm" and said their true home was in Pakistan.<ref name="Lawson 28 May 2003" /> Many Biharis now seek greater civil rights and citizenship in Bangladesh.<ref name="grasp" />

On 19 May 2008, the High Court approved citizenship and voting rights for about 150,000 refugees who were minors at the time of Bangladesh's 1971 war of independence. Those born in the country since the war also gained citizenship and the right to vote.<ref name="Reuters 18 May 2008" /><ref name="Parveen 2008" /> Several political parties campaigned in the camps for the Bihari vote during the [[2008 Bangladeshi general election|2008 general election]], and the group was considered important to parties and candidates.<ref name="Manik 2008" /> Although the court ruling explicitly said that the Biharis are eligible to register to vote in the December 2008 elections, the [[Bangladesh Election Commission|Election Commission]] closed its rolls in August 2008 without enrolling them.<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/bangladesh-fails-to-register-its-urdu-speaking-citizens-as-voters_10084746.html "Bangladesh fails to register its Urdu-speaking citizens as voters"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193532/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/bangladesh-fails-to-register-its-urdu-speaking-citizens-as-voters_10084746.html |date=4 March 2016 }}. ''Thaindian''. 16 August 2008.</ref>

== Refugee camps ==
The refugee camps housing Biharis have become slums, the largest of which, known as "[[Geneva Camp]]" in [[Mohammadpur Thana|Mohammadpur]], [[Dhaka]], with over 25,000 people, is crowded and undeveloped; families up to 10 people typically live in a single room, one latrine is shared by 90 families and no more than five percent of the population has a formal education. Due to the lack of educational opportunity and poor living conditions, young men in the slums have set up an "Urdu Bhashi Jubo Chhatro Shongothon" ({{Literal translation|Urdu-Speaking Young Students Association}}) to increase educational opportunities in their community.<ref name="Rafferty 2010" /> Health and sanitation problems persist due to poor drainage and sewage systems, and the economic condition of Bihari refugees has been described in news reports and academic journals as extremely poor.<ref name="Rafferty 2010" />

The refugee camps housing Biharis, particularly the Geneva Camp, have frequently been reported as focal points for organized criminal activity, including [[Drug trafficking in Bangladesh|drug trafficking]] and [[Teen gangs in Bangladesh|teen gangs]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside the drug dens in Geneva Camp |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/364703/inside-the-drug-dens-in-geneva-camp |website=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=28 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Due to extreme overcrowding, these settlements have faced significant challenges regarding policing and governance.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228385977_Living_Like_Prisoner_Documenting_the_Experiences_of_Crime_and_Insecurity_of_Bihari_Community_in_Bangladesh |title=BC}}</ref>

Reports from Bangladeshi media indicate that specific camps have become hubs for the narcotics trade, particularly involving [[Ya ba|Yaba]] and [[heroin]]. In late 2024, following the political transition in Bangladesh, the Geneva Camp witnessed intensified armed clashes between rival factions vying for control over the local drug trade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Geneva Camp: Where people cower as 2 drug kingpins reign supreme |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/features/panorama/tale-two-camps-people-cower-drug-kingpins-reign-supreme-993726 |website=[[The Business Standard]] |date=15 November 2024 |access-date=28 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Most of the teen gangs plaguing Mohammadpur are controlled by the Bihari demographic and a disproportionate number of their members are of this demographic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Express |first=The Financial |title=Teen gang culture a curse for Mohammadpur: DMP |url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/metro-news/teen-gang-culture-a-curse-for-mohammadpur-dmp-1730132871 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Bangladesh|Pakistan}}
* [[Anti-Bihari sentiment]]
* [[Bihari Muslims]]
* [[Human rights in Bangladesh]]
* [[Mujahid Bahini (East Pakistan)]]

== References ==
{{reflist
| colwidth = 30em
| refs =

<ref name="BBC 19 May 2008">{{cite news |title=Citizenship for Bihari refugees |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7407757.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=19 May 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725170153/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7407757.stm |archive-date=25 July 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Social 2005 p93">{{cite book |last=Moss |first=Peter |year=2005 |title=Secondary Social Studies For Pakistan |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=[[Karachi]] |isbn=9780195977042 |page=93 |oclc=651126824}}</ref>

<ref name="MAR-1">{{cite web |title=Chronology for Biharis in Bangladesh |url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=77103 |work=The Minorities at Risk (MAR) Project |access-date=27 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729013252/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=77103 |archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="Khan 2010 p101">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Borhan Uddin |last2=Rahman |first2=Muhammad Mahbubur |year=2010 |editor1-last=Hofmann |editor1-first=Rainer |editor2-last=Caruso |editor2-first=Ugo |title=Minority Rights in South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yKCKe7J9Uq4C |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-3631609163 |page=101}}</ref>

<ref name="Bradley 2013 p201">{{cite book |last=Bradley |first=Megan |year=2013 |title=Refugee Repatriation: Justice, Responsibility and Redress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q3vmxFU2RIAC |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-02631-5 |page=201 |access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Southwick 2011 p117">{{cite book |last=Southwick |first=Catherine |year=2011 |editor1-last=Blitztor |editor1-first=Brad K. |editor2-last=Lynch |editor2-first=Maureen |chapter=The Urdu-speakers of Bangladesh: An unfinished story of enforcing citizenship rights |title=Statelessness and Citizenship: A Comparative Study on the Benefits of Nationality |publisher=Edward Elgar |isbn=978-1-84980-067-9 |page=117}}</ref>

<ref name="Biju 2010 p246">{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Chunnu |year=2010 |chapter=Refugees and Human Rights: Comparative Studies between Chakmas in India and Biharis in Bangladesh |editor-last=Biju |editor-first=M. R. |title=Developmental Issues in Contemporary India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGFw4Xyl4d8C&pg=PA246 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Concept Publishing |page=246 |isbn=978-81-8069-714-2}}</ref>

<ref name="Biju 2010 p247">{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Chunnu |year=2010 |chapter=Refugees and Human Rights: Comparative Studies between Chakmas in India and Biharis in Bangladesh |editor=M. R. Biju |title=Developmental Issues in Contemporary India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGFw4Xyl4d8C&pg=PA247 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Concept Publishing |page=247 |isbn=978-81-8069-714-2}}</ref>

<ref name="Rummel R. J.">{{cite web |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP8.HTM |title=Statistics of Pakistan's Democide |last1=Rummel |first1=R. J. |author-link=Rudolph Rummel |publisher=Hawaii.edu |access-date=1 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221160013/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP8.HTM |archive-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="White, Matthew J. p190">{{cite book |title=The Great Big Book of Horrible Things |publisher=W.W. Norton |author=White, Matthew J |location=New York |page=190}}</ref>

<ref name="Gerlach2010p149">{{cite book |last=Gerlach |first=Christian |author-link=Christian Gerlach |year=2010 |title=Extremely Violent Societies: Mass Violence in the Twentieth-Century World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48N-XbOltMEC&pg=PA149 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=149 |isbn=978-1-139-49351-2 |quote=while 57 [non-Bengalis] were killed in Khulna on March 5.}}</ref>

<ref name="D'Costa">{{cite book |last=D'Costa |first=Bina |year=2010 |title=Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0415565660 |page=103}}</ref>

<ref name="Jones">{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Adam |year=2010 |title=Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/genocidecomprehe00jone |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0415486194 |page=[https://archive.org/details/genocidecomprehe00jone/page/n265 231]}}</ref>

<ref name="The Age 1972">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19720315&id=RJwQAAAAIBAJ&pg=2332,2938998 |title=Massacre of Biharis in Bangladesh |work=[[The Age]] |date=15 March 1972 |access-date=4 June 2013 |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705191849/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19720315&id=RJwQAAAAIBAJ&pg=2332,2938998 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Mirza 2005">{{cite journal |last=Mirza |first=Abdul Maqsood |date=28 December 2005 |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/278024 |title=PRC Wants Urgent Steps for Biharis' Repatriation |journal=Arab News |access-date=26 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223452/http://www.arabnews.com/node/278024 |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Dawn 2004">{{cite news |title=MQM demands issuance of CNICs to Biharis |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/391750/mqm-demands-issuance-of-cnics-to-biharis |newspaper=Dawn |date=8 February 2004 |access-date=6 August 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="McRobie 2003">{{cite news |last=McRobie |first=George |date=30 June 2003 |title=Surur Hoda |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/30/guardianobituaries.india |newspaper=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827035708/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/30/guardianobituaries.india |archive-date=27 August 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="safhr">{{cite web |url=http://www.safhr.org/refugee_watch18_4.htm |title=South Asia Forum for Human Rights |publisher=SAFHR |date=18 April 2013 |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206070814/http://www.safhr.org/refugee_watch18_4.htm |archive-date=6 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="RefInt">{{cite web |url=http://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/in-depth-report/citizens-nowhere-stateless-biharis-bangladesh |title=Citizens of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh |publisher=Refugees International |date=15 February 2006 |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025135012/http://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/in-depth-report/citizens-nowhere-stateless-biharis-bangladesh |archive-date=25 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="BBC 31 July 2002">{{cite news |title=Musharraf wraps up Bangladesh visit |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2163374.stm |publisher=BBC |date=31 July 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040504181328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2163374.stm |archive-date=4 May 2004}}</ref>

<ref name="Mahmud 1995">{{cite news |last1=Mahmud |first1=Had |last2=Mir |first2=Amir |last3=Tohid |first3=Owais |date=8 November 1995 |title=Pakistan's Orphans |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200137 |newspaper=Outlook |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614231251/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200137 |archive-date=14 June 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Shah1997">{{cite book |last=Shah |first=Mehtab Ali |year=1997 |title=The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7czT4fipTyoC |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-86064-169-5 |page=73 |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |title=Will Nitish's visit boost Biharis in Pakistan? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Will-Nitishs-visit-boost-Biharis-in-Pakistan/articleshow/17093190.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616013440/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-05/india/34926082_1_biharis-bihar-chief-minister-nitish-kumar |url-status=live |archive-date=16 June 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="minority rights">{{cite web |url=http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5637 |title=Biharis |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |access-date=27 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511154837/http://minorityrights.org/?lid=5637 |archive-date=11 May 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Faq">{{cite web |url=http://www.faqs.org/minorities/South-Asia/Biharis-of-Bangladesh.html |title=Biharis of Bangladesh, World Directory of Minorities |publisher=Faqs.org |access-date=25 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605094250/http://www.faqs.org/minorities/South-Asia/Biharis-of-Bangladesh.html |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Rafferty 2010">{{cite news |last1=Rafferty |first1=Mark |last2=Gilmer |first2=Anna |date=17 July 2010 |title=Bangladesh's forgotten students: The Biharis struggle |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/study-abroad/100714/bangladesh-ethnic-persecution-bihari-bengali |newspaper=Global Post |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413072655/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/study-abroad/100714/bangladesh-ethnic-persecution-bihari-bengali |archive-date=13 April 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="Rahman 6 May 2003">{{cite news |last=Rahman |first=Waliur |date=6 May 2003 |title=Vote for 'stranded Pakistanis' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3003949.stm |publisher=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913161232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3003949.stm |archive-date=13 September 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="Lawson 28 May 2003">{{cite news |last=Lawson |first=Alastair |date=28 May 2003 |title=Mixed feelings over Bihari ruling |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2941974.stm |publisher=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040308021427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2941974.stm |archive-date=8 March 2004}}</ref>

<ref name="grasp">[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/8245 "Bangladesh: Stateless Biharis Grasp for a Resolution and Their Rights"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321134045/http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/8245 |date=21 March 2007 }}, Refugees International.</ref>

<ref name="Reuters 18 May 2008">{{cite news |title=Court rules that young Biharis are Bangladesh citizens |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-33636220080518 |work=Reuters |date=18 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625085949/http://in.reuters.com/article/2008/05/18/idINIndia-33636220080518 |archive-date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Parveen 2008">{{cite news |last=Parveen |first=Shahnaz |date=26 May 2006 |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=38148 |title=Citizenship debate comes to end but doubts and worries remain |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=19 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072811/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=38148 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Manik 2008">{{cite news |last=Manik |first=Julfikar Ali |date=26 December 2008 |title=Parties go innovative to grab Bihari votes |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=68785 |newspaper=The Daily Star |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224220624/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=68785 |archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="KukrejaSingh2005">{{cite book |last1=Waseem |first1=Mohammad |editor1-last=Kukreja |editor1-first=Veena |editor2-last=Singh |editor2-first=M P |year=2005 |chapter=Causes of Democratic Downslide in Pakistan |title=Pakistan: Democracy, Development and Security Issues |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHZrCE-hvGAC&pg=PA40 |publisher=Sage Publications |page=40 |isbn=978-0-7619-3416-5}}</ref>

<ref name="Kibria2011">{{cite book |last=Kibria |first=Nazli |year=2011 |title=Muslims in Motion: Islam and National Identity in the Bangladeshi Diaspora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Di6Sm2efKocC&pg=PA11 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |page=11 |isbn=978-0-8135-5055-8}}</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?page_id=46 |title=Bangladesh Genocide Archive |date=14 March 2012}}
* [http://www.bangla2000.com/bangladesh/independence-war/report-hamoodur-rahman/report-pdf/chapter2.pdf Report Hamoodur-Rahman Commission]

{{1971 Bangladeshi genocide}}
{{Bangladesh–Pakistan relations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh}}
[[Category:Anti-Bihari sentiment]]
[[Category:Anti-Pakistan sentiment]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Biharis]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi war crimes]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations]]
[[Category:Ethnic cleansing in Asia]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Massacres of Biharis]]
[[Category:Muhajir history]]
[[Category:Racism in Bangladesh]]

Naveen Jain (politician)

2026-04-11T10:35:19Z

Samyam517: put up the details w/ sources!

{{Short description|Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] from [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = 3 April 2024
| constituency =
| succeeding =
| alma_mater = [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]] (2007)
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| office2 = Other offices
| subterm2 = 2017-2022
| suboffice2 = [[Agra Municipal Corporation|Mayor of Agra]]
| subterm3 = 2019-2022
| suboffice3 = [[Mayor (India)|President of All India Council of Mayors]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-28 |title=मेयर Naveen jain ने रचा इतिहास, अखिल भारतीय महापौर परिषद के निर्विरोध राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष बने {{!}} Agra mayor Naveen elected All india mayors council national president |url=https://www.patrika.com/agra-news/agra-mayor-naveen-elected-all-india-mayors-council-national-president-4898852/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Anil Jain (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Jain]]
}}

'''Naveen Jain''' is an [[Indian politician]] from [[Uttar Pradesh]] representing Uttar Pradesh in [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=राज्यसभा चुनाव: आगरा से पहली बार दो राज्यसभा सांसद करेंगे नुमाइंदगी, भाजपा से नवीन जैन तो सपा से रामजीलाल जीते |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/naveen-jain-elected-from-bjp-and-ramjilal-from-sp-in-rajya-sabha-elections-both-belongs-to-agra-2024-02-27 |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> A member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], he has served as [[Agra Municipal Corporation|mayor of Agra]] from 2017 until 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-27 |title=BJP wins eight Rajya Sabha seats; SP bags two seats in UP |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-wins-eight-rajya-sabha-seats-sp-bags-two-seats-in-up/articleshow/108050334.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-28 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UP Politics: BJP के वार्ड अध्यक्ष से अब राज्यसभा सदस्य बने नवीन जैन, 44 साल के राजनीतिक सफर की खास बात, नहीं हारे एक भी चुनाव - Naveen Jain Rajya Sabha Member Of BJP Know About His Political Career Of 44 Years |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-naveen-jain-rajya-sabha-member-of-bjp-know-about-his-political-career-of-44-years-23663111.html |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Jain was graduated from [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]] in [[Agra]] in the year 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naveen Kumar Jain(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- AGRA(AGRA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/uplb2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=3555 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Jain was elected as [[Agra Municipal Corporation|mayor of Agra]] in 2017 municipal elections. During his swearing-in-ceremony, all 9 MLAs boycotted from the state, claiming humiliation in the presence of Deputy Chief Minister [[Dinesh Sharma (politician)|Dinesh Sharma]]. They told when they reached the ceremony ground, MLAs were allegedly asked to clear the stage and sit below, angering them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra MLAs boycott swearing-in ceremony of city Mayor Naveen Jain |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/agra-mlas-swearing-in-ceremony-mayor-naveen-jain-bjp-1105647-2017-12-12 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 2019, Jain welcomed US President [[Donald Trump]] by gifting him a 'key of the Agra city' which is made of silver.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2020-02-22 |title=Agra mayor to welcome President Trump by gifting a silver 'key of the city' |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/uttar-pradesh/agra-mayor-to-welcome-president-trump-by-gifting-a-silver-key-of-the-city/na20200222160211329 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>

During the coronavirus epidemic in 2020, Jain requested to the Union Government that the nation's historical sites, including the [[Taj Mahal]], be closed indefinitely until the situation was under control.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Close Monuments, Including Taj Mahal": Agra Mayor On Coronavirus Threat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/close-monuments-including-taj-mahal-says-agra-mayor-on-novel-coronavirus-threat-2191333 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

In June 2022, Jain proposed a large-scale event to celebrate Agra's "birthday" with a lavish celebration, but there's no set date. A nine-person committee will determine the exact year of Agra's founding, visiting various parts of the city and consulting historians and historical texts to find the date. The event will be held annually on that occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra's mayor proposes celebration of city's 'birthday' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/agra-mayor-proposal-birthday-celebration-for-city-1966102-2022-06-23 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Jain was elected to Rajya Sabha in February 2024. He is the richest member in the house with assets worth Rs 441 crore which he shares with his wife.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-15 |title=Former Agra mayor Naveen Jain richest candidate among seven BJP Rajya Sabha nominees from UP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/ex-agra-mayor-naveen-jain-emerges-as-the-richest-candidate-among-bjp-nominees-for-rajya-sabha/articleshow/107708311.cms |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In 2019, Jain has raised a storm in the teacup by calling the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (AMU) a "hub of terrorists". His remarks infuriated a number of former AMU students. They demanded that Jain apologize to the students for branding them terrorists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra mayor calls Aligarh Muslim University hub of terrorists |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/agra-mayor-calls-aligarh-muslim-university-hub-of-terrorists-1445553-2019-02-02 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, Jain informed all mayors that if there is an Aurangzeb plaque or a road named after him, it must be destroyed. He said that Aurangzeb "was a cruel ruler who destroyed Hindu temples..." and forced Hindus "to convert to Islam".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bhandari |first1=Shashwat |last2=India TV |date=2022-05-18 |title=Remove plaque from all places, roads named after Aurangzeb: Agra Mayor |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/agra-mayor-says-remove-plaque-from-all-places-roads-named-after-aurangzeb-who-destroyed-hindu-temples-2022-05-18-777583 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Naveen}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Silapathar massacre

2026-04-07T07:07:38Z

Samyam517:

{{Short description|Massacre of Hindus}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Silapathar massacre শিলাপাথর গণহত্যা
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map = {{Location map|India Assam|lat=27.60|long=94.72|caption=}}
| map_caption =
| location = [[Silapathar]], [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]], [[Assam]], [[India]]
| target = [[Bengali Hindus]]
| coordinates = 
| date = 14 February 1983
| time =
| timezone = UTC+5:30
| type = [[Massacre]]
| fatalities = 1000
| injuries =
| perps = [[Mishing people|Mishing]] and [[Assamese people|other native Assamese]] mobs
| weapons = Guns, spears, swords, scythes, bows and arrows
| numparts =
}}

{{Moresources|date=March 2025}}
'''Silapathar massacre''' ({{langx|bn|শিলাপাথর গণহত্যা}}) refers to the massacre of [[Bengali Hindu]] refugee settlers from [[East Pakistan]] in Silapathar in undivided [[Lakhimpur district]] of [[Assam]] in February 1983.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bakshi|first1=Shiri Ram|last2=Sharma|first2=Sitaram|last3=Gajrani|first3=S|title=Contemporary Political Leadership in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L1i51KFUyzIC|accessdate=19 June 2016|volume=2|year=1998|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788176480086|page=215}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor=Basu, Sibaji Pratim|title=The Fleeing People of South Asia: Selections from Refugee Watch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-d_0Upl6tXUC|accessdate=19 June 2016|year=2009|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=9781843317784|page=261}}</ref> Around fifty Bengali Hindus were killed in the massacre. Veteran journalist Sabita Goswami reminisced that according to Government sources, more than a thousand people were killed in the clashes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Goswami|first=Sabita|title=Along the Red River: A Memoir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7t5DAAAQBAJ|accessdate=23 April 2017|date=11 March 2014|isbn=9789383074266|chapter=27}}</ref> The [[Hajong people|Hajongs]], another refugee group though not the primary target, suffered casualties. The news of the massacre was reported after several days as the attackers had destroyed several bridges leading to the remote area.<ref name="ct25021983">{{cite news |title=Bengalis flee after new massacre |date=25 February 1983 |work=Chicago Tribune |page=6}}</ref>

== Background ==
In the 1960s, thousands of Bengali Hindus fled the persecutions in [[East Pakistan]] and arrived as refugees in [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]] and other north-eastern states of India. In [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur District]] of [[Assam]] the Bengali Hindu refugees were settled by the central and state governments in Silapathar and other places. In the Silapathar area the villages of Kakobari, Panbari, Arnay Ramnagar, Arnay Tirashi, Kheroni Basti, Simen Sapori and Kanchonkona were inhabited by the Bengali Hindu refugees.<ref name="hbf">{{cite web|url=http://in.boell.org/sites/default/files/hbf_report_8rev1_small_size.pdf|title='Bearing Witness': The Impact of Conflict on Women in Nagaland and Assam|year=2011|work=‘Bearing Witness’: Documenting Marginalized Histories|publisher=The Centre for North East Studies and Policy Research|pages=41–46|accessdate=19 June 2016}}</ref> The Jairampur village was inhabited by the Hajong refugees.<ref name="hbf"/> The area now falls under [[Dhemaji district|Dhemaji District]].

By 1983, the Bengali Hindus had become two decades old residents of Silapathar. They were ethnic minority in the region. They were often extorted of the harvest of the fish catch by the predominant groups in the region.

== Killings ==
The attackers had destroyed several bridges which lead to the remote area. The mobs attacked the villagers with machetes, bows and arrows. The villagers were hacked to death. The attackers burnt the houses, belongings and the food grains. According to eyewitnesses, the attacks snatched the babies from their mothers' arms and threw them into fire. The villagers ran towards the jungle for shelter. They spent days without much food or shelter. The Hajongs were not the direct targets but they were a witness to the massacre of the Bengali Hindus. During the incident their village was also burnt and they took shelter in the refugee camps.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

== Aftermath ==
As the attackers set fire to the villages, the survivors fled to [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref name="upi24021983">{{cite news|url=http://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/02/24/Army-troops-rushed-Thursday-to-northeastern-Assam-state-where/5756414910800/|title=Army troops rushed Thursday to northeastern Assam state where...|last=Roy|first=S.G.|date=24 February 1983|work=UPI|accessdate=22 April 2017}}</ref> Later, the government setup some relief camps. The survivors who had been hiding in the jungles till then took shelter in the relief camps. After a few months the government provided the survivors some tin sheets and ration and disbanded the relief camps. The villagers worked hard to rebuild their homes and hearth. However, the government didn't have any long term relief and rehabilitation measures for the victims of the massacre.

== See also ==
* [[Mandai massacre]]
* [[Khoirabari massacre]]
* [[North Kamrup massacre]]
* [[Goreswar massacre]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Violence against Bengali Hindus in Assam}}
[[Category:1983 murders in India]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1983]]
[[Category:Massacres of Bengali Hindus in India]]
[[Category:1980s in Assam]]
[[Category:February 1983 in India]]
[[Category:Massacres in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic cleansing in Asia]]
[[Category:Anti-Hindu violence in India]]
[[Category:Massacres of Bengalis]]
[[Category:Massacres of Bengali Hindus in Assam]]
[[Category:Massacres of Bengalis in Assam]]

Vanitha Vijayakumar

2026-03-31T13:21:57Z

Samyam517: made basic biography basic info

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1980) }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vanitha Vijayakumar
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|10|5|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mannargudi]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/2013/06/12230900/actor-vijayakumar-family.html |title=நடிகர் விஜயகுமாரின் குடும்பம் |trans-title=Actor Vijayakumar's family |access-date=8 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617201646/http://www.maalaimalar.com/2013/06/12230900/actor-vijayakumar-family.html |archive-date=17 June 2013 }}</ref>
| image = Vanitha Vijayakumar in 2023.jpg
| caption = Vanitha in 2023
| occupation = [[Actress]], director
| spouse = {{unbulleted list
|
}}

| children = 3
| father = [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]
| mother = [[Manjula Vijayakumar]]
| relatives = {{Unbulleted list
| [[Preetha Vijayakumar]] (sister)
| [[Sridevi Vijaykumar]] (sister)
| [[Arun Vijay]] (Half-brother)
}}
| years active = 1995–1999, 2013–2015, 2019–present
}}

'''Vanitha Vijayakumar''' (born 5 October 1980 <ref>{{cite web |title=Happy Birthday south India's queen Vanitha Vijayakumar: 5 Times Bigg Boss Tamil 3 fame hit the headlines |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/happy-birthday-vanitha-vijayakumar-5-times-bigg-boss-tamil-3-fame-hit-headlines-911085 |website=pinkvilla.com |date=6 October 2021 |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629050202/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/happy-birthday-vanitha-vijayakumar-5-times-bigg-boss-tamil-3-fame-hit-headlines-911085 |url-status=dead}}</ref>) is an Indian actress and film director who has appeared in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films and television shows.

She has starred in several films, including ''[[Chandralekha (1995 film)|Chandralekha]]'' (1995), ''[[Manikkam]]'' (1996), ''[[Hitler Brothers]]'' (1997), ''[[Devi (1999 film)|Devi]]'' (1999), ''[[Naan Rajavaga Pogiren]]'' (2013), ''[[MGR Sivaji Rajini Kamal]]'' (2015), ''[[Malli Pelli (2023 film)|Malli Pelli]]'' (2023), ''[[Aneethi]]'' (2023), ''[[Andhagan]]'' (2024) and ''[[Mrs & Mr]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2025 |title=Stop Comparing Jovika With Devyani's Daughter: Vanitha Vijayakumar Slams Netizens For Critical Words|url=https://www.oneindia.com/entertainment/stop-comparing-jovika-with-devyanis-daughter-vanitha-vijayakumar-slams-netizens-for-critical-words-011-7781541.html|access-date=25 June 2025 |website=www.oneindia.com}}</ref>

==Early life==
Vanitha was born on 5 October 1980 in [[Thanjavur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. Vanitha is the eldest daughter of Tamil actor [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] and his second wife, Tamil actress [[Manjula Vijayakumar|Manjula]]. Vanitha has two younger sisters, [[Preetha Vijayakumar|Preetha]] and [[Sridevi Vijayakumar|Sridevi]], who were former actresses. From his first marriage to Muthukannu Vellalar, Vijayakumar had three children: actor [[Arun Vijay]], Anitha and Kavitha.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/02/08/stories/2006020818560200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122171603/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/02/08/stories/2006020818560200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 January 2008 |title=Actor Vijayakumar returns to AIADMK |last=Dorairaj |first=S |date=8 February 2006 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=18 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vanitha Vijayakumar's Son Vijay Sri Hari to Make His Debut in Tamil Films Soon |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vanitha-vijayakumars-son-vijay-sri-hari-to-make-his-debut-in-tamil-films-soon-4783385.html |website=[[News18]] |date=17 February 2022 |access-date=15 July 2022 |archive-date=15 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715082653/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vanitha-vijayakumars-son-vijay-sri-hari-to-make-his-debut-in-tamil-films-soon-4783385.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2018, she had a public fallout with her family after she refused to leave a family property that she had initially rented for a shoot in Ashtalakshmi Nagar. Her father, Vijayakumar, subsequently filed a police complaint against her.<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/actor-lodges-plaint-against-daughter/articleshow/65894930.cms |title=Vanitha Vijayakumar: Actor Vijayakumar lodges plaint against daughter | Chennai News |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 September 2018 |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-date=15 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815060848/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/actor-lodges-plaint-against-daughter/articleshow/65894930.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor Vijayakumar and daughter Vanitha embroiled in feud over property |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vanitha-vijayakumar-daughter-father-feud-over-property-88778 |website=[[The News Minute]] |date=22 September 2018 |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811220143/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vanitha-vijayakumar-daughter-father-feud-over-property-88778 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
===Debut in Tamil and Malayalam cinema (1995–1999)===
Vanitha made her acting debut opposite [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] in ''[[Chandralekha (1995 film)|Chandralekha]]'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/sarkar-diwali-release-11-other-times-vijays-films-released-during-the-festival/306099 |title=Sarkar Diwali release: 11 other times Vijay's films released during the festival |website=timesnownews.com |date=29 October 2018 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730003025/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/sarkar-diwali-release-11-other-times-vijays-films-released-during-the-festival/306099 |url-status=live}}</ref> Vanitha subsequently appeared alongside [[Rajkiran]] in ''[[Manikkam]]'' (1996), before moving on to act in the Malayalam film ''[[Hitler Brothers]]'' (1997) and Telugu devotional fantasy film ''[[Devi (1999 film)|Devi]]'' (1999).<ref name="dinakaran">{{cite web |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/11-09-98/harihara.htm |title=dinakaran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040609035253/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/11-09-98/harihara.htm |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-date=9 June 2004}}</ref> After her first marriage to Akash, Vanitha quit the film industry.

===Reentry into cinema (2013–2015)===
Vanitha made a brief comeback to acting in the mid-2010s, and first appeared in a small role in ''[[Naan Rajavaga Pogiren]]'' (2013). She followed this up with a longer role in the comedy drama, ''[[Summa Nachunu Irukku]]'' (2013). Vanitha then chose to turn producer and make a film titled ''[[MGR Sivaji Rajini Kamal]]'' (2015), to be directed by her then-boyfriend [[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]]. She produced the film under the Vanitha Film Production banner, suggesting that the script of the film originated from a joke they discussed at a social gathering.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Deepika |last1=Ramesh |date=6 October 2014 |title=Producing a Film is No Child's Play: Vanitha Vijayakumar |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/producing-a-film-is-no-childs-play-vanitha-vijayakumar/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=Silverscreen India |language=en-US |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030085832/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/producing-a-film-is-no-childs-play-vanitha-vijayakumar/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Deepika |last1=Ramesh |date=15 September 2014 |title=Vanitha's MGR Sivaji Rajini Kamal in October |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/vanithas-mgr-sivaji-rajini-kamal-october/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=Silverscreen India |language=en-US |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030014642/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/vanithas-mgr-sivaji-rajini-kamal-october/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Following the commercial failure of the film, Vanitha lodged a police complaint against distribution studio Vibrant Medias, alleging that they did not release the film in 80 cinemas as agreed in their contract.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-actor-Vanitha-Vijayakumar-files-complaint-against-film-distributor/articleshow/47251791.cms |title=Tamil actor Vanitha Vijayakumar files complaint against film distributor |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 May 2015 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814035238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-actor-Vanitha-Vijayakumar-files-complaint-against-film-distributor/articleshow/47251791.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> She was also rejected by most directors and didn't receive any film offers from directors, and she decided to quit acting for some time due to criticisms.

===Recognition in Tamil television (2019–present)===

On 2019, Vanitha appeared in the Tamil reality television show ''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 3]]'' on [[Star Vijay]]. She was the second contestant to be eliminated from the show. After a few weeks,
Vanitha entered the house as a wild card.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-vanitha-vijayakumar-about-her-exit-from-the-show/article28514261.ece |title='Bigg Boss' Vanitha Vijayakumar about her Exit from the show |last=Sunder |first=Gautam |date=17 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 October 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=10 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010201548/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-vanitha-vijayakumar-about-her-exit-from-the-show/article28514261.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, Vanitha appeared on season 1 of the Tamil Cooking show ''[[Cooku with Comali]]'' on [[Star Vijay]] and became the winner.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/cooku-with-comali-contestants-salary-shakeela-shivaangi-pugazh-madurai-muthu-tamil-news-281242|title =Wow ! Is this the salaries of 'Cooku with Comali' contestants?}}</ref>

She also later participated in the spin-off version show called ''[[Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)]]'' as a contestant.

She made a cameo appearance in the [[Zee Tamil]] soap opera ''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]'', playing a small role in the serial.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vanitha-vijayakumar-joins-puthu-puthu-arthangal/articleshow/91512965.cms |title=Vanitha Vijayakumar joins 'Puthu Puthu Arthangal' |date=14 May 2021 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513190921/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vanitha-vijayakumar-joins-puthu-puthu-arthangal/articleshow/91512965.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Vanitha Vijayakumar married actor Akash on 10 September 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1020239/ |title=Court documents |website=indiankanoon.org |access-date=24 June 2020 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124125128/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1020239/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Their son was born in 2001 and their daughter in 2005. The marriage ended in divorce in 2005. Following a lengthy custody dispute, the [[Madras High Court]] ordered that the children split their time between both parents. Her son later moved in permanently with his grandfather and then with his father Akash.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Vanitha-former-hubby-to-share-sons-custody/articleshow/7758018.cms |title=Vanitha, former hubby to share son's custody |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 March 2011 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814035240/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Vanitha-former-hubby-to-share-sons-custody/articleshow/7758018.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Vanitha-to-get-back-her-son/articleshow/7153704.cms |title=Vanitha Vijayakumar: Vanitha to get back her son |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 December 2010 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819054729/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Vanitha-to-get-back-her-son/articleshow/7153704.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2007, Vanitha married businessman Anand Jay Rajan. The couple has a daughter. They separated soon after and were officially divorced in 2012, with Rajan being awarded [[Child custody|custody]] of their child. Vanitha suggested that the pair divorced as a result of her disputes with Vijayakumar, and that Rajan had effectively become indirectly involved in the controversy costing her peace and career opportunities.

Following her separation with Anand Rajan in 2010, Vanitha dated choreographer [[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]] beginning in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Vanitha-choreographer-Robert-to-marry-soon/articleshow/29106041.cms |title=Vanitha, choreographer Robert to marry soon |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819054725/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Vanitha-choreographer-Robert-to-marry-soon/articleshow/29106041.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The duo also worked together professionally by producing a film titled ''[[MGR Sivaji Rajini Kamal]]'' (2015), before ending their relationship in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://southscope.in/vanitha-robert-issue-joint-notice/ |title=Vanitha, Robert issue joint notice |date=20 January 2014 |access-date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730003026/http://southscope.in/vanitha-robert-issue-joint-notice/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Vanitha was born to [[Hindu]] [[Tamils|Tamil]] parents. On 30 March 2022 she converted to [[Buddhism]] following various religious rituals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/for-happier-and-peaceful-life-vanitha-vijayakumar-on-why-she-converted-to-buddhism-4923779.html |title='For Happier and Peaceful Life': Vanitha Vijayakumar on Why She Converted To Buddhism |website=[[News18]] |date=30 March 2022 |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629051421/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/for-happier-and-peaceful-life-vanitha-vijayakumar-on-why-she-converted-to-buddhism-4923779.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Vanitha has mentioned that she had been suffering from [[Depression (mood)|depression]] for more than 10 years and that she later underwent medical treatment and professional counselling to recover fully.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/want-to-vanish-moments-of-my-depression-tamil-actor-vanitha-vijayakumar-4653503.html |title='Want To Vanish Moments of My Depression': Tamil Actor Vanitha Vijayakumar |website=[[News18]] |date=13 January 2022 |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629055426/https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/want-to-vanish-moments-of-my-depression-tamil-actor-vanitha-vijayakumar-4653503.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, the police questioned Vanitha while she was on ''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 3]]'' in [[Chennai]] over a complaint filed by Rajan alleging that she had [[kidnap]]ped their daughter.<ref name="TheHindu">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Pradeep |title=Police grill Vanitha Vijayakumar at 'Bigg Boss' Tamil house |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/police-enquire-vanitha-vijayakumar-in-bigg-boss-tamil-house/article28270347.ece |access-date=5 July 2019 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |date=3 July 2019 |language=en-IN |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807214535/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/police-enquire-vanitha-vijayakumar-in-bigg-boss-tamil-house/article28270347.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, she revealed that she was in a relationship with Peter Paul, a photographer who was already married and a father of two children.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Peter Paul's first wife files a complaint against his marriage with Vanitha Vijayakumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/peter-pauls-first-wife-files-a-complaint-against-his-marriage-with-vanitha-vijayakumar/articleshow/76675997.cms |access-date=2 July 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628141728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/peter-pauls-first-wife-files-a-complaint-against-his-marriage-with-vanitha-vijayakumar/articleshow/76675997.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The couple got married on 27 June 2020 in Chennai. Vanitha's marital relationship created a lot of hype in the media. Peter's first wife, Elizabeth, filed a case against Vanitha and her husband and for not getting an official divorce before marrying again. As of October 2020, Vanitha denied Peter to be named as her husband as their marriage ceremony was not yet registered and broke up the relationship with him due to his ongoing addiction to alcohol.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/south-newsmakers-week-vanitha-vijayakumar-gets-married-nayanthara-vignesh-rubbish-infected-covid-19-545148 |title=South Newsmakers Of Week: Vanitha Vijayakumar gets married; Nayanthara, Vignesh rubbish infected of COVID 19 |date=29 June 2021 |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629055426/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/south-newsmakers-week-vanitha-vijayakumar-gets-married-nayanthara-vignesh-rubbish-infected-covid-19-545148 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Off-screen work==
In 2021, Vanitha officially opened her own clothing store outlet, Vanitha Vijayakumar Styling, located in [[Chennai]]. She is also a part time costume designer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://24x7tamil.com/2021/11/02/vanitha-vijaykumar-opened-new-boutique-in-chennai-nungambakkam/ |script-title=ta:சென்னையில் பிரம்மாண்ட BOTIQUE துணிக்கடை ஆரம்பித்த வனிதா விஜயகுமார்..!!! மக்களுக்கு ஏதாவது செய்ய வேண்டும் வனிதா உறுதிமொழி. |language=ta |trans-title=Vanitha Vijayakumar started a huge BOTIQUE clothing store in Chennai..!!! Vanitha pledges to do something for the people. |date=2 November 2021}}{{dead link|date=January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vanitha-vijayakumar-shares-glimpses-of-her-first-show-as-fashion-designer-5047825.html |title=Vanitha Vijayakumar Shares Glimpses of Her First Show as Fashion Designer |website=[[News18]] |date=25 April 2022 |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629055425/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vanitha-vijayakumar-shares-glimpses-of-her-first-show-as-fashion-designer-5047825.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Vanitha Vijayakumar film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1995 || ''[[Chandralekha (1995 film)|Chandralekha]]'' || Chandra || rowspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
|1996 || ''[[Manikkam]]'' || Savithri ||
|-
|1997 || ''[[Hitler Brothers]]''||Nandini ||[[Malayalam]] ||
|-
|1999 || ''[[Devi (1999 film)|Devi]]'' || Susheela || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Naan Rajavaga Pogiren]]'' ||Diana || rowspan="3"|Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Summa Nachunu Irukku]]'' || Kavitha ||
|-
|2015 || ''[[MGR Sivaji Rajini Kamal]]'' || Ayana || also producer and writer
|-
| rowspan="3"|2023 ||''[[Malli Pelli (2023 film)|Malli Pelli]]'' || Soumya Sethupathi || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Aneethi]]'' || Anitha || rowspan="9" | Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Dhillu Irundha Poradu]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2024 ||''Operation Laila'' || Police inspector ||
|-
| ''[[Haraa (film)|Haraa]]'' || Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Dandupalya 4|Dandupalayam]]'' || Radhika ||Tamil version
|-
| ''[[Andhagan]]'' || Lalitha ||
|-
| ''[[Dhil Raja]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2025 ||''[[Kadaisi Thotta]]'' || Santhana Lakshmi ||
|-
|''[[Mrs & Mr]]''|| Vidhya Arun ||Lead role also director<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2024 |title=Vanitha Vijaykumar Quashes Rumors Of Fourth Wedding, Announces Mrs & Mr Movie With Robert|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/vanitha-vijaykumar-quashes-news-of-wedding-with-robert-article-113979823|access-date=28 May 2025 |website=www.timesnownews.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Television==
;Fiction
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Vanitha Vijayakumar television fiction credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Chinna Papa Periya Papa]]''
| Vasuki (Periya Papa)
| rowspan="8"| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
| 2019
| ''Chandralekha''
| Herself
| Cameo appearance<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vanitha-vijayakumar-announces-her-tv-debut-with-chandralekha-see-video/articleshow/71808114.cms |title=Vanitha Vijayakumar announces her TV debut with Chandralekha; see video |newspaper=The Times of India |date=29 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Thirumathi Hitler]]''
| {{br list | Rajeshwari (Rajee) and | Cooking Reality show judge}}
| rowspan="6"| [[Zee Tamil]]
| Dual cameo appearance<ref name="tamil.news18.com">{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/vanitha-vijayakumar-play-guest-role-in-zee-tamil-thirumathi-hitler-serial-msb-411069.html |script-title=ta:Vanitha Vijayakumar: சின்னத்திரை தொடரில் மீண்டும் வனிதா விஜயகுமார் என்ட்ரி |date=15 February 2021 |website=[[News18 Tamil Nadu]] |language=ta |trans-title=Vanitha Vijayakumar: Vanitha Vijayakumar's entry in the iconic series again |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=15 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215063512/https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/vanitha-vijayakumar-play-guest-role-in-zee-tamil-thirumathi-hitler-serial-msb-411069.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]''
| Herself
| Cameo appearance<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vanitha-vijayakumar-joins-puthu-puthu-arthangal/articleshow/91512965.cms |title=Vanitha Vijayakumar joins 'Puthu Puthu Arthangal' |date=12 May 2022 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513190921/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vanitha-vijayakumar-joins-puthu-puthu-arthangal/articleshow/91512965.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2022, 2023
| ''[[Maari (2022 TV series)|Maari]]''
| Sakunthala
|Extended cameo appearance<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_T6gXMVJGq4 |title=Vanitha Vijayakumar Speech at Zee Tamil New Serial Launch |via=[[YouTube]] |date=26 June 2022 |access-date=17 July 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717060251/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_T6gXMVJGq4&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Karthigai Deepam (TV series)|Karthigai Deepam]]''
| Chamundeshwari
| Cameo appearance<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-actress-vanitha-vijaykumar-joins-the-cast-of-karthigai-deepam-says-i-am-happy-to-be-a-part-of-the-show/articleshow/99835608.cms |title=Bigg Boss Tamil fame actress Vanitha Vijaykumar joins the cast of 'Karthigai Deepam' |date=28 April 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 May 2023 |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503065948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-actress-vanitha-vijaykumar-joins-the-cast-of-karthigai-deepam-says-i-am-happy-to-be-a-part-of-the-show/articleshow/99835608.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Idhayam (2023 TV series)|Idhayam]]''
| Saroja
| Cameo appearance{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Sandhya Raagam (TV series)|Sandhya Raagam]]''
| Vasundara Devi
| Cameo appearance{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
|}

;Non-fiction
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Vanitha Vijayakumar television non-fiction credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2007 ||''Sunday Samayal'' || "Microwave Cooking" Segment Host || rowspan="15"| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
|2011 ||''Sakthi Kodu'' || Host ||[[Polimer TV]] ||{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
|2014 ||''Stars Day Out'' || Guest ||[[Puthuyugam TV]]||{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019|| ''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 3]]'' ||rowspan="3"|Contestant ||rowspan=6|[[Star Vijay]] ||Evicted Day 21, re-entrant Day 50, re-evicted Day 84
|-
|''Bigg Boss 3 Kondattam''|| Special show
|-
|2019–2020 ||''[[Cooku With Comali]] (season 1)''|| Winner
|-
|rowspan="5"|2020||''Kalakka Povathu Yaaru'' || Judge ||{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
|''Start Music'' || Contestant ||1st runner-up
|-
|''Nammavar Kamal'' || Guest ||{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
|''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]'' || rowspan="3"|Guest ||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]'' || rowspan="2"|[[Star Vijay]]||For special tasks
|-
|rowspan="5"|2021||''[[Cooku With Comali]] (season 2)'' ||Celebration episode
|-
|''[[Genes (season 3)]]''
|Participant
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
|''Kanni Theevu''
|Guest
|[[Colors Tamil]]
|{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
|''[[BB Jodigal]]''
|Contestant
|[[Star Vijay]]
| {{br list | Paired with Suresh Chakravarthy | Left the show}}
|-
|''[[Alitho Saradaga]]''
|Guest
| rowspan="2" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| rowspan="2" |[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|Episode 240<ref>{{Cite news |title=Alitho Saradaga: From her admiration for Jr NTR to strained relationship with family, Vanitha Vijaykumar to make some shocking revelations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/alitho-saradaga-from-her-admiration-for-jr-ntr-to-strained-relationship-with-family-vanitha-vijaykumar-to-make-some-shocking-revelations/articleshow/85211151.cms |access-date=13 August 2021 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812193339/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/alitho-saradaga-from-her-admiration-for-jr-ntr-to-strained-relationship-with-family-vanitha-vijaykumar-to-make-some-shocking-revelations/articleshow/85211151.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
|''[[Jabardasth (TV programme)|Jabardasth]]''
|Artist
|Comedy TV show
|-
|[[Bigg Boss Ultimate season 1|''Bigg Boss Ultimate 1'']]
|Contestant
| rowspan="6" |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|Walked Day 24<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Ultimate: Will Vanitha Vijayakumar return to the BB house? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-ultimate-will-vanitha-vijayakumar-return-to-the-bb-house/articleshow/89136038.cms |access-date=26 January 2022 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126111528/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-ultimate-will-vanitha-vijayakumar-return-to-the-bb-house/articleshow/89136038.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Joker Poker''
|Participant
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|Comedy TV show
|-
| ''Vanitha Veetla Vishesham'' || Guest||[[Kalaignar TV]]||{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
|-
| ''[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]'' || rowspan="2" | Participant || rowspan="2" |[[Star Vijay]]||Winner
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|''Anda Ka Kasam''
|Game show
|-
|''Tamizha Tamizha''
|Herself
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|Talk show
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|8921021}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayakumar, Vanitha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Vijayakumar family|Vanitha Vijayakumar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Cooku with Comali contestants]]

Sudheesh

2026-03-29T19:26:04Z

Samyam517: cleanup

{{short description|Indian film actor (born 1972)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| name = Sudheesh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|7 December 1972|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[cochin district|Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| years_active =
| spouse = Dhanya
| parents = {{ubl|T. Sudhakaran Nair|Suryaprabha}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Sudheesh''' (born 7 December 1972) is an Indian actor and director who predominantly works in [[Malayalam film]] industry. He won the [[51st Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Award]] for [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Character Actor|Best Character Actor]] in 2021.

==Personal life==

Sudheesh is the only son of T. Sudhakaran Nair and Suryaprabha. Sudhakaran Nair was a retired deputy collector and an [[actor]] who performed notable roles in films such as ''[[Bharatham]]'' (1991), ''[[Sadayam]]'' (1992), ''[[Pattabhishekam (1999 film)|Pattabhishekam]]'' (1999), ''[[Khaki (2007 film)|Khaki]]'' (2007), ''Gulmohar'' (2008), ''[[Indian Rupee (film)|Indian Rupee]]'' (2011) etc. The father-son duo has acted together in many films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/33154/ |title=ഏട്ടന്‍മാരുടെ സ്വന്തം അനുജന്‍, Interview - Mathrubhumi Movies |website=www.mathrubhumi.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613222559/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/33154 |archive-date=13 June 2011}}</ref> Similarly, Sudheesh's son Rudraksh has acted as child hero in the film ''[[Kochavva Paulo Ayyappa Coelho]]'' (2016).<ref name="dec">{{cite news |last1=Mohandas |first1=Vandana |title=Old is bold |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/250418/old-is-bold.html |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=25 April 2018}}</ref> Sudheesh did his schooling from [[St. Joseph's Boys' Higher Secondary School, Kozhikode]] and higher studies in [[St. Joseph's College, Devagiri]]. Sudheesh married Dhanya on 30 March 2005. They have two sons.<ref>{{cite web|title=ഏട്ടന്റെ അരങ്ങേറ്റം, പിച്ചവെച്ച് അനിയനും|date=12 September 2016 |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/actor-sudheesh-and-son-rudraksh-malayalam-news-1.1351521|publisher=mathrubhumi.in|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2012/jun/06/dhanya-about-her-husband-actor-sudheesh-374839.html|title=Dhanya, about her husband, actor Sudheesh|website=The New Indian Express|date=6 June 2012 }}</ref> His father died on 4 January 2016 at age 73.{{fact|date=November 2025}}

==Filmography==

=== 1980s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1987 || ''[[Anantaram]]'' || Teenage Ajayakumar ||
|-
|| ''Poomazha'' || Student ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1989 || ''[[Mudra (1989 film)|Mudra]]'' || Unni ||
|-
|| ''Snehadooth'' || || Not released
|-
|}

=== 1990s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Venal Kinavukal]]'' || Anil ||
|-
| rowspan=2 |1992 || ''[[Aadhaaram]]'' || Rameshan ||
|-
|| ''[[Thalastaanam]]'' || Young Harikrishnan||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1993 || ''[[Samooham]]'' || Johny ||
|-
|| ''Cheppadividya'' || Josootty ||
|-
|| ''[[O' Faby]]'' || Voice For Roque Tharakan||
|-
|| ''[[Manichithrathazhu]]'' || Chanthu(Kindi) ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 1994 || ''[[Chakoram]]'' || Unni ||
|-
|| ''[[Njan Kodiswaran]]'' || Hari ||
|-
|| ''[[Pavithram (1994 film)|Pavithram]]'' || Sivankutty ||
|-
|| ''Pradhakshinam'' || Reghu ||
|-
|| ''[[Nandini Oppol]]'' || Murali ||
|-
|| ''[[Daivathinte Vikrithikal|Daivathinte Vikruthikal]]'' || Sivan ||
|-
|| ''[[Sudhinam]]'' || Appu ||
|-
|| ''Varanamalyam'' || Vinu/Vinod Kumar ||
|-
|| ''[[Vendor Daniel State Licency]]'' || Joy Daniel ||
|-
|| ''[[Vardhakya Puranam]]'' || Satheesh ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 1995 || ''[[Alanchery Thambrakal]]'' || Son of Bhagavathar ||
|-
|| ''[[Avittam Thirunaal Aarogya Sriman]]'' || Nakulan ||
|-
|| ''Kakkakum Poochakkum Kalyanam'' || Achutty ||
|-
|| ''Sasinas'' || Unni ||
|-
|| ''Kokkarakko'' || Rameshan ||
|-
|| ''Pai Brothers'' || Manu ||
|-
|| ''[[Sreeragam]]'' || Vaithi ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1996 || ''[[Ee Puzhayum Kadannu]]'' || Satheesh ||
|-
|| ''Aakasathoru Kilivathil'' || ||
|-
|| ''Excuse Me Ethu Collegila'' || Pappan ||
|-
|| ''Poonilavu'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Vanarasena]]'' || Manikandan ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1997 || ''[[Kannur]]'' || Unni ||
|-
|| ''Niyogam'' || Damu ||
|-
|| ''[[Aniyathi Pravu]]'' || Radhamadhavan ||
|-
|| ''[[The Good Boys]]'' || Sudhi ||
|-
|| ''[[Oral Mathram]]'' || Balachandran ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 1998 || ''British Market'' || Joyichan ||
|-
|| ''Chenapparambile Aanakkariyam'' || Sudhi ||
|-
|| ''[[Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala]]'' || Suku ||
|-
|| ''[[Kusruthi Kuruppu|Kusruthikuruppu]]'' || Gopu ||
|-
|| ''[[Harikrishnans]]'' || Thomas Mathew ||
|-
|| ''[[Manjukalavum Kazhinju]]'' || Antappan ||
|-
|| ''[[Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam]]'' || Chandran ||
|-
|| ''[[Kottaram Veettile Apputtan]]'' || Dr. Namboothiri ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 1999 || ''[[Ustaad (1999 film)|Ustaad]]'' || Faisal ||
|-
|| ''[[Chandamama]]'' || Dasan ||
|-
|| ''Gandhiyan'' || Pravin ||
|-
|| ''Onnaamvattam Kandappol'' || Nakulan ||
|-
|| ''[[Bharya Veettil Paramasukham]]'' || Puthooramvettil Unnikrishnan/Unnikuttan ||
|-
|| ''[[Prem Poojari]]'' || Prem's friend ||
|-
|| ''[[Udayapuram Sulthan]]'' || Unnikrishnan ||
|-
|}

=== 2000s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2000 || ''[[Sahayathrikakku Snehapoorvam]]'' || Robert ||
|-
|| ''[[Swayamvara Panthal|Swayamvarapanthal]]'' || Rameshan ||
|-
|| ''[[Ee Mazha Thenmazha]]'' || Vishnu ||
|-
|| ''[[Snehapoorvam Anna]]'' || Romeo Suresh ||
|-
|| ''[[Valliettan]]'' || Sankarankutty ||
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Sharja To Sharja]]'' || Unni ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2002 || ''[[Nandanam (film)|Nandanam]]'' || Unnikrishnan ||
|-
|| ''[[Kaiyethum Doorath]]'' || Tony ||
|-
|| ''[[Malayali Mamanu Vanakkam]]'' || Lodge Receptionist ||
|-
|| ''[[Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan]]'' || Tomy ||
|-
|| ''[[Savithriyude Aranjanam]]'' || Dushyanthan / Appu ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2003 || ''[[Thilakkam]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Choonda]]'' || Madhavan ||
|-
|| ''[[Melvilasam Sariyanu]]'' || Madanamohanan ||
|-
|| ''[[Pattalam (2003 film)|Pattalam]]'' || Suku ||
|-
|| ''[[Balettan]]'' || Sudhi ||
|-
|| ''[[Meerayude Dukhavum Muthuvinte Swapnavum]]'' || Rajendran ||
|-
|| ''[[Vellithira]]'' || Mohammed ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2004 || ''[[Maampazhakkaalam]]'' || Ganeshan ||
|-
|| ''[[Kanninum Kannadikkum]]'' || Murukan ||
|-
|| ''[[Symphony (film)|Symphony]]'' || Sebi ||
|-
|| ''[[Ee Snehatheerathu]]'' || Ganesh ||
|-
|| ''[[Kakkakarumban]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2005 || ''[[Ambuttu Imbuttu Embuttu]]'' || Hariharan ||
|-
|| ''[[Five Fingers (2005 film)|Five Fingers]]'' || Rafeeq ||
|-
|| ''[[Kalyana Kurimanam|Kalyanakurimanam]]'' || Bright ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2006 || ''[[Achante Ponnumakkal]]'' || Omanakuttan ||
|-
|| ''[[Ravanan (2006 film)|Ravanan]]'' || Sunny Kurian ||
|-
|| ''[[Pakal (film)|Pakal]]'' || Abu ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2007 || ''[[Panthaya Kozhi]]'' || Balu ||
|-
|| ''[[Khaki (2007 film)|Khaki]]'' || Hari ||
|-
|| ''[[Changathipoocha]]'' || Kunjunni ||
|-
|| ''[[Nagaram (2007 film)|Nagaram]]'' || Vasu kuttan ||
|-
|| ''[[Ali Bhai]]'' || Sameer Das ||
|-
|| ''[[Bharathan Effect]]'' || Peter ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2008 || ''[[Aayudham (2008 film)|Aayudham]]'' || Rafeeq ||
|-
|| ''[[Vilapagalkkappuram]]'' || Khaderkutty ||
|-
|| ''[[Shalabam]]'' || Hari ||
|-
|| ''[[Gulmohar (2009 film)|Gulmohar]]'' || Anvar ||
|-
|| ''[[Mayakazhcha]]'' || Chakrapani ||
|-
|| ''[[One Way Ticket (2008 film)|One Way Ticket]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Aayudham (2008 film)|Aayudham]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Oru Pennum Randaanum]]'' || Krishnankutty ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 2009 || ''[[Utharaswayamvaram]]'' || Tony ||
|-
|| ''[[Kadha, Samvidhanam Kunchakko|Kadha Samvidanam Kunchacko]]'' || Bobby ||
|-
|| ''[[Shudharil Shudhan]]'' || Chandran ||
|-
|| ''[[Oru Black and White Kudumbam]]'' || Thomas ||
|-
|| ''[[Bhagavan (2009 film)|Bhagavan]]'' || Attender Dineshan ||
|-
|| ''[[Rahasya Police]]'' || [[Sub-inspector#India|S.I.]] Thomas ||
|-
|| ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (2009 film)|Ayirathil Oruvan]]'' || Babu ||
|-
|| ''[[Kerala Cafe]]'' || Jose ||
|-
|| ''[[Puthiya Mukham]]'' || Varghese ||
|-
|| ''[[Moss & Cat]]'' || Kunchunni ||
|-
|}

=== 2010s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=9 | 2010 || ''[[Mummy & Me]]'' || Varun ||
|-
|| ''Viralthumbilaaro'' || ||
|-
|| ''Lavakumar 1984'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Thanthonni]]'' || Nandan ||
|-
|| ''Pulliman''|| Sundaran ||
|-
|| ''[[Sahasam (2013 film)|Sahasram]]'' || Shajahan ||
|-
|| ''[[Holidays (2010 film)|Holidays]]'' || Sudhi ||
|-
|| ''[[Raama Raavanan]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Nallavan (2010 film)|Nallavan]]'' || Murukan ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2011 || ''[[Innanu Aa Kalyanam]]'' || Aisha's husband ||
|-
|| ''Swargam 9 KM''|| ||
|-
||''[[Veeraputhran]]''|| N. P. Abu ||
|-
|| ''[[Sankaranum Mohananum]]'' || Sahadevan ||
|-
|| ''[[Collector (2011 film)|Collector]]'' || Rameshan S Namboothiri ||
|-
|| ''[[Sthalam]]'' || Kunhappu ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2012 || ''[[Perinoru Makan]]'' || Unni ||
|-
|| ''[[Bavuttiyude Namathil]]'' || Sreekandan ||
|-
|| ''[[Scene Onnu Nammude Veedu|Scene 1 Nammude Veedu]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Josettante Hero]]'' || Kuchelan ||
|-
|| ''[[Banking Hours 10 to 4]]'' || Ravi Kumar ||
|-
|| ''[[Namukku Parkkan]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Gruhanathan]]'' || Sundara ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2013 || ''[[Hotel California (2013 film)|Hotel California]]'' || Bavutty ||
|-
|| ''[[Ginger (2013 film)|Ginger]]'' || Najeeb Kecheri ||
|-
|| ''Mizhi'' || Ramu Master ||
|-
|| ''[[101 Chodyangal]]'' || Vijayan ||
|-
|| ''[[Orissa (film)|Orissa]]'' || Neela Madhavan ||
|-
|| ''[[Cleopatra (2013 film)|Cleopatra]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2014 || ''[[Vasanthathinte Kanal Vazhikalil]]'' || [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] ||
|-
|| ''Day Night Game'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2015 || ''[[Ennu Ninte Moideen]]'' || Kottathil Ramachandran ||
|-
|| ''[[Kaattum Mazhayum]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Study Tour'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Ain (film)|Ain]]'' || ||
|-
|| ''Kukkiliyar'' || Kannan ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2016 || ''Mohavalayam'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Kochavva Paulo Ayyappa Coelho]]'' || Regi ||
|-
|| ''Athijeevanam'' || Venu mash ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2017 || ''[[Sakhavu (2017 film)|Sakhavu]]'' || Daasan ||
|-
|| ''[[Thrissivaperoor Kliptham]]'' || Mansoor/Porinju ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2018 || ''[[Theevandi]]'' || Ammavan || <ref name="dec" />
|-
|| ''Marubhoomiyile Mazhathullikal''|| ||
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2019 || ''[[Virus (2019 film)|Virus]]'' || Radhakrishnan ||
|-
|| ''Panthu'' || ||
|-
|| ''[[Sathyam Paranja Viswasikkuvo]]'' || Mash ||
|-
|| ''[[Pranaya Meenukalude Kadal]]'' || Mesthiri Damodaran ||
|-
|| ''[[Kakshi: Amminippilla]]'' || Prakashan Manjodi ||
|-
|| ''[[Kalki (2019 Malayalam film)|Kalki]]'' || [[Head constable#India|HC]] Abdullah ||
|-
|| ''[[Edakkad Battalion 06]]'' || Constable Dineshan ||
|-

|}

=== 2020s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2020 || ''[[Anjaam Pathiraa]]'' || Sudevan ||
|-
|| ''[[Bhoomiyile Manohara Swakaryam]]'' || Joseph ||
|-
|| ''[[Kappela]]'' || Father Gabriel ||
|-
|| ''[[Maniyarayile Ashokan]]'' || Village officer Alex ||
|-
|| ''[[Kilometers and Kilometers]]'' || Justin J Vattakala ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2021 || ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]'' || Royichan ||
|-
|| ''[[Kanakam Kaamini Kalaham]]'' || Sivakumar ||
|-
|| ''[[Kunjeldho]]'' || Kunjeldho's father ||
|-
|| ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' || Himself || Cameo
|-
| rowspan=9 | 2022 || ''[[Sathyam Mathrame Bodhippikku]]'' || Professor Mathew Thomas ||
|-
|| ''[[Varthamanam]]'' || Dean ||
|-
|| ''[[Lalitham Sundaram]]'' || Rajesh ||
|-
|| ''Ennivar'' || Dasettan ||
|-
|| ''[[Kaduva]]'' || Mathai ||
|-
|| ''[[Heaven (2022 film)|Heaven]]'' || Philip ||
|-
|| ''[[Padavettu]]'' || Govindan ||
|-
|| ''[[Mukundan Unni Associates]]'' || George Illikkal ||
|-
|| ''[[Gold (2022 Indian film)|Gold]]'' || Gold Musthafa ||
|-
| rowspan=9 | 2023 || ''[[Djinn (2023 film)|Djinn]]'' || Doctor ||
|-
| ''Laika'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laika to release this Friday |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/mar/28/laika-to-release-this-friday-41641.html |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=28 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Thuruth'' || Razak ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title='തുരുത്ത് ' മാർച്ച് 31 ന് തിയേറ്ററുകളിലേക്ക് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/thuruth-film-releases-on-march-31-sudheesh-1.8416373 |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kadina Kadoramee Andakadaham]]'' || Rajesh||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadina Kadoramee Andakadaham trailer is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/apr/19/kadina-kadoramee-andakadaham-trailer-is-out-42487.html |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[2018 (film)|2018]]'' ||Varghese ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mammootty heaps praise on '2018' trailer. True depiction of Kerala's worst tragedy, add netizens |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/12/13/mammootty-jude-anthany-joseph-2018-trailer-mollywood-flood-movie.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Anuragam (2023 film)|Anuragam]]'' || Fr. Stephen Antony ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release plan announced for filmmaker Shahad's Anuragam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/videos/2022/sep/03/release-plan-announced-for-filmmaker-shahad39s-anuragam-34389.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=3 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nadhikalil Sundari Yamuna]]'' || Bhaskaran ||
|-
| ''[[Sesham Mike-il Fathima]]'' || Muneer ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2023 |title=Kalyani Priyadarshan's Sesham Mikel Fathima gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/30/kalyani-priyadarshans-sesham-mikel-fathima-gets-a-new-release-date-49106.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Cheena Trophy]]'' || Das ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trailer of Dhyan Sreenivasan's Cheena Trophy is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/dec/03/trailer-of-dhyan-sreenivasans-cheena-trophy-is-out-50098.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=3 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2024 || ''[[LLB: Life Line of Bachelors]]'' || Shivadasan ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-31 |title=Sreenath Bhasi opens up about the 2022 controversy and describes the experience as traumatic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/sreenath-bhasi-opens-up-about-the-2022-controversy-and-describes-the-experience-as-traumatic/articleshow/107288010.cms |access-date=2024-02-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''Panchavalsara Padhathi'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-16 |title=Trailer of Siju Wilson's Panchavalsara Padhathi out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/16/trailer-of-siju-wilsons-panchavalsara-padhathi-out |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Prathibha Tutorials'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-28 |title=Kailas Menon introduces new singer Prajith Prasannan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/kailas-menon-introduces-new-singer-prajith-prasannan/articleshow/79461380.cms |access-date=2025-08-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha]]'' || Sumalatha's father ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-12 |title=Trailer of Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/12/sureshanteyum-sumalathayudeyum-hrudayahariyaya-pranayakadha |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ajayante Randam Moshanam]]'' ||Chandu Nair ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fire breaks out on the sets of Tovino's Ajayante Randam Moshanam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/mar/07/a-massive-fire-broke-out-at-ajayante-randam-moshanams-set-40753.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=7 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Chithini'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-12 |title=Chithini Trailer: Amith Chakalakkal and Vinay Forrt in a supernatural horror thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/12/chithini-trailer-amith-chakalakkal-and-vinay-forrt-in-a-supernatural-horror-thriller |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title=Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam trailer promises a gripping investigative thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Oct/27/oru-anweshanathinte-thudakkam-trailer-promises-a-gripping-investigative-thriller |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Raastha'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2023-07-05 |title=Aneesh Anwar's Raastha to release in Malayalam and Arabic |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/Jul/05/aneesh-anwars-raastha-to-release-in-malayalam-and-arabic-45311.html |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2025 || ''[[Get-Set Baby]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2025-01-30 |title=Unni Mukundan's Get-Set Baby release date out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/30/unni-mukundans-get-set-baby-release-date-out |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aap Kaise Ho]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-02-04 |title=Dhyan Sreenivasan's Aap Kaiso Ho gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Feb/04/dhyan-sreenivasans-aap-kaiso-ho-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dheeran (2025 film)|Dheeran]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-03-06 |title=First look of Dheeran unveiled |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Mar/06/first-look-of-dheeran-unveiled |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || {{Pending film| [[Vaazha II: Biopic of a Billion Bros|Vaazha 2]]}} || {{TableTBA}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-28 |title=Vaazha 2 trailer promises film lacing emotions and nostalgia with humour |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Mar/28/vaazha-2-trailer-promises-film-lacing-emotions-and-nostalgia-with-humour |access-date=2026-03-29 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== As dubbing artist ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Dubbed for !! Character !!Notes
|-
|1993 || ''[[O' Faby]]'' || Roque Tharakan || Sandy ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2002 || ''[[Nandanam (film)|Nandanam]]'' || [[Aravind Akash]] || Unnikrishanan ||
|-
|| ''[[Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan]]'' || [[Jayasurya]] || Bobby Oommen ||
|-
|2012 || ''[[Masters (film)|Masters]]'' || [[M. Sasikumar]] || Milan ||
|}

== Awards ==
{|class="wikitable"
! Award !! Year !! Category !! Film !! Result
|-
|[[Kerala State Film Awards]]||2020||Best Character Actor || ''[[Bhoomiyile Manohara Swakaryam]]'', ''Ennivar''||{{Won}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/movies-music/specials/kerala-state-film-awards-2020/kerala-state-film-awards-2020-best-movie-actor-actress-nominations-director-1.6091992 |title=ഗ്രേറ്റ് ഇന്ത്യന്‍ കിച്ചണ്‍ മികച്ച ചിത്രം, നടന്‍ ജയസൂര്യ,നടി അന്ന ബെന്‍| date=16 October 2021 |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=Mathrubhumi News}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|Kerala Film Critics Awards]]||2020 || Second Best Actor || ''Ennivar'' || {{Won}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/09/13/film-critics-association-awards-45th-edition-winners-list-details.html|title=Film Critics Awards 2020: The Great Indian Kitchen wins the best film|date=13 September 2021|accessdate=16 September 2021|work=On Manorama}}</ref>
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Program
! Year
! Role
! Channel
|-
|''Parudeesayilekkulla Patha''||1994||Actor||[[DD Malayalam|Doordarshan]]
|-
|''Butterflies''||1999||Actor||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|-
|''Ishtama''||2000||Actor, director||Asianet
|-
|''Sthreemanasam''||2001-2003||Actor||Asianet
|-
|''Sthreethwam'' ||2005-2006||Actor||[[Surya TV]]
|-
|''Ettu Sundarikalum Njnum''||2004||Actor||Surya TV
|-
|''Vivel Big Break''||2011||Judge||Surya TV
|-
|''Sundari Niyum Sundaran Njanum''||2013||Judge||Asianet
|-
|''Mummy and Me''||2014||Judge||[[Kairali TV|Kairali]]
|-
|''Star Challenge'' ||2015||Participant||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]
|-
|''Comedy Utsavam''||2017-2018||Judge||Flowers TV
|-
|''Comedy Stars'' season 2||2018|| Judge||Asianet
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1432530}}
*[http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Sudheesh&limit=92 Sudheesh at MSI]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714024015/http://malayalamcinema.com/StarPersonalProfile-5/SUDHEESH+V.html?newsid=&linkid=5&star_id=166&prof_id=101&cur_page=5&pages=6&linkid=5 Association of Malayalam Movies Artistes (AMMA)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324172925/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/artist/4432/1/sudheesh.html Sudheesh(Actor) OneIndia Popcorn]
*[https://sudheesh-malayalamactor.blogspot.com/ Sudheesh (Actor) Fan Blog]
*[http://kerals.com/malayalammovie/23516/sudeesh/index.htm Sudheesh Malayalam Actor]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudheesh}}
[[Category:Male actors from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]

Adarsh Housing Society scandal

2026-03-28T20:23:48Z

Samyam517: Starting a details

{{Short description|Housing allocation scheme in Mumbai}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Coord|18.9093|N|72.8167|E|region:IN|display=title}}
[[File:Adarsh Housing.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Adarsh Housing.|Adarsh Housing Society in July 2011.]]
The Adarsh Housing Society is a 31-story building constructed on prime real estate in [[Colaba]], [[Bombay]], for the welfare of war Widows and personnel of [[Ministry of Defence (India)|India's Ministry of Defence]]. Over a period of several years, politicians, bureaucrats and military officers allegedly conspired to bend several rules concerning land ownership, zoning, floor space index and membership getting themselves flats allotted in this [[cooperative society]] at below-market rates.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/criminal-conspiracy-in-mumbai-highrise-army-officers-could-be-involved-defence-probe/704533/0 | title= Criminal conspiracy in Mumbai highrise, Army officers could be involved: Defence probe | work= Press Trust of India |date= 29 October 2010| accessdate= 5 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/02/newswallah-a-brief-history-of-corruption-in-the-ministry-of-defense/| title= A Brief History of Corruption in the Ministry of Defense | author= Neha Thirani|work= The New York Times|date= 2 April 2012| accessdate= 5 April 2014}}</ref>

In 2011, a report of the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]] (CAG) said, "The episode of Adarsh co-operative Housing Society reveals how a group of select officials, placed in key posts, could subvert rules and regulations in order to grab prime government land – a public property – for personal benefit."<ref>{{cite web|title=Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Adarsh Co-operative Housing Society, Mumbai |url=http://saiindia.gov.in/english/home/Our_Products/Audit_Report/Government_Wise/union_audit/recent_reports/union_compliance/2011_12/Defence_Services/Report_11/Adarsh_Defence.pdf |publisher=Comptroller and Auditor General of India |accessdate=27 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803071611/http://saiindia.gov.in/english/home/Our_Products/Audit_Report/Government_Wise/union_audit/recent_reports/union_compliance/2011_12/Defence_Services/Report_11/Adarsh_Defence.pdf |archivedate=3 August 2012 }}</ref>

In January 2011, the [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra government]] set up a two-member judicial commission to inquire into the matter. The commission was headed by retired High Court judge Justice J A Patil, with N N Kumbhar acting as member secretary. After deposing 182 witnesses over 2 years, the commission submitted its final report in April 2013 to the [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra government]]. The report highlighted 25 illegal allotments, including 22 purchases made by [[Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988|proxy]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/adarsh-housing-scam-commission-submits-its-final-report-356037| title= Adarsh Housing scam commission submits its final report | work= Press Trust of India |publisher= NDTV |date= 19 April 2013 | accessdate= 5 April 2014}}</ref> The report also [[indict]]ed four former [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|chief ministers of Maharashtra]]: [[Ashok Chavan]], [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]], [[Sushilkumar Shinde]] and [[Shivajirao Nilangekar Patil]], 2 former urban development ministers: [[Rajesh Tope]] and [[Sunil Tatkare]] and 12 top bureaucrats for various illegal acts. The allottees included [[Devyani Khobragade]].<ref name="Adarsh panel indicts four Maharashtra ex-CMs"/><ref name="Maharashtra Govt Rejects Adarsh Scam Report"/>
Allegations of corruption resulted in the resignation of [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]], [[Ashok Chavan]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/26/corruption-allegations-prompt-slew-of-political-resignations-in-india/ | title= Corruption Allegations Prompt Slew of Political Resignations in India | author= Malavika Vyawahare |work= The New York Times|date= 26 June 2012 | accessdate= 5 April 2014}}</ref>

The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), the [[Income Tax Department]] and the [[Enforcement Directorate]] (ED) are currently investigating allegations that three former [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|chief ministers of Maharashtra]] – [[Sushilkumar Shinde]], [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] and [[Ashok Chavan]] – were involved.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/HC-slams-ED-CBI-for-tardy-Adarsh-probe/articleshow/12078426.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219040539/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-29/mumbai/31110130_1_adarsh-probe-adarsh-cooperative-housing-society-adarsh-members | url-status=live | archive-date=19 December 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=HC slams ED, CBI for tardy Adarsh probe | date=29 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="NDTVlist">{{cite news
|title=Adarsh Society scam: Where are the Kargil martyrs in the allottees?
|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/adarsh-society-scam-where-are-the-kargil-martyrs-in-the-allottees-63478
|newspaper=[[NDTV]]
|date=30 October 2010
|accessdate=16 March 2011
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127164930/http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/adarsh-society-scam-where-are-the-kargil-martyrs-in-the-allottees-63478
|archivedate=27 January 2011
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

As of 2024, the Adarsh Society case still being heard by the courts and a final verdict has not yet been reached.

==Alleged violations==
The Adarsh Society high-rise was constructed in the [[Colaba]] locality of [[Mumbai]]. This is considered a sensitive coastal area by the Indian Defence forces and is the location of various Indian defence establishments.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Criminal conspiracy in Adarsh highrise case: Def Min probe
|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/108752/criminal-conspiracy-adarsh-highrise-case.html
|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]
|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]
|date=29 October 2010
|accessdate=15 November 2010
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030133124/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/108752/criminal-conspiracy-adarsh-highrise-case.html
|archivedate=30 October 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
The society is also alleged to have violated Indian environment ministry rules.<ref>{{cite news
|title='Didn't give eco clearance'
|first=Manish
|last=Pachouly
|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Didn-t-give-eco-clearance/Article1-623706.aspx
|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]
|date=9 November 2010
|accessdate=15 November 2010
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020112555/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Didn-t-give-eco-clearance/Article1-623706.aspx
|archivedate=20 October 2012
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

The issue was first raised by IBN7 News channel in 2003 as mentioned by [[Indian Navy]] in its [[affidavit]] to committee probing Adarsh Scam. Sr journalist Ravindra Ambekar expose this scam. <ref>{{cite news|last=Halarnkar|first=Samar|title=Officer in CBI net ropes big fish for prime Mumbai plot|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/28841/|accessdate=27 March 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=3 August 2003}}</ref> In 2010, it was again raised by [[media in India|various newspapers and TV channels]]. Questions were raised about the manner in which apartments in the building were allocated to bureaucrats, politicians and army personnel who had nothing to do with the [[Kargil War]] and the way in which clearances were obtained for the construction of the building of the Adarsh Society.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Gen Vij favours probe into Adarsh housing society scam
|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/109055/gen-vij-favours-probe-adarsh.html
|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]
|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]
|date=30 October 2010
|accessdate=15 November 2010
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423113218/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/109055/gen-vij-favours-probe-adarsh.html
|url-status=live
|archivedate=23 April 2011
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Chavan asked Adarsh society to change bye-laws: Deshmukh
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article863424.ece
|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]
|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]
|date=1 November 2010
|accessdate=15 November 2010
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104000757/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article863424.ece
|archivedate=4 November 2010
|location=Chennai, India
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
It had led to the resignation of the then Chief Minister, [[Ashok Chavan]].<ref>{{cite news
|title='Adarsh housing controversy is just tip of the nexus iceberg'
|first=Vinod Kumar
|last=Menon
|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/oct/311010-adarsh-housing-society-scandal-cm-ashok-chavan-resignation-whistleblowers.htm
|newspaper=[[MiD DAY]]
|date=31 October 2010
|accessdate=15 November 2010
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103075133/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/oct/311010-adarsh-housing-society-scandal-cm-ashok-chavan-resignation-whistleblowers.htm
|archivedate=3 November 2010
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
Some of the current allottees of the flats in the Adarsh co-operative society building have offered to return their flats, denying allegations that they were allotted flats because they influenced or helped, in some manner, the construction of the society by violating the rules.<ref>{{cite news
|title=I have returned the Adarsh flat, says former Navy chief
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/I-have-returned-the-Adarsh-flat-says-former-Navy-chief/articleshow/6843467.cms
|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]
|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]
|date=31 October 2010
|access-date=15 November 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104092821/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6843467.cms
|archive-date=4 November 2012
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

In an interview to [[The Hindu]] published on 26 March 2012, General [[V. K. Singh|VK Singh]], the [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]] ascribed many of the attempts to malign him during his tenure to, amongst others, those he described as "the Adarsh lobby", as well as those who were affected by his efforts to rid the army of corruption.<ref>{{cite news|last=Subramanium|first=Vidya|title=Sack the general, did you say?|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article3269586.ece|accessdate=3 April 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=1 April 2012|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

==Current state of investigation==
Several inquiries have been ordered by the army and the Government to probe into the irregularities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Adarsh Society: Army setting up court of inquiry |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article863396.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 November 2010 |accessdate=15 November 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104022550/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article863396.ece |archivedate=4 November 2010 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Bombay High Court monitoring of CBI investigation ===
{{See also|Public-interest litigation (India)}}

There was a spate of petitions filed in [[Bombay High Court]] seeking to monitor CBI investigation. The petitions are Criminal [[Public-interest litigation (India)|PIL]] No. 34 of 2010 by former Journalist Ketan Tirodkar, Criminal Writ Petition No. 3359 of 2010 by Simpreet Singh and Criminal PIL No. 36 of 2010 by Mahendra Singh. Ref. Bombay High Court order dated 17 Feb. 2011 [http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/generatenewauth.php?auth=cGF0aD0uL2RhdGEvY3JpbWluYWwvMjAxMS8mZm5hbWU9Q1JQSUwzNDEwMTcwMjExLnBkZiZzbWZsYWc9Tg==]. By this order High Court asked CBI to amend the F.I.R. by adding Benami Properties Transaction Act section 4. Also, the High Court transferred the missing files probe from Mumbai Police to CBI. Praveen Wategaonkar filed Criminal PIL later seeking invoking of Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) into the case. So it has been invoked and Enforcement Directorate came into picture.<ref name="Bombay High court order on 28 Feb 2012">{{cite web|title=Bombay High court order on 28 Feb 2012 |url=http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/data/criminal/2012/WP335910280212.pdf |publisher=Bombay High Court |accessdate=18 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055647/http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/data/criminal/2012/WP335910280212.pdf |archivedate=23 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Bombay High court order on 12 March 2012">{{cite web|title=Bombay High court order on 28 Feb 2012 |url=http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/data/criminal/2012/CRPIL2011120312.pdf |publisher=Bombay High Court |accessdate=18 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060731/http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/data/criminal/2012/CRPIL2011120312.pdf |archivedate=23 October 2013 }}</ref>

Reacting to these petitions and based on the slow pace of the investigation in the last two years, [[Bombay High Court]] severely castigated [[Enforcement Directorate]] for its failure to initiate any probe in the matter on 28 February 2012. Expressing its unhappiness the court observed, ''"It is unfortunate that ED has remained a mute spectator. There is a serious lapse on the agency's part for not probing into money laundering offence. ED has not moved an inch. It reflects a sorry state of affairs. We are summoning the director as there has been no assistance from his department to the court."'' The Court also rapped the CBI for the tardiness in its investigations (begun in January 2011).<ref name="Bombay High court order on 28 Feb 2012"/><ref name="Adarsh scam probe: Bombay HC pulls up ED">{{cite news | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/maharashtra/adarsh-scam-probe-bombay-hc-pulls-up-ed_761118.html | title=Adarsh scam probe: Bombay HC pulls up ED | work=Zee News | date=28 February 2012 | accessdate=4 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="Adarsh housing scam: Bombay HC slams ED, CBI, warns of forming SIT ">{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Adarsh-housing-scam-Bombay-HC-slams-ED-CBI-warns-of-forming-SIT/articleshow/12068967.cms | title=Adarsh housing scam: Bombay HC slams ED, CBI, warns of forming SIT | work=The Times of India| date=28 February 2012 | accessdate=4 March 2012}}</ref> The High Court, again on 12 March 2012, severely castigated the CBI for not arresting any of the accused in spite of having evidence and ordered it to take action without fear or favour.<ref name="Bombay High court order on 12 March 2012"/><ref name="Why no arrests in Adarsh scam, court asks CBI">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2572885.ece | title=Why no arrests in Adarsh scam, court asks CBI | date=12 March 2012 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu}}</ref> ED having registered a case under Prevention of Money Laundering Act, has decided to launch attachment proceedings of the flats after going through the latest chargesheet filed by CBI.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/ED-to-attach-Adarsh-assets/Article1-885981.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125064712/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/ED-to-attach-Adarsh-assets/Article1-885981.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2013 |title=ED to attach Adarsh assets |date=10 July 2012 }}</ref>
In a landmark judgement, the Bombay high court on 29 April 2016, ordered the demolition of the building.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khapre|first1=Shubhangi|title=Why Adarsh demolition order has Congress crumbling|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/adarsh-housing-society-scam-why-adarsh-demolition-order-has-congress-crumbling-2776706/|accessdate=5 June 2016|agency=The Indian Express|issue=29 April|publisher=Indian Express Newspapers|date=2016}}</ref>

=== Arrests ===
Following the Court's criticism, the CBI carried out eight arrests including two retired [[Major General]]s Tej Kaul and AR Kumar, retired brigadier MM Wanchoo, former [[General officer commanding|General Officer Commanding]](GOC) of Maharashtra, [[Gujarat]] and [[Goa]], Adarsh promoter Kanhaiyalal Gidwani and Pradeep Vyas, the then city collector and currently, finance secretary (expenditure) in the [[Govt. of Maharashtra]]. Accordingly, on 22 March 2012, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, [[Prithviraj Chavan]] announced in the legislative assembly that the two [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officers whose names have featured in the report: Pradeep Vyas and [[Jairaj Phatak]] have been suspended from government service.<ref name="Adarsh Scam: CBI Arrests Retd Brigadier, 3 Others">{{cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=756408 |title=Adarsh Scam: CBI Arrests Retd Brigadier, 3 Others |work=outlook India |date=20 March 2012 |accessdate=28 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321092804/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=756408 |archivedate=21 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Adarsh Scam: IAS Officer, 2 Retd Maj Generals Arrested">{{cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=756595 |title=Adarsh Scam: IAS Officer, 2 Retd Maj Generals Arrested |work=outlook India |date=21 March 2012 |accessdate=28 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322130207/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=756595 |archivedate=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

According to newspaper reports, many of the arrested hold more than one flat in the society in fictitious names. Former Congress MLC Kanhaiyalal Gidwani was reported to have as many as ten flats, which he had bought on behalf of top politicians.<ref>{{cite news|last=Raja|first=Aditi|title=CBI probe reveals former Cong minister owns 10 flats in Adarsh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/kanhaiyalal-gidwani-biggest-share-tainted-adarsh-flats-97319-2012-03-27|access-date=28 March 2012|newspaper=India Today|date=28 March 2012}}</ref> Gidwani and his son had been earlier arrested on 6 March 2012, by the CBI for trying to influence CBI officials investigating their alleged involvement. In a further twist to the case, the CBI officers arrested their own lawyers, J K Jagiasi and Mandar Goswami. Jagiasi allegedly asked an Air India (AI) official, one of the accused in the case, to pay a bribe of Rs 5 million in exchange for diluting charges levelled against him. The petty cash books maintained by Jagiasi helped unearth the conspiracy. In addition, Rs 2.5 million was allegedly paid to Goswami. He was the Special Counsel in the Ministry of Law and Justice and at present is working as Retainer Counsel for CBI. According to CBI sources, the tainted AI official approached the CBI for dilution of the case filed against him.<ref name="Adarsh Scam: CBI Arrests Own Lawyer, Ex-Cong MLC">{{cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=754366 |title=Adarsh Scam: CBI Arrests Own Lawyer, Ex-Cong MLC |date=6 March 2012 |accessdate=27 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502151002/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=754366 |archivedate=2 May 2013}}</ref>

[[Jairaj Phatak]] and Ramanand Tiwari were arrested by the CBI on 3 April 2012, for their alleged involvement in receiving illegal gratification in the Adarsh Housing Society.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/adarsh-scam-two-top-bureacrats-detained/245402-3.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407015619/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/adarsh-scam-two-top-bureacrats-detained/245402-3.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=7 April 2012
|title=Jairaj Phatak & Ramanand Tiwari Arrested by CBI
|date=3 April 2012
|accessdate=2012-04-03
}}</ref>

=== Bail ===
On 29 May 2012, a special CBI court granted bail to seven of the nine arrested since the CBI failed to file a [[chargesheet]] within the stipulated 60 days from the time it took them in custody. Those granted bail include Maj. Gen. ([[Retired]]-retd) A. R. Kumar, Maj. Gen. (retd) T. K. Kaul, Brig. (retd) M. M. Wanchu, IAS officer and former Mumbai [[district collector]] Pradeep Vyas, former Defence Estate officer R. C. Thakur, IAS officer P. V. Deshmukh and former Congress member of the [[Vidhan Parishad|Legislative Council]] Kanhaiyalal Gidwani (the chief promoter of Adarsh). The bail was set at ₹500,000 [[Indian rupee|rupees]] (US$7,700). They have been directed to attend the CBI office every Tuesday and Thursday between 10 am and 12 pm. The court also told the accused to deposit their passports and not tamper with evidence.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seven get bail in Adarsh scam|url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/seven-get-bail-in-adarsh-scam-1|publisher=MSN India|accessdate=30 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616063807/http://news.in.msn.com/national/seven-get-bail-in-adarsh-scam-1|archive-date=16 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Aniket Nikam]] will represent the [[Ministry of defence|Ministry of Defence]] before the commission set up to investigate the [[Adarsh Housing Society scandal]].

===Role of Maharashtra Governor K Sankaranarayanan===
In spite of CBI having a strong 'quid pro quo' case against ex Maharashtra CM [[Ashok Chavan]], Maharashtra Governor [[K. Sankaranarayanan]] refused to grant permission to prosecute Chavan.
<ref>{{cite news
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maharashtra-governor-bails-out-Ashok-Chavan-in-Adarsh-case/articleshow/27550945.cms
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221031000/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-18/india/45336754_1_ashok-chavan-adarsh-housing-scam-adarsh-society
|url-status=live
|archive-date=21 December 2013
|title=Maharashtra governor bails out Ashok Chavan in Adarsh case
|date=18 December 2013
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|access-date=2013-12-18
}}</ref>

'''Case Time Lines'''

Jan 2014: Sessions court refuses to delete Ashok Chavan's name as accused in the case on request made by CBI.

Mar 2015: Bombay High Court also dismisses Ashok Chavan's petition seeking deletion of his name from the case.

Oct 2015: CBI submits fresh evidence to Maharashtra Governor Ch [[C. Vidyasagar Rao|Vidyasagar Rao]] seeking sanction once again.

Feb 2016: Governor Rao grants the CBI permission to prosecute Ashok Chavan. Chavan approaches HC challenging Governor's order.

''Dec 22, 2017: HC allows Chavan’s petition and quashes and sets aside Governor’s order granting sanction to prosecute him.''

== Inquiry by a Judicial Commission ==

On 9 January 2011, [[Government of Maharashtra]] appointed a two-member judicial commission, under the [[Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952]],<ref name="Chavan appoints judicial inquiry into Adarsh scam">{{cite news|title=Chavan appoints judicial inquiry into Adarsh scam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article1073153.ece|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 January 2011|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> to investigate alleged irregularities and corruption. It was decided that the commission would be led by a retired [[Bombay High Court]] judge [[JA Patil]]<ref name="Profile of J.A. Patil at High Court of Bombay">{{cite web|title=Profile of J.A. Patil at High Court of Bombay|url=http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/jshowpuisne.php?auth=cGFnZW5vPTMz|publisher=High Court of Bombay|accessdate=6 October 2012}}</ref> while former State Chief Secretary P Subramanian would be the member.

The Commission's terms of reference were to investigate all aspects, including land ownership and allotment, permissions given to Adarsh. The Commission was given three months' time to complete the investigation.<ref name="State govt appoints 2-member panel to probe Adarsh scam">{{cite news|title=State govt appoints 2-member panel to probe Adarsh scam|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/state-govt-appoints-2-member-panel-to-probe-adarsh-scam/421220/|accessdate=6 October 2012|newspaper=Business Standard|date=9 January 2011}}</ref>

On 27 June 2012, while deposing before the two-member panel probing the affair, [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]], Union Minister and former chief minister of Maharashtra contended that land was allotted to the housing society after getting clearance from the Revenue Department, passing the buck to his successor, [[Ashok Chavan]] who headed the department then.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/adarsh-probe-vilasrao-deshmukh-blames-ashok-chavan-for-land-allotment-236698?pfrom=home-india| title= Adarsh probe: Vilasrao Deshmukh blames Ashok Chavan for land allotment| date=27 June 2012}}</ref>

=== Report and role of Maharashtra state cabinet led by Prithviraj Chavan===
{{Quote box
|quote = Adarsh not a saga of ideal cooperation but a shameless tale of blatant violations of statutory provisions, rules and regulations. It reflects greed, nepotism and favoritism on the part of some people.
|source = Justice JA Patil and P Subramanian Commission report<ref name="Maharashtra Govt Rejects Adarsh Scam Report"/>
|width = 25%
}}

<ref>{{cite news|title=We knew Adarsh report will be rejected: Justice Patil|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/We-knew-Adarsh-report-will-be-rejected-Justice-Patil/articleshow/27803469.cms|accessdate=23 December 2013|date=23 December 2013|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
In April 2013, the commission submitted its final report to the [[Government of Maharashtra]] but it refused to table it in the assembly. The [[Government of Maharashtra]] deliberately adopted delay tactics and it was only after queries from the [[Bombay High Court]] that the Government tabled the report purposely on the very last day of Assembly's Winter Session in December 2013 so that the Adarsh report cannot be discussed in the Winter session of 2013. The report that was tabled was conveniently rejected by the Maharashtra Cabinet led by [[Prithviraj Chavan]].<ref name="Maharashtra Govt Rejects Adarsh Scam Report">{{cite news|title=Maharashtra Govt Rejects Adarsh Scam Report |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=821762 |accessdate=21 December 2013 |date=20 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221015010/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=821762 |archivedate=21 December 2013 }}</ref>

The report [[indict]]ed 4 former chief ministers: [[Ashok Chavan]], [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]], [[Sushilkumar Shinde]] and [[Shivajirao Nilangekar Patil]], 2 former urban development ministers: [[Rajesh Tope]] and [[Sunil Tatkare]] and 12 top bureaucrats.<ref name="Adarsh panel indicts four Maharashtra ex-CMs">{{cite news|title=Adarsh panel indicts four Maharashtra ex-CMs|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Adarsh-panel-indicts-four-Maharashtra-ex-CMs/articleshow/27694093.cms|accessdate=21 December 2013|date=21 December 2013|work=The Times of India}}</ref> The report said [[Ashok Chavan]] and other bureaucrats gave permissions and clearances in exchange for flats. It found 25 of the society's 102 members ''ineligible''. The report also said Adarsh enjoyed the "political patronage" of Late Vilasrao Deshmukh, Sushil Kumar Shinde, Chavan, Sunil Tatkare and Rajesh Tope. The report revealed that 22 [[Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988|benami transactions]] took place and that the Adarsh society never sought any environmental clearances.<ref name="panel report slams former chief minister Ashok Chavan">{{cite news|title=panel report slams former chief minister Ashok Chavan|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/adarsh-housing-society-scam-panel-report-slams-former-chief-minister-ashok-chavan-461213|accessdate=21 December 2013|date=20 December 2013}}</ref> The report mentioned that [[Devyani Khobragade]] (who was in the news for a visa fraud allegation by [[United States Government]] around the same time the report was released), was an illegal beneficiary of a flat allotted to her.<ref name="Adarsh Scam: Khobragade Among Illegal Beneficiaries">{{cite news|title=Adarsh Scam: Khobragade Among Illegal Beneficiaries |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=821793 |accessdate=21 December 2013 |date=20 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221015027/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=821793 |archivedate=21 December 2013 }}</ref>

After [[Rahul Gandhi]] and [[Sonia Gandhi]] publicly disapproved of Maharashtra cabinet's decision to reject judicial report, [[Prithviraj Chavan]] convened a cabinet meet to review the decision. The report was partially accepted by the state cabinet. It was decided that the 12 officials named in the report will face departmental inquiry for violating the service conduct rules but appeared going soft on politicians named by the commission for political patronage. The cabinet has also decided to initiate proceedings against 22 benami transactions, adding the commission had recommended action against allottees of such flats as they were found to be in violation of the Benami Transactions Prohibition Act.

==CBI special court rejects CBI plea==
[[K. Sankaranarayanan]], [[Governor of Maharashtra]] (2010-2014) in 2013 rejected the proposal of Central Bureau of Investigations to grant sanction to prosecute former Chief Minister Ashok Chavan for having favoured Adarsh Society by way of allotment of additional Floor Space Index illegally.{{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=May 2019}}
It is stated in the C.B.I. proposal that Mr. Chavan grabbed two apartments in the to be decided tainted society for these illegal decisions.

Acitivist Ketan Tirodkar moved Bombay High Court seeking direction to C.B.I. to proceed against Ashok Chavan without sanction on the basis of Supreme Court Judgement stating that sanction to prosecute is not required in cases that are monitored by Court.[Application 27 of 2013 in Cr.PIL 34 of 2010]. The application states that Governor Mr. Sankarnarayan was Union Minister with father of Ashok Chavan and Ashok met governor on later's birth-day 15 October; 2013; at Raj Bhavan; official residence of the Governor. This meet lasted for an hour; as stated in the application after which Governor rejected the CBI plea of sanction. The application in High Court seeks direction to CBI to proceed with prosecution of Ashok Chavan & Governor. [http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/city-briefs-adarsh-housing-scam-plea-in-hc-against-guv-order-on-ashok-chavan/1210802/][http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/application-challenges-governors-refusal-to-allow-chavans-prosecution/article5494514.ece]

The CBI decided not to challenge the Governor's decision stating that all the available evidence of Mr Chavan's involvement had been placed before him and that they would only do so if new evidence emerged.<ref>{{cite news|title=No immediate review of governor's opinion on Ashok Chavan: CBI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/No-immediate-review-of-governors-opinion-on-Ashok-Chavan-CBI/articleshow/28842789.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122083750/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-15/india/46223770_1_bhagvati-sharma-sister-in-law-seema-ashok-chavan|url-status=live|archive-date=22 January 2014|access-date=15 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 January 2013}}</ref> However the special court rejected the CBI's plea to drop his name from the list of accused in the Adarsh case. Special CBI court observed even though governor K Sankaranarayanan had rejected CBI's plea for sanction to prosecute Chavan, he could still be tried under the Prevention of Corruption act as he has been accused of criminal misconduct. Special CBI Public Prosecutor Bharat Badami himself admitted in the court that the CBI would be "very happy" to prosecute the former chief minister but "our hands are tied".<ref>{{cite news|title= CBI plea for dropping Ashok Chavan's name in Adarsh scam rejected|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBI-plea-for-dropping-Ashok-Chavans-name-in-Adarsh-scam-rejected/articleshow/29000811.cms|accessdate=18 January 2013|date=18 January 2013|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
Another Public Interest Litigation has been moved by activist Ketan Tirodkar seeking to prosecute State Cabinet for having rejected Judicial Commission findings pertaining to Adarsh housing affair.[https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094734/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-24/mumbai/45539153_1_adarsh-case-adarsh-report-cbi].

== Other Issues ==

Adarsh Housing Society has defended its actions as similar to other housing societies such as ''Samata'', ''Nyay Sagar'' & likes in which "serving and retired judges already owned homes in Mumbai but transferred these in names of their children to become eligible for apartments in Samata & Nyay Sagar."<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/adarsh-has-a-defence-there-are-so-many-like-us/733999/0 Adarsh has a defence, there are so many like us - Indian Express]</ref> Also, Nyay Sagar Society is constructed upon a plot of land reserved for Housing the War Disabled.

==Events since 2014==
In 2014, when the BJP led NDA formed the government of Maharashtra, the case against Ashok Chavan was reopened. However, Chavan appealed and the Bombay High court rejected the reopening of the case. In 2016, the same court ordered the building to be demolished holding that it was illegally constructed. However, the society appealed to the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme court of India]] which in 2018 ordered a stay on the demolition. On the orders of the Supreme Court, the Indian army has secured the building pending further appeals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Army begins takeover of controversial Adarsh building |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-begins-takeover-of-controversial-adarsh-building/articleshow/53464339.cms |accessdate=29 May 2019 |agency=PTI |issue=18 July 2018 |work=Economic Times|date=2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[Aiyaary]]'', a film directed by [[Neeraj Pandey]] based on the affair.
* [[Central Bureau of Investigation]]
* [[Enforcement Directorate]]
* [http://www.societywiki.com Encyclopedia for Co-operative Housing Society]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20130126084855/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-04/mumbai/31286937_1_war-heroes-cbi-fir-cbi-case Will Ashok Chavan be next to be arrested by the CBI?]
* [https://archive.today/20130126070306/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-04/mumbai/31287040_1_adarsh-housing-benami-flats-t-k-kaul Adarsh housing scam: 2 IAS officers held, heat is up on 3 ex-Chief Ministers]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120906190636/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/adarsh-scam-more-highprofile-arrests-to-follow/245617-3.html Adarsh scam: more high-profile arrests to follow?]

[[Category:Housing in India]]
[[Category:2010 in India]]
[[Category:Political corruption in India]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Corruption in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress of Maharashtra]]

Vidyasagar Nautiyal

2026-03-23T18:21:14Z

Samyam517:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Vidyasagar Nautiyal''' (29 September 1933 – 12 February 2012) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician, Hindi author and leader of [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI). He was elected as a member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Devprayag Assembly constituency|Devprayag]] in 1980.<ref name="results1980">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3254-uttar-pradesh-1980/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=Eci.gov.in |access-date=26 March 2022}}</ref> He was the president of [[All India Students' Federation]] from 1959 to 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://umjb.in/gyankosh/gyankosh.php|title=Vidyasagar Nautiyal - Biography | Stories | Wiki | विद्यासागर नौटियाल - जीवन परिचय | जीवनी | लेखक|website=Umjb.in|access-date=21 July 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:People from Tehri Garhwal district]]

{{CPIndia-politician-stub}}

Ambarish Bhattacharya

2026-03-13T12:50:24Z

Samyam517:

{{Short description|Indian Bengali actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ambarish Bhattacharya
| image = Ambarish Bhattacharya.jpg
| caption = Bhattacharya in 2020
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|03|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| citizenship = Indian
| known_for = ''Gaja'' in Raja & Gaja
| notable_works = {{Unbulleted list |Raja & Gaja (2007 - 2010)|[[Open Tee Bioscope]] (2015)| [[Khorkuto]] (2020-2022)}}
| occupation = Actor
| spouse =
}}

'''Ambarish Bhattacharya''' (born 13 March 1979) is a Bengali actor and comedian. He started his career through performing at [[Bengali theatre]] and [[Stage (theatre)|stage]]. He made his television debut in the 2007 playing the character ''Gaja'' in Raja & Gaja. He has acted in numerous TV [[soap operas]] and Bengali films.

==Career==
Ambarish forayed into Bengali television with his debut fiction comedy series Raja & Gaja.<ref>{{cite news |last1=ভট্টাচার্য |first1=অম্বরীশ |title=গৌতমদা চলে যাওয়া মানে একটা সময় হারিয়ে যাওয়া... |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/ambarish-bhattacharya-remembers-actor-gautam-dey-dgtl-1.920504 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=bn|date=24 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff Writer|date=2019-04-24|title=Interactive session with Ambarish Bhattacharya|url=https://www.laughalaughi.com/interviews/interactive-session-with-ambarish-bhattacharya/|access-date=2021-10-19|website=LaughaLaughi|language=en-US}}</ref> He began working in films from 2011 with minor roles. He has already worked with directors like [[Kaushik Ganguly]], [[Anjan Dutt]], [[Srijit Mukherji]], [[Kamaleswar Mukherjee]], and others. ''[[Open Tee Bioscope]]'' by [[Anindya Chattopadhyay]], ''[[Bibaho Obhijaan]]'' by [[Birsa Dasgupta]] and ''[[Gotro]]'' by Sibaprasad Mukherji and [[Nandita Roy]] are some of works with major roles.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Sankha |title=Ambarish to share screen with Prosenjit in Kaushik Ganguly's film - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ambarish-to-share-screen-with-prosenjit-in-kaushik-gangulys-film/articleshow/75753103.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="f1"/><ref name="sw">{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Bishwabijoy |title=Ambarish to start working in 'Switzerland' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ambarish-to-start-working-in-switzerland/articleshow/73320376.cms |access-date=5 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=17 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Sankha |title=Two Kaushiks to reunite in 'Ardhangini' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/two-kaushiks-to-reunite-in-ardhangini/articleshow/78679640.cms |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=15 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Beside these, he has also been active in sharing screens in TV commercials.<ref>{{cite news |last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |title='এ কথা যেন পাঁচকান করো না' অম্বরীশকে কেন বললেন অমিতাভ? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/ambarish-bhattacharya-shares-his-work-experience-with-amitabh-bachchan-dgtl-1.856505 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=bn|date=31 August 2018}}</ref>

=== Theatre ===
Ambarish started working with theatre groups from early 2000. He was closely involved in performing theatre songs along with veteran thespian and singer [[Ketaki Dutta]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Ruman |title=Ambarish does playback for the first time for Anjan Dutt's film - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ambarish-does-playback-for-the-first-time-for-anjan-dutts-film/articleshow/71832761.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> After some time he also started acting in theater groups. He has also worked in [[Jatra (theatre)]] with the famous female impersonator [[Chapal Bhaduri]] in ''Shitala'' from 2000 to 2006{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}. Some of his works includes ''Ferari Fouj'' (2005) under Sanglap Kolkata;<ref>{{cite web |title=''Ferari Fouj'' - Sanglap Kolkata |url=https://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/107792production.html#7 |website=www.calcuttayellowpages.com |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref> ''Puratani Natoker Gaan'' (songs compilation) (2006) and ''Kanu Kohe Raai'' (2010) under Sansriti group<ref>{{cite web |title=Sansriti |url=https://www.theatresansriti.org/content.php?cms_id=5 |website=www.theatresansriti.org |publisher=Sansriti Theatre Group |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref> and ''Nisanga Samrat'' (2013) under Indraranga group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nisanga Samrat [2013] {{!}} Indraranga |url=http://indraranga.org.in/production.aspx |website=indraranga.org.in |publisher=Indraranga Theatre Group |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref>

==Filmography and television==

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Channel
! Comments
|-
| 2007-2010
| ''Raja & Gaja''
| Gaja
| rowspan="17" | Bengali
| rowspan="6" | [[Zee Bangla]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Comic Caper |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/comic-caper/cid/345472 |access-date=3 April 2021 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=19 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2012 - 2013
| [[Saat Paake Bandha (2010 TV series)|''Saat Paake Bandha'']]
| Bubai
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Raage Anuraage]]''
| Prashanta Banerjee
|
|-
| 2013 - 2014
| ''[[Boyei Gelo]]''
| Mr. Botobyal
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Bibi Chowdhurani]]''
| Manohar Chowdhury
|<ref name="a">{{cite news |last1=নাথ |first1=ঊর্মি |title=মেগা থেকে ছুটি অম্বরীশের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/ambarish-bhattacharya-takes-break-from-mega-serial-1.624819 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=bn|date=8 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 - 2016
| ''[[Goyenda Ginni]]''
| Ashish Mitra aka ''Hablu''
|<ref name="b">{{cite news |title='প্রেমিকা আমার লুঙ্গি পরা বন্ধ করে দিয়েছিল প্রায় তিন বছর' |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/an-exclusive-interview-of-ambarish-bhattacharya-dgtl-1.481265 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=7 December 2017|access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 - 2017
| ''[[Punyi Pukur]]''
| Chandrajit Banerjee
| [[Star Jalsha]]
| <ref name="a"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
| ''[[Bhootu]]''
| School Teacher
| [[Zee Bangla]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Gaaner Oparey to Bhutu: Fave Bengali Serials Return Amid Lockdown |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/tv/gaaner-oparey-to-bhutu-fave-bengali-serials-return-amid-lockdown |work=[[The Quint]] |date=4 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mahanayak (TV series)|''Mahanayak'']]
| ''Buro''
| [[Star Jalsha]]
| <ref name="b"/>
|-
| 2018
| ''Bhajaharir Dhaba''
| Bhajahari
| [[DD Bangla]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=ভজহরির ধাবা : BHAJAHARIR DHABA |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8i8TSpcc43I |website=www.youtube.com | date=30 March 2020 |publisher=[[DD Bangla]] |access-date=9 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019–2021
| ''[[Sreemoyee]]''
| Pradip Bose aka ''Dipu''
| rowspan="7" | [[Star Jalsha]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=সিরিয়ালে ফিরছেন অম্বরীশ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/ambarish-bhattacharya-returns-to-television-in-a-new-serial-1.1003135 |access-date=3 April 2021 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=10 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''Hashiwala & Company''
| Co-anchor
| <ref name="host"/>
|-
| 2020–2022
| ''[[Khorkuto]]''
| Kamaleshwar Mukherjee aka ''Potka''
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Khorkuto to narrate the tale of love, family bonding and values - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/khorkuto-to-narrate-the-tale-of-love-family-bonding-and-values/articleshow/77442963.cms |access-date=3 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=9 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="t1">{{cite news |last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |title='খড়কুটো' ধারাবাহিকের বাবিনের উপর ক্ষুব্ধ নেটাগরিকরা, কী বলল পটকা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/actor-ambarish-bhattacharya-aka-potka-talks-about-his-role-in-khorkuto-dgtl/cid/1262856 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=23 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2022–2023
| ''[[Guddi (TV series)|Guddi]]''
| Debpratim Sen aka ''Dodul''
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Ruman |title=Ambarish happy to play pivotal roles in two mega serials - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ambarish-happy-to-play-pivotal-roles-in-two-mega-serials/articleshow/88973874.cms |work=The Times of India |date=18 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024–2025
|''Roshnai''
|Chotu
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025–Present
|''Chirosokha''
| -
|
|-
|''Bhole Baba Par Karega''
| Kushanjan Bhattacharya
|
|-
|}

===Filmography===
* ''[[Open Tee Bioscope]]'' (2015)<ref name="host">{{cite news |last1=Ruman |first1=Ganguly |title=Ambarish is excited about co-anchoring a show with Kharaj - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/ambarish-is-excited-about-co-anchoring-a-show-with-kharaj/articleshow/78205973.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Dekh Kemon Lage]]'' (2017)<ref>{{cite web |title=Dekh Kemon Lage (2017) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dekh-kemon-lage-34167/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609201039/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dekh-kemon-lage-34167/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=9 June 2022 |website=Cinestaan |access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref>
* ''[[Jio Pagla]]'' (2017)<ref name="cc"/>
* ''[[Shob Bhooturey]]'' (2017)<ref>{{cite news |title=সব ভূতুড়ে নাকি সবটাই ভূতুড়ে? কেমন হল বিরসার ছবি? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/loose-knit-shob-bhooturey-fails-to-meet-expectation/ |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=8 September 2017|language=bn}}</ref>
*''[[Cockpit (2017 film)|Cockpit]]'' (2017)<ref name="a"/>
*''[[Manojder Adbhut Bari]]'' (2018)<ref>{{cite news |title=Ten reasons why Manojder Adbhut Bari is a must watch - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ten-reasons-why-manojder-adbhut-bari-is-a-must-watch/articleshow/66178191.cms |work=The Times of India |date=12 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Kabir (film)|Kabir]]'' (2018)
* ''Bhagshesh'' (2018)<ref>{{cite news |last1=নাথ |first1=ঊর্মি |title=সাহিত্যিকের চরিত্রে অম্বরীশ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/ambarish-is-going-to-play-litterateur-in-next-movie-1.647822 |access-date=3 April 2021 |work=www.anandabazar.com |date=16 July 2017}}</ref>
* ''Hoyto Manush Noy'' (2018)<ref>{{cite news |title=Priyanka Sarkar to star in upcoming horror anthology 'Hoyto Manush Noy' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/priyanka-sarkar-to-star-in-upcoming-horror-anthology-hoyto-manush-noy/articleshow/63108923.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Uma (2018 film)|Uma]]'' (2018)<ref name="f1">{{cite news |title=Uma's trailer launch was loaded with bangaliana - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kolkata/umas-trailer-launch-was-loaded-with-bangaliana/articleshow/63996561.cms |work=The Times of India |date=2 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Samsara'' (2019)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Debasmita |first1=Debasmita |title=অস্তিত্ব এবং উপলব্ধির অন্তহীন চক্রব্যূহ 'সামসারা' |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/bengali-thriller-samsara-review-126999/ |work=Indian Express Bangla |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |date=3 August 2019 |language=bn-IN}}</ref>
* ''[[Gotro]]'' (2019)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chattopadhyay |first1=Bhaskar |title=Gotro movie review: Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Nandita Roy's latest film is shallow and overly preachy - Entertainment News |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/gotro-movie-review-shiboprosad-mukherjee-nandita-roys-latest-film-is-shallow-and-overly-preachy-7421031.html |work=Firstpost |date=29 September 2019}}</ref>
* ''[[Shantilal O Projapoti Rohoshyo]]'' (2019)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Sankha |title=Ambarish to play a journalist - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ambarish-to-play-a-journalist/articleshow/71274630.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Baccha Shoshur]]'' (2019)<ref name="cc">{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Ruman |title=A different role for Ambarish in Baccha Shoshur - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/a-different-role-for-ambarish-in-baccha-shoshur/articleshow/67885196.cms |work=The Times of India |date=7 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Bibaho Obhijaan]]'' (2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=Ambarish Bhattacharya onboard for 'Bibaho Obhijaan' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ambarish-bhattacharya-onboard-for-bibaho-obhijaan/articleshow/69003342.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[The Parcel]]'' (2020)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Sankha |title=When Rituparna received an unexpected parcel at her doorstep! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/did-you-know/when-rituparna-received-an-unexpected-parcel-at-her-doorstep/articleshow/74824293.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Detective (2020 film)|Detective]]'' (2020)<ref>{{cite news |title='Detective' gets direct-to-digital release |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2020/08/05/detective-gets-direct-to-digital-release |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=5 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Roushni |title=Detective trailer: Anirban Bhattacharya shines in a comic avatar in this period drama |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/aug/5/26648/detective-trailer-anirban-bhattacharya-shines-in-a-comic-avatar-in-this-period-drama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821070359/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/aug/5/26648/detective-trailer-anirban-bhattacharya-shines-in-a-comic-avatar-in-this-period-drama |url-status=live |archive-date=21 August 2022 |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=Cinestaan |date=5 August 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti]]'' (2020)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Choudhary |first1=Aman |title=Bengali Movie Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti Box Office Collection 2020 Total Earning Audience Review |url=https://socialtelecast.com/bengali-movie-brahma-janen-gopon-kommoti-box-office-collection-2020-total-earning-audience-review/ |work=socialtelecast.com |date=7 March 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[Saheber Cutlet]]'' (2020)<ref>{{cite news |title=Neel Dutt pens a 'musical' piece |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/arts/neel-dutt-pens-a-musical-piece/cid/1794215 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[Switzerland (2020 film)|Switzerland]]'' (2020)<ref name="sw"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Majumder |first1=Suparna |title=Bangla Movie Review in Bengali: Here is the Review of Abir Chatterjee, Rukmini Maitra starrer film Switzerland |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/film-review/here-is-the-review-of-abir-chatterjee-rukmini-maitra-starrer-bengali-film-switzerland/ |work=Sangbad Pratidin |date=13 November 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[Lokkhi Chele]]'' (2022)<ref>{{cite news |title=What's keeping Ambarish busy? - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/whats-keeping-ambarish-busy/articleshow/74487218.cms |access-date=3 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Projapoti (2022 film)|Projapoti]]'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2022 |title=Avijit Sen just launched the trailer for his upcoming film, Projapoti, starring Mithun and Dev |work=[[The Times Of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/avijit-sen-just-launched-the-trailer-for-his-upcoming-film-projapoti-starring-mithun-and-dev/articleshow/95956837.cms |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
* ''[[Haami 2]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Maayakumari]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Kaberi Antardhan]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Sankha |date=21 September 2020 |title=Ambarish in Kaushik Ganguly's 'Kaberi Antardhan' - Times of India |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/ambarish-in-kaushik-gangulys-kaberi-antardhan/articleshow/78228594.cms}}</ref>
* ''[[Fatafati]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Ardhangini (2023 film)|Ardhangini]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite news |date=11 October 2019 |title=Jaya Ahsan to star in Kaushik Ganguly's Ardhangini |work=Dhaka Tribune |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/showtime/2019/10/11/jaya-ahsan-to-star-in-kaushik-ganguly-s-ardhangini |access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref>
* ''[[Byomkesh O Durgo Rahasya]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Raktabeej]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Pradhan (film)|Pradhan]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Pariah (2024 film)|Pariah]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Boomerang (2024 Bengali film)|Boomerang]]'' (2024)
* ''Asukh Bisukh'' (2024)
* ''[[Ajogyo]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Shastri (2024 film)|Shastri]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Madam Sengupta]]'' (2025)

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Production
! Comments
|-
| 2017-2018
| [[Hello (web series)]]
| Ambarish
| Bengali
|rowspan="2"|Hoichoi
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Hello - ''Hoichoi Originals'' |url=https://www.amazon.com/Hello/dp/B07KFTBDL3 |website=www.amazon.com |publisher=[[Amazon Prime Video]] |access-date=9 April 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| Ha Ja Ba Ra La
| Co-host (''stand-up comedy'')
| Bengali
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Ha Ja Ba Ra La - Ep1 - Half Girlfriend - Ambarish Bhattacharya ''Hoichoi Originals'' |url=https://www.amazon.com/Ha-Ja-Ba-Ra-La/dp/B07JFRB8H9 |website=www.amazon.com |publisher=[[Prime video]] |access-date=9 April 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Name
! Result
|-
| 2022
| West Bengal Tele Academy Awards
| Best Actor ''(Comic role)''<ref>{{cite news |title=Tele Academy Awards 2022 Winners: মিঠাই -সিদ্ধার্থ থেকে জুন আন্টি! দেখুন টেলি আকাদেমিতে অ্যাওয়ার্ডসে কারা পেলেন সেরার সেরা পুরস্কার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/mithai-soumitrisha-adrit-ushasie-aindrila-ambarish-and-others-gets-awards-see-west-bengal-tele-academy-awards-2022-winner-list-award-given-mamata-banerjee-soc-352738-2022-03-11 |access-date=11 March 2022 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
|''[[Khorkuto]]''
| {{won}}
|-
|2024
|[[Filmfare Awards Bangla|Filmfare Award Bangla]]
|Best Supporting Actor
|''[[Ardhangini (2023 film)|Ardhangini]]''
|{{won}}
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|7428212}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattacharya, Ambarish}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Bengali male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards Bangla winners]]

Tourism in Bihar

2026-03-09T16:24:42Z

Samyam517:

{{Short description|none}}
The state of [[Bihar]] ({{langx|hi|बिहार}}) in [[East India|eastern India]], is one of the oldest inhabited places in the world with a history going back 3000 years. The rich culture and heritage of Bihar is evident from the innumerable ancient [[monument]]s that are dotted all over the [[States and territories of India|state]]. Bihar is home to many tourist attractions and is visited by large numbers of tourists from all over the world.<ref name="tourism website">{{cite web |url=http://www.tourism.gov.in/survey/BIHAR%20TOURISM%20ANNUAL%20STATISTICS%20%20REPORT%20Final.pdf |title=Incredible !ndia |access-date=2011-02-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222105539/http://www.tourism.gov.in/survey/BIHAR%20TOURISM%20ANNUAL%20STATISTICS%20%20REPORT%20Final.pdf |archive-date=2010-12-22 }} Statics Tourism in Bihar on [[Indian Government]]'s [http://www.tourism.gov.in tourism website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008053507/http://tourism.gov.in/ |date=2008-10-08 }}</ref> Around total 6 million tourists visit Bihar every year.<ref name="tourism website" />
[[File:Mahabodhitemple.jpg|thumb|[[Mahabodhi Temple]], Bodh Gaya]]

[[File:Nalanda University ruins.JPG|thumb|Ruins of [[Nalanda Mahavihara]]]]

[[File:Rohtasgarh Fort 5.jpg|thumb|[[Rohtas Fort, India|Rohtasgarh Fort]] at [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]]]

[[File:Fort of Darbhanga.jpg|thumb|[[Darbhanga Fort]] in [[Darbhanga]]]]

[[File:Shershah Tomb Surrounded by lake water.jpg|thumb|[[Tomb of Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah Suri Tomb]] at [[Sasaram]]]]

[[File:Maa Mundeshwari Devi.jpg|thumb|[[Mundeshwari Temple]] in [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]]]]

[[File:Sun-temple_DEO_Aurangabad_Bihar,India.jpg|thumb|[[Deo Sun Temple]] in [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]]]]

[[File:Janaki kund, Sitamarhi, Bihar.jpg|thumb|[[Sita Kund|Janaki Kund]] at [[Sitamarhi]]]]

[[File:Vidhnudham mandir ganpatganj supaul.jpg|thumb|This is an image of vishnu dham temple]]

[[Megasthenes]] (B.C. 350–290 B.C.) visited the region in reign of [[Chandragupta Maurya]].<ref>[http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book5a.asp v,6]</ref> His observations were recorded in ''[[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indika]]''. [[Dionysius (ambassador)|Dionysius]] was son of [[Megasthenes]], who visited [[Pataliputra]] in reign of [[Ashoka]]. [[Xuanzang|Hsuan-Tsang]] and [[I Ching (monk)|I Ching]] visited [[Nalanda]] to study in the 7th century. This state is the place of [[Mahavira]], the 24th and last [[Tirthankara]], [[Aryabhata]], [[Ashoka|Great Ashoka]], [[Chanakya]], [[Gautama Buddha]], [[Mahavira]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]], [[Chandragupta Maurya]], [[Vātsyāyana]], [[Sher Shah Suri]], [[Maa Tara Chandi Temple]], and many other great historical figures.<ref>[http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+6.21 Pliny the Elder, "The Natural History", Chap. 21] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728023626/http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.%2BNat.%2B6.21 |date=2013-07-28 }}</ref>

Bihar ranked 8th in the top 10 states/UTs of India in number of foreign tourist visits in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/Other/ITS_Glance_2018_Eng_Version_for_Mail.pdf |title=India Tourism Statistics at a Glance 2018 |access-date=11 November 2018 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111093327/http://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/Other/ITS_Glance_2018_Eng_Version_for_Mail.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The year 2019, saw highest number of tourists in Bihar, with over 35 million tourists, including 11.9 million foreign tourists.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/2019-saw-highest-number-of-tourists/articleshow/74013593.cms |title=2019 saw highest number of tourists in Bihar |access-date=21 November 2021 |archive-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211222042/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/2019-saw-highest-number-of-tourists/articleshow/74013593.cms |work=Times of India |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Monuments and museums==

{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
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| align =
| background color = #ED9D0B
| width =
| image1 = Mahabodhitemple.jpg
| image2 = Nalanda Mounds.jpg
| image3 = Vikramshila 2012-08-10-17.48.39.jpg
| image4 = Rajgir - 002 Old City Walls (9242554013).jpg
| image5 = Kesariya Stupa -kesariya- east champaran- Bihar.jpg
| image6 = N-BR-39 Ashokan Pillar Vaishali (13).jpg
| footer_background = #ED9D0B
| footer_align = center
| footer = [[Mahabodhi Temple]] (an [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]), [[Nalanda]](an [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]), [[Vikramashila]], [[Cyclopean Wall of Rajgir]], [[Kesaria stupa]], [[Pillars of Ashoka]]
| header = Monuments of Bihar
| header_background = #F68A06
}}
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 340
| align =
| background color = #ED9D0B
| width =
| image1 = Bihar Museum Bailey Road 01.jpg
| image2 = Bihar Museum 02.jpg
| image3 = Bihar Museum Children and Wildlife Section.jpg
| image4 = Bihar museum.jpg
| image5 = Patna Museum - General View (9221515542).jpg
| image6 =
| footer_background = #ED9D0B
| footer_align = center
| footer = [[Bihar Museum]] (approach road, exterior, artifacts, and gallery), [[Patna Museum]], [[Patna Planetarium]]
| header = Museum in Bihar
| header_background = #F68A06
}}

=== Monuments ===
{{Main|List of Monuments of National Importance in Bihar|List of State Protected Monuments in Bihar|label 1=Monuments of National Importance in Bihar|label 2=State Protected Monuments in Bihar}} '''Mahabodhi Mahavihar''', (literally: "Great Awakening Temple"), a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], is an ancient, but much rebuilt and restored, [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple in Bodh Gaya, marking the location where the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] is said to have attained [[Enlightenment (Buddhism)|enlightenment]].<ref>{{cite web|title=World Heritage Day: Five must-visit sites in India|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/world-heritage-day-five-must-visit-sites-in-india/article1-1338551.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814145305/http://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/world-heritage-day-five-must-visit-sites-in-india/article1-1338551.aspx|archive-date=2015-08-14}}</ref> Bodh Gaya (in [[Gaya district]]) is about {{convert|96|km|0|abbr=on}} from [[Patna]], [[Bihar]] state, [[India]]. [[Nalanda|Nalanda Mahavihara]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], is an worlds oldest university situated in [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]], [[Bihar]]. It comprises the archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. It includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and important art works in stucco, stone and metal. Nalanda stands out as the most ancient university of the Indian Subcontinent. [[Archaeological Survey of India]] has recognized 72 [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Bihar|monuments in Bihar]] as [[Monument of National Importance|Monuments of National Importance]]. Furthermore, [[Archaeological Survey of India]] has recognized 30 additional monument as [[List of State Protected Monuments in Bihar|protected monuments]] in Bihar. These monument identifier is monuments and distributed across the [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Bihar|Bihar]].
{|
| valign="top" |

==== Archaeological ====

* [[Pillars of Ashoka|Ashoka Pillars]]
* [[Baliraajgadh]]
* [[Basarh]]
* [[Bulandi Bagh]]
*[[Kumhrar]]
*[[Kesaria stupa]]
*[[Bimbisar Jail]]
*[[Maniyar Math Rajgir]]
* [[Agam Kuan]]
* [[Lauriya Araraj]]
* [[Lauriya Nandangarh]]
* [[Rampura, Bihar|Rampura]]
* [[Balirajgarh]]
* [[Lal Pahari Lakhisarai]]
*[[Chirand]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Historical sites ====
* [[Cyclopean Wall of Rajgir]]
* [[Mahabodhi Temple]]
* [[Jal Mandir]]
* [[Sasaram]]
* [[Deo Surya Mandir|Deo Sun Temple]]
* [[Kurkihar Hoard]]
* [[Mandar Parvat]]
* [[Brahmayoni Hill]]
* [[Pretshila Hill]]
* [[Ramshila Hill]]
* [[Thawe Mandir]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Forts ====
* [[Someshwar Fort]]
* [[Rohtas Fort, India|Rohtas Fort]]
* [[Shergarh Fort]]
* [[Jalalgarh Fort]]
* [[Raj Mahal]]
* [[Munger Fort]]
* [[Darbhanga Fort]]
* [[Deo Fort]]
* [[Buxar Fort]]
* [[Ajatshatru Fort]]
* [[Navlakha Palace]]
* [[Anandbagh Palace]]
* [[Nargona Palace]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Inscription sites ====

*[[Vadathika Cave Inscription|Vadathika Inscription]]
*[[Gopika Cave Inscription|Gopika Inscription]]
*[[Barabar Caves|Barabar]] [[Gopika Cave Inscription|Inscription]]

==== Ancient cities ====

*[[Nalanda]]
* [[Vikramashila]]
* [[Rajgir]]
*[[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]]
*[[Kesaria]]
|}

=== Museums ===
{{See also|List of museums in Bihar}}
{|
| valign="top" |

==== History museums ====
* [[Bihar Museum]]
* [[Patna Museum]]
* [[Rajendra Smriti Sangrahalaya]]
* [[Gandhi Sangrahalaya, Patna]]
* [[Buddha Samyak Darshan Museum and Memorial Stupa|Budha Samyak Darshan Museum and Memorial Stupa]]
* [[Begusarai Museum]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Archaeology museums ====
* [[Archaeological Museum, Nalanda]]
* [[Archaeological Museum, Bodh Gaya]]
* [[Archaeological Museum, Vaishali]]
*[[Archaeological Museum, Vikramshila]]
*[[Vachaspati Sangrahālaya]], Madhubani
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Craft museums ====
*[[Chandradhari Museum]]
*[[Jalan Museum]]
* [[Maharajadhiraja Lakshmishwar Singh Museum]]

==== Science museums ====
* [[Patna Planetarium]]
* [[Srikrishna Science Centre]]
* [[Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Science City]]
* [[Darbhanga Planetarium]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

|}

== Religious tourism ==
Bihar is one of the most sacred place of various religions like [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhist pilgrimage|Buddhism]], [[Mahaveer#Birth of Prince Vardhaman|Jainism]], [[Takht (Sikhism)|Sikhism]], Many [[tourist]]s travel to Bihar to visit their [[pilgrimage]]. [[Mahabodhi Temple]], a [[Buddhist]] [[shrine]] and [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], is also situated in [[Bodh Gaya]]. A [[Mahavir Mandir]], Patna having second highest budget in [[North India]] after the famous [[Vaishno Devi]] shrine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandir trust submits Rs 35-cr budget | Patna News|website=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Patna/Mandir_trust_submits_Rs_35-cr_budget/articleshow/3017191.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510061347/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Patna/Mandir_trust_submits_Rs_35-cr_budget/articleshow/3017191.cms|archive-date=2008-05-10|access-date=2008-09-29}} Budget of [[Mahavir Mandir]]</ref>

=== Dharmic religions ===
{{See also|List of Hindu temples in Bihar|List of Jain temples in Bihar|label 1=Hindu temples in Bihar|label 2=Sikh temples in Bihar|label 3=Buddhist temples in Bihar|label 4=Jain temples in Bihar}}
The term '[[Bihar]]' derives from the Sanskrit word '[[Vihāra]]', which means abode and it itself explains the relation of Bihar with the viharas, used as the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] abode. The land of Bihar is considered to be the richest one in context of Buddhism as it showered the divine light of enlightenment on a young ascetic, [[Siddhartha Gautama]], in [[Bodh Gaya]] under [[Bodhi Tree]]. This makes [[Bodh Gaya]] is a holiest site in [[Buddhism]] and place of pilgrimage associated with the [[Mahabodhi Temple]] Complex in [[Gaya district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. The [[Gautama Buddha]] preached many sermons in different places of like [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] and [[Rajgir]]. Even after His [[Mahaparinirvana|Mahaprinirvana]], disciples carried on the doctrine of [[Buddhism]] in the regions of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]], [[History of Bihar#Late Vedic Kingdoms|Bihar]]. [[Gautama Buddha]]'s disciples opened several monasteries and Universities such as [[Nalanda University]] and [[Vikramshila University]]. [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]] emperor [[Ashoka|Ashoka the Great]] became a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and made [[Buddhism]] [[state religion]] and spread its [[Buddhist ethics|doctrine]], in different parts of India and abroad.

The capital of Bihar, [[Patna]] is one of the holiest city in [[Sikhism]], as [[Sikh Gurus|The tenth Guru of the Sikhs]] [[Guru Gobind Singh]] was born here in 1666 and spent his early years before moving to Anandpur.<ref name="Johar 1979 23">{{cite book | last = Johar | first = Surinder Singh | title = Guru Gobind Singh: A Study | publisher = Marwah Publications | year = 1979 | pages = 23 }}</ref> Patna was also honoured by visits from [[Guru Nanak]] in 1509 as well as [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] in 1666. [[Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb]], one of the [[Takht (Sikhism)|Five Takhts]] of the [[Sikhism]], is a [[Gurdwara]] situated in [[Patna Sahib|Patna]] and it is made in remembrance of the birthplace of [[Guru Gobind Singh]], [[Sikh Gurus|The tenth Guru of the Sikhs]].<ref name="Johar 1979 23" /> [[Gurdwara Pahila Bara]], also known as [[Gurdwara Ghai Ghat]], is dedicated to [[Guru Nanak Dev]], who during his visit in to Patna stayed here in 1509 and later by [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] along with his family visited this place in 1666.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gurbaani.com/gurd/gurdawaras6.htm |title=Historical Sikh Gurdawaras in Bihar - India |access-date=2010-02-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111054434/http://www.gurbaani.com/gurd/gurdawaras6.htm |archive-date=2010-01-11 }} [[Gurdwara Pahila Bara]]</ref> [[Gurdwara Gobind Ghat]] - is where the child [[Guru Gobind Singh]] used to play with his playmates on the bank of the [[Ganges]]. It is situated on the bank of river [[Ganges]] and hardly 200 yards from [[Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb]]. It is also known as [[Gurdwara Kangan Ghat]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.takhatpatnasahib.com/Gurdwara-Kangan-Ghat.aspx |title=Gurdwara Kangan Ghat |access-date=2010-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527214504/http://www.takhatpatnasahib.com/Gurdwara-Kangan-Ghat.aspx |archive-date=2009-05-27 }} Gurdwara Gobind Ghat</ref> [[Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh|Guru ka Bagh]] and [[Gurdwara Bal Leela]] is situated near [[Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb|birthplace]] of [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurdwara Guru Ka Bagh|url=http://www.takhatpatnasahib.com/Gurdwara-Guru-Ka-Bagh.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217005152/http://www.takhatpatnasahib.com/Gurdwara-Guru-Ka-Bagh.aspx|archive-date=2012-02-17|access-date=2012-08-15}} Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh</ref>- This place is just few meters away from Takhat Patna Sahib. Guru ji were playing with other children during his childhood. [[Gurdwara Bal Leela]] is also known as [[Maini Sangat]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.takhatpatnasahib.com/Gurdwara-Bal-Leela.aspx |title=Gurdwara Baal Leela |access-date=2010-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527213026/http://www.takhatpatnasahib.com/Gurdwara-Bal-Leela.aspx |archive-date=2009-05-27 }} Gurdwara Bal Leela</ref> [[Gurdwara Handi Sahib]] was built in the memory of [[Guru Teg Bahadur]]. As [[Guru Teg Bahadur]] with [[Mata Gujri]] and [[Bala Preetam]] stayed here in 1728<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.takhatpatnasahib.com/Gurdwara-Haandi-Saheb.aspx |title=Gurdwara Haandi Sahib |access-date=2010-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527214459/http://www.takhatpatnasahib.com/Gurdwara-Haandi-Saheb.aspx |archive-date=2009-05-27 }} Gurdwara Handi Sahib</ref>

[[Rajgir]] is birthplace of [[Munisuvrata]], the twentieth [[Tirthankara|Jain tirthankara]] and [[Pawapuri]] is nirvana place of [[Mahavira]] the last [[Tirthankara|Jain tirthankara]]. [[Pataliputra]] and [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] is significant religious place in [[Jainism]]. [[Champapuri]] is a Jain pilgrimages where all the {{transliteration|hi|italic=no|[[Panch Kalyanaka|five kalyanaks]]}} of Lord [[Vasupujya]] have taken place. The tallest statue of [[Tirthankara|Jain tirthankara]] [[Vasupujya]] which stands 31 feet in height was built in [[Champapuri]] in 2014. The Panch Kalyanak Pratishtha Mahotsav of the statue was done from 27 Feb to 3 Mar 2014. [[Kamaldah Jain Temple]] is the oldest Jain temple in [[Patna]] built in 18th century. This temple belonging to digambar sect of Jainism, is dedicated to [[Neminatha]], the 22nd tirthankara. This place has traditionally been associated with the birth of the renowned Jain teacher, [[Sthulabhadra]].

{|
| valign="top" |

==== Hindu pilgrimages ====
* [[Vishnupada Temple]]
* [[Mahavir Mandir]]
* [[Deo Surya Mandir|Sun Temple, Deo]]
* [[Ajgaibinath Dham|Ajgaibinath Temple]]
* [[Sundernath|Sundernath Temple]]
* [[Sita Kund|Punaura Dham]]
* [[Jaimangla Garh Temple]]
* [[Mundeshwari Temple]]
* [[Maa Jaleshwari Temple]]
* [[Mangla Gauri Temple]]
* [[Aami Mandir]]
* [[Shitala Mata Temple, Patna|Shitala Mata Temple]]
* [[Shyama Mai Temple]]
* [[Ahalya Sthan]]
* [[Kusheshwar Asthan]]
* [[Chandika Sthan]]
* [[Umga Sun Temple]]
* [[Maa Tara Chandi Temple]]
* [[Thawe Mandir|Thawe mandir]]
* [[Haleshwar Sthan]]
* [[Ashokdham Temple]]
* [[Singheshwar (community development block)|Singheshwar Temple]]
* [[Kapileshwar Temple, Bihar|Kapileshwar Asthan]]
* [[Tintoliya temple]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Sikh pilgrimages ====
* [[Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb]]
* [[Gurdwara Pahila Bara]]
* [[Gurdwara Gobind Ghat]]
* [[Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh]]
* [[Gurdwara Bal Leela]]
* [[Gurdwara Handi Sahib]]
* Gurdwara Taksali Sangat
* Gurdwara Chacha Phaggu Mal
* Gurdwara Pakki Sangat
* Gurdwara Bari Sangat
*Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji Chauki.
*[[Prakash Punj]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Buddhist pilgrimages ====
* [[Mahabodhi Temple]], [[Bodh Gaya]]
*[[Hsuen Tsang Memorial]]
*[[Patliputra Karuna Stupa]]
*[[Vishwa Shanti Stupa]]
*[[Kesaria stupa|Kesariya Buddha Stupa]]
*[[Phra Ovadapatimokkha Dhammacetiya]]
*[[Metta Buddharam Temple]]
*[[Royal Bhutan Monastery]]
*[[Venu Van]]
*[[Great Buddha (Bodh Gaya)|The Great Buddha statue]]
*[[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]]
* [[Nalanda]]
* [[Rajgir]]
* [[Vikramashila]]
* [[Areraj]]
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Jain pilgrimages ====
* [[Jal Mandir]], [[Pawapuri]]
* [[Lachhuar Jain temple]]
* [[Jain temple, Kundalpur (Bihar)|Siddha Kshetra, Kundalpur]]
* [[Kamaldah Jain temple|Siddha Kshetra Kamaldahji]]
* [[Siddha Kshetra Mandargiri]]
* [[Champapuri]]
* [[Siddha Kshsetra Gunawaji]]
* [[Rajgir]]
|}

===Abrahamic religions===
[[Maner Sharif]] is the place where [[Makhdum Daulat]] in 1608 died. It was then in 1616 that [[Ibrahim Khan (governor of Bihar)|Ibrahim Khan]], Governor of [[Bihar]] who was also his disciple, finished the construction of his [[mausoleum]]. [[Bihar Sharif]] and [[Phulwari Sharif]] is [[sufism]] center which has cultural past. [[Sher Shah Suri Masjid|Sher Shah Suri Mosque]], also known as Shershahi, was built in [[Afghan architecture]] by [[Sher Shah Suri]] during1540-1545 to commemorate his reign. [[Pathar ki Masjid]] situated on the bank of the [[holy river]] [[Ganges]] in [[Patna]] and it was built by Parvez Shah, son of Jahangir, in 1621.

[[Padari ki haveli|Virgin Mary Church]], also as [[Padari ki haveli]], is the oldest [[Church (building)|church]] in [[Bihar]] and it was built in 1713 in [[Patna]] by [[Roman Catholics]]. . [[Holy Saviour Church, Arrah|Holy Saviour Church]] of [[Arrah]] is also historically important site.

In 2012, the [[Universal House of Justice]] announced the locations of the first local [[Baháʼí House of Worship|Baháʼí Houses of Worship]] that would be built. One of the specified locations was in [[Bihar Sharif]], [[Bihar]], India.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 April 2012|title=Plans to build new Houses of Worship announced|newspaper=Baháʼí World News Service|publisher=Baháʼí International Community|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/906|access-date=2012-04-22}}</ref> In April 2020, the design for the Bihar Sharif House of Worship was unveiled.<ref name="bsharif-temple-design">{{cite news|date=29 April 2020|title=Local Temple design unveiled in India|agency=Bahá’í World News Service|url=https://news.bahai.org/story/1421/|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> In February 2021, a groundbreaking ceremony for the temple was held.<ref name="bwns-biharsharif-gb">{{cite news|date=21 February 2021|title=Ground broken for first local Bahá'í temple in India|agency=Bahá’í World News Service|url=https://news.bahai.org/story/1491/|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
{|
| valign="top" |

==== Islam pilgrimages ====
* [[Maner Sharif]]
* [[Bihar Sharif]]
* [[Phulwari Sharif]]
*[[Pathar ki Masjid]]
*[[Sher Shah Suri Mosque]]
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Christian pilgrimages ====
* [[Padri Ki Haveli]]
*[[Holy Saviour Church, Arrah|Holy Saviour Church]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Bahai pilgrimages ====

* [[Bihar Sharif]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

|}

== Architectural tourism ==

{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 340
| align =
| background color = #ED9D0B
| width =
| image1 = Golghar patna.jpg
| image2 = Sabhyata dwar...jpg
| image3 = शेरगढ़ का किला.jpg
| image4 = Fort of Darbhanga.jpg
| image5 = Great Buddha Statue, Buddha Gaya and surrounding places- IRCTC 2017 (41).jpg
| image6 = Lord Vasupujya.jpeg
| image7 = "_Tomb_of_Sher_Shah_Suri_".jpg
| image8 =
| footer_background = #ED9D0B
| footer_align = center
| footer = [[Golghar]], [[Sabhyata Dwar]], [[Shergarh Fort]], [[Darbhanga Fort]], [[Great Buddha (Bodh Gaya)|Great Buddha]], [[Vasupujya | Vasupujya Statue]], [[Sher Shah Suri Tomb]]
| header = Architecture of Bihar
| header_background = #F68A06
}}
The first significant architectural pieces in Bihar date back to the [[Vedic period]]. While the [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan period]] marked a transition to the use of brick and stone, wood remained the material of choice. Evidence of ancient structures have been found in recent excavations in Kumrahar, in modern-day [[Patna]]. Remains of an 80-pillared hall have also been unearthed. The Buddhist [[stupa]], a dome-shaped monument, was and is used in Bihar as a commemorative monument used to enshrine sacred relics.<ref name="Ency">Encyclopædia Britannica (2008). ''Pagoda''.</ref> Many stupas, like those at [[Nalanda]] and [[Vikramshila]], were originally built as brick and masonry mounds during the reign of [[Ashoka]] (273 BCE - 232 BCE). Fortified cities with stūpas, ''[[vihara]]s'', and temples were constructed during the [[Maurya Empire]] (c. 321–185 BCE). [[Guard rail]]s—consisting of posts, crossbars, and a coping—became a safety feature surrounding a stupa. Some of Buddhist architecture blended with [[Roman architecture|Roman]] and [[Architecture of ancient Greece|Hellenestic architecture]] to give rise to unique new styles, such as the [[Greco-Buddhist]] style.<ref name="moffett">Moffett, M.; Fazio, M.; and Lawrence Wodehouse (2003). ''A World History of Architecture''. McGraw-Hill Professional. 75. {{ISBN|0-07-141751-6}}.</ref> Vedic and Mauryan structure was largely suffered damage at the hands of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal raiders]] in the 12th century.<ref name="Scott">{{cite journal|last=Scott|first=David|date=May 1995|title=Buddhism and Islam: Past to Present Encounters and Interfaith Lessons|journal=Numen|volume=42|issue=2|pages=141–155|doi=10.1163/1568527952598657|jstor=3270172}}</ref> Though parts of the Bihar have been excavated, much of its ancient architecture still lies buried beneath the modern city. [[Persia]]n influence can be seen in surviving Mughal tombs made of sandstone and marble.<ref name="eb-mughalarch">''Mughal architecture''. Encyclopædia Britannica (2008)</ref> Surviving Mughal architecture includes [[Sher Shah Suri Tomb]], built by [[Sher Shah Suri]] and his successor. [[Ibrahim Khan (governor of Bihar)|Ibrahim Khan]], Governor of [[Bihar]] and a disciple of [[Makhdum Daulat]], oversaw the completion of Makhdum Daulat [[mausoleum]] in 1616.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sufi Circuit|url=http://discoverbihar.bih.nic.in/pages/sufi_circuit.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210150820/http://discoverbihar.bih.nic.in/pages/sufi_circuit.htm|archive-date=10 December 2008|access-date=29 November 2008}}</ref> Another example of Mughal architecture is the building at [[Maner Sharif]]. The domed building features walls adorned with intricate designs and a ceiling full of inscriptions from the [[Quran]]. [[Patna High Court]], [[Bihar Vidhan Sabha]], [[Bihar Vidhan Parishad]], Transport Bhawan, Patna, [[Golghar]] [[St. Mary's Church, Patna|St. Mary's Church]] and [[Patna Museum]] are some example of [[Indo-Saracenic]] Architectures.
{|
| valign="top" |

=== Building ===
* [[Golghar]]
* [[Kargil Chowk]]
* [[Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre|Ashok International Convention Centre]]
*[[Sher Shah Suri Tomb]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

=== Gate ===
* [[Sabhyata Dwar]]
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

=== Forts ===
*[[Someshwar Fort]]
* [[Rohtas Fort, India|Rohtas Fort]]
* [[Shergarh Fort]]
* [[Jalalgarh Fort]]
* [[Raj Mahal]]
* [[Munger Fort]]
* [[Darbhanga Fort]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/Mithila--Udit-Narayan--Raj-Darbhanga--Koshi-River--List-of-Kings-of-Mithila--Banaili--History-of-Mithila--Maithili-Language-9781156538036 |title=History of Mithila}}</ref>
* [[Deo Fort]]
* [[Buxar Fort]]
* Navratna Palace in Champanagar
* [[Navlakha Palace]]
* [[Nargona Palace]]
* [[Anandbagh Palace]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

=== Statue ===
* [[Great Buddha (Bodh Gaya)]]
*[[Statue of Vasupujya]]
|}

==Ecological tourism==
=== National parks, sanctuaries, and safaris ===
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 340
| align =
| background color = #ED9D0B
| width =
| image1 = Tigerwater_edit2.jpg
| image2 = Kanwar Lake Begusarai by Ziddi Photowala.jpg
| image3 = Rocky outcrop at Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary.png
| image4 = Nakti Dam.jpg
| image5 = Gangetic Dolphin.jpg
| image6 =
| image7 =
| image8 =
| footer_background = #ED9D0B
| footer_align = center
| footer = [[Valmiki Tiger Reserve]], [[Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary]], [[Nagi Bird Sanctuary]], [[Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary]], [[Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary]]
| header = National Park, Sanctuary and Safari
| header_background = #F68A06
}}

{{See also|Protected areas of Bihar}}
{|
| valign="top" |

==== National park ====
* [[Valmiki National Park]]
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Sanctuary ====
* [[Barela Bird Sanctuary]]
*[[Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
*[[Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary]]
*[[Pant Wildlife Sanctuary]]
*[[Udaypur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
*[[Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary]]
*[[Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary]]
*[[Kusheshwar Asthan|Kusheshwar Asthan Bird Sanctuary]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Safari ====
* [[Rajgir Zoo Safari|Rajgir Nature Safari]]

==== Botanical and zoological park ====
* [[Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan, Patna|Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan]]
* Mega Biodiversity Park in Araria district<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jul/09/national-dolphin-research-centre-to-come-up-in-patna-this-year-deputy-cm-sushil-kumar-modi-2001241.html|title=National Dolphin Research Centre to come up in Patna this year: Deputy CM Sushil Kumar Modi|work=New Indian Express}}</ref>
* Biodiversity Park, Deo in Aurangabad district <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/aurangabad/story-biodiversity-park-will-open-to-the-general-public-next-year-page-4-flyer-9060135.html|title=अगले साल आम लोगों के लिए खुल जाएगा जैव विविधता पार्क पेज 4 फ्लायर |work=Live Hindustan}}</ref>
|}

=== Water bodies ===
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 340
| align =
| background color = #ED9D0B
| width =
| image1 = KarKatWaterfalls.jpg
| image2 = TelharFallKaimurBihar.jpg
| image3 = Green waterfall.jpg
| image4 = AnupamLakeKaimurBihar.jpg
| image5 = Matsyagandha Lake bsut.jpg
| image6 = Ghora katora lake.jpg
| image7 =
| image8 =
| footer_background = #ED9D0B
| footer_align = center
| footer = [[Karkat Waterfall]], [[Telhar|Telhar Waterfall]], [[Dhua Kund]], [[Anupam Lake]], [[Matsyagandha Lake]], [[Ghora Katora]]
| header = Lake and Waterfalls
| header_background = #F68A06
}}

{|
| valign="top" |

==== Rivers ====
* [[Ajay River]]
* [[Bagmati]]
* [[Budhi Gandak]]
* [[Bhutahi Balan]]
* [[Gandak]]
* [[Ganges]]<ref>[[Sunil Vaidyanathan]], Rivers of India, {{ISBN|978-8189738884}}, 2012</ref>
* [[Ghaghra]]
* [[Phalgu]]
* [[Gandaki River]]
* [[Kamala River|Kamala]]
* [[Karmanasha]]
* [[Koshi River]]
* [[Mahananda River]]
* [[Mohana River|Mohana]]
* [[Punpun River|Punpun]]
* [[Sapt Koshi]]
* [[Son River]]
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Waterfalls ====
* [[Dhua Kund|Dhua Kund Falls]]
*[[Kakolat|Kakolat Waterfall]]
*[[Karkat Waterfall]]
*[[Madhuvdhandam Falls]]
*[[Manjhar Kund|Manjhar Kund Waterfall]]
* [[North Tank Waterfall]]
*[[Telhar|Telhar Waterfall]]
*[[Tutla Bhawani Waterfall]]
*[[Kashish Waterfall]]

| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Springs (hydrosphere) ====
* [[Manjhar Kund]]
* [[Dhua Kund]]
* [[Sita Kund]]
* [[Surya Kund]]
* [[Brahmakund]]
* [[Rishi Kund]]
* [[North Tank]]
* [[Gautam Ashram|Gautam Kund]]
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Lakes ====
* [[Anupam Lake]]
* [[Kharagpur Lake]]
* [[Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary|Kanwar Lake]]
* [[Ghora Katora]]
* [[Gogabil Lake]]
*[[Matsyagandha Lake]]

==== Ponds ====
*[[Mangal Talab]]
*[[Pandu Pokhar]]

====Dams and reservoirs====
* [[Indrapuri Barrage]]
|}

=== Hills and caves ===
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 340
| align =
| background color = #ED9D0B
| width =
| image1 = Mountain of Ashram.jpg
| image2 = New Rajgriha, Rajgrih, Nalanda, Bihar. Lift.JPG
| image3 =
| image4 =
| image5 =
| image6 =
| image7 =
| image8 =
| footer_background = #ED9D0B
| footer_align = center
| footer = Hills in Gaya, [[Rajgir Hills]]
| header = Hills
| header_background = #F68A06
}}{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 340
| align =
| background color = #ED9D0B
| width =
| image1 = Lomas Rishi entrance.jpg
| image2 = Son Bhandar caves, Rajgir, Bihar 01.jpg
| image3 =
| image4 =
| image5 =
| image6 =
| image7 =
| image8 =
| footer_background = #ED9D0B
| footer_align = center
| footer = [[Lomas Rishi Cave]], [[Son Bhandar Caves]]
| header = Caves
| header_background = #F68A06
}}
{|
| valign="top" |

==== Hills ====
* [[Barabar Hills]]
* [[Brahmayoni Hills]]
* [[Brahmajuni Hills]]
* [[Bateshwar Hills]]
* [[Dungeshwari Hills]]
* [[Gridhakuta Hills]]
* [[Gurpa Hills]]
* [[Kavadol Hills]]/[[Kauvadol]]
* [[Kaimur Range]]
* [[Mandar Hills]]
* [[Mundeshwari Hills]]
* [[Nagarjuni Hills]]
* [[Pretshila Hills]]
* [[Pragbodhi Hills]]
* [[Ramshila Hills]]
* [[Rajgir Hills]]
* [[Ramshila Hills]]
* [[Vaibhar Hills]]
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

==== Caves ====

* [[Barabar Caves]]
* [[Bateshwar cave]]
* [[Dungeshwari Cave]]
* [[Gopika Cave Inscription|Gopika Cave]]
* [[Indasala Caves]]
* [[Lomas Rishi Cave]]
* [[Mahakala caves]]
* [[Patalpuri Caves]]
* [[Pippala cave]]
* [[Saptaparni Cave]]
* [[Sattaparnaguha Cave]]
* [[Son Bhandar Caves]]
* [[Sitamarhi Cave]]
* [[Vadathika Cave Inscription|Vadathika Cave]]
|}

== Adventure tourism ==
* Pandu Pokhar<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/pandu_pokhar.htm|title=Pandu Pokhar in Bihar}}</ref>

== Event tourism ==
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 340
| align =
| background color = #ED9D0B
| width =
| image1 = Chatt Puja Celebration.jpg
| image2 = Sonepur Famous Fair.jpeg
| image3 =
| image4 =
| image5 =
| image6 =
| image7 =
| image8 =
| footer_background = #ED9D0B
| footer_align = center
| footer = [[Chhath]], [[Sonepur Cattle Fair]]
| header = Fair and Festival
| header_background = #F68A06
}}
[[Chhath]], a is an ancient and major Vedic festival celebrated in Bihar. It is celebrated twice a year: once in the summers, called the ''Chaiti Chhath'', and once around a week after [[Deepawali]], called the ''Karthik Chhath''. The Karthik Chhath is more popular because winters are the usual festive season in [[Bihar]].
{|
| valign="top" |

=== Fair ===
* [[Sonepur Cattle Fair|Cattle Fair, Sonepur]]
* [[Pitru Paksha|Pitru Paksha, Gaya]]
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |

=== Cultural events ===

* [[Barabar Caves|Rajgir Mahotsav]]
*[[Patliputra Natya Mahotsav]]
*[[Patna Sahib Mahotsav]]
* [[Patna Film Festival]]
*[[Darbhanga Film Festival]]
*[[Bodhisattava International Film Festival]]
|
|valign="top"|

=== Traditional festivals ===

*[[Chhath]]
*[[Sama Chakeva]]
*[[Jivitputrika]]
*[[Jur Sital]]
|}

== Cultural tourism ==
{{Main|Bihari culture}}

== Gastronomical tourism ==
{{Main|Bihari cuisine}}

==Educational tourism==
In the past, tourism in the region was purely based on [[educational tourism]], as Bihar was home of some prominent ancient universities like [[Nalanda]] and [[Vikramashila]].<ref name="Wriggins, Sally Hovey 1996">Wriggins, Sally Hovey. ''Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road''. Westview Press, 1996. Revised and updated as ''The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang''. Westview Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-8133-6599-6}}.</ref><ref>[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/f/fa-hien/f15l/ ''A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms: Being an account by the Chinese Monk Fa-Hien of his travels in India and Ceylon (A.D. 399–414) in search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline'']. Oxford, Clarendon Press. Reprint: New York, Paragon Book Reprint Corp. 1965. {{ISBN|0-486-21344-7}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124223922/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/f/fa-hien/f15l/|date=24 January 2009}}</ref>{{relevance inline|I don't think this fits in an encyclopaedic summary when there are separate articles for history and tourism.|date=January 2020}}

== Tourists ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Number of tourists visiting Bihar<ref>{{Cite web|title=jcreview|url=http://www.jcreview.com/fulltext/197-1587482899.pdf}} {{Cite web|title=tourism.gov.in |url=https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-08/Figures.pdf}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Year
! colspan="3" |Tourists
! colspan="3" |% Growth (YoY)
! colspan="2" |State rank
|-
!Domestic
!'''Foreign'''
!Total
!Domestic
!'''Foreign'''
!Total
!Domestic
!'''Foreign'''
|-
|2001
|6061168
|85673
|6146841
| -
| -
| -
|
|
|-
|2002
|6860207
|112873
|6973080
|{{increase}}+13.18
|{{increase}}+31.75
|{{increase}}+13.44
|
|
|-
|2003
|6044710
|60820
|6105530
| {{decrease}}-11.89
| {{decrease}}-46.12
| {{decrease}}-12.44
|
|
|-
|2004
|8097456
|38118
|8135574
|{{increase}}+33.96
| -37.33
|{{increase}}+33.25
|
|
|-
|2005
|6880685
|63321
|6944006
| {{decrease}}-15.03
|{{increase}}+66.12
| {{decrease}}-14.65
|
|
|-
|2006
|10670268
|94446
|10764714
|{{increase}}+55.08
|{{increase}}+49.15
|{{increase}}+55.02
|
|
|-
|2007
|10352887
|177362
|10530249
| {{decrease}}-2.97
|{{increase}}+87.79
| {{decrease}}-2.18
|
|
|-
|2008
|11889611
|345572
|12235183
|{{increase}}+14.84
|{{increase}}+94.84
|{{increase}}+16.19
|
|
|-
|2009
|15784679
|423042
|16207721
|{{increase}}+32.76
|{{increase}}+22.42
|{{increase}}+32.47
|
|
|-
|2010
|16042725
|540686
|16583411
|{{increase}}+1.63
|{{increase}}+27.81
|{{increase}}+2.32
|
|
|-
|2011
|18397490
|972487
|19369977
|{{increase}}+14.68
|{{increase}}+79.86
|{{increase}}+16.80
|
|
|-
|2012
|21447099
|1096933
|22544032
|{{increase}}+16.58
|{{increase}}+12.80
|{{increase}}+16.39
|
|
|-
|2013
|21588306
|765835
|22354141
|{{increase}}+0.66
| {{decrease}}-30.18
| {{decrease}}-0.84
|
|
|-
|2014
|22544377
|829508
|23373885
|{{increase}}+4.43
|{{increase}}+8.31
|{{increase}}+4.56
|
|
|-
|2015
|28029118
|923737
|28952855
|{{increase}}+24.33
|{{increase}}+11.36
|{{increase}}+23.87
|
|
|-
|2016
|28516127
|1010531
|29526658
|{{increase}}+1.74
|{{increase}}+9.40
|{{increase}}+1.98
|
|
|-
|2017
|32414063
|1082705
|33496768
|{{increase}}+13.67
|{{increase}}+7.14
|{{increase}}+13.45
|
|
|-
|2018
|33621613
|1087971
|34709584
|{{increase}}+3.73
|{{increase}}+0.49
|{{increase}}+3.62
|
|7
|-
|2019
|33990038
|1093141
|35083179
|{{increase}}+1.10
|{{increase}}+0.48
|{{increase}}+1.08
|15
|{{decrease}}9
|}

==Connectivity and access==
{{See also|Transportation in Bihar}}
Bihar is also an important transit point for the tourists dropping in from the other states of India. Bihar is well-connected by air, rail and road transport.
* '''By air'''
Patna has its own airport known as [[Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport]] or [[Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport|Airport Patna]]. It is a national airport and it is connected to all major cities of India via daily flights.
[[Gaya Airport]] is the only international airport in Bihar and [[Jharkhand]] which 96 km from Patna. It is an international airport which is connected to Colombo, Sri Lanka through two airline operators: [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]], [[Singapore]], and [[Bhutan]].Third Domestic Airport is [[Darbhanga Airport]].
* '''By rail'''
Bihar is strategically located in the main line of the [[East Central Railway]] and therefore connected with important cities of India and most cities within Bihar.
* '''By road'''
The cities of Bihar are well connected by public transport including both private and government transport. The cities are interconnected as well as connected with the capital. The roadways also connected to adjacent states and regular bus service is available for different cities of adjacent states like [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The roadways also connects to [[Nepal]]. To boost the state roadways, the state government have introduced [[Mercedes-Benz]] luxury buses. The Mercedes luxury buses, 92 in number, ply between 17 routes including [[Patna]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Ranchi]] and [[Jamshedpur]].

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Society}}
* [[Tourism in Patna]]
* [[Tourism in India]]
* [[Tourism in North East India]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in India]]
* [[List of national parks of India]]
* [[List of lakes of India]]
* [[List of waterfalls in India]]
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in India]]
* [[List of beaches in India]]
* [[Incredible India]]
* [[List of Geographical Indications in India]]
* [[Medical tourism in India]]
* [[List of botanical gardens in India]]
* [[List of hill stations in India]]
* [[List of gates in India]]
* [[List of zoos in India]]
* [[List of protected areas of India]]
* [[List of aquaria in India]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
* [[List of forests in India]]
* [[Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
* [[Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
* [[List of rock-cut temples in India]]
* [[Wildlife sanctuaries of India]]
* [[List of rivers of India]]
* [[List of mountains in India]]
* [[List of ecoregions in India]]
* [[Coral reefs in India]]
* [[List of stadiums in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Bihar}}
* [http://travelnewsindia.com/bihar-tourism-places-important-destintions/ Bihar Tourism Best Places]
* [https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/ Bihar Tourism Official website ]
* [http://tourismbihar.org/ Official website Of Directorate of Tourism, Bihar]
* [http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/ Official website Of Bihar Tourism Development Corporation]
* [https://www.bihartrip.com/ Bihar Trip]

{{Bihar}}
{{Tourist sites in Bihar}}
{{Tourism in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tourism In Bihar}}
[[Category:Tourism in Bihar| ]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bihar| ]]

Adventures of Omanakuttan

2026-03-03T20:33:58Z

Samyam517: enhance citations and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Adventures of Omanakuttan
| image = Adventures of Omanakuttan.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Rohith V. S.
| producer = Antony Binoy Biju Pulickal Binu Mampilly
| writer = Rohith V. S. Sameer Abdul
| starring = [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] [[Aju Varghese]]
| music = [[Arun Muraleedharan]] [[Dawn Vincent]]
| cinematography = [[Akhil George]]
| editing = Livingston Mathew
| studio = 4 M Entertainments
| distributor = 4M Entertainments
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2017|5|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Adventures of Omanakuttan''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Absurdist fiction|absurdist]] [[comedy film]] directed by Rohith V. S. in his directorial debut. The story was conceived by Sameer Abdul and he wrote the screenplay along with the director. It stars [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]], [[Aju Varghese]] and [[Saiju Kurup]]. It was produced by Antony Binoy and Biju Pulickal under the banner 4M Entertainments and features music composed by [[Arun Muraleedharan]] and Dawn Vincent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinemascene.in/2014/11/omanakuttanadventures.html |title=Adventures of Omanakuttan Malayalam Movie |Cast and Crew |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225132618/http://www.cinemascene.in/2014/11/omanakuttanadventures.html |archive-date=25 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The film was released on 19 May 2017 across [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16543/malayalam/adventures-of-omanakuttan/preview.htm|title=Adventures of Omanakuttan Malayalam Movie Preview, Synopsis Malayalam movie Adventures of Omanakuttan Preview, Synopsis|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904151347/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16543/malayalam/adventures-of-omanakuttan/preview.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
Omanakkuttan (Asif Ali) is an introverted sales executive working at a hair oil company named Clintonica owned by Chandran (Siddique), who used to be a [[snake oil salesman]]. During his time in the company, Omanakkuttan discovers a wide possibility that exists for chatting with women over phone through fake names and profiles and does so. Meanwhile, an SI (Srindaa Arhaan) whom he chats with posing as a police officer wants to see him for real. He dresses up as a police officer and comes to the venue of a music concert conducted by a musician named Sidharth (Rahul Madhav). He gets cold feet and runs away into the concert crowd, but not before the SI catches a glimpse of him. At the concert, Omanakkuttan sees Pallavi (Bhavana). Pallavi has come there to get in touch with Sidharth to get access to a bungalow for research purposes(Pallavi is a parapsychology research student who is trying to research about the existence of ghosts, etc.). At the end of the concert, Pallavi tries to call out to Sidharth and Sidharth asks Pallavi to pass her note-pad so he could give her his autograph. Pallavi finds that Sidharth has given his phone number too. But actually it was Omanakuttan who signed the note-pad and gave his number. They begin chatting over phone call. Pallavi does not know it is Omanakuttan with whom she chats and doesn't even mind him on the way. Omanakkuttan successfully continues chatting with Pallavi and several other women posing as different people from different backgrounds, while in real he is his shy and introverted self. One fateful day while returning late night from office, he is looted by a taxi driver and hit on his head and disposed in a dump yard, and wakes up to find that he has lost his memory. He forgets everything that has happened in his life so far, and even forgets his name. He has his phone but upon calling up in a few numbers, people address him with different names so he gets further confused. Stranded on the highway, he asks for lifts and one car stops and it is Pallavi inside. She takes him as a charity case for a favour without knowing it was with him she had been chatting all along. Omanakkuttan and Pallavi go on an adventure to find out who he really is or whether all of this is an act of his craft.

==Cast==
*[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] as Omanakkuttan / Jerry Thomas / Kubera / Michael Jackson / Manu / Rahul / Siddharth Iyer
*[[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] as Pallavi Deva
*[[Aju Varghese]] as Shiva
*[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Chandrasekhar
*[[Saiju Kurup]] as Philip Plamoodan
*[[Kalabhavan Shajon]] as Vinayak Hegde
*[[Rahul Madhav]] as Sidharth Iyer
*Firoz Najeeb as Chenkappa
*[[Aditi Ravi]] as Honey
*[[Srinda]] as Mallika
*Ardra Das as Shelvi
*Sreejay Narayanan as Taxi Driver
*[[Shivaji Guruvayoor]] as Sreedharan Nair
* Prasanth as Varadan
*[[Arya Rohit]] as Sumathi Chandrasekhar
*[[Adil Ibrahim]] as Sanju Wognum
*[[Shilpa Manjunath]] as Pallavi's Friend

==Production==
[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] was roped in to play the lead role. [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] was finalized for the female Lead. The shoot of the film began in 2015.

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Adventures of Omanakkuttan
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Arun Muraleedharan]] and Dawn Vincent
| cover =
| border = yes
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| label =
| producer =
| year = 2017
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Varminnal" || [[Haricharan]] ||| B. K. Harinarayanan
|-
| "Illamai" || Shakthisree Gopalan ||| B. K. Harinarayanan
|-
| "Enthanu Mone" || Anthony Dassan ||| Manu Manjith
|-
| "Karirulu (Kannada)" || Arun James||| Gururaja Bhat Kadya
|-
| "Thaniye Thaniye" || Suchith Suresan, Charles Nazareth ||| B. K. Harinarayanan
|-
| "Tarara" || [[Yazin Nizar]] ||| Manu Manjith
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5447136}}

[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2017 comedy films]]
[[Category:2017 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arun Muraleedharan]]

Gayakudu

2026-03-03T17:44:38Z

Samyam517: starting - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Gayakudu movie poster.jpeg
| caption = Film poster
| director = Kamal G
| screenplay = Kamal G
| producer = Jammalamadu Ravindranath
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]]
* [[Shriya Sharma]]
* [[M. S. Narayana]]
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]]}}
| cinematography = Kolli Durga Prasad
| editing = S. B. Uddhav
| music = Roshan Salur
| studio = Dheeru Films
| released = {{Film date|2015|02|20|df=yes}}
| runtime = 178 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Gayakudu''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Telugu language]] romantic drama film directed by Kamal G and produced by Jammalamadu Ravindranath. The film stars [[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]] and [[Shriya Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/ali-reza-turns-hero-with-gayakudu/articleshow/44109218.cms|title=Ali Reza turns hero with Gayakudu|website=The Times of India|date=2 October 2014 |accessdate=11 December 2022}}</ref> The film's music was composed by Roshan Salur and the film was released on 20 February 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gayakudu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/previews/gayakudu/articleshow/46369356.cms|access-date=2022-12-04|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gayakudu (2015) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date - BookMyShow|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/gayakudu/ET00026333|access-date=2022-12-04|website=in.bookmyshow.com}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]] as Siddansh
* [[Shriya Sharma]] as Akshara
* [[M. S. Narayana]]
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]]
* Guru Charan

== Soundtrack ==
The film's music score and soundtrack album was composed by Roshan Salur.<ref>{{Citation |title=Gayakudu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrac) by Roshan Salur |date=2014-10-05 |url=https://music.apple.com/mx/album/gayakudu-original-motion-picture-soundtrac/925311891?l=en |language=en-GB |access-date=2022-12-04}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A writer from ''[[123telugu]]'' rated the film 2.25/5 and wrote that {{blockquote|Plus Points, Even though this is their debut as the main leads, both Siddansh (Ali Reza) and Akshara (Shriya Sharma) performed really well. Siddhans showed maturity in the singer’s role. He needs to tune his expressions in emotional scenes. Akshara, impresses with topnotch performance in almost every scene. Her experience as a child actress helped her throughout. However, the teen actress still looks quite young. The film’s music composed by Roshan Saluri is a great asset to the film. All his songs are trendy and have been shot well. The director shows his spark in cleverly using the songs in the narrative.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-21|title=Review : Gayakudu – Good songs but Poor Story Telling|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/gayakudu-telugu-movie-review.html|access-date=2022-12-04|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2015-02-20/Gayakudu-Review-Rating/132646|title=Gayakudu Review, Rating|first=Gossip|last=Girl|date=20 February 2015|website=www.thehansindia.com|accessdate=11 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/gayakudu/telugu/gayakudu-movie-reviews-6532-2.html|title=Gayakudu review: Gayakudu (Telugu) Movie Review - fullhyd.com|accessdate=11 December 2022}}</ref>}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=7085700}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2015 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Silandhi

2026-03-03T04:23:39Z

Samyam517: small changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Silandhi
| image =
| caption =
| director = Aathiraj
| writer =
| starring = [[Munna (actor)|Munna]] [[Monica (actress)|Monica]] [[Riyaz Khan]]
| producer =
| music = Neil Mukherji
| cinematography = [[Fowzia Fathima]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008|05|09}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| budget = 
}}
'''''Silandhi''''' ({{translation|Spider}}) is a 2008 Tamil-language [[erotic thriller]] film.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Silanthi is an erotic thriller, says director|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Silanthi-is-an-erotic-thriller-says-director/articleshow/3018843.cms|access-date=2020-08-07|website=The Times of India|date=8 May 2008 }}</ref>
Directed by debutant Aathiraj.<ref name=Divya>{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=Divya|title=A web of cliches -- Silandhi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-web-of-cliches-silandhi/article1434246.ece|accessdate=22 April 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 May 2008}}</ref> The movie stars [[Munna (actor)|Munna]] and [[Monica (actress)|Monica]] in lead roles and [[Riyaz Khan]] in supporting role.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gupta|first1=Rinku|title=Monika's daredevilry|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article372563.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232818/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article372563.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|accessdate=22 April 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=5 April 2011}}</ref> The movie was later dubbed in Telugu as ''Erra Gulabi'' and in Hindi as ''Jaal - The Net''. The director remade the movie in Kannada as ''[[Ranatantra]]'' in 2014 starring [[Vijay Raghavendra]] and [[Hariprriya|Haripriya]] in lead roles. The movie is loosely based on the English movie ''[[I Know What You Did Last Summer]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-ranatantra/articleshow/51461778.cms|title = Movie Review: Ranatantra - Bangalore Mirror}}</ref>

== Plot ==
This movie is about two newly wed couple Mahesh ([[Munna (actor)|Munna]]) and Monika ([[Monica (actress)|Monica]]). They went to a lonely villa for their post-marriage honeymoon. In this villa some unnatural things happen.

The story begins with a pretty girl ([[Monica (actress)|Monica]]) who is on the run with fear that death is looming over her and a young man ([[Munna (actor)|Munna]]) saves her from the trouble. Slowly, he starts building confidence in her and in this process both of them begin getting close to each other. Love happens and they get married, time for honeymoon and they set off to a remote bungalow in Pondicherry for their special moments. But things take a twist there since Monica senses that she is being followed by someone and from then on starts a trail of terror and fear that makes her life miserable. That is the time truth comes out that sometime back her three friends who earn a lot of money get used to an extravagant lifestyle and lose their humanity with pride and arrogance. In this process, they come across an innocent LIC policy agent (Chandru) who is ragged to the core by these three friends. In this confusion, the agent is injured and he dies due to the injuries. Monica who is with the gang does not involve in the ghastly happening but then helps them clear the dead body. Soon, each one of them starts dying and it now appears that Chandru is still alive and is out for Monica's blood.

== Cast ==
* [[Munna (actor)|Munna]] as Mahesh
*[[Monica (actress)|Monica]] as Monika
*[[Riyaz Khan]] as Police Officer
*[[Nellai Siva]]
*[[Ganesh Babu]]
*[[Neelima Rani]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|10127810|Silandhi}}

[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:2008 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2008 Indian films]]
[[Category:2008 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]

{{2000s-Tamil-film-stub}}

Sandikuthirai

2026-03-03T03:07:02Z

Samyam517: made a page first draft - done

{{Short description|2016 Indian film by Anbumathi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sandikuthirai
| image = Sandikuthirai.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| director = Anbumathi
| producer =
| writer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Rajkamal]]
*[[Manasa Radhakrishnan|Manasa]]
*Hari
*Divya
}}
| music = Varashree
| cinematography = Veera
| editing =
| studio = Sun Moon Company
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|08|05}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Sandikuthirai''''' ({{Translation|War horse}}) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Anbumathi and starring [[Rajkamal]], [[Manasa Radhakrishnan|Manasa]], Hari, and Divya.

==Cast==
*[[Rajkamal]] as Ravi
*[[Manasa Radhakrishnan]] as Keerthi
*Hari as Hari
*Divya as Sudha
*[[Ganja Karuppu]]
*[[Delhi Ganesh]] as Sudha's grandfather
*[[Bonda Mani]]

==Production==
Television actor [[Rajkamal]] made his foray into film as a lead actor after his film ''[[Melnaattu Marumagan]]'' was delayed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S |date=10 August 2016 |title='Everybody's destiny is written and I firmly believe in it' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/aug/10/everybodys-destiny-is-written-and-i-firmly-believe-in-it-1507671.html |access-date=30 August 2022 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music by Varashree.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2021 |title=Sandi Kuthirai 2016 Tamil Mp3 Songs Free Download Masstamilan |url=https://masstamilan.in/sandi-kuthirai/}}</ref>
*"Achacho Aasai" - [[Mukesh Mohamed|Mukesh]], [[Priya Himesh]]
*"Adikkura Ootha" - Mukesh, Priya Himesh
*"Ennulle Ennulle - Suchitra Balu
*"Nee Oru" - V V Prasanna, [[Saindhavi]]
*"Nilavenge" - [[Ananthu (singer)|Ananthu]]
*"Sandikuthirai Theme - Mukesh, Priya Himesh

==Reception==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' opined that "Helmed by a debutant maker and boasting of no big names in the cast or crew, the film delivers more than what one would have expected from it".<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2016 |title=Sandikuthirai review: A thriller twist works for this movie |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/aug/06/a-thriller-twist-works-for-this-movie-1506101.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dinathanthi|iFlicks]]'' noted that "Overall, ''Sandikuthirai'' fails to attract the audience".<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2016 |title=Sandikuthirai |url=http://www.iflicks.in/Review/2016/08/06130547/Sandikuthirai-Review.vpf |website=Iflicks}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Maalaimalar]]'' and ''[[Dinamalar]]'' criticised the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2016 |title=சண்டிக்குதிரை |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2016/08/05101955/1030804/Sandikuthirai-movie-review.vpf |website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=சண்டிக்குதிரை - விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/1999/Sandikuthirai/ |website=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India|The Times of India Samayam]]'' felt that the film had several weaknesses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=சண்டிக்குதிரை - திரைவிமர்சனம் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-review/sandi-kuthirai-movie-review/moviereview/53639912.cms |website=Samayam Tamil}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2016 Tamil-language films]]

Telephus Euergetes

2026-02-26T05:18:49Z

Samyam517: made initial details added tags - done

{{Infobox monarch
| name = Telephos Euergetes (the Benefactor)
| succession = [[Indo-Greek]] king
| image = Telephos with Helios and Selene.jpg
| caption = '''Obv:''' [[Anguipede]], the limbs ending in lotus blossoms. Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΤΗΛΕΦΟΥ (King Telephus the Benefactor) 
'''Rev:''' [[Helios]] radiate and [[Silene]] with crescent. [[Kharoshthi]] legend: MAHARAJASA KALAKRAMASA TELIPHASA (King Telephus the Benefactor).
| reign = 75–70 BCE
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house =
| dynasty =
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Sagala{{cn|date=September 2022}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| religion =
}}
[[File:Telephos.jpg|300px|thumb|Bronze coin of king Telephus. '''Obv:''' Zeus seated on a throne, scepter in left hand, forming a benediction gesture with the right hand, similar to the Buddhist vitarka [[mudra]]. Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΤΗΛΕΦΟΥ '''Rev:''' Squatting man, right hand forward. [[Kharoshthi]] legend: MAHARAJASA KALAKRAMASA TELIPHASA.]]
'''Telephus Euergetes''' ({{langx|grc|Τήλεφος Εὐεργέτης|Tēlephos Euergetēs}}; ''[[Euergetes]]'' means "the Benefactor") was a late [[Indo-Greek]] king who seems to have been one of the weak and brief successors of [[Maues]]. Bopearachchi dates Telephus between 75–70 BCE and places him in Gandhara, Senior to c. 60 BCE and suggests that he ruled in some parts of Pushkalavati or even further west.

Nothing is known about his dynastic connections. His few coins are rather singular and none of them bear his likeness, a rare occurrence in Indo-Greek coinage. Despite his Greek name, Telephus might therefore have been a ruler of [[Saka]] origin. His epithet was also unprecedented.

==Coinage==
The silver coinage of Telephus is rare and mostly consists of [[drachm]]s; only a few [[tetradrachm]]s are known. On the Greek side is a serpent-footed monster holding the stems of two plants, and on the [[Kharoshthi]] side two deities that probably should be identified with [[Helios]] and [[Selene]], the sun and moon. Both types were unique in the area, though the monster would later appear on bronzes of [[Hippostratus]].

An example of one of his bronzes is seen above, The obverse is the common type of sitting Zeus making a benediction gesture, whereas on the reverse is the unique type of a squatting man holding what on some specimens looks like a spear, on others a palm branch.

Telephus used only two monograms, which he inherited from [[Maues]].

===Overstrikes===
Telephos overstruck the earlier king [[Archebius]].

==See also==
* [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]]
* [[Greco-Buddhism]]
* [[Indo-Scythians]]
* [[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]]
* [[Kushan Empire]]

==References==
* ''The Greeks in Bactria and India'', W. W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press.
* ''The Coin Types of the Indo-Greek Kings, 256-54 B.C.'', A. K. Narain.

==External links==
*[http://coinindia.com/galleries-telephos.html Coins of Telephus]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Maues]]|as=[[Indo-Scythian]] king}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Indo-Greek Kingdom|Indo-Greek]] ruler of [[Gandhara]]|years=75–70 BCE}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Azes I]]|as=[[Indo-Scythian]] king}}
{{s-end}}
{{Indo-Greek kings}}
{{Hellenistic rulers}}

[[Category:Indo-Greek kings]]
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]]

Indira Park, Bijnor

2026-02-23T18:20:23Z

Samyam517: created new info

{{notability|1=Places|date=February 2026}}
{{Short description|Urban park in Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
'''Indira Park''' is an [[urban park]] in [[Bijnor]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indra Park Bijnor {{!}} Bijnor {{!}} India |url=https://bijnor.nic.in/tourist-place/bijnor-3/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Background ==
Indira Park was once the biggest problem of the city. For about 10 years, a large part of Indira Park turned into a dirty pond. No attention was paid to it. After 25 years, its beauty started to be restored.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-06-04 |title=Bijnor's Indira Park to get major facelift soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/bijnors-indira-park-to-get-major-facelift-soon/articleshow/52594035.cms |access-date=2024-11-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Paddle boats will once again run in the park, and water has started coming in the fountains again. Along with this, pedestrians will be able to see the birds in the nests being installed there.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Experts |first=Arihant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ehrzDwAAQBAJ&dq=indra+park+bijnor&pg=PA228 |title=Know Your State Uttar Pradesh |date=2019-07-22 |publisher=Arihant Publications India limited |isbn=978-93-131-9643-3 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{coord|29.3871|78.1287|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Lakes of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bijnor]]

{{Bijnor-geo-stub}}

Akhnoor Dagger

2026-01-31T15:06:07Z

Samyam517: Starting a details

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Akhnoor Bulge
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Akhnoor Dagger (named by Pakistan), Pakistan's Chicken neck (named by India)
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = Pakistan Punjab
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32.81|74.68|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative units of Pakistan|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Pakistan|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 301
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics_type2 =
| demographics2_title2 =
| demographics2_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:00
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Akhnoor Bulge''',<ref name="ThePrintBulge">{{cite web|title=Srinagar airbase is vulnerable to Pakistan attack. These are ways to secure it|website=ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/srinagar-airbase-pakistan-attack/2631897/|date=21 May 2025|access-date=10 December 2025|quote=Future PAF operations, potentially coordinated with ground manoeuvres from Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) or a thrust into the Akhnoor Bulge, could involve a larger, more sustained assault.}}</ref> (named '''Akhnoor Dagger''' by [[Pakistani Military]],<ref name="Bhagat">{{cite book|author=P. S. Bhagat |title=The Shield and the Sword: India 1965 and After, the New Dimensions |edition=2nd |publisher=Vikas |date=1974 |orig-date=1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/shieldswordindia0000bhag/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=9780706902914}}</ref><ref name="Sodhi">{{cite book|author=JS Sodhi |title=China's War Clouds: The Great Chinese Checkmate |date= 2024 |publisher=Blue Rose |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zOwaEQAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PP1&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q&f=false 114-115] |isbn=9789362614575}}</ref> and as '''Pakistan's Akhnoor Chicken's neck Corridor''' by [[Indian Military]])<ref name="Sodhi"/><ref name=cn1>[https://scroll.in/article/954234/a-tale-of-two-chickens-necks-how-indias-armed-forces-kept-pakistan-and-china-at-bay A tale of two ‘Chicken’s Necks’: How India’s armed forces kept Pakistan and China at bay], Scroll.in, 29 Feb 2020.</ref><ref name=cn2>[https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/a-strategic-grip-on-the-chicken-s-neck-3633987 A strategic grip on the Chicken's neck], deccanherald.com, 17 July 2025.</ref> is the name for a narrow strip of [[Pakistan]]i territory that extends into the [[India]]n administered-[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] south of [[Akhnoor]]. This sensitive piece of land, which lies on the [[India–Pakistan border#IB|settled International Border]] but adjacent to the [[India–Pakistan border#WB|''de facto'' Indo–Pakistani border]] on the west side of the [[Kashmir conflict|disputed region Jammu and Kashmir]], is part of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab Province]]'s [[Sialkot District]] and measures roughly {{convert|170|km²|abbr=on}}.<ref name=ptina1/>

Akhnoor is less than 30 km from Jammu in India and less than 50 km from Sialkot in Pakistan.<ref name=ptina1>[https://theprint.in/india/akhnoors-place-in-india-pakistan-conflicts-why-its-in-line-of-fire-every-time-theres-a-flare-up/2626717 Akhnoor’s place in India-Pakistan conflicts & why it’s in line of fire every time there is a flare-up], ThePrint, 15 April 2025.</ref> While Akhnoor Bulge was not a primary focus of a major offensive during [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948]], [[Kargil War|1999 Kargil War]], [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]], and during [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]] India held Akhnoor Bulge before it was returned to the Pakistan under the Simla Agreement of 1972,<ref name="SimlaAgreement">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jaswant|title=India at Risk: Mistakes, Misconceptions and Misadventures of Security Policy|publisher=Rupa Publications|year=2013|pages=206|quote=The strategic 'Chicken's Neck' area, which had been captured by India's 10 Infantry Division, was subsequently returned to Pakistan.}}</ref> the Akhnoor Bulge saw a major Pakistani attack only during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] (Operation Grand Slam) in which Pakistan eventually failed after making some initial gains.<ref name="BhagatD">{{cite book|last=Bhagat|first=P. S.|title=The Defence of India and South East Asia|publisher=Allied Publishers|year=1969|pages=123|quote=The failure to capture Akhnoor... ultimately led to the ceasefire.}}</ref>

Earlier in 1965, when Akhnoor had only one bridge before India embarked on significant infrastructure development, the tip of the Pakistani area was less than 10 km from the only bridge across the Chenab River at Akhnoor in India.<ref name="Dasgupta">{{cite web|last=Dasgupta|first=Probal|title=A tale of two 'Chicken's Necks': How India's armed forces kept Pakistan and China at bay|website=Scroll.in|date=29 February 2020|url=https://scroll.in/article/954234/a-tale-of-two-chickens-necks-how-indias-armed-forces-kept-pakistan-and-china-at-bay|access-date=20 June 2025|quote=A narrow strip of Pakistani land – an islet between the Chenab river and one of its subsidiary channels – protruded into Indian territory and provided access to the bridge to Akhnur over the Chenab river.}}</ref> In the 1965 war (Operation Grand Slam), Pakistan viewed the capture of the Akhnoor Bridge as a means of cutting Jammu and Kashmir—especially the Poonch and Rajouri districts—from the rest of India, as it was perceived as the sole corridor between mainland India and most of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.<ref name="Dasgupta"/>

However, this Akhnoor Bulge being a "dagger" or India's "Chicken's Neck" vulnerability, as perceived by Pakistan in 1965, has since been described by some analysts as a strategic myth, ''"the so-called 'Chicken's Neck' or Akhnoor Dagger area... proved to be a liability for Pakistan rather than an asset in the 1971 war when Indian forces successfully captured the area"''.<ref name="Pattanaik">{{cite journal|last=Pattanaik|first=Smruti S.|title=The Role of Geography in India–Pakistan Conflict|journal=Security and Foreign Policy Journal|date=May 2018|volume=2|issue=1|pages=45–58|url=http://www.securityandforeignpolicy.com/the-role-of-geography-in-india-pakistan-conflict/}}</ref> This is evidenced by India's swift 1971 capture of the area, which effectively negated the perceived threat to Akhnoor.<ref name="SinghUSI">{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Lt Gen RK Jasbir|title=Battle of Chhamb: Indo-Pak War 1971|journal=United Service Institution of India|date=October–December 2021|url=https://usiofindia.org/pdf/8--USI%20Journal%20-%20Oct-Dec%202021%20Issue%20-%204-88-118.pdf|quote=The Indian move into the Chicken's Neck... negated the 'dagger' threat to Akhnoor.}}</ref> Any perceived vulnerability of India is further mitigated by improved infrastructure development by India, which now has many more high-capacity bridges and [[Leh#Modern highways|numerous alternate transport links connecting]] Jammu to Akhnoor and India to wider Jammu and Kashmir region, providing redundancy and resilience to the military supply lines.<ref name="TimesNow">{{cite web|title=Akhnoor to Jammu Connectivity Boost: New Bridge Project Sanctioned|publisher=Times Now|date=12 March 2024|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/akhnoor-to-jammu-connectivity-boost-new-bridge-project-sanctioned-article-9856578|access-date=10 December 2025}}</ref>

In fact, the area has been argued to be a Pakistani vulnerability, as the land is a narrow doab between the Chenab and Tawi rivers surrounded by India from three sides, and is further doubly-isolated from the rest of Pakistan by the Chenab–Munawar Tawi doab to its southwest within Pakistan.<ref name="Pattanaik"/>

==Etymology==

''Akhnoor'', towns name, is from [[Mughal Empire|mughal]] era meaning ''"aankh ka noor"'' (lit. ''light of the eye''), meaning precious, however Akhnoor town itself finds mention as the ''Virat Nagri'' (lit ''mighty city'') in [[Mahabharata]] and [[Pandava]]s spent time in the area during the last year of their exile.<ref name=ptina1/>

Pakistan named the area Akhnoor dagger, symbolising an attacking dagger into Akhnoor as perceived by the Pakistani Military as a means of attack on Akhnoor and cutting Jammu and Kashmir from India.<ref name=ptina1/><ref name="ScrollChicken"/>

[[Indian Army]]'s Lieutenant General [[Zorawar Chand Bakshi]], who was the GOC ([[general officer commanding]]) of the [[26th Indian Infantry Division]] in Jammu during the 1971 India-Pakistan war, naming it as Pakistan's ''"'Chicken’s Neck' he said should be wrung and broken off"'', thus successfully changing India's stance from [[Strategic defence|defensive]] to [[Offensive (military)|offensive]],<ref name=ptina1/><ref name="ScrollChicken"/> by busting Pakistani myth of dagger into India's so-called chicken neck vulnerability.<ref name="Pattanaik"/>

==Geography==

It is a [[peninsula]]-like [[doab]] formed by the north–south flowing [[Chenab River]] and its tributary north–south flowing [[Tawi River]] (also known as the Jammu Tawi), both of which originate in the north in India-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir territory]]<ref name="Naqvi24">{{cite book|last=Naqvi|first=Syed Ghulam Abbas|title=Indus Waters and Social Change|publisher=Indus Publications|year=2012|pages=24}}</ref><ref name="SinghUSI"/> and confluence 8 km south of the Indian border in Pakistan at [[Marala Headworks]] near [[Dhallewali]] village of [[Sialkot District]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab province]] of Pakistan.<ref name="PakistanEng">{{cite web|title=Marala Headworks|publisher=Pakistan Engineering Congress|url=https://pecongress.org.pk/images/upload/books/Paper360.pdf|access-date=10 December 2025}}</ref> The north–south flowing [[Manawar Tawi River]] also confluences at Marala Headworks, forming a [[Triveni Sangam|triveni sangam]] of the three rivers,<ref name="PakistanEng"/> thus further isolating the Pakistan-held Akhnoor Bulge by the Chenab–Manawar Tawi doab on its western side, which is already isolated from the rest of Pakistan by the Chenab–Tawi doab.<ref name="SinghUSI"/>

Marala Headworks is nearly 30 km south of [[Akhnoor]] in India,<ref name="ScribdBarrage">{{cite web|last=Shakir|first=Abdul Sattar|title=Marala Barrage Engineering Details|publisher=Scribd|date=2009|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/890811287/Marala-Barrage-Engineering-Details|access-date=10 December 2025|quote=The Marala Barrage itself is specifically situated ... approximately 25 km from the foothills of the Pir Punjal Range in Akhnor, and 10 km downstream from the point where the river enters Pakistan from Indian-occupied Jammu & Kashmir.}}</ref> 10–12 km south of the India-Pakistan border,<ref name="ScribdBarrage"/> 20 km north of [[Sialkot]]<ref name="ScribdBarrage"/> and 140 km north of [[Lahore]].<ref name="PakistanEng"/> The Pakistan-held area within the Chenab–Tawi doab is the narrow protrusion known by Pakistan as the "Dagger" and by India as the "Chicken's Neck", which is a strategically sensitive area because of its proximity to the crucial transport link to [[Akhnoor]] in India (such as [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH-44 Srinagar-Kanyakumari Highway]], [[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway]], and [[Jammu–Baramulla line|Jammu–Baramulla rail line]]).<ref name="ScrollChicken">{{cite web|last=Minj|first=Nolina|title=A tale of two 'Chicken's Necks': How India's armed forces kept Pakistan and China at bay|website=Scroll.in|date=29 February 2020|url=https://scroll.in/article/954234/a-tale-of-two-chickens-necks-how-indias-armed-forces-kept-pakistan-and-china-at-bay|quote=A narrow strip of Pakistani land – an islet between the Chenab river and one of its subsidiary channels – protruded into Indian territory and provided access to the bridge to Akhnur over the Chenab river. The Pakistanis called it the Akhnur dagger while Indians later named it the “chicken's neck”}}</ref>

==History ==

===1965 War ===
{{anchor | 1965}}

During the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War, Pakistan launched a major attack [[Operation Grand Slam]] including in Akhnoor which aimed to capture Akhnoor through the Akhnoor Bulge, which could potentially have choked the [[Indian Army]] in the region; however, the plan failed.<ref name="Bhagat"/><ref name="Sodhi"/>

Initial success and failure of Pakistan: Pakistani forces, with superior tanks and initial surprise, made rapid advances, capturing areas like Chhamb and Jourian and coming within a few kilometers of Akhnoor town. The Akhnoor sector was lightly defended by four Indian infantry battalions and a squadron of tanks. The infantry was stretched thin along the border and the [[AMX-13]] tanks were no match for the Pakistani [[M47 Patton]] and [[M48 Patton]] tanks. Against a militarily stronger and larger Pakistani thrust, the Indian forces retreated from their defensive positions. According to Pakistani military historian Major (retd.) A. H. Amin, the Pakistani forces in Operation Grand Slam had a 6 to 1 advantage over Indian AMX-13 tanks, which were like 'matchboxes' in front of the Pakistani Pattons. In terms of artillery, Pakistan's [[8-inch/55-caliber gun|8-inch guns]] were superior to anything that Indians had at that time and had an overall superiority of 6 to 1.<ref name="A H Amin">{{cite web |last=Amin |first=Major A. H. |title=Pakistan army till 1965 |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/21693873/Indo-Pak-Wars-1947-71-A-STRATEGIC-AND-OPERATIONAL-ANALYSIS-BY-A-H-AMIN-THIS-BOOK-CAN-BE-PRINTED-FROM-THIS-SITE |work=defence analyst |publisher=pg 41 |access-date=27 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104091720/https://www.scribd.com/doc/21693873/Indo-Pak-Wars-1947-71-A-STRATEGIC-AND-OPERATIONAL-ANALYSIS-BY-A-H-AMIN-THIS-BOOK-CAN-BE-PRINTED-FROM-THIS-SITE |archive-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>

However, the operation was stalled due to a change in Pakistani command and, more importantly, because India responded by opening a new war front in the Lahore sector of Pakistan.<ref name="Bhagat"/>{{rp|23}}<ref name="Sodhi"/>

===1971 War ===
{{anchor | 1971 }}

In the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]], the strip was captured by India and returned to Pakistan with the [[Simla Agreement]] the following year.<ref name=sim1>{{cite book|author=Sunil Sharan |title=Modi 2.0: Beyond the Ordinary |year=2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury India |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=dMMpEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA1&pg=PT21#v=onepage&q&f=false 21] |isbn=9789389449754 }}</ref>

While Pakistan was focused on its [[Battle of Chumb|offensive in the Chhamb area]],<ref name="NYT 1971-12-13">{{Cite news |last=Kamm |first=Henry |date=1971-12-13 |title=Pakistani Forces Take Ghost Town in Kashmir |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/13/archives/pakistani-forces-take-ghost-town-in-kashmir.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agreement between the Government of India and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on Bilateral Relations (Simla Agreement) |publisher=UN Peacemaker |url=https://peacemaker.un.org/indiapakistan-simlaagreement72 |access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref> learning from 1965 Pakistani attack Indian forces proactively captured Pakistan's Chicken's Neck area (Akhnoor Dagger) on the night of 5–6 December 1971 and Pakistan made no further attempts to cross the river Munawar Tawi till the end of war. The Indian forces, commanded by Lieutenant General Zorawar Chand Bakhshi, executed a move to outflank the Pakistani forces and captured the Chicken's Neck in a move intended to isolate Pakistani forces and neutralise the "dagger" threat to Akhnoor.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/col-nagial/indo-pak-war-1971-and-the-battle-of-chhamb/ Indo-Pak war 1971 and the Battle of Chhamb], Times of India, 17 June 2022.</ref>

==See also ==

* [[Chicken's neck (disambiguation)|Chicken's neck]], disambiguation
* [[Siliguri Corridor]], India's perceived chicken neck corridor
* [[Siliguri Corridor#BD|Bangladesh's Chicken neck corridors]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m_eoUJf3n4 Pakistan's Chicken Neck: How India can take Control | Akhnoor Dagger] – video showing the location of the Akhnoor Dagger {{in lang|hi}}

[[Category:Regions of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Geography of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Sialkot District]]
[[Category:Jammu district]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan border]]

Ashok Kumar Mahapatra

2026-01-29T00:57:06Z

Samyam517: Starting new biography

{{Short description|Indian neurosurgeon and academic}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashok Kumar Mahapatra
| honorific_prefix =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| occupation = * Neurosurgeon,
* academic
| known_for = * Neurosurgery,
* craniopagus surgery,
* academic leadership
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2024)
}}

'''Ashok Kumar Mahapatra''' is an Indian neurosurgeon and academic, known for his contributions in neurosurgery and healthcare administration. He is Principal Advisor (Health Sciences) at [[Siksha 'O' Anusandhan]], Bhubaneswar. He was conferred with the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian award, in 2024 for his service in the field of medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2024 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285 |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Honour for Four Odias |date=26 January 2025 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2025/Jan/26/padma-honour-for-four-odias-2 |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mahapatra headed the Department of Neurosurgery at [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|AIIMS, New Delhi]], where he led several complex surgeries. He was the founding Director of [[AIIMS Bhubaneswar]] and served as Director at the [[Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences]], Lucknow. He also served as Vice-Chancellor of Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOA's Former VC Honoured with Padma Shri |date=25 January 2025 |url=https://updateodisha.com/2025/01/25/soas-former-vc-honoured-with-padma-shri-86653/ |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>

He led the 16-hour surgery to successfully separate conjoined craniopagus twins, Jaga and Kalia, at AIIMS Delhi, considered the first of its kind in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Always preferred surgery if there was a chance for patient's survival: Prof. Mahapatra |work=The Times of India |date=3 February 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/always-preferred-surgery-if-there-was-a-chance-for-patients-survival/articleshow/117893455.cms |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>

== Research and publications ==
Mahapatra has contributed to over 100 scientific articles. His academic profiles are listed in national and international databases.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. A.K. Mahapatra – VIDWAN Profile |url=https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/17942 |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Scholar – Ashok K. Mahapatra |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=KeuvmRsAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
Following the announcement of the Padma Shri,Mahapatra was felicitated by SOA Founder President Manojranjan Nayak for his contribution to healthcare and academic leadership.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOA in Bhubaneswar Felicitates Neuro Surgeon Ashok Mahapatra |date=27 January 2025 |url=https://odishabytes.com/soa-in-bhubaneswar-felicitates-neuro-surgeon-ashok-mohapatra-for-being-conferred-padma-shri/ |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Ashok Mahapatra felicitated by SOA President |url=https://sambadenglish.com/prof-dr-ashok-mahapatra-felicitated-by-soa-president/ |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>

In 2022, he was also conferred the C.V. Raman Award for Scientific Excellence by the Odisha Bigyan Academy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashok Mahapatra Conferred with C.V. Raman Award |date=11 June 2022 |url=https://updateodisha.com/2022/06/11/ashok-mahapatra-conferred-with-cv-raman-award-for-scientific-excellence-78060/ |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
A moot court competition at the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology is named in his memory and honour: the Dr. Ashok Kumar Mohapatra Memorial Moot Court Competition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KLS team shines in Dr. Ashok Kumar Mohapatra Memorial Moot Court Competition |date=20 December 2022 |url=https://news.kiit.ac.in/achievements/kls-team-shines-in-dr-ashok-kumar-mohapatra-memorial-moot-court-competition-2022/ |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* [[Padma Shri]] (2024) – for Medicine<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/notifications/PadmaAwards/2025.pdf |title=Padma Awards Notification 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>
* C.V. Raman Award for Scientific Excellence (2022)<ref>{{Cite web
|title=SOA Vice-Chancellor conferred with C.V. Raman Award for Scientific Excellence
|url=https://www.soa.ac.in/general-notifications/2022/6/11/soa-vice-chancellor-conferred-with-cv-raman-award-for-scientific-excellence
|website=SOA |publisher=Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan
|date=11 June 2022
|access-date=8 June 2025
}}</ref> {{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/17942 Prof. A.K. Mahapatra on VIDWAN]
* [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=KeuvmRsAAAAJ Google Scholar Profile]
* [https://www.soa.ac.in/general-notifications/2025/4/30/prof-dr-ashok-mahapatra-conferred-with-padma-shri-by-the-president SOA University Announcement]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian neurosurgeons]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:People from Odisha]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Perinthalmanna

2026-01-27T20:33:59Z

Samyam517: general adjust information for consistency further and fixed typos to improve readability

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Perinthalmanna
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = ml
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Town]] / [[Municipality]]
| image_skyline = Perinthalmanna.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Night view of Perinthalmanna Municipal town
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Second Grade Municipality
| governing_body = Perinthalmanna Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Malappuram_municipalities"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 34.41
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 49723
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Malappuram_municipalities"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 679322
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04933
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-53
| website = {{URL|https://perinthalmannamunicipality.lsgkerala.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name = Perintalmanna
| coordinates = {{Coord|10.9765415|N|76.2269231|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type3 = Taluk
| subdivision_name3 = [[Perinthalmanna taluk|Perinthalmanna]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Perinthalmanna (State Assembly constituency)|Perinthalmanna LAC]]
| blank_name_sec1 = State Assembly Constituency
| blank_name_sec2 = Lok Sabha Constituency
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram HPC]]
| leader_party = [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
| leader_title = Chairperson
| leader_name = Surayya Farooq
| leader_title1 = Vice Chairperson
| leader_title2 = M.L.A
| government_footnotes =
| leader_name1 = M.B Mohammed Fasal ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
| leader_name2 = [[Najeeb Kanthapuram]] (UDF)
| parts_type = Revenue villages
| parts = Perintalmanna Pathaikkara
}}

'''Perinthalmanna''' is a town and [[List of urban local bodies in Kerala|municipality]] in [[Malappuram district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It serves as the administrative centre for the [[Perinthalmanna taluk]], as well as a [[List of revenue divisions of Kerala|revenue division]], a [[community development block]], and a police sub-division bearing the same name.<ref name="block">{{Cite web |url = https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/en/node/1030 |title=Perinthalmanna Block |website = lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref> It was formerly the headquarters of the [[Kingdom of Valluvanad]]. The town is located {{Convert|23|km}} southwest of [[Malappuram]] at the centre of the [[Kozhikode]]–[[Palakkad]] [[National Highway 966 (India)|National Highway 966]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/new-roads-new-vistas/article23344113.ece/ |title=New Roads, New Vistas |last=S. Anil Radhakrishnan |date=24 March 2018 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Geography_of_Malabar1.jpg|thumb|Map of Valluvanad Taluk in [[Malabar District]] (1909)|left]]

During the last decades of the eighteenth century, the region came under the control of the vast [[Kingdom of Mysore]], and was the headquarters of the [[Kingdom of Valluvanad]]. Perinthalmanna, along with the towns of [[Malappuram]], [[Manjeri]], and [[Tirurangadi]], was one of the main centres of the [[Malabar Rebellion]] of 1921.<ref name="askh">{{cite book |last1=Sreedhara Menon |first1=A. |title=A Survey of Kerala History |year=2007 |publisher=DC Books |location=Kottayam |isbn=9788126415786 |edition=2007 }}</ref> Now it is one of the important commercial centre in [[Malappuram district]].

Perinthalmanna became a Grama Panchayat in 1933 under the [[Malabar District]] board. The town was later upgraded to a municipality on 10 February 1990.<ref name="pmna2">{{Cite web |title=Perinthalmanna - About city |url=https://www.kudumbashree.org/sub-district/991057/12 |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=Kudumbasree}}</ref> As of the 2011 India census, Perinthalmanna had a population of 49,723 spread over an area of {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Malappuram_municipalities">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3205_PART_B_MALAPPURAM.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |title=Malappuram census handbook}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kudumbashree {{!}} About ULBs - Perinthalmanna Municipality |url=https://www.kudumbashree.org/sub-district/991057/12 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.kudumbashree.org}}</ref>
Perinthalmanna serves as the headquarters of one of the two [[Revenue Divisions of Kerala|revenue divisions]] in Malappuram district, having jurisdiction over [[Perinthalmanna taluk|Perinthalmanna]], [[Eranad Taluk|Eranad]], and [[Nilambur]] [[List of talukas of Kerala|taluks]].
Perinthalmanna is also as the headquarters of Perinthalmanna Block Panchayat and Revenue Divisional Office and Sub Divisional Police Office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Divisional Office, Perinthalmanna {{!}} Welcome to Malappuram {{!}} India |url=https://malappuram.nic.in/en/directory/ajeesh-k/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Malappuram - Perinthalmanna Sub Division |url=https://malappuram.keralapolice.gov.in/page/perinthalmanna-sub-division |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=malappuram.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Panchayaths {{!}} CRD |url=https://rdd.lsgkerala.gov.in/en/blocks/58 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=rdd.lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Kodikuthimala, Malappuram.jpg|thumbnail|[[Kodikuthimala]] hill station, east of Perinthalmanna|left]]
The [[Thuthapuzha]], a tributary of the [[Bharathappuzha]] ([[Ponnani]] River), which is also the longest river of Kerala, flows through [[Anamangad|Thootha]], a village located about 10 km from Perinthalmanna.<ref name="c2011">{{cite book |last1=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |title=District Census Handbook, Malappuram |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3205_PART_B_MALAPPURAM.pdf}}</ref> The [[Western Ghats]] mountain range begins east of Perinthalmanna.<ref name="c2011"/> [[Kodikuthimala]] hillstation is located in the [[Thazhekkod, Malappuram district|Thazhekode]] village of [[Perinthalmanna taluk|Perinthalmanna Taluk]], which also shares its boundary with the municipality of Perinthalmanna.<ref name="c2011"/> [[Melattur, Kerala|Melattur]] village of Perinthalmanna Taluk is a part of [[Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve]].<ref name="c2011"/>

[[Angadipuram Laterite]] is a notified [[National Geological Monument|National Geo-heritage Monument]] located about {{convert|2|km|spell=in}} west of the Perinthalmanna town centre.
<ref name=gsi1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |title=National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website |access-date=2017-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712055947/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=2017-07-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=gsi2>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137573 Geo-Heritage Sites, Minister of Mines Press release, 09-March-2016]</ref><ref name=gsi3>[http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf national geo-heritage of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111120428/http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf |date=11 January 2017 }}, [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage|INTACH]]</ref>

[[Delonix regia|Gulmohar]] flowering trees are widely seen in the Perinthalmanna area.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gulmohar flowers give a different hue to Melattur railway station |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/travel-news/2020/05/21/gulmohar-flowers-give-different-hue-melattur-railway-station.html|last=Our Currespondent|date=21 May 2020|access-date=30 April 2021|work=Onmanorama|publisher=Manorama Online}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = '''Religion in Perinthalmanna municipality''' (2011)<ref name=census2011/>
| label1 = [[Islam]]
| value1 = 58.54
| color1 = Green
| label2 = [[Hinduism]]
| value2 = 38.38
| color2 = Orange
| label3 = [[Christianity]]
| value3 = 2.97
| color3 = DodgerBlue
| label4 = Other
| value4 = 0.11
| color4 = Black
}}
The population of Perinthalmanna was 49,723 as of the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]].<ref name="Malappuram_municipalities"/> Males constituted 47.3% and females 52.7%.<ref name="Malappuram_municipalities"/> [[Malayalam]] is the most spoken language in the town. Perinthalmanna has been a multi-ethnic and multi-religious town since the early [[medieval period]]. [[Muslim]]s form the largest religious group, followed by [[Hindu]]s and [[Christians]].<ref name=census2011>{{cite web |title=Religion – Kerala, Districts and Sub-districts |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General}}</ref> The municipality of Perinthalmanna has an average [[Literacy in India#Kerala|literacy rate]] of 95.3%, which is higher than the state average of 94.0%.<ref name="Malappuram_municipalities"/>

==Civic administration==
The town is administered by the Perinthalmanna Municipality, headed by a chairperson. For administrative purposes, the municipality is divided into 37 [[Ward (country subdivision)|wards]],<ref name="pmna_municpality">{{Cite web|url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/lbelection/electdmemberdet/2015/209|title=Perinthalmanna municipality|access-date=2020-11-30|website=lsgkerala}}</ref> from each of which members of the [[municipal council]] are elected for five years. The incumbent Municipal Chairperson is Surayya Farooq, and the Vice Chairperson is M. B. Mohammed Fasal.

The municipality functions through six Standing Committees—Finance, Development, Welfare, Public Works, Health and Education—each headed by a Chairperson responsible for sectoral planning, development, and administrative oversight.<ref name="pmna_municpality" />

As of [[2011 census of India|2011 India census]], Perinthalmanna Municipal Region had a population of 49,723 spreading an area of 34 sq.km. Following the 2025 ward delimitation, Perinthalmanna Municipality now comprises 37 wards, increased from 34.<ref>[https://sec.kerala.gov.in/public/cnstncy/wd/ed3a4541-114f-4d0f-ba8a-67f8688b72bf Ward list of Perinthalmanna- State Election Commission, Kerala]</ref> These wards are listed in the below table:<ref>{{cite web |title=Wards of Perinthalmanna |url=http://sec.kerala.gov.in/index.php/Content/index/lsgd |website=sec.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+ Members of the Perinthalmanna Municipal Council (2025)<ref name="sec2025" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Body Elections 2025 - TREND by State Election Commission Kerala |url=https://trend.sec.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=trend.sec.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="3" | Ward Details
! rowspan="2" | Councillor<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Body Elections 2025 - TREND by State Election Commission Kerala |url=https://trend.sec.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=trend.sec.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" | Party
! rowspan="2" | Alliance
! rowspan="2" | Ward Map<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Perinthalmanna Localbody |url=https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=wardmap.ksmart.live}}</ref>
|-
!Ward No.
!Ward name
!Ward name in Malayalam
|-
| 1 || Cheerattamanna || ചീരട്ടമണ്ണ || Attuparambil Sharath
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]<ref name=":3"/>
|-
| 2 || Manathumangalam || മാനത്തുമംഗലം || Aleena Mariyam
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | INC
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]<ref name=":3" />
|-
| 3 || Kakkooth || കക്കൂത്ത് || Rajeena Saleem
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]<ref name=":3"/>
|-
| 4 || Mundathappadi || മുണ്ടത്തപ്പടി || Pacheeri Husaina Nasar
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | Ind.
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF-backed}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 5 || Valiyangadi || വലിയങ്ങാടി || Mohammed Mansoor Nechiyil
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | Ind.
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF-backed}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 6 || Kulirmala || കുളിർമല || Nalakath Mohammed Basheer
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 7 || Chembankunnu || ചെമ്പൻകുന്ന് || Ajil Kumar
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 8 || Kunnumpuram || കുന്നുംപുറം || Sameena Jaffer
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 9 || Aalakunnu || ആലക്കുന്ന് || Unais Kakkooth
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 10 || Ponniyakurussi || പൊന്നിയക്കുറിശ്ശി || Cheriyil Saleena M
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 11 || Idukkumukham || ഇടുക്കുമുഖം || Rashik K. M.
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | Ind.
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF-backed}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 12 || Manazhi Stand || മനഴി സ്റ്റാന്റ് || Fazal Mohammed
(Vice Chairperson)
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | INC
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 13 || Panchama || പഞ്ചമ || Dinesh
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | INC
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 14 || Kuttippara || കുട്ടിപ്പാറ || Pacheeri Subair
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | Ind.
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF-backed}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 15 || Kovilakampadi || കൊവിലകംപടി || Surayya Farooq
(Chairperson)
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 16 || Pathaikkara U.P. School || പാതായിക്കര യുപി സ്കൂൾ || Preetha
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 17 || Manappadi || മനപ്പടി || Sreenivasan
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 18 || P.T.M. College || പി.ടി.എം കോളേജ് || Sherlija C. P.
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 19 || Thanneerpanthal || തണ്ണീർപന്തൽ || Arun
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 20 || Olinkara || ഒലിങ്കര || Askar Karimpanakkal
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | Ind.
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]-backed}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 21 || Aanathaanam || ആനത്താനം || Ambili Manoj
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 22 || Kizhakkekara || കിഴക്കേകര || Vandana
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 23 || Thekkekara || തെക്കേക്കര || Thottasseri Khadeeja
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 24 || Padinjarekkara || പടിഞ്ഞാറേക്കര || Sunil Kumar M. P.
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 25 || Valayammoochi || വളയമ്മൂച്ചി || Sumayya
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | Ind.
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF-backed}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 26 || Aasharikkara || ആശാരിക്കര || Kalathil Musthafa
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | Ind.
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]-backed }}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 27 || Marukaraparamba || മറുകരപറമ്പ് || Mohammed Shakeer T.
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 28 || Kunnappally South || കുന്നപ്പള്ളി സൗത്ത് || Jumana Saleem Pathath
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 29 || Kollakode || കൊല്ലക്കോട് || Mohammed Fazil Kakran
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 30 || Vattapara || വട്ടപ്പാറ || Pacheeri Naseema Firoz
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 31 || Thekkinkode || തെക്കിങ്കോട് || Jishnu Narayanan
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 32 || Kavungaparamba || കാവുങ്ങപറമ്പ് || Surayyabanu (Muthu)
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | Ind.
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF-backed}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 33 || J.N. Road Central || ജെ.എൻ. റോഡ് സെൻട്രൽ || Pathath Smrithi Rajesh
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 34 || Thottakkara || തോട്ടക്കര || Nisha
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | INC
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 35 || Puthoor || പുത്തൂർ || V. Rahul
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 36 || Muttungal || മുട്ടുങ്കൽ || Bindu Manikandan
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white;" | CPI(M)
| {{legend2|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|LDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|-
| 37 || Lemon Valley || നാരങ്ങകുണ്ട് || Sabitha
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" | INC
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|UDF}}
| [https://wardmap.ksmart.live/FinalN/FinalN_Malappuram_Perinthalmanna.html]
|}
'''Legend''':
{{legend|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]}}
{{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress]]}}
{{legend|{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]}}
{{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]}}

{{legend|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)]]}}
{{legend|{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)]]}}'''Note:'''
* '''UDF-backed''' / '''LDF-backed''' indicates Independents supported by the respective alliance.

=== [[2025 Kerala local elections|Perinthalmanna Municipality]] election, 2025 ===
References:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Body Elections 2025 - TREND by State Election Commission Kerala |url=https://trend.sec.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=trend.sec.kerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-13 |title=Kerala local body elections: Historic win for UDF in Perinthalmanna after 30 years |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/udf-wins-perinthalmanna-municipality-election-wbzvbzor |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! S.No.
! Party name
! Party symbol
! Number of councillors
|-
| 01
| | [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| [[File:UDF logo.png|50px]]
| 15
|-
| 02
| | [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| [[File:Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Logo.svg|50px]]
| 14
|-
| 03
| Independents
| [[File:No flag.svg|75px]]
| 8
|}
In the 2025 Perinthalmanna municipal election, the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] won 21 of 37 wards, ending LDF’s control since 1995. Within UDF, 10 [[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League]], 5 Muslim League independents, 5 [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], and 1 Congress rebel were elected. For LDF, 14 [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]] and 2 Left independents won.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Perinthalmanna Municipal Election Results 2025 |url=https://www.google.com/preferences/source?q=Mathrubhumi%20English |access-date=2025-12-13 |work=Mathrubhumi English}}</ref>

===[[2020 Kerala local body elections|Perinthalmanna Municipality]] election 2020===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LOCAL BODY ELECTIONS KERALA - TREND 2020|url=http://www.trend.kerala.gov.in/views/index.php|access-date=2020-12-16|archive-date=16 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216221743/http://www.trend.kerala.gov.in/views/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> !! Party name !! Party symbol !! Number of councillors
|-
| 01 || [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] ||[[File:Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Logo.svg|50px]] || 17
|-
| 02 || [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] ||[[File:UDF logo.png|50px]] || 09
|-
| 03 || Independents || [[File:No flag.svg|75px]] || 08
|}

==Law and order==
The municipality comes under the jurisdiction of the Perinthalmanna Police Station, which was formed on 1 September 1988.<ref name="ps">{{Cite web|url=https://malappuram.keralapolice.gov.in/wings/police-stations/perinthalmanna-ps|title=Perinthalmanna PS|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Kerala police}}</ref> This police station is part of Perinthalmanna subdivision under Malappuram police district. The station has the jurisdiction over the revenue villages of Perinthalmanna, Pathaikara, [[Angadipuram]], [[Elamkulam, Malappuram|Elamkulam]], [[Aliparamba]], [[Anamangad]], [[Arakkuparamba]], [[Thazhekkod, Malappuram district|Thazhekode]], and parts of [[Pulamantol]] and [[Valambur]].<ref name="ps"/>

Perinthalmanna Municipality, Thazhekkode Grama Panchayat, Alipparamba Grama Panchayat, Elamkulam Grama Panchayat, and Angadippuram Grama Panchayat are included in the Perinthalmanna Police Station limit.<ref name="ps" />

The border police stations are headquartered at [[Kolattur, Kerala|Kolathur]], [[Mankada]], [[Melattur, Kerala|Melattur]], [[Koppam]], Nattukal and [[Cherpulassery]].<ref name="ps"/>

Perinthalmanna town is also the headquarters for one of the six subdivisions of Malappuram District Police.<ref name="sd">{{Cite web|url=https://malappuram.keralapolice.gov.in/wings/sub-divisional-offices/perinthalmanna-subdivision|title=Perinthalmanna Subdivision|website=Kerala police}}</ref> The office of the [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendent of Police]], Perinthalmanna, is situated in the town, and the police stations at Perinthalmanna, Kolathur, Mankada, Melattur, Pandikkad, and Karuvarakundu, as well as the Perinthalmanna Traffic Enforcement Unit, fall under the jurisdiction of the Perinthalmanna Subdivision.<ref name="sd"/>

== Courts ==
The court complex at Perinthalmanna has the following courts:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} DISTRICT COURT MANJERI {{!}} India |url=https://malappuram.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419094916/https://malappuram.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/ |archive-date=19 April 2025 |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=malappuram.dcourts.gov.in |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[District Munsiff Court|Munsiff]]-[[Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class|Magistrate Court]]''', Perinthalmanna
** a combined lower civil and criminal court, with [[Civil law (legal system)|civil jurisdiction]] over [[Perinthalmanna taluk|Perinthalmanna Taluk]] and [[criminal jurisdiction]] over Perinthalmanna and Kolathur Police Stations.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Police station wise jurisdiction; Manjeri District Judiciary |url=https://malappuram.dcourts.gov.in/police-station-wise-magistrate/ |website=District Court, Manjeri}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} DISTRICT COURT MANJERI {{!}} India |url=https://malappuram.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250419094916/https://malappuram.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/ |archive-date=2025-04-19 |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=malappuram.dcourts.gov.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''[[Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class|Judicial First Class Magistrate Court]] II,''' Perinthalmanna
** A lower criminal court that hears cases arising from the [[Melattur, Kerala|Melattur]], [[Pandikkad]], [[Karuvarakundu|Karuvarakund]], and [[Mankada]] Police Stations.<ref name=":5" />
* '''Fast Track Special Court''' ([[Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act|POCSO]])
**dedicated to the speedy disposal of [[Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act|POCSO]] cases.<ref name=":4" />

==Elected representatives==
{{Main|Perinthalmanna Assembly constituency|Malappuram Lok Sabha constituency}}
Perinthalmanna assembly constituency consists Perinthalmanna Municipality and surrounding panchayats of Melattur, Vettathoor, Thazhekkode, Aliparamba, Elamkulam and Pulamanthole. It is part of the [[Malappuram Lok Sabha constituency]]. The current MLA, [[Najeeb Kanthapuram]], and MP, [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]], are from the [[Indian Union Muslim League]] (IUML), respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members - Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members.htm |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>
{{Infobox office
| post = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| body = [[Perinthalmanna Assembly constituency|Perinthalmanna]]
| image = Najeeb Kanthapuram MLA.jpg
| incumbent = [[Najeeb Kanthapuram]] {{nobold|([[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]])}}
| imagesize = 100
| incumbentsince = 2021
| first = [[P. Govindan Nambiar]]
| abbreviation = MLA
| member_of = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| precursor = [[Manjalamkuzhi Ali]]
}}{{Infobox office
| post = [[Member of Parliament]] (Lok Sabha)
| image =
| incumbent = [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]] {{nobold|([[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]])}}
| incumbentsince = 2021
| member_of = [[Parliament of India]] ([[Loksabha]])
| imagesize = 100px
| abbreviation = MP
}}

== Health care ==
Perinthalmanna is widely regarded as a major health care hub in Kerala, often referred to as the “hospital city” of Malabar due to the high concentration of multi-speciality hospitals, super-speciality centres, and clinics located in and around the town. Patients from across Malappuram district and neighbouring regions such as Palakkad, Thrissur, and Kozhikode frequently seek medical treatment here.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malappuram-Public Hospitals – sha |url=https://sha.kerala.gov.in/?page_id=530&lang=en |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=sha.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>

The following are the major hospitals in Perinthalmanna: 
{{Large|'''Government sector'''}}

* Government District Hospital, Perinthalmanna (under ''Malappuram District Panchayat'')<ref name="Malappuram-Public Hospitals – sha">{{Cite web |title=Malappuram-Public Hospitals – sha |url=https://sha.kerala.gov.in/?page_id=530&lang=en |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=sha.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
* Government Ayurvedic Hospital, Perinthalmanna (under ''Perinthalmanna Municipality'')<ref name="Malappuram-Public Hospitals – sha"/>
* Government Homeopathic Dispensary, Perinthalmanna (under ''Perinthalmanna Municipality'')<ref name="Malappuram-Public Hospitals – sha"/>
{{Large|'''Private sector'''}}
* [[Muslim Educational Society|MES]] Medical College Hospital, Angadippuram, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mesmedicalcollege.edu.in/ |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=Mes Medical College |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Perinthalmanna PS">{{Cite web |title=Perinthalmanna PS |url=https://ps.keralapolice.gov.in/perinthalmanna-ps/about |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=ps.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref>
* Moulana Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moulana Hospital |url=https://moulanahospital.com/ |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=Moulana Hospital |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Perinthalmanna PS"/>
* Kims Al Shifa Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Meridian Solutions |title=Kims Alshifa |url=https://kimsalshifahospital.com/ |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=kimsalshifahospital.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Perinthalmanna PS"/>
* EMS Memorial Co-operative Hospital & Research Centre, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=EMS {{!}} Home |url=https://www.emshospital.org.in/ |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=www.emshospital.org.in}}</ref><ref name="Perinthalmanna PS"/>
* Ramdas Clinic and Nursing Home, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctors |url=https://ramdashospital.com/wp/doctors/ |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=Ramdas Hospital |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Perinthalmanna PS"/>
* Amina Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref name="Perinthalmanna PS"/>
* Perinthalmanna Nursing Home (Dr. Balagopal Memorial Hospital), Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=PERINTALMANNA NURSING HOME – Hospital based in Perintalmanna , Kerala |url=https://pnh.co.in/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Crafts Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Craft {{!}} Hospital |url=https://crafthospital.com/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251108070712/https://crafthospital.com/ |archive-date=2025-11-08 |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=crafthospital.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Ascent ENT Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best ENT Hospital in Kerala, India {{!}} ASCENT HOSPITAL |url=https://www.ascenthospital.com/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.ascenthospital.com}}</ref>
* Armc Aegis Mother and Child Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=ARMC AEGIS Hospital |url=https://www.armcaegis.com/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.armcaegis.com}}</ref>
* J.J Hospital for Children, Perinthalmanna<ref>https://prism.kerala.gov.in/Hospitals.jsp</ref>
* Al Salama Eye Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Meridian Solutions |title=Best Eye Care Hospital Perinthalmanna {{!}} Malappuram {{!}} Book Appoinment Online |url=https://www.alsalama.org/ |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Al Salama Eye Hospital Kerala |language=en}}</ref>
* Abate Eye Hospital, Perinthalmanna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Eye Hospital in Perinthalmanna, Malappuram {{!}} Eye Clinic |url=https://abatehospital.com/perinthalmanna.php |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=Abate Eye Hospital Perinthalmanna |language=en}}</ref>

==Notable people==


* [[Manjalamkuzhi Ali]] – the former MLA from the constituency
* [[Vinay Govind]] – film director
* [[Paloli Mohammed Kutty]] – politician, social worker and former MLA from the constituency
* [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], first Chief Minister of Kerala, hails from [[Elamkulam, Malappuram|Elamkulam]]
* [[V. Sasikumar]] – politician, labour union leader and former MLA from the constituency
* [[Nalakath Soopy]] – MLA for 26 years from 1980 to 2006 and former Minister for Education
* [[P. Sreeramakrishnan]] – politician and former speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly
* [[Vignesh Puthur]] - cricketor

==Perinthalmanna Block==
Perinthalmanna Block Panchayat is the rural local body responsible for the block-level administration of the following [[Gram panchayat]]s:<ref name="block"/>
* [[Aliparamba]]
* [[Angadipuram]]
* [[Elamkulam, Malappuram|Elamkulam]]
* [[Keezhattur]]
* [[Melattur, Kerala|Melattur]]
* [[Pulamantol]]
* [[Thazhekkod, Malappuram district|Thazhekode]]
* [[Vettattur|Vettathur]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+Grama panchayats in Perinthalmanna Block
|-
! Sl.
! Gram Panchayat<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grama Panchayats {{!}} Welcome to Malappuram {{!}} India |url=https://malappuram.nic.in/en/panchayats/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>
! Wards<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Body Elections 2025 - TREND by State Election Commission Kerala |url=https://lbtrend.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=lbtrend.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
! Population
(2011)<ref>{{Cite web |title=മലപ്പുറം ജില്ലയിലെ ജനസംഖ്യ വിവരങ്ങള്‍ {{!}} പഞ്ചായത്ത് വകുപ്പ് |url=https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/ml/basic-page/1053 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250418021924/https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/ml/basic-page/1053 |archive-date=2025-04-18 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=dop.lsgkerala.gov.in |language=ml}}</ref>
! Area
(Sq.km)<ref>https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/en/node/1030</ref>
! President
! Party
! Alliance<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Body Elections 2025 - TREND by State Election Commission Kerala |url=https://lbtrend.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=lbtrend.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 1 || [[Aliparamba]]|| 24 || 41,725 || 34.37|| Ayisha Mekkottil
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
|-
| 2 || [[Angadipuram]]|| 24 || 56,451|| 38.50|| Shabeer Karumukkil
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
|-
| 3 || [[Elamkulam, Malappuram|Elamkulam]]|| 18 || 26,456|| 21.31|| Shaheena Teacher
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
|-
| 4 || [[Keezhattur]] || 22 || 36,317|| 40.00|| P.K Moosakkutty
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
|-
| 5 || [[Melattur, Kerala|Melattur]]|| 18 || 27,250|| 27.24|| Ramseena Mujeeb
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
|-
| 6 || [[Pulamanthole]] || 23 || 37,785|| 32.15|| Sudha Pottipara
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
|-
| 7 || [[Thazhekkod, Malappuram district|Thazhekkode]]|| 24 || 41,982|| 45.03|| Hussain Kallappadan
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
|-
| 8 || [[Vettattur]]|| 19 || 28,104|| 35.84|| Sulaikha Karimbana
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; color:white;" | IUML
| {{legend2|{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]}}
|}
Perinthalmanna Block Panchayat is divided into 19 divisions, with each member elected from a division. Adv. [[Najma Thabsheera]] ([[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]) has been the President of the Perinthalmanna Block Panchayat since 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=A |first=Abdul Nazer M. |date=2025-12-14 |title=Kerala local body poll results: Young viral candidates turn the tide |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Dec/14/kerala-local-body-poll-results-young-viral-candidates-turn-the-tide |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The divisions of block panchayat are as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Perinthalmanna Block Panchayat {{!}} Local Self Government Department |url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/lbelection/electdmemberdet/2020/116 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|+ Perinthalmanna Block Panchayat Wards (2025)<ref name="delimitation2025">State Election Commission of Kerala. ''Final ward delimitation for Block Panchayats – 2025 Kerala local body elections''.</ref>
! width="20px" | Ward no.
! width="75px" | Name
! width="20px" | Ward no.
! width="75px" | Name
|-
| 1 || Nenmini || 11 || Thootha
|-
| 2 || Keezhattoor || 12 || Kunnakkavu
|-
| 3 || Melattur || 13 || Elamkulam
|-
| 4 || Chemmaniyodu || 14 || Pulamanthole
|-
| 5 || Kariavattam || 15 || Kuruvambalam
|-
| 6 || Vettathur || 16 || Pariyapuram
|-
| 7 || Arakkuparambu || 17 || Thirurkkad
|-
| 8 || Thazhekode || 18 || Angadipuram
|-
| 9 || Anamangad || 19 || Valamboor
|-
| 10 || Aliparamba || ||
|}

===Perinthalmanna Block Panchayat Election 2025===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|+[[2025 Kerala local elections|Perinthalmanna Block Panchayat Election 2025]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Body Elections 2025 - TREND by State Election Commission Kerala |url=https://trend.sec.kerala.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=trend.sec.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
!S.No. !! Party name !! Party symbol !! Number of Members
|-
| 01 || [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] || [[File:UDF logo.png|50px]] || 17
|-
| 02 || [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] || [[File:Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Logo.svg|50px]] || 02
|-
| 03 || [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] || [[File:Bharatiya Janata Party (icon).svg|51x51px]]|| 00
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Education in Perinthalmanna]]
* [[Perinthalmanna (State Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Perinthalmanna taluk|Perinthalmanna Taluk]]

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.perinthalmannamunicipality.lsgkerala.gov.in/ Official website]

{{Navboxes
| title = Articles Related to Perinthalmanna
| list =
{{Kerala}}
{{Malabar}}
{{South Malabar}}
{{Municipalities of Kerala}}
{{Malappuram district}}
}}

[[Category:Perinthalmanna| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Malappuram district]]

Nitish Chandra Laharry

2026-01-26T00:32:10Z

Samyam517: expand page after review and updated info per sources

{{Short description|Indian lawyer, social worker and film producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nitish Chandra Laharry
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1892
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date = 21 July 1964
| occupation = Lawyer Social worker Film producer
| known for = [[Rotary International]]
| spouse = Bindubala
| children = Two daughters
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] J. M. Tagore Medal for Law (by the University of Calcutta) [[Order of Merit (Chile)]] [[National Order of Merit (France)]]
}}
'''Nitish Chandra Laharry''' (1892–1964) was an Indian lawyer, social worker and film producer from [[Kolkata]]. He was the first person of [[Asian people|Asian]] origin to be elected as the president of [[Rotary International]] and was the producer of the first motion picture of [[Bengal]], ''[[Bilat Ferat]]''.<ref name="The First RI President from India ">{{cite web | url=http://rotary3211.org/admin_rotary/menu_order/Dynamic_Contents_category/upload/Nitish%20Chandra_186.pdf | title=The First RI President from India | publisher=Rotary 3211 | date=2016 | access-date=9 March 2016 | archive-date=10 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310134215/http://rotary3211.org/admin_rotary/menu_order/Dynamic_Contents_category/upload/Nitish%20Chandra_186.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> It was during his presidency that Rotary International started its Youth wing, ''Interact Club''.<ref name="Founder of Interact">{{cite web | url=http://interactkhulna.com/Founder_of_Interact.htm | title=Founder of Interact | publisher=Interact Club of Khulna | date=2016 | access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1963, for his contributions to society.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2016 |access-date=3 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Nithish Chandra Laharry was born in 1892 in [[Kolkata]], in the undivided [[Bengal]] of [[British India]] to a school teacher as one of his three sons.<ref name="The Rotarian">{{cite journal | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XDcEAAAAMBAJ&q=Nitish+Chandra+Laharry&pg=PA35 | title=The Rotarian | journal=The Rotarian | date=July 1962 | volume=101 | issue=1 | pages=64 | issn=0035-838X}}</ref> His early schooling was in Kolkata, after which he studied at the [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|St. Xavier's College]] and at the [[Scottish Church College]], from where he obtained his graduate and master's degrees in English literature. Later he also secured a degree in law from the [[University of Calcutta]], winning the J. M. Tagore Medal for Law for academic excellence. During his college days, he was involved in literary activities and was the editor of a literary magazine which had [[Rabindranath Tagore]], the [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner, as one of its contributors.<ref name="The Rotarian" /> He started his career as a lawyer at the [[Calcutta High Court]] and worked for four years, only to abandon the career to turn to film industry.<ref name="Paul Harris and His Successors: Profiles in Leadership">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0a5NcODk8IgC&q=Nitish+Chandra+Laharry&pg=PA213 | title=Paul Harris and His Successors: Profiles in Leadership | publisher=Rotary International | year=1997 | pages=359 | isbn=9780915062416}}</ref> He founded a studio and produced a motion picture about the Bengali diaspora in England, the first motion picture produced in Bengal, ''[[Bilat Ferat]]''. An economic depression prompted him to switch to film distribution, and it was during this time he married Bindubala.<ref name="Paul Harris and His Successors: Profiles in Leadership" />

Laharry joined the Calcutta chapter of Rotary International in 1926 and became its secretary the same year.<ref name="Past Rotary International President Nitish Chandra Laharry">{{cite web | url=https://www.rghfhome.org/first100/presidents/1962laharry/bio.htm#.VuBc35x97IU | title=Past Rotary International President Nitish Chandra Laharry | publisher=Rotary Global History Fellowship | date=2016 | access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> His business travels took him to Mumbai in 1935, but he continued his association with Rotary International by becoming a member of the Bombay chapter, and, on his return to Kolkata (then Calcutta) in 1939, he rejoined RC Calcutta and became its president in 1944.<ref name="Kindle the Spark Within">{{cite web | url=http://www.rotacal.org/ourclub/nitishchandralahiri.php | title=Kindle the Spark Within | publisher=Rotary Kolkata | date=2016 | access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> The [[Bengal famine of 1943]] had already set in by that time and the organization, under his leadership, set up food canteens and free medical camps for the people affected by the famine. He also served as the vice chairman of the [[Armed Forces Entertainment]] during [[World War II]] and, after the war, managed disbursement centres for the Government of India.<ref name="Paul Harris and His Successors: Profiles in Leadership" /> In 1953, he was elected as the second vice president of Rotary International, served as the Rotary Information Counselor during 1955–56, and chaired the ''Asia Regional Conference'', in 1958, at Delhi, which had over 2900 participants from 21 countries, reportedly the largest till then.<ref name="Paul Harris and His Successors: Profiles in Leadership" /> He was elected as the global president of the organization in 1962, thus becoming the first [[Asian people|Asian]] to hold the position.<ref name="Past Rotary International President Nitish Chandra Laharry" /> His contributions were also reported behind the founding of ''Interact Club'', the youth wing of the organization.<ref name="Founder of Interact" />

The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1963.<ref name="Padma Awards" /> He was also a recipient of the [[National Order of Merit (France)]] and [[Order of Merit (Chile)]] and honorary doctorates from California College of Medicine and Baylor University, Texas.<ref name="Kindle the Spark Within" /> He died on 21 July 1964, survived by his two daughters; his wife had preceded him in death.<ref name="Founder of Interact" /> Rotary Club of Calcutta honoured him by naming their children's library as ''Nitish Chandra Laharry Children's Library''.<ref name="The Rotarian Feb 1990">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hTIEAAAAMBAJ&q=Nitish+Chandra+Laharry&pg=PA43 | title=The Rotarian Feb 1990 | publisher=Rotary International | date=1990 | access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
* 1921 : ''[[Bilat Ferat]]''

== See also ==
* [[Rotary International]]
{{Portal|India}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laharry, Nitish Chandra}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Rotary International leaders]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Social workers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali lawyers]]
[[Category:Educators from West Bengal]]

Vijay Kelkar

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Samyam517: enhance citations as per guidelines

{{short description|Indian economist and academic (born 1942)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox economist
| name = Vijay Kelkar
| school_tradition =
| image = Vijay Kelkar.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Kelkar in 2008
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1942|5|15}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
|citizenship = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| institution =
| field = [[Macroeconomics]] and [[Public Economics]]
| alma_mater = ([[Bachelor of Engineering|B.E]]) [[College of Engineering Pune]] ([[Master of Science|MS]]) [[University of Minnesota]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]) [[University of California Berkeley]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jmfpe.com/Profiles?cid=4cd7bb2c-daf6-43f5-a2d1-2c1b7dd6872b|title= Vijay Kelkar|website=JM Private Financial Equity}}</ref>
| influences =
| influenced =
| contributions =
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| signature =
| repec_prefix = |
}}
'''Vijay L. Kelkar''' (born 15 May 1942) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[economist]] and academic, who is the chairman of the [[Forum of Federations]], Ottawa & India Development Foundation, [[New Delhi]] and chairman of '''Janwani''' – a social initiative of the [[Mahratta Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Agriculture]] (MCCIA) in Pune.

==Education==
Vijay Kelkar has completed his engineering degree from [[College of Engineering, Pune]] and his [[Master of Science]] from the [[University of Minnesota]]. He then completed his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in Economics from [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jmfpe.com/Profiles?cid=4cd7bb2c-daf6-43f5-a2d1-2c1b7dd6872b|title= Vijay Kelkar|website=JM Private Financial Equity}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fincomindia.nic.in/asset/doc/commission-reports/13th-FC/composition/Chairman-Dr-Vijay-Kelkar.pdf|title=Chairman Vijay Kelkar|website= [[Finance Commission of India]]}}</ref>

== Career ==
He has been appointed as a trustee of Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust (Puttaparthi, A.P.) on 4 January 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://plus.google.com/108304167468840264436/posts/F9zJQo3tPpC|title=Dr. Vijay Kelkar Appointed Trustee|publisher= Radio Sai|date=3 January 2014}}</ref> He was also the chairman of the Finance Commission until January 2010. He was earlier advisor to the [[Minister of Finance]] (2002–2004), and is known for his role in economic reforms in India. Prior to this, he remained [[Finance Secretary (India)|Finance Secretary]], [[Government of India]] 1998–1999, and in 1999 he has been nominated as Executive director of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Sri Lanka on the board of the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF).<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Money__Banking/Vijay_Kelkar_Economist_with_a_heart_of_gold/articleshow/2557455.cms Vijay Kelkar: Economist with a heart of gold] [[The Economic Times]], 21 November 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.topnews., ain/vijay-l-kelkar-head-xiiith-finance-commission-26109 Vijay L. Kelkar to head XIIIth Finance Commission]</ref><ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19990712/ibu12037.html Vijay Kelkar is elected IMF ED] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925185654/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19990712/ibu12037.html |date=25 September 2012 }} [[Indian Express]], 12 July 1999.</ref>

== Committees and commissions headed ==
* [[Kelkar committee on PPP in India]]
* Joint Venture (JV) Committee of NCAD (90 seater National Civil Aircraft).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Plan-panel-to-allocate-Rs-5000-crore-to-develop-civilian-plane/article13376826.ece|title=Plan panel to allocate Rs 5000 crore to develop civilian plane|last=PTI|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2016-12-12}}</ref>
*Kelkar Task Force (which recommended [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|GST]]) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/a-broader-view-of-kelkar-task-force/123005/|title=A Broader View Of Kelkar Task Force|newspaper=Financial Express|access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Vijay Kelkar is married and has a daughter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://finmin.nic.in/kelkar/kelkar.htm|title=Vijay L. Kelkar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712103734/http://finmin.nic.in/kelkar/kelkar.htm|archive-date=12 July 2010}}</ref>

==Published works==
* ''In Service of the Republic: The Art and Science of Economic Policy'' (New Delhi: Penguin Allen Lane., 2019) {{ISBN| 978-0-670-09332-8}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://ia.rediff.com/rediffsearch/Vijay%20Kelkar Vijay Kelkar] [[Rediff.com]]
* {{cite web|title=Works of Vijay Kelkar|url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AKelkar%2C+Vijay+L.&qt=hot_author|publisher=[[WorldCat]]}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kelkar, Vijay}}
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Scientists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian economists]]

List of silent Bengali films

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#REDIRECT [[List of Bengali films]]

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks

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Samyam517: put up the bio basic info

{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| image = Glimpse of Nanda Devi amidst the clouds from Valley of Flowers.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Glimpse of Nanda Devi amidst the clouds from Valley of Flowers
| location = [[Chamoli district]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| includes = {{flatlist|
#[[Nanda Devi National Park]]
#[[Valley of Flowers National Park]]
}}
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(vii), (x)}}(vii), (x)
| ID = 335bis
| coordinates = {{coord|30|43|N|79|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| year = 1988
| extension = 2005
| area = {{convert|71,783|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone = {{convert|514,286|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| locmapin = India
| map_caption =
|WHS=|Criteria=}}
The '''Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Parks''' is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]].<ref name=unesco>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/335 Official UNESCO site]</ref> It possesses of two core areas about 20 km apart, made up by the [[Nanda Devi National Park]] and the [[Valley of Flowers National Park]], plus an encompassing Combined [[Buffer zone|Buffer Zone]].

In 1988, the site was inscribed as ''Nanda Devi National Park (India)''. In 2005, it was expanded to encompass the [[Valley of Flowers National Park]] and a larger buffer zone and it was renamed to ''Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks''.

The areas of the site are
* {{convert|630.33|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} - Nanda Devi National Park core area
* {{convert|87.50|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} - Valley of Flowers National Park core area
* {{convert|5148.57|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name=unesco/> - Buffer zone

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{World Heritage Sites in India}}
{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:1988 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1988]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]
NANDA DEVI

Mahur, Maharashtra

2025-12-24T18:50:01Z

Samyam517: formatting fix

{{other uses|Mahur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mahur
| other_name =
| nickname = Mahurgarh
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = Renukadevi mahur.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Idol of [[Renuka]] goddess in Mahur
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19|50|52|N|77|55|26|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nanded]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Atri Rishi
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Shital Jadhav
| named_for = Mahurgarh
| government_type = City Council
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Mahurkar
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 431801
| registration_plate = MH-26
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Hingoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hingoli]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Kinwat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kinwat]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Civic Agency
| blank4_info_sec1 = ''Mahurgad Nagar Panchayat''
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Mahur''' or '''Mahurgad''' is a town and religious place in [[Nanded district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/treasures/temple/mahurgad {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> Mahur is the birthplace of [[Hindu]] God [[Dattatreya]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sreedattavaibhavam.org/mahurgud/ | title=Mahurgud | Sree Datta Vaibhavam }}</ref> Dattatreya parents [[Atri]] Rishi and Sati [[Anasuya]] Mata lived here. Brahmadev, Vishnudev and Lord Shiva once got a news about Anusaya Mata that there is no one more pious and pure as her. To test her piousness they arrived under the garb of asking Alm (bhiksha).
Near Mahur, There is a Pious confluence of River Penganga and River Pus at Hiwara Sangam village, Tal. [[Mahagaon, Yavatmal|Mahagaon]] [[Vidarbha]], from where the river flows northward. Penganga river forms a border between Vidarbha and Marathwada. Mahur falls just about 3km inside Marathwada due to river banks.

There are three mountains in Mahur. The first one is having Renuka Mahar devi mata Temple, who is mother of the god [[Parashurama|Parshuram]]. Other two are called Datta Shikhar and Atri Anasuya Shikar Temples. Datta Shikhar is highest of all. Mahur has a sacred temple to Renuka Mata, which is considered one of the three and half [[Shakta pithas]] (temples) in the state. A big fair is held here every year on the occasion of [[Vijayadashami]].{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Sahasrarjun attacked Renuka Mahar Devi while somewhere in today's [[Telangana]], for he wanted to grab the sacred [[Kamdhenu]] cow — this cow has the divine power to fulfill wishes. When Renuka Mahar Devi refused to him that saying asking gift of your own choice by the guest visitor is uncalled. He attacked her & injured her. She dies in this & when Lord Parshuram knew about it, he went berserk. Then the elderly people pacified him & asked him to do the last rites in Mahur under Dattatreya's guidance. Then he was told by him that Mahar devi Renuka Mata will appear on first mountain for you to worship. This became the famous Mahar Devi Renuka Mata temple. The "Matru Tirth" (means sacred place for Mother's worship) Place on this Mountain is the one which is where today stands a lake, is "Antyeshti Sthan" (Means place where last rites were performed).{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

There are many other temples in Mahur like Rishi Jamdagni Mahar Temple, Lord Parshuram Mahar Temple, Kalika Mata Temple, Devdevshwar Temple, and also the Caves called Pandav Leni.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Near to mahur one of the historical and beautiful , natural place known as [[Baba Farid|Hazrat Fariduddin Ganjeshakkar Dargah]].It is in a cave under the waterfall.

There is a fort named [[Mahur Fort]] in Mahur. [[File:Indien2012 1356 Mahur Fort.jpg|thumb|Ramparts of the spacious fort of Mahur]] This was built Khandkya Ballal Shah by Gond kingdom of Chandrapur. This fort is quite large, but very few visitors travel inside.

==History==
Mahur finds mention in the ancient ''[[Devi Bhagawatam]]'' as "Matripura" or "Matapur", where it is mention as one of the famous pilgrimages.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk09ch34.htm ''Devi Bhagawatam'', Ninth Book, chapter XXXIV: On the description of the various hells, p. 939] ''[[Devi Bhagawatam]]'', tr. by Swami Vijnanananda, (1921-22).</ref> In ''Devi Gita'' the final and most important chapter of the text, it is mentioned as one of the important places of [[Shakti]] worship:

<blockquote>"[[Devi]] spoke:... I am now telling something out of My affection to My [[Bhakta]]s... Matripura or "Matapur" in the [[Sahyadri]] mountain; here the [[Renuka|Devi Renuka]] or [[Matapur Niwasini Jagdamba Devi]] dwells..."<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/dg/dg08.htm ''Devi Gita'', chapter XXXVIII: The Vow and the Sacred Places of the Devi] ''Devi Gita'' (Song of the Goddess), excerpt from the [[Devi Bhagawatam|Srimad Devi Bhagawatam]], translated by Swami Vijnanananda (Hari Prasanna Chatterji), 1921. "O King of Mountains! Still I am now telling something out of My affection to My [[Bhakta]]s. Hear. There is a great place of pilgrimage named Kolhapura in the southern country. Here the Devi Laksmi always dwells. The second place is Matripura or Matapur in the Sahyadrî mountain; here the Devî Renuka dwells." Verses: 3-10.</ref></blockquote>
Appasaheb Deshmukh was the ruler of Mahur sarkar and the sardar of gond King in the 12th century CE. Bharat Ratn Nanaji Deshmukh was his descendant.

===Raje Udaram Deshmukh of Mahur===
[[Raje]] Uddhavji Ramji alias Raja Udaram, a [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmin]] from Washim was the [[Jagirdar]] of Mahur.<ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings - Indian History Congress|year = 1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gR7jAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Indian History Congress|page=300|quote=This raya baghini was wife of Raja Udajiram the founder of the family of Raja Udaram jagirdar and Deshmukh of Mahur . Raja Udajiram was a Deshastha Rigvedi Brahman of Berar.}}</ref> He was initially a sardar in Nizamshahi Kingdom along with Sardar Lakhuji Jadhavrao, father of Rajmata Jijau Saheb. In year 1616, both Lakhuji and Udaram deserted Malik Ambar to join Mughals. Maratha Sardars were desired by both sides for their light infantry and cavalry. Both Sardars changed sides according to their interests. Raje Udaram was a good friend of Sardar Raje Lakhuji Jadhavrao. He died in 1632 AD, on the foothills of Daulatabad fort. Later Pandita Sawitribai or [[Rai Bagan]], his wife, was the ruler of Mahur.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Medieval Maratha Country|last=Kulkarni|first=A. R.}}</ref> There is a story of her valour. After death of her husband Raje Udaram-Deshmukh of the Mahur in Varhad province, who was in [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] services, she took sword and joined Mughal services. After her son Jagjivanrao's death she continued to manage her [[jagir]] along with her grandson, Baburao. She was maintaining the [[Jagir]]s in [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]] province, viz., Mahur, [[Pusad]], [[Washim]], [[Malegaon]], [[Umarkhed]], etc. [[Aurangzeb]] entrusted this Mahur-queen with the responsibility to quell the rebellion of Sardar Herchandrai. Savitri thereupon readied herself for the encounter. Taking the army from the Mahur-hills she proceeded towards the warfield. She tied her choli (bodice) to the flag-pole and exhorted to the army: “I am marching on the army, making flag of [[choli]]. "You are, after all men! You ought to be more valorous than me! Fight with full might! Kill the enemy! Win the battle! Protect the honour of your sister!" this call by her really kindled fire in the minds of the soldiers and they fought relentlessly. She also personally fought with all her might and consequently Harchandrai was defeated. For her valour during the war of accession in 1658, she was given an honorary name ''[[Rai Bagan]]'' by Aurangzeb. The meaning of ''Rai Bagan'' is ''Royal Tigress''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Raja Shiv Chhatrapati Part 1 & 2|last=Purandare|first=Babasaheb|publisher=Purandare Publications}}</ref>

She fought on side of [[Shaista Khan|Kartalab Khan]] in Battle of Umberkhind. She called [[Shivaji]] A Lion and advised Kartalab khan to surrender himself before Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|title=श्री शिवभारत|last=परमानंद|first=कवींद्र|publisher=भारत ईतिहास संशोधन मंडळ, पुणे|pages=२९१,२९२}}</ref>

Raje Udaram was a title conferred by [[Shah Jahan|Shahajahan]] to the family. Hence, all the descendants of Udaram called themselves Raje Udaram. Peshwas, in early 18th century questioned the title. But later permission was given to use the title. In 1802, the Jahagirdari was divided into six sons. And each keeping the title called himself Raje Udaram Deshmukh.

For first three generations, Raje Udarams were the Killedars and faujdar of Mahur's Ramgad fort. They used to live on fort and rule over their territory. Last renovation of this fort was done by Raja Jagjeewanrao Udaram, son of Uddhavji Ramji. He also built the famous Hatti Darwaja of the fort, which was built like a Chini Mahal of Devgiri fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kale |first=Y.M. |title=Varhadcha Itihas |year=1928}}</ref>

==The Renuka Devi Temple as a Shakti pitha==
{{main|Daksha Yaga|Shakta pithas}}
[[File:Dakshayani.jpg|thumb|Shiva carrying the corpse of [[Sati (goddess)|Sati]] Devi]]
The temple is considered as a revered shrine for the [[Shaktism]] sect, because of the above told mythology and also because the Shrine is a [[Shakta pithas|Shakta pitha]]. It is believed that Renuka Mata, (the wife of Sage Jamadagni) was decapitated by her own son [[Parashurama]] and her head fell here. Renuka was later given rebirth as a boon by Sage Jamadagni to his son [[Parashurama]]. The temple is considered as a Shakta pitha because of ''the mythology of Daksha yaga and Sati's self immolation''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kottiyoor Devaswam Temple Administration Portal|url=http://kottiyoordevaswom.com/|work=kottiyoordevaswom.com/|publisher=Kottiyoor Devaswam|access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref>

[[Shakta pithas]] are Durga or Adiparashakti shrines that are believes to have enshrined with the presence of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of [[Sati (goddess)|Sati]] Devi, when Lord [[Shiva]] carried it and wandered. There are 51 Shakta pithas linking to the 51 alphabets in Sanskrit. The Shakti of Mahur is addressed as Renuka Devi. Most of the Shakta pithas are associated with a [[Kalabhairava]] shrine.

==Geography==
All three important temples — Renuka Mata Temple, Lord Dattatreya Temple and Anusaya Mata Temple — are built on three mountain ranges. Mahur is surrounded by jungles rich with trees and wild life. There is [[teakwood]] trees everywhere. [[Peafowl]], [[deer]], [[Asian black bear|black bears]], [[leopard|panthers]] are very common in the jungle.

On one of the mountains is the ancient [[Mahurgad Fort]] constructed in the 12th century. Mahur was an important fort in ancient [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]] history. It became a separate province in 1478 during the [[Bahmani Sultanate]]. It was one of the [[Sarkar (administrative division)|Sarkar]]s (then district) with 20 parganas (towns) in [[Berar Subah]] (state) in [[Akbar]]'s rule.

== Holy Attractions==
The main attractions in Mahur are [[Matapur Niwasini Shri Jagdamba Devi Temple]] or Renuka Devi Temple, [[Lord Dattatreya]] Temple, Anusaya Mata Temple, Devdeveshwar Temple, [[Lord Parshuram]] Temple, Sarvatirtha, Matru-Tirtha, Bhanutirth, Hati darvaza, Bal samudra, Pandav Leni, [[Mahurgad Fort]], [[Mahakali]] Temple (In the fort), Mahur Museum, Sonapir Dargah, Shaikh Farid Water fall (Wazara), Palace of Raje Udaram. Raje Udaram Deshmukh and later his brave wife RaiBagan (Royal Tigress) were the rulers of Mahur.

People who visit Mahur also visit [[Kinwat#Unkeshwar hot springs|Unkeshwar Hot Spring]] (90 km from [[Pusad]]; 50 km from Mahur; 15 km from [[Kinwat]]), which has natural sources of hot water. This [[sulphur]]-rich water is supposed to have medicinal value. The name Unkeshwar is because of Lord Unkeshwar (MAHADEV i.e. [[Shiva]]) temple and [[Aashram]] complex.

===Devdeveshwar Temple===
Devdeveshwari mandir belongs to [[Mahanbhav Panth]], basically called a ''nidra sthan'' (sleeping place) of Jagat Guru Shree Dattatreya Prabhu. It is at elevated outskirt of Mahur town, 2 km from Mahur bus stand.

Daily Shree Dattatreya Prabhu will take nitya snan (daily bath) at meruwada talao (tank) in Mahur, bhiksha (the meal served to a sadhu or Indian monk) at Kolhapur, bhojan (lunch) at Panchaleshwar and get back to sleep in Devdeveshwar mandir Mahur (nidra sthan of God Dattatreya Prabhu). Jagat Guru Shree Dattatreya swami is a chiranjiv avtar (Immortal) so it is believed that even today Shree Dattatreya swami comes to sleep here.

== Travel facilities and Pilgrimage Amenities ==
There are Maharashtra state transport buses that go from Nagpur, Nanded, Kinwat, Yavatmal, Amravati, Akola and Pusad to Mahur. The nearest airport is [[Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport|Nanded airport]] which is connected to all the major cities of India. From [[Nanded]], You can use private car or taxi to reach Mahurgad.

For people from Mumbai and Pune visitors it is better to reach [[Nanded]] by train & take a Bus, Private car or taxi from there. From Nanded Bus stand frequent buses are there.

Hadgaon also has bus and taxi transport going to Mahur. The only way to approach Mahur is by Road. There are frequent buses (State-run ST buses as well as private buses) from [[Nanded]], [[Yavatmal]] and [[Pusad]].

Accommodation facilities are available in Mahur city (7 km from the temple). All types of accommodation facilities are available like lodges, hotels, government rest houses. Foods served by local hotels, [[dhaba]]s (roadside eateries for the travelers) are of good quality and served fresh.

On auspicious occasions like [[Navaratri]]s, Datta Pournima; Mahapuja is organised which is followed by Mahaprasad (Feast for the Pilgrims).

==References==
{{reflist}}
* www.srtmun.ac.in

==Official Website==
http://shrirenukamatamandir.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001222538/http://shrirenukamatamandir.org/ |date=1 October 2016 }}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/marathi/mahInfo/nanded.php Mahur, in Nanded] Maharashtra Govt. Official website.
* [http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/MahurFort.html Mahur Fort] The Official Website of Maharashtra Tourism.
* [http://www.shaktipeethas.org/mahur-map-t193.html Mahur map]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Mahur
|North = [[Arni (Maharashtra)|Arni]]
|Northeast =
|East =
|Southeast = [ R.S.Chavan the House Ram Nagar Kinwat]
|South =Malborgaon ( R.S.Chavan the Village )
|Southwest = [[Mahagaon, Yavatmal|Mahagaon]], [[Umarkhed]]
|West = [[Pusad]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Berar}}
{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nanded district]]
[[Category:Shakta pithas]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nanded district]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Maharashtra]]

2022 Chennai Open – Doubles

2025-11-29T19:13:52Z

Samyam517: Starting data

{{Tennis events|2022|Chennai Open|s
| champ = {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gabriela Dabrowski]] {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luisa Stefani]]
| runner = {{flagicon|}} [[Anna Blinkova]] {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Natela Dzalamidze]]
| score = 6–1, 6–2
| draw = 16
| seeds = 4
| type = Singles Doubles
| main_name = WTA Indian Open
| before_name = Canara Bank Bangalore Open
| before_year = 2008
| after_year= 2025
}}

{{main|2022 Chennai Open}}

[[Gabriela Dabrowski]] and [[Luisa Stefani]] defeated [[Anna Blinkova]] and [[Natela Dzalamidze]] in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 WTA Indian Open.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2796334/czech-teen-linda-fruhvirtova-claims-first-wta-title-in-chennai|title=Czech teen Linda Fruhvirtova claims first WTA title in Chennai|publisher=Women's Tennis Association|accessdate=20 November 2024}}</ref>

[[Peng Shuai]] and [[Sun Tiantian]] were the champions from when the event was last held in 2008 in [[2008 Canara Bank Bangalore Open – Doubles|Bangalore]],<ref>[http://www.china.org.cn/sports/news/2008-03/10/content_12137944.htm Peng and Sun grab the Bangalore Open title]</ref> but they had both since retired from professional tennis.

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# {{flagicon|CAN}} '''[[Gabriela Dabrowski]] / {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luisa Stefani]] (champions)'''
# {{flagicon|USA}} [[Kaitlyn Christian]] / {{flagicon|}} [[Lidziya Marozava]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Oksana Kalashnikova]] / {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Nadiia Kichenok]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Han Xinyun]] / {{flagicon|POL}} [[Katarzyna Kawa]] ''(first round)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}
===Draw===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Quarterfinals
| RD3=Semifinals
| RD4=Final

| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gabriela Dabrowski|G Dabrowski]] {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luisa Stefani|L Stefani]]'''
| RD1-score01-1='''6'''
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|GRE}} [[Despina Papamichail|D Papamichail]] {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Katie Swan|K Swan]]
| RD1-score02-1=4
| RD1-score02-2=1
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|INA}} [[Jessy Rompies|J Rompies]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prarthana Thombare|P Thombare]]
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2=65
| RD1-score03-3=[4]
| RD1-seed04=Alt
| RD1-team04='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutuja Bhosale|R Bhosale]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karman Thandi|K Thandi]]'''
| RD1-score04-1=3
| RD1-score04-2='''77'''
| RD1-score04-3='''[10]'''

| RD1-seed05=3
| RD1-team05={{flagicon|GEO}} [[Oksana Kalashnikova|O Kalashnikova]] {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Nadiia Kichenok|N Kichenok]]
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2=2
| RD1-score05-3=[8]
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Justina Mikulskytė|J Mikulskytė]] {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Emily Webley-Smith|E Webley-Smith]]'''
| RD1-score06-1=3
| RD1-score06-2='''6'''
| RD1-score06-3='''[10]'''

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Peangtarn Plipuech|P Plipuech]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Moyuka Uchijima|M Uchijima]]'''
| RD1-score07-1='''6'''
| RD1-score07-2='''7'''
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=WC
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sharmada Balu|S Balu]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Riya Bhatia|R Bhatia]]
| RD1-score08-1=2
| RD1-score08-2=5
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed09=
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ankita Raina|A Raina]] {{flagicon|NED}} [[Rosalie van der Hoek|R van der Hoek]]
| RD1-score09-1=1
| RD1-score09-2=4
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=
| RD1-team10='''{{flagicon|}} [[Anastasia Gasanova|A Gasanova]] {{flagicon|}} [[Oksana Selekhmeteva|O Selekhmeteva]]'''
| RD1-score10-1='''6'''
| RD1-score10-2='''6'''
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed11=WC
| RD1-team11='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Eugenie Bouchard|E Bouchard]] {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Yanina Wickmayer|Y Wickmayer]]'''
| RD1-score11-1='''6'''
| RD1-score11-2='''6'''
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=4
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Han Xinyun|X Han]] {{flagicon|POL}} [[Katarzyna Kawa|K Kawa]]
| RD1-score12-1=2
| RD1-score12-2=4
| RD1-score12-3=

| RD1-seed13=
| RD1-team13='''{{flagicon|NED}} [[Arianne Hartono|A Hartono]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Olivia Tjandramulia|O Tjandramulia]]'''
| RD1-score13-1='''6'''
| RD1-score13-2='''6'''
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Astra Sharma|A Sharma]] {{flagicon|}} E Yashina
| RD1-score14-1=3
| RD1-score14-2=1
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=
| RD1-team15='''{{flagicon|}} [[Anna Blinkova|A Blinkova]] {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Natela Dzalamidze|N Dzalamidze]]'''
| RD1-score15-1=5
| RD1-score15-2='''6'''
| RD1-score15-3='''[10]'''
| RD1-seed16=2
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|USA}} [[Kaitlyn Christian|K Christian]] {{flagicon|}} [[Lidziya Marozava|L Marozava]]
| RD1-score16-1='''7'''
| RD1-score16-2=1
| RD1-score16-3=[8]

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gabriela Dabrowski|G Dabrowski]] {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luisa Stefani|L Stefani]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''6'''
| RD2-score01-2='''6'''
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=Alt
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutuja Bhosale|R Bhosale]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karman Thandi|K Thandi]]
| RD2-score02-1=0
| RD2-score02-2=3
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|LTU}} [[Justina Mikulskytė|J Mikulskytė]] {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Emily Webley-Smith|E Webley-Smith]]
| RD2-score03-1=2
| RD2-score03-2=0
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Peangtarn Plipuech|P Plipuech]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Moyuka Uchijima|M Uchijima]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''6'''
| RD2-score04-2='''6'''
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|}} [[Anastasia Gasanova|A Gasanova]] {{flagicon|}} [[Oksana Selekhmeteva|O Selekhmeteva]]
| RD2-score05-1='''7'''
| RD2-score05-2=3
| RD2-score05-3=[10]
| RD2-seed06=WC
| RD2-team06='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Eugenie Bouchard|E Bouchard]] {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Yanina Wickmayer|Y Wickmayer]]'''
| RD2-score06-1=5
| RD2-score06-2='''6'''
| RD2-score06-3='''[12]'''

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|NED}} [[Arianne Hartono|A Hartono]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Olivia Tjandramulia|O Tjandramulia]]
| RD2-score07-1=3
| RD2-score07-2='''6'''
| RD2-score07-3=[5]
| RD2-seed08=
| RD2-team08='''{{flagicon|}} [[Anna Blinkova|A Blinkova]] {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Natela Dzalamidze|N Dzalamidze]]'''
| RD2-score08-1='''6'''
| RD2-score08-2=4
| RD2-score08-3='''[10]'''

| RD3-seed01=1
| RD3-team01='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gabriela Dabrowski|G Dabrowski]] {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luisa Stefani|L Stefani]]'''
| RD3-score01-1='''6'''
| RD3-score01-2='''6'''
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|THA}} [[Peangtarn Plipuech|P Plipuech]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Moyuka Uchijima|M Uchijima]]
| RD3-score02-1=3
| RD3-score02-2=3
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=WC
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Eugenie Bouchard|E Bouchard]] {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Yanina Wickmayer|Y Wickmayer]]
| RD3-score03-1=3
| RD3-score03-2=1r
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04='''{{flagicon|}} [[Anna Blinkova|A Blinkova]] {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Natela Dzalamidze|N Dzalamidze]]'''
| RD3-score04-1='''6'''
| RD3-score04-2=1
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=1
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gabriela Dabrowski|G Dabrowski]] {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luisa Stefani|L Stefani]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''6'''
| RD4-score01-2='''6'''
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|}} [[Anna Blinkova|A Blinkova]] {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Natela Dzalamidze|N Dzalamidze]]
| RD4-score02-1=1
| RD4-score02-2=2
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2022/2078/MDD.pdf Main draw]

{{2022 WTA Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2022 Chennai Open - Doubles}}
[[Category:2022 WTA Tour|Chennai Open - Doubles]]

Turning Point (1991 TV series)

2025-11-25T07:44:42Z

Samyam517: made the stub added tags

{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Distinguish|Turning Point: 9/11 and the War on Terror}}

'''''Turning Point''''' was a weekly science magazine programme that aired on [[DD National]] in 1991. The show won several awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iscos.org/ijsc/Vol1-No1/review2.htm|title=Indian Science Communication Society|website=www.iscos.org|access-date=2016-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNRmcYct7XIC|title=Effects Of Television And The Viewers|last=Datta|first=Amal|date=2007-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788183241823|language=en}}</ref>

The script and direction was by Neelabh Kaul and Indraneel Kaul. It was co-produced by [[Doordarshan]] and Vyeth Television.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koausa.org/VyethTelevision/TurningPoint/index.html|title=Vyeth Television: Turning Point|website=koausa.org|access-date=2016-06-26}}</ref> The presenter was [[Girish Karnad]], with special appearances by [[Yash Pal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caleidoscope.in/nostalgiphilia/the-magical-era-of-doordarshan-serials-part-2|title=The Magical era of Doordarshan Serials - Part 2|last=Raj|first=Rashmi|publisher=Caleidoscope|accessdate=14 August 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Naseeruddin Shah]], classical dancer [[Mallika Sarabhai]], and director [[Mahesh Bhatt]] along with Kabir Bedi also hosted some episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19980330-turning-point-makes-a-comeback-with-new-host-and-producer-825995-1998-03-29|title=Turning Point makes a comeback with new host and producer|publisher=India Today|access-date=2016-07-09}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{imdbtitle|0398592|Turning Point}}

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:1991 Indian television series debuts]]

Korukollu

2025-11-24T22:53:35Z

Samyam517: created new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Korukollu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline = Korukollu pnchayiti offic.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Panchayathi Office
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16|28|51|N|81|14|36|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishna district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Democratic
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Krishna|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=14 February 2016|page=16,352|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 18.37
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 11
| population_total = 8333
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census" />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Telugu
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 521343
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-08677
| registration_plate = AP-16
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Eluru
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Kaikaluru
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Tropical wet]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Korukollu''' is a small village in the [[Kalidindi]] [[mandal]] of [[Krishna District]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="census" />

==Geography==
The climate is tropical, with hot summers and moderate winters. The average warmest month is May.On average, the coolest month is January.The maximum average precipitation occurs in August. The peak temperature reaches {{convert|37|C|F}} in May–June, while the winter temperature is 19-28 C. The average humidity is 78% and the average annual rainfall is 103 cm. Korukollu gets its [[rainfall]] from both the south-west [[monsoon]] and north-east [[monsoon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/local/INXX0339?from=text_topnav_business |title=National and Local Weather Radar, Daily Forecast, Hurricane and information from The Weather Channel and |publisher=Weather.com |date= |accessdate=2022-05-05}}</ref>

'''Climate'''

{{climate chart
| Korukollu
|19|28|5.1
|21|30|10.2
|22|32|7.6
|26|34|10.2
|27|37|20.3
|27|37|86.4
|26|33|170.2
|25|32|180.3
|25|32|154.9
|24|31|177.8
|21|30|116.8
|19|28|20.3
|float=Right
|clear=both
}}

==Demographics==
;'''Population'''
* Total: 10500
* Male: 5000
* Female: 5500
<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Population_Finder/View_Village_Population.aspx?pcaid=535346&category=VILLAGE ]{{dead link|date=May 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishna district]]

1991 Lok Sabha election

2025-10-25T13:57:51Z

Samyam517: started basic article w/ refs...

#redirect [[1991 Indian general election]]

2024 Royal Challengers Bengaluru season

2025-09-29T21:55:27Z

Samyam517: Starting a post

{{Short description|2024 Indian Premier League cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = {{IPL Teams 1|rcb}}
| season = [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024]]
| image =
| coach = [[Andy Flower]]
| captain = [[Faf du Plessis]]
| ground = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]
| comp1 = [[2024 Indian Premier League#League stage|League stage]]
| comp1 result = 4th
| comp2 = [[2024 Indian Premier League#Eliminator|Eliminator]]
| comp2 result = Lost
| most runs = [[Virat Kohli]] (741)
| most wickets = [[Yash Dayal]] (15)
| most catches = [[Faf du Plessis]] (8)
| most dismissals = [[Anuj Rawat]] (5)
| prevseason = [[2023 Royal Challengers Bangalore season|2023]]
| nextseason = [[2025 Royal Challengers Bengaluru season|2025]]
}}
{{2024 Indian Premier League Teams}}

The [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 season]] was the 17th season for the [[Indian Premier League]] franchise [[{{IPL Teams 1|rcb }}]]. They were one of the ten teams competed in the [[2024 Indian Premier League]]. They finished at the 6th position in [[2023 Indian Premier League|previous season]]'s league stage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL Points Table {{!}} IPL Standings {{!}} IPL Ranking |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023-1345038/points-table-standings |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> RCB drew an average home attendance of 32,245 in the league during the season.

After their 7th win on 18 May 2024, Bengaluru qualified for the [[2024 Indian Premier League#Playoffs|Playoffs]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=RCB vs CSK Cricket Scorecard, 68th Match at Bengaluru, May 18, 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/royal-challengers-bengaluru-vs-chennai-super-kings-68th-match-1426306/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-18 |title=RCB vs CSK Highlights, IPL 2024: Royal Challengers Bengaluru qualify for playoffs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/rcb-vs-csk-live-score-ipl-2024-match-68-today-royal-challengers-bengaluru-vs-chennai-super-kings-scorecard-updates-9336783/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> They finished the [[2024 Indian Premier League#League stage|League stage]] at the 4th place with 7 wins and 7 losses, garnering 14 points and seeding their place in the [[2024 Indian Premier League#Eliminator|Eliminator]].<ref name=pts/>

After being defeated by [[2024 Rajasthan Royals season|Rajasthan Royals]] in the [[2024 Indian Premier League#Eliminator|Eliminator]] played on 22 May at [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Ahmedabad]], Bengaluru were eliminated from the tournament.<ref name=E>{{Cite web |title=RR vs RCB Cricket Scorecard, Eliminator at Ahmedabad, May 22, 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/rajasthan-royals-vs-royal-challengers-bengaluru-eliminator-1426310/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-22 |title=RR vs RCB Highlights, IPL 2024 Eliminator: Rovman Powell thumps a six to knock RCB out of the tournament, RR to face SRH in Qualifier 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/rr-vs-rcb-live-score-ipl-2024-eliminator-match-today-rajasthan-royals-vs-royal-challengers-bengaluru-scorecard-updates-9344485/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> They finished at the 4th place in the tournament after losing the Eliminator.<ref name=E/>

[[Virat Kohli]] scored the most runs in the season (741)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League, 2024 batting most runs career Records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2024-15940 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> and was awarded with [[Indian rupee|₹]]10 [[lakh]] (US$13,000) cash prize along with the Orange Cap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-05-26 |title=IPL 2024 Final, Presentation Ceremony Full List of Awards: Sunil Narine gets Most Valuable Player of the Season; Virat Kohli wins Orange Cap |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-final-2024-full-list-of-award-winners-presentation-orange-purple-cap-mvp-sixes-fours-catch-emerging-player-fairplay/article68218334.ece |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Squad ==
<section begin=squad/>
* Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore Squad – Indian Premier League, 2024 Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/royal-challengers-bangalore-squad-1413548/series-squads |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#FFCCCC|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who was unavailable for rest of the season.

{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:85%"
! colspan="9" style="background:red"|[[{{IPL Teams 1|rcba }}|{{IPL Teams 1|rcb }}]] squad for the [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 Indian Premier League]]
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nat
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Signed year
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Captain
|-
| 13 || '''[[Faf du Plessis]]''' || {{cricon|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1984|7|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg-break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7|c}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| 18 || '''[[Virat Kohli]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1988|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2008 ||style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|15|c}} || [[Vice Captain (cricket)|Vice Captain]]
|-
| 22 || Saurav Chauhan || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|2000|5|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 97 || '''[[Rajat Patidar]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1993|6|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} || |
|-
| 43 || [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1997|12|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 19 || '''[[Dinesh Karthik]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1985|6|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5.5|c}} ||
|-
| 55 || [[Anuj Rawat]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1999|10|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.4|c}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| 6 || [[Mahipal Lomror]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1999|11|16|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|95|l}} ||
|- style="background:#FFCCCC
| 9 || '''[[Will Jacks]]''' || {{cricon|ENG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1998|11|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.2|c}} || Overseas; Withdrawn{{Efn|name=Eng|[[England cricket team|English cricketers]] (including [[Will Jacks]] and [[Reece Topley]]) withdrew on 13 May 2024 due to the upcoming [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|T20WC]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Englishmen leave IPL for T20 World Cup duty |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2024-t20-world-cup-2024-jos-buttler-liam-livingstone-will-jacks-reece-topley-leave-india-1433690 |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
| 32 || '''[[Glenn Maxwell]]''' || {{cricon|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1988|10|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|11|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 42 || '''[[Cameron Green]]''' || {{cricon|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1999|6|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|17.5|c}} || Overseas; Traded{{Efn|Ahead of the 2024 auction, [[Cameron Green]] was traded from [[Mumbai Indians]] to Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-26 |title=Hardik returns to MI, Cameron Green moves to RCB |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/128615/hardik-returns-to-mi-cameron-green-moves-to-rcb |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
| {{n/a}} || '''[[Tom Curran (cricketer)|Tom Curran]]''' || {{cricon|ENG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1995|3|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
| {{n/a}} || [[Manoj Bhandage]] || {{cricon|IND}}|| {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1998|10|5|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace bowlers
|- style="background:#FFCCCC
| 8 || '''[[Reece Topley]]''' || {{cricon|ENG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1994|2|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style=text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.9|c}} || Overseas; Withdrawn{{Efn|name=Eng}}
|-
| 11 || ''' [[Akash Deep]] ''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|12|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 31|| [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1997|1|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 69 || '''[[Lockie Ferguson]]''' || {{cricon|NZ}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1991|6|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 73 || '''[[Mohammed Siraj]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1994|3|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7|c}} ||
|-
| 88 || '''[[Alzarri Joseph]]''' || {{cricon|ATG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|11|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|11.5|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 103 || [[Yash Dayal]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1997|12|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5|c}} ||
|-
| {{n/a}} || Rajan Kumar || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|7|8|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|70|l}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin bowlers
|-
| 24 || [[Swapnil Singh]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1991|1|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 33 || '''[[Karn Sharma]]''' || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1987|9|23|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg-break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| 44 || [[Himanshu Sharma (cricketer)|Himanshu Sharma]]|| {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1998|6|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg-break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 77 || [[Mayank Dagar]] || {{cricon|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2024|03|22|1996|11|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2024 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.8|c}} || Traded{{Efn|Ahead of the 2024 auction, [[Mayank Dagar]] was traded from [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] to Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SRH, RCB trade Mayank Dagar and Shahbaz Ahmed |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/128607/srh-rcb-trade-mayank-dagar-and-shahbaz-ahmed |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=www.cricbuzz.com |language=en}}</ref>}}
|}<section end=squad/>

== Administration and support staff ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position
!Name
|-
|CEO|| Prathamesh Mishra
|-
|Team manager|| Soumya Deep Pyne
|-
|Head coach|| [[Andy Flower]]
|-
|Batting coach||
|-
|Bowling coach|| [[Adam Griffith]]
|-
|Fielding coach|| [[Malolan Rangarajan]]
|-
| colspan="2" |{{center|Source: {{citation needed|date=May 2024}}}}
|}

== Sponsors ==
* '''Kit manufacturer''': [[Puma (brand)|Puma]]
* '''Main shirt sponsor''': [[Qatar Airways]]
* '''Back shirt sponsor''': KEI
* '''Chest branding''': [[Delhivery]]

== League stage ==

=== Points table ===
{{2024 Indian Premier League Points table|team={{IPL Teams 2|rcb }}}}

=== League progression ===
{{#invoke: IndianPremierLeagueProgression
|create
| L1, W6, L10, L15, L19, L24, L30, L36, W41, W45, W52, W58, W62, W68


| L72, E


|caption=League progression
|teams={{IPL Teams 1|rcb }}
|knockoutType=2
|matchesPerTeam=14
|matchReportArticle=2024 Indian Premier League}}

=== Fixtures and results ===
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}

{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match1}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match6}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match10}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match15}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match19}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match25}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match30}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match36}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match41}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match45}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match52}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match58}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match62}}
----
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match68}}

== Playoffs ==

=== Bracket ===
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|bracket}}

=== Eliminator ===
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match72}}

== Statistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Most runs<ref name="mr">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|tournament|id=indian-premier-league-2024-1410320|title=2024 Indian Premier League|stat=most runs|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref>
! scope=col | [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! scope=col | Player
|- style="background:#FF8C00"
! scope=row style="background:#FF8C00" | 741
| [[Virat Kohli]]
|-
! scope=row | 438
| [[Faf du Plessis]]
|-
! scope=row | 395
| [[Rajat Patidar]]
|-
! scope=row | 326
| [[Dinesh Karthik]]
|-
! scope=row | 255
| [[Cameron Green]]
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Most wickets<ref name="mw">{{ESPNcricinfo 2|tournament|id=indian-premier-league-2024-1410320|title=2024 Indian Premier League|stat=most wickets|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref>
! scope=col | [[Wicket]]s
! scope=col | Player
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2 | 15
| [[Yash Dayal]]
|-
| [[Mohammed Siraj]]
|-
! scope=row | 10
| [[Cameron Green]]
|-
! scope=row | 9
| [[Lockie Ferguson]]
|-
! scope=row | 7
| [[Karn Sharma]]
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.royalchallengers.com/}}
* [https://www.iplt20.com/teams/royal-challengers-bangalore {{IPL Teams 1|rcba }} on IPLT20 Website]

{{Royal Challengers Bangalore}}
{{2024 Indian Premier League}}



[[Category:2024 Indian Premier League|Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
[[Category:Royal Challengers Bengaluru seasons]]

Remington Gabil Momin

2025-09-13T18:59:16Z

Samyam517: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Remington Gabil Momin''' (born 1973)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Remington Gabil Momin(Independent(IND)):Constituency- RAMBRAI JYRNGAM (ST)(WEST KHASI HILLS) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Meghalaya2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6829 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Meghalaya]]. He is a member of the [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]] from [[Rambrai-Jyrngam (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rambrai-Jyrngam]] Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[West Khasi Hills district]]. He won the [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]] as an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Meghalaya Election Results 2023: Check full list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/meghalaya-election-results-2023-check-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-npp-bjp-congress-tmc-udp-2341598-2023-03-02 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Nongstoin, Rambrai-Jyrngam, Mawshynrut, Ranikor, Mawkyrwat Assembly Election Result 2023: Check out the winners |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/live-nongstoin-rambrai-jyrngam-mawshynrut-ranikor-mawkyrwat-assembly-election-result-2023-counting-winners-list-article-98340599 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Momin is from Sildubi village, West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members {{!}} Meghalaya Government Portal |url=https://meghalaya.gov.in/meghalaya-legislative-assembly/44278 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=meghalaya.gov.in}}</ref> He is the son of Ledison D Shira. He is a retired government employee and his wife is a teacher. He completed his MA in rural development in 2014 at [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]]. Earlier, he did his BEd at [[North-Eastern Hill University|North Eastern Hill University]], [[Shillong]] in 1996.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Momin won from [[Rambrai-Jyrngam (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rambrai-Jyrngam]] Assembly constituency as an [[independent politician]] in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election. He polled 9,057 votes and defeated his nearest rival, K. Phlastingwell Pangiang of the [[Hill State People's Democratic Party]], by a margin of 110 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remington Gabil Momin in Meghalaya Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/meghalaya/remington-gabil-momin-rambrai-jyrngam-candidate-s15a033c003/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Meghalaya Election Results 2023: Full list of constituency-wise winners of NPP, BJP, and others |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/politics/story/meghalaya-election-results-2023-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-of-npp-bjp-and-others-371960-2023-03-02 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS1533.htm?ac=33 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401162740/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS1533.htm?ac=33 |archive-date=1 April 2023 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=results.eci.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Momin, Remington Gabil}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from West Khasi Hills district]]
[[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]
[[Category:Indira Gandhi National Open University alumni]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]

Psychologs

2025-08-05T01:36:36Z

Samyam517: stub

{{Short description|Mental health magazine}}
{{excessive citations|date=January 2024}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title = Psychologs
| image_file = Psychologs-Logo.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_alt = Psychologs Magazine
| image_caption = Psychologs Magazine
| editor_title = Editor in Chief
| editor = Arvind Otta<ref>{{cite news |title="Psychologs magazine helped me change my perspective about mental health," says actor Rushad Rana |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/psychologs-magazine-helped-me-change-my-perspective-about-mental-health-says-actor-rushad-rana-1204182 |work=PINKVILLA |date=20 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Editorial Board |url=https://www.psychologs.com/editorial-board/ |website=Psychologs Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=साइकोलॉग्स मैगज़ीन में शामिल हुए देश के जाने माने मेन्टल हेल्थ एक्टिविस्ट, मनोचिकित्सक एवं मनोवैज्ञानिक |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/health-plus/news/mental-health-activist-of-the-country-joined-the-psychologs-magazine-1719402 |work=punjabkesari |date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
| staff_writer =
| photographer =
| category = Mental Health Magazine
| circulation =
| publisher = Utsaah Psychological Services Pvt. Ltd.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss And Nach Baliye Famed Star Bhakhtyar Irani Spotlights The Importance Of Mental Health |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/2022/bigg-boss-and-nach-baliye-famed-star-bhakhtyar-irani-spotlights-the-importance-of-mental-health-335077.html?story=2 |work=Filmibeat |date=25 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| country = [[India]]
| based = [[Delhi]]
| frequency = Monthly
| language = [[English language|English]]
| website = [https://psychologs.com/ Official Website]
| issn = 2583-4193
| oclc =
}}

'''''Psychologs''''' is a monthly [[mental health]] print magazine publishing in English in [[Delhi]], [[India]].<ref name="auto2">{{cite news |title=साइकोलॉग्स: मेंटल हेल्थ पर जागरूकता फैलाने वाली देश की अकेली मैगज़ीन |url=https://www.idiva.com/hindi/health/mental/psychologs-is-indias-only-psychology-magazine-in-hindi/18037355 |work=iDiva |date=14 July 2022 |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title=Psychologs' incredible effort towards Mental Health Awareness, read on |url=https://zeenews.india.com/health/psychologs-incredible-effort-towards-mental-health-awareness-read-on-2536572 |work=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rni.nic.in/registerdtitle_search/Regist_printOnlineCR.aspx?Reg=Ic8WOEcm8vS/+jOKqYuk1Q==|title=registration cr|website=rni.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magzter.com/share/mag/24950|title=PSYCHOLOGS Magazine - Get your Digital Subscription.|website=Magzter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ISSN-L 2583-4193 {{!}} Title of cluster (medium version) Psychologs {{!}} The ISSN Portal |url=https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN-L/2583-4193 |website=portal.issn.org}}</ref> Editorial board members and mental health experts from various institutions and hospitals write on various issues of mental health in detail.<ref name="auto2"/> The magazine focuses on mental health and well being and the rights of the mental health patient in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title="Myths and taboos related to mental health" |url=https://news24online.com/lifestyle/myths-and-taboos-related-to-mental-health/11643/ |website=News24 English |date=16 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Psychologs Magazine Promotes Mental Health to Lakhs of People and Creates New Hope {{!}} 🍏 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/psychologs-magazine-promotes-mental-health-to-lakhs-of-people-and-creates-new-hope-4024694.html |website=LatestLY |language=en |date=1 August 2022}}</ref> The magazine organizes programs on various psychological issues across the country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gautam |first1=Prateek |title=Psychologs Magazine conducted an event on careers in mental health to guide students |url=https://news24online.com/lifestyle/psychologs-magazine-conducted-an-event-on-careers-in-mental-health-to-guide-students/65088/ |work=News24 English |date=28 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="Patrika News">{{cite news |title=क्या आपका बच्चा भी है इंटरनेट एडिक्शन का शिकार तो लीजिए साइकोलॅाग्स की मदद {{!}} Help for Internet Addiction Victims Psychologs Magazine |url=https://www.patrika.com/meerut-news/help-for-internet-addiction-victims-psychologs-magazine-7877758/ |work=Patrika News |date=20 November 2022 |language=hi-IN}}</ref> It provides a platform for mental health professionals to share their knowledge, expertise and perspectives on various mental health topics with the general public through articles, interviews and columns. The magazine is seen as a reliable source on its topics in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=साइकोलॉग्स मैगज़ीन में शामिल हुए देश के जाने माने मेन्टल हेल्थ एक्टिविस्ट, मनोचिकित्सक एवं मनोवैज्ञानिक |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/health-plus/news/mental-health-activist-of-the-country-joined-the-psychologs-magazine-1719402 |work=punjabkesari |date=23 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>

== Circulation and readership ==
The magazine is available in both [[Printing|print]] and [[Digital printing|electronic]] versions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hungama |first1=Bollywood |title=Mental health awareness needs some more credible sources like Psychologs magazine: Rushad Rana : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mental-health-awareness-needs-credible-sources-like-psychologs-magazine-rushad-rana/ |date=7 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Print magazine's monthly circulation is 150,000 in India, with 12.25 readers per magazine, and the electronic magazine's monthly circulation is 20 lakh.<ref name="LatestLY">{{cite news |title=Psychologs Magazine Promotes Mental Health to Lakhs of People and Creates New Hope {{!}} LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/psychologs-magazine-promotes-mental-health-to-lakhs-of-people-and-creates-new-hope-4024694.html |work=LatestLY |date=1 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite news |title="Psychologs magazine helped me change my perspective about mental health," says actor Rushad Rana |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/psychologs-magazine-helped-me-change-my-perspective-about-mental-health-says-actor-rushad-rana-1204182 |work=PINKVILLA |date=20 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Financial crises and uncertainty can impact mental health: Study |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/financial-crises-and-uncertainty-can-impact-mental-health-psychologs-magazine/2895454/ |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> ''Psychologs'' magazine's directory for mental health professionals and rehabilitation professionals is widely used in India.<ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{cite news |title="Psychologs magazine" spreads awareness and empowers people on mental health |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/-psychologs-magazine-spreads-awareness-and-empowers-people-on-mental-health-news-204388 |access-date=17 January 2023 |agency=outlookindia}}</ref>

== Mental health awareness ==
The magazine organizes conferences, meetings and events to promote mental health and well-being.<ref name="LatestLY"/><ref name="Patrika News"/> Many Bollywood actors like ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' and ''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]'' actor [[Rushad Rana]], and ''[[Nach Baliye]]'' famed [[Bakhtiyaar Irani]] joined the mental health campaign of ''Psychologs'' magazine.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss And Nach Baliye Famed Star Bhakhtyar Irani Spotlights The Importance Of Mental Health |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/2022/bigg-boss-and-nach-baliye-famed-star-bhakhtyar-irani-spotlights-the-importance-of-mental-health-335077.html?story=2 |work=Filmibeat |date=25 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hungama |first1=Bollywood |title=Mental health awareness needs some more credible sources like Psychologs magazine: Rushad Rana : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mental-health-awareness-needs-credible-sources-like-psychologs-magazine-rushad-rana/ |date=7 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Psychologs Magazine launches a new initiative, "Utsaah", to make people aware of mental health |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/health/psychologs-magazine-launches-a-new-initiative-utsaah-to-make-people-aware-of-mental-health/ |work=Lokmat English |date=15 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Mental Health Award ==
''Psychologs'' distributes the Mental Health Award to people who are doing extraordinary work in the field of mental health awareness.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gaur |first1=Sudhanshu |title=मेन्टल हेल्थ आर्टिकल अवार्ड 2023 की हुई घोषणा, जानिए किसने मारी बाजी |url=https://www.indiatv.in/education/psychologs-magazine-announced-mental-health-article-award-2023know-who-won-2023-01-31-927232 |work=India TV Hindi |agency=India Tv |date=31 January 2023 |language=hi}}</ref>

== Notable contributors ==
*[[Jagannath Prasad Das (psychologist)|Jagannath Prasad Das]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Das |first1=Jagannath Prasad |title=Psychologs Magazine May 2022 issue: Mental Health Magazine |date=1 May 2022 |publisher=Utsaah Psychological Services Pvt. Ltd. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9l-EAAAQBAJ&dq=may+2022+psychologs+magazine&pg=PA3 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Girishwar Misra]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://psychologs.com/ Psychologs.com]

[[Category:Mental health in India]]
[[Category:Health magazines]]
[[Category:English-language magazines published in India]]

Kirar

2025-07-25T22:38:48Z

Samyam517: quick refined citations for accuracy additionally and added references based on references

{{Short description|Hindu caste}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
'''Kirar''' is a [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of cultivators.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Ganguly |first1=Sumit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgs1tFTh-JMC&dq=Kirar+caste&pg=PA74 |title=The State of India's Democracy |last2=Diamond |first2=Larry |last3=Plattner |first3=Marc F. |date=2007-09-10 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-8791-8 |page=74 |language=en}}</ref> They are categorized as an [[Other Backward Class]] (OBC) by the Government of India.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramaseshan |first=Radhika |date=29 January 2018 |title=BJP's Rajput CMs call out Karni Sena |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/bjps-rajput-cms-call-out-karni-sena/articleshow/62686518.cms |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |language=en |quote=By now, the people of Madhya Pradesh know that Chouhan is from the Kirar backward caste and was a beneficiary of the BJP’s “social engineering” agenda that fostered backward-caste leaders like him, Kalyan Singh and Narendra Modi in the post-Mandal era.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&dq=Kirar+caste&pg=PA263 |title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India |date=2010 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-04-7 |pages=263, 545 |language=en}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]], former [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite news |date=25 October 2009 |title=I am proud to have taken birth in Kirar Samaj — CM Shri Chouhan |url=http://www.bharateseva.com/bharat/l_news_detail.asp?id=959 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425114418/http://www.bharateseva.com/bharat/l_news_detail.asp?id=959 |archive-date=2012-04-25 |work=Bharat Seva}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
*[[Thakur Malkhan Singh]], former Uttar Pradesh Cabinet Minister<ref name="Brass">{{cite book |last1=Brass |first1=Paul R. |author-link1=Paul Brass |title=Factional Politics in an Indian State: The Congress Party in Uttar Pradesh |date=1965 |publisher=University of California Press |oclc=265371 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/factionalpolitic0000bras/page/89 89] |url=https://archive.org/details/factionalpolitic0000bras |url-access=registration |access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]

{{India-ethno-stub}}

Pariong Assembly constituency

2025-05-13T14:47:37Z

Samyam517: done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Meghalaya legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pariong
| type= SLA
| state = Meghalaya
| established = 1972
| abolished = 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 17,534
| mla = Dr. Adviser Pariong
| party = {{Party index link|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Pariong Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Meghalaya]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Hopingstone Lyngdoh || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan=2 | Tubarlin Lyngdoh || {{Full party name with color|Hill State People's Democratic Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || Hopingstone Lyngdoh
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=2 | Tubarlin Lyngdoh
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Irin Lyngdoh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Dr. Adviser Pariong || {{Full party name with color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pariong<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Adviser Pariong |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=8,225 |percentage=50.18% |change={{increase}}14.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Irin Lyngdoh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,199 |percentage=43.92% |change={{increase}}7.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lam Lyngdoh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=526 |percentage=3.21% |change={{decrease}}4.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ricardus Iawphniaw |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=308 |percentage=1.88% |change={{decrease}}0.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sranly Marwein |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=134 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,026 |percentage=6.26% |change= {{increase}}6.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,392 |percentage=93.49% |change= {{increase}}22.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,534 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.75 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}14.23 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pariong<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Irin Lyngdoh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,427 |percentage=35.95% |change={{increase}}15.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tubarlin Lyngdoh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=4,398 |percentage=35.71% |change={{decrease}}18.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manhun Thabah |party=Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement |votes=1,157 |percentage=9.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manstanry Kharsyntiew |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=909 |percentage=7.38% |change={{decrease}}3.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Komlin Lawriniang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=821 |percentage=6.67% |change={{increase}}5.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shanborlin Lyngdoh Nonglait |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=321 |percentage=2.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kwental Ryngad |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=282 |percentage=2.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29 |percentage=0.24% |change= {{decrease}}34.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,315 |percentage=71.47% |change= {{decrease}}1.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,233 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.19 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}18.55 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pariong<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tubarlin Lyngdoh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=6,393 |percentage=54.50% |change={{decrease}}8.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ricardus Iawphniaw |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,363 |percentage=20.14% |change={{decrease}}12.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Rockyer L. Nonglait |party=People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya) |votes=1,581 |percentage=13.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Queentina Diengdoh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,258 |percentage=10.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Endro Iawphniaw |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=136 |percentage=1.16% |change={{decrease}}2.38 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,030 |percentage=34.35% |change= {{increase}}3.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,731 |percentage=74.57% |change= {{decrease}}2.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,077 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.30 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}8.91 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pariong<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tubarlin Lyngdoh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=7,445 |percentage=63.41% |change={{decrease}}6.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Rockyer L. Nonglait |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,880 |percentage=33.05% |change={{increase}}10.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Darius Lyngkhoi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=416 |percentage=3.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,565 |percentage=30.36% |change= {{decrease}}17.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,741 |percentage=76.43% |change= {{increase}}3.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,564 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.71 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pariong<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hopingstone Lyngdoh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=6,436 |percentage=70.15% |change={{increase}}12.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Darius Lyngkhoi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,025 |percentage=22.07% |change={{increase}}14.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. E. Lyngkhoi |party=Hill People's Union |votes=554 |percentage=6.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thomline Caller Marngar |party=Independent politician |votes=159 |percentage=1.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,411 |percentage=48.08% |change= {{increase}}19.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,174 |percentage=73.56% |change= {{increase}}10.94 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,788 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}12.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pariong<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tubarlin Lyngdoh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=3,927 |percentage=57.80% |change={{decrease}}14.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Phrinlington Marngar |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,017 |percentage=29.69% |change={{increase}}20.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhatiar Singh Syiem |party=Indian National Congress |votes=490 |percentage=7.21% |change={{decrease}}11.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bricksius Marwein |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=225 |percentage=3.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Osarly Wahlang |party=Independent politician |votes=135 |percentage=1.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,910 |percentage=28.11% |change= {{decrease}}25.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,794 |percentage=62.50% |change= {{decrease}}5.85 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,175 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}14.60 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pariong<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tubarlin Lyngdoh |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=4,911 |percentage=72.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mak Thongni |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,251 |percentage=18.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Phrinlington Marngar |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=621 |percentage=9.16% |change={{decrease}}2.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,660 |percentage=53.96% |change= {{increase}}0.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,783 |percentage=67.77% |change= {{increase}}3.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,178 |ref = |change= {{increase}}57.99 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pariong<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hopingstone Lyngdoh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,890 |percentage=70.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mak Uhongni |party=Independent politician |votes=695 |percentage=17.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Loberndri Hoojon |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=467 |percentage=11.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Stanley Lyngdoh |party=Independent politician |votes=29 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,195 |percentage=53.79% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,081 |percentage=64.82% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,442 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord missing|Meghalaya}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Meghalaya-geo-stub}}

Chandi Charitar I

2025-01-16T19:01:01Z

Samyam517: done

{{Short description|Heroic poetic composition}}
{{Not to be confused with|Chandi Charitar II|Chandi Di Var}}
{{Infobox religious text|religion=[[Sikhism]]|verses=233<ref>{{cite book |last1='Makin' |first1=Gursharan Singh |title=Zafarnama: The Epistle of Victory |publisher=Lahore Book Shop |isbn=8176471798 |pages=13 |edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Singha |first1=H.S. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Over 1000 Entries) |date=2000 |publisher=Hemkunt Press |isbn=9788170103011 |pages=54}}</ref>|chapters=7 or 8|author=[[Guru Gobind Singh]]|next=Chandi Charitar II|previous=Bachitar Natak|subheader=[[Dasam Granth]]|period=1695|name=Chandi Charitar Ukti Bilas {{Small|ਚੰਡੀ ਚਰਿਤ੍ਰ ੳਕਤਿ ਬਿਲਾਸ}}|image=Folio of the Chandi Charitar Ukti Bilas (Chandi Charitar 1) Composition in the hand of Guru Gobind Singh.png|caption=Folio of the Chandi Charitar Ukti Bilas (Chandi Charitar 1) Composition in the hand of Guru Gobind Singh}}
{{Dasam Granth Sidebar}}

'''''Chandi Charitar Ukti Bilas''''' or '''''Chandi Charitar Ukat(i) Bilas''''' ({{langx|pa|ਚੰਡੀ ਚਰਿਤ੍ਰ ੳਕਤਿ ਬਿਲਾਸ|lit=enjoyment of the recitation of Chandi's deeds}}, pronunciation: {{IPA|pa|t͡ʃnɖi t͡ʃəɾɪt̪ɾə ukt̪ɪ bɪläːs|}}<ref name=":1">{{cite book |author=Robin Rinehart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qe6WnpbT2BkC&pg=PA106 |title=Debating the Dasam Granth |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-984247-6 |pages=27–28}}</ref>),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Dasam Granth - Facts and Beyond |url=https://www.deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=/images/SriDasamGranth.pdf |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=www.deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de |publisher=Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy |page=12}}</ref> also called '''Chandi Charitar 1''' (ਚੰਡੀ ਚਰਿਤ੍ਰ (ਭਾਗ ੧)<ref name=":1" />) or '''Chandi Charitar Part One''' is a heroic poetic composition, included as the 4th chapter of [[Dasam Granth]], whose authorship is generally and traditionally attributed to [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name="McLeod2005">[https://books.google.com/books?id=8-h8ptzp0lUC&q=dasam+granth Dasam Granth - An Introductory Study]</ref><ref name="SriDasamorg">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=175 |title=Sri Dasam.org - Website contain whole text of dasam granth |access-date=2010-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728053211/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=175 |archive-date=2011-07-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Though it is based on [[Markandeya Purana]], the direction and narration of whole story is independent of the Markandeya Purana.<ref>Chandi Di Vaar : Jeet Singh Sital</ref>

== Overview ==
The text follows the [[Bachitar Natak]] and is itself followed by [[Chandi Charitar II]].<ref name="SinghFenech2014p241" />

The text states it is retelling the ''[[Markandeya Purana]]'' story, where [[Durga]] fights a shape shifting buffalo demon [[Mahishasura]] and slays the evil demon and his companions.<ref name="SinghFenech2014p241">{{cite book |author1=Pashaura Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT242 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |author2=Louis E. Fenech |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-100412-4 |pages=241–243}}</ref> The names Chandi and Chandika are also used to refer to the ''[[devi]]'' (goddess).<ref name=":1" /> It is based specifically on the ''[[Devi Mahatmya|Durga Saptasati]]'' chapter of the Markandeya Purana''.''<ref name=":1" /> Chandi Charitar II repeats the same storyline in a shorter form.<ref name="SinghFenech2014p241" /><ref name=":1" />

Chandi Charitar Ukti Bilas is divided into eight cantos, and consists of 233 couplets and quatrains,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H.S. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2000 |isbn=9788170103011 |pages=43}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> employing seven different poetic metres, with [[Savaiyya|Savaiya]] and [[doha (poetry)|Dohara]] predominating. The source of the story mentioned is Durga ''Saptasati'', which is a portion of the [[Markandeya Purana]], from chapters 81 to 94.<blockquote>ਇਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਮਾਰਕੰਡੇ ਪੁਰਾਨੇ ਚੰਡੀ ਚਰਿਤ੍ਰ ਉਕਤਿ ਬਿਲਾਸ ਮਧਕੈਟਭ ਬਧਹਿ ਪ੍ਰਥਮ ਧਿਆਇ ॥੧॥

eit sree maaraka(n)dde puraane cha(n)ddee charitr ukat bilaas madhakaiTabh badheh pratham dhiaai ||1||

End of the First Chapter of ‘The Killing of Madhu and Kaitabh’ as described in Chandi Charitra Ukati of the Markandeya Purana.1.</blockquote>The language of the composition is [[Braj]]. Ukti Bilas was composed at [[Anandpur Sahib]], before 1698, the year when the [[Bichitra Natak]] was completed. The concluding lines from the last canto of Chandi Charitra Ukti Bilas in a [[Dasam Granth]] manuscript preserved at [[Patna]] mention 1752 Bk / AD 1695 as the year of completion.<ref name="SriDasamgranth.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.sridasamgranth.com/#/chandi-charitras/4526825498 |title=Intro Page - Sri Dasam Granth Sahib |accessdate=2011-07-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808112424/http://www.sridasamgranth.com/#/chandi-charitras/4526825498 |archivedate=2011-08-08 }}</ref>

Other related compositions include [[Chandi Charitar II]], Chandi Di Vaar, and Uggardanti.

== Contents ==
[[File:Chandi Charitar from an old manuscript of the Dasam Granth with Kattar outline.jpg|thumb|Chandi Charitar section from an old manuscript of the Dasam Granth. A 'kattar' (Indic push dagger) is visible due to the creative usage of ink colours by the scribe]]
{{main|Deh Siva Var Mohe}}
One of the most popular hymns in [[Sikhism]] is taken from Chandi Charitar Ukati Bilas:

{{poem quote|
{{lang|pa|ਦੇਹ ਸਿਵਾ ਬਰੁ ਮੋਹਿ ਇਹੈ ਸੁਭ ਕਰਮਨ ਤੇ ਕਬਹੂੰ ਨ ਟਰੋਂ ॥
ਨ ਡਰੋਂ ਅਰਿ ਸੋ ਜਬ ਜਾਇ ਲਰੋਂ ਨਿਸਚੈ ਕਰਿ ਅਪੁਨੀ ਜੀਤ ਕਰੋਂ ॥
ਅਰੁ ਸਿਖ ਹੋਂ ਆਪਨੇ ਹੀ ਮਨ ਕੌ ਇਹ ਲਾਲਚ ਹਉ ਗੁਨ ਤਉ ਉਚਰੋਂ ॥
ਜਬ ਆਵ ਕੀ ਅਉਧ ਨਿਦਾਨ ਬਨੈ ਅਤਿ ਹੀ ਰਨ ਮੈ ਤਬ ਜੂਝ ਮਰੋਂ ॥੨੩੧॥}}

{{lang|pa-deva|देह शिवा बर मोहे ईहे, शुभ कर्मन ते कबहूं न टरूं ।
न डरौं अरि सौं जब जाय लड़ौं निश्चय कर अपनी जीत करौं ।
अरु सिख हों आपने ही मन कौ इह लालच हउ गुन तउ उचरों ।
जब आव की अउध निदान बनै अति ही रन मै तब जूझ मरों ॥२३१॥}}

O Siva (epithet for [[Waheguru]]) grant me the boon, that I may never deviate from doing a good deed.
That I shall not fear when I go into combat.
And with determination I will be victorious.
That I may teach myself this greed alone, to learn only Thy praises.
And when the last days of my life come, I may die in the might of the battlefield.}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151212051909/http://archimedespress.co.uk/books Sri Dasam Granth Sahib: Questions and Answers: The book on Sri Dasam Granth Sahib]

== External links ==
*https://www.deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de/SriDasamGranth_de.php

{{Dasam Granth}}

[[Category:Dasam Granth]]

Ek Mutthi Aasmaan

2024-09-30T22:25:44Z

Samyam517: slightly correct citations and improved wording after review

#REDIRECT [[List of Hindi films of 1973]]

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{{R to related topic}}
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Lek Majhi Ladki

2024-08-06T17:34:16Z

Samyam517:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| director =
| writer =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Star Pravah]]
| num_episodes = 783
| producer =
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|05|02}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2018|10|21}}
| image = Lek Mazi Ladaki.jpeg
| image_alt =
| image_size =
| caption =
| creator =
| num_seasons =
| list_episodes =
| released =
| company =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| related =
| editor =
| location =
| theme_music_composer =
}}

'''''Lek Majhi Ladki''''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series that aired on [[Star Pravah]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-27|title='लेक माझी लाडकी’च्या महाएपिसोडमध्ये काय घडणार?|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/lek-majhi-ladki-marathi-serial-on-star-pravah-maha-episode-on-29-july-1720846/lite/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-15|title='ललित २०५’, ‘लेक माझी लाडकी’ आणि ‘छोटी मालकीण’ मालिकेचा महासंगम एपिसोड|url=https://m.lokmat.com/television/lalit-205-lek-majhi-ladki-and-choti-malkin-serial-huge-episodes/amp/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref> It stars Sayali Deodhar, Nakshatra Medhekar and [[Aishwarya Narkar]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's a list of Marathi daily soaps that raise voice against women exploitation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/heres-a-list-of-marathi-daily-soaps-that-raise-voice-against-women-exploitation/articleshow/63914333.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2021-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Don't miss out on the Mother's Day special surprise on Marathi TV|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/dont-miss-out-on-the-mothers-day-special-surprise-on-marathi-tv/articleshow/64134664.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2021-05-15}}</ref> It premiered from 2 May 2016 and ended on 21 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lek Mazi Ladaki hits double century|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/lek-majhi-ladki-hits-double-century/articleshow/56070020.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2021-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lek Mazi Ladaki completes 600 episodes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/lek-majhi-laadki-completes-600-episodes/articleshow/63612793.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2021-05-16}}</ref>

== Plot ==
It focuses on the relationship between a mother and her daughter. Iravati arranges for her daughter Sanika to be married to Saket. All's well with them until Sanika finds out about Meera, who lives in Saket's house. Iravati must come to terms with her feelings when she realizes that Meera is the daughter she had in her teens, whom she believed dead.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sayali Deodhar gets emotional as Lek Mazi Ladaki is set for its climax|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sayali-deodhar-gets-emotional-as-lek-mazjhi-ladki-is-set-for-its-climax/articleshow/66259455.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2021-05-16}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Sayali Deodhar as Meera Samant Kirtikar – Iravati and Aditya's daughter; Jaydev's step-daughter; Sushila's foster daughter; Sanika and Siddhant's half-sister; Saket's foster sister; Hrishikesh's ex-wife; Vijay's wife; Vedika's mother <ref>{{Cite web|title='लेक माझी लाडकी'तून घराघरांत पोहोचली ही ॲक्ट्रेस, आजींसोबत काढला सेल्फी|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/amp/news/BOL-MB-nakshtra-medhekar-in-marathi-serial-lek-mazi-ladki-5696742-PHO.html|access-date=2021-02-18|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Aishwarya Narkar]] as Prof. Iravati "Ira" Subhedar – Karnal and Sudha's daughter; Aditya's ex-lover; Jaydev's wife; Meera, Sanika and Siddhant's mother; Vedika's grandmother <ref>{{Cite web|title=Siddhant ends his relationship with Meera|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/siddhant-and-meera-are-over/articleshow/53652034.cms|access-date=2021-02-18|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Nakshatra Medhekar as Sanika "Sanu" Subhedar Choudhary – Iravati and Jaydev's daughter; Siddhant's sister; Meera's half-sister; Saket's wife <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘लेक माझी लाडकी’ मालिका रंजक वळणावर|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/lek-mazhi-ladki-marathi-serial-on-star-pravah-new-twist-1712295/lite/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>

=== Recurring ===
* Vikas Patil as Saket Choudhary – Sushila's son; Meera's foster brother; Sanika's husband<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hrishi re-enters Meera's life|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lek-mazhi-ladki-hrishi-re-enters-meeras-life/articleshow/63680466.cms|access-date=2021-02-18|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Avinash Narkar as Jaydev Subhedar – Iravati's husband; Sanika and Siddhant's father; Meera's step-father; Vedika's step-grandfather <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lek Mazi Ladaki is set for a maha-episode|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/lek-mazhi-ladki-is-set-for-a-maha-episode/articleshow/65160144.cms|access-date=2021-02-18|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Varad Chavan as Adv. Vijay Kirtikar – Siya's brother; Meera's lawyer and husband; Vedika's step-father
* Chetan Vadnere as Siddhant Subhedar – Iravati and Jaydev's son; Sanika's brother; Meera's half-brother
* Pradeep Welankar as Karnal – Sudha's husband; Iravati's father; Meera, Sanika and Siddhant's grandfather
* Rajani Welankar as Sudha – Karnal's wife; Iravati's mother; Meera, Sanika and Siddhant's grandmother
* Uma Sardeshmukh as Sushila Choudhary – Saket's mother; Meera's foster mother
* [[Sunil Barve]] as Aditya Samant – Iravati's ex-lover; Meera's father; Vedika's grandfather
* Ashutosh Kulkarni as Hrishikesh "Hrishi" Agnihotri – Vatsala and Vishwas's son; Meera's ex-husband; Vedika's father
* Smita Saravade / Pournima Talwalkar as Vatsala Agnihotri – Vishwas's wife; Hrishikesh's mother; Vedika's grandmother
* Siddhi Karkhanis as Rashmi
* Prasad Pandit as Lokhande
* Poornima Ahire as Chanda
* Shantanu Moghe as Satya
* Harsha Gupte

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" |Language
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" |Title
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" |Original release
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" |Network(s)
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" |Last aired
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;" |Notes
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''[[Kumkumapoovu]]'' കുങ്കുമപ്പൂവ്
|31 January 2011
|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|1 February 2014
|Original
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Aval (TV series)|Aval]]'' அவல்
|7 November 2011
|[[Star Vijay]]
|16 March 2013
|rowspan="4"|Remake
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''Amma'' ಅಮ್ಮಾ
|1 February 2016
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|25 February 2017
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|''Lek Majhi Ladki'' लेक माझी लाडकी
|2 May 2016
|[[Star Pravah]]
|22 October 2018
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''[[Kumkuma Puvvu]]'' కుంకుమ పువ్వు
|18 July 2016
|[[Star Maa]]
|26 April 2024
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt12657920}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/lek-mazhi-ladki/8715 ''Lek Majhi Ladki''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]

Rattadi

2024-05-31T06:02:26Z

Samyam517: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Kundapur]]

{{R cat shell|
{{R from related topic}}
}}

Jaleswar Mahotsav

2024-01-25T03:56:31Z

Samyam517: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Jaleswar]]

Shekhupur Mandanpur

2024-01-18T20:20:05Z

Samyam517: made basic data from scratch - done

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shekhupur Mandanpur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Tundla block Shekhupur Mandanpur.png
| map_caption = Map showing Shekhupur Mandanpur in Tundla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.336737|N|78.2960411|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tundla]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.975
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3286
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 207302
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shekhupur Mandanpur''' ({{IAST|Śekhūpur Maṇḍanpur}}) is a village in [[Tundla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It was formerly part of [[Etah district]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 3,286, in 515 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Shekhupur Mandanpur had a population of 3,286, in 515 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|85}} This population was 53.8% male (1,767) and 46.2% female (1,519). The 0-6 age group numbered 461 (230 male and 231 female), making up 14.0% of the total population. 864 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 26.3% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|92-3}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Shekhupur Mandanpur (as "Shekhupur Madanpur") as having a population of 1,846 people (1,036 male and 810 female), in 332 households and 314 physical houses. It was then counted as part of [[Jalesar]] block and tehsil in [[Etah district]].<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Series 22 Part XIII-B: District Etah |date=1983 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/44721/download/48394/1981_DCHB_UP_ETAH.pdf |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>{{rp|128-9}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Shekhupur Mandanpur (as "Sheikhupur Mandanpur") as comprising 5 hamlets, with a total population of 1,356 people (760 male and 596 female), in 208 households and 192 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,249 acres. It was then counted as part of Jalesar block and tehsil in Etah district.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (23 - Etah District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28468/download/31650/21853_1961_ETA.pdf |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>{{rp|Lii}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Shekhupur Mandanpur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village did had a post and telegraph office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|85-90}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Mohammadi, Firozabad

2024-01-17T19:10:15Z

Samyam517: put up a article nd citations!

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Other uses|Mohammadi (disambiguation){{!}}Mohammadi}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mohammadi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Tundla block Mohammadi.png
| map_caption = Map showing Mohammadi in Tundla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.29496|N|78.32409|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tundla]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4.637
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4507
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283204
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mohammadi''' ({{IAST|Mohammadī}}) is a village in [[Tundla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 4,507, in 680 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Mohammadi had a population of 4,507, in 680 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|85}} This population was 52.7% male (2,375) and 47.3% female (2,132). The 0-6 age group numbered 718 (390 male and 328 female), making up 15.9% of the total population. 1,709 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 37.9% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|92–3}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Mohammadi as having a population of 2,687 people (1,473 male and 1,214 female), in 444 households and 442 physical houses. It was then counted as part of [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|184–5}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Mohammadi as comprising 6 hamlets, with a total population of 2,601 people (1,398 male and 1,203 female), in 444 households and 326 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,545 acres and it had a post office and medical practitioner at that point. It was then counted as part of Kotla block.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Mohammadi had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|85–90}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]