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History of Idar

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{tone|date=March 2022}}
'''[[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]]''' is a town in [[Sabarkantha district]] located in northern [[Gujarat]], India. Recorded in epic history, this town was ruled by the [[Bhil|Bhil tribe]] and descendants of [[Maitraka]] of [[Vallabhi]], with its history traced back to the 7th century. The region was ruled by Rajput clans. Initially, Parihar Rajput refounded Idar and ruled until its chief died in the [[Second Battle of Tarain]] in 1192.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} It was then ruled by a [[Koli People|Koli]] chieftain named Hathi Sora, who was succeeded by his son Samalio. The Rathod clan's prince, Sonangji, defeated the former ruler and assumed control, establishing the Rao dynasty that would govern the region for numerous generations. After numerous changes of fortune and many struggles with the Muslim rulers of Gujarat, the Rao rulers left Idar. In 1728, they were succeeded by the [[Rathor Dynasty|Rathod dynasty]] from [[Marwar]]. They ruled [[Idar State]] for generations and became part of the [[Mahi Kantha]] agency under British rulers. Following the independence of India in 1947, Idar became part of the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] and later the [[Republic]] of [[India]].

==Legends==
Idar is first known in tradition as '''Ilvadurg''', the residence in the [[Dvapara Yuga]], or third age according to many [[myth]]s of [[Hinduism]], of Elvan the [[Rakshasa]], and his brother Vatapi. These demons who harassed and laid waste to the surrounding country were at last destroyed by the seer [[Agastya]]. The town is mentioned in [[Mahabharata]] and Bhavishottar Puran as 'Ilvadurg'. In the [[Kali Yuga]], or present age, when [[Yudhishthira]] was ruling over [[Hastinapur]] at the end
of the [[Kurukshetra War]] of Mahabharata, Veni Vachh Raj ruled in Idar. He owned a magic gold figure which gave him money for building the Idar fortress and reservoirs.<ref name="Inamdar1936">{{cite book|author=P. A. Inamdar|title=Some Archaeological Finds in the Idar State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7U9AAAAIAAJ|year=1936|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Idar State|page=9}}</ref><ref name="Jaipur1967">{{cite book|author=Man Singh (Maharaja of Jaipur)|title=A history of the Indian state forces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zso8AQAAIAAJ|year=1967|publisher=Orient Longmans}}</ref> Veni Vachh Raj's queen was a Nagputri, the daughter of one of the Snake Kings of the under world. After a period of contented coexistence, while seated in an oriental window in Idargadh, a funeral procession passed by, with mourners in tow. Inquiring about the nature of the procession, the Rani was informed that one of the individuals had died, prompting her to remark, "Let us depart from a place where lives are lost." Subsequently, both the Rani and the king journeyed to the hill of Taran Mata. They ventured into a crevice in the rock, near the present-day site of goddess worship, disappearing from sight forever. Then the land lay desolate for many years.<ref name=ggbx>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Pálanpur, and Mahi Kántha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lr4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA400|year=1880|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=400–403}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name=ghj>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Pálanpur, and Mahi Kántha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lr4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA437|year=1880|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=434–435}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==Early history==
The first clear tradition shows Idar in the possession of Bhils. When [[Vallabhi]] fell in 770, Pushpavati or Kamalavati, one of the queens of [[Maitraka]] king Shiladitya, was at the Arasur shrine of Amba Bhavani at [[Ambaji]], fulfilling a vow, for the goddess had heard her prayer and she was with child. On her way back Pushpavati heard that Vallabhi had fallen and that she was a widow. Taking refuge in a mountain cave, she gave birth to a son, whom she named Gruhaditya or 'Goha', the Cave-born. Leaving the baby in the charge of a Brahman woman, and telling her to bring him up as one of her own sons but to marry him to a Rajput's daughter, she committed [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] by mounting the funeral pile. Idar was then in the hands of the Bhils, and the young Goha, leaving his Brahman mother, took to the woods with the Bhils, and, by his daring, won their hearts. One day the Bhils in sport choosing a king, the choice fell on Goha, and one 'of the children of the forest' cutting his finger rubbed the blood on Goha's forehead as the sovereign mark, tilak. Thus Goha, the son of Shiladitya, became lord of the forests and mountains of Idar. His descendants are said to have ruled for seven generations, till the Bhils tired of strangers, attacked and slew Nagaditya or Aparajita, the eighth prince of the line. His infant son [[Bappa Rawal]], then only three years old, was saved to become, twelve years later (974), the founder of the [[Mewar dynasty]]. Then the city fell into ruins.<ref name=ggbx/><ref name="Naravane1999">{{cite book|author=M. S. Naravane|title=The Rajputs of Rajputana: A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lF0FvjG3GWEC&pg=PA24|year=1999|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-118-2|pages=24–}}</ref><ref name="Wright1922">{{cite book|author=Arnold Wright|title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riBJH0J1FR0C&pg=PA120|year=1922|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-1965-4|pages=120–}}</ref>

The Chinese pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] (640) mentions a place which he calls ''O-clia-li'', the Chinese way of writing Vadali, a village nearby. British General Cunningham identified this place with Idar. He further noted that in the eleventh century Vadali or Vadari was the capital of a family of chiefs claiming descent from Raja Bhara Gupta, whom the General believed to be the same as the above-mentioned Bappa.

===Parihar Rajput rule===
Some time after, a band of [[Parihar (clan)|Parihar]] Rajputs, from [[Mandovar]] in Marwar, binding the garland upon its gates, refounded Idar, and ruled there for several generations. In the time of one of these Parihar rulers, Amarsingh by name, the Raja of [[Kanauj]], performing a sacrifice in honour of his daughter's marriage, sent letters of invitation to the neighbouring kings. Idar was then subject to [[Chittor]], and Samarsinh Rawal of Chitor, invited by his brother-in-law Prithviraj to accompany him to the marriage, summoned his vassal Amarsingh to attend him. The Parihar chieftain, with his son and a body of five thousand horse, went to Chittor, and took part with [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], king of Delhi, against the [[Ghurid Sultanate]] and was killed in the [[second battle of Tarain|Battles of Tarain]] (1193). When the news reached Idar, many of the queens cast themselves from the steep cliff to the north of the town, still known as the 'Ranis' Leap' or 'Murder Hill'. Idar then fell into the hands of a [[Kolis|Koli]] named Hathi Sora who was succeeded by his son Samalio.<ref name=ggbx/>

==Rao rule (1257–1300)==
Driven south by the Muslims, the [[Rathores]], about the end of the twelfth century, under the guidance of Siyoji, the grandson of Jaychand of Kanauj, established themselves in the sandy deserts of [[Marwar]]. Siyoji's second son, Sonangji, repaired to the court of [[Anhilwad Patan]], whose sovereign, probably Bhim Dev II (1177-1215) of [[Chaulukya dynasty]], assigned him the fief of Sametra in the district of [[Kadi, India|Kadi]]. And not many years after the Rathods won for themselves the fort aud lands of Idar in 1257. The local story of this conquest is, that Samalio Sora by his tyranny roused his subjects' discontent. His chief adviser, a Nagar Brahmin, had a beautiful daughter, whom Samalio demanded in marriage. The father, not daring to refuse, begged half a year's delay. This was granted, and in the interval he paid a visit to Sametra, and after introducing himself to Sonangji, asked him if he was bold enough to take Idar. Sonangji agreed to try, and the Brahmin, returning home, declared that he was making preparations for the marriage and was assembling his relations. By twos and threes a hundred carriages, supposed to contain Brahmin women, brought to the minister's mansion the Rathod warriors and their leader. The minister at length gave out that all was ready, and asked Samalio and his relations to the feast. After the arrival of the bridegroom and his party, intoxicating drugs and liquor were freely served, and, on the minister's ordering his servants to bring the second course, the Rajputs rushed forward and surrounded the banquet hall. Samalio strove to cut his way through his enemies and regain the fortress, but, within a short distance of the gate of Idargadh, fell mortally wounded. When Sonangji came to the spot where he lay dying, Samalio, raising himself for the last time, made the royal mark on the victorious Rathod's brow, and with his dying breath begged that each Rathod Rao on mounting the royal cushion should be marked with the tilak by a Sora, who should draw the blood from his own right hand, and say 'May the kingdom of Samalio Sora flourish.' Spots on the ascent to Idargad, still pointed to as Samalio's blood stains, are marked by the Hindus with vermilion on [[Kali Chaudas]] and other days on which [[Hanuman]] is worshipped. Later when a descendant of Sonangji when took charge of the lands of his ancestors in their last retreat at Polo, a [[Koli People|Koli]] of Sarvan marked his forehead with blood in token of his unsurrendered title to Samalio's domains. For the next four generations the Idar territories remained unchanged. Then Ranmal, the fifth in descent from Sonangji, took from a Yadav family the country called the Bhagar between Idar and [[Mewar]].<ref name=ggbx/>

==Rao during Muslim rule (1300–1731)==

===During Delhi Sultanate===
During this time Muslim power had spread over Gujarat, and Idar had been forced to acknowledge its supremacy. According to one account Muzaffar, one of [[Alauddin Khalji]]'s general took Idar, and it seems probable that Idar was unable to avoid sharing in the general submission enforced by Alph Khan in the early years of the fourteenth century (1300–1317). [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], about forty years later, on entering Gujarat to quell a revolt, first turned his arms against the chiefs of the northeast frontier, and Idar was probably included in the settlement of the province, a work on which he spent the next three years (1347 - 1350). Under the weaker rulers that followed Tughluq, Idar would seem to have been left unmolested.<ref name=ggbx/>

===During Gujarat Sultanate===
Near the close of the 13th century, Zafar Khan, later known as [[Muzaffar Shah I]], founded [[Gujarat Sultanate]]. In 1393, the Idar chief refused to pay his tribute. The governor invaded his fort, and after a long siege, forciedthe garrison to surrender and extorted a large payment of money and jewels. Five years later (1398) Zafar Khan, determining to reduce Idar, besieged the fort and laid the country waste. While the garrison held out, news came of [[Timur]]'s victory against [[Tughlaq dynasty]] of Delhi, and concluding a peace with Ranmal, Zafar Khan returned to [[Patan, Gujarat|Anhilwad Patan]] (1401). After three years, according to one account, he again marched to levy the tribute of Idar when the chief fled to [[Visnagar|Visalnagar]] leaving Zafar Khan to occupy his capital. If this account is correct the Idar chief must soon after have been restored, for, in the revolt that followed tho death of Muzaffar Shah (1411), two of the rebels, Moiduddin Firoz Khan the cousin, and Masti Khan the uncle of Sultan [[Ahmed Shah I]] who founded [[Ahmedabad]], were aided by Ranmal the Idar chief, and took refuge in his fortress. Ahmad Shah I sending troops against the rebels forced them to flee to [[Nagor]], and Rao Ranmal despairing of success made peace with the king by surrendering his horses, elephants, and other war materials (1414). About thirteen years later (1426), Ahmed Shah I again marched against Idar, defeated the force brought to meet him, and drove Rao Punja, the successor of Ranmal, to the hills. Idar was difficult to subdue, for, when his country was threatened, the chief could retire to his hills where he could not easily be followed. As a permanent check on his movements Ahmed Shah I, in 1427, built the fort of Ahmednagar, later known as [[Himmatnagar]], on the banks of the [[Hathmati River]]. In the following year, on 29 February 1428,<ref name="n301">{{cite web | last=Misra | first=S. C. | title=The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat | url=https://ia601902.us.archive.org/15/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.111119/2015.111119.The-Rise-Of-Muslim-Power-In-Gujarat_text.pdf | access-date=2 December 2025 | page=219}}</ref> during a frontier foray, Rao Punja, repulsed and pursued by the Muslim cavalry, gallopped towards Idar, and, as he passed along a path at the edge of a ravine, his horse shied, and, falling into the chasm below, killed his rider. After Rao Punja's death, Ahmed Shah I marched on Idar and did not return till Punja's son Narandas had agreed to pay a yearly tribute of £300 (Rs. 3000). Next year Narandas failing to pay his tribute, Ahmed Shah again marched to Idar, and, on 14 November, stormed one of
the chief forts in the province, probably Idargadh, and built in it a magnificent mosque.<ref name=ggbx/>

In 1445 Muhammad Shah II, the son and successor of Ahmed Shah, marched against Rao Bhan, the brother and successor of Narandas, who by the Muslims is called Bir or Vir Rai. The Rao appears to have remained quiet during the reign of [[Mahmud Begada]], as, from 1459 to 1513 no mention is made of any expedition against him. Rao Bhan left two sons, Surajmal and Bhim. Surajmal ruled for only eighteen months, leaving a son Raimalji, whose place was, in his minority, usurped by his uncle Bhim. In 1514 Rao Bhim defeated Ain-ul-mulk, governor of [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]], who on his way to [[Ahmedabad]] had turned aside to attack the Rao. Advancing with a great army he found Idar abandoned, and destroyed it. At this time Muzaffar Shah II was anxious to advance into [[Malwa]], and, on receiving a large sum of money, made peace with the Rao. Rao Bhim, on his death, was succeeded by his son Bharmal, who soon after was deposed by [[Rana Sanga]] of [[Chittor]], whose daughter was married to Raimal the son of Surajmal. In 1515 Bharmal sought the aid of Sultan Muzaffar, and he sending Nizam-ul-mulk, one of his chief officers, replaced Bharmal as ruler of Idar. Raimal did not despair, and two years after again appearing in Idar, defeated a Muhammadan officer Zehr-ul-mulk, the Jher Khan of Hindu tradition. Soon after this Raimal died, and Bharmal became the undisputed chief. But his capital remained in the hands of the Muslims. In 1519 in the presence of Mubariz-ul-mulk, governor of Idar, someone praised the bravery of Rana Sanga of Chittor. Mubariz, to show his contempt, ordered a dog to be tied to the gate of the Idar fort, and to be called Rana Sanga. Hearing of this insult, Rana Sanga marched against Idar. Mubariz having only 900 men retired to Ahmednagar, and Sanga taking Idar and marching against Ahmednagar defeated Mubariz and plundered the town. In the next year (December 1520) Sultan Muzaffar marched on Idar and again took it. During the Muslim occupation of their capital, the Raos are said to have lived at Sarvan, the village held by the descendants of Samalio Sora, formerly in Idar and later in Mewar. The Muslims do not seem to have held Idar for any length of time. Rao Bharmal again occupied his capital and was twice attacked by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat Sultanate in 1528 and in 1530. The second expedition seems to have reduced Rao Bharmal to obedience, as mention is made that in 1530 Bahadur led an army into [[Bayad]] and the kings of Idar and [[Dungarpur]] were present and served in his camp. Dying in 1543, Bharmal was succeeded by Punjaji. During Punjaji's time the power of the Gujarat Sultanate greatly declined, and, as he is never mentioned, the Idar chief probably left in almost complete independence. Afterwards in the reigns of the last Gujarat Sultanate kings (1540-1572), the Rao of Idar was freed from the demand of tribute on agreeing to serve with 2000 horse. Punjaji was succeeded by his son Narandas, a great ascetic, who lived only on grain that had first been eaten by cows.<ref name=ggbx/>

===During Mughal Empire===
Later Ahmedabad fell to [[Mughal Empire]]. In 1573, Narandas took part in the revolt against Khan Aziz Koka, the Mughal governor of Gujarat. This revolt was checked by [[Akbar]] in person, and, in 1575 and again in 1576, expeditions were sent against Idar. In the last of these the Rao fled, and Idar fell into the Akbar's hands. Following his usual policy, Akbar, asking for no more than an admission of his supremacy, restored the Rao to his state and made him a commander of 2000 infantry and 500 cavalry. Rao Narandas was succeeded by Viramdev, a favourite hero with the bards. Viramdev left no son, and, in supersession of his elder brother Gopaldas, was succeeded by his brother Kalianmal. Going to Delhi, Gopaldas took service with the Emperor in the hope of being helped to regain Idar. At length, advancing at the head of an array, he took possession of Mandva, planning from there an advance on Idar. While at Mandva, Lai Mia, the Muslim landlord of that place, fell on him, and Gopaldas, with fifty-two Rajputs, was slain.<ref name=ggbx/>

When he went to Delhi, Gopaldas left his family at the hamlet of a cowherd named Valo. On growing up Gopaldas' sons made the hamlet their headquarters, calling it [[Valasna]] after the cowherd, and gradually encroached on the country round till their lands included the estates of great and little Valasna. At the same time Kalianmal, the ruler of Idar, conquered from Mewar the districts of Panavda, Pahari, Javas, Jora, Pathia, Valecha and others that had been brought under Mewar in the reign of Viramdev. Kalianmal was succeeded by his son Rao Jagannath. During Kalianmal's rule two political parties had been formed, one including the proprietors of Vasai, Mondeti, and Kariadaru supported by tho chiefs of Poshina and Derol; and the other including Garibdas, the [[Rehvar]] Thakor of [[Ranasan State|Ranasan]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranasan Princely State |date=1802 |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/ranasan}}</ref> the chief Muslim Kasbatis of Idar, and Motichand Shah, proprietor of Vadali. In these times (about 1650) the Mughal governors of Gujarat began to levy the Idar tribute more regularly than before, and Vetal Bharot of Baroda was the Emperor's security for the Idar chiefs. This security became in time his creditor for so large an amount that the determined to get rid of him, and bringing a charge of fornication against him, drove him out of Idar. Upon this Vetal going to Delhi sought tho Emperor's help, promising to bring Idar into his hands. The Emperor ordered [[Murad Baksh]], then Viceroy of Ahmedabad, (1654–1657), to help Vetal with 5000 horse. The Rao's agent at the court of Delhi sent word of the threatened danger. But on Vetal's assurance that the rumour was false, the Rao made no preparation. Soon after, Murad Baksh appeared, and, the Rao retiring to Pol, Idar was taken without a blow (1656). Placing a Muslim officer Syed Hatho in command, Prince Murad continued the Idar ministers in the management of affairs. Soon after, in his retreat at Pol, Rao Jagannath died.<ref name=ggbx/>

His son Punja, then a minor, went to Delhi to receive investiture, but failing by the rivalry of the [[Jaipur]] king, fled in disguise and joined his mother at [[Udaipur]]. Helped by the Rana of Udaipur, Rao Punja, in 1658, won back Idar, where he lived, placing his Ranis and treasure at Sarvan. Poisoned after ruling for about six months, he was succeeded by his brother Arjundas, who while attacking Kanasan was slain by the [[Rehvar|Rehvars]]. On Arjundas' death, Rao Jagannath's brother Gopinath began plundering as far as Ahmedabad, and was bought off by Syed Hatho, the Muslim governor, by money payments. Pol Raos still levied from Idar. Syed Hatho was replaced by Kamal Khan, an indolent man whom Rao Gopinath drove out, and, regaining Idar, held it for five years (1664). Garibdas [[Rehvar]], who was at the head of a party in Idar, fearing that Gopinath would take vengeance for Arjundas, brought an army from Ahmedabad to drive him out. The Rao fled to the hills and died for want of opium of which he was accustomed to take a pound and a quarter a day. The affairs of Idar now fell into the hands of Motichand Shah, proprietor of Vadali, and the proprietor of Vasai, Garibdas being the chief minister. In 1679 Karansingh, Gopinath's son, drove out tho Muslim garrison from Idar and regained possession of his capital. Shortly after, Muhammad Amin Khan and Muhammad Bahlol Khan retook Idar, the chief flying to Sarvan where he stayed till his death.<ref name=ggbx/>

Karansingh had two sons, Chando or Chandrasing, and Madhavsing. Madhavsing took possession of Verabar, which his descendants held it until independence of India. For several years Idar remained in the hands of a Muslim garrison commanded by Muhammad Bahlol Khan. In 1696 Chandrasing began to make raids on the Idar territory, and in 1718 the proprietors of Vasai having driven out the Muslim garrison, brought him back to Idar. His soldiers getting clamorous for their pay he gave Sardarsingh of Valasna as security, and entrusting tho government to him retired to Pol. Putting the ruler a Parihar Rajput to death, he seated himself on the royal cushion and founded the present ruling family of Pol. At Idar, after for a time ruling in Chandrasingh's name, Sardarsingh was raised to the chief ship; but afterwards quarrelling with the Kasbatis he had to retire to Valasna.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

==Marwar dynasty rule (1731–1948)==
{{Main article|Idar State}}
[[File:Idar State Royal Family Tree 1900.jpg|400px|thumb|Genealogical tree of the current Idar State royal family, as of 1900]]
Bacha Pandit then ruled in Idar till in 1731 he was driven out by Maharajas Anandsinh and Raisinh, brothers of Maharaja [[Abhai Singh of Marwar|Abhai Singh of Jodhpur]]. Of the succession of the Jodhpur chiefs of the Rathod clan two stories are told; one that they were called in by the Idar ministers; the other that they had been in revolt against their brother, the Maharaja Abhai Singh, Viceroy of Gujarat, and had been pacified by the grant of Idar.<ref name=ggbx/>

In 1734 Jawan Mard Khan, one of the leading Gujarat Muslim nobles, marched on Idar. Anandsingh and Raisingh sought the aid of Malhar Rao Holkar and Ranoji Scindia, who were at this time in Malwa. The Maratha chiefs at once marched to their help, and Jawan Mard Khan, who found himself opposed to an overwhelming army, was forced to agree to pay a sum of £17,500 (Rs. 1,75,000). At tho close of the rainy season of 1738, Momin Khan (1738–1743) tho Governor of Gujarat came to Idar and levied tribute from the chiefs of Mohanpur and Ranasan. This tribute Anandsingh and Raisingh claimed as being within tho limits of their own territory. But tho dispute was amicably settled, Raisingh, at Momin Khan's request, remaining with him, and Momin Khan agreeing to pay his men's expenses. In 1741 Rangoji, the Maratha chief, induced Raisingh to leave Momin Khan and join his service, but Momin soon detached Raisingh from this alliance by conferring on him the districts of [[Modasa]], [[Kankrej]], Ahmednagar, [[Prantij]], and Harsol. Next year (1742) the [[Rehvar]] Rajputs attacked and took Idar killing the chief Raja Anandsingh. On hearing of this, his brother Raisingh, taking leave from Momin Khan, went to Idar, attacked and drove out the [[Rehvar]]s, and placing Anandsingh's son, Shivsingh, a boy of six years on the throne, himself acted as minister. Raisingh died in 1750 or 1751 or 1765.

During the Maratha and Mughal struggles which ended in the Maratha capture of Ahmedabad in 1757, Shivsing would seem to have sided with tho Mughals, and to have been, as a punishment, forced to give up Prantij, Bijapur, and his halves of Modasa, Bayad, and Harsol. About the year 1766 the Gaekwad army under Appa Saheb came to Idar and demanded from Shivsingh half of the territory of Idar as belonging to his uncle Raisingh who had died without heir. Shivsingh tried to avoid compliance, but was in the end compelled to write over a half share of the revenues of tho state. In 1778 the Peshwa's deputy at Ahmedabad, with the help of the brother of Surajmal, one of the Idar proprietors who had been put to death by the eldest son of Shivsingh, levied a tax in the Idar districts named ''ghanim ghoda vero'' or the robbers' cess. Thirteen years later Shivsingh died (1791) leaving five sons, Bhavanisingh, Sagramsingh, Zalimsingh, Amirsingh, and Indrasingh. His eldest son Bhavanising succeeded him, but dying after twelve days was succeeded by his son Gambhirsingh, then thirteen years old. Shortly after Gambhirsing's accession his uncles conspired to murder him, but the plot was found out and they were ordered to leave Idar. Sagramsingh retired to Ahmednagar, and Zalimsingh and Amirsingh for whom no provision had been made by their father took possession of the Bayad and Modasa sub-divisions. In 1795 the three brothers made a joint foray into the Idar districts, and Gambhirsingh, meeting them and being worsted, had to enter into agreements very disadvantageous to him. The brothers were allowed to keep not only tho two sub-divisions they had seized, but several other tracts including Davar, Arora, Viravada, Senol, Gabat, and the Sabarkantha tribute. These lands were taken possession of by Zalimsingh, on who so death his childless widow adopted a younger son of the Ahmednagar family. In 1801 the Koli chiefs of Gadvada were attacked and defeated by a Muslim force from [[Palanpur State]]. The chiefs applied to Gambhirsingh, but he was unable to give them any help. Next year the Gaekwad's revenue-collecting force came from [[Kathiawar]], and encamping at [[Siddhpur]], summoned Gambhirsingh to pay tribute arrears. Whilst at Siddhpur Gambhirsingh, by the promise of an increase in the tribute, induced the commander of the Gaekwad's force to help him in driving out the Muslims from Gadhvada. After some difficulty the tribute was settled at tho sum of £2400 (Rs. 24,000), and its name changed from tho robber-horse, ''ghanam ghoda'', to the grass and grain, ''ghas–dana'', cess. The [[Koli People|Koli]] chiefs on their restoration to Gadhvada wrote over a third share of their revenues in Idar's favour. In 1804 the Thakor of Ghadhvada, a Rehvar chief, was murdered by his brother. Gambhirsingh helped the Thakor's son to avenge his father's death, and two-fifths of the produce of Ghadhvada were written over to Idar and afterwards assigned to Indrasingh. Gambhirsingh, in 1808, attacked Virahar, a cadet of the Pol family, also Temba a [[Koli People|Koli]] village, and the villages of Navargam and Berna belonging to the Rana of [[Danta, Banaskantha|Danta]], from all of which he compelled the payment of tribute, ''khichdi''. Rao Ratansingh of Pol was also obliged to enter into a similar security. Next year Gambhirsingh again sallied out and collected tribute from the Koli villages of Karcha, Samera, Dehgamri, Vangar, Vandeol, and Khuski, the last a Rajput possession. He subsequently spread his levies over the [[Rehvar]] estates of [[Sardoi]], [[Mohanpur State|Mohanpur]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |date=1854 |title=Mohanpur (Princely State) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/mohanpur |access-date=2026-03-19 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Ranasan Town|Ranasan]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |date=1802 |title=Ranasan (Princely State) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/ranasan |access-date=2026-03-19 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}</ref> and [[Rupal State|Rupal]].

In 1823, Amirsingh of Bayad died leaving two daughters. Both Idar and Ahmednagar laid claim to his estates. In 1827 by the help of British Lieutenant-Colonel Ballantyne, an agreement was framed, by which Idar renounced all claim to Modasa and received two-thirds of Bayad, the remaining third going to Ahmednagar. This agreement was never carried out. One of the daughters died, and later Amirsingh's widow wrote over the estate to Gambhirsingh on condition of his effecting the marriage of her surviving daughter. The terms were not fulfilled and the daughter fled to Ahmednagar, in who so favour a precisely similar document had been executed by the mother. The daughter declined matrimony and with the help of the Ahmednagar chief continued to manage her estate. Gambhirsingh died in the midst of these discussions (1833) and the matter dropped.
A few months before his death, Gambhirsing took advantage of British agent Erskine's being at Idar to make over his son to the care of the British Government. And a few years later (1837) the continued mismanagement of the Idar state and the helpless condition of the young prince induced the queen to demand help of the British Government. British Government agreed and shortly after, the Modasa and Bayad disputes were re-opened and referred by the Rani to Captain Outram. Meanwhile, the death of the Maharaja of Jodhpur, and the adoption of Takhtsing of Ahmednagar, put a stop to any further proceedings, as the Idar house claimed as the head of the family the whole of the Ahmednagar possessions. This claim the Maharaja of Jodhpur attempted to set aside. But it was finally decided by the Government of India on 14 April 1848, that Ahmednagar and its dependencies should revert to the elder or Idar branch, and that the two estates should, as they had before 1784, form one state under the Raja of Idar. It became part of [[Mahi Kantha Agency]].

Of Gambhirsingh's two sons Umedsingh and Javansingh, the first died in his father's lifetime. Ghambhirsing was succeeded by Javansing. In 1861 Javansing entered into an agreement binding himself to prevent the smuggling of salt through his territory. Later he gained seat in [[Bombay Legislative Council]] and the reign was, in 1868, cut short by his death at the early age of thirty-eight. He was succeeded by his son Keshrisingh, during whose minority the affairs of the state are managed by the British Political Agent.<ref name=ghj/> Kesrisingh ruled until his death in 1901.

[[File:Mahi Kantha Agency British India map 1878.jpg|thumb|Idar in map of Mahi Kantha Agency, British India, 1878]]

===1901–1948===
After [[Interregnum]] from February–October 1901, his son posthumous son of Sir Keshrisinhji, who "ruled" from his birth, eight months after his father's death, to his own death a month later. In January 1902, [[Maharaja Sri Sir Pratap Singh|Pratap Singh]] succeeded him and ruled until May 1911. In 1924 it was made part of the [[Western India States Agency]]. It was transferred to the [[Rajputana Agency]] in the early 1940s. Daulat Singh succeeded Pratap Singh and ruled till 14 April 1931. Followed by Himmat Singh, who renamed Ahmednagar as [[Himmatnagar]] ruled until [[Independence of India]] on 15 August 1947. On 10 June 1948 Idar became part of the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]]. His descendants Daljit Singh and Rajendra Singh became titular kings of state.<ref>uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/i/idar.html</ref>

==1948 – Present==
In 1949, erstwhile Idar State was dissolved and split between [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]] and [[Mehsana district]]s which were at that point in [[Bombay State]].<ref name="Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer p. 824">''Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer'', p. 824</ref> Both of these districts became part of [[Gujarat]] when it was formed in 1960. [[Himatnagar]] became capital of Sabarkantha district eclipsing Idar. Idar continued as ''taluka'' (subdivision) of Sabarkantha district. Idar expanded significantly when some villages were relocated to Idar for construction of [[Dharoi Dam]]. Later when [[Aravalli district]] carved out of Sabarkantha in 2013, [[Modasa]] became capital of new district.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-18/ahmedabad/33924939_1_sadbhavana-tribal-areas-ambaji|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921020952/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-18/ahmedabad/33924939_1_sadbhavana-tribal-areas-ambaji|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2012|title=Modi's poll knife carves out Aravali|date=18 September 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="db">{{cite news | url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/GUJ-AHD-seven-new-districts-to-be-formed-in-gujarat-4158081-NOR.html | title=Seven new districts to be formed in Gujarat | work=Daily Bhaskar | date=24 January 2013 | agency=DNA | access-date=9 February 2013 | location=[[Ahmedabad]] | archive-date=27 September 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927123407/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/GUJ-AHD-seven-new-districts-to-be-formed-in-gujarat-4158081-NOR.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History of Idar}}
[[Category:History of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Sabarkantha district]]

Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-04T16:18:32Z

Samyakkpravesh: added basic post with sources...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Thoothukkudi
|type = LS
|map_image = Thoothukkudi lok sabha constituency.png
|map_caption = Map Outlining Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha Constituency
|state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
|assembly_cons = [[Vilathikulam Assembly constituency|Vilathikulam]] [[Thoothukkudi Assembly constituency|Thoothukkudi]] [[Tiruchendur Assembly constituency|Tiruchendur]] [[Srivaikuntam Assembly constituency|Srivaikuntam]] [[Ottapidaram Assembly constituency|Ottapidaram]] [[Kovilpatti Assembly constituency|Kovilpatti]]
|established = 2009
|electors = {{formatnum:1376624}}
|reservation = None
|incumbent_image = Kanimozhi Karunanidhi 01.jpg
|mp = [[Kanimozhi Karunanidhi]]
|party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|preceded_by = [[J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee]] ([[AIADMK]])
}}
'''Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 39 [[Lok Sabha]] ([[Parliament of India|parliamentary]]) constituencies in [[Tamil Nadu]], a [[Federated state|state]] in southern [[India]].

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white; " colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[S. R. Jeyadurai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Kanimozhi Karunanidhi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|-
|}

==Assembly segments==
{| class="wikitable"
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number
! width="200px" |Name
! width="100px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
! width="150px" |District
! colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
|213
|[[Vilathikulam Assembly constituency|Vilathikulam]]
|None
|rowspan=6|[[Thoothukkudi district|Thoothukkudi]]
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=6}}
|-
|214
|[[Thoothukkudi Assembly constituency|Thoothukkudi]]
|None
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|-
|215
|[[Tiruchendur Assembly constituency|Tiruchendur]]
|None
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|216
|[[Srivaikuntam Assembly constituency|Srivaikuntam]]
|None
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
|217
|[[Ottapidaram Assembly constituency|Ottapidaram]]
|SC
|-
|218
|[[Kovilpatti Assembly constituency|Kovilpatti]]
|None
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float = right
|title = Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar = #ddd
|width = 260px
|barwidth = 250px
|bars = {{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.26}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.77}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|39.92}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.40}}
}}
===General election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukkudi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS2236.htm|title=2024 Parliamentary Constituency 36 - THOOTHUKKUDI (Tamil Nadu) Results|work=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[Kanimozhi Karunanidhi]]
|votes = 540,729
|percentage = 55.26
|change = {{decrease}}1.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = R. Sivasamy Velumani
|votes = 147,991
|percentage = 15.12
|change
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)
|candidate = S. D. R. Vijayaseelan
|votes = 122,380
|percentage = 12.51
|change = 14.76

}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = J. Rowena Ruth Jane
|votes = 120,300
|percentage = 12.29
|change = {{increase}}7.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 9,806
|percentage = 1.00
|change = {{increase}}0.07
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 392,738
|percentage = 40.14
|change = {{increase}}5.14
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 975,468
|percentage = 66.88
|change = {{decrease}}2.55
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing = {{decrease}}1.51
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2019 Indian general election]]: [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukkudi]]<ref name="2019_GE_Results">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10929-33constituency-wise-detailed-result/|title=2019 Indian General Election Results|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[Kanimozhi Karunanidhi]]
|votes = 563,143
|percentage = 56.77
|change = {{increase}}30.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]
|votes = 215,934
|percentage = 21.77
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam
|candidate = M. Bhuvaneswaran
|votes = 76,866
|percentage = 7.75
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = S. Christantine Rajasekar
|votes = 49,222
|percentage = 4.96
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = T. P. S. Pon Kumaran
|votes = 25,702
|percentage = 2.59
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 9,234
|percentage = 0.93
|change = {{decrease}}0.32
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 347,209
|percentage = 35.00
|change = {{increase}}21.48
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 991,263
|percentage = 69.43
|change = {{decrease}}0.53
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing = {{increase}}30.37
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2014 Indian general election]]: [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukkudi]]<ref name="2014_GE_Results">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2785-constituency-wise-detailed-result/|title=2014 Indian General Election Results|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=4 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee]]
|votes = 366,052
|percentage = 39.92
|change = {{increase}}4.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = P. Jegan
|votes = 242,050
|percentage = 26.40
|change = {{decrease}}21.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = S. Joel
|votes = 182,191
|percentage = 19.87
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = A. P. C. V. Shanmugam
|votes = 63,080
|percentage = 6.88
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = M. Pushparayan
|votes = 26,476
|percentage = 2.89
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = A. Mohanraj
|votes = 14,993
|percentage = 1.64
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 11,447
|percentage = 1.25
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 124,002
|percentage = 13.52
|change = {{increase}}1.84
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 916,778
|percentage = 69.96
|change = {{increase}}0.83
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing = {{increase}}4.21
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2009 Indian general election]]: [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukkudi]]<ref name="2009_GE_Results">{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/|title=2009 Indian General Election Results|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=1 June 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[S. R. Jeyadurai]]
|votes = 311,017
|percentage = 47.40
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = Cynthia Pandian
|votes = 234,368
|percentage = 35.72
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
|candidate = M. S. Sunther
|votes = 61,403
|percentage = 9.36
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = S. Saravanan
|votes = 27,013
|percentage = 4.12
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = E. Pa. Jeevankumar
|votes = 6,737
|percentage = 1.03
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 76,649
|percentage = 11.68
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 656,163
|percentage = 69.13
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Lok Sabha]]
*[[Parliament of India]]
*[[Thoothukudi district]]
*[[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title=Statistical reports of Lok Sabha elections|access-date=8 July 2010|publisher=Election Commission of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date=5 October 2010}}

==External links==
*[https://resultuniversity.com/election/thoothukkudi-lok-sabha Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha - Result University]
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/tamilnadu/thoothukudi/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Thoothukkudi lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|8.78|78.1|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thoothukudi (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Thoothukudi district]]

Pasamum Nesamum

2026-05-01T12:19:57Z

Samyakkpravesh: starting a post

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pasamum Nesamum.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[D. Yoganand]]
| screenplay = Makkalanban
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Anari (1959 film)|Anari]]''|[[Inder Raj Anand]]}}
| producer = V. M. Sundar
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[B. Saroja Devi]]
| music = [[Vedha (composer)|Vedha]]
| studio = Alankar Pictures
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1964|1|26|ref1=}}
| runtime = 
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Pasamum Nesamum''''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɑː|s|əm|u|m|_|n|eɪ|s|əm|u|m}} {{translation|Love and Affection}}) is a 1964 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[D. Yoganand]]. It stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[B. Saroja Devi]]. It is a remake of the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Anari (1959 film)|Anari]]'' (1959).<ref>{{Cite news |date=Nov 25, 2024 |title=Ranbir Kapoor opens up about Alia Bhatt not recognizing Kishore Kumar |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/11/25/ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatt-kishore-kumar-iffi-2024.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427230910/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/11/25/ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatt-kishore-kumar-iffi-2024.html |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=2026-02-08 |work=[[Onmanorama]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> It was released on 26 January 1964.<ref name="anandan">{{Cite web |title=1964 – பாசமும் நேசமும் – அலங்கார் பிக்ச. |trans-title=1964 – Pasamum Nesamum – Alankar Pic. |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1964-cinedetails23.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171224012600/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1964-cinedetails23.asp |archive-date=24 December 2017 |access-date=24 December 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=September 2021}}

== Cast ==
This list was adapted from the book ''Thiraikalanjiyam''.<ref name="neelamegam">{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 2 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2016 |location=Chennai |pages=166–167 |language=Tamil}}</ref>
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
*[[Gemini Ganesan]]
*[[M. R. Radha]]
*[[K. D. Santhanam]]
*[[Nagesh]] {{small|Guest}}
*Vijayan
*Eswar
*Mahalingam
*Balakrishnan
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
*[[B. Saroja Devi]]
*[[M. V. Rajamma]]
*Chandrakantha
*Sasikala
*Jyothi
*Nalini
*Revathi
*Vimala
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was produced by V. M. Sundar under the banner ''Alankar Pictures'' and was directed by [[D. Yoganand]]. The screenplay was written by Makkalanban.<ref name="anandan" />

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[Vedha (composer)|Vedha]] and the lyrics were penned by [[Kannadasan]].<ref name="neelamegam" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://rmrl.in/ta/dl/books/32420/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D |title=பாசமும் நேசமும் |publisher=Cauvery Printers |year=1964 |language=ta |via=[[Roja Muthiah Research Library|RMRL Digital Library]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Duration
|-
| "Kanniyargal Koottam, Kattazhagu Thottam" || [[P. Susheela]] & group || 03:38
|-
| "Theriyuma, Theriyuma Punnagai Seydhathen" || [[A. M. Rajah]] || 04:38
|-
| "Velalavu Kangal, Kaalalavu Koondhal" || rowspan=2|P. Susheela || 04:57
|-
| "Po, Po, Po Enge Thaan Povaai" || 04:04
|-
| "Varuvaano Illaiyo" || P. B. Sreenivas & [[K. Jamuna Rani]] & group || 04:39
|-
| "Paarthaai, Paarthen" || A. M. Rajah & P. Susheela || 05:00
|-
| "Ellaam Naadaga Medai" || rowspan=2|[[P. B. Sreenivas]] || 04:56
|-
| "Unnai Paarththadhu Ange" ||
|}

== Reception ==
Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' gave the film a negative review, comparing it unfavourably to ''Anari''.<ref name="kalki">{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=16 February 1964 |title=பாசமும் நேசமும் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1964/feb/16-02-1964/p21.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220724060114/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1964/feb/16-02-1964/p21.jpg |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=24 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=21 |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
{{D. Yoganand}}

[[Category:1964 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1964 films]]
[[Category:1964 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by D. Yoganand]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vedha (composer)]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Bilal Nazki

2026-04-24T23:16:11Z

Samyakkpravesh: stub - done

{{Short description|Indian judge}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Justice
| birth_name = Bilal Nazki
| image = Bilal Nazki, 2010 (cropped).jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes| 1947|11|18}}
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Dominion of India|India]]
| office = 23rd [[Chief Justice]] of [[Odisha High Court]]
| predecessor = [[B. S. Chauhan]]
| successor = [[Venkate Gopala Gowda]]
| term_start = 14 November 2009
| term_end = 17 November 2009
| father = [[Ghulam Rasool Nazki]]
}}

'''Justice Bilal Nazki''' (born 18 November 1947) is an Indian jurist. He is a former [[Chief Justice]] of [[Orissa High Court]]<ref name="IT20091116">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nazki-is-orissa-high-court-chief-justice-61001-2009-11-16|title=Nazki is Orissa High Court Chief Justics|date=16 November 2009|accessdate=14 July 2020|work=India Today|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> and served as a judge in the High Courts of [[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu & Kashmir]], [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]. He has also served as the Chairman of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]] State Human Rights Commission and the [[Bihar Human Rights Commission|Human Rights Commission of Bihar]].<ref name="TOI20140311">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Rights-panel-no-alternative-to-judicial-system-Bilal-Nazki/articleshow/31817186.cms |title=Rights panel no alternative to judicial system: Bilal Nazki |date=3 March 2014 |first=Vithika|last=Salomi|publisher=TOI|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> He also headed the committee set up by the [[Government of India]] to review the functioning of the [[Haj Committee of India]] and its state units.<ref name="YAH20131010">{{cite news |url=https://twocircles.net/2013oct10/panel_review_haj_committees_set.html |title=Panel to review Haj committees set up |date=10 October 2013 |work=[[Two Circles]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |accessdate=2024-09-06}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bilal Nazki was born on 18 November 1947 in [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India into a [[Kashmiri Muslim]] family and was educated at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref name="DNA20091113">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_nazki-bids-adieu-to-bombay-high-court_1310940 |title=Nazki bids adieu to Bombay high court |date=13 November 2009 |first=Mayura |last=Janwalkar |publisher=DNA |accessdate=4 October 2012}}</ref> He was one of eight children and his father, [[Ghulam Rasool Nazki]]  — a broadcaster, poet and literary figure who won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1987 — had moved from [[Bandipora]] to Srinagar in the year of Bilal's birth.<ref name="HT20091016">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Admired-for-not-mincing-words/Article1-465913.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125055318/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Admired-for-not-mincing-words/Article1-465913.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2013 |title=Admired for not mincing words |first=Ashiq |last=Hussain |work=Hindustan Times|location=Srinagar |date=16 October 2009 |accessdate=4 October 2012 }}</ref>

After graduation he joined the [[Bar (law)|Bar]] in Srinagar and practised in various courts, while also spending some time as a lecturer of the [[Kashmir University]]. He worked as an advisor to the state government on various matters and was a member of the Delimitation Commission, which was concerned with electoral matters. Nazki was appointed Deputy [[Advocate-General]] of Jammu and Kashmir in 1986 and promoted to Advocate-General in January 1992.<ref name="BBA" /> In 1991, while serving as an advocate and during a period of considerable instability in the state, he was kidnapped by an unidentified militant group but managed to escape his captors, who shot him five times as he did so. He ran {{convert|5|km|mi}} or {{convert|6|km|mi}} to a hospital.<ref name="DNA20091113" /><ref name="DNA20091125" />

He became an Additional Judge in the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in January 1995 and was made a Permanent Judge in December.<ref name="BBA">{{cite web|url=http://www.bombaybar.com/notices/tea_party_for_the_honble_mr_justice_bilal_nazki.php |title=Tea Party for the Hon'ble Mr Justice Bilal Nazki |publisher=Bombay Bar Association |accessdate=4 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305094629/http://www.bombaybar.com/notices/tea_party_for_the_honble_mr_justice_bilal_nazki.php |archivedate=5 March 2012}}</ref>

In October 1997 he was transferred to the [[High Court of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="BBA" /> While based there, he twice served as Acting Chief Justice — between April and November 2005, and November 2007 to January 2008. During his time in Andhra Pradesh he held various other posts while continuing to perform his duties in court:

*Twice President of the Andhra Pradesh State Judicial Academy
*Chairperson of the Andhra Pradesh High Court Legal Services Committee
*Chancellor of National Academy of Legal Studies & Research University (NALSAR), Hyderabad
*Twice the Enquiry Judge of Coal Mine Accidents
*Executive Chairman of Andhra Pradesh State Legal Services Authority.

Nazki moved to the [[Bombay High Court]] in January 2008. He moved from Bombay to become Chief Justice of Orissa High Court on 14 November 2009 and retired from there. In retirement, Nazki has commented on the nature of legal judgements, saying that "One [type] may be great for legal and academic purposes, There is another which may not lay down any theory but will wipe the tears of an aggrieved person." He placed his own actions in the latter group.<ref name="DNA20091125">{{cite news |title=Judge's honesty is like girl's virginity |date=25 November 2009 |first=Mayura |last=Janwalkar |publisher=DNA |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_judge-s-honesty-is-like-girl-s-virginity_1316132 |accessdate=4 October 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101223232713/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main44.asp?filename=Ne030410weighing_the.asp Weighing The Scale Of Justice As A Goldsmith Weighs The Gold]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121108025241/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/10/stories/2005091016470300.htm Teach forensic medicine to police, says Nazki]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazki, Bilal}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Muslims]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Judges of the Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Orissa High Court]]
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kashmir]]

Mohammad Aleem Khan

2026-04-24T11:59:55Z

Samyakkpravesh: created

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1963/64)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Honourable]]
| name = Haji Aleem हाजी अलीम (1964–2018)
| honorific_suffix =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = March 2012
| term_end = March 2017
| predecessor =
| successor = '''Virendra Singh Sirohi'''
| constituency2 = [[Bulandshahr (Assembly constituency)|Bulandshahr]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 = May 2007
| term_end2 = March 2012
| predecessor2 = '''Mahendra Singh Yadav'''
| successor2 =
| constituency3 =
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency4 =
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| constituency5 =
| office5 =
| term_start5 =
| term_end5 =
| predecessor5 =
| successor5 =
| constituency6 =
| office6 =
| term_start6 =
| term_end6 =
| predecessor6 =
| successor6 =
| birth_date = 1963 or 1964<ref name="Member Profile">{{cite news|title=Member Profile|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|U.P. Legislative Assembly]] website|accessdate=29 October 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/pdfs/members_profile/65.pdf}}</ref>
| birth_place = Bulandshahr<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| death_date = 2018<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| birth_name =
| parents = Late Hafiz Abdul Rasheed (father)<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| citizenship =
| party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| other_party =
| spouse = Kamar Jahan (wife)
| partner =
| relations =
| children = 4 sons
| alma_mater = Not attended school<ref name="Candidate affidavit">{{cite news|title=Candidate affidavit|publisher=My neta.info|accessdate=29 October 2015|url=http://myneta.info/up2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=1699}}</ref>
| occupation =
| profession = Businessman & politician
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
}}

'''Mohammad Aleem Khan''' ({{langx|hi|मोहम्मद अलीम खान}}) was an Indian politician and a member of the [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Legislative Assembly]] of India.<ref name="Candidate affidavit"/><ref name="Member Profile"/> He represented the [[Bulandshahr (Assembly constituency)|Bulandshahar]] constituency of Uttar Pradesh and was a member of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] political party.<ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title=2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|accessdate=29 October 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref><ref name="2007 Election Results">{{cite news|title=2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|accessdate=29 October 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from constituency|publisher=elections.in|accessdate=29 October 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/bulandshahr.html}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Mohd. Aleem Khan was born in Bulandshahar. He has not received any formal education and was [[literate]].<ref name="Member Profile"/><ref name="Candidate affidavit"/>

==Political career==
Aleem Khan had been a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for two terms. He represented the [[Bulandshahr (Assembly constituency)|Bulandshahr]] constituency and was a member of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] political party.<ref name="Candidate affidavit"/><ref name="Member Profile"/>

He lost his seat in the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Assembly election]] to [[Virendra Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Virendra Singh]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/uttar-pradesh/bulandshahr-mla-results|title = BULANDSHAHR Election Result 2017, Winner, BULANDSHAHR MLA, Uttar Pradesh}}</ref>

==Posts Held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Comments
|-
| 01 || 2012 || 2017 || Member, [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
| 02 || 2007 || 2012 || Member, [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Legislative Assembly]] ||
|-
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
* [[Bulandshahr (Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Mohd. Aleem}}
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:People from Bulandshahr district]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari

2026-04-22T04:20:15Z

Samyakkpravesh: added initial data w/ infobox

{{Short description|2023 Indian film by Ghitha Mohhan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari
| image = Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ghitha Mohhan
| writer = Sreekumar Jay
| producer = Sreekumar Jay
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Sreekumar Jay
* Angana Arya
* [[Avinash Yelandur]]
}}
| cinematography = Parandhagan E
| editing = Bhuvanesh Manivannan
| music = Pranav Giridharan
| studio = Jayanthi Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2023|12|15|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari''''' (trans. Bad and evil is my address) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime thriller]] film directed by Ghitha Mohhan. The film stars Sreekumar Jay, Angana Arya and [[Avinash Yelandur]] in the lead roles. The film was produced by Sreekumar Jay under the banner of Jayanthi Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Tamil Crime Thriller "Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari" Set for Release |url=https://www.telugutimes.net/article/new-tamil-crime-thriller-theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-set-for-release |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219175145/https://www.telugutimes.net/article/new-tamil-crime-thriller-theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-set-for-release |archive-date=2023-12-19 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Telugu Times - USA NRI Telugu News Telugu News Papers In USA |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* Sreekumar Jay
* Angana Arya
* [[Avinash Yelandur]]
* Srinivasan Lokanayakalu
* Baby Thakshika
* Kavitha Radheshyam

== Production ==

The film was produced by Sreekumar Jay under the banner of Jayanthi Productions. The cinematography was done by Parandhagan E, while editing was handled by Bhuvanesh Manivannan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-13 |title=Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari/articleshow/105960258.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218020915/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari/articleshow/105960258.cms |archive-date=2023-12-18 |access-date=2023-12-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Soundtrack was composed by Pranav Giridharan.<ref>https://gaana.com/album/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-original-motion-picture-soundtrack</ref>
*Ennodu Kadhal - Shibi Srinivasan, Maneswini
*Kanne Thoongadi - Pranav Giridharan, [[Asha Bhosle]]
*Kaasura Kaasura - Pranav Giridharan, Adarsh Bharadwaj
*Thiruda - Rishirpiya
*Wrath of Shiva - Pranav Giridharan, Armious
*Manitha - The Redemption - Jay, Pranav Giridharan
*Kaalan Naanae - Satyah, Pranav Giridharan
*Nature of Man - Pranav Giridharan
*Freakshow - Pranav Giridharan, Armious
*The Devil's Orchestra -Pranav Giridharan, Armious
*Nature of Man - Variation - Pranav Giridharan
*The Promise - Pranav Giridharan
*Umar's Plea - Pranav Giridharan
*Theethum Soothum - Pranav Giridharan

== Reception ==
''[[Times Now]]'' critic rated 3 out of 5 and worte that "Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari promises a compelling journey through the intricacies of love and the challenges posed by societal expectations." and rated three out of five stars.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-15 |title=Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari Movie Review: A Tale of Love, Opposition And Intrigue |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-movie-review-a-tale-of-love-opposition-and-intrigue-review-106013700 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215193151/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-movie-review-a-tale-of-love-opposition-and-intrigue-review-106013700 |archive-date=2023-12-15 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' critic rated two point five out of five and stated that "lthough we have already seen the story of kidnapping for money in many films, it is special to change the course of the screenplay".<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=2023-12-14 |title=Theedhum Soodhum Endhan Mugavari |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-157258 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219175145/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/theedhum-soodhum-endhan-mugavari-157258 |archive-date=2023-12-19 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt30070990}}

[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Dimapur I Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:42:12Z

Samyakkpravesh: info

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Dimapur I Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Dimapur I
| mla = Tovihoto Ayemi
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| district = [[Dimapur district|Dimapur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]
| established = 1974
| constituency_no = 1
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:25244}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
| type= SLA
}}

'''Dimapur I Assembly constituency''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=NAGALAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[Dimapur district]] and is part of [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[https://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/dimapur-i.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Dimapur-I Assembly Constituency]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dimapur I Election and Results 2023, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/dimapur_I.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Mhaile Peseyie
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2|Md. Anwar Hussain
|-
|[[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|1986^
|rowspan=2|[[Hokishe Sema]]
|-
|[[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Vikheshe Sema
|-
|[[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|rowspan=2|I. Vikheshe
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Hokishe Sema
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|2007^
|Atomi
|{{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
|[[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[K. L. Chishi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|rowspan=3|[[Tovihoto Ayemi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
|[[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
|}
^by-election

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2023|2023]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|67.01}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2018|2018]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|63.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2013|2013]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|42.93}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2008|2008]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|60.28}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2003|2003]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|52.70}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1993|1993]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|44.00}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|66.28}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1987|1987]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.44}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1982|1982]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.85}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}|65.00}}
}}
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I<ref name=election2023>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tovihoto Ayemi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,325 |percentage=67.01 |change=3.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kewekhape Therie|party=Indian National Congress|votes=6,366|percentage=32.01|change=24.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=195|percentage=0.98|change=-0.18}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,959 |percentage=34.99 |change=-0.78 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=19,886|percentage=78.78|change=-2.12}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,244 |change =10.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= 3.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tovihoto Ayemi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,721 |percentage=63.53 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pukhavi Yepthomi|party=Naga People's Front|votes=5,121|percentage=27.75|change=-15.17}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=W. Kholie Kapfo|party=Indian National Congress|votes=1,395|percentage=7.56|change=-24.02}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=214|percentage=1.16|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,600 |percentage=35.77 |change=24.42 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=18,451|percentage=80.90|change=-0.58}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,808 |change =14.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 20.60 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tovihoto Ayemi]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,952 |percentage=42.93 |change=9.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[K. L. Chishi]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=5,114|percentage=31.58|change=-28.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pukhavi Yepthomi|party=Independent politician|votes=3,673|percentage=22.68|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=H. Sunep Phom|party=Independent politician|votes=449|percentage=2.77|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,838 |percentage=11.35 |change=-15.85 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=16,194|percentage=81.48|change=0.81}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,875 |change =11.09 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -17.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. L. Chishi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,700 |percentage=60.28 |change=31.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atomi |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,774 |percentage=33.08 |change=21.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R.S. Sangtam |party=Independent politician |votes=768 |percentage=5.32 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zeneisele |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=220 |percentage=1.52 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,926 |percentage=27.20 |change=3.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,433 |percentage=80.83 |change= 14.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,891 |change =-16.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= 7.58 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hokishe Sema]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,494 |percentage=52.70 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kevi Zakiesatuo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,080 |percentage=28.69 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Chuba |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,605 |percentage=11.29 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kakugha Zhimomi |party=Independent politician |votes=691 |percentage=4.86 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joseph Sema |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=351 |percentage=2.47 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,414 |percentage=24.01 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,221 |percentage=66.11 |change= -19.35 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,512 |change =-14.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 8.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I<ref name=election1998>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=I. Vikheshe |party=Indian National Congress |votes= |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,200 |change =22.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Vikheshe |party=Independent politician |votes=7,573 |percentage=44.00 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hokishe Sema]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,436 |percentage=43.20 |change=-23.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. C. Zeliang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,160 |percentage=6.74 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Pius Lotha |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,001 |percentage=5.82 |change=-21.63 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=137 |percentage=0.80 |change=-38.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,212 |percentage=85.46 |change= 27.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,545 |change =-34.70 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -22.29 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikheshe Sema |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,719 |percentage=66.28 |change=10.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manik Bhattacharjee |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,852 |percentage=27.44 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zhukiye Sema |party=Independent politician |votes=1,109 |percentage=6.27 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,867 |percentage=38.84 |change=11.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,680 |percentage=58.01 |change= -5.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,463 |change =0.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 10.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hokishe Sema]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,790 |percentage=55.44 |change=12.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Crellan Pesyie |party=Independent politician |votes=5,525 |percentage=28.39 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Ghoshito Sema |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=2,443 |percentage=12.55 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zhukiye Sema |party=Independent politician |votes=704 |percentage=3.62 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,265 |percentage=27.05 |change=15.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,462 |percentage=63.38 |change= 14.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,454 |change =39.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 12.76 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Anwar Hussain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,554 |percentage=42.68 |change=2.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhlie Kevichhsa |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=3,342 |percentage=31.32 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Choshito Achumi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,821 |percentage=17.07 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. S. Meren |party=Independent politician |votes=952 |percentage=8.92 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,212 |percentage=11.36 |change=3.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,669 |percentage=48.55 |change= -11.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,511 |change =117.35 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 2.83 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Awar Hussain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,421 |percentage=39.85 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chalie Kevichusa |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,939 |percentage=31.92 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Pesyie |party=Independent politician |votes=1,122 |percentage=18.47 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Ghoshita Achumi |party=Independent politician |votes=278 |percentage=4.58 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Assamwati Longkumar |party=National Convention of Nagaland |votes=208 |percentage=3.42 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. S. Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=107 |percentage=1.76 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=482 |percentage=7.93 |change=-22.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,075 |percentage=60.33 |change= 10.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,357 |change =-10.57 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= -25.15 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mhaile Peseyie Gobinda |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=3,603 |percentage=65.00 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gobinda Ch. Paira |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,940 |percentage=35.00 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,663 |percentage=30.00 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,543 |percentage=49.43 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,581 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Dimapur district]]
* [[Dimapur]]
* [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|25.93|93.78|display=title}}

[[Category:Dimapur]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Dimapur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Nagaland]]

Dhanpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:33:13Z

Samyakkpravesh: new - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Tripura State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dhanpur
| mla = [[Bindu Debnath]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 elections in India#Tripura|2023]]
| constituency_no = 23
| state = [[Tripura]]
| district = [[Sipahijala district|Sipahijala]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:50223}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14875-tripura-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Tripura General Legislative Election 2023 - Tripura - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
| type = SLA
| map_image = Dhanpur Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Dhanpur''' is one of the 60 [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Tripura]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/7249-tripura/ |title=Delimitation Commission of India - Notification |website=eci.gov.in |date=12 May 2005 |author=Shangara Ram |accessdate= 25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=district-AC-Map>{{cite web |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |title=District/AC Map - Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura |website=ceotripura.nic.in |access-date= 23 January 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405133941/http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> It is in [[Sipahijala district]] and is also part of [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Tripura Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/dhanpur.html Sitting and Previous MLAs from Dhanpur Assembly Constituency]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/TRP2013_Reports.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2013 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF TRIPURA]</ref><ref>[http://infoelections.com/infoelection/index.php/ne/6133-list-of-assembly-constituency-of-tripura.html List of assembly constituency of Tripura]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan=5 | Samar Chowdhury || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=10|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
|-
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=5 | [[Manik Sarkar]]
|-
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Pratima Bhoumik]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 elections in India#Tripura|2023 by-election]] || [[Bindu Debnath]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly by-election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 elections in India#Tripura|2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/AC2023Bye.pdf|access-date=27 February 2024|title=Form 20: Final Result Sheet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227174240/https://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/AC2023Bye.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2024|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bindu Debnath]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=30,017 |percentage=71.24% |change={{increase}}28.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kaushik Chanda |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=11,146 |percentage=26.45% |change={{decrease}}8.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Reang |party=Independent politician |votes=544 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=533 |percentage=1.27% |change={{increase}}0.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bappi Debnath |party=Independent politician |votes=426 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,871 |percentage=44.79% |change= {{increase}}37.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,133 |percentage=84.64% |change= {{decrease}}6.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,427 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.41 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}28.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220141112/https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratima Bhoumik]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,148 |percentage=42.25% |change={{increase}}1.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kaushik Chanda |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=15,648 |percentage=34.53% |change={{decrease}}19.9}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amiya Dayal Noatia |party=Tipra Motha Party |votes=8,671 |percentage=19.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Habil Mia |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=651 |percentage=1.44% |change={{increase}}0.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=538 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Sukla Das |party=Independent politician |votes=405 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bappi Debnath |party=Independent politician |votes=258 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,500 |percentage=7.72% |change= {{decrease}}5.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,319 |percentage=90.28% |change= {{decrease}}2.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,223 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.50 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}12.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2018 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228163855/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manik Sarkar]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=22,176 |percentage=54.43% |change={{decrease}}2.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratima Bhoumik]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,735 |percentage=41.08% |change={{increase}}39.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxmi Nag ( Barman) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=832 |percentage=2.04% |change={{decrease}}38.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=465 |percentage=1.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jahir Uddin |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=392 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,441 |percentage=13.36% |change= {{decrease}}2.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,741 |percentage=92.62% |change= {{decrease}}3.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,863 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}2.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2013 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165655/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manik Sarkar]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=21,286 |percentage=57.10% |change={{increase}}4.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shah Alam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,269 |percentage=40.96% |change={{decrease}}3.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abul Kalam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=721 |percentage=1.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,017 |percentage=16.14% |change= {{increase}}7.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,276 |percentage=96.07% |change= {{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,818 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manik Sarkar]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=17,992 |percentage=52.91% |change={{decrease}}2.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shah Alam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,074 |percentage=44.32% |change={{increase}}4.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naidar Basi Tripura |party=Independent politician |votes=525 |percentage=1.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashish Chakraborty |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=417 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,918 |percentage=8.58% |change= {{decrease}}7.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,008 |percentage=94.83% |change= {{increase}}10.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,933 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}2.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2003 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165918/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manik Sarkar]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=15,613 |percentage=55.85% |change={{increase}}1.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dipak Chakraborty |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,111 |percentage=39.74% |change={{decrease}}1.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manoranjan Das |party=Independent politician |votes=681 |percentage=2.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratima Bhoumik]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=551 |percentage=1.97% |change={{decrease}}3.32 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,502 |percentage=16.10% |change= {{increase}}3.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,956 |percentage=84.23% |change= {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 33,216 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.41 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}1.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manik Sarkar]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=12,771 |percentage=53.90% |change={{decrease}}4.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Majibur Islam Majumder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,668 |percentage=40.81% |change={{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratima Bhoumik]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,253 |percentage=5.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,103 |percentage=13.10% |change= {{decrease}}4.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,692 |percentage=86.38% |change= {{increase}}0.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,052 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006065326/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Samar Chowdhury |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=13,327 |percentage=58.43% |change={{increase}}3.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopal Chandra Roy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,212 |percentage=40.39% |change={{decrease}}4.15 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,115 |percentage=18.04% |change= {{increase}}8.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,809 |percentage=84.55% |change= {{decrease}}6.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,277 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1988 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006100546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Samar Chowdhury |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=10,809 |percentage=54.45% |change={{increase}}0.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prabir Kumar Pul |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,843 |percentage=44.54% |change={{decrease}}1.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Nath Sarker |party=Independent politician |votes=148 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,966 |percentage=9.90% |change= {{increase}}1.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,853 |percentage=91.09% |change= {{increase}}1.96 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,124 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.27 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006044341/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Samar Chowdhury |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,795 |percentage=54.02% |change={{increase}}5.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brajendra Kumar Ghosh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,487 |percentage=45.98% |change={{increase}}22.27 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,308 |percentage=8.03% |change= {{decrease}}16.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,282 |percentage=89.26% |change= {{increase}}6.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,550 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.06 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}5.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Samar Chowdhury |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=6,244 |percentage=48.79% |change={{increase}}0.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brojendra Ghosh |party=Janata Party |votes=3,100 |percentage=24.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhirendra Kumar Sengupta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,035 |percentage=23.71% |change={{decrease}}14.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birendra Kumar Ghosh |party=Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee |votes=253 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vim Chandra Tripura |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=166 |percentage=1.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,144 |percentage=24.57% |change= {{increase}}13.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,798 |percentage=83.08% |change= {{increase}}16.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,713 |ref = |change= {{increase}}41.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}0.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Dhanpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Samar Chowdhury |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,530 |percentage=48.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhirendra Kumar Sengupta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,757 |percentage=37.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birendra Ghosh |party=Independent politician |votes=971 |percentage=13.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=773 |percentage=10.65% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,258 |percentage=67.66% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,096 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Sipahijala district]]
* [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}

{{coord|23.43|91.29|display=title}}

[[Category:Sipahijala district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Tripura]]

PariWar

2026-04-15T03:35:31Z

Samyakkpravesh: starting article - done

{{short description|Indian web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Pariwar Pic.jpeg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Comedy]]
| based_on =
| creator =
| director = [[Sagar Ballary]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Gajraj Rao]]
* [[Ranvir Shorey]]
* [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]]
* [[Sadiya Siddiqui]]
* [[Nidhi Singh]]
* [[Vijay Raaz]]
* [[Anurita Jha]]
* Kumar Varun
}}
| writer = {{ubl| Gaganjeet Singh| Shantanu Anam}}
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 6
| location = India
| cinematography = Parixit Warrier
| editor = Suresh Pai
| network = [[Hotstar]]
| released =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|09|23|df=yes}}
| last_aired =
| company = [[Arre (brand)|Arre Studios]]
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| runtime = 21- 27 min
| num_seasons = 1
| list_episodes =
| related =
}}

''''' PariWar''''' is an Indian [[comedy]] series created for [[Disney+ Hotstar]] by [[Arre (brand)|Arre Studios]] starring [[Gajraj Rao]], [[Ranvir Shorey]], [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]], [[Sadiya Siddiqui]], [[Nidhi Singh]] and [[Vijay Raaz]]. The series was premiered on Disney+ Hotstar on September 23, 2020.<ref name="Scroll">{{cite web | title='PariWar' review: A family splits down the middle over property | website=Scroll.in | date=2020-09-23 | url=https://scroll.in/reel/973383/pari-war-review-a-family-splits-down-the-middle-over-property | access-date=2020-09-23}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The series revolves around a family squabbling over a lucrative property which was donated to a theatre artist to build home for widowers.

== Cast ==
* [[Gajraj Rao]] as Kashiram Narayan
* [[Ranvir Shorey]] as Shishupal Narayan
* [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]] as Mahipal Narayan
* [[Sadiya Siddiqui]] as Anju
* [[Nidhi Singh]] as Mandakini Narayan aka ''Guddan''
* [[Anurita Jha]] as Manju
* [[Vijay Raaz]] as Gangaram Tripathi
* [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] as Kanta Prasad Tripathi aka ''Munna''
* Kumar Varun as Babloo
* Abhishek Singh as Patwari
* [[Neena Gupta]] as Kadambari (Special Appearance)
* Ajay Singh as Lalla Ram 6 episode<ref name="Rajesh 2019" />

== Production ==
In September 2019, Hotstar commissioned the project from Arre Studios attaching [[Sagar Ballary]] to direct the project and with multiple actors joining the cast.<ref name="Rajesh 2019">{{cite web | last=Rajesh | first=Srividya | title=Ranvir Shorey, Yashpal Sharma, Gajraj Rao, Varun Kumar in Arre series for Hotstar Specials | website=IWMBuzz | date=2019-09-17 | url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/ranvir-shorey-yashpal-sharma-gajraj-rao-varun-kumar-arre-series-hotstar-specials/2019/09/17 | access-date=2020-09-23}}</ref><ref name="Rajes">{{cite web | last=Rajesh | first=Srividya | title=Nidhi Singh bags Arre series The Plot | website=IWMBuzz | date=2019-09-06 | url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/nidhi-singh-bags-arre-series-plot/2019/09/06 | access-date=2020-09-23}}</ref>

== Episodes==
{{Episode table |background=64544C |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Heart Attack!
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Sagar Ballary]]
|WrittenBy = {{ubl| Gaganjeet Singh| Shantanu Anam}}
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Vidhur Ashram
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Sagar Ballary
|WrittenBy = {{ubl| Gaganjeet Singh| Shantanu Anam}}
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Mrityuvijay Jaap
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Sagar Ballary
|WrittenBy ={{ubl| Gaganjeet Singh| Shantanu Anam}}
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Dangal
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Sagar Ballary
|WrittenBy = {{ubl| Gaganjeet Singh| Shantanu Anam}}
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Pari-War
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Sagar Ballary
|WrittenBy = {{ubl| Gaganjeet Singh| Shantanu Anam}}
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Natyamandir
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Sagar Ballary
|WrittenBy = {{ubl| Gaganjeet Singh| Shantanu Anam}}
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
}}

== Release ==
The series premiered on [[Disney+ Hotstar]], now called [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/pariwar/1260041331 JioHotstar] on September 23, 2020.<ref name="Singh 2020">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Rajat | title=Upcoming Web Series: जबरदस्त एक्टर्स ने मिलकर बनाया 'परिवार', हॉटस्टार पर होगा कॉमेडी का 'वॉर' | website=Dainik Jagran | date=2020-09-20 | url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/web-series-review-hotstar-upcoming-web-series-pariwar-have-good-actors-like-gajraj-rao-ranvir-shorey-and-vijay-raaz-20772346.html | language=qu | access-date=2020-09-23}}</ref> The series is available for free for all the subscribers and non-subscribers as well.<ref name="pw">{{cite web | website=Twitter | url=https://twitter.com/DisneyPlusHS/status/1307275698827005953| title=Badke hates Chhutke| access-date=2020-09-19}}</ref>

== Reception ==
SpotboyE gave the "rib-tickling web series" 4/5 stars and called it "a must-watch."<ref name="SpotboyE 2020">{{cite web | author=SpotboyE | title=PariWar Review: Get Ready For A Laugh Riot With Gajraj Rao, Ranvir Shorey, Vijay Raaz; This Rib Tickling Web Series Is A Must-Watch | website=Google | date=2020-09-23 | url=https://www.spotboye.com/just-binge/binge-reviews/pariwar-review-get-ready-for-a-laugh-riot-with-gajraj-rao-ranvir-shorey-vijay-raaz-this-rib-tickling-web-series-is-a-must-watch/5f6abe88f900a41e6d523616 | access-date=2020-09-23}}</ref> LetsOTT deemed it a "decent family drama lit up by the cast."<ref name="PariWar Disney+ Hotstar Series Review: Decent family drama lit up by the cast, but could have been funnier! 2020">{{cite web | title=PariWar Disney+ Hotstar Series Review: Decent family drama lit up by the cast, but could have been funnier! | website=PariWar Disney+ Hotstar Series Review: Decent family drama lit up by the cast, but could have been funnier! | date=2020-09-23 | url=https://www.letsott.com/pariwar-disney-hotstar-series-review | access-date=2020-09-23}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|13124352}}

[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]

List of Tamil proverbs

2026-04-12T17:57:36Z

Samyakkpravesh: new

{{short description|None}}

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=June 2017}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=June 2019}}
{{One source|date=June 2019}}
}}
The '''List of Tamil Proverbs''' consists of some of the commonly used by [[Tamil people]] and their [[Tamil diaspora|diaspora]] all over the world.<ref>Herman Jensen (1874), Tamil proverbs: with their English translation, 2nd ed.</ref> There were thousands and thousands of proverbs were used by Tamil people, it is harder to list all in one single article, the list shows a few proverbs.
{| class="wikitable"
! Proverbs !! English Translation
|-
| அகத்தின் அழகு முகத்தில் தெரியும். || The beauty of the soul is known in the face.''The face is the index of the mind''.
|-
| அறுக்கமாட்டாதவன் இடுப்பிலே ஐம்பத்தெட்டு அரிவாள் || He who is unable to [[wikt:reap|reap]], carries fifty-eight [[sickle]]s at his side
|-
| அகங்கையிற் போட்டுப் புறங்கையை நக்கலாமா? || Having placed the thing on the palm, why lick the back of the hand?
|-
| ஆக்கப் பொறுத்தவனுக்கு, ஆறப் பொறுக்கலை || He waited for the food to cook, but couldn't wait for it to cool down
|-
| ஆழம் தெரியாமல் காலை வைக்காதே || Don't wade in without knowing the depth
|-
| ஆழாக்கு அரிசி, மூழாக்குப் பானை, முதலியார் வருகிற வீறாப்பப் பாரும் || The Mudaliyar has only a small measure of rice, but keeps a pot that can hold three such measures. Behold the [[wikt:pomp|pomp]] of the Mudaliyar!
|-
|ஆற்றிலே போட்டாலும் அளந்துப் போட வேண்டும் || Although you are throwing it into the river, measure it first
|-
| ஏட்டுச் சுரக்காய் கூட்டுக்கு உதவாது || Will the word pumpkin make a meal?
|-
| திட்டிக் கெட்டாருமில்லை, வாழ்த்தி வாழ்ந்தாருமில்லை || No man was ever ruined by being cursed, and no one ever prospered because he was blessed
|-
| அசைந்து தின்கிறது மாடு, அசையாமல் தின்கிறது வீடு || A cow eats moving, a house eats standing
|-
| அகல இருந்தால் நிகள உறவு, கிட்டவந்தால் முட்டப் பகை || If separated by a long distance, there will be long-lived friendship, but if they are near each other, there will be perfect [[hatred]]
|-
| அங்காடிக்காரியை பாடச்சொன்னால், வெங்காயம் கறிவேப்பில்லை என்பாள் || If a song be demanded of a woman going along with her market basket, she will exclaim ''Onions'', ''Curry leaves''
|-
| அங்கும் இருப்பான், இங்கும் இருப்பான், ஆக்கின சோற்றுக்குப் பங்கும் இருப்பான் || He is there, he is here, he has share also in the boiled rice
|-
| பால் சட்டிக்கு பூனை காவல் வைக்கிறதுபோல் || Asking a cat to guard the pot of milk
|-
| பாலுக்கும் காவல் பூனைக்கும் தோழன் || A friend of the cat can't be the guard for the milk
|-
|எரிகிற விட்டிலே பிடுங்கிறது லாபம் || Whatever you are able to secure from a burning house is a gain
|-
| சூடு கண்ட பூனை அடுப்பங்கரையில் சேராது || The cat that has got fire burns will never go near the kitchen
|-
| சீலை இல்லை என்று சித்தி வீட்டுக்கு போனாளாம், அவள் ஈச்சம் பாயை கட்டிகொண்டு எதிரே வந்தாளாம் || She went to her aunt's house since she had no [[sari]], but her aunt came out wearing a rug made of [[date palm]]
|-
|மதில் மேல் பூனை போல || Like a cat on the wall
|-
|ஆடு நனைகிறது என்று ஓநாய் அழுகிறதாம் || The wolf cried that the sheep got drenched in rain
|-
| தண்ணீர் வெந்நீர் ஆனாலும் நெருப்பை அணைக்கும் || Even if the cold water becomes hot water, it will quench the fire
|-
| அறிவே ஆற்றல் || Knowledge is power
|-
|ஆட தெரியாதவள் கூடம் பற்றாது என்றாளாம் || A bad dancer blames that the stage is not big enough
|-
| கூத்தாடி கிழக்கே பார்த்தான், கூலிக்காரன் மேற்கே பார்த்தான் || The all-night dancer watched the east, the all-day labourer watched the west
|-
| ஊரார் வீட்டு நெய்யே, என் பொண்சாதி கையே || Though the [[ghee]] belonged to the village, it is my wife's hand that is serving the ghee
|-
|தன் வினை தன்னைச் சுடும், ஓட்டப்பம் வீட்டை சுடும் || One's deed will burn him, pancake with evil intention will burn the house
|-
|பூனை கொன்ற பாவம் உன்னோடு, வெல்லம் தின்ற பாவம் என்னோடு || Let the sin of killing the cat be with you, and let the sin of eating the [[jaggery]] stay with me
|-
| அடி நாக்கிலே நஞ்சும், நுனி நாக்கிலே அமிர்தமா ? || When you have poison in the bottom of your tongue, can there be [[elixir]] at the tip of the tongue ?
|-
|கண்டால் காமாச்சி நாயகர், காணவிட்டால் காமாட்டி நாயகர் || In front of you they would praise you like a [[lord]]. When you are away they would ridicule you as a fool
|-
|ஏறச்சொன்னால் எருதுக்குக் கோபம், இறங்கச்சொன்னால் நொண்டிக்குக் கோபம் || The bull gets angry when a physically challenged man is asked to mount on it; if the man is asked to get down, he would get angry
|-
| எருமை வாங்கும் முன் நெய் விலை கூறுகிறதா ? || Can you ask price for your ghee before buying buffalo?
|-
|ஊர் எல்லாம் வாழ்கிறது என்று வீடு எல்லாம் அழுது புரண்டாலும் வருமா ? || Would it matter if you cry rolling all over your house that the village is prospering?
|-
| குதிரை குருடானாலும், கொள்ளு தின்கிறதில் குறைய ? || Would the blind horse eat lesser [[fodder]]?
|-
|பங்குனி என்று பருக்கிறதுமில்லை, சித்திரை என்றும் சிறுக்கிறுதுமில்லை || Neither does he expand in March nor does he get lean in April
|-
|அஞ்சும் மூன்றும் உண்டானால், அறியாப்பெண்ணும் சமைக்கும் || If the five(pepper, salt, mustard, [[cumin]], [[tamarind]]) and the three(water, fire, fuel) are at hand, even an ignorant girl can cook
|-
| இரும்பு அடிக்கிற இடத்தில நாய்க்கு என்ன வேலை ? || What work does a dog have in a blacksmith shop?
|-
| ஆசை அறுபது நாள், மோகம் முப்பது நாள், தொண்ணூறும் போனால் துடைப்பக்கட்டை || [[Lust]] for 30 days, desire for 60 days and after 90 days she looks like a [[broomstick]]
|-
| வேலியில் போகிறதை வேட்டிக்குள் விட்ட கதை || Picking some wild creature from the bush and packing it in the [[Dhoti|dhothi]] (referring to the unwanted activity and its consequence )
|-
| பொழப்பற்ற நாசுவன் பொண்டாட்டி தலையை செரச்சானாம் || Unemployed barber shaves his wife's head
|-
| யானை மேல் போகிறவனை சுண்ணாம்பு கேட்ட கதை || Asking for [[limestone]] from one who is travelling on an elephant
|-
|ஆபத்துக்கு பாவமில்லை || Necessity has no law
|-
|எறும்பு ஊறக் கல்லும் தேயும் || With enough ants creeping, even a stone gets worn out. (With perseverance anything is possible.)
|-
| கையில் வெண்ணையை வைத்து நெய் தேடுவது போல் || Searching for ghee with butter in hand
|-
| எள்ளென்றால் எண்ணையாய் நிற்கிறான் || You ask him for sesame seeds, he's ready with sesame oil. (Be one step ahead.)
|-
| விளக்கமாத்துக்கு பட்டுக்குஞ்சலம் போடுவது போல் || Like a silk tassle for a broom stick. (Similar to "putting lipstick on a pig".)
|-
|யானைக்கும் அடி சறுக்கும் || Even an elephant slips some times. (Even the mighty might fail sometimes.)
|-
|பகலில் பசுமாடு தெரியாதவனுக்கு இருட்டில் எருமைமாடு தெரியுமா? || He who can't spot a (white) cow in broad daylight can't spot a (black) buffallo in darkness.
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
* [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tamil_proverbs List of Tamil Proverbs]

[[Category:Proverbs by language]]
[[Category:Tamils]]

2008 Chennai Super Kings season

2026-04-12T15:55:10Z

Samyakkpravesh: done...

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Chennai Super Kings
| season = 2008
| coach = [[Kepler Wessels]]
| captain = [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]
| comp1 = [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Runner Up
| comp2 = [[Champions League Twenty20|CLT20]]
| comp2 result = Cancelled
| most runs = [[Suresh Raina]] (421)
| most wickets = [[Albie Morkel]] (17)
| most catches = Suresh Raina (10)
| most dismissals = [[MS Dhoni]] (6)
| prevseason =
| nextseason = [[Chennai Super Kings in 2009|2009]]
}}

[[Chennai Super Kings]] (CSK) is a franchise cricket team based in [[Chennai]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the eight teams that took part in the [[2008 Indian Premier League]] which was the inaugural season of the IPL. They were captained by [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] and coached by [[Kepler Wessels]]. They finished runners-up in the IPL after losing the finals to the [[Rajasthan Royals]] by 3 wickets. They qualified for the [[2008 Champions League Twenty20]] but the tournament was cancelled due to [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].

==Pre-season player signings==
During the first [[List of 2008 Indian Premier League auctions and personnel signings|player auctions]] for the [[2008 Indian Premier League|inaugural IPL season]], conducted in January 2008, the Chennai team bought a number of contemporary star cricketers such as [[M.S. Dhoni]], [[Matthew Hayden]], [[Stephen Fleming]], [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] and [[Michael Hussey]]. Dhoni became the costliest player of the auction, as the Chennai franchise bought him for $1.5 million.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140301135437/http://www.sify.com/sports/dhoni-snapped-up-for-1-5-million-dollars-at-ipl-auction-news-cricket-jegmHrgeibh.html Dhoni snapped up for 1.5 million dollars at IPL auction]</ref> They also bought Indian players such as [[Suresh Raina]], [[Parthiv Patel]], [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]] and [[Joginder Sharma]] and foreign players like [[Makhaya Ntini]], [[Albie Morkel]] and [[Jacob Oram]]. Apart from these they signed several Indian domestic players like [[Subramaniam Badrinath]], [[Manpreet Gony]], [[Ravichandran Ashwin]], [[Vidyut Sivaramakrishnan]], [[Anirudha Srikkanth]], [[Sudeep Tyagi]], [[Shadab Jakati]] and [[Abhinav Mukund]].

==Squad==
Players with international caps before the start of the 2008 IPL season are listed in '''bold'''.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
! align=center| No.
! align=center| Name
! align=center| Nationality
! align=center| Birth date
! align=center| Batting style
! align=center| Bowling style
! align=center| Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Batsmen
|-
|03|| '''[[Suresh Raina]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1986|11|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|Vice Captain]]
|-
|06|| [[Abhinav Mukund]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1990|1|6|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
|10|| [[Anirudha Srikkanth]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|03|15|1987|4|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
|12|| [[Vidyut Sivaramakrishnan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1981|12|3|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] ||
|-
|28|| '''[[Matthew Hayden]]''' || {{cr|Australia}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1971|10|29|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
|33|| [[Subramaniam Badrinath]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1980|8|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
|42|| [[Arun Karthik]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1986|2|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
|43|| '''[[Stephen Fleming]]''' || {{cr|new Zealand}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1973|4|1|df=y}} || Left-handed || || Overseas
|-
|48|| '''[[Michael Hussey]]''' || {{cr|Australia}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1975|5|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
||| '''[[Chamara Kapugedera]]''' || {{cr|SL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1987|2|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| All-rounders
|-
|24|| '''[[Jacob Oram]]''' || {{cr|New zealand}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1978|7|28|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right arm [[Medium pace bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
|81|| '''[[Albie Morkel]]''' || {{cr|South Africa}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1981|6|10|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right arm [[Medium pace bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
||| [[Selvam Suresh Kumar]] || {{cr|IND}} ||. {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1985|3|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
||| [[Napoleon Einstein]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1989|8|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Wicket-keepers
|-
|07|| '''[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1981|7|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
|09|| '''[[Parthiv Patel]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1985|3|9|df=y}} || Left-handed || – ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Bowlers
|-
|08|| '''[[Muttiah Muralitharan]]''' || {{cr|SL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1971|4|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Overseas
|-
|11|| '''[[Lakshmipathy Balaji]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1981|8|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||
|-
|13|| '''[[Joginder Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1983|10 |23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||
|-
|14|| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1986|9|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
|16|| '''[[Makhaya Ntini]]''' || {{cr|South Africa}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1977|7|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || Overseas
|-
|17|| [[Sudeep Tyagi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1987|9|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||Withdrew from tournament
|-
|21|| [[Palani Amarnath]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1982|6|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
|25|| [[Shadab Jakati]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1980|11|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] ||
|-
|76|| [[Manpreet Gony]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1984|1|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
||| [[Viraj Kadbe]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2008|04|15|1989|11|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|}

==Indian Premier League==
[[File:IPL T20 Chennai vs Kolkata.JPG|thumb|250 px|right|Chennai Super Kings playing the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] at the [[M.A. Chidambaram Cricket Stadium]] in the 2008 IPL.]]
The Super Kings won their first game against [[Kings XI Punjab]] by 33 runs, after scoring 240/5 which was the highest total of the tournament, a record surpassed by themselves in 2010 by scoring 246 runs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/347000.html|title=Magnificent Hussey inspires Chennai win|date=19 April 2008|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|last=Alter|first=Jamie}}</ref> Chennai also managed to win a close match against [[Mumbai Indians]] by 6 runs despite Mumbai batsman [[Abhishek Nayar]] scoring an unbeaten 45. Then they went on to beat [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] comfortably by 9 wickets and [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] by 13 runs in their next two games. But their winning run in the tournament took a hit when their overseas stars [[Matthew Hayden]], [[Michael Hussey]] and [[Jacob Oram]] had to leave for national duties. Their departure immediately affected their performance as they lost their next three games. The batting, although inconsistent, eventually adjusted to the losses of Hayden and Hussey with contributions from [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]], [[Suresh Raina]] and [[Albie Morkel]]. In the home game against [[Delhi Daredevils]], CSK were unable to defend a target of 170 due to half-centuries by Delhi openers [[Virender Sehwag]] and [[Gautam Gambhir]]. At [[Jaipur]] against the home team [[Rajasthan Royals]], the Super Kings batsmen struggled against Pakistani fast-bowler [[Sohail Tanvir]] who picked up the best bowling figures in the IPL 2008 (6/14). This was also the best bowling figures in a Twenty20 match until 2011, when [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] spinner [[Arul Suppiah]] took figures of 6 for 5 against [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]]. CSK lost another home game to [[Deccan Chargers]] which was only the second victory for the latter in the tournament. Chennai beat Delhi Daredevils in their next game by chasing a target of 188, mainly due to the cameos by [[Vidyut Sivaramakrishnan]], Fleming and Morkel. In their next game, Chennai defeated Kings XI Punjab by 18 runs after [[Subramaniam Badrinath]] and skipper Dhoni scored half-centuries. The match also witnessed Chennai's [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]] claiming the first hat-trick of the tournament and in the process also getting the first five-for (5/24 in 4 overs) in IPL history. However, they were crushed by the Mumbai Indians in [[Mumbai]] as opener [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] struck an unbeaten 114 off just 48 balls for the home team, to hand a 9-wicket defeat to the Super Kings. In their eleventh match of the season, they beat the Kolkata Knight Riders by 3 runs (D/L method) in a rain-affected match at the [[Eden Gardens]]. In the same match, [[Makhaya Ntini]] took the third hat-trick of the tournament and won the [[Man of the match]] award for his 4/32 in 4 overs. The Super Kings were unable to chase down a modest total of 127 despite being 60/0 at one stage and suffered a shock defeat at the hands of [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]. In another home game, against Rajasthan Royals, CSK went down by 10 runs chasing 212. Albie Morkel's all-round efforts (2/35 in 4 overs and 71 off 40 balls) went in vain as the Super Kings succumbed to a second straight defeat. In their last league fixture, the Super Kings could easily beat the struggling Deccan Chargers by 7 wickets, with Raina scoring an unbeaten half-century. The Super Kings managed to get a semi-final spot with this win as they finished in third place in the league table with 16 points.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/352691.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|title=Chennai Super Kings seal semi-final spot|date=27 May 2008|access-date=23 April 2011|last=Varghese|first=Mathew}}</ref>

The side played their semi-final against the [[Kings XI Punjab]], whom they managed to defeat by 9 wickets, thus entering the final. Electing to bat first, Kings XI scored only 112/8 in their 20 overs as Chennai bowlers dented the innings with wickets at regular intervals. Suresh Raina and [[Parthiv Patel]] scored unbeaten fifties and took the team to victory with more than five overs to spare.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/353124.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=31 May 2008|access-date=26 April 2011|title=Inspired Chennai send Punjab packing|last=Rajesh|first=S.}}</ref> The Chennai outfit faced the resurgent [[Rajasthan Royals]] in the final which was played at the [[DY Patil Stadium]] in [[Navi Mumbai]]. Batting first, Chennai made a decent total, 163/5, in their 20 overs, with Raina top-scoring with 43 and Parthiv Patel also contributing 38 runs. Rajasthan's run-chase was in trouble at one stage, with the scoreboard reading 42/3 in the seventh over. However, Rajasthan's all-rounder [[Shane Watson]] added 57 runs for the fourth wicket with [[Yusuf Pathan]], who went on to score 56 off just 39 balls. With 8 required off the last over for the Royals with 3 wickets in hand, the match went down to the last ball, off which [[Sohail Tanvir]] scored a single to give his side the victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/content/story/353226.html |title=Rajasthan champions after cliffhanger. Chennai Super Kings v Rajasthan Royals, final, IPL Report. Cricket News |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date= |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> Royals' all-rounder Yusuf Pathan won the Man-of-the-Match award for his all-round performance. The Chennai Super Kings won $600,000 prize money as they finished the tournament as runners-up.

===Season standings===
{{:2008 Indian Premier League|team=CSK}}

===Match log===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No
! Date
! Opponent
! Venue
! Result
! Scorecard link
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||1 || 19 April || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium|Mohali]] || Won by 33 runs, [[Man of the Match#Cricket|MoM]] – [[Michael Hussey]] 116[[Not out|*]] (54) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/335983.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||2 || 23 April || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Won by 6 runs, MoM – [[Matthew Hayden]] 81 (46) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/335989.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||3 || 26 April || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Won by 9 wickets, MoM – [[Jacob Oram]] 3/32 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/335993.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||4 || 28 April ||[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bangalore]] || Won by 13 runs, MoM – [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] 65 (30) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/335996.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
||5 || 2 May || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Lost by 8 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336001.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
||6 || 4 May || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|Jaipur]] || Lost by 8 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336005.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
||7 || 6 May || [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Lost by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336007.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||8 || 8 May || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|Delhi]] || Won by 4 Wickets, MoM – [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] 33 (33) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336009.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||9 || 10 May || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Won by 18 runs, MoM – [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]] 5/24 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336013.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
||10 || 14 May || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Lost by 9 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336018.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||11 || 18 May || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 3 runs ([[D/L method]]), MoM – [[Makhaya Ntini]] 4/21 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336025.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
||12 || 21 May || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Lost by 14 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336029.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
||13 || 24 May || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Lost by 10 runs, MoM – [[Albie Morkel]] 2/35 (4 overs) and 71 (40) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336033.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||14 || 27 May || [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Won by 7 wickets, MoM – [[Suresh Raina]] 54* (43) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336037.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
||15 || 31 May || [[Kings XI Punjab]] (Semi-final) || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Won by 9 wickets, MoM – [[Makhaya Ntini]] 2/23 (4 overs) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336039.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fbb;"
||16 || 1 June || [[Rajasthan Royals]] (Final) || [[DY Patil Stadium|Navi Mumbai]] || Lost by 3 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/336040.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#FFE87C;"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| '''Overall Record of 9 – 7'''
'''Runners-up of the 2008 Indian Premier League'''
|}

===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; width:80%"
|-
! Player !! [[Innings#Cricket|Innings]] !! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]] !! [[Batting average (cricket)|Average]] !! [[Strike rate]] !! Highest Score !! [[Century (cricket)|100s]] !! [[Century (cricket)#Half-century|50s]]
|-
| {{sortname|Suresh|Raina}} || 14 || '''456''' || 38.27 || 142.71 || 55* || 0 || 3
|-
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}} || 14 || '''414''' || 41.40 || 133.54 || 65 || 0 || 2
|-
| {{sortname|Parthiv|Patel}} || 13 || '''302''' || 27.45 || 101.68 || 54 || 0 || 2
|-
| {{sortname|Albie|Morkel}} || 10 || '''241''' || 34.42 || 147.85 || 71 || 0 || 1
|-
| {{sortname|Stephen|Fleming}} || 10 || '''196''' || 21.77 || 118.78 || 45 || 0 || 0
|}

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; width:80%"
|-
! Player !! [[Innings#Cricket|Innings]] !! [[Wicket (cricket)|Wickets]] !! [[Bowling average|Average]] !! [[Economy rate]] !! Best Bowling !! 4w
|-
| {{sortname|Albie|Morkel}} || 13 || '''17''' || 23.47 || 8.31 || 4/32 || 1
|-
| {{sortname|Manpreet|Gony}} || 16 || '''17''' || 26.05 || 7.38 || 3/34 || 0
|-
| {{sortname|Lakshmipathy|Balaji}} || 9 || '''11''' || 26.00 || 8.66 || 5/24 || 1
|-
| {{sortname|Muttiah|Muralitharan}} || 15 || '''11''' || 36.72 || 6.96 || 2/39 || 0
|-
| {{sortname|Joginder|Sharma}} || 7 || '''8''' || 28.87 || 9.68 || 2/27 || 0
|}

==Champions League Twenty20==
Chennai Super Kings, being the runners-up of the [[2008 Indian Premier League|IPL]], were among the first sides to secure a berth for the event. However, the tournament was cancelled due to [[2008 Mumbai Attacks]] and Chennai Super Kings, along with [[Rajasthan Royals]], received $1.3 million as compensation.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Chennai Super Kings}}

[[Category:Chennai Super Kings seasons]]
[[Category:2008 Indian Premier League]]

Bigg Boss Marathi

2026-03-29T12:19:56Z

Samyakkpravesh: minor updated layout per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian Marathi reality show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Bigg Boss Marathi.jpg
| image_size =
| alt_name =
| caption = The eye logo of ''Bigg Boss Marathi'' Season 6 with host [[Ritesh Deshmukh]]
| presenter = [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] (S1–S4) [[Riteish Deshmukh]] (S5–S6)
| starring =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons = 6
| num_episodes = 467 
| runtime = 90–120 minutes
| company = Endemol Shine Group (2018-19)
Banijay Entertainment (2021-26)
| first_aired = {{Start date|2018|04|15|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| network = [[Colors Marathi]]
| location =
| voices = Ratnakar Tardalkar
| based_on = ''[[Bigg Boss]]''
}}

'''''Bigg Boss Marathi''''' is the [[Marathi-language]] version of the [[reality television]] programme ''[[Bigg Boss]]'', based on ''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]'', which airs on [[Colors Marathi]]. [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] hosted the show for four seasons and the fifth, sixth season was hosted by [[Ritesh Deshmukh]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/bigg-boss-marathi-6-ritesh-deshmukh-will-host-new-season-salman-khan-wishes-him-best-luck-a-a971/|title= Bigg Boss Marathi 6: रितेश देशमुखच असणार 'बिग बॉस मराठी'चा होस्ट, सलमान खान म्हणाला- "भाऊ तुम्ही..." | work= [[Lokmat]]|date=1 December 2025|access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref> The third season was to be launched in May 2020, but was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Exclusive: Bigg Boss Marathi season 3 to premiere in 2021 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-bigg-boss-marathi-season-3-to-premiere-in-2021/articleshow/79386147.cms|access-date=2020-12-03|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The season eventually started on 19 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss Marathi 3 to have grand launch on 19 September; Mahesh Manjrekar to host the show post-cancer recovery - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-3-to-have-grand-launch-on-19-september-mahesh-manjrekar-to-host-the-show-post-cancer-recovery/articleshow/85659184.cms|access-date=2021-08-26|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Overview ==
=== Concept ===
''Bigg Boss Marathi'' is a reality show based on the Hindi show ''[[Bigg Boss]]'', which itself is based on the original Dutch ''[[Big Brother (Dutch TV series)|Big Brother]]'' format developed by [[John de Mol Jr.]] A number of contestants (known as "housemates") live in a purpose-built house and are isolated from the rest of the world. Each week, housemates nominate two of their fellow housemates for eviction, and the housemates who receive the most nominations would face a public vote. Eventually, one housemate would leave after being "evicted" from the House. In the final week, there will be five housemates remaining, and the public will vote for who they wanted to win. Unlike other versions of ''Big Brother'', the Marathi version uses celebrities as housemates, not members of the general public.

=== Rules ===
They are not supposed to tamper with any of the electronic equipment or any other thing in the House. They cannot leave the House premises at any time except when permitted to. They cannot discuss the nomination process with anyone. They cannot sleep in the day time. Also, they need to wear mic all the time and speak in only Marathi language. Sometimes, the housemates may be nominated for other reasons, such as nomination by a person who has achieved special privileges (via tasks or other things), for breaking rules or something else. If something is very serious, a contestant may be evicted directly. All the rules have never been told to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen. The inmates are not permitted to talk in any other language than Marathi language.

=== Nomination ===
Nomination is a mandatory activity, usually taking place on first day of the week in which all housemates need to take part unless directed by Bigg Boss. Each housemate nominates two other housemates for eviction. Housemates getting maximum nomination votes will be nominated for eviction from the house in that week and undergoes public vote (through [[JioCinema]]) for retention. On the weekend episode, usually one contestant with lowest public votes will be evicted from the house. A housemate may also be directly nominated for eviction by that week's captain of the house or for other reasons by the Bigg Boss. Housemates who are awarded 'immunity' can not be nominated by other contestants. Immunity is automatically given to the week's captain and can be earned by contestants through winning specific tasks or achieving secret tasks given by Bigg Boss. Sometimes, the captain can make a contestant immune from nomination upon Bigg Boss' direction. The housemates are not allowed to discuss about the nominations or the nomination process with each other.

=== Captaincy ===
The captaincy concept was introduced in the second season. A captain is selected for every week by the Bigg Boss through specific tasks or elected by the housemates. A captain will have additional privileges in the form of immunity from nomination for that particular week, exemption from participating in the task activities and a separate bedroom with facilities more than that of other contestants. The captain will be exempted from nomination procedure for his/her captaincy week and will have power to either nominate a housemate directly or make a housemate immune from nomination or rescue a nominated housemate, depending on Bigg Boss' decisions. Captain's main duty is to supervise the weekly task and make sure the conditions and stipulations are met and task is performed well to procure the 'luxury budget' for the next week. Captains should also keep an eye on house rules and may punish a housemate for violating the rules.

=== Broadcast ===
''Bigg Boss Marathi'' is aired on [[Colors Marathi]] and [[JioCinema]]. Everyday's episodes contain the main happenings of the previous day. Every weekend episode mainly focuses on an interview of the evicted contestant by the host.

=== Eviction ===
Contestants are nominated every week by their housemates. Viewers cast their vote in favour of the contestants they would like to save from eviction. The contestant with the fewest votes is evicted from the house.

=== Events ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:89%; line-height:13px;"
! style="width: 8%;" |Day
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Monday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Tuesday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Wednesday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Thursday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Friday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Saturday}}
! style="width: 6%;" | {{nowrap|Sunday}}
|-
! Event
|Nominations
| colspan="2" |Weekly task
|Luxury budget task
|Captaincy task
|Interview
|Eviction
|}

== Series details ==
{{Series overview
| auxA = Host
| auxB = House Location
| auxC = House Theme
| infoA = Days
| infoB = Housemates
| infoC = Prize Money
| infoD = Winner
| infoE = Runner-up
| color1 = #24bcfb
| link1 = Bigg Boss Marathi season 1
| auxA1 = [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
| auxB1 = [[Lonavala]]
| auxC1 = Traditional
| infoA1 = 98
| infoB1 = 18
| infoC1 = {{INRConvert|75|l}}
| infoD1 = [[Megha Dhade]]
| infoE1 = [[Pushkar Jog]]
| episodes1 = 99
| start1 = {{start date|2018|04|15|df=y}}
| end1 = {{end date|2018|07|22|df=y}}
| network1 = [[Colors Marathi]]
| color2 = #7F2DB6
| link2 = Bigg Boss Marathi season 2
| auxB2 = [[Film City, Mumbai]]
| auxC2 = Royal Mansion
| infoA2 = 98
| infoB2 = 17
| infoC2 = {{INRConvert|75|l}}
| infoD2 = [[Shiv Thakare]]
| infoE2 = [[Neha Shitole]]
| episodes2 = 99
| start2 = {{start date|2019|05|26|df=y}}
| end2 = {{end date|2019|09|01|df=y}}
| color3 = #48D1CC
| auxC3 = Cultural
| link3 = Bigg Boss Marathi season 3
| infoA3 = 98
| infoB3 = 17
| infoC3 = {{INRConvert|40|l}}
| infoD3 = [[Vishal Nikam]]
| infoE3 = Jay Dudhane
| episodes3 = 99
| start3 = {{start date|2021|09|19|df=y}}
| end3 = {{end date|2021|12|26|df=y}}
| color4 = #e754a5
| auxC4 = Chawl
| link4 = Bigg Boss Marathi season 4
| infoA4 = 98
| infoB4 = 19
| infoC4 = {{INRConvert|50|l}}
| infoD4 = [[Akshay Kelkar]]
| infoE4 = [[Apurva Nemlekar]]
| episodes4 = 99
| start4 = {{start date|2022|10|02|df=y}}
| end4 = {{end date|2023|01|08|df=y}}
| color5 = #FCB103
| auxC5 = Maze
| link5 = Bigg Boss Marathi season 5
| auxA5 = [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
| infoA5 = 70
| infoB5 = 17
| infoC5 = {{INRConvert|25|l}}
| infoD5 = Suraj Chavan
| infoE5 = [[Abhijeet Sawant]]
| episodes5 = 71
| start5 = {{start date|2024|07|28|df=y}}
| end5 = {{end date|2024|10|06|df=y}}

| color6 = #B60000
| auxC6 = Doors and windows
| link6 = Bigg Boss Marathi season 6
| auxA6 =
| infoA6 = 98
| infoB6 = 21
| infoC6 =
| infoD6 =
| infoE6 =
| episodes6 = 99
| start6 = {{start date|2026|01|11|df=y}}
| end6 = {{end date|2026|04|19|df=y}}
}}

== Housemate pattern ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:20px; width:auto;"
! Clique
![[Bigg Boss Marathi season 1|S1]]
![[Bigg Boss Marathi season 2|S2]]
![[Bigg Boss Marathi season 3|S3]]
![[Bigg Boss Marathi season 4|S4]]
![[Bigg Boss Marathi season 5|S5]]
![[Bigg Boss Marathi season 6|S6]]
|-
! rowspan="8" |Film Star
| {{Yes|[[Megha Dhade]]}}
| Digambar Naik
| [[Surekha Kudachi]]
| [[Tejaswini Lonari]]
| [[Varsha Usgaonkar]]
| Deepali Bhosle-Sayed
|-
| Bhushan Kadu
| {{CFinalist|[[Kishori Shahane]]}}
| Akshay Waghmare
| Megha Ghadge
| {{CFinalist|[[Nikki Tamboli]]}}
| [[Sonali Raut]]
|-
| {{Runner-up|[[Pushkar Jog]]}}
| {{CFinalist|Aroh Velankar}}
| Avishkar Darwhekar
| Aroh Velankar
| Pandharinath Kamble
| [[Raqesh Bapat]]
|-
| [[Rajesh Shringarpure]]
| Abhijeet Kelkar
| [[Neetha Shetty]]
! —
! —
! —
|-
| [[Resham Tipnis]]
| {{Runner-up|[[Neha Shitole]]}}
! —
! —
! —
! —
|-
| {{CFinalist|[[Sai Lokur]]}}
| Vidyadhar Joshi
! —
! —
! —
! —
|-
| {{CFinalist|[[Smita Gondkar]]}}
| Maithily Jawkar
! —
! —
! —
! —
|-
| Sushant Shelar
! —
! —
! —
! —
! —
|-
! rowspan="10" |Television Star
| [[Usha Nadkarni]]
| {{CFinalist|Veena Jagtap}}
| {{CFinalist|Vikas Patil}}
| [[Yashashri Masurkar]]
| Yogita Chavan
| Tanvi Kolte
|-
| [[Jui Gadkari]]
| {{CFinalist|[[Shivani Surve]]}}
| Gayatri Datar
| [[Amruta Deshmukh]]
| Vaibhav Chavan
| [[Vishal Kotian]]
|-
| Rutuja Dharmadhikari
| [[Maadhav Deochake]]
| [[Sneha Wagh]]
| {{Runner-up|[[Apurva Nemlekar]]}}
| Nikhil Damle
| Ayush Sanjeev
|-
| {{CFinalist|Aastad Kale}}
| [[Rupali Bhosale]]
| {{Yes|[[Vishal Nikam]]}}
| {{CFinalist|Amruta Dhongade}}
| {{CFinalist|Jahnavi Killekar}}
! —
|-
| Vinit Bhonde
| {{Runner-up|[[Neha Shitole]]}}
| Mira Jagannath
| Nikhil Rajeshirke
! —
! —
|-
| Nandkishor Choughule
! —
| Sonali Patil
| {{CFinalist|[[Kiran Mane]]}}
! —
! —
|-
| {{CFinalist|[[Sharmishtha Raut]]}}
! —
| Adish Vaidya
| {{Yes|[[Akshay Kelkar]]}}
! —
! —
|-
! —
! —
! —
| [[Ruchira Jadhav]]
! —
! —
|-
! —
! —
! —
| [[Prasad Jawade]]
! —
! —
|-
! —
! —
! —
| Snehlata Vasaikar
! —
! —
|-
! rowspan="2" | Singer
| [[Tyagraj Khadilkar]]
| [[Vaishali Mhade]]
| {{CFinalist|Utkarsh Shinde}}
! —
| {{Runner-up|[[Abhijeet Sawant]]}}
|[[Prajakta Shukre]]
|-
! —
! —
| Santosh Choudhari
! —
| Aarya Jadhav
| Sachin Kumavat
|-
! Journalist
| Anil Thatte
! —
! —
! —
! —
! —
|-
! Comedian
| Aarti Solanki
! —
! —
! —
| Pandharinath Kamble
| Sagar Karande
|-
! International Star
! —
! —
! —
! —
| Irina Rudakova
! —
|-
! rowspan="2" | Dancer
| {{Runner-up|[[Pushkar Jog]]}}
| [[Surekha Punekar]]
! —
| Vikas Sawant
! —
| Radha Patil
|-
! —
| [[Heena Panchal]]
! —
| {{CFinalist|[[Rakhi Sawant]]}}
! —
| [[Rakhi Sawant]]
|-
! Chef
! —
| Parag Kanhare
! —
! —
! —
! —
|-
! Political Personality
! —
| Abhijeet Bichukale
| [[Trupti Desai]]
! —
! —
| Divya Shinde
|-
! rowspan="2" | Seasoned Model
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | —
| Rohit Shinde
| Nikki Tamboli
| Roshan Bhajankar
|-
! —
| [[Sangram Chougule]]
! —
|-
! rowspan="2" | Reality Show Alumni
! —
| {{Yes|[[Shiv Thakare]]}}
| {{CFinalist|Meenal Shah}}
| Samruddhi Jadhav
| Arbaz Patel
| Ruchita Jamdar
|-
! —
! —
! —
| {{Runner-up|Jay Dudhane}}
| Yogesh Jadhav
! —
|-
! rowspan="4" | You Tube Sensation
! —
! —
! —
! —
| {{CFinalist|Ankita Prabhu Walawalkar}}
| Karan Sonawane
|-
! —
! —
! —
! —
| {{CFinalist|Dhananjay Powar}}
| Prabhu Shelke
|-
! —
! —
! —
! —
| Ghanashyam Darvade
| Anushri Mane
|-
! —
! —
! —
! —
| {{Won|Suraj Chavan}}
! —
|-
! Motivational Speaker
! —
! —
| Shivlila Patil
! —
| Purushottam Dada Patil
! —
|-
! Non - Celebrity
! —
! —
! —
| Trishul Marathe
! —
| Omkar Raut
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |
|-
! bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Winner
| {{Yes|'''[[Megha Dhade]]'''}}
| {{Yes|'''[[Shiv Thakare]]'''}}
| {{Yes|'''[[Vishal Nikam]]'''}}
| {{Yes|'''[[Akshay Kelkar]]'''}}
| {{Yes|'''Suraj Chavan'''}}
| {{TBA}}
|-
! bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Runner up
| {{Runner-up|'''[[Pushkar Jog]]'''}}
| {{Runner-up|'''[[Neha Shitole]]'''}}
| {{Runner-up|'''Jay Dudhane'''}}
| {{Runner-up|'''[[Apurva Nemlekar]]'''}}
| {{Runner-up|'''[[Abhijeet Sawant]]'''}}
| {{TBA}}
|}

== Controversies ==
=== Season 1 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Marathi season 1}}
* [[Resham Tipnis]] and [[Rajesh Shringarpure]] rumour relationship created controversy in the Bigg Boss House.<ref>{{Cite web|title="रेशम ही माझ्या घरातील एक सदस्य - राजेश शृंगारपुरे"|url=https://www.lokmat.com/entertainment/marathi-bigg-boss-rajesh-shringarpure-reaction-relation-resham-tipnis/|access-date=2020-12-02|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=21 May 2018 |language=mr}}</ref>
* On Day 8, The Khurchi Samrat Task divided the House into two groups leading to several controversies.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss Marathi Written update, April 25, 2018: Day 8, Team Aastad wins the Khurchi Samrat task - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-written-update-april-25-2018-day-8-team-aastad-wins-the-khurchi-samrat-task/articleshow/63920940.cms|access-date=2020-12-02|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* In a captaincy task where contenders were [[Jui Gadkari]] and [[Pushkar Jog]]. A tie-breaker task followed, during which some contestants displayed aggressive behavior. In the heat of competition, [[Usha Nadkarni]], Jui, and Anil Thatte were injured after falling, but the game continued. A major confrontation erupted between Sushant Shelar and Pushkar Jog, with the former resorting to inappropriate language. Despite efforts from [[Rajesh Shringarpure]] and Aastad Kale to calm the situation, tensions remained high. The show saw contestants engaging in loud arguments, with some physical altercations occurring during the task.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-04 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 4 May 2018, Day 19, Show Highlights: Pushkar Jog and Jui Gadkari's Fight For Captaincy Has Contestants Divided; House Turns Into War Zone |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-marathi-4-may-2018-day-19-show-highlights-pushkar-jog-and-jui-gadkaris-fight-for-captaincy-has-contestants-divided-house-turns-into-war-zone-3035820/ |access-date= |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Season 2 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Marathi season 2}}
* During the Chor Bazaar Task, [[Shivani Surve]] tried to pull Veena Jagtap inside the jail. But, as she refused to come, both started fighting then [[Shivani Surve]] kicked Veena Jagtap.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss Marathi 2: From assaults on female inmates to a contestant being arrested by police, a look at the controversies of this season - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-2-from-assaults-on-female-inmates-to-a-contestant-being-arrested-by-police-a-look-at-the-controversies-of-this-season/shivani-surve-and-veena-jagtaps-physical-violence/photostory/70023865.cms|access-date=2020-12-02|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=बिग बॉसचा कठोर निर्णय; शिवानी-वीणा ठरणार अपात्र!|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/marathi-bigg-boss/shivani-surve-and-veena-jagtap-to-be-get-punished-and-eliminated-in-todays-episode-of-bigg-boss-marathi-2/articleshow/69688194.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Shivani Surve]] had asked Bigg Boss to let her go home and threatened to file case against the makers if they don't do so. When Bigg Boss warned her for the same, she apologised to Bigg Boss.<ref>{{Cite web|title=मला बाहेर काढा; नाहीतर कायदेशीर कारवाईला तयार रहा: शिवानी|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/marathi-bigg-boss/bigg-boss-marathi-2-june-12-2019-day-18-shivani-wants-to-leave-the-house-immediately-threatens-legal-action/articleshow/69765649.cms|access-date=2021-03-20|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss Marathi 2 written update, June 12, 2019 : Shivani Surve threatens to take legal action against the makers, Bigg Boss says they will reply it the same way - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-2-written-update-june-12-2019-shivani-surve-threatens-to-take-legal-action-against-the-makers-bigg-boss-says-they-will-reply-it-the-same-way/articleshow/69766456.cms|access-date=2021-03-20|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Abhijeet Bichukale was arrested from the house in connection with a cheque bouncing case.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss Marathi 2 contestant Abhijit Bichukale gets jail for extortion case now - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/abhijit-bichukale-gets-jail-for-extortion-case-now/articleshow/69906210.cms|access-date=2020-12-02|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Marathi Bigg Boss contestant Abhijit Bichukale held in a case of cheque-bounce|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/marathi-bigg-boss-contestant-abhijit-bichukale-arrested-in-a-case-of-bounced-cheque/story-0J8AAAhCCQzDKvsjZkvHQL.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=23 June 2019 }}</ref>
* Parag Kanhere got into a physical fight with [[Neha Shitole]]. He ended up slapping her and physical altercation with [[Vaishali Mhade]] causing a ruckus in the House.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bigg Boss Marathi 2: Parag Kanhere is thrown out of the house - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-2-parag-kanhere-is-not-thrown-out-of-the-house/articleshow/69984636.cms|access-date=2020-12-02|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=बिग बॉसच्या घरातून पराग कान्हेरे बाहेर?|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/marathi-bigg-boss/bigg-boss-marathi-2-june-27-2019-day-32-episode-update-parag-kanhere-slaps-neha/articleshow/69980684.cms|access-date=2020-12-22|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref>

=== Season 3 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Marathi season 3}}
* Jay Dudhane and Utkarsh Shinde locked up Vikas Patil in the jail and did not allow him to come out as per the task. Vikas fought with them and questioned why they didn't want their own team member to win the captaincy. Vikas's friend [[Vishal Nikam]] went to help him out and opened the door of the jail by kicking.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 3: From Vishal Nikam breaking the jail door during a task to Jay Dudhane-Vikas Patil's verbal spats, a look at the ugly fights of the season - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-3-from-vishal-nikam-breaking-the-jail-door-during-a-task-to-jay-dudhane-vikas-patils-verbal-spats-a-look-at-the-ugly-fights-of-the-season/photostory/88475267.cms |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* During one of the task, Sonali Patil and Mira Jagannath got into a physical fight. Mira informed Bigg Boss that she would hit Sonali if she continued to lock her in the task. Later, Bigg Boss had to ask both of them to stay away from each other.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 3: Sonali Patil And Mira Jagannath Engage In Ugly Fight |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/marathi-movies/news/bigg-boss-marathi-3-sonali-patil-and-mira-jagannath-engage-in-ugly-fight-324668.html |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Filmibeat|date=18 November 2021 }}</ref>
* Jay Dudhane hid Adish Vaidya's pumpkin in the garden area. Jay held Adish and did not give him a chance to reach the winning line. Adish finding Jay's game unfair told Jay to be creative in task. This led to a heated argument between the two leading to them calling each other by inappropriate names. Adish also called out Jay for threatening him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 3: Adish Vaidya Calls Jay Dudhane 'Dog'; Mira Becomes First Contender For Captaincy |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/marathi-movies/news/bigg-boss-marathi-3-adish-vaidya-calls-jay-dudhane-dog-mira-becomes-first-contender-captaincy-323037.html |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Filmibeat|date=20 October 2021 }}</ref>

=== Season 4 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Marathi season 4}}
* Vikas Sawant and Rohit Shinde were seen getting embroiled in an argument regarding the Sugar and Ant task. While playing the task, the duo collided physically. Later, Rohit charged Vikas to beat him. The other members of the house stopped them and tried to resolve the quarrel between the two. Seeing the fight between them, Bigg Boss announced a punishment for them - putting both of them in jail.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=BB Marathi 4: Bigg Boss Puts Rohit Shinde And Vikas Sawant In Jail Following Duo's Clash |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bb-marathi-4-bigg-boss-puts-rohit-chavan-and-vikas-sawant-in-jail-following-duos-clash-6470491.html |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
* [[Rakhi Sawant]] was seen searching for her coffee as someone hid it inside the house. She threatened to create ruckus if she didn't find it. When [[Akshay Kelkar]] told her to do that, she started breaking utensils in the kitchen. She was also seen running towards Akshay Kelkar to attack him. Bigg Boss later nominated Rakhi as punishment for one week.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 4 promo: Rakhi Sawant attacks Apurva Nemlekar, Akshay Kelkar, breaks utensils |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bigg-boss-marathi-4-promo-rakhi-sawant-attacks-apurva-nemlekar-akshay-kelkar-breaks-utensils-article-96226789 |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=[[Times Now News]]}}</ref>
* [[Rakhi Sawant]] and Amruta Dhongade indulged in unwanted physical fight. It all started when Amruta Dh locked Rakhi Sawant in the washroom when she went to have a bath. Amruta opened Rakhi's door later and denied doing anything. As a revenge, Rakhi went to the washroom, filled a bucket full of water and flipped the same on Amruta Dh while the latter was getting ready on her bed. Amruta Dh and Rakhi later got into a physical fight while the rest of the housemates tried to solve the fight. Bigg Boss later told them that it was a last warning for them.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 4: Amruta Dhongade and Rakhi Sawant indulge in an ugly physical fight, Bigg Boss gives a last warning to both - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-4-amruta-dhongade-and-rakhi-sawant-indulge-in-an-ugly-physical-fight-bigg-boss-gives-a-last-warning-to-both/articleshow/96605138.cms |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Season 5 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Marathi season 5}}
* Jahnavi Killekar and [[Varsha Usgaonkar]] got into a heated argument. During the confrontation, Jahnavi criticized Varsha's acting career and her awards, going so far as to say that the government would regret giving her those honors. This incident sparked a major controversy outside the Bigg Boss house.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title="ताई ही घाणेरडी अ‍ॅक्टिंग...", जान्हवीकडून वर्षा उसगांवकरांचा अपमान; नेटकरी संतप्त होत म्हणाले, "लाज वाटली पाहिजे..." |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-jahnavi-killekar-trolled-for-disrespecting-varsha-usgaonker-sva-00-4529060/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* All the housemates were given a task involving a doll. Team B accused [[Nikki Tamboli]] of damaging their doll and misbehaving with them, specifically breaking the doll's leg. After [[Varsha Usgaonkar]] reported this to the makers, Nikki made a controversial remark about Varsha's motherhood, saying, "Have you seen their feelings? How can you understand a mother's love?" This statement caused an uproar, leading to widespread backlash against Nikki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-16 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi Season 5: Nikki Tamboli Apologises To Varsha Usgaonkar For This Reason |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-nikki-tamboli-apologises-to-varsha-usgaonkar-for-this-reason-9017433.html |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
* Jahnavi Killekar and Pandharinath Kamble had an argument where Jahnavi criticized him, claiming that he had been overacting throughout his entire career and was still doing so. This remark sparked a major controversy in the Marathi film industry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Marathi Season 5: Jahnavi killekar and Paddy Kamble's Heated Exchange Leaves House Divided (Watch Video) |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-jahnavi-killekar-and-paddy-kambles-heated-exchange-leaves-house-divided-watch-video-a510/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Lokmat Times]]}}</ref>
* All the contestants were assigned the task of guarding a "magic diamond" to win the captaincy. During the task, [[Nikki Tamboli]] and Aarya Jadhao got into a heated argument that quickly turned physical. Aarya was guarding the diamond inside a room and blocked the door to keep Nikki out. Despite Nikki's attempts to convince her to let her in, Aarya refused. At this point, Arbaaz Patel stepped in to help Nikki forcibly opened the door, allowing her to enter. Following this, Nikki and Aarya began pushing each other at the doorway, while other housemates urged them to stop. The situation escalated further when Aarya slapped Nikki. Bigg Boss announced a punishment for Aarya by putting her in the jail, Later on the weekend she got ejected from the show for violating the show's rules. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-13 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 5: Aarya Jadhao Slaps Nikki Tamboli In Controversial Captaincy Task |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-marathi-5-aarya-jadhao-slaps-nikki-tamboli-in-controversial-captaincy-task-9049961.html |access-date= |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Season 6 ===
{{Main|Bigg Boss Marathi season 6}}

* A controversy occurred during following a task in which contestants were required to mark the face of a non-participating housemate with a red cross sign. When it was Tanvi Kolte’s turn, she named Divya Shinde as the selected contestant. This led to an angry outburst from Divya, during which she allegedly issued threats of violence, including statements about attacking and killing fellow housemates. Despite Bigg Boss intervening and warning her, Divya reportedly continued to repeat that her statements were intended as threats. Subsequently, Bigg Boss summoned Divya and [[Raqesh Bapat]] to the confession room and offered Divya an opportunity to acknowledge and rectify her behaviour. However, Divya remained firm in her stance despite Raqesh advising her to exercise restraint in her language. The following day, in the presence of all housemates, Bigg Boss cited the seriousness of the incident and, citing the safety of the contestants, imposed a penalty by evicting Divya from the house with immediate effect.<ref>{{Cite web |last=team |first=abp majha web |title=बिग बॉसच्या घरातून हकालपट्टी, बाहेर पडताच दिव्या शिंदेची पहिली पोस्ट, चाहत्यांना म्हणाली.. |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-marathi-6-divya-shinde-first-post-after-exit-in-bigg-boss-house-1411774 |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.colorsmarathi.com/shows/Bigg_Boss_Marathi/ ''Bigg Boss Marathi''] at [[Colors Marathi]]
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/bigg-boss/1971002145 ''Bigg Boss Marathi''] at [[JioHotstar]]

{{Bigg Boss Marathi}}
{{Bigg Boss (franchise)}}
{{Big Brother}}

[[Category:Colors Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss Marathi]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Indian game shows]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television controversies in India]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in television]]
[[Category:Race-related controversies in television]]

Karaikudi Assembly constituency

2026-03-29T11:31:58Z

Samyakkpravesh: corrected lead further and updated info for clarity

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{coord|10.07|N|78.78|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 184
| map_image = Constitution-Karaikudi.svg
| established = 1951
| district = [[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency|Sivaganga]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| mla = [[S. Mangudi]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| name = Karaikudi
| electors = 303,371
| reservation = None
}}

'''Karaikudi''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Sivaganga district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref>
Most successful party: INC (five times). It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India.

==History==
[[Karaikudi]] is a part of Karaikudi Assembly constituency and it elects a member to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm
| title = List of Assembly Constituencies| year=2010| access-date =2012-12-28| work = Tamil Nadu
| publisher = Tamil Nadu state government}}</ref> From the 1977 elections, [[ADMK|All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) won the assembly seat four times (in the 1977, 1984, 1991 and 2009 elections), two times by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK, 1980 and 1989), once by Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC, 1996) and three by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) won during the 2006, 2016 and 2019 elections. The current member of the legislative assembly is S. Mangudi from the INC.<ref name="MLA of Karaikudi">{{cite web |title= MLA of Karaikudi |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/constnamewise.htm |publisher= Government of Tamil Nadu |year= 2016 |access-date= 2016-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp207.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011}}</ref>

Karaikudi is a part of [[Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency]]. The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is [[Karti Chidambaram]] from the INC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=94}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===

{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Chockalingam Chettiar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[M. A. Muthiah Chettiar]]
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[Saw Ganesan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[S. Meiyappan]]
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[C. T. Chidambaram]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[P. Kaliyappan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| C. T. Chidambaram
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[S. P. Durairasu]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[R. M. Narayanan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[M. Karpagam]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[N. Sundaram]]
| {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[H. Raja]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| N. Sundaram
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| Cholan [[C. T. Palanichamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[K. R. Ramasamy (politician)|K. R. Ramasamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[S. Mangudi]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|35.75}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.40}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.01}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.70}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|48.40}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|62.98}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|65.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.24}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.98}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.78}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|32.03}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|59.82}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Swatantra Party}}|58.73}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Swatantra Party}}|49.31}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.34}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|58.81}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= |party=Indian National Congress|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dherpoki V. Pandi|party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= [[Seeman]]|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= T. K. Prabhu|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 303371|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. Mangudndian|party= Indian National Congress |votes=75,954 |percentage=35.75 |change=-10.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[H. Raja]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=54,365 |percentage=25.59 |change=+23.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dherpoki V. Pandi |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,864 |percentage=21.12 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Durai Manickam |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=23,872 |percentage=11.24 |change=8.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajkumar |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=8,351 |percentage=3.93 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,349 |percentage=0.63 |change=-0.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Vanitha |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=702 |percentage=0.33 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Baluswamy |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=652 |percentage=0.31 |change=-0.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Meenal |party=Independent politician |votes=548 |percentage=0.26 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Velu |party=Independent politician |votes=504 |percentage=0.24 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Naina Mohamed |party=Independent politician |votes=416 |percentage=0.20 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,589 |percentage=10.16 |change=+1.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=212,456 |percentage=67.01 |change= -3.28 }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=304 |percentage=0.14 }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 317,041 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -10.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. R. Ramasamy (Politician)|K. R. Ramasamy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=93,419 |percentage=46.40 |change=6.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karpagam Ilango |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=75,136 |percentage=37.32 |change=-13.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sevanthiappan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,279 |percentage=7.09 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Parimalam |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=5,344 |percentage=2.65 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Muthulakshmi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,969 |percentage=2.47 |change=-0.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,688 |percentage=1.33 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Saravanan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,601 |percentage=0.80 |change=-0.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. R. Duraipandi |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=897 |percentage=0.45 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate|candidate=R. Rajkumar |party=[[Namadhu Makkal Katchi|NMK]] |votes=723 |percentage=0.36 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Rabiq Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=547 |percentage=0.27 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Tamilkarthick |party=Independent politician |votes=471 |percentage=0.23 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,283 |percentage=9.08 |change=-2.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=201,355 |percentage=70.30 |change= -4.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 286,435 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. T. Palanichamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=86,104 |percentage=51.01 |change=14.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. R. Ramasamy (Politician)|K. R. Ramasamy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=67,204 |percentage=39.81 |change=-8.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Chidambaram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,194 |percentage=2.48 |change=-0.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Asaithambi |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=3,895 |percentage=2.31 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Baluswamy |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,272 |percentage=1.35 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rajkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,728 |percentage=1.02 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Anandhakumar |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=999 |percentage=0.59 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Karasingam |party=Independent politician |votes=885 |percentage=0.52 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Rabiq Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=772 |percentage=0.46 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U. Maheswaran |party=Independent politician |votes=744 |percentage=0.44 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,900 |percentage=11.20 |change=-1.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=226,934 |percentage=74.38 |change= 11.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 168,797 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 2.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Sundaram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=64,013 |percentage=48.70 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=O. L. Venkatachalam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,767 |percentage=36.34 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Baskaran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=13,094 |percentage=9.96 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. K. Raman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,787 |percentage=2.88 |change=-45.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=H. Mohamed Hanifa |party=Independent politician |votes=1,833 |percentage=1.39 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. L. Alagappan |party=Independent politician |votes=938 |percentage=0.71 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,246 |percentage=12.36 |change=10.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=131,432 |percentage=63.01 |change= 3.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 208,583 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= 0.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[H. Raja]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=54,093 |percentage=48.40 |change=47.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Udayappan |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=52,442 |percentage=46.93 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Venkatesan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,937 |percentage=2.63 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Rajendran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,280 |percentage=1.15 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ar. Periasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,001 |percentage=0.90 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,651 |percentage=1.48 |change=-39.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=111,753 |percentage=59.13 |change= -4.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 189,003 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -14.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Sundaram]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=76,888 |percentage=62.98 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Raju |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,504 |percentage=21.71 |change=-43.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Asokan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,055 |percentage=8.24 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppiah Pazha |party=Independent politician |votes=5,378 |percentage=4.41 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Muthiah |party=Independent politician |votes=1,904 |percentage=1.56 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. M. Alagappan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=810 |percentage=0.66 |change=-1.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Abdul Latif |party=Independent politician |votes=178 |percentage=0.15 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. J. Simon Paul Jayasingh |party=Independent politician |votes=155 |percentage=0.13 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Perumal |party=Independent politician |votes=151 |percentage=0.12 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. A. V. Samlappan |party=Independent politician |votes=53 |percentage=0.04 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=50,384 |percentage=41.27 |change=6.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=122,076 |percentage=63.21 |change= 3.02 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 200,521 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. Karpagam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=71,912 |percentage=65.68 |change=46.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. T. Chidambaram]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,601 |percentage=30.69 |change=-10.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. G. Karunakaran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,090 |percentage=1.91 |change=0.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Abdul Rahman |party=Independent politician |votes=651 |percentage=0.59 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=O. M. Ganesan |party=Independent politician |votes=335 |percentage=0.31 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Arunachalam |party=Independent politician |votes=248 |percentage=0.23 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajendran |party=Independent politician |votes=216 |percentage=0.20 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Nagalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=200 |percentage=0.18 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Karpagam |party=Independent politician |votes=167 |percentage=0.15 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Vairamuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=63 |percentage=0.06 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,311 |percentage=34.99 |change=12.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=109,483 |percentage=60.19 |change= -7.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,714 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 24.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. M. Narayanan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=45,790 |percentage=41.24 |change=2.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Durairasu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=21,305 |percentage=19.19 |change=-29.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Shanmugam |party=Independent politician |votes=19,856 |percentage=17.88 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Geeva Ram Anandh |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=18,573 |percentage=16.73 |change=-32.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Arujothi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,672 |percentage=1.51 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Gopal |party=Tamil Nadu Congress (K) |votes=1,658 |percentage=1.49 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Rasa |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,416 |percentage=1.28 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Sekar |party=Independent politician |votes=366 |percentage=0.33 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rasendran |party=Independent politician |votes=205 |percentage=0.18 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nachiappan Kr |party=Independent politician |votes=188 |percentage=0.17 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,485 |percentage=22.05 |change=12.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=111,029 |percentage=67.90 |change= -5.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,611 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -7.74 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Durairasu]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,760 |percentage=48.98 |change=1.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. T. Chidambaram]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,101 |percentage=39.08 |change=-12.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Boominathan |party=Independent politician |votes=11,324 |percentage=11.61 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Gunasekaran |party=Independent politician |votes=319 |percentage=0.33 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,659 |percentage=9.91 |change=5.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=97,504 |percentage=73.05 |change= 5.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,404 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.80 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. T. Chidambaram]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,541 |percentage=51.78 |change=30.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kaliappan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,648 |percentage=47.45 |change=15.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. M. Alagappan |party=Independent politician |votes=697 |percentage=0.78 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,893 |percentage=4.33 |change=4.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=89,886 |percentage=67.96 |change= 1.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,753 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 19.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kaliyappan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,403 |percentage=32.03 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Chidambaram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,163 |percentage=31.75 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. T. Chidambaram]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=18,228 |percentage=21.31 |change=-38.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pala. Karuppiah|P. L. Karuppia]] |party=Janata Party |votes=12,763 |percentage=14.92 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=240 |percentage=0.28 |change=-19.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=85,557 |percentage=66.57 |change= -4.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,184 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -27.79 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. T. Chidambaram]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,986 |percentage=59.82 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. R. Ramaswamy |party=Swatantra Party |votes=26,858 |percentage=40.18 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,128 |percentage=19.64 |change=-5.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,844 |percentage=71.47 |change= -4.81 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,287 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Swatantra Party |swing= 1.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Madras201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Madras201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. Meiyappan |party=Swatantra Party |votes=38,310 |percentage=58.73 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. V. C. V. V. Chettiar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,992 |percentage=33.71 |change=-7.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. H. Nathan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,928 |percentage=7.55 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,318 |percentage=25.02 |change=16.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,230 |percentage=76.28 |change= 7.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,938 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Swatantra Party |loser=Swatantra Party |swing= 9.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Saw Ganesan]] |party=Swatantra Party |votes=27,890 |percentage=49.31 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. I. Subbiah Ambalam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,282 |percentage=41.16 |change=-7.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Halyasanathan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,393 |percentage=9.53 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,608 |percentage=8.15 |change=4.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,565 |percentage=68.74 |change= 11.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,983 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Swatantra Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 0.96 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. A. Muthiah Chettiar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,223 |percentage=48.34 |change=-10.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ganesan Saw |party=Independent politician |votes=22,365 |percentage=44.63 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. M. Subbiah Chettiar |party=Independent politician |votes=2,348 |percentage=4.69 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U. P. L. Venkatachalam Chettiar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,171 |percentage=2.34 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,858 |percentage=3.71 |change=-25.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=50,107 |percentage=57.61 |change= 2.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,971 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -10.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Karaikudi<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Chockalingam Chettiar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,868 |percentage=58.81 |change=58.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mahalingam Chettiar |party=Independent politician |votes=11,932 |percentage=29.40 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Lakshmanan |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=4,782 |percentage=11.78 |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,936 |percentage=29.41 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,582 |percentage=55.39 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,261 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sivaganga district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Sam Curran

2026-03-25T18:37:47Z

Samyakkpravesh: corrected lead and added references based on references

{{short description|English cricketer (born 1998)}}
{{about|the English cricketer|the Scottish physicist|Samuel Curran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Sam Curran {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=75%|MBE}}
| image = The Prime Minister welcomes the World Cup winning cricketers (52764650104) - Sam Curran (cropped).jpg
| caption = Curran in 2023
| country = England
| fullname = Samuel Matthew Curran
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1998|06|03}}
| birth_place = [[Northampton]], Northamptonshire, England
| height = 5 ft 9 in<ref>{{cite web |title=Sam Curran |url=https://www.kiaoval.com/our-squad/sam-curran/ |website=Surrey CCC |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref>
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]
| family = {{Plainlist|
* [[Kevin Curran (cricketer, born 1928)|Kevin P Curran]] (grandfather)
* [[Kevin Curran (cricketer)|Kevin M Curran]] (father)
* [[Tom Curran (cricketer)|Tom Curran]] (brother)
* [[Ben Curran]] (brother)
}}
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2018–present

| testdebutdate = 1 June
| testdebutyear = 2018
| testdebutagainst = India
| testcap = 686
| lasttestdate = 25 August
| lasttestyear = 2021
| lasttestagainst = India

| odidebutdate = 24 June
| odidebutyear = 2018
| odidebutagainst = Australia
| lastodidate = 27 January
| lastodiyear = 2026
| lastodiagainst = Sri Lanka
| odicap = 250
| odishirt = 58

| T20Idebutdate = 1 November
| T20Idebutyear = 2019
| T20Idebutagainst = New Zealand
| T20Icap = 87
| lastT20Idate = 5 March
| lastT20Iyear = 2026
| lastT20Iagainst = India
| T20Ishirt = 58

| club1 = [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2015–present}}
| club2 = [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]]
| year2 = 2017/18
| club3 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| year3 = 2019, 2023–2024
| club4 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| year4 = 2020–2021, 2025
| club5 = [[Oval Invincibles]]
| year5 = 2021–present
| club6 = [[MI Cape Town]]
| year6 = 2023–2024
| club7 = [[Desert Vipers]]
| year7 = {{nowrap|2024–2025/26}}
| club8 = [[Sydney Sixers]]
| year8 = 2025/26

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 24
| runs1 = 815
| bat avg1 = 24.69
| 100s/50s1 = 0/3
| top score1 = 78
| deliveries1 = 3,091
| wickets1 = 47
| bowl avg1 = 35.51
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 4/58
| catches/stumpings1 = 5/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 41
| runs2 = 642
| bat avg2 = 22.92
| 100s/50s2 = 0/2
| top score2 = 95[[Not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 1,525
| wickets2 = 37
| bowl avg2 = 42.48
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/48
| catches/stumpings2 = 11/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches3 = 75
| runs3 = 696
| bat avg3 = 20.47
| 100s/50s3 = 0/2
| top score3 = 58
| deliveries3 = 1,269
| wickets3 = 66
| bowl avg3 = 27.98
| fivefor3 = 1
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 5/10
| catches/stumpings3 = 28/–
| column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches4 = 86
| runs4 = 3,573
| bat avg4 = 30.80
| 100s/50s4 = 2/25
| top score4 = 126
| deliveries4 = 11,981
| wickets4 = 221
| bowl avg4 = 29.84
| fivefor4 = 7
| tenfor4 = 1
| best bowling4 = 7/58
| catches/stumpings4 = 27/–
| date = 5 March
| year = 2026
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/662973.html ESPNcricinfo

| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{cr|ENG}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Men's T20 World Cup|ICC T20 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022 Australia]]|}}

}}
'''Samuel Matthew Curran'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/65889468|title=King's Birthday Honours: Sarah Hunter and Ian Wright among those included|publisher=BBC Sport|date=17 June 2023|access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref> {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MBE}} (born 3 June 1998) is an English [[cricket]]er who has played for [[England cricket team|England]] in all formats.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Sam Curran: I Was 'Gutted' About Not Being Picked For Sri Lanka Tests After Stokes' Injury {{!}} England Cricket News |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/sam-curran-i-was-gutted-about-not-being-picked-for-sri-lanka-tests-after-stokes-injury |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Wisden |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wigmore |first=Tim |date=2024-11-05 |title=Sam Curran: I want my brother Ben to play for Zimbabwe – and face him with England |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2024/11/05/sam-curran-brother-zimbabwe-face-england/#:~:text=But%20Curran%20reiterated%20his%20desire,for%20England%20in%20all%20formats.%E2%80%9D |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> In domestic cricket, he represents [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]], and has played in multiple [[Twenty20|T20]] leagues.<ref name="CI662973">{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/sam-curran-662973 |title=Sam Curran profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref>

Curran made his [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] debuts in 2018, and his [[Twenty20 International]] debut in 2019.<ref name="CI662973"/> He was part of the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup squads#England|England team]] that won the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022 T20 World Cup]], taking the most wickets for England at the tournament and was named Player of the Tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/63613694 |title=T20 World Cup: England beat Pakistan to win pulsating final in Melbourne |work=BBC Sport |date=13 November 2022}}</ref> He plays as a left-handed [[all-rounder]], bowling [[Fast bowling|medium fast]].<ref name="CI662973"/> He holds the English record for the best T20I bowling figures, 5–10 against [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] in 2022. In the [[2023 Cricket World Cup]], Curran became the first English bowler to take a wicket off the first ball on World Cup debut.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/web-stories/sports/bowlers-to-pick-a-wicket-off-first-ball-on-world-cup-debut-2023-10-05-896401 | title=Bowlers to pick a wicket off first ball on World Cup debut | date=5 October 2023 }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Sam Curran was born on 3 June 1998 in [[Northampton]], England, as the third son of the former [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] international cricketer [[Kevin Curran (cricketer)|Kevin Curran]] and his wife Sarah (while his father played county cricket for [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]]).

He is the youngest brother of a Surrey and England cricketer [[Tom Curran (cricketer)|Tom Curran]], and [[Zimbabwe]] batsman [[Ben Curran]].

He grew up in Zimbabwe and was educated at [[Springvale House|Springvale House, Marondera]] and [[St. George's College, Harare]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1471/1471266/1471266.html |title=Sam Curran |publisher=CricketArchive }}</ref>

He spent his early years on the family farm in [[Rusape]] before the family left the farm during a period of [[Land reform in Zimbabwe|land reform]] in Zimbabwe.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/cricket/article/ashes-diary-the-currans-the-marshes-and-their-family-ties-vq3wpln86 |title=Ashes diary: the Currans, the Marshes and their family ties |newspaper=[[The Times]] |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214020052/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ashes-diary-the-currans-the-marshes-and-their-family-ties-vq3wpln86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Veera S (2018) [https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/godfather-allan-lamb-gets-goosebumps-wish-kevin-was-alive-to-see-sam-curran-today-5289281/ Godfather Allan Lamb gets goosebumps: ‘Wish Kevin Curran was alive to see Sam Curran today’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040219/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/godfather-allan-lamb-gets-goosebumps-wish-kevin-was-alive-to-see-sam-curran-today-5289281/ |date=9 November 2020 }}, ''[[Indian Express]]'', 3 August 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</ref> In 2012, he moved to England and was educated at [[Wellington College, Berkshire]].

==Domestic and T20 career==
Curran represented Surrey at Under-15, Under-17, and [[Second XI Championship|Second XI]] level. During the 2014 season he represented Weybridge in the [[Surrey Championship]] Premier Division.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1471/1471266/Surrey_Premier_League_Matches.html|title=Surrey Premier League Matches played by Sam Curran|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012320/https://cricketarchive.com/subscribe|url-status=live}}</ref> He was described by Surrey director of cricket [[Alec Stewart]] as "the best 17-year-old cricketer that I have seen".<ref>{{cite web |title=Curran starlets in trim for Lord's challenge |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/curran-starlets-in-trim-for-lord-s-challenge-921331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919190349/http://www.espncricinfo.com/county-cricket-2015/content/story/921331.html |archive-date=19 September 2015 |access-date=17 September 2015 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Curran made his senior debut in a [[Twenty20]] match in the [[NatWest t20 Blast]] tournament against [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]] at [[The Oval]] on 19 June 2015, aged 17 years and 16 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/736/736810.html |title=Surrey v Kent, NatWest T20 Blast 2015 (South Division) |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=14 July 2015 }}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut in a [[County Championship]] fixture against Kent at The Oval on 13 July 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/736/736674.html |title=Surrey v Kent, LV County Championship 2015 (Division 2) |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=14 July 2015 }}</ref> At the age of 17 years and 40 days he became Surrey's second youngest first-class cricketer in history after [[Tony Lock]], who debuted exactly 69 years earlier at the age of 17 years and 8 days, also against Kent at The Oval. He returned figures of 5/101 in the first innings, and is believed to be the youngest-ever player to take five wickets in a County Championship match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/662973.html |title=Sam Curran |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-date=12 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212104601/http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/662973.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut in a [[Royal London One-Day Cup]] match against Northamptonshire at The Oval on Thursday 27 July 2015.

He was signed by [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland Aces]] for the [[2017–18 Burger King Super Smash|2017–18 Super Smash]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1471/1471266/Twenty20_Matches.html |title=Twenty20 Matches played by Sam Curran |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=21 February 2018 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214014608/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1471/1471266/Twenty20_Matches.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2018, he was bought by the [[Kings XI Punjab]] in the [[List of 2019 Indian Premier League personnel changes|player auction]] for the [[2019 Indian Premier League]] for {{INRConvert|7.2|c|year=2018|lk=on|to=GBP}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2019 auction: The list of sold and unsold players |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2019-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1166896 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218224600/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25390461/ipl-2019-auction-was-sold-whom |archive-date=18 December 2018 |access-date=18 December 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-auction-2019-who-got-whom/articleshow/67144375.cms |title=IPL 2019 Auction: Who got whom |work=The Times of India |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218230123/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-auction-2019-who-got-whom/articleshow/67144375.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2019, he was named as one of eight players to watch by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) ahead of the 2019 Indian Premier League tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1109658 |title=Indian Premier League 2019: Players to watch |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321141613/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1109658 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2019 Indian Premier League]], he scored quickfire 20 runs as opener and took a hat-trick in his second match, against [[Delhi Capitals]] which helped Kings XI Punjab to win by 14 runs, earning him the player of the match award.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2019-kxip-vs-dc-sam-curran-s-dramatic-spell-hat-trick-seals-stunning-win-for-kxip-is-turning-point-of-match/story-199gZN2mXIXNINfTvZ6YfI.html|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009151054/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2019-kxip-vs-dc-sam-curran-s-dramatic-spell-hat-trick-seals-stunning-win-for-kxip-is-turning-point-of-match/story-199gZN2mXIXNINfTvZ6YfI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He also scored a quick fifty of just 23 balls against Kolkata Knight Riders in the 2019 Indian Premier League.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2019-kings-xi-punjabs-sam-curran-claims-first-hat-trick-of-the-season/articleshow/68678595.cms|title=IPL 2019: Kings XI Punjab's Sam Curran claims first hat-trick of the season – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=2 April 2019 |language=en|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402131824/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2019-kings-xi-punjabs-sam-curran-claims-first-hat-trick-of-the-season/articleshow/68678595.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Shreyas Iyer 'speechless' as Sam Curran seizes win with unnoticed hat-trick |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shreyas-iyer-speechless-as-sam-curran-seizes-win-with-unnoticed-hat-trick-1179724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401223954/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26418227/shreyas-iyer-speechless-sam-curran-seizes-win-unnoticed-hat-trick |archive-date=1 April 2019 |access-date=2 April 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1172365|title=Hoping in a squad for the World Cup: Curran|access-date=11 May 2019|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511065955/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1172365|url-status=live}}</ref> He was released by the Kings XI Punjab ahead of the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Where do the eight franchises stand before the 2020 auction? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/where-do-the-eight-franchises-stand-before-the-2020-auction-1206731 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115172858/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28087425/where-do-eight-franchises-stand-2020-auction |archive-date=15 November 2019 |access-date=15 November 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]], he was bought by the [[Chennai Super Kings]] ahead of the [[2020 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL auction analysis: Do the eight teams have their best XIs in place? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-auction-analysis-do-the-eight-teams-have-their-best-xis-in-place-1210632 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221164345/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28338426/ipl-auction-analysis-do-eight-teams-their-best-xis-place |archive-date=21 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=20 December 2019 }}</ref>

In April 2022, he was bought by the [[Oval Invincibles]] for the [[2022 season of The Hundred|2022 season]] of [[The Hundred (cricket)|The Hundred]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/60477088 |title=The Hundred 2022: latest squads as Draft picks revealed |work=BBC Sport |access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref> In June 2022, Curran took his first [[five-wicket haul]] in Twenty20 cricket, with 5/30 against the [[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire Hawks]] in the [[2022 T20 Blast]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vitality-blast-2022-1297657/surrey-vs-hampshire-south-group-1297827/match-report |title=Sam Curran smashes Hampshire with stellar allround display |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 June 2022}}</ref> Later the same month, in the [[2022 County Championship|County Championship]] match against [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]], Curran scored his maiden century in first-class cricket, with 126 runs. He reached his hundred off just 62 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/county-championship-division-one-2022-1297650/surrey-vs-kent-35th-match-1297731/match-report-2 |title=Sam Curran scores maiden hundred as Surrey cut loose to rack up 673–7 against Kent |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 June 2022}}</ref>

==International career==
Curran represented [[Zimbabwe Cricket]] U13s cricket team at the 2011–12 CSA U13 Week in South Africa, where he won the player of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1471/1471266/Miscellaneous_Matches.html |title=Miscellaneous Matches played by Sam Curran |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref>

He represented [[England Under-19 cricket team|England Under-19s]] at the [[2016 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-under-19-world-cup-2016/content/squad/954551.html |title=England Under-19s Squad |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214014912/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-under-19-world-cup-2016/content/squad/954551.html |url-status=live }}</ref> where he played all six games, scoring 201 runs and taking seven wickets to help his team finish sixth. He was selected for the [[England Lions cricket team|England Lions]] for their 2016–17 tour of the [[United Arab Emirates]], and again for their match against [[South Africa A cricket team|South Africa A]] at [[St Lawrence Ground|Canterbury]] in the 2017 season.

Curran received his first senior call-up for [[England national cricket team|England]] in January 2018 for the [[2017-18 Trans-Tasman Tri-Series]] against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] and [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Sam Curran joins brother Tom in T20 squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sam-curran-joins-brother-tom-in-t20-squad-1134010 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> but did not play any games.

On 30 May 2018 he was added to the England [[Test cricket|Test]] squad ahead of the [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 2018#2nd Test|second Test against Pakistan]], as cover for [[Ben Stokes]].<ref name="Stokes">{{cite web |title=Sam Curran called up as cover for Ben Stokes after hamstring scare |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sam-curran-called-up-as-cover-for-ben-stokes-after-hamstring-scare-1148198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531144432/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23651329/sam-curran-called-cover-ben-stokes-hamstring-scare |archive-date=31 May 2018 |access-date=30 May 2018 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his Test debut at [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]] on 1 June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18025/report/1119536/day/1/england-vs-pakistan-2nd-test-pak-ire-eng-scot-2018|title=2nd Test, Pakistan tour of Ireland, England and Scotland at Leeds, Jun 1–5 2018 {{!}} Match Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=1 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601151303/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18025/report/1119536/day/1/england-vs-pakistan-2nd-test-pak-ire-eng-scot-2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Curran scored 20 in England's only innings, and returned match figures of 2/43.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/av/cricket/44335047|title=England v Pakistan: Sam Curran takes first Test wicket as tourists all out for 174|work=BBC Sport |date=1 June 2018|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=4 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604142941/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/44335047|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 June 2018, he made his [[One Day International]] debut [[Australian cricket team in England in 2018|against Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18021/report/1119541/england-vs-australia-5th-odi-aus-in-eng-2018 |title=Breathtaking Buttler secures England their whitewash in one-wicket thriller |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 June 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626204145/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18021/report/1119541/england-vs-australia-5th-odi-aus-in-eng-2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Curran retained his place in the England squad for the [[Pataudi Trophy#2018 Series|Test series]] against [[India national cricket team|India]]. In the first Test at [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]] he took 4/74 in the first innings, including the wickets of India's top three batsmen,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/103423/sam-curran-blows-away-indias-top-three-india-tour-of-england-2018|title=Sam Curran blows away India's top three|date=2 August 2018 |publisher=CricBuzz|access-date=2 August 2018|archive-date=2 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802162748/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/103423/sam-curran-blows-away-indias-top-three-india-tour-of-england-2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and scored 63 in England's second innings, and was awarded Player of the Match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18018/scorecard/1119549/england-vs-india-1st-test-ind-in-eng-2018|title=1st Test, India tour of Ireland and England at Birmingham, Aug 1–4 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-date=5 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805110100/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18018/scorecard/1119549/england-vs-india-1st-test-ind-in-eng-2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After being omitted from the England team for the third Test, he returned in place of the injured [[Chris Woakes]] at the [[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Rose Bowl]], where he top scored in England's first innings with 78.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18018/scorecard/1119552/england-vs-india-4th-test-ind-in-eng-2018|title=4th Test, India tour of Ireland and England at Southampton, Aug 30 – Sep 2 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916002446/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18018/scorecard/1119552/england-vs-india-4th-test-ind-in-eng-2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Curran registered his first Test [[Duck (cricket)|duck]] in the fifth Test at [[The Oval]], but was named England's Player of the Series against India, having contributed 272 runs and 11 wickets in England's 4–1 series victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18018/scorecard/1119553/england-vs-india-5th-test-ind-in-eng-2018|title=5th Test, India tour of Ireland and England at London, Sep 7–11 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823033115/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18018/scorecard/1119553/england-vs-india-5th-test-ind-in-eng-2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He was named [[Cricket Writers' Club Young Cricketer of the Year]] for his performances in the 2018 season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/45717794|title=Surrey: Burns, Curran and Sciver honoured in clean sweep at Writers' Awards|work=BBC Sport |access-date=2 October 2018|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123421/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/45717794|url-status=live}}</ref>

Curran played two Tests during [[English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2018–19|England's tour of Sri Lanka]] in November 2018, scoring 112 runs at an average of 37.33, but only took a single wicket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12292&team=1&type=series|title=Cricket Records {{!}} Records {{!}} England in Sri Lanka Test Series, 2018/19 – England {{!}} {{!}} Batting and bowling averages {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012553/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12292;team=1;type=series|url-status=live}}</ref> He played in the final Test of England's home series against Australia in September 2019, taking three wickets in Australia's first innings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18772/scorecard/1152850/england-vs-australia-5th-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Australia 5th Test 2019|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924071323/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18772/scorecard/1152850/england-vs-australia-5th-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that month he was named in England's Test and [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squads for their series [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2019–20|against New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1356220 |title=Bairstow dropped from England Test squad for New Zealand series |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923141055/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1356220 |url-status=live }}</ref> He made his T20I debut for England, against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]], on 1 November 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1187665.html |title=1st T20I, England tour of New Zealand at Christchurch, Nov 1 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=1 November 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012536/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-in-new-zealand-2019-20-1186749/new-zealand-vs-england-1st-t20i-1187665/full-scorecard |url-status=live }}</ref>

Curran played two Tests in the [[England cricket team in the West Indies in 2018-19|2019 England tour of the West Indies]], making 50 runs in four innings and taking one wicket at an average of 161.<ref name="stats.espncricinfo.com">{{Cite web|title=All-round records {{!}} Test matches {{!}} ESPNcricinfo Statsguru {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/662973.html?class=1;template=results;type=allround;view=match|access-date=16 January 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203084841/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/662973.html?class=1;template=results;type=allround;view=match|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2019 Test summer, Curran took 6 wickets at 16 and scored 87 runs at 21.8, in one Test [[Irish cricket team in England in 2019|against Ireland]] and the fifth [[2019 Ashes series|Ashes]] Test.<ref name="stats.espncricinfo.com"/>

After playing only two tests in the summer, Curran played all six Tests of the 2019–20 winter tours of [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] and [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]]. In the [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2019–20|two New Zealand Tests]], Curran took 6 wickets at an average of 39.7 and made 40 in three innings. [[English cricket team in South Africa in 2019–20|In South Africa]], Curran made 130 runs in 7 innings, and took 10 wickets at an average of 32.6, which included career best figures of 4/58 in the first Test.<ref name="stats.espncricinfo.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of South Africa vs England 1st Test 2019 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/south-africa-vs-england-1st-test-1185304/full-scorecard|access-date=16 January 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119054810/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/south-africa-vs-england-1st-test-1185304/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 29 May 2020, Curran was named in a 55-man group of players to begin training ahead of international fixtures starting in England following the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/1674230/england-men-confirm-back-to-training-group |title=England Men confirm back-to-training group |work=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610020624/https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/1674230/england-men-confirm-back-to-training-group |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alex Hales, Liam Plunkett left out as England name 55-man training group |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/alex-hales-liam-plunkett-left-out-as-england-name-55-man-training-group-1224007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630184912/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29239315/alex-hales,-liam-plunkett-left-england-name-55-man-training-group |archive-date=30 June 2020 |access-date=29 May 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> On 17 June 2020, Curran was included in England's 30-man squad to start training [[Behind closed doors (sport)|behind closed doors]] for the [[Test cricket|Test]] series [[West Indian cricket team in England in 2020|against the West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1683417 |title=England announce 30-man training squad ahead of first West Indies Test |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=17 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617125526/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1683417 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Moeen Ali back in Test frame as England name 30-man training squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/moeen-ali-back-in-test-frame-as-england-name-30-man-training-squad-1225177 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012537/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/moeen-ali-back-in-test-frame-as-england-name-30-man-training-squad-1225177 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=17 June 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> On 4 July 2020, Curran was named as one of the nine reserve players for the first Test match of the series.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/1707837/england-name-squad-for-first-test-against-west-indies |title=England name squad for first Test against West Indies |work=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=4 July 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706094653/https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/1707837/england-name-squad-for-first-test-against-west-indies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/53290755 |title=England v West Indies: Dom Bess in squad, Jack Leach misses out |work=BBC Sport |access-date=4 July 2020 |archive-date=4 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704102212/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/53290755 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 2020 England summer, Curran played in one Test against the West Indies and one against Pakistan, scoring 17 in his only innings and taking 4 wickets at an average of 36.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bowling records {{!}} Test matches {{!}} ESPNcricinfo Statsguru {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/662973.html?class=1;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings|access-date=15 January 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012526/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/662973.html?class=1;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings|url-status=live}}</ref> Curran was included in the squad for [[English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2020–21|England's 2021 tour of Sri Lanka.]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ben Stokes, Jofra Archer rested for England Test tour of Sri Lanka|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-in-sri-lanka-2020-21-ben-stokes-jofra-archer-rested-for-england-test-tour-of-sri-lanka-1243521|access-date=15 January 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113105037/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-in-sri-lanka-2020-21-ben-stokes-jofra-archer-rested-for-england-test-tour-of-sri-lanka-1243521|url-status=live}}</ref>

Curran then played in all 5 T20I matches, and all 3 ODI matches as part of [[England cricket team in India in 2020-21|England's 2021 winter tour of India]]. On 28 March 2021, in the final ODI match of the tour, Curran was awarded Player of the Match for scoring 95* in England's attempted run chase of 329 set by India. England lost the match by 7 runs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of India vs England 3rd ODI 2020/21|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2020-21-1243364/india-vs-england-3rd-odi-1243395/full-scorecard|access-date=17 April 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417164829/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2020-21-1243364/india-vs-england-3rd-odi-1243395/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 July 2021, in the second match [[Sri Lankan cricket team in England in 2021|against Sri Lanka]], Curran took his first [[five-wicket haul]] in ODI cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maldonandburnhamstandard.co.uk/sport/nationalsport/19413914.sam-curran-five-for-helps-england-make-strong-start-second-sri-lanka-odi/ |title=Sam Curran five-for helps England make strong start to second Sri Lanka ODI |work=Maldon Standard |date=July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref> On 16 August 2021 in the [[Indian cricket team in England in 2021#2nd Test|second test]] against India, Curran was the first batter to get a [[Glossary of cricket terms#golden pair|king pair]] at [[Lord's]].<ref>Full Scorecard of India vs England 2nd Test 2021 – Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com (no date) ESPNcricinfo. Available at: https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-2021-1239527/england-vs-india-2nd-test-1239544/full-scorecard (Accessed: 16 August 2021).</ref>

In September 2021, Curran was named in England's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2021-tymal-mills-makes-englands-t20-world-cup-squad-no-return-for-ben-stokes-1276997 |title=Tymal Mills makes England's T20 World Cup squad, no return for Ben Stokes |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref> However, on 5 October 2021, Curran was ruled out of England's squad due to a back injury,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-allrounder-sam-curran-ruled-out-of-2021-t20-world-cup-1281589 |title=Sam Curran ruled out of IPL and T20 World Cup |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref> with his brother, [[Tom Curran (cricketer)|Tom]], named as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/2282903/sam-curran-ruled-out-of-the-icc-mens-t20-world-cup |title=Sam Curran ruled out of the ICC Men's T20 World Cup |work=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref>

He was out of action for around seven months making his comeback in the County Championship for Surrey on 21 April 2022 against Somerset.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/countycricket/sam_curran_returns_to_action_with_the_ball.html|title=Sam Curran returns to action with the ball | the Cricketer }}</ref>

In May 2024, he was named in England's squad for the [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=England's Squad for the ICC Men's T20I World Cup 2024 |url=https://www.scorewaves.com/news-details/england-squad-icc-mens-t20i-world-cup-2024 |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=ScoreWaves |language=en}}</ref>

On 30 January 2026, during the first T20I of England's tour of Sri Lanka, Curran became only the second [[England cricket team|England]] bowler to take a [[hat-trick]] in [[Twenty20 International]] history, following [[Chris Jordan (cricketer)|Chris Jordan]] in 2024. Curran achieved the feat in the 16th over of the Sri Lankan innings, dismissing [[Dasun Shanaka]], [[Maheesh Theekshana]] and [[Matheesha Pathirana]].<ref>{{cite web |last=KhelWire News Desk |title=WATCH: Sam Curran's hat-trick rattles Sri Lanka |url=https://www.khelwire.com/articles/watch-sam-currans-hattrick-rattles-sri-lanka |website=KhelWire |date=30 January 2026 |access-date=31 January 2026}}</ref>

===2022 T20 World Cup===
In England's opening match against [[Afghanistan cricket team|Afghanistan]], Curran took a [[five-wicket haul]] (the first by an England player in T20Is), helping England win the match and earning him the [[Man of the Match]] award.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sam Curran fifer sets up easy win for England|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124228/icc-t20-world-cup-2022-sam-currans-fifer-sets-up-easy-win-for-england-vs-afghanistan|work=cricbuzz|date=22 October 2022 |access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref> In the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Final|Final]] against [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] he took 3/12 wickets in 4 overs and was again named Man of the Match. He was the second-highest wicket-taker in the tournament, taking 13 wickets with a bowling average of 11.38, and was named Player of the Tournament for his efforts.<ref>{{cite web|title='Ben Stokes is an incredible player for the big nights'|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124498/ben-stokes-is-born-for-these-situations-england-cricket-t20-world-cup-final|access-date=12 November 2022|work=cricbuzz}}</ref>

Curran was appointed [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) in the [[2023 Birthday Honours]] for services to cricket.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=64082|supp=y|page=B18|date=17 June 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cricinfo}}

{{Navboxes
|title= England squads
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{{England Squad 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{England Squad 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{England Squad 2026 Men's T20 World Cup}}
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{{Player of the Series in ICC World Twenty20}}
{{Man of the Match in ICC World T20 Final}}
{{Surrey County Cricket Club squad}}
{{Oval Invincibles squad}}
{{Rajasthan Royals squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Curran, Sam}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English cricketers]]
[[Category:England Test cricketers]]
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[[Category:Surrey cricketers]]
[[Category:Alumni of St. George's College, Harare]]
[[Category:People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire]]
[[Category:English people of Zimbabwean descent]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Zimbabwean descent]]
[[Category:Auckland cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2023 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:North v South cricketers]]
[[Category:Curran family|Sam]]
[[Category:Wisden Cricketers of the Year]]
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[[Category:Sydney Sixers cricketers]]

Abdul Ghaffar Khan

2026-03-23T08:48:23Z

Samyakkpravesh: added page after review

{{Short description|Indian independence activist (1890–1988)}}
{{redirect2|Bacha Khan|Ghaffar Khan|the Pakistani cricketer|Ghaffar Khan (cricketer)}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abdul Ghaffar Khan
| title = Bacha Khan
| image = Undated picture of Bacha Khan 1.jpg
| caption = Khan, {{circa|1960s}}
| birth_name = Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1890|02|06}}
| birth_place = [[Utmanzai, Charsadda|Utmanzai]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], British India<ref name="Manishika-2021">{{Cite book |last=Manishika |first=Meena |year=2021 |title=Biography of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan: Inspirational Biographies for Children |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EhAVEAAAQBAJ }}</ref> (present-day [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan)
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1988|01|20|1890|02|06}}
| death_place = [[Peshawar]], [[North-West Frontier Province]], Pakistan
| resting_place = [[Jalalabad]], Afghanistan
| education = [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
| party = {{plainlist|
* [[Indian National Congress]] (1920–1947)
* [[Independent politician|Independent]] (1947–1949)
* [[Azad Pakistan Party]] (1949–1957)
* [[National Awami Party]] (1957–1967)
* [[National Awami Party (Wali)]] (1967–1986)
* [[Awami National Party]] (1986–1988)
}}
| movement = [[Khudai Khidmatgar]] [[Indian independence movement]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Meharqanda Kinankhel|1912|1918}}
* {{marriage|Nambata Kinankhel|1920|1926}}
}}
| children = 5, including {{plainlist|[[Abdul Ghani Khan]], [[Abdul Wali Khan]], [[Abdul Ali Khan]]}}
| parents = [[Khan Abdul Bahram Khan|Abdul Bahram Khan]] (father)
| relatives = [[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan]] (brother)
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Amnesty International]] [[Prisoner of Conscience]] (1962)
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru Award]] (1967)
* [[Bharat Ratna]] (1987)
}}
}}
'''Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan'''{{Efn|{{langx|ps|خان عبدالغفار خان}}}} (6 February 1890 – 20 January 1988), also known as '''Bacha Khan'''{{Efn|{{langx|ps|باچا خان}}}} and '''Badshah Khan''',{{efn|{{Langx|ps|{{nq|بادشاه خان}}|lit=[[Padishah|King]] of [[Khan (title)|Chiefs]]|label=none}}}} was an [[List of Indian independence activists|Indian independence activist]] from the [[North-West Frontier Province]], and founder of the [[Khudai Khidmatgar]] [[resistance movement]] against [[British Raj|British rule in colonial India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hamling |first=Anna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ei4DwAAQBAJ&dq=Abdul+Ghaffar+khan+pashtun&pg=PA173 |title=Contemporary Icons of Nonviolence |date=16 October 2019 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-4173-3 |language=en}}</ref> After the partition occurred, he became a Pakistani politician and led the Azad Party.<ref name="Burrell2011">{{cite book |last1=Burrell |first1=David B. |title=Towards a Jewish-Christian-Muslim Theology |date=23 March 2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4443-9579-2 |page=138 |language=en}}</ref>

He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition and lifelong [[pacifism]]; he was a devout [[Muslims|Muslim]] and an advocate for [[Hindu–Muslim unity]] in the [[Indian subcontinent|subcontinent]].<ref>''An American Witness to India's Partition'' by Phillips Talbot, (2007), Sage Publications {{ISBN|978-0-7619-3618-3}}</ref> Because of his similar ideology and close friendship with [[Mahatma Gandhi]], Khan was nicknamed "the [[North-West Frontier Province|Frontier]] Gandhi" ({{Langx|hi|सरहदी गांधी|Sarhadi Gandhi|label=none}}).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Uttarakhand journalist gave Frontier Gandhi title to Abdul Gaffar Khan, claims book|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/uttarakhand-journalist-gave-frontier-gandhi-title-to-abdul-gaffar-khan-claims-book-174496|access-date=28 April 2021|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref><ref name="RazaAhmad1990">{{cite book|last1=Raza|first1=Moonis|last2=Ahmad|first2=Aijazuddin|title=An Atlas of Tribal India: With Computed Tables of District-level Data and Its Geographical Interpretation|year=1990|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-8170222866|page=1}}</ref> In 1929, Khan founded the [[Khudai Khidmatgar]], an anti-colonial [[nonviolent resistance]] movement.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burrell |first=David B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mWb7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |title=Towards a Jewish-Christian-Muslim Theology |date=7 January 2014 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-72411-8 |pages=137 |language=en}}</ref> The Khudai Khidmatgar's success and popularity eventually prompted the colonial government to launch numerous crackdowns against Khan and his supporters; the Khudai Khidmatgar experienced some of the most severe repression of the entire [[Indian independence movement]].<ref name="Zartman" />

Khan strongly [[Opposition to the partition of India|opposed the proposal]] for the [[partition of India]] into the Muslim-majority [[Dominion of Pakistan]] and the Hindu-majority [[Dominion of India]], and consequently sided with the pro-union [[Indian National Congress]] and [[All India Azad Muslim Conference|All-India Azad Muslim Conference]] against the pro-partition [[All-India Muslim League]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Abdul Ghaffar Khan">{{cite web|title=Abdul Ghaffar Khan|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/232353/Khan-Abdul-Ghaffar-Khan|access-date=24 September 2008|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name="iloveindia.com -Abdul Ghaffar Khan">{{cite web|title=Abdul Ghaffar Khan|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/abdul-ghaffar-khan.html|access-date=24 September 2008|publisher=I Love India|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306052505/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/abdul-ghaffar-khan.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="QasmiRobb2017">{{cite book |last1=Qasmi |first1=Ali Usman |last2=Robb |first2=Megan Eaton |title=Muslims against the Muslim League: Critiques of the Idea of Pakistan |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1108621236 |pages=2 |language=en}}</ref> When the Indian National Congress reluctantly declared its acceptance of the [[Partition of India#Plan for partition: 1946–1947|partition plan]] without consulting the Khudai Khidmatgar leaders, he felt deeply betrayed, telling the Congress leaders "you have thrown us to the wolves."<ref name="icdc.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/pakistan/pashtunistan.htm#pashtunistanpoliticsPakistan:|title=Partition and Military Succession Documents from the U.S. National Archives}}</ref> In June 1947, Khan and other Khudai Khidmatgar leaders formally issued the [[Bannu Resolution]] to the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British authorities]], demanding that the ethnic [[Pashtuns]] be given a choice to have an independent state of [[Pashtunistan]], which was to comprise all of the Pashtun territories of [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] and not be included (as almost all other Muslim-majority provinces were) within the state of [[Pakistan]]—the creation of which was still underway at the time. However, the British government refused the demands of this resolution.<ref name="Ali Shah">{{cite book |last=Ali Shah |first=Sayyid Vaqar |date=1993 |title=Afghanistan and the Frontier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c05uAAAAMAAJ |location=[[University of Michigan]] |publisher=Emjay Books International |page=256 |editor1-first=Fazal-ur-Rahim Khan |editor1-last=Marwat}}</ref><ref name="Thomas Howard">{{cite book |last1=H Johnson |first1=Thomas |author-link1=Thomas Howard Johnson |last2=Zellen |first2=Barry |date=2014 |title=Culture, Conflict, and Counterinsurgency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9ZZAgAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |page=154 |isbn= 978-0804789219}}</ref> In response, Khan and his elder brother, [[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan|Abdul Jabbar Khan]], boycotted the [[1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum]] on whether the province should be merged with [[India]] or Pakistan, objecting that it did not offer options for the Pashtun-majority province to become independent.<ref name="Books.google.com">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9iwFmvKTwcC |title=The Dust of Empire: The Race For Mastery in the Asian Heartland – Karl E. Meyer – Google Boeken |isbn=978-0786724819 |access-date=10 July 2013|last1=Meyer |first1=Karl E. |year= 2008 |publisher=PublicAffairs }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/110699/was-jinnah-democratic-ii/|title=Was Jinnah democratic? — II|website=Daily Times|date=25 December 2011|access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref>

After the partition of India by the British government, Khan pledged allegiance to the newly created nation of Pakistan, and stayed in the now-Pakistani [[North-West Frontier Province]]; he was frequently arrested by the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani government]] between 1948 and 1954.<ref name="BKT"/><ref name="Jaffrelot2015"/> In 1956, he was again arrested for his opposition to the [[One Unit]] program, under which the government announced its plan to merge all the provinces of [[West Pakistan]] into a single unit to match the political structure of erstwhile [[East Pakistan]] (present-day [[Bangladesh]]). Khan was jailed or in exile during some years of the 1960s and 1970s. He was awarded [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, by the Indian government in 1987.

Following his will upon his death in [[Peshawar]] in 1988, he was buried at his house in [[Jalalabad]], [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]. Tens of thousands of mourners attended his funeral including Afghan President [[Mohammad Najibullah]], marching through the [[Khyber Pass]] from Peshawar towards Jalalabad. It was marred by two bomb explosions that killed 15 people; despite the heavy fighting at the time due to the [[Soviet–Afghan War]], both sides, namely the [[Soviet Armed Forces|Soviet]]–[[Afghan Armed Forces#History of the Armed Forces|Afghan government]] coalition and the [[Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen|Afghan mujahideen]], declared an immediate [[ceasefire]] to allow Khan's burial. He was given military honours by the Afghan government.

== Early years ==
Abdul Ghaffar Khan was born on 6 February 1890 into a prosperous [[Sunni Muslim]] [[Muhammadzai (Hashtnagar)|Muhammadzai]] [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] family from [[Utmanzai, Charsadda|Utmanzai]], [[Hashtnagar]]; they lived by the Jindee-a, a branch of the [[Swat River]], in what was then [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]'s [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab province]].<ref name="Manishika-2021" /><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Abdul Ghaffar Khan" /><ref name="Kyber-Gateway" /> His father, [[Khan Abdul Bahram Khan|Abdul Bahram Khan]], was a land owner in [[Hashtnagar]]. Khan was the second son of Bahram to attend the [[British Empire|British]]-run Edward's Mission School, which was the only fully-functioning school in the region and which was administered by [[Christianity|Christian]] missionaries. At school, Khan did well in his studies, and was inspired by his mentor, Reverend Wigram, into seeing the crucial role education played in service to the local community. In his tenth and final year of secondary school, he was offered a highly prestigious commission in the [[Corps of Guides (India)|Corps of Guides]] regiment of the [[British Indian Army]]. Khan declined due to his observational feelings that even Guides' Indian officers were still second-class citizens in their own nation. He subsequently followed through with his initial desire to attend university, and Reverend Wigram (Khan's teacher) offered him the opportunity to follow his brother, [[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan|Abdul Jabbar Khan]], to study in [[London]], England. After graduating from [[Aligarh Muslim University]], Khan eventually received permission from his father to travel to London. However, his mother wasn't willing to let another son go to London, so he began working on his father's lands in the process of figuring out his next steps.<ref name="Karl">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/07/opinion/07MEYE.html |title=The Peacemaker of the Pashtun Past |last=Meyer |first=Karl E. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=7 December 2001}}</ref>

At the age of 20 in 1910, Khan opened a [[madrasa]] in his hometown of Utmanzai. In 1911, he joined the independence movement of the Pashtun activist [[Haji Sahib of Turangzai]]. By 1915, the British colonial authorities had shut down Khan's madrasa, deeming its pro-[[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] activism to be a threat to their authority.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baachakhantrust.org/Chronology%20of%20Baacha%20Khan.pdf |title=Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan |publisher=Baacha Khan Trust |access-date=4 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827031507/http://www.baachakhantrust.org/Chronology%20of%20Baacha%20Khan.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Having witnessed the repeated failure of Indian revolts against British rule, Khan decided that social activism and reform would be more beneficial for the ethnic Pashtuns. This led to the formation of the ''Anjuman-e Islāh-e Afghānia'' ([[Pashto]]: {{Langx|ps|انجمن اصلاح افاغنه|lit=Afghan Reform Society|label=none}}) in 1921, and the youth movement ''Pax̌tūn Jirga'' ({{Langx|ps|پښتون جرګه|lit=[[Jirga|Pashtun Assembly]]|label=none}}) in 1927. After Khan's return from the [[Islam]]ic [[Hajj]] pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], [[Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd|Hejaz−Nejd]] (present-day [[Saudi Arabia]]) in May 1928, he founded the Pashto-language monthly political journal ''Pax̌tūn'' ({{Langx|ps|پښتون|lit=Pashtun|label=none}}). Finally, in November 1929, Khan founded the ''[[Khudai Khidmatgar|Khudāyī Khidmatgār]]'' ({{Langx|ps|خدايي خدمتګار|lit=Servants of God|label=none}}) movement, which would strongly advocate for the end of British colonial rule and establishment of a unified and independent India.<ref name="Zartman">{{cite book |last=Zartman |first=I. William |author-link=I. William Zartman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyUV8NnlXhEC&pg=PA284/ |title=Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods & Techniques |year=2007 |publisher=US Institute of Peace Press |isbn=978-1929223664 |page=284 |access-date=4 February 2013}}</ref>

== {{anchor|Ghaffar "Badshah" Khan}} Early career ==

[[File:Gandhi at Peshawar meeting.jpg|thumb|Khan at a pro-independence rally in [[Peshawar]] with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1938]]
[[Image:Pesh muhajireengoingtokabul 1920.jpg|thumb|Khan leading a march from [[Peshawar]], [[British Raj|India]] to [[Kabul]], [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] during the [[Khilafat Movement]], which sought to restore the [[List of caliphs#Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924)|Islamic Caliph]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] after its defeat in [[World War I]] ({{Circa|1920}})]]
In response to his inability to continue his own education, Bacha Khan turned to helping others start theirs. Like many such regions of the world, the strategic importance of the newly formed [[North-West Frontier Province]] (now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan), as a buffer for the [[British India|British Raj]] from Russian influence was of little benefit to its residents. Opposition to British colonial rule, the authority of the mullahs, and an ancient culture of violence and vendetta prompted Bacha Khan to want to serve and uplift his fellow men and women by means of education. At 20 years of age, Bacha Khan opened his first school in [[Utmanzai, Charsadda|Utmanzai]]. It was an instant success and he was soon invited into a larger circle of progressively minded reformers. He opened a series of "Azad" schools which were open to all, including girls. Many of these schools were shut down by British colonial authorities, who feared that revolutionary ideas might spread among the Pakhtuns through education. This was also rooted in their colonial belief that the Pakhtuns of the frontiers did not need education and should remain confined to a simple, traditional way of life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Mohammad Sohail |title=Bacha Khan`s Vision of Alternative Education |publisher=Bacha Khan Chair |year=2018 |isbn=9789692325813 |edition=First}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

While he faced much opposition and personal difficulties, Bacha Khan worked tirelessly to organise and raise the consciousness of his fellow Pashtuns. Between 1915 and 1918 he visited 500 villages in all part of the settled districts of NWFP. It was in this frenzied activity that he had come to be known as ''Badshah Khan'' ("King of Chiefs"), which was later shortened to ''Bacha Khan''.<ref name="Karl"/><ref name="Ahmad-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Aijaz |year=2005 |title=Frontier Gandhi: Reflections on Muslim Nationalism in India |journal=Social Scientist |volume=33 |issue=1/2 |pages=22–39 |jstor=3518159}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Being a [[Cultural Muslims|secular Muslim]], he did not believe in religious divisions.

He married his first wife, Meharqanda, in 1912; she was a daughter of Yar Mohammad Khan of the Kinankhel clan of the Muhammadzai tribe of Razzar, a village adjacent to Utmanzai. They had a son in 1913, [[Abdul Ghani Khan]], who would become a noted artist and poet. Subsequently, they had another son, [[Abdul Wali Khan]] (17 January 1917 – 2006), and daughter, Sardaro. Meharqanda died during the [[1918 flu pandemic|1918 influenza epidemic]].<ref>Ghaffar Khan, (1983) Zama Zhwand au Jaddo Jehad (Pashto) Kabul</ref> In 1920, Bacha Khan remarried; his new wife, Nambata, was a cousin of his first wife and the daughter of Sultan Mohammad Khan of Razzar. They had a daughter, Mehar Taj (25 May 1921 – 29 April 2012),<ref name="Daughter of Bacha Khan passes away">{{Cite web|title=Daughter of Bacha Khan passes away |date=27 April 2012 |publisher=ePeshawar |url=http://www.epeshawar.com/peshawarnews/4049-daughter-of-bacha-khan-passes-away.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201191519/http://www.epeshawar.com/peshawarnews/4049-daughter-of-bacha-khan-passes-away.html |archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a son, [[Abdul Ali Khan]] (20 August 1922 – 19 February 1997). Tragically, in 1926 Nambata died early as well from a fall down the stairs of the apartment where they were staying in [[Jerusalem]].<ref name="Kyber-Gateway">{{Cite web|title=Ghani Khan |publisher=Kyber Gateway |url=http://www.khyber.org/people/literary/GhaniKhan.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823223758/http://www.khyber.org/people/literary/GhaniKhan.shtml |archive-date=23 August 2007 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

== Khudai Khidmatgar ==
[[Image:Nv-army-gray BG.jpg|thumb|Followers of Khan's [[Khudai Khidmatgar|Khudai Khitmatgar]] movement ({{Circa|1947}})]]

In time, Bacha Khan's goal came to be the formulation of a united, independent, secular India. To achieve this end, he founded the ''[[Khudai Khidmatgar]]'' ("Servants of God"), commonly known as the "Red Shirts" (''Surkh Pōsh''), during the 1920s.

The ''Khudai Khidmatgar'' was founded on a belief in the power of Gandhi's notion of [[Satyagraha]], a form of active [[non-violence]] as captured in an [[Khudai Khidmatgar#The Oath of the Khudai Khidmatgar|oath]]. He told its members:
<blockquote>I am going to give you such a weapon that the police and the army will not be able to stand against it. It is the weapon of the Prophet, but you are not aware of it. That weapon is patience and righteousness. No power on earth can stand against it.<ref>[http://www.forusa.org/fellowship/sept-oct-04/abu-nimer.html Nonviolence in the Islamic Context by Mohammed Abu Nimer 2004] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701052717/http://www.forusa.org/fellowship/sept-oct-04/abu-nimer.html |date=1 July 2007 }}</ref></blockquote>
[[File:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.jpg|thumb|Khan somewhere in the 1940s]]
The organisation recruited over 100,000 members and became influential in the independence movement for their resistance to the colonial government. Through strikes, political organisation and non-violent opposition, the ''Khudai Khidmatgar'' were able to achieve some success and came to dominate the politics of NWFP. His brother, Dr. [[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan]] (known as Dr. Khan Sahib), led the political wing of the movement, and was the [[Chief Minister]] of the province (from 1937 and then until 1947 when his government was dismissed by [[Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]).

=== Kissa Khwani Massacre ===
{{main|Qissa Khwani massacre}}

On 23 April 1930, Bacha Khan was arrested during protests arising out of the [[Salt Satyagraha]]. A crowd of Khudai Khidmatgar gathered in Peshawar's [[Qissa Khwani massacre|Kissa Khwani (Storytellers) Bazaar]]. The colonial government ordered troops to open fire with machine guns on the unarmed crowd, killing an estimated 200–250.<ref>Habib, p. 56.</ref> The Khudai Khidmatgar members acted in accord with their training in non-violence under Bacha Khan, facing bullets as the troops fired on them.<ref>Johansen, p. 62.</ref> Two platoons of the [[Garhwal Rifles]] regiment under [[Chandra Singh Garhwali]] refused to fire on the non-violent crowd. They were later court-martialled and sentenced to a variety of punishments, including life imprisonment.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

== Bacha Khan and the Indian National Congress ==
{{Main|Indian National Congress}}

[[Image:Badshah Khan.jpg|thumb|Khan pictured with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] ({{Circa|1940s}})]]
Bacha Khan forged a close, spiritual, and uninhibited friendship with Gandhi, the pioneer of non-violent mass civil disobedience in India. The two had a deep admiration towards each other and worked together closely till 1947.

''Khudai Khidmatgar'' (servants of God) agitated and worked cohesively with the [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]], the leading national organisation fighting for independence, of which Bacha Khan was a senior and respected member. On several occasions when the Congress seemed to disagree with Gandhi on policy, Bacha Khan remained his staunchest ally. In 1931 the Congress offered him the presidency of the party, but he refused saying, "I am a simple soldier and Khudai Khidmatgar, and I only want to serve." He remained a member of the Congress Working Committee for many years, resigning only in 1939 because of his differences with the Party's War Policy. He rejoined the Congress Party when the War Policy was revised.

Bacha Khan was a champion of women's rights {{dubious|date=June 2021}} and non-violence. He became a hero in a society dominated by violence; notwithstanding his liberal views, his unswerving faith and obvious bravery led to immense respect. Throughout his life, he never lost faith in his non-violent methods or in the compatibility of Islam and non-violence. He recognised as a [[jihad]] struggle with only the enemy holding swords. He was closely identified with Gandhi because of his non-violence principles and he is known in India as the 'Frontier Gandhi'. One of his Congress associates was Pandit Amir Chand Boambwal of Peshawar.

{{blockquote|O Pathans! Your house has fallen into ruin. Arise and rebuild it, and remember to what race you belong.|Ghaffar Khan<ref>[[Eknath Easwaran]], ''[[Nonviolent Soldier of Islam|Nonviolent Soldier of Islam: Badshah Khan: A Man to Match His Mountains]]'' (Nilgiri Press, 1984, 1999), p. 25.</ref>}}

[[File:Gandhi, Ghaffar Khan with a Khaksar leader.jpg|thumb|Khan and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in [[Peshawar]] with a leader of the [[Khaksar movement|Khaksar Tehrik]], an [[Islam]]ic movement which sought the elimination of British colonial rule in India and the establishment of a [[Hindu–Muslim unity|joint Hindu−Muslim]] nation. (6 May 1938)]]

== The Partition ==
{{Main|Partition of India}}

{{See also|Bannu Resolution}}
[[File:Gandhi and Abdul Ghaffar Khan during prayer Cropped Brighter.jpg|thumb|Khan at [[prayer]] with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] ({{Circa|1940s}}) ]]
Khan strongly [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Abdul Ghaffar Khan"/><ref name=" iloveindia.com -Abdul Ghaffar Khan"/> Accused as being anti-Muslim by some politicians, Khan was physically assaulted in 1946, leading to his hospitalisation in Peshawar.<ref>"Abdul Ghaffar Khan, 98, a Follower of Gandhi." ''The New York Times'', 21 January 1988.</ref> On 21 June 1947, in [[Bannu]], a ''[[loya jirga]]'' was held consisting of Bacha Khan, the Khudai Khidmatgars, members of the Provincial Assembly, [[Mirzali Khan]] (Faqir of Ipi), and other tribal chiefs, just seven weeks before the partition. The ''loya jirga'' issueud the [[Bannu Resolution]], which demanded that the Pashtuns be given a choice to have an independent state of [[Pashtunistan]] composing all Pashtun territories of British India, instead of being made to join either India or Pakistan. However, the British refused to comply with the demand of this resolution.<ref name="Ali Shah"/><ref name="Thomas Howard"/>

The Congress Party refused last-ditch compromises to prevent the partition, like the [[Cabinet Mission]] Plan and Gandhi's suggestion to offer the position of Prime Minister to Jinnah.

When the [[1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum|July 1947 NWFP Referendum]] over accession to Pakistan was held, Bacha Khan, the Khudai Khidmatgars, the then Chief Minister [[Khan Sahib]], and the [[Indian National Congress Party]] boycotted the referendum. Some have argued that a segment of the population was barred from voting.<ref name="Books.google.com"/>

== Arrest and exile ==
{{Main|Pakistan Movement}}

{{See also|One Unit|National Awami Party}}

Bacha Khan took the [[oath of allegiance]] to the new nation of Pakistan on 23 February 1948 at the first session of the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|Pakistan Constituent Assembly]].<ref name="BKT">{{cite web|url=http://www.baachakhantrust.org/AbdulGhaffarKhan.pdf|title=Abdul Ghaffar Khan|first=Sayed Wiqar Ali|last=Shah|work=Baacha Khan Trust|access-date=10 July 2013|archive-date=25 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325020951/http://baachakhantrust.org/AbdulGhaffarKhan.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Jaffrelot2015">{{cite book|author=Christophe Jaffrelot|author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-023518-5|pages=153}}</ref>
[[Image:Abdul Ghafar Khan, Nehru, and Sardar Patel 1946.jpg|thumb|right|Khan walking with [[Indian National Congress]] leader [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] after the [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India|Cabinet Mission]] in 1946]]
He pledged full support to the government and attempted to reconcile with the founder of the new state Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Although initial overtures led to a successful meeting in Karachi, a follow-up meeting in the Khudai Khidmatgar HQ never materialized, allegedly due to the role of NWFP Chief Minister, [[Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri]], who told Jinnah that Bacha Khan was plotting his assassination.<ref name="Korejo">Korejo, M.S. (1993) ''The Frontier Gandhi, his place in history''. Karachi : Oxford University Press.</ref><ref name="Azad">{{cite book |last=Azad |first=Abul Kalam |author-link=Abul Kalam Azad |year=2005 |orig-year=First published 1959 |title=India Wins Freedom: An Autobiographical Narrative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9_EW80LFjoC&pg=PA213 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Orient Longman |pages=213–214 |isbn=81-250-0514-5 |quote=Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan had several interviews with him at Karachi and at one stage it seemed that an understanding would be reached ... [Jinnah] planned to go to Peshawar to meet him ... This however did not materialise. Soon the political enemies of the Khan brothers poisoned Jinnah's mind against them. Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan ... was naturally opposed to any reconciliation between Jinnah and the Khan brothers. He therefore behaved in a way which made any understanding impossible.}}</ref>

Following this, Bacha Khan formed Pakistan's first national opposition party, on 8 May 1948, the Pakistan Azad Party. The party pledged to play the role of constructive opposition and would be non-communal in its philosophy.

However, suspicions of his allegiance persisted and under the new Pakistani government, Bacha Khan was placed under house arrest without charge during the [[Waziristan rebellion (1948–1954)|Waziristan Rebellion]] from 1948 till 1954. In 1954, Bacha Khan split with his elder brother Khan Sahib after the latter joined the Central Cabinet of Muhammad Ali Bogra as Minister for Communications. Released from prison, he gave a speech again on the floor of the National Assembly, this time condemning [[Babrra massacre|the massacre of his supporters at Babrra]].<ref>Hassan, Syed Minhajul (1998). ''Babra Firing Incident: 12 August 1948''. Peshawar: University of Peshawar.</ref>

[[Image:Sheikh, Nehru and Badshah Khan 1945.jpg|thumb|Khan with [[Sheikh Abdullah]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in [[Nishat Bagh]], [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (1945)]]
{{blockquote|text=I had to go to prison many a time in the days of the Britishers. Although we were at loggerheads with them, yet their treatment was to some extent tolerant and polite. But the treatment which was meted out to me in this Islamic state of ours was such that I would not even like to mention it to you.<ref>Badshah Khan, Budget session of Assembly on 20 March 1954.</ref>
}}

He was arrested several times after late 1948. In 1956 he was arrested for opposing the [[One Unit]] Scheme.<ref>Abdul Ghaffar Khan(1958) Pashtun Aw Yoo Unit. Peshawar.</ref> The government attempted in 1958 to reconcile with him and offered him a ministry in the government, after the assassination of his brother, but he refused.<ref>by Zaidi, Syed Afzaal Husain. [http://www.dawn.com/2005/09/28/letted.htm#5 "An Old episode recalled"] 28 September 2005, Dawn.com</ref> He remained in prison till 1957 only to be re-arrested in 1958 until an illness in 1964 allowed for his release.<ref name="Pakistan: The Frontier Gandhi">"Pakistan: The Frontier Gandhi" (18 January 1954). ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.</ref>

In 1962, Bacha Khan was named an "[[Amnesty International]] Prisoner of the Year". Amnesty's statement about him said, "His example symbolizes the suffering of upward of a million people all over the world who are prisoners of conscience."

In September 1964, the Pakistani authorities allowed him to go to the United Kingdom for treatment. During the winter, his doctor advised him to go to United States. He then went into exile to Afghanistan, he returned from exile in December 1972 to popular support, following the establishment of [[National Awami Party]] provincial governments in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North West Frontier Province]] and [[Balochistan]].

He was arrested by Prime Minister [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]]'s government at Multan in November 1973 and described Bhutto's government as "the worst kind of dictatorship".<ref name="Wolpert">Wolpert, Stanley A. (1993) ''Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: His Life and Times''. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-507661-5}}</ref>

In 1984, increasingly withdrawing from politics, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=McKibben |first=William |date=24 September 1984 |title=The Talk of the Town: Notes and Comments |magazine=The New Yorker |pages=39–40 }}</ref> He visited India and participated in the centennial celebrations of the Indian National Congress in 1985; he was awarded the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding]] in 1967<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iccrindia.net/jnawardlist.html|title=List of the recipients of the Jawaharlal Nehru Award|publisher=[[ICCR]] website|access-date=13 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901175835/http://www.iccrindia.net/jnawardlist.html|archive-date=1 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and later [[Bharat Ratna]], India's highest civilian award, in 1987.<ref name="Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1988">Abdul Ghaffar Khan, 98, a Follower of Gandhi (21 January 1988) ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 21 January 2008</ref>

His final major political challenge was against the Kalabagh dam project, fearing that the project would damage the Peshawar valley. His hostility would eventually lead to the project being shelved after his death.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

==Death==
Bacha Khan died in Peshawar in 1988 from complications of a stroke and was buried in his house at [[Jalalabad, Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-21-mn-37192-story.html |author=Ron Tempest |title=Ghaffar Khan: 'Frontier Gandhi' of India |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=21 June 1988 |accessdate=19 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="15-killed" /> Over 200,000 mourners attended his funeral, including the Afghan president [[Mohammad Najibullah]]. The then Indian Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] went to Peshawar, to pay his tributes to Bacha Khan despite the fact that [[Zia ul-Haq]] attempted to stall his attendance citing security reasons. Additionally, the Indian government declared a five-day period of mourning in his honour.<ref name="Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1988"/> Although he had been repeatedly imprisoned and persecuted, tens of thousands of mourners attended his funeral, described by one commentator as "a caravan of peace, carrying a message of love" from Pashtuns east of the Khyber to those on the west,<ref name="Korejo"/> marching through the historic [[Khyber Pass]] from Peshawar to Jalalabad.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} A cease-fire was announced in the [[Soviet–Afghan War]] to allow the funeral to take place, even though it was marred by bomb explosions killing fifteen people.<ref name="15-killed">{{Cite news|agency=AP |date=23 January 1988 |title=15 Killed at Afghan Rites for Pathan Leader |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=Section 1, page 28 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/23/world/15-killed-at-afghan-rites-for-pathan-leader.html }}</ref>

==Memorial==
The [[Banaras Flyover]] in Karachi and the Bacha Khan Chowk it traverses stand as memorials to Abdul Ghaffar Khan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=it has virtually destroyed. |first1=People want it named after the Bacha Khan Chowk |title=What’s in a name? Everything, says this neighbourhood for new Banaras flyover |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/320643/what%e2%80%99s-in-a-name-everything-says-this-neighbourhood-for-new-banaras-flyover |access-date=27 December 2024 |work=The Express Tribune. |date=13 January 2012}}</ref> The chowk, named in his honour, was a cultural and political landmark for the local [[Pashtun]] community, is now overshadowed by the flyover.

==Pashtunistan==
Abdul Ghaffar Khan took an oath of allegiance to Pakistan in 1948 in the legislation assembly. When during his speech he was asked by the PM [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] about [[Pashtunistan]], he replied that it was just a name for the [[Pashtun province]] in [[Pakistan]], just as [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Bengal, Pakistan|Bengal]], [[Sindh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchistan]] are the names of [[provinces of Pakistan]] as ethno-linguistic names,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bukhari |first=Farigh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I43pAAAAMAAJ |title=Taḥrīk-i āzādī aur Bācā K̲h̲ān |publisher=Fiction House |year=1991 |pages=226}}</ref> However, this compromise was apparently contrary to what he believed in and strived for before partition: Pashtunistan as an independent state after the failure of the idea of a united India.

Later on in 1980, during an interview with an Indian journalist, Haroon Siddiqui, in Jalalabad, Abdul Ghaffar Khan said
{{blockquote|The idea never helped us. In fact, it was never a reality. Successive Afghan governments just exploited it for their own political ends. It was only towards the end of his regime that [[Mohammad Daoud Khan|Daoud Khan]] had stopped talking about it. And [[Nur Muhammad Taraki|Taraki]] in the early part of his regime also didn't mention it. So when I met him, I thanked him for not raising the issue. But later, even he raised the issue because he wanted to continue the problem for Pakistan. Our people suffered greatly because of all this.}}<ref name="IT">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/neighbours/story/19800331-everything-in-afghanistan-is-done-in-the-name-of-religion-khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan-806546-2014-01-31|title=Everything in Afghanistan is done in the name of religion: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan |access-date=13 January 2014 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222030531/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/neighbours/story/19800331-everything-in-afghanistan-is-done-in-the-name-of-religion-khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan-806546-2014-01-31 |url-status=live}}</ref> He also said in the same interview that "I'll live here. I'm now (for all intents and purposes) an Afghan. I'm not even permitting my son, Khan Abdul Wali Khan, political leader of Pakistan's North West Frontier Province, to visit me because he'll insist that I go with him to Pakistan. But I don't want to go."

== Family ==
[[File:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1939.jpg|thumb|Image published in ''Modern Review'' (1939)]]
Bacha Khan married his first wife Meharqanda in 1912; she was a daughter of Yar Mohammad Khan of the Kinankhel clan of the Mohammadzai tribe of Razzar, a village adjacent to Utmanzai. They had a son in 1913, [[Abdul Ghani Khan|`]], who would become a noted artist and poet. Subsequently, they had another son, [[Abdul Wali Khan]] (17 January 1917 – 2006), and daughter, Sardaro. Meharqanda died during the [[1918 flu pandemic|1918 influenza epidemic]].

In 1920, Bacha Khan remarried; his new wife, Nambata, was a cousin of his first wife and the daughter of Sultan Mohammad Khan of Razzar. They had a daughter, Mehar Taj (25 May 1921 – 29 April 2012),<ref name="Daughter of Bacha Khan passes away" /> and a son, [[Abdul Ali Khan]] (20 August 1922 – 19 February 1997). Tragically, in 1926 Nambata died early as well from a fall down the stairs of the apartment where they were staying in [[Jerusalem]].<ref name="Kyber-Gateway" /> Bacha Khan believed in girls' education, so he provided his daughter an education as good as his sons.<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MAnEjbFeV8 |title=Badshah Khan: A Perfect Muslim Exponent of Nonviolence |date=21 June 2025 |last=Vinay Lal |access-date=22 June 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Gandhi and Abdul Gaffa Khan.jpg|thumb|Khan with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] ({{Circa|1940}})]]
Bacha Khan's political legacy is renowned amongst Pashtuns and those in modern Republic of India as a leader of a non-violent movement. He is often regarded as one of the leading figures of Pashtun nationalism.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Irfan |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/The_Dark_Side_of_News_Fixing/obdMEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bacha+khan+pashtun+nationalism&pg=PA61&printsec=frontcover |title=The Dark Side of News Fixing |date=2 November 2021 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-83998-138-8 |language=en}}</ref> Within Pakistan, however, the vast majority of society have questioned his stance with the All India Congress over the Muslim League as well as his [[opposition to the partition of India]] and Jinnah. In particular, people have questioned where Bacha Khan's patriotism rests.

His eldest son [[Ghani Khan]] was a poet. Ghani Khan's wife, Roshan, was from a [[Parsis|Parsi]] family and was the daughter of Nawab Rustam Jang, a prince of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arbab |first=Safoora |year=2016 |title=Ghani Khan: A Postmodern Humanist Poet-Philosopher |journal=Sagar: A South Asia Research Journal |volume=24 |issue= |pages=24–63, 30 |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/82647/sagarxxiv.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y}}</ref> His second son, [[Abdul Wali Khan]], was the founder and leader of the [[Awami National Party]] from 1986 to 2006, and was the Leader of the Opposition in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|Pakistan National Assembly]] from 1988 to 1990.

His third son [[Abdul Ali Khan]] was non-political and a distinguished educator, and served as Vice-Chancellor of [[University of Peshawar]]. Ali Khan was also the head of [[Aitchison College]] in [[Lahore]] and Fazle Haq College in [[Mardan]].

His niece Mariam married Jaswant Singh in 1939. Jaswant Singh was a young British Indian airforce officer and was [[Sikh]] by faith. Mariam later [[conversion to Christianity|converted to Christianity]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xk-4ZS6uHEC&q=Whose+niece|title=The Pathan Unarmed: Opposition & Memory in the North West Frontier|last=Banerjee|first=Mukulika|page=185|year= 2001|publisher=James Currey Publishers|isbn=0852552734}}</ref>

[[Mohammed Yahya]], Education Minister of [[Khyber Pukhtunkhwa]], was the only son-in-law of Bacha Khan.

[[Asfandyar Wali Khan]] is the grandson of Abdul Ghaffar Khan, and was the leader of the Awami National Party. The party was in power from 2008 to 2013.

Zarine Khan Walsh, who lives in Mumbai, is the granddaughter of Abdul Ghaffar Khan and was the second daughter of Abdul Ghaffar Khan's eldest son Abdul Ghani Khan.<ref name="Sharma2016"/>

The [[All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind]] is chaired by Yasmin Nigar Khan, who claims to be the great-granddaughter of Abdul Ghaffar Khan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/281681-protect-islamabad |publisher=[[The News International]] |access-date=28 May 2020 |language=en |date=16 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bacha Khan's great-granddaughter says Pakistan was behind attack on university |url=https://www.khaama.com/bacha-khans-great-granddaughter-says-pakistan-was-behind-the-university-attack-4507/ |newspaper=The Khaama Press News Agency |date=23 January 2016|quote=The great-granddaughter of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan or Bacha Khan says that Pakistan was behind the university attack in which students were butchered. She has rejected the claim of Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) that accepted responsibility for attack on Bacha Khan University, named after her great-grandfather, saying it was done by Islamabad to "vitiate the minds" of Pakistani Pashtuns against the people of Afghanistan. In an interview with Hindustan Times, Yasmin Nigar Khan, 42, who heads the All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind, has argued that if this is not the cause then, why would the Taliban attack the North West Frontier Province every time, instead of striking in the Punjab or Sindh provinces?}}</ref> [[Awami National Party]] leader [[Asfandyar Wali Khan]] rejected the claim, though a cultural ministry official clarified that Yasmin Nigar Khan was a descendant of Abdul Ghaffar Khan's "adopted" son.<ref name="Sharma2016">{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Vinod |title=Ministry goofs up on Ghaffar Khan's 'kin' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/nation/ministry-goofs-up-on-ghaffar-khan-s-kin/story-xcUuiHExDcYxgqt8iiyGdO.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

[[Salma Ataullahjan]] is the great-grandniece of Abdul Ghaffar Khan and a member of the [[Senate of Canada]].

== Film, literature and society ==
{{multiple image
| total_width = 320px
| perrow = 2
| image1 = Karol Bagh, 2008 (6).JPG
| image2 =
| footer = Ghaffar Market (named after Khan) in [[Karol Bagh]], [[Delhi]].
}}

In 2008, a documentary, titled ''[[The Frontier Gandhi]]'', by film-maker and writer T.C. McLuhan, premiered in New York. The film received the 2009 award for Best Documentary Film at the [[Middle East International Film Festival]] (see [[The Frontier Gandhi|film page]]).

In 1990, Abdul Kabeer Siddiqui of Indian National TV made a 30-minute English-language biographical documentary film on Bacha Khan, titled ''The Majestic Man''. It was telecast on [[Doordarshan]].

In Richard Attenborough's 1982 epic ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'', Bacha Khan was portrayed by Dilsher Singh.

In his home city of [[Peshawar]], the [[Bacha Khan International Airport]] is named after him.

In his hometown [[Charsadda]], the [[Bacha Khan University]] is named after him.

Bacha Khan was listed as one of 26 men who changed the world in a recent [[children's literature|children's book]] published in the United States, alongside [[Tiger Woods]] and [[Yo-Yo Ma]].<ref>
Cynthia Chin-Lee, Megan Halsey, Sean Addy (2006). ''[https://archive.org/details/akiratozoltantwe00cynt/page/30  Akira to Zoltán: twenty-six men who changed the world]''. Watertown, MA (US): Charlesbridge. {{ISBN|978-1-57091-579-6}} (Badshah Khan is listed under the letter 'B', p. 5)</ref> He also wrote an autobiography (1969), and has been the subject of biographies by [[Eknath Easwaran]] (see [[Nonviolent Soldier of Islam|article]]) and [[Rajmohan Gandhi]] (see "References" section, below). His philosophy of Islamic pacifism was recognized by US Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]], in a speech to Muslim Americans.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140502070614/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?tag=abdul-ghaffar Muslim Media Network. (17 September 2009). Hillary Clinton hosts Iftar at State Department.]}} last accessed 22 March 2010.</ref>

In the Indian city of [[Delhi]], the popular [[Khan Market]] is named in his honour, along with Ghaffar market in the [[Karol Bagh]] area of New Delhi.<ref name="Paprika Media Private Ltd.">{{cite web|url=http://www.timeoutdelhi.net/client_coverstory/client_coverstory_details.asp?code=327 |title=Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Market |publisher=Paprika Media Private Ltd. |access-date=14 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716215841/http://www.timeoutdelhi.net/client_coverstory/client_coverstory_details.asp?code=327 |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Sify">{{cite web|url = http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14282337|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090531082806/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14282337|url-status = dead|archive-date = 31 May 2009| title = My visits to Khan Market|website = Sify News|access-date = 14 November 2008}}</ref> In [[Mumbai]], a seafront road and promenade in the [[Worli]] neighbourhood was named Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Marg after him.

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[Mirzali Khan]]
* [[Khudai Khidmatgar]]
* [[List of peace activists]]
* [[Bacha Khan Trust]]
* [[Aimal Wali Khan]]
* [[Pakistan]]

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Habib |first=Irfan |author-link=Irfan Habib |title=Civil Disobedience 1930–31 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=25 |issue=9–10 |date=September–October 1997 |pages=43–66 |doi=10.2307/3517680 |jstor=3517680}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Johansen |first=Robert C. |title =Radical Islam and Nonviolence: A Case Study of Religious Empowerment and Constraint Among Pashtuns |journal=Journal of Peace Research |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=53–71 |year=1997 |doi =10.1177/0022343397034001005|s2cid=145684635 }}
* [[Olaf Caroe|Caroe, Olaf]]. 1984. ''The Pathans: 500 B.C–-A.D. 1957'' (Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints)." Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-577221-0}}
* Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1969). ''My life and struggle: [https://urdukutabkhanapk.com/my-life-and-struggle-autobiography-by/ Autobiography of Badshah Khan] (as narrated to K.B. Narang)''. Translated by Helen Bouman. Hind Pocket Books, New Delhi.
* [[Rajmohan Gandhi]] (2004). ''Ghaffar Khan: non-violent Badshah of the Pakhtuns''. Viking, New Delhi. {{ISBN|0-670-05765-7}}.
* [http://www.easwaran.org Eknath Easwaran] (1999). ''[[Nonviolent Soldier of Islam]]: Ghaffar Khan, a man to match his mountains''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060617033759/http://www.easwaran.org/nilgiri.cfm?pageid=28&itemid=00-1 Nilgiri Press], Tomales, CA. {{ISBN|1-888314-00-1}}
* ''Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan: A True Servant of Humanity'' by Girdhari Lal Puri pp. 188–190.
* Mukulika Banerjee (2000). ''Pathan Unarmed: Opposition & Memory in the North West Frontier''. School of American Research Press. {{ISBN|0-933452-68-3}}
* ''Pilgrimage for Peace: Gandhi and Frontier Gandhi Among N.W.F. Pathans,'' [[Pyarelal Nayyar|Pyarelal]], Ahmedabad, Navajivan Publishing House, 1950.
* ''Tah Da Qam Da Zrah Da Raza'', Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Mardan [Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa] Ulasi Adabi Tolanah, 1990.
* ''Thrown to the Wolves: Abdul Ghaffar'', Pyarelal, Calcutta, Eastlight Book House, 1966.
* ''Faraib-e-Natamam '', Juma Khan Sufi
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan|v=Nonkilling Leadership Lessons from Abdul Ghaffar Khan|wikt=no|b=no}}
* {{EI3|last=Leake|first=Elisabeth|title=ʿAbd al-Ghaffār Khān|year=2015|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/abd-al-ghaffar-khan-COM_23896?s.num=2&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=baluch}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615182316/http://www.kavitachhibber.com/main/main.jsp?id=badshah_khan Interview] with Bacha Khan
* [http://www.baachakhantrust.org/ Baacha Khan Trust]
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1900_1999/abdulghaffarkhan/abdulghaffarkhan.html Columbia University pictures]
* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171019213626/http://pukhtoogle.com/gallery/cat-bacha-khan-25.htm Photograph Collection]

{{Pashtun nationalism}}
{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Bharat Ratna}}
{{Gandhi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Abdul Ghaffar}}
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
[[Category:Pakistani civil rights activists]]
[[Category:Community activists]]
[[Category:Pakistani critics of religions]]
[[Category:Pakistani socialists]]
[[Category:Muslim reformers]]
[[Category:Pakistani pacifists]]
[[Category:People from Peshawar]]
[[Category:Pashtun people]]
[[Category:Pashtun nationalists]]
[[Category:Indian nationalists]]
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Charsadda District, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani exiles]]
[[Category:Pakistani Muslim pacifists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslim pacifists]]
[[Category:Pakistani prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1947–1954]]
[[Category:Bahram Khan family|Abdul Ghaffar]]
[[Category:Muslim socialists]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]]

Tukaram

2026-03-21T14:27:09Z

Samyakkpravesh: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|17th-century Varkari Sant and Poet}}
{{About|17th-century Marathi Varkari Sant 'Tukaram'|other uses||}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Tukaram तुकाराम
| image = Tukaram by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg
| caption = Tukaram
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_date = Either 1598 or 1608{{sfn|Ranade|1994|pp=3-7}}{{sfn|Tulpule|Shelke|1992|p=148}}
| birth_place = [[Dehu]], [[Pune]]{{sfn|Tulpule|Shelke|1992|p=148}} [[Maharashtra]], India
| birth_name = Tukaram Bolhoba Ambile
| death_date = Either 1649 or 1650 in [[Dehu]], Pune
| known_for = [[Abhanga]] (devotional poetry), Social Reformer -[[Sant (religion)|sant]] of [[Bhakti movement]]<ref name=mohanlal>Mohan Lal (1993), Encyclopedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot, Sahitya Akademi, South Asia Books, {{ISBN|978-9993154228}}, pages 4403-4404</ref>
| literary_works = Tukaram Gatha
| order = [[Varkari]] tradition
| dharma_names = Sant Tukaram
| other_names = Tuka, Tukoba, Tukobaraya
| mother = Kankai
| father = Bolhoba
}}

'''Tukaram''' (Marathi pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[t̪ukaːɾam]]]), also known as '''Tuka, Tukobaraya,''' and '''Tukoba''', was a Hindu [[Marathi people|Marathi]] saint of the [[Warkari|Warkari Sampradaya]] who lived in the 17th century.<ref>Maxine Bernsten (1988), The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra, State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-0887066627}}, pages 248-249</ref><ref name="annaschultz" /> He was a devotee of the god [[Vithoba]], a form of Vishnu.<ref name="mohanlal" /> He is best known for his devotional poetry called [[abhanga]], which is popular in Maharashtra. Many of his poems<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=LEKH |date=2023-12-17 |title=Vrukshavalli Amha Soyari Meaning: Unconditional Truth behind the poem |url=https://lekh.co/soul-scrubbing-poem-vrukshavaalli-amha-soyari-vanchari/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=LEKH |language=en-US}}</ref> deal with social reform.<ref name="annaschultz">Anna Schultz (2012), Singing a Hindu Nation: Marathi Devotional Performance and Nationalism, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0199730834}}, page 62</ref>

==Biography==

=== Early life ===
Tukaram was born in the modern-day Maharashtra state of India. His complete name was Tukaram Bolhoba Ambile.{{sfn|Ranade|1994|pp=1-7}}

[[File:Tukaram print.jpg|thumb|Tukaram is said to have left for [[Vaikuntha]], abode of [[Vishnu]] (identified with Vithoba) at the end of his earthly life.]]
He spent most of his later years in devotional worship, community [[kirtans]] (group prayers with singing) and composing [[Abhanga]] poetry.<ref name="mohanlal" />{{sfn|Ranade|1994|p=7-9}}<ref name="zelliot">Eleanor Zelliot (1976), Hinduism: New Essays in the History of Religions (Editor: Bardwell L Smith), Brill Academic, {{ISBN|978-9004044951}}, pages 154-156</ref>
Tukaram pointed out social injustices, caste hierarchy, and the misconduct of certain religious leaders through his {{Transliteration|hi|kiratans}} and {{Transliteration|hi|abhangs}}.<ref name="बहु फार विटंबिले">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-26|title=बहु फार विटंबिले..|url=https://www.loksatta.com/tuka-loki-nirala-news/sant-tukaram-and-sanatani-tendencies-1256566/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Loksatta|language=mr-IN}}</ref> As a result, he faced opposition from various sections of society. One of his main detractors was Mambaji Gosavi, who ran a {{Transliteration|hi|matha}} (monastic establishment) in Dehu and had several followers.<ref name="बहु फार विटंबिले"/> Initially, Tukaram entrusted him with the task of performing {{Transliteration|hi|puja}} at his temple. However, Mambaji became increasingly jealous of Tukaram’s growing popularity and respect among the villagers. At one point, he attacked Tukaram with a thorn stick<ref name="बहु फार विटंबिले"/> and used abusive language against him.<ref name="बहु फार विटंबिले"/>

Mambaji continued to oppose Tukaram, blaming him for the loss of traditional {{Transliteration|hi|abhangas}}, which conveyed reformist ideas that challenged the dominant Brahmanical orthodoxy. Such views were not widely accepted at the time, particularly by individuals like Mambaji. Ironically, he later became one of Tukaram’s devotees, though only after facing considerable personal humiliation.

Tukaram is also believed to have met [[Shivaji]] – the founder of the [[Maratha Empire]];<ref>{{cite book|author=Kaushik Roy|title=Warfare in Pre-British India – 1500BCE to 1740CE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xx7ICQAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-58692-0|pages=140–141}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shivaji Hindu King in Islamic India |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Shivaji/__pQEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Tukaram+shivaji&pg=PA57&printsec=frontcover |last=Laine |first=James W |date=2003-02-13 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=57}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stewart Gordon|title=The Marathas 1600–1818|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |year=1993|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26883-7|pages=1–3}}</ref><ref name=abbott /> their continued interaction is considered legendary.<ref name=abbott>Justin Edwards Abbott (2000), Life of Tukaram, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120801707}}, page 320</ref>{{sfn|Tulpule|Shelke|1992|pp=158-163}} [[Eleanor Zelliot]] notes that poets from the [[Bhakti movement]], including Tukaram, significantly influenced Shivaji’s rise to power.<ref name=zelliot/> Some accounts even claim that Tukaram once saved Chhatrapati Shivaji's life from pursuing Mughal forces.

It is widely accepted by historians that Saint Tukaram died in 1650.{{sfn|Tulpule|Shelke|1992|p=148}}{{sfn|Ranade|1994|p=1-2}}

== Philosophy and practices ==

===Vedanta===
[[File:Vithoba, pandharpur (6145665793).jpg|thumb|Mural of the god Vithoba with Varkari sants; Tukaram sits on the right arm.]]
In his work of ''Abhangas'', Tukarama repeatedly refers to four people who had a primary influence on his spiritual development, namely the earlier Bhakti [[Sant (religion)|Sant]]s ''[[Namdev]]'', ''[[Dnyaneshwar]]'', ''[[Kabir]]'' and ''[[Eknath]]''.{{sfn|Ranade|1994|pp=10-12}} Early 20th-century scholars on Tukaram considered his teachings to be [[Vedanta]]-based but lacking a systematic theme. JF Edwards wrote,
{{Blockquote|Tukaram is never systematic in his psychology, his theology, or his theodicy. He oscillates between a [[Dvaita|Dvaitist]] [Vedanta] and an [[Advaita|Advaitist]] view of God and the world, leaning now to a [[pantheism|pantheistic]] scheme of things, now to a distinctly Providential, and he does not harmonize them. He says little about cosmogony, and according to him, God realizes Himself in the devotion of His worshippers. Likewise, faith is essential to their realization of Him: 'It is our faith that makes thee a god', he says boldly to his [[Vithoba]].<ref>JF Edwards (1921), [https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaofr12hastuoft#page/468/mode/2up Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics: Suffering-Zwingli], Volume 12, Editors: James Hastings, John Alexander Selbie and Louis Herbert Gray, New York: Charles Scribner, Reprinted in 2000 as {{ISBN|978-0567065124}}, page 468</ref>}}

Late 20th-century scholarship of Tukaram, and translations of his ''Abhanga'' poem, affirm his pantheistic Vedantic view.{{sfn|Ranade|1994|p=192-197}} Tukaram's Abhanga 2877, as translated by Shri Gurudev Ranade of Nimbal states, for example, "The Vedanta has said that the whole universe is filled by God. All sciences have proclaimed that God has filled the whole world. The Puranas have unmistakably taught the universal immanence of God. The [[Sant (religion)|sant]]s have told us that the world is filled by God. Tuka indeed is playing in the world uncontaminated by it like the Sun which stands absolutely transcendent".{{sfn|Ranade|1994|p=192-197}}

Scholars note the often discussed controversy, particularly among Marathi people, whether Tukaram subscribed to the monistic Vedanta philosophy of [[Adi Shankara]].<ref name=bhandarkar>R G Bhandarkar (2014), Vaisnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-1138821064}}, pages 98-99</ref><ref>Charles Eliot (1998), Hinduism and Buddhism: An Historical Sketch, Volume 2, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0700706792}}, page 258, Quote: "Maratha critics have discussed whether Tukaram followed the monistic philosophy of Sankara or more, and it must be confessed that his utterances are contradictory."</ref> Bhandarkar notes that Abhanga 300, 1992 and 2482 attributed to Tukaram are in style and philosophy of Adi Shankara:<ref name=bhandarkar />

{{Blockquote|
<poem>
When salt is dissolved in water, what is it that remains distinct?
I have thus become one in joy with thee [Vithoba, God] and have lost myself in thee.
When fire and camphor are brought together, is there any black remnant left?
Tuka says, thou and I are one light.
</poem>
|Tukaram Gatha, 2482|Translated by RG Bhandarkar<ref name=bhandarkar />}}

However, scholars also note that other Abhangas attributed to Tukaram criticize monism, and favor dualistic Vedanta philosophy of the Indian philosophers [[Madhvacharya]] and [[Ramanuja]].<ref name=bhandarkar /> In Abhanga 1471, according to Bhandarkar's translation, Tukaram says, "When monism is expounded without faith and love, the expounder as well as the hearer are troubled and afflicted. He who calls himself Brahma and goes on in his usual way, should not be spoken to and is a buffoon. The shameless one who speaks heresy in opposition to the [[Vedas]] is an object of scorn among holy men."<ref name=bhandarkar />

Tukaram denounced mechanical rites, rituals, sacrifices, vows and instead encouraged direct form of bhakti (devotion).<ref name=bhandarkar /><ref>[[David Lorenzen]] (2006), Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History, [[Yoda Press]], {{ISBN|978-8190227261}}, page 130</ref>

=== Kirtan ===
Tukaram encouraged [[kirtan]] as a music imbued, community-oriented group singing and dancing form of [[bhakti]].<ref name=annaschultz /> He considered kirtan not just a means to learn about Bhakti, but Bhakti itself.<ref name=annaschultz /> The greatest merit in kirtan, according to Tukaram, is it being not only a spiritual path for the devotee, it helps create a spiritual path for others.<ref name=annaschultz2>Anna Schultz (2012), Singing a Hindu Nation: Marathi Devotional Performance and Nationalism, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0199730834}}, pages 25-28</ref>

=== Social reforms ===
[[File:Stamp of India - 2002 - Colnect 158259 - Sant Tukaram 1608 - 1650.jpeg|thumb|Commemorative Indian stamp depicting Tukaram (2002)]]
Tukaram accepted disciples and devotees without discriminating on the basis of gender. One of his celebrated devotees was [[Bahinabai|Bahina Bai]], a Brahmin woman, who faced anger and abuse of her husband when she chose Bhakti marga and Tukaram as her ''guru''.{{sfn|Feldhaus|1982|pp=591-604{{page range too broad|date=December 2021}}}}

Tukaram taught, states Ranade,{{sfn|Ranade|1994|p=154-156}} that "pride of caste never made any man holy", "the Vedas and Shastras have said that for the service of God, castes do not matter", "castes do not matter, it is God's name that matters", and "an outcast who loves the Name of God is verily a Brahmin; in him have tranquility, forbearance, compassion and courage made their home".{{sfn|Ranade|1994|p=154-156}} However, early 20th century scholars questioned whether Tukaram himself observed caste when his daughters from his second wife married men of their own caste.<ref name=frasercaste /> Fraser and Edwards, in their 1921 review of Tukaram, stated that this is not necessarily so, because people in the West too generally prefer relatives to marry those of their own economic and social strata.<ref name=frasercaste>[https://archive.org/stream/LifeAndTeachingsOfTukaram#page/n195/mode/2up The Life and Teaching of Tukaram] J Nelson Fraser, and JF Edwards, Probsthain, Christian Literature Society, pages 163, 54-55</ref>

[[David Lorenzen]] states that the acceptance, efforts and reform role of Tukaram in the ''Varakari-sampraday'' follows the diverse caste and gender distributions found in Bhakti movements across India.<ref name=lorenzervarsam /> The rest include ten Brahmins and two whose caste origins are unknown.<ref name=lorenzervarsam /> Of the twenty one, four women are celebrated as sant, born in two Brahmin and two non-Brahmin families. Tukaram's effort at social reforms within ''Varakari-sampraday'' must be viewed in this historical context and as part of the overall movement, states Lorenzen.<ref name="lorenzervarsam">[[David Lorenzen]] (2006), Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History, [[Yoda Press]], {{ISBN|978-8190227261}}, pages 127-128</ref>

== Literary works ==
[[File:Gatha temple.JPG|thumb|Gatha temple in [[Dehu]], near Pune [[Maharashtra]], is one of two local temples that mark the legacy of Tukaram. His poetry is carved on its wall.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160508211011/http://yourshot.nationalgeographic.com/photos/3726329/ Gatha Temple], National Geographic (2014)</ref>]]

Tukaram composed [[Abhanga]] poetry, a Marathi genre of literature which is metrical (traditionally the ''ovi'' meter), simple, direct, and it fuses folk stories with deeper spiritual themes.

Tukaram's work is known for informal verses of rapturous abandon in folksy style, composed in vernacular language, in contrast to his predecessors such as Dnyandeva or [[Namdev]] known for combining similar depth of thought with a grace of style.<ref name=mohanlalgatha />

In one of his poems, Tukaram self-effacingly described himself as a "fool, confused, lost, liking solitude because I am wearied of the world, worshipping Vitthal (Vishnu) just like my ancestors were doing but I lack their faith and devotion, and there is nothing holy about me".{{sfn|Tulpule|Shelke|1992|pp=149-150}}

''Tukaram Gatha'' is a Marathi language compilation of his works, likely composed between 1632 and 1650.<ref name=mohanlalgatha>Mohan Lal (1993), Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot, Sahitya Akademi, South Asia Books, {{ISBN|978-9993154228}}, pages 4404-4405</ref> Also called ''Abhanga Gatha'', the Indian tradition believes it includes some 4,500 ''abhangas''. The poems considered authentic cover a wide range of human emotions and life experiences, some autobiographical, and places them in a spiritual context.<ref name=mohanlalgatha /> He includes a discussion about the conflict between ''Pravritti'' – having passion for life, family, business, and ''Nivritti'' – the desire to renounce, leave everything behind for individual liberation, [[moksha]].<ref name=mohanlalgatha />

Ranade states there are four major collations of Tukaram's Abhanga Gathas.{{sfn|Ranade|1994|pp=19-22}}

=== Authenticity ===
The first compilation of Tukaram poems was published, in modern format, by Indu Prakash publishers in 1869, subsidized by the British colonial government's [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name=frasermss>[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023185857#page/n159/mode/2up The Life and Teaching of Tukaram] J Nelson Fraser, and JF Edwards, Probsthain, Christian Literature Society, pages 119-124</ref> The 1869 edition noted, "some of the [as received] manuscripts on which the compilation relied, had been 'corrected', 'further corrected' and 'arranged'."<ref name=frasermss /> This doctoring and rewriting over about 200 years, after Tukaram's death, has raised questions whether the modern compilation of Tukaram's poems faithfully represents what Tukaram actually thought and said, and the [[historicity]] of the document. The known manuscripts are jumbled, randomly scattered collections, without chronological sequence, and each contains some poems that are not found in all other known manuscripts.{{sfn|Chitre|1991|p={{page needed|date=December 2021}}}}

=== Books and translations ===
The 18th-century biographer [[Mahipati]], in his four volume compilation of the lives of many [[Bhakti movement]] [[Sant (religion)|sant]]s, included Tukaram. Mahipati's treatise has been translated by Justin Abbott.<ref name=zelliot /><ref>Justin Abbott (2000), Tukaram: The Poet-Saints of Maharashtra, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120801707}}</ref>

A translation of about 3,700 poems from Tukaram Gatha in English was published, in three volumes, between 1909 and 1915, by Fraser and Marathe.<ref>J Nelson Fraser and KB Marathe, The Poems of Tukaram, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120808515}}</ref> In 1922, Fraser and Edwards published his biography and religious ideas incorporating some translations of Tukaram's poems,<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/LifeAndTeachingsOfTukaram#page/n1/mode/2up The Life and Teaching of Tukaram] J Nelson Fraser, and JF Edwards, Probsthain, Christian Literature Society</ref> and included a comparison of Tukaram's philosophy and theology with those of Christianity.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/LifeAndTeachingsOfTukaram#page/n1/mode/2up The Life and Teaching of Tukaram] J Nelson Fraser, and JF Edwards, Probsthain, Christian Literature Society, pages 274-278, Appendix II & III</ref> Deleury, in 1956, published a metric French translation of a selection of Tukaram's poem along with an introduction to the religious heritage of Tukaram (Deleury spells him as ''Toukaram'').<ref>Guy A Deleury (1956), Psaumes dy Pelerin: Toukaram, Paris: Gallimard, {{ISBN|978-2070717897}}, pages 9-34</ref>

[[Arun Kolatkar]] published, in 1966, six volumes of avant-garde translations of Tukaram poems.<ref name=zelliot /> Ranade has published a critical biography and some selected translation.{{sfn|Ranade|1994|p={{page needed|date=December 2021}}}}

[[Dilip Chitre]] translated writings of Sant Tukaram into English in the book titled ''Says Tuka'' for which he was awarded the ''Sahitya Akademi'' award in 1994.{{sfn|Chitre|1991|p={{page needed|date=December 2021}}}} A selection of poems of Tukaram has been translated and published by Daniel Ladinsky.<ref>Daniel Ladinsky (2002), Love Poems from God, Penguin, {{ISBN|978-0142196120}}, pages 331-352</ref>

Chandrakant Kaluram Mhatre has translated selected poems of Tukaram, published as ''[[One Hundred Poems of Tukaram]]''.<ref>Chandrakant Kaluram Mhatre, One Hundred Poems of Tukaram, Createspace, {{ISBN|978-1512071252}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Tukaram Maharaj Palkhi.jpg|thumb|Varkaris [[Pandharpur Wari|annually journey]] to [[Vithoba Temple|Vithoba's central temple]] in [[Pandharpur]] with ''Palkhi'' procession holding the symbolic [[paduka]] (footprints) of Tukaram]]

===Maharashtra society===
Tukaram's abhangs are very popular in Maharashtra. It became part of the culture of the state. Varkaris, poets and peoples study his poems. His poems are popular in rural Maharashtra and their popularity is increasing.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nathe|first=Sanjay|title=Kantrati Gramsevak|work=Book|publisher=[[Nathe Publication Limited]]|year=2017|isbn=978-93-85369-97-1|location=Medical square, Hanumangar, [[Nagpur]], PIN- 440024|pages=67–68}}</ref> Tukaram was a devotee of [[Vithoba]] ''(''Vitthala'')'', an [[avatar]] of God [[Vishnu]], synchronous with [[Krishna]] but with regional style and features.<ref name="zelliot" /> Tukaram's literary works, along with those of sants Dnyandev, Namdev and Eknath, states Mohan Lal, are credited to have propelled [[Varkari]] tradition into pan-Indian Bhakti literature.<ref>Mohan Lal (1993), Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot, Sahitya Akademi, South Asia Books, {{ISBN|978-9993154228}}, page 4403</ref>

According to Richard Eaton, from early 14th-century when Maharashtra region came under the rule of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], down to the 17th century, the legacy of Tukaram and his poet-predecessors, "gave voice to a deep-rooted collective identity among Marathi-speakers".<ref>Richard M. Eaton (2005), A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761: Eight Indian Lives, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-0521716277}}, pages 138-141</ref> [[Dilip Chitre]] summarizes the legacy of Tukaram and [[Bhakti movement]] [[Sant (religion)|sants]], during this period of Hindu-Muslim wars, as transforming "language of shared religion, and religion a shared language. It is they who helped to bind the Marathas together against the Mughals on the basis not of any religious ideology but of a territorial cultural identity".<ref>Dilip Chitre (1991), Says Tuka: Selected Poetry of Tukaram, Penguin, {{ISBN|978-0140445978}}, pages xvi-xvii</ref>

===Mahatma Gandhi===
[[Mahatma Gandhi]], in early 20th century, while under arrest in [[Yerwada Central Jail]] by the British colonial government for his non-violent movement, read and translated Tukaram's poetry along with [[Upanishad]]s, [[Bhagavad Gita]] and poems by other Bhakti movement poet-saints.<ref name=mkgandhi>MK Gandhi (1930), Songs from prison: translations of Indian Lyrics made in Jail, (Adapted and formatted by John Hoyland, 1934), New York : Macmillan, {{oclc|219708795}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|
<poem>
Saintliness is not to be purchased in shops,
nor is it to be had for wandering, nor in cupboards, nor in deserts, nor in forests
It is not obtainable for a heap of riches. It is not in the heavens above, nor in the entrails of the earth below.
Tuka says: It is a life's bargain, and if you will not give your life to possess it, better be silent.

The essence of the endless [[Vedas]] is this: Seek the shelter of God and repeat His name with all thy heart.
The result of the cogitations of all the [[Shastras]] is also the same.
Tuka says: The burden of the eighteen [[Puranas]] is also identical.

Merit consists in doing good to others, sin in doing harm to others. There is no other pair comparable to this.
Truth is the only freedom; untruth is bondage, there is no secret like this.
God's name on one's lips is itself salvation, disregarding the name is perdition.
Companionship of the good is the only heaven, indifference is hell.
Tuka says: It is thus clear what is good and what is injurious, let people choose what they will.
</poem>
|Sant Tukaram|Translated by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<ref name=mkgandhi />}}

Sant Tukaram also had a profound influence on [[K. B. Hedgewar]] as the former's quotes often found their way on the latter's letterhead. One such letter dated April 6, 1940 bore the quote "Daya tiche nanwa bhutanche palan, aanik nirdalan kantkache", meaning compassion is not only the welfare of all living beings, but also includes protecting them from harm's way.<ref>{{cite book| author = Sunil Ambekar| title = The RSS: roadmaps for the 21st century| place = New Delhi| publisher = Rupa | year = 2019 | pages = 19| isbn = 9789353336851|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zakKywEACAAJ}}</ref>

===Places associated with Tukaram===
Places associated with Tukaram in Dehu that exist today are:
*Tukaram Maharaj Janm Sthan Temple, Dehu – place where Tukaramji was born, around which a temple was built later
*Sant Tukaram Vaikunthstan Temple, Dehu – from where Tukaramji ascended to [[Vaikunth]]a (Abode of God) in his mortal form{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}; there is a beautiful ghat behind this temple along the [[Indrayani river]]
*Sant Tukaram Maharaj Gatha Mandir, Dehu – modern structure; massive building housing a big statue of Tukaram; In the Gatha temple, about 4,000 abhangs (verses) created by Tukaram maharaj were carved on the walls.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gathamandir.com |title = Gatha Mandir}}</ref>

===Movies and popular culture===
[[File:Sant Tukaram.jpg|thumb|Poster of Sant Tukaram (1936).]]
A number of Indian films have been made about the saint in different languages. These include:
*''Tukaram'' (1921) silent film by Shinde.
*''Sant Tukaram'' (1921) silent film by Kalanidhi Pictures.
*''[[Sant Tukaram (1936 film)|Sant Tukaram]]'' (1936) – this movie on Tukaram was screened open-air for a year, to packed audiences in [[Mumbai]], and numerous rural people would walk very long distances to see it.{{sfn|Chowdhry|2000|p=155}}
*''[[Thukkaram]]'' (1938) in Tamil by B. N. Rao.
*''[[Santha Thukaram]]'' (1963) in Kannada
*''Sant Tukaram'' (1965) in Hindi
*''[[Bhakta Tukaram]]'' (1973) in Telugu
*''[[Tukaram (film)|Tukaram]]'' (2012) in Marathi
*[[Sant Tukaram (2025 film)|''Sant Tukaram'']] (2025) in Hindi
*''Abhanga Tukaram'' (2025) in Marathi

Tukaram's life was the subject of the 68th issue of [[Amar Chitra Katha]], India's largest comic book series.{{sfn|Babb|Wadley|1998|p=131}}

[[Balbharati|Balbharti]] has included a poem of Tukaram in a Marathi school textbook

The government of India had issued a 100 rupee Silver commemorative coin in 2002.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiTy99JkIUU|title=100 rupees coin of 2002 - Sant Tukaram|date=2017-03-02|type=video|publisher=Coins & Currencies|access-date=2021-12-14}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Hinduism}}
* [[Bhakti movement]]
* [[Pandharpur Wari]] – the largest annual pilgrimage in Maharashtra that includes a ceremonial ''[[Palkhi]]'' of Tukaram
* [[Vitthal Temple, Pandharpur]]
* Sant [[Dnyaneshwar]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Works cited===
* {{cite book |last1=Babb |first1=Lawrence A. |last2=Wadley |first2=Susan S. |title=Media and the Transformation of Religion in South Asia |date=31 May 1998 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1453-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgDHFFe7YM8C }}
* {{cite book |last1=Chowdhry |first1=Prem |title=Colonial India and the Making of Empire Cinema: Image, Ideology and Identity |date=2000 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-5792-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UNph7mAT2YC }}
* {{cite book |last1=Chitre |first1=Dilip |title=Says Tuka: Selected Poetry of Tukaram |date=1991 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-044597-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vY1AAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Feldhaus |first1=Anne |title=BahināBāī: Wife and Saint |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |date=1982 |volume=L |issue=4 |pages=591–604 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/l.4.591 |issn=0002-7189}}
* {{cite book |last1=Tulpule |first1=S. G. |last2=Shelke |first2=Christopher |editor-last1=McGregor |editor-first1=R. S. |title=Devotional Literature in South Asia: Current Research, 1985-1988 |date=25 September 1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-41311-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-X5Nv3gkdGoC }}
* {{cite book | last= Ranade| first= Ramchandra D. | year= 1994 | title= Tukaram| publisher= State University of New York Press| location= New York| isbn = 0-7914-2092-2}}

===General references===
* {{cite book | title=Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology |last = Ayyappapanicker|first=K. |author2=Akademi, Sahitya | publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1997|isbn=81-260-0365-0}}
* "Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar Nivadak Lekhsangrah" by T S Shejwalkar (collection- H V Mote, Introduction- G D Khanolkar)

== Further reading ==
* John Hoyland (1932), An Indian Peasant Mystic: Translations from Tukaram, London: Allenson, {{oclc|504680225}}
* Wilbur Deming (1932), Selections from Tukaram, Christian Literature Society, {{oclc|1922126}}
* Prabhakar Machwe (1977), Tukaram's Poems, United Writer, {{oclc|4497514}}
* Dilip Chitre (1970), The Bhakta as a Poet: Six Examples from Tukaram's Poetry, ''Delos: A Journal on and of Translation'', Vol. 4, pages 132-136
* {{cite book|last=Fraser|first=James Nelson |author2=Rev. JF Edwards |title=The Life and Teaching of Tukārām |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023185857#page/n5/mode/2up|year=1922|publisher=The Christian Literature Society for India, Madras}}
* Fraser and Marathe (1915), The Poems of Tukaram, 3 vols, Christian Literature Society {{oclc|504680214}}, Reprinted in 1981 by Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120808515}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Internet Archive author}}
* [https://tukaram.bookstruck.app/ Collected works of Tukaram in Devnagari]
*[https://archive.org/details/sant-tukaram-gatha Sant Tukaram Gatha] at Internet Archive
* [http://tukaram.com/english/artgallery.htm Images, Biography: Tukaram] Ram Bapat (2002), Tukaram Online, 14 Indian and 8 foreign languages
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20597510 What I Want to Say, Tukaram], Mona van Duyn (1965), Poetry, Vol. 107, No. 2, pages 102-104
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40874214 Twenty five poems, Tukaram] Prabhakar Machwe (1968), Mahfil, Vol. 5, No. 1/2, pages 61–69
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40874023 Translations from Tukaram and other saint-poets], Awad Kolatkar (1982), Journal of South Asian Literature, Vol. 17, No. 1, pages 111-114
{{Sant Mat}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1577 births]]
[[Category:1650 deaths]]
[[Category:Warkari]]
[[Category:Sant Mat gurus]]
[[Category:Marathi-language poets]]
[[Category:Sant Mat]]
[[Category:17th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:Scholars from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi Hindu saints]]

Surekha Kudachi

2026-03-15T05:05:47Z

Samyakkpravesh: added first post v1...

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
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| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1974|07|17}}<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Teachers Day: 'त्या नसत्या तर मी अजूनही स्ट्रगल करत राहिले असते', जयश्री गडकरांबद्दल काय म्हणाल्या सुरेखा कुडची? |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/teachers-day-2025-marathi-actress-surekha-kudachi-talks-about-jayshree-gadkar-her-first-guru-in-film-industry/articleshow/123697008.cms |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|dancer}}
| yearsactive = 1995 – present
| spouse = {{marriage|Girish Udale|2000|2013|reason=his death}}
| children = 1
| website =
}}
'''Surekha Kudachi''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actress]] and Lavani dancer who predominantly works in [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] films and television productions.

==Personal life==
Kudachi married to Girish Udale in 2000 but he died in 2013. She has a daughter named Janavi Udale.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 3 contestant Surekha Kudachi: Know everything about this folk artist turned actress |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-3-contestant-surekha-kudachi-know-everything-about-this-folk-artist-turned-actress/articleshow/86345020.cms?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=16981364424371&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-3-contestant-surekha-kudachi-know-everything-about-this-folk-artist-turned-actress/articleshow/86345020.cms |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1995
|''Zakhmi Kunku''
|Durga's sister-in-law
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997
|''Hasari''
|Hasari's sister-in-law
|
|-
|''Sasuchi Maya''
|Durga Deshmukh
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1999
|''Ratra Aarambh''
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
|''[[Aai Thor Tujhe Upkar]]''
|Police's wife
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aai Thor Tujhe Upkaar |url=https://shemaroomarathibana.com/amy_movie/aai-thor-tujhe-upkaar/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2000
|''Tuch Maji Bhagyalaxmi''
|Vaishali
|
|-
|''Aai Shakti Devta''
|Mayavati
|
|-
|''Dhani Kunkuvacha''
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
|''Bhajiwali Sakhu Hawaldar Bhiku''
|Sakhu
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Bhajiwali Sakhu Havaldar Bhiku Full HD Movie Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/bhajiwali-sakhu-havaldar-bhiku/0-0-bhajiwalisakhuhavald |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
|''Ranragini''
|Dancer in song Nazuk Taruni
|Cameo appearance <ref>{{Citation |title=Ranragini - Ashok Shinde - Aishwarya Narkar - Anand Kale - Shemaroo Marathi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygxRtz0V61M |access-date=2023-10-24 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Ata Lagnala Chala''
|Surekha
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2005
|''Chatri Ke Neeche Aaja''
|Ramesh's sister
|
|-
|''Mee Tulas Tujhya Angani''
|Durga
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prime Video: Mee Tulas Tujhya Angani |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Mee-Tulas-Tujhya-Angani/0TIVDP6XMP5ELJ3URXXSQ1C87M |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.primevideo.com |language=hi-in}}</ref>
|-
|''Kalubaichya Navana Changbhala''
|Akke
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=काळूबाईच्या नावानं चांगभलं |url=https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/kalubaichya-navane-changbhala/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=मराठी चित्रपट सूची |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Hirva Shalu''
|Surki
|
|-
|''Jay Adharbhuja Saptashrungi''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2006
|''Pahili Sher Doosri Savvasher Navra Pavsher''
|Kamla
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Pahili Sher Doosri Savaasher Navra Paavsher Full Comedy Marathi Movie {{!}} Ashok Saraf, Surekha Kudchi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Plcw0wld800 |access-date=2023-10-24 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Bhau Maza Pathirakha''
|Gauri's stepmother
|
|-
|''Ata Mi Kashi Diste''
|
|
|-
|''Arre... Devaa!''
|Tukaram's wife
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2007
|''[[Bharat Aala Parat]]''
|Bharat's wife
|
|-
|''Tahaan''
|
|
|-
|''Balirajeche Rajya Yeu De''
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
|''Honar Sun Mi Tya Gharchi''
|Surekha
|
|-
|''Sasuchi Varat Sunechya Darat''
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2008
|''Foreignchi Patlin''
|Godakka Patil
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barve |first=Narayani |date=2010-08-21 |title=बघू हा सिनेमा ?: फॉरेनची पाटलीण (Forenchi Patlin) |url=http://cinema-baghu-ya.blogspot.com/2010/09/forenchi-patlin.html |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=बघू हा सिनेमा ?}}</ref>
|-
|''Supari''
|Tai
|
|-
|''Aara Aara Aaba Aata Tari Thamba''
|Zanabai
|
|-
|''Tandala''
|Laxmi
|
|-
|2009
|''Adi Maya Adi Shakti''
|Surekha
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2010
|''Khurchi Samrat''
|Lavani Dancer
|Special appearance
|-
|''Chandrakala''
|Chandrakala's mother-in-law
|
|-
|''[[Aaghaat]]''
|Maya
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Aaghaat' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/vikram-gokhale-marathi-movies-of-the-actor-you-shouldnt-miss/aaghaat/photostory/64175906.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''Agnipariksha''
|Bharati's sister-in-law
|
|-
|''Bayko Zali Gayab''
|Lavani Dancer
|Special appearance
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''Superstar''
|Ranga's mother
|
|-
|''Aajoba Vayat Aale''
|Professor Dekhne
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|''Matter''
|Pakya's mother
|
|-
|''[[Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika]]''
|Vishwasrao's mother
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika (2012) |url=https://indiancine.ma/CUXI |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''Ya Topikhali Dadlay Kay?''
|Sarpanch Vishwasrao's wife
|
|-
|2014
|''Khel Premacha''
|Pooja's mother
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''Premay Namah''
|Prem's mother
|
|-
|''Ek Maratha Lakh Maratha''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018
|''Atrocity''
|Rishabh's mother
|
|-
|''World Power 2035''
| rowspan="2" |Sarpanch
|
|-
|''Mahasatta 2035''
|
|-
|''Gotya''
|Gotya's mother
|
|-
|2019
|''Tuza Durava''
|Rutuja's mother
|
|-
|2020
|''Khel Ayushyacha''
|
|
|-
|2022
|''Bhraman Dhwani''
|
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Dil Dosti Deewangi]]''
|Catholic Miss Mary
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borade |first=Aarti Vilas |title=Bigg Boss Marathi:'बिग बॉस मराठी'मधील स्पर्धकांचा येणार चित्रपट, 'या' दिवशी होणार प्रदर्शित |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-marathi-contestant-upcoming-movie-dil-dosti-deewang-veena-jagtap-smita-gondkar-141693711113188.html |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''Man Yedyagat Zala''
|Pooja's mother
|
|-
|''Lek Asavi Tar Ashi''
|Mami
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Lek Asavi Tar Ashi Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} लेक असावी तर अशी {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/lek-asavi-tar-ashi-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=4 April 2024 |date=30 March 2024}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|1998
|''Tisara Dola''
|Amarnath's sister
|
|-
|2004-2005
|''Hasnyavari Gheu Naka''
|Episodic role
|
|-
|2009-2011
|''Bhagyalakshmi''
|Kamini Mohite
|
|-
|2011
|''Mangalsutra''
|Surekha Aatya
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Devyani (TV series)|Devyani]]''
|Chandrika Vikhe-Patil
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-25 |title=TV viewers give Marathi TV serials inspired by Hindi soaps a thumbs up |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/manasi-cha-chitrakaar-toh-savar-re-asava-sundar-swapnancha-bangla-devyani-pudhcha-paaul-diya-aur-baati-hum-na-bole-tum-na-maine-kuch-kaha-mann-kee-awaaz-pratigya-saath-nibhana-saathiya/articleshow/26423510.cms |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2012-2013
|''[[Mala Sasu Havi]]''
|Abhilasha's mother
|
|-
|2013-2014
|''[[Fu Bai Fu]]''
|Contestant
|
|-
|2014-2016
|''Runji''
|Meenakshi
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Chahool]]''
|Ghost
|
|-
|2017-2019
|''[[Nakalat Saare Ghadle]]''
|Pratap's mother
|
|-
|2019-2020
|''Navri Mile Navryala''
|Rukmini
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Navri Mile Navryala': A Comedy Family Drama Starring Surekha Kudachi In Lead Role Coming Soon On Sony Marathi |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/-navri-mile-navryala-a-comedy-family-drama-starring-surekha-kudachi-in-lead-role-coming-soon-on-sony-marathi/5d65703f09da697670cc8d55 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.spotboye.com}}</ref>
|-
|2020-2021
|''[[Chandra Aahe Sakshila]]''
|Meena Atya
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chandra Aahe Sakshila goes off-air; Rutuja Bagwe leaves a sweet thanks note to cast and crew |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chandra-aahe-sakshila-goes-off-air-rutuja-bagwe-leaves-a-sweet-thanks-note-to-cast-and-crew/articleshow/82158932.cms |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Swabhiman – Shodh Astitvacha]]''
|Suparna Suryavanshi
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-05 |title=New Marathi TV show 'Swabhimaan Shodh Astitvacha' to launch soon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/new-marathi-tv-show-swabhimaan-shodh-astitvacha-to-launch-soon/articleshow/80709025.cms |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss Marathi (season 3)|Bigg Boss Marathi 3]]''
|Contestant
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 3: Actor Surekha Kudachi Becomes 2nd Contestant To Be Evicted |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-marathi-3-actor-surekha-kudachi-becomes-2nd-contestant-to-be-evicted-4335542.html |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=News18}}</ref>
|-
|2021-2022
|''[[Tujhya Rupacha Chandana]]''
|Aaisaheb
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Surekha Kudachi to feature in 'Tujhya Rupacha Chandana' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/surekha-kudachi-to-feature-in-tujhya-rupacha-chandana/articleshow/88728733.cms |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[RaanBaazaar]]''
|Akka
|
|-
|''Ashirwad Tuza Ekvira Aai''
|Tanya's mother
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-20 |title='आशीर्वाद तुझा एकवीरा आई' मालिकेनं प्रेक्षकांचा घेतला निरोप; नेटकरी म्हणाले, "फार दुःख..." |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/sony-marathi-ashirwad-tuza-ekvira-aai-serial-off-air-pps-98-3863096/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2022-2023
|''Shetkarich Navra Hava''
|Suryakanta
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Balumamachya Navan Changbhala]]''
|Akka
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Pinkicha Vijay Aso!]]''
|Surekha
|
|}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
|-
|2008
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|''Aara Aara Aaba Aata Tari Thamba''
|-
|2010
|[[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]
|Best Negative Role – Female
|''[[Bhagyalakshmi (Marathi TV series)|Bhagyalakshmi]]''
|-
|2013
|[[Maharashtra Times|MaTa Sanman]]
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role
|''[[Devyani (TV series)|Devyani]]''
|-
|2023
|Colors Marathi Awards
|Best Negative Role – Female
|''Shetkarich Navra Hava''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colors Marathi Awards 2023 winners list |url=https://www.esakal.com/ampstories/web-story/colors-marathi-award-2023-winner-list-marathi-serial-update-nsa95?botrequest=true}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2588782}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kudachi, Surekha}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

List of leaders of the opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Council

2026-03-11T04:38:52Z

Samyakkpravesh:

{{short description|Head of Opposition in upper house}}
{{For|Legislative Assembly|List of leaders of the opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox political post
| post = Leader of the Opposition
| insignia = File:Seal of Karnataka.svg
| insigniasize = 180px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Karnataka]]
| image =
| imagesize = 200px
| incumbent = [[Chalavadi Narayanaswamy]]
| incumbentsince = 4 June 2024
| appointer = [[List of chairpersons of the Karnataka Legislative Council|Chairperson of Karnataka Legislative Council]]
| appointer_qualified =
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| status = [[Leader of Opposition]]
| member_of = [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]
| termlength = During the life of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]] (5 years)
| inaugural = G. V. Anjanappa
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1969|01|28}}
| salary =
| website = https://kla.kar.nic.in/council/council.htm Karnataka Legislative Council
| body = the Karnataka Legislative Council
| native_name = Karnāṭaka Vidhāna Pariṣattinalli Virōdha Pakṣada Nāyaka
| department = [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]
| nominator = Members of the Official Opposition in the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]
}}
The '''leader of the opposition in the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]''' is an elected Member of Karnataka Legislative Council who leads the official opposition in the upper house of the [[Karnataka Legislature]]. The leader of the opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Council is the Legislature chairperson of the party with the most seats after the government party.

== Leaders of opposition ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kla.kar.nic.in/council/lcpo/Formerlop.htm|title = Leader of Opposition}}</ref>
!Portrait
!Name
!Constituency
! colspan="3" |Tenure
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|- style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="9" |Mysore
|-
|1
|
|[[G. V. Anjanappa]]
|Bangalore Graduate
|28 January 1969
|11 June 1970
|{{Ayd|28 January 1969|11 June 1970}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Praja Socialist Party]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}" |
|-
|2
|
|[[A. H. Shivananda Swamy]]
|elected by MLAs
|25 September 1970
|14 March 1971
|{{Ayd|25 September 1970|14 March 1971}}
|-
|3
|
|[[Balakrishna Gowda]]
|elected by MLAs
|15 March 1971
|15 August 1972
|{{Ayd|15 March 1971|15 August 1972}}
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" |
|-
|4
|
|[[Ramakrishna Hegde]]
|elected by MLAs
|16 August 1972
|31 October 1973
|{{Ayd|16 August 1972|31 October 1973}}
| rowspan="1" |[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Indian National Congress (O)]]
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}" |
|-
! colspan="9" |Karanataka
|-
|(4)
|
|Ramakrishna Hegde
|elected by MLAs
|1 November 1973
|1 February 1976
|{{Ayd|1 November 1973|1 February 1976}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Indian National Congress (O)]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}" |
|-
|5
|[[File:Somappa Rayappa Bommai 132.jpg|102x102px]]
|[[S. R. Bommai]]
|Dharwad Local Authorities
|3 February 1976
|17 March 1978
|{{Ayd|2 February 1976|17 March 1978}}
|-
|6
|[[File:A.K.Subbaiah in Coffee Plantations - His true love!.jpg|75x75px]]
|[[A.K.Subbaiah]]
|
|18 March 1978
|23 January 1980
|{{Ayd|18 March 1978|23 January 1980}}
|[[Janata Party]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|-
| rowspan="2" |7
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[D. B. Chandregowda]]
| rowspan="2" |elected by MLAs
|24 January 1980
|24 June 1981
| rowspan="2" |{{Ayd|24 January 1980|16 July 1981}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}" |
|-
|27 June 1981
|16 July 1981
|-
| rowspan="2" |8
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[M. C. Perumal]]
| rowspan="2" |elected by MLAs
|15 February 1982
|29 July 1982
| rowspan="2" |{{Ayd|15 February 1982|11 January 1983}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Congress (Socialist)|Indian Congress (S)]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}" |
|-
|30 July 1982
|11 January 1983
|-
| rowspan="2" |9
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[T. N. Narasimha Murthy]]
| rowspan="2" |elected by MLAs
|30 June 1983
|28 July 1986
| rowspan="2" |{{Ayd|30 June 1983|20 June 1989}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress (Indira)|Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}" |
|-
|29 July 1986
|20 June 1989
|-
| rowspan="2" |10
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[M.C. Nanaiah]]
| rowspan="2" |elected by MLAs
|18 December 1989
|13 May 1992
| rowspan="2" |{{Ayd|18 December 1989|10 December 1994}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|-
|14 May 1992
|10 December 1994
|-
| rowspan="2" |11
| rowspan="2" |[[File:H K Patil.jpg|81x81px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[H. K. Patil]]
| rowspan="2" |West Graduates
|27 December 1994
|30 June 1996
| rowspan="2" |{{Ayd|27 December 1994|16 October 1999}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|1 July 1996
|16 October 1999
|-
|12
|
|[[K. H. Srinivas]]
|Nominated
|29 October 1999
|8 July 2002
|{{Ayd|29 October 1999|8 July 2002}}
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}" |
|-
| rowspan="2" |13
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[D. H. Shankaramurthy]]
| rowspan="2" |South West Graduates
|8 July 2002
|16 June 2004
| rowspan="2" |{{Ayd|8 July 2002|23 November 2005}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|16 June 2004
|23 November 2005
|-
|(11)
|[[File:H K Patil.jpg|81x81px]]
|[[H. K. Patil]]
|West Graduates
|24 February 2006
|17 January 2008
|{{Ayd|24 February 2006|17 January 2008}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|14
|
|[[V. S. Ugrappa]]
|Tumakuru Local Authorities
|8 April 2008
|1 May 2010
|{{Ayd|8 April 2008|1 May 2010}}
|-
|15
|[[File:Motamma.png|90x90px]]
|[[Motamma]]
|elected by MLAs
|1 September 2010
|17 June 2012
|{{Ayd|1 September 2010|17 June 2012}}
|-
|16
|
|[[S. R. Patil]]
|Vijayapura Local Authorities
|28 June 2012
|13 May 2013
|{{Ayd|28 June 2012|13 May 2013}}
|-
|17
|[[File:Sadananda_Gowda.jpg|106x106px]]
|[[Sadananda Gowda]]
|elected by MLAs
|17 May 2013
|24 May 2014
|{{Ayd|17 May 2013|24 May 2014}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|18
|[[File:Mode-of-karnataka-assembly-elections-2013_136144047626.jpg|75x75px]]
|[[K. S. Eshwarappa]]
|elected by MLAs
|13 July 2014
|17 May 2018
|{{Ayd|13 July 2014|17 May 2018}}
|-
|19
|
|[[Kota Srinivas Poojary]]
|Dakshina Kannada Local Authorities
|2 July 2018
|26 July 2019
|{{Ayd|2 July 2018|26 July 2019}}
|-
|(16)
|
|[[S. R. Patil]]
|Vijayapura Local Authorities
|10 October 2019
|5 January 2022
|{{Ayd|10 October 2019|5 January 2022}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|20
|
|[[B. K. Hariprasad]]
|elected by MLAs
|26 January 2022
|20 May 2023
| {{Ayd|26 January 2022|20 May 2023}}
|-
|21
|
|[[Chaluvadi Narayanaswamy]]
|elected by MLAs
|29 June 2024
|incumbent
|{{Ayd|29 June 2024}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|}

== References ==
<references />
{{Current Indian opposition leaders}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Karnataka| ]]
[[Category:Lists of leaders of the opposition of Indian states and territories|Karnataka ]]
[[Category:Karnataka politics-related lists]]
[[Category:Karnataka Legislative Council]]

Rajasekhar (actor)

2026-03-09T18:16:22Z

Samyakkpravesh:

{{Short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajasekhar
| image = Rajashekhar on October 26, 2015 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Rajashekhar in 2015
| birth_name = Rajashekhar Varadharajan
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1962|2|4}}
| birth_place = [[Lakshmipuram, Theni|Lakshmipuram]], [[Madras State]], India
| death_date =
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 1985-present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jeevitha]]|1991}}
| children = 2
| relations = [[Selva (actor)|Selva]] (brother)
}}

{{Indian name|Rajasekhar|Varadharajan}}'''Rajasekhar Varadharajan''' (born 4 February 1962), known professionally as '''Rajasekhar''', is an Indian actor known for his works primarily in [[Telugu cinema]]. In a career spanning more than 38 years, he has acted in over 80 Telugu films in a variety of roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Turmoil-in-T-town/articleshow/7099300.cms|title=Turmoil in T-town|website=The Times of India|last1=Bhat |first1=Prashanth }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/121120/entertainment-tollywood/article/rajasekhar-finds-policemans-role-irresistible|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030852/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/121120/entertainment-tollywood/article/rajasekhar-finds-policemans-role-irresistible|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2013|title=Rajasekhar finds policeman's role irresistible}}</ref> He starred in several notable films, including ''[[Talambralu (film)|Talambralu]]'', ''[[Sruthilayalu]]'', ''[[Aahuthi|Aahuti]]'', ''[[Ankusam]]'', ''[[Magaadu (1990 film)|Magaadu]]'', ''[[Allari Priyudu]]'', ''[[Anna (1994 film)|Anna]]'', ''[[Omkaram]]'', ''[[Suryudu]]'', ''[[Sivayya]]'', ''[[Manasunna Maaraju]]'', ''[[Maa Annayya]]'', ''[[Simharasi]]'', ''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]'', ''[[Gorintaku (2008 film)|Gorintaku]]'', and ''[[PSV Garuda Vega]]''. Rajasekhar won two [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Telugu|Filmfare Best Actor Awards - Telugu]] for ''Magaadu'' and ''Anna''.

The Nature Waldorf School is owned by Rajasekhar and [[Jeevitha]], to whom he is married. The school is affiliated to Dr. Rajasekhar Charitable Trust and started its operations in July 2010. The mission of the school is to impart non-commercialised education to students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apcollegeadmissions.com/2011/02/nature-waldorf-school-hyderabad.html|title=Nature Waldorf School Hyderabad Admissions 2011-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teluguvaaditv.com/2026/01/rajasekhar-gotilla-factory-real-or-fake.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115114749/https://www.teluguvaaditv.com/2026/01/rajasekhar-gotilla-factory-real-or-fake.html|url-status=live|archive-date=15 January 2026|title=Rajashekhar “Gotilla Factory” Viral Jobs: Real or Fake? Full Fact Check on Social Media Claims|website=Telugu Vaadi TV}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Rajasekhar was born on 4 February 1962 in [[Lakshmipuram, Theni|Lakshmipuram]], [[Theni district]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-04 |title=Happy Birthday Rajasekhar: Some Lesser-Known Facts About Angry Young Man |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-rajasekhar-some-lesser-known-facts-about-angry-young-man-4733867.html |access-date= |website=News18}}</ref> Although his mother tongue is [[Tamil language|Tamil]], he identifies himself as [[Telugu people|Telugu]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2eDsoOGzl4 |title=Actors Rajasekhar And Jeevitha {{!}} Open Heart With RK {{!}} Full Episode {{!}} ABN Telugu |date=2019-06-10 |last=ABN Telugu |access-date=2025-06-11 |via=YouTube}}</ref> His father, Varadharajan Gopal, originally from Chittoor district, worked as a [[Sub-inspector|Sub-Inspector of Police]] in Guntur district, where his mother, Andalu, also hails from. According to Rajasekhar, the family migrated to Tamil Nadu and later returned to [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name="hin">{{Cite news |date=5 February 2008 |title=Actor Rajasekhar to join politics |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Actor-Rajasekhar-to-join-politics/article15158455.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajasekhar's father Varadarajan Gopalu passes away! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sad-news-in-telugu-actor-rajasekhars-house/articleshow/87537077.cms |access-date=2022-02-04 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> His brother, [[Selva (actor)|Selva]], has acted in Tamil films as a lead actor. Before entering the film industry, Rajasekhar studied medicine ([[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|M.B.B.S.]]) and practiced in Aminjikarai, Chennai while also studying acting course at Adyar film institute to pursue his acting dreams.<ref name=screen>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/jun19/south1.htm|title=The Healing Touch|website=Express India|access-date=31 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991023003305/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/jun19/south1.htm|archive-date=23 October 1999}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Rajasekhar is a practicing [[Shaivism|Saiva]] [[Hindu]], after undergoing a transformative personal experience during his formative years.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/fervour-gaiety-mark-sivaratri-celebrations/article17365619.ece/ Account of Personal Life] - Religious Views Source</ref>

==Personal life==
He married erstwhile actress [[Jeevitha]] and has two daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Bholakpur-cholera-claims-1-more/article16595707.ece|title=Bholakpur: cholera claims 1 more|date=13 May 2009|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Their younger daughter [[Shivathmika Rajashekar|Shivathmika]] debuted with ''[[Dorasaani]]'', in 2019 while their elder daughter [[Shivani Rajashekar|Shivani]] debuted with ''[[Adbhutham]]'', in 2021.

Recently, Jeevitha was named as one of the nine members of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), with [[Pahlaj Nihalani]] as chairman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/actordirector-jeevitha-inducted-into-censor-board/article6804049.ece|title=Actor-director Jeevitha inducted into Censor Board|date=20 January 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Career==
Rajashekhar made his acting debut in Tamil with ''[[Pudhumai Penn (1984 film)|Pudhumai Penn]]'' (1984) and also had a character role in ''[[Puthiya Theerpu]]'' (1985) with [[Vijayakanth]]. His Telugu film debut was in 1985 with ''[[Vande Mataram (1985 film)|Vande Mataram]]''. Since then, he has acted in variety of films such as ''[[Pratighatana]]'', ''Repati Pourulu'', ''Station Master'', ''[[Sruthilayalu]]'', ''Kashmora'', ''Aradhana'', ''Talambralu'', ''Aruna Kiranam'', ''Mamatala Kovela'' and ''Akka Mogudu''.

Movies from which he rose to fame and created an image of an angry young man in Telugu cinema are ''[[Aahuthi]]'', ''Aartanaadam'' ''Nyayam Kosam'', ''[[Ankusam]]'', ''[[Magaadu (1990 film)|Magaadu]]'', ''Rowdyism Nasinchali'', ''Papa Kosam'', ''Moratodu Naa Mogudu'', ''[[Anna (1994 film)|Anna]]'', ''[[Balarama Krishnulu]]'', ''Agraham'', ''Sivayya,'' and ''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]''.

He has acted in more than 75 movies though he is mocked for his diction. His voice for most of his Telugu movies was dubbed by Telugu actor [[Saikumar Pudipeddi|Saikumar]] till 1996 and then was taken over by Srinivasa Moorthy who started dubbing for him in 1997, when he won his first Nandi award for the movie Sivayya. Except for the 2003 film ''Villain'', where Sai's younger brother [[P. Ravi Shankar]] dubbed for both Rajasekhar and [[Vijayan (stunt coordinator)|Vijayan]], respectively.

Later, he also gained fame for his family drama films such as ''Maa Aayana Bangaram'', ''[[Suryudu]]'', ''[[Simharasi]]'', ''[[Maa Annayya]]'', ''[[Deergha Sumangali Bhava]]'', ''[[Manasunna Maaraju]]'' and [[Gorintaku (2008 film)|''Gorintaku'']]. He was also applauded for his performance in the romance film [[Allari Priyudu]].

He is considered a versatile actor.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://starzsecrets.blogspot.com/2013/08/star-portrait-drrajasekhar.html|title=StarzSecrets: Star Portrait-Dr.Rajasekhar|date=15 August 2013}}</ref> His performance in ''Omkaram'' is a classic example of that, which was directed by Kannada director Upendra. His electrifying performance in the movie ''Sheshu'' was applauded critically. His biggest hit of the career came in the year 2007 with ''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]'' and his last genuine hit as a lead actor was ''[[Gorintaku (2008 film)|Gorintaku]]'' in the year 2008 until he again tasted success with ''[[PSV Garuda Vega]]'' in 2017.

''[[Ankusam|Ithu Thaanda Police]]'', the Tamil dub of ''Ankusam'' was a hit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/itsybitsy/article2096211.ece|title=Repeat success?|work=The Hindu|date=11 June 2011|last=Raghavan|first=Nikhil}}</ref> His Telugu films were dubbed in Tamil such as ''Magaadu'' as ''Meesaikaran''.

==Filmography==

*''All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''

{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1984
| ''[[Pudhumai Penn (1984 film)|Pudhumai Penn]]'' || Rajasekhar || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
|-
| rowspan="3" |1985
| ''[[Puthiya Theerpu]]'' || Bhaskar || Tamil film
|-
| ''[[Pratighatana]]'' || Prakash ||
|-
| ''[[Vande Mataram (1985 film)|Vande Mataram]]'' ||Satyam ||
|-
| rowspan="8" |1986
| ''Ee Prasnaku Baduledi'' || ||
|-
| ''Dora Bidda'' || ||
|-
| ''Challani Ramayya Chakkani Sitamma'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Talambralu (film)|Talambralu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Repati Pourulu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Aruna Kiranam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kashmora (1986 film)|Kashmora]]'' || Darkha||
|-
| ''Mr. Bharath''|| Prakash||
|-
| rowspan="7" |1987
| ''[[America Abbayi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Prajaswamyam'' || Ashok||
|-
| ''[[Aahuthi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Yuga Kartalu'' || Raju || <ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1987/Sep/25-sep-1987.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913153926/http://zaminryot.com/pdf/1987/Sep/25-sep-1987.pdf | archive-date=2016-09-13}}</ref>
|-
| ''Idaa Prapancham'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sruthilayalu]]'' || Narayana Murthy||
|-
| ''[[Aradhana (1987 film)|Aradhana]]'' || Lawrence||
|-
| rowspan="8" |1988
| ''Nyayam Kosam'' || ||
|-
| ''Nava Bharatam'' || ||
|-
| ''Annapurnamma Gaari Alludu'' || ||
|-
| ''Neeku Naaku Pellanta'' || ||
|-
| ''Mr. Hero'' || ||
|-
| ''Indra Dhanassu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Station Master (1988 film)|Station Master]]'' ||Rama Rao ||
|-
| ''[[Bava Marudula Saval]]'' || Inspector Jai Kumar ||
|-
| rowspan="9" |1989
| ''Aarta Nadam'' || ||
|-
| ''Mamatala Kovela'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ankusam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Prajaa Teerpu'' || ||
|-
| ''Chennapatnam Chinnollu'' || ||
|-
| ''Yamapasam'' || ||
|-
| ''Dharma Yuddham'' || ||
|-
| ''Manchivaaru Maavaaru'' || ||
|-
| ''Vinta Dongalu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |1990
| ''Rowdyism Nasinchali'' || ||
|-
| ''Silasasanam'' || ||
|-
| ''Papa Kosam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Magaadu (1990 film)|Magaadu]]'' || ||
|-
|1991
|[[Aagraham (1991 film)|''Aagraham'']]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1992
| ''Moratodu Naa Mogudu'' || ||
|-
| ''Akka Mogudu'' || ||
|-
| ''Ahankari'' || || <ref>{{Cite web| title=Providing educational opportunities to sex workers | url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1992/Jun/12-jun-1992.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913105103/http://zaminryot.com/pdf/1992/Jun/12-jun-1992.pdf | archive-date=2016-09-13}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Balarama Krishnulu]]'' ||Krishna Murthy ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
| ''Amma Koduku''|| ||
|-
| ''[[Allari Priyudu]]'' ||Raja ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |1994
| ''[[Gangmaster (film)|Gangmaster]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| ''Anga Rakshakudu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aavesam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anna (1994 film)|Anna]]'' || Komaranna ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1995
| ''[[Raja Simham]]'' || Major Raj Kumar / Chinna Raja and Shrimannarayana||
|-
| ''[[Ghatotkachudu]]'' || [[Karna]] || Cameo appearance
|-
|1996
| ''Vetagadu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1997
| ''Ratha Yatra'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Omkaram]]'' || Satya||
|-
| ''Maa Aayana Bangaram'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1998
| ''[[Suryudu]]'' || Suryam||
|-
| ''[[Deergha Sumangali Bhava]]'' || Rama Rao ||
|-
| ''[[Sivayya]]'' || Sivayya||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999
| ''Neti Gandhi'' || ||
|-
| ''Bobbili Vamsam'' || Raghava Rayudu ||
|-
| ''[[Mechanic Mavayya]]'' || Raju/Siva ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2000 || ''[[Ravanna (film)|Ravanna]]'' || Ravanna ||
|-
| [[Okkadu Chalu|''Okkadu Chaalu'']]|| Surya ||
|-
| ''[[Manasunna Maaraju]]'' || Dorababu ||
|-
| ''[[Maa Annayya]]'' ||Madhu and Gopalam ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
| ''[[Simharasi]]'' || Narasimharaju ||
|-
| ''Subhakaryam '' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
| ''[[Seshu]]'' || Seshu ||
|-
| ''[[Bharatasimha Reddy]]'' || Raja / Devudayya ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
| ''[[Aayudham (2003 film)|Aayudham]]'' || Siddartha ||
|-
| ''[[Villain (2003 film)|Villain]]'' || Siva and Vishnu ||
|-
|2004
| ''[[Aaptudu]]'' || Bose ||
|-
|2005
| ''[[Nayakudu (film)|Nayakudu]]'' || Raju ||
|-
|2006
|''[[Rajababu (2006 film)|Rajababu]]'' || Rajababu ||
|-
|2007
| ''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]'' ||Major Surya ||
|-
|2008
| ''[[Gorintaku (2008 film)|Gorintaku]]'' || Ashok and Sarvarayudu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
| ''[[Satyameva Jayate (2009 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]'' ||DCP Sathya || Also writer
|-
| ''[[Naa Style Veru]]'' || Sivaram ||
|-
|2010
| ''[[Maa Annayya Bangaram]]'' || Sivaji ||
|-
|2013
| ''[[Mahankali (film)|Mahankali]]'' || ACP Mahankali ||
|-
|2015
| ''[[Gaddam Gang]]'' || Daasu ||
|-
|2017
| ''[[PSV Garuda Vega]]'' || Pullela Chandrashekhar ||
|-
|2019
| ''[[Kalki (2019 Telugu film)|Kalki]]'' || Kalki IPS ||
|-
|2020
|''Arjuna'' || ||
|-
|2021
|''[[Deyyam (2021 film)|Deyyam]]'' || Shankar ||
|-
|2022
|''[[Shekhar (film)|Shekhar]]'' || Sekhar || <ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Rajasekhar And Daughter Shivani To Act Together in Upcoming Telugu Film Sekhar |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/dr-rajasekhar-and-daughter-shivani-to-act-together-in-upcoming-telugu-film-sekhar-4652861.html |website=News18 |date=13 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Extra Ordinary Man]]''
| [[Inspector-general of police|IG]] Vijay Chakravarthy
|
|-
|2026
|{{pending film|Biker}}
|TBA
|
|}

==Awards==
* [[Nandi Award for Best Villain]] - ''Talambralu'' (1986)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Telugu]] - ''[[Magaadu (1990 film)|Magaadu]]'' (1990)<ref>[[38th filmfare awards south | Refer Filmfare Magazine August 1991]] Madras Awards:Winners</ref>
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Telugu]] - ''[[Anna (1994 film)|Anna]]'' (1994)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/42nd-annual-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-malayalam-winners | title=42nd Annual Filmfare Awards South Telugu & Malayalam Winners | date=5 August 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://archive.org/download/42ndannualFilmfareTeluguWinnersbestactorbestactress/42nd_filmfare_telugu_winners%5B1%5D.jpg | title=Manikchand Congratulates | format=JPG}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0707362|name=Rajasekhar}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajasekhar}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:People from Theni district]]
[[Category:Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]

Dimple Kapadia

2026-03-06T06:36:36Z

Samyakkpravesh: cleanup layout per standard format and corrected details as per guidelines

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1957)}}
{{featured article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| image = DimpleKapadiaPichvai (cropped).png
| caption = Kapadia in 2018
| alt = Dimple Kapadia is looking directly into the camera
| name = Dimple Kapadia
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |df=y|1957|06|08}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], India
| yearsactive = 1973; 1984–present
| spouse = [[Rajesh Khanna]] ({{abbr|m.|married}} 1973; {{abbr|sep.|separated}} 1982; {{abbr|d.|died}} 2012)
| occupation = Actress
| works = [[Dimple Kapadia filmography|Full list]]
| children = {{ubl
|[[Twinkle Khanna]]
|[[Rinke Khanna]]
}}
| relatives = [[List of Hindi film families#Khanna-Kapadia-Bhatia family|Khanna family]]
}}

'''Dimple Kapadia''' (born 8 June 1957) is an Indian actress predominantly appearing in [[Hindi films]]. Born and raised in [[Mumbai]] by wealthy parents, she aspired to become an actress from a young age and received her first opportunity through her father's efforts to launch her in the film industry. She was discovered at age 14 by the filmmaker [[Raj Kapoor]], who cast her in the title role of his teen romance ''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]'' (1973), which opened to major commercial success and gained her wide public recognition. Shortly before the film's release in 1973, she married the actor [[Rajesh Khanna]] and quit acting. Their daughters, [[Twinkle Khanna|Twinkle]] and [[Rinke Khanna]], both briefly worked as actresses in their youth. Kapadia returned to films in 1984, two years after her separation from Khanna. Her comeback film ''[[Saagar (film)|Saagar]]'', which was released a year later, revived her career. Both ''Bobby'' and ''Saagar'' won her [[Filmfare Awards]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]. Through her work over the next decade, she established herself as one of Hindi cinema's leading actresses.{{sfn|Bumiller|1991|p=[https://archive.org/details/mayyoubemotherof00bumi/page/n205/mode/2up 185]}}

While her initial roles often relied on her perceived beauty and sex appeal, Kapadia was keen to challenge herself and expand her range. She was among the first actresses who starred in women-centred Hindi action films but found greater favour with critics when she took on more dramatic roles in both mainstream and neorealist [[parallel cinema]]. Appearing in films ranging from marital dramas to literary adaptations, she played troubled women sometimes deemed reflective of her personal experience, and received acclaim for her performances in ''[[Kaash]]'' (1987), ''[[Drishti (film)|Drishti]]'' (1990), ''[[Lekin...]]'' (1991), and ''[[Rudaali]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news|quote=with movies like ''Kaash'', ''Drishti'', ''Lekin'', ''Rudaali'' and ''Leela'', she (Dimple) showed that off-beat films too are her forte.|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|author=Miglani, Surendra|date=5 October 2003|access-date=19 September 2011|title=Parallel cinema|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031005/spectrum/feedback.htm|agency=Spectrum|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627061930/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031005/spectrum/feedback.htm|archive-date=27 June 2011}}</ref> For her role as a [[Professional mourning|professional mourner]] in ''Rudaali'', she won the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] and a [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Filmfare Critics Award]]. She also had supporting roles in the crime dramas ''[[Prahaar: The Final Attack|Prahaar]]'' (1991), ''[[Angaar (1992 film)|Angaar]]'' (1992), ''[[Gardish]]'' (1993) and ''[[Krantiveer]]'' (1994), the latter securing her another Filmfare Award.

Starting in the mid 1990s, Kapadia became more selective about her work, and her screen appearances in the following decades were fewer. She was noted for her portrayal of middle-aged, complicated women courted by younger men in ''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]'' (2001) and the American production ''[[Leela (2002 film)|Leela]]'' (2002). Her later credits include leading roles in ''[[Hum Kaun Hai?]]'' (2004), ''[[Pyaar Mein Twist]]'' (2005), ''[[Phir Kabhi]]'' (2008), ''[[Tum Milo Toh Sahi]]'' (2010) and ''[[What the Fish]]'' (2013), but she attained more success with character roles in ''[[Being Cyrus]]'' (2006), ''[[Luck by Chance]]'' (2009), ''[[Dabangg]]'' (2010), ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]'' (2012) and ''[[Finding Fanny]]'' (2014). Some of these roles were cited in the media as a departure from the regular portrayals of women of her age in Hindi films. Roles in the Hollywood thriller ''[[Tenet]]'' (2020), action film ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023), as well as the streaming series ''[[Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo]]'' (2023), brought her further recognition.

==Background and personal life==
[[File:Akshay Kumar with family.jpg|thumb|right|Kapadia (right) with her daughter [[Twinkle Khanna]] and her son-in-law [[Akshay Kumar]]|alt=Kapadia and her daughter and son-in-law looking at the camera]]

Dimple Kapadia was born on 8 June 1957 in [[Bombay]] to [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] businessman Chunibhai Kapadia and his wife Bitti, who was known as "Betty".{{sfn|Reuben |1995|p=198; 202}}<ref>{{cite news |author1=ET Online |title=Dimple Kapadia's mother Betty passes away at 80 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/dimple-kapadias-mother-betty-passes-away-at-80/articleshow/72315498.cms |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=1 December 2019 |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115084443/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/dimple-kapadias-mother-betty-passes-away-at-80/articleshow/72315498.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=S. Pradhan |first1=Bharati |title=The end of the sister act |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/the-end-of-the-sister-act/cid/572296 |access-date=23 May 2020 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=22 November 2009 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620112136/https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/the-end-of-the-sister-act/cid/572296 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chunibhai was from a wealthy [[Khoja|Ismaili Khoja]] family, whose members had "embraced [[Hinduism]]" while still regarding [[Aga Khan]] as their religious mentor.{{efn|This was originally reported by Sumit Mitra in ''[[India Today]]'' on 20 November 1985, describing Kapadia's family as a "wealthy Khoja family, which embraced Hinduism only with Chunibhai's father, Laljibhai, and which accepts the Agha Khan as its religious mentor even now".<ref name="IT85">{{cite magazine|location=Bangalore|author=Mitra, Sumit|magazine=[[India Today]]|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19851130-from-bobby-to-saagar-dimple-kapadia-has-come-along-way-802215-2014-01-19|volume=10|issue=17–24|date=30 November 1985|page=74|publisher=[[Living Media]]|title=Dimple Kapadia: The second coming|access-date=25 December 2016|archive-date=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226055630/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/from-bobby-to-saagar-dimple-kapadia-has-come-along-way/1/354728.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Similar information was repeated by [[Kaveree Bamzai]] in ''[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open]]'' magazine on 4 October 2019 in a piece about Kapadia's daughter [[Twinkle Khanna]], claiming Chunibhai's family to be of "lapsed Ismaili Khojas".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bamzai |first1=Kaveree |title=Twinkle Khanna: The Tina Factor |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/twinkle-khanna-the-tina-factor/ |access-date=23 May 2020 |work=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open]] |author1-link=Kaveree Bamzai |date=4 October 2019 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604041446/https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/twinkle-khanna-the-tina-factor/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2014 book ''When I Was 25: The Leaders Look Back'', the author [[Shaili Chopra]], who interviewed Kapadia for a chapter in this book, quoted the aforementioned article by ''India Today'' in relation to her parents' story and noted that Kapadia "wouldn't talk about it much".{{sfn|Chopra|2014b}}}} Pakistani singer [[Faisal Kapadia]] was Chunibhai's cousin.<ref>{{cite web |last=Web Desk |date=20 October 2025 |title=Faisal Kapadia opens up about his bond with Dimple Kapadia |url=https://minutemirror.com.pk/faisal-kapadia-opens-up-about-his-bond-with-dimple-kapadia-457089/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=Minute Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Staff |date=1 November 2025 |title=Faisal Kapadia's Bollywood connection with Dimple Kapadia revealed! |url=https://www.bolnews.com/latest/2025/11/faisal-kapadias-bollywood-connection-with-dimple-kapadia-revealed/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=BolNews}}</ref> Bitti was a practising [[Ismaili]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Halim |first1=Moeena |title=Twinkle 'Funnybones' Khanna: The author who puts a bit of herself in her characters |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20161219-humour-cant-exist-without-candour-twinkle-khanna-akshay-kumar-733748-2016-12-19 |access-date=6 June 2020 |work=India Today |publisher=Living Media |date=19 December 2016 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604043045/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20161219-humour-cant-exist-without-candour-twinkle-khanna-akshay-kumar-733748-2016-12-19 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Ronjita |title=Akshay has been my biggest cheerleader |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/akshay-has-been-my-biggest-cheerleader/20161114.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=4 June 2020 |date=14 November 2016 |quote=My grandmother is an Aga Khani (''the Islami sect which revers the Aga Khan as its spiritual head'') so she would take Rinke and me to the ''jamatkhana''. |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604184416/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/akshay-has-been-my-biggest-cheerleader/20161114.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> As an infant, Dimple was given the name Ameena (literally, "honest" or "trustworthy" in [[Arabic]]) by [[Aga Khan III]], by which she was never referred to.<ref name="IT85"/><ref name="DNAStory">{{cite news|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|author=Mirani, Indu|date=22 August 2006|access-date=1 January 2012|title=Once upon a time|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_once-upon-a-time_1048705|archive-date=7 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707010051/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_once-upon-a-time_1048705|url-status=live}}</ref> She is the eldest of four children; her siblings, all of whom have died were sisters [[Simple Kapadia|Simple]] (also an actress) and Reem, and a brother, Suhail.<ref name="DNAStory"/><ref>{{cite news |title=The brave and the beautiful |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/mid-day/20161118/281595240120990 |access-date=9 June 2020 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=18 November 2016 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609162257/https://www.pressreader.com/india/mid-day/20161118/281595240120990 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Geety">{{cite news |last1=Sahgal |first1=Geety |title=Screen Exclusive: Dimple Kapadia gets candid about films, family |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/screen-exclusive-dimple-kapadia-gets-candid-about-films-family/1206778/0 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=14 December 2013 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015336/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/screen-exclusive-dimple-kapadia-gets-candid-about-films-family/1206778/0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The family resided in the Bombay suburb [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz]], where Kapadia studied at [[St Joseph's Convent High School, Mumbai|St Joseph's Convent High School]].<ref name="DNAStory"/><ref name="IT02">{{cite magazine|magazine=India Today|date=18 November 2002|access-date=1 January 2012|title=Forever Diva|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/20021118-while-actors-of-her-age-play-mother-dimple-kapadia-enjoys-fresh-lease-of-life-794278-2002-11-18|author=Bamzai, Kaveree|publisher=[[Living Media]]|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604043047/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/20021118-while-actors-of-her-age-play-mother-dimple-kapadia-enjoys-fresh-lease-of-life-794278-2002-11-18|url-status=live}}</ref> She described herself as having matured quickly, and often made friends with children older than herself.<ref name="DNAStory"/><ref name="Illustrated87">{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Alpana |title=Reflections in a Golden Eye |work=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |date=9 August 1987|pages=6–9}}</ref> Her father was disowned by his conservative family after she was cast for her first film ''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]'' in 1971.<ref name="IT85"/>{{sfn|Reuben |1995|p=204}} At age 15, she married the actor [[Rajesh Khanna]], then aged 30, after a short courtship.{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=141}} Having been a fan of Khanna, she later said marrying him was the "biggest high" of her life during this period.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140925/entertainment-bollywood/article/dimple-kapadia-relives-days-romance-and-stardom|title=The biggest high for me was to marry Rajesh Khanna: Dimple Kapadia|last=Mehul S.|first=Thakkar|date=26 September 2014|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=7 September 2016|archive-date=4 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004002042/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140925/entertainment-bollywood/article/dimple-kapadia-relives-days-romance-and-stardom|url-status=live}}</ref> The wedding was performed according to [[Arya Samaj]] rites in her father's bungalow in [[Juhu]] on 27 March 1973 and was followed by a grand reception event attended by thousands later in the evening—six months before the release of ''Bobby''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bharatan |first1=Raju |author-link1=Raju Bharatan |title=Motion Picture Event of the Year |work=The Illustrated Weekly of India |date=8 April 1973 |page=47| url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100847/page/n49/mode/2up|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Dinesh">{{cite web|work=Rediff.com|title=Dimple: A Most Unusual Woman|author=Raheja, Dinesh|author-link=Dinesh Raheja|date=8 September 2004|access-date=19 September 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/sep/08dimple.htm|archive-date=7 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107025751/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/sep/08dimple.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At her husband's behest, Kapadia quit acting following the marriage.{{sfn|Bumiller|1991|p=[https://archive.org/details/mayyoubemotherof00bumi/page/n207/mode/2up 186]}}<ref name="ffiv"/> She gave birth to two daughters, [[Twinkle Khanna|Twinkle]] (born 1974) and [[Rinke Khanna|Rinke]] (born 1977).{{sfn|Usman|2014|p=192}}

Kapadia separated from Khanna in April 1982 and returned with her two daughters to her parents' house.<ref name="IT85"/>{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=141}} She returned to acting two years later.{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=141}} In a 1985 interview with ''[[India Today]]'', she remarked, "The life and happiness in our house came to an end the day I and Rajesh got married", saying her unhappy marital experience had included inequality and her husband's infidelity, and called their marriage "a farce".<ref name="IT85"/> The hostility between Khanna and Kapadia, who were never officially divorced, subsided over the years; despite not having ever reunited, they were seen together at parties; Kapadia acted opposite Khanna in his unreleased film ''Jai Shiv Shankar'' in 1990 and campaigned for his election to the [[Indian National Congress]] a year later.{{sfn|Usman|2014|p=153}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rajesh-Dimple-Complicated/articleshow/6541166.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|author=Sinha, Seema|access-date=6 December 2011|title=Rajesh-Dimple: Complicated!|date=13 September 2010|archive-date=14 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914114403/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Rajesh-Dimple-Complicated/articleshow/6541166.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Their daughters similarly became actresses and, after marriage, retired from acting.<ref name="Geety"/> The elder daughter Twinkle is married to the actor [[Akshay Kumar]].<ref name="lucky09"/> Asked in ''[[Filmfare]]'' in 2000 whether she would want to remarry, Kapadia said: "I'm very happy and content{{nbsp}}... once was more than enough".<ref name="ffiv"/> Khanna fell ill in early 2012, and Kapadia stayed by his side and took care of him until his death on 18 July that year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood's Rajesh Khanna 'not ill', waves at fans |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-18530095 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=26 December 2020 |date=21 June 2012 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816071231/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-18530095 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=George |first1=Nirmala |title=Bollywood superstar Rajesh Khanna dies |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/sdut-bollywood-superstar-rajesh-khanna-dies-2012jul18-story.html |access-date=27 December 2020 |work=[[New York Daily News]] |date=18 July 2012 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070657/https://www.nydailynews.com/sdut-bollywood-superstar-rajesh-khanna-dies-2012jul18-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She was with him when he died and said his loss, along with the deaths of her sister Simple and her brother, left her feeling "truly abandoned".<ref name="Geety"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Dimple Kapadia, Rajesh Khanna: Love unfinished! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dimple-Kapadia-Rajesh-Khanna-Love-unfinished/articleshow/15053752.cms |access-date=26 December 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=20 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225223223/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dimple-Kapadia-Rajesh-Khanna-Love-unfinished/articleshow/15053752.cms |archive-date=25 February 2015}}</ref>

Kapadia is an art lover and has experimented with painting and sculpture. In 1998, she started a company called The Faraway Tree, which sells candles that she designs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=M. M. Vetticad |first1=Anna |author-link=Anna M. M. Vetticad |title=Kapadia's candles |work=India Today |publisher=Living Media |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19981012-actress-dimple-kapadia-and-her-daughters-get-into-candles-making-827193-1998-10-12 |access-date=16 May 2020 |date=12 October 1998 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621012836/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19981012-actress-dimple-kapadia-and-her-daughters-get-into-candles-making-827193-1998-10-12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="candleex">{{cite news |last1=Pratap Shah |first1=Monisha |title=Candle in the wind |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/Candle-in-the-wind/articleshow/662694114.cms |access-date=16 May 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=11 November 2001 |archive-date=17 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817190246/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/Candle-in-the-wind/articleshow/662694114.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Having been a candle enthusiast and finding candle-making therapeutic, she went to [[Wales]] and took a workshop with [[Blackwood, Caerphilly|Blackwood]]-based candle artist [[David Constable (artist)|David Constable]].<ref name="IT02"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-wales-23274007|title=Candlemaker David Constable on his work by royal appointment|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=11 July 2013|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015341/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-wales-23274007|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the Indian press, Kapadia's business venture has inspired other candle enthusiasts to start similar businesses.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thapar Kapoor |first1=Reena |title=The house of wax |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/the-house-of-wax/articleshow/15642743.cms |access-date=16 May 2020 |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=9 October 2006 |archive-date=3 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703115533/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/the-house-of-wax/articleshow/15642743.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sangghvi |first1=Malavika |title=Candles in the wind? |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/candles-in-the-wind/208877 |access-date=16 May 2020 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=15 April 2013 |archive-date=4 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704075831/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/candles-in-the-wind/208877 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her candles were presented and offered for sale at a number of exhibitions.<ref name="candleex"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Dimple's candles to light animals' cause |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000721/cth1.htm#12 |access-date=16 May 2020 |work=The Tribune |agency=Tribune News Service |date=20 July 2000 |archive-date=21 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421003655/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000721/cth1.htm#12 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
{{see also|Dimple Kapadia filmography }}

===Debut and stardom (1973)===
Kapadia, who was an avid movie viewer, aspired to be an actor since childhood.<ref name="Illustrated87"/> Her acting career was initiated by her father, who socialised with film-industry professionals and frequented parties hosted by screenwriter Anjana Rawail.<ref name="DNAStory"/>{{sfn|Reuben|1995|pp=198–199}} Through his contacts, Dimple was almost cast to play the younger version of [[Vyjayanthimala]]'s character in [[H. S. Rawail]]'s ''[[Sunghursh]]'' (1968), but was eventually rejected because she looked older than the part called for.<ref name="DNAStory"/> After she turned down an offer to play the protagonist in [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]'s ''[[Guddi (1971 film)|Guddi]]'' in 1970, another opportunity arose in 1971 when [[Raj Kapoor]] was looking for a young, new female lead for his planned teen romance. Munni Dhawan, a close friend of Kapoor, suggested he consider Kapadia, having been acquainted with her father.{{sfnm|1a1=Nanda|1y=2002|2a1=Reuben|2y=1995|2pp=198–199}} In June that year, at the age of 14, Kapadia performed a screen test for the film on the sets of one of Kapoor's productions.{{sfn|Abbas|2013|p=1}} Impressed with her spontaneity and improvisation, Kapoor cast her in the part.{{sfn|Reuben|1995|pp=201–202}} The film, which was named ''Bobby'', was released in September 1973. It starred Kapoor's son [[Rishi Kapoor]] as Raj Nath, the son of a wealthy Hindu businessman, and Kapadia was given the title role of Bobby Braganza, the teenage daughter of a [[Christian]] fisherman from [[Goa]]. The story follows the love affair between Raj and Bobby in the face of his parents' disapproval of their relationship due to [[Class discrimination|class prejudice]].{{sfnm|1a1=Ganti|1y=2004|1p=158|2a1=Dasgupta|2a2=Datta|2y=2018|2pp=39–40}}

''Bobby'' was a major commercial success—[[List of Hindi films of 1973#Top-grossing films|India's highest-grossing film of the year]] and ultimately second-earning film of the decade—and Kapadia was lauded for her performance, which won her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] (tied with [[Jaya Bhaduri]] for {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Abhimaan (1973 film)|Abhimaan]]}}).{{sfn|Dasgupta|Datta|2018|pp=39–40|ps=: "''Bobby'' was a blockbuster, the biggest hit of 1973 and the second biggest hit of the 1970s ... The movie was a trendsetter as it played out a young romance against the backdrop of class prejudice."}}<ref>{{cite news | access-date=4 June 2020 | archive-date=4 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604062509/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/12/archives/karma-of-bobby-lovers-stirs-indias-filmgoers.html | author-link1=Bernard Weinraub | date=12 December 1973 | first1=Bernard | last1=Weinraub | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/12/archives/karma-of-bobby-lovers-stirs-indias-filmgoers.html | title=Karma of ''Bobby'' Lovers Stirs India's Filmgoers | url-status=live | work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Qurratulain Hyder]] of ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'' noted she acted with "natural ease and freshness".<ref>{{cite news | access-date=24 June 2020 | author-link1=Qurratulain Hyder | first1=Qurratulain | last1=Hyder | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.101063/page/n185/mode/2up | title=''Bobby'' – Film review | work=The Illustrated Weekly of India | date=14 October 1973 | page=41}}</ref> Several of Kapadia's lines in the film became popular, particularly, "Mujhse dosti karoge?" ("Will you be my friend?"),{{sfn|Dwyer|2000|p=139}} and the "miniskirts, midriff-baring polka dot shirts, and fabled red bikini" she wore made her a youth fashion icon in India.{{sfnm|1a1=Joshi|1y=2015|1p=99|1ps=: "Dimple Kapadia's miniskirts, midriff-baring polka dot shirts, and fabled red bikini were visual enticements of an audacious teenage sexuality hitherto unseen on Bombay's screens"|2a1=Roy|2y=2019|2p=114|2ps=: "Teenage sensation Dimple Kapadia's hot pants and polkadotted tie-knot blouses from Bollywood's biggest romantic blockbuster, ''Bobby'' (1973), became an instant fashion trend among women."|3a1=Begum-Hossain|3y=2007|3p=63|3ps=: "The film's Western-inspired fashion really caught the imaginations of Indian youth. Mini skirts bikinis and flowing scarves, as worn by Bobby, were adopted by fashion conscious teenage viewers."|4a1=Bramesco|4y=2023|4p=76|4ps=: "Sixteen-year-old star Dimple Kapadia was christened a style icon among legions of teenyboppers for her envelope-pushing sartorial sense; the flamboyant dyes once coveted by colonizers were transferred from full-body saris and other old-world garb to miniskirts and crop tops all the rage in Europe."}} Consequently, polka-dotted dresses were often referred to as "Bobby Print".<ref>{{cite news |title=Of polka dots and teenage love |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/of-polka-dots-and-teenage-love/articleshow/24643268.cms |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=27 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027093632/https://mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/of-polka-dots-and-teenage-love/articleshow/24643268.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Front knot outfits to over-the-knee boots, hairbands, jumpsuits; It's the '70s this year |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-front-knot-outfits-to-over-the-knee-boots-hairbands-jumpsuits-it-s-the-70s-this-year-2794403 |author=Roy, Dhaval |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=4 October 2019 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604132848/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-front-knot-outfits-to-over-the-knee-boots-hairbands-jumpsuits-it-s-the-70s-this-year-2794403 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Bhawana Somaaya]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' credits Kapadia with starting the merchandising of film memorabilia in India, and Mukesh Khosla of ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' said ''Bobby'' established her as a "cult figure" because she led the fashion trends.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/10/26/stories/09260225.htm|author=Somaaya, Bhawana|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 October 2000|access-date=19 September 2011|title=Glimpses of a golden decade|archive-date=28 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628195413/http://www.hindu.com/2000/10/26/stories/09260225.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Tribune|author=Khosla, Mukesh|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020310/spectrum/tv.htm|title=Celebrating womanhood|date=10 March 2002|access-date=25 December 2011|archive-date=30 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130011508/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020310/spectrum/tv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In later years, Kapadia credited Raj Kapoor for her development as an actor: "The sum total of me today as an actress, whatever I am, is Raj Kapoor".<ref name="Illustrated87"/> In 2008, Raja Sen from the web portal [[Rediff.com]] ranked her performance in ''Bobby'' as the fourth-best female debut of all time in Hindi cinema: "An elfin little girl with big, lovely eyes, nobody quite portrayed innocence as memorably as Dimple in her first outing. She was candid, striking, and a true natural ... here was a girl who would redefine glamour and grace, and make it look very, very easy indeed."<ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff.com|author=Sen, Raja|date=24 November 2008|access-date=19 September 2011|title=Best Debutants Ever|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/24sd7-best-actresses-ever.htm|archive-date=15 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915013832/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/24sd7-best-actresses-ever.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Comeback and early fluctuations (1984–1986)===

Kapadia returned to acting in 1984, two years after her separation from Khanna, saying she had a personal need to prove her own capabilities to herself.<ref name="Illustrated87"/>{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=141}} Over the next decade, she became one of the leading female actors in Hindi cinema.{{sfnm|1a1=Bumiller|1y=1991|1p=[https://archive.org/details/mayyoubemotherof00bumi/page/n205/mode/2up?q=dimple+kapadia 185]|2a1=Agnihotri|2y=1992|2p=159|2ps=: "Armed with dazzling beauty, an incisive intellect, undaunted determination, ample talent and an impressive array of films, Dimple Kapadia is already in the top slot."}} Her first post-hiatus film was ''[[Saagar (film)|Saagar]]''; a mutual friend had notified the director [[Ramesh Sippy]] about Kapadia's willingness to return to acting, and she was invited to audition for the part. She considered her screen test unsuccessful because she was "literally shivering" while performing it, but Sippy cast her to play the lead part opposite her ''Bobby'' co-star Rishi Kapoor.<ref name="Illustrated87"/> Scripted with her in mind,<ref name="Illustrated87"/> the film was intended to be her comeback vehicle but its one-year delay meant several of her later projects were released before, the first of which was ''[[Zakhmi Sher]]'' (1984).<ref name="ffiv">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Filmfare]] |date=November 2000 |author=Jha, Subhash K.|author-link=Subhash K. Jha |title=Happily ever after |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/nov2000/ivw7.html |access-date=18 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323115221/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/nov2000/ivw7.html |archive-date=23 March 2010}}</ref>{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1999|p=473}}

Other films released before ''Saagar'' include ''[[Manzil Manzil]]'' (1984), ''[[Aitbaar]]'' (1985) and ''[[Arjun (1985 film)|Arjun]]'' (1985). Kapadia appeared opposite [[Sunny Deol]] in ''Manzil Manzil'', a drama that was directed by [[Nasir Hussain]]. While speaking of her positive experience during the making of the film, she felt uncomfortable performing the routine [[Hindi cinema#Song and dance|song-and-dance]] nature of the part.<ref name="Illustrated87"/> Her work was deemed ineffective by ''Trade Guide'', and ''The Illustrated Weekly of India'' reported her career prospects entirely depended upon the fortunes of her next few projects.<ref>{{cite news |title=Guftagu |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11912/page/n499/mode/2up?q=dimple |access-date=2 September 2020 |work=The Illustrated Weekly of India |date=23 December 1984 |page=67}}</ref> Kapadia received positive reviews for her part in [[Mukul Anand]]'s [[Hitchcockian]] thriller ''Aitbaar''.<ref name="Illustrated87"/>{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=142}}<ref name="AitbaarArjun">{{cite news |last1=Vijayakar |first1=Rajiv |title=Golden Year gets Silver sheen |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/golden-year-gets-silver-sheen/703446/ |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=28 October 2010 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015337/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/golden-year-gets-silver-sheen/703446/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She starred as Neha, a wealthy young woman whose greedy husband ([[Raj Babbar]]) plots to murder her. Discussing her performance, she said she was "a bag of nerves" while filming, which benefitted her performance because her own state coincided with her character's inner turmoil.<ref name="Illustrated87"/> She was cast opposite Sunny Deol for a second time in [[Rahul Rawail]]'s action film ''Arjun''; it was her first commercial success since her return to films.<ref name="AitbaarArjun"/>{{sfn|Kumar|1995|p=114}}

''Saagar'' premiered in August 1985 and was controversial for several scenes featuring Kapadia, including one in which she was seen topless for less than a second.{{sfnm|1a1=Chaudhuri|1y=2014|1pp=240–242|2a1=Arunachalam|2y=2020|2p=655}} The film was chosen as [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|India's official entry]] to the [[List of submissions to the 58th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|58th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref>{{cite news | access-date=29 May 2020 | archive-date=9 February 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209135521/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850731-after-series-of-box-office-duds-ramesh-sippy-strikes-back-with-romantic-venture-saagar-770238-2013-12-27 | first1=Sumit | last1=Mitra | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850731-after-series-of-box-office-duds-ramesh-sippy-strikes-back-with-romantic-venture-saagar-770238-2013-12-27 | title=''Saagar'': Back to love | work=India Today | publisher=Living Media | url-status=live | date=31 July 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Roshmila |author-link=Roshmila Bhattacharya |title=This Week, That Year: Breaking new ground with Ramesh Sippy |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/this-week-that-year-breaking-new-ground-with-sippy/articleshow/73451021.cms |access-date=20 June 2020 |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=21 January 2020 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621213437/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/this-week-that-year-breaking-new-ground-with-sippy/articleshow/73451021.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Kapadia's performance as Mona D'Silva, a young [[Catholic]] woman who is torn between her friend ([[Kamal Haasan]]) and the man she loves (Kapoor),{{sfn|Thoraval|2000|p=128}} reestablished her position in the film industry and won her a second Best Actress award at the [[Filmfare Awards]].{{sfn|Husain|2002|p=77}}{{sfn|Dwyer|2005|p=50|ps=: "Her comeback was with Rishi in 1985's Saagar, after which she became an iconic figure in the film industry"}} A reviewer in ''[[Asiaweek]]'' appreciated the film for its "polished narration and masterly technique" and labelled Kapadia "a delight".<ref>{{cite magazine |author= Rao, C.B.|magazine =[[Asiaweek]]|volume=12|issue=12–26|title=Restrained Romance|year=1986|publisher=Asiaweek Ltd.}}</ref> According to Rediff.com, Kapadia "performed solidly and memorably, grounding the two male leads and making the film work".<ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff.com|title=The best of Dimple Kapadia|date=8 June 2010|access-date=3 January 2011|url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/jun/08/slide-show-1-the-best-of-dimple-kapadia.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207025431/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/jun/08/slide-show-1-the-best-of-dimple-kapadia.htm|archive-date=7 December 2010}}</ref> A 1993 issue of ''India Today'' wrote: "''Saagar'' was in many ways a paean to her incredible beauty. She looked ravishing: auburn hair, classical face, deep eyes, an aura of sensuality. It was clear she was back."<ref name="IT93">{{cite news |last1=Biswas |first1=Soutik |title=Dimple Kapadia: A creative flowering |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/profile/story/19930715-bollywood-star-dimple-kapadia-matures-into-a-serious-actress-811275-1993-07-15 |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=India Today |publisher=[[Living Media]] |date=15 July 1993 |volume=18 |pages=54–55 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604170209/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/profile/story/19930715-bollywood-star-dimple-kapadia-matures-into-a-serious-actress-811275-1993-07-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Feroz Khan (actor)|Feroz Khan]]'s ''[[Janbaaz]]'' (1986), which is about a man fighting drug addiction,<ref>{{cite news |title=Transplanted machismo |work=Bombay: The City Magazine |publisher=Living Media |year=1986 |issue=2 |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-ivnCBinIUC&q=janbaaz+1986+drug |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015338/https://books.google.com/books?id=w-ivnCBinIUC&q=janbaaz+1986+drug&dq=janbaaz+1986+drug |url-status=live }}</ref> became known for a love scene in which Kapadia and male lead [[Anil Kapoor]] share a kiss, a rarity in Hindi cinema at the time.<ref name="KnowDimpleFilmfare">{{cite news |last1=Farook |first1=Farhana |title=Know Your Actor: Dimple Kapadia |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/know-your-actor-dimple-kapadia-18438-3.html |access-date=15 February 2021 |work=Filmfare |date=28 January 2017 |archive-date=5 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205220031/http://www.filmfare.com/features/know-your-actor-dimple-kapadia-18438-3.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dubey |first1=Rachana |title=Valentine's Day Special: Love, sealed with a kiss in cinema |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/valentines-day-special-love-sealed-with-a-kiss-in-cinema/articleshow/80898082.cms |access-date=15 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=13 February 2021 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214054252/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/valentines-day-special-love-sealed-with-a-kiss-in-cinema/articleshow/80898082.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, she acted opposite Kamal Haasan in her first regional film, ''[[Vikram (1986 Tamil film)|Vikram]]'', a Tamil-language sci-fi feature, in the minor role of Inimaasi, a young princess who falls in love with Vikram (Haasan).<ref name="crossover">{{cite news|newspaper=The Times of India|title=The great crossover|author=Pillai, Jitesh|author-link=Jitesh Pillai|date=24 December 2002|access-date=23 December 2011|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/The-great-crossover/articleshow/32264291.cms|archive-date=3 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003062446/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/The-great-crossover/articleshow/32264291.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> At that time, she worked in numerous Hindi films made by producers from [[South India]], including ''[[Pataal Bhairavi]]'', which she detested. She later confessed to accepting these roles for financial gain rather than artistic merit: "I shudder even now when I think of those films. As an artiste I got totally corrupted."<ref name="Illustrated87"/>

===''Kaash'' and mainstream success (1987–1989)===

{{quote box|width=31em|quote="After three years of near-frustration in my career, I bagged Mahesh Bhatt's film ''Kaash''. This film changed my whole outlook. After all those professional brickbats, when Mahesh asked me to do his film I think I got one of the biggest highs of my career. Working for Mahesh has been the most satisfying phase in my entire career as an actress. If I can imbibe even 25% of what he has taught me, I feel I will be made as an artiste."|source=—Kapadia in 1987 on the experience of making ''Kaash''<ref name="Illustrated87"/>}}

Kapadia's career took further shape in 1987 and, according to film journalist Firoze Rangoonwala, she was the most sought-after actress in the film industry that year.<ref name="Rangoonwala">{{cite news |last1=Rangoonwala |first1=Firoze |title=1987: a year of cinematic mediocrity |url=https://archive.org/details/ArabTimes1987KuwaitEnglish/Dec%2024%201987%2C%20Arab%20Times%2C%20%237127%2C%20Kuwait%20%28en%29/page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[Arab Times]] |date=24–25 December 1987}}</ref> She appeared in [[Rajkumar Kohli]]'s ''[[Insaniyat Ke Dushman]]'' and Mukul Anand's ''[[Insaaf (1987 film)|Insaaf]]''; both action films that were popular with audiences.<ref name="Dinesh"/> ''Insaniyat Ke Dushman'' featured Kapadia as part of an ensemble, and Rangoonwala attributed its commercial success to its all-star cast and "bulky melodrama".<ref name="Rangoonwala"/>{{sfn|Nash|Ross|1988|p=132}} In ''Insaaf'', she played the dual role of [[Doppelgänger|unrelated lookalikes]]: Sonia, a club dancer and Dr. Sarita, a physician.{{sfn |Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1999|page=43}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krishnaswamy |first1=N. |title=Saaf |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19870717&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=1 September 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=17 July 1987 |page=5 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015348/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19870717&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

Later in the year, she played Pooja in [[Mahesh Bhatt]]'s marital drama ''[[Kaash]]''. Kapadia and [[Jackie Shroff]] starred as an estranged couple who, during a relentless legal battle over the custody of their only son, learn that the boy has [[brain tumour]] and reunite to spend the last months of his life as a family.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=10 June 2020 | archive-date=10 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610141020/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahesh-bhatts-kaash-starring-jackie-shroff-and-dimple-kapadia-is-a-convincing-exploration-of-the-theme-of-death-4582751.html | first1=Gautam | last1=Chintamani | url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mahesh-bhatts-kaash-starring-jackie-shroff-and-dimple-kapadia-is-a-convincing-exploration-of-the-theme-of-death-4582751.html | title=Mahesh Bhatt's ''Kaash'', starring Jackie Shroff and Dimple Kapadia, is a convincing exploration of the theme of death | url-status=live | work=[[Firstpost]] | date=24 June 2018}}</ref> Before filming began, she called it the most serious artistic challenge of her career.<ref name="IT85"/> Bhatt cast Kapadia because he was aware of her own marital experience and later revealed that during the shooting she had grown increasingly invested in the story, so much that after a point he could not differentiate her from Pooja as she "became the character".<ref name="illustratedmahesh">{{cite magazine |author=Bhatt, Mahesh|magazine =The Illustrated Weekly of India|volume=108|issue=27–38|date=9 August 1987|title=She's Like a Child on Her First Day at School|page=12}}</ref> Kapadia's performance was praised by critics.{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=142}}<ref name="express88">{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=The rage of angels |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4FlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA23 |work=The Sunday Standard |date=23 October 1988 |page=3 |access-date=18 February 2021 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070641/https://books.google.com/books?id=w4FlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bhawanainterview">{{cite magazine |magazine =[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|author=Somaaya, Bhawana|date=5 March 2004|access-date=23 December 2011|title=Dimple Kapadia's Interview|url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/Dimple-Kapadia-s-Interview/7457/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040602101449/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=7457|archive-date=2 June 2004}}</ref> [[Pritish Nandy]], the editor of ''The Illustrated Weekly of India'', asserted: "Dimple achieves the impossible. Bereft of her glitzy make-up, glamour and filmi mannerisms, she comes alive as never before: beautiful, sensitive, intense. You almost feel you've discovered a new actress on the screen."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nandy |first1=Pritish |author-link1=Pritish Nandy |title=Editor's Choice – Film |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.110088/page/n361/mode/2up |access-date=24 June 2020 |work=The Illustrated Weekly of India |date=6 September 1987}}</ref> In later years, ''[[The Times of India]]'' listed it as one of Kapadia's best performances, noting her "immense strength as a performer", and [[Sukanya Verma]] wrote of the "stoic determination and touching vulnerability" with which Pooja was played, calling the outcome "extremely believable and sympathetic at once".<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|title=Dimple Kapadia: The sensuous star|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dimple-Kapadia-The-sensuous-star/articleshow/1215746.cms|date=31 August 2005|access-date=18 September 2011|newspaper=The Times of India|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709230539/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dimple-Kapadia-The-sensuous-star/articleshow/1215746.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=8 June 2007|work=Rediff.com|title=The best of Dimple|author=Verma, Sukanya|author-link=Sukanya Verma|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/08sli5.htm|access-date=19 September 2011|archive-date=2 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102114121/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/08sli5.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhawana Somaaya reported that ''Kaash'' had established Kapadia as a performing artiste.<ref>{{cite news|author=Somaaya, Bhawana|title=The highs and lows – a recollection|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/11/24/stories/09240222.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040101090803/http://www.hindu.com/2000/11/24/stories/09240222.htm|archive-date=1 January 2004|date=24 November 2000|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=18 September 2011}}</ref>

In ''[[Zakhmi Aurat]]'' (1988), Kapadia played Kiran Dutt, a police officer who is subjected to [[gang rape]] and, when the judicial system fails to convict the criminals, unites with other rape survivors to [[castrate]] the rapists in revenge.{{sfn|Vasudev |1995 |p=249}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopalan |first1=Lalitha |title=Avenging women in Indian cinema |journal=[[Screen (journal)|Screen]] |date=1 March 1997 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=42–59 |doi=10.1093/screen/38.1.42 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/38.1.42 |issn=0036-9543|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Among the first of a new trend of women-centred revenge films, the film was a financial success but polarised critics and attracted wide coverage for its lengthy, brutal rape scene involving Kapadia.{{sfn|Mazumdar |2017|p=172}}<ref name="CBFC">{{cite journal |last1=Vasudev |first1=Aruna |author-link1=Aruna Vasudev |title=Women beware men |journal=[[Index on Censorship]] |date=March 1991 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=7–8 |doi=10.1080/03064229108535052 |s2cid=151673841 |issn=0306-4220|doi-access= }}</ref> [[Khalid Mohamed]] of ''The Times of India'' noted Kapadia's "power packed performance" but criticised the rape sequence as "utter lasciviousness" and "vulgarity spattering through the screen".<ref>{{cite news | author-link=Khalid Mohamed | date=4 September 1988 | first1=Khalid | last1=Mohamed | title=''Zakhmi Aurat'': How to Go Haywire | work=The Times of India}}</ref> Feminist magazine ''[[Manushi]]'' panned the film's low cinematic quality, including the absurdity of the action scenes and the "ugly kind of titillation" in the rape scene, but said Kapadia brought "a conviction to her role that is rare among Bombay heroines" with a performance that is "low key, moving and charming without being at all clinging or seductive".<ref name="manushi">{{cite news |last1=Kishwar |first1=Madhu |author-link1=Madhu Kishwar|last2=Vanita |first2=Ruth|author-link2=Ruth Vanita |title=Male Fantasies of Female Revenge |date=September–October 1988 |work=[[Manushi]] |issue=48 |pages=43–44}}</ref> The same year, Kapadia worked with Rajkumar Kohli on the action drama ''[[Saazish (1988 film)|Saazish]]'' and the horror film ''[[Bees Saal Baad (1988 film)|Bees Saal Baad]]'', a remake of the 1962 [[Bees Saal Baad (1962 film)|film of the same name]].{{sfn|Arunachalam |2020|p=1060}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Rachit |title=Five must-watch horror classics |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/five-mustwatch-horror-classics-13627.html |access-date=27 April 2020 |work=Filmfare |date=2 June 2016 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609204944/https://www.filmfare.com/features/five-mustwatch-horror-classics-13627.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Mubarki|2016|p=128}} She was the action star in ''[[Mera Shikar]]'', a revenge saga directed by [[Keshu Ramsay]], playing Bijli, a once joyous young woman who trains in [[martial arts]] to punish a notorious gangster for the crimes inflicted upon her sister. The film was described as an "extraordinarily adroit entertainer" by Subhash K. Jha, who preferred it over the "sleazy [[sensationalism]]" of ''Zakhmi Aurat'' and noted the "unusual restraint" with which Bijli's transformation was achieved.<ref name="express88"/>

In 1989, Kapadia appeared as Jackie Shroff's love interest in ''[[Ram Lakhan]]'', a crime drama directed by [[Subhash Ghai]]. The film was a success with both critics and audiences,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lalwani |first1=Vickey |title=The art and craft of Subhash Ghai |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/24list.htm |access-date=11 June 2020 |work=Rediff.com |date=24 January 2003 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611110521/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/24list.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | access-date=23 December 2011 | archive-date=27 April 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427190428/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/oct/21ghai.htm | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/oct/21ghai.htm | title=''Ram Lakhan'': Where good wins over evil | work=Rediff.com | date=21 October 2003 | author=Tulasi, Abhilash | url-status=live}}</ref> becoming the second-highest grossing Hindi film of the year and earning eight nominations at the [[35th Filmfare Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office 1989 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131224653/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk4OQ==|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk4OQ== |archive-date=31 January 2009|publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Nominations – 1989 |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368588.cms |access-date=28 April 2020 |work=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028101703/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368588.cms |archive-date=28 October 2007}}</ref> She played a [[courtesan]]-turned-vengeful [[Mistress (lover)|mistress]] in ''[[Pati Parmeshwar (film)|Pati Parmeshwar]]''. The film was released after a well-publicised two-year court battle with the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC),{{sfn |Mehta|2012|pages=131–158}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mehta |first1=Monika |title=A Certification Anomaly: The Self-Sacrificial Female Body in Bombay Cinema |journal=Studies in South Asian Film & Media |date=1 May 2009 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=119–144 |doi=10.1386/safm.1.1.119_1 |url=https://archive.org/details/Studies_in_South_Asian_Film_and_Media_Volume_1_Issue_1/page/n119/mode/2up}}</ref> which initially [[List of films banned in India|banned it from screening]] for its perceived glorification of [[Gender inequality in India|submissiveness of women]] through the character of the forgiving wife who is in "ignoble servility" to her husband.<ref name="CBFC"/><ref>{{cite news | access-date=7 June 2020 | archive-date=7 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607113340/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19880815-bombay-hc-ruling-on-screening-of-pati-parmeshwar-sparks-a-debate-on-censorship-797600-1988-08-15 | first1=Salil | last1=Tripathi | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19880815-bombay-hc-ruling-on-screening-of-pati-parmeshwar-sparks-a-debate-on-censorship-797600-1988-08-15 | title=Bombay HC ruling on screening of ''Pati Parmeshwar'' sparks a debate on censorship | work=India Today | publisher=Living Media | url-status=live | date=15 August 1988}}</ref> Other films starring Kapadia that year include [[Babbar Subhash]]'s ''[[Pyar Ke Naam Qurbaan]]'' and [[J. P. Dutta]]'s action picture ''[[Batwara]]''.{{sfn|Siṃha |2000 |p=40}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Three Heroines on a Hot Desert Locale |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEl8BbJic0oC&q=Three+Heroines+on+a+Hot+Desert+Locale |access-date=14 October 2020 |work=Democratic World |date=17 September 1989 |page=17 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025036/https://books.google.com/books?id=OEl8BbJic0oC&q=Three+Heroines+on+a+Hot+Desert+Locale |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Goswami |first1=Seema |title=Dimple Kapadia: like father, like son |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.110149/page/n555/mode/2up?q=dimple |access-date=23 June 2020 |work=The Telegraph |issue=36 |date=12 August 1989 |page=39}}</ref>

===Professional expansion and critical acclaim (1990–1994)===
In the 1990s, Kapadia started appearing in [[parallel cinema]], a movement of Indian neo-realist [[art film]]s,<ref name="IT93"/>{{sfn|Ghose|1994|p=46}} later citing an "inner yearning to exhibit my best potential".<ref name="Tribune2009">{{cite news|title=Dimple deconstructed|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090608/ttlife1.htm|date=8 June 2009|access-date=18 September 2011|newspaper=The Tribune|author=Das Gupta, Ranjan|archive-date=3 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103044625/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090608/ttlife1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Those films include ''[[Drishti (film)|Drishti]]'' (1990), ''[[Lekin...]]'' (1991), ''[[Rudaali]]'' (1993) and ''[[Antareen]]'' (1993). ''Drishti'', a marital drama that was directed by [[Govind Nihalani]] and inspired by [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s ''[[Scenes from a Marriage]]'' (1973), starred Kapadia and [[Shekhar Kapur]] as a married couple from Mumbai's intellectual milieu, and followed their trials and tribulations, extramarital affairs, divorce, and eventual reconciliation.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1999|p=496}}<ref name="1990tribune">{{cite news |title=Year of filmi masterpieces |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021117/spectrum/main3.htm |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Sunday Tribune]] |date=17 November 2002 |access-date=4 December 2011 |author=Dhawan, M.L. |archive-date=13 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013124825/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021117/spectrum/main3.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kapadia received critical acclaim for playing the protagonist, career-woman Sandhya, and later recounted her full emotional involvement in the part.{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=142}}<ref>{{cite news | access-date=15 November 2020 | archive-date=28 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028220050/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/b-day-present-for-dimple-kapadia-her-film-drishti-is-going-to-be-restored/story-h5nApiKI6PITYPjaGUYGjM.html | first1=Ranjan | last1=Das Gupta | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/b-day-present-for-dimple-kapadia-her-film-drishti-is-going-to-be-restored/story-h5nApiKI6PITYPjaGUYGjM.html | title=Birthday present for Dimple Kapadia: Her film, ''Drishti'', is going to be restored | url-status=live | work=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=8 June 2018}}</ref> The author [[Subramani]] recognised Kapadia as "an actress with hidden resources" and appreciated her "intelligent portrayal", through which Sandhya emerged as "vulnerable and intense and full of feminine wiles".{{sfn|Subramani|1995 |p=144 |ps=: "''Drishti'' also shows Dimple Kapadia as an actress with hidden resources. Kapadia's Sandhya is vulnerable and intense and full of feminine wiles. It's an intelligent portrayal; at least in this film she appears to have filled the gap left by Smita Patil's absence."}} A review in ''[[The Indian Express]]'' noted Kapadia's sensitive performance, presuming her own journey through separation might have enhanced her understanding of the part.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krishnaswamy |first1=N. |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19910113&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Near, and yet so far |access-date=21 April 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=13 January 1991 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025005/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19910113&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Hood|2000|p=344 |ps=: "Particularly memorable in this film is the consistency of the direction over the remarkably realistic acting, especially in the brilliant performances of the two women, Dimple Kapadia as Sandhya and Mita Vasisht as Prabha."}} The film was acknowledged as the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Hindi Film]] of that year at the [[38th National Film Awards]], and ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]'' magazine suggested that Kapadia should have earned the Best Actress award at the same function.<ref name=NFA38>{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/79_38thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=38th National Film Awards |year=1991|website=dff.nic.in |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=14 June 2020|page=62 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424114615/http://dff.nic.in/2011/38th_nff_1991.pdf |archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |magazine =[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|year=1993|volume=10|issue=1–9|author=Rangarajan, S.|author-link=S. Rangarajan|page=99|title=1993 National Film Awards}}</ref> She was named [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress (Hindi)|Best Actress (Hindi)]] of the year by the [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|Bengal Film Journalists' Association]], and won a jury award for [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress#Outstanding Performance in a Non-Commercial Film|Outstanding Performance]] at the [[37th Filmfare Awards]].<ref name="BFJA">{{cite web |url= http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/199255.htm |title= 1992 – 55th Annual BFJA Awards – Awards for the Year 1991 |access-date=9 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108211219/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/199255.htm |archive-date=8 January 2010 |publisher= [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA]]}}</ref><ref name="FF1992">{{cite news |title=Filmfare Awards 1992 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1992/101 |access-date=12 May 2023 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123205949/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1992/101 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Gulzar]]'s romantic mystery ''Lekin...'', which is based on [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s short story "[[The Hungry Stones]]" (1895),{{sfn|Sen|2017|p=179}} features Kapadia as Reva, a [[vengeful ghost|restless spirit]] who haunts an ancient [[Rajasthan]]i palace seeking liberation. The film traces Reva's intermittent apparitions in front of Sameer ([[Vinod Khanna]]), a museum curator who arrives at the palace and—upon watching her visual recreation of events from her tragic story—resolves to set her free.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1999|p=498}} Kapadia was determined to get the part as soon as she learned about the project and kept persistently calling Gulzar and the film's producer [[Lata Mangeshkar]] until she was finally cast.<ref name="JhaNH">{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Dimple Kapadia's finest 5 performances |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/dimple-kapadias-finest-5-performances |access-date=8 February 2022 |work=[[National Herald]] |date=8 June 2021|archive-date=8 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208173843/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/dimple-kapadias-finest-5-performances |url-status=live }}</ref> To make her character more truthful, Gulzar forbade Kapadia to blink during filming, trying to capture an "endless, fixed gaze" that would give her "a feeling of being surreal".{{sfn|Gulzar|2004|p=131}} Kapadia has often cited this role as a personal favourite and the pinnacle of her career, and wished it had been given more screen time in the film.<ref name="sari-roles">{{cite news|title=Dimple 'comfortable in sari roles'|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/05/06/stories/2010050651670100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223024938/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/05/06/stories/2010050651670100.htm|archive-date=23 February 2014|author=S., Priyadershini|date=6 May 2010|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=30 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="Leelaint">{{cite web|author=Din, Suleman|title=I got more than my share in my life|work=Rediff.com|date=25 May 2001|access-date=19 September 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/25usspec.htm|archive-date=10 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210010726/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/25usspec.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Lekin...'' was popular with critics<ref name="1990tribune"/> and Kapadia's performance in it earned her a third Filmfare nomination.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nominations – 1991 |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368596.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710182858/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368596.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 July 2012 |work=Filmfare |access-date=22 November 2012 }}</ref> Subhash K. Jha described Reva as "the essence of evanescence" and took note of the "intense tragedy" with which Kapadia played the part.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Sands of time |work=The Indian Express |date=3 November 1991 |page=2|quote=Trapped in the no-man's land is the spiritual named, Reva. Filmed in the golden expanses of the Rajasthani desert and played with intense tragedy by Dimple, the insubstantial character is the essence of evanescence ... ''Lekin'' is a deeply satisfying work of incandescent beauty.}}</ref>

Kapadia played a young widow in the military drama ''[[Prahaar: The Final Attack|Prahaar]]'' (1991), starring and directed by [[Nana Patekar]],<ref>{{cite news |title=On a Nana Patekar set |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11599/page/n241/mode/2up?q=dimple |access-date=13 June 2020 |work=The Illustrated Weekly of India |date=27 January 1991 |page=49}}</ref>{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1999|p=504}} with whom she would collaborate on several future projects.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Roshmila |title=Akshay deserves a National Award too, says Dimple |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/akshay-deserves-a-national-award-too-says-dimple/story-a2eK5H4s3HmzqmzABdGVEO.html |access-date=10 June 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 March 2010 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610144657/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/akshay-deserves-a-national-award-too-says-dimple/story-a2eK5H4s3HmzqmzABdGVEO.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kapadia and co-star [[Madhuri Dixit]] agreed to act without wearing makeup upon Patekar's insistence.<ref name="firstnana">{{cite news |last1=Rahman |first1=M. |title=Nana Patekar: Riveting persona |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19920131-after-successful-directorial-debut-nana-patekar-looks-to-broaden-his-cinematic-repertoire-765771-2013-06-27 |access-date=19 May 2020 |work=India Today |publisher=Living Media |date=31 January 1992 |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702070802/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19920131-after-successful-directorial-debut-nana-patekar-looks-to-broaden-his-cinematic-repertoire-765771-2013-06-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film impressed critics, who credited both actresses for their work, although most of the praise went to Patekar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Year of critically acclaimed films|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030119/spectrum/main4.htm|newspaper=The Sunday Tribune|date=19 January 2003|access-date=4 December 2011|author=Dhawan, M.L.|archive-date=9 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009180502/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030119/spectrum/main4.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Further critical attention came Kapadia's way when she played a principled office receptionist opposite Sunny Deol in the action film ''[[Narsimha (1991 film)|Narsimha]]''.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=7 September 2020 | archive-date=12 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015356/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19910712&printsec=frontpage&hl=en | first1=N. | last1=Krishnaswamy | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19910712&printsec=frontpage&hl=en | title=''Narsimha'' | work=The Indian Express | date=12 July 1991 | page=7 | quote=Dimple sizzles in some highly dramatic scenes. When she crosses swords with Om Puri at an office that the latter has come to visit, Chandra has been very much successful in pitting a self-respecting individual's sense of pride against the arrogance of a diabolical villain. | url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Derné|2000|p=69}} In ''[[Haque (film)|Haque]]'' (1991), a political drama directed by Harish Bhosle and scripted by Mahesh Bhatt, she played Varsha B. Singh, an [[Sanātanī|Orthodox Hindu]] woman who, after years of subservience, acts in defiance of her oppressive husband.{{sfn|Agnihotri|1992|p=160}} The author Ram Awatar Agnihotri noted Kapadia for a brave and convincing portrayal.{{sfn|Agnihotri|1992|p=161}} Kapadia starred alongside [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in the fantasy ''[[Ajooba]]'', a big-budgeted Indo-Russian co-production that was co-directed by [[Shashi Kapoor]] and [[Gennady Vasilyev]].{{sfn|Raj|2009|p=167}}<ref name="MintJha">{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Lata |title=Ten big-budget Bollywood box-office disasters |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/j0uwEr1EQbbKoB83ASpASK/Ten-bigbudget-Bollywood-boxoffice-disasters.html |access-date=19 November 2020 |newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |publisher=[[HT Media]] |date=28 September 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127003908/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/j0uwEr1EQbbKoB83ASpASK/Ten-bigbudget-Bollywood-boxoffice-disasters.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Based on [[Arabian mythology]] and set in the fictional Afghan kingdom Baharistan, the film saw her in the role of Rukhsana, a young woman who arrives from India to rescue her father from prison.{{sfn|Raj|2009|p=51}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chinn |first1=Bob |title=Reel Good Film Reviews |url=https://archive.org/details/Cult_Movies_38_c2c_Cult_Movies_2003_YZ1/page/n57/mode/2up?q=ajooba |access-date=1 September 2020 |work=Cult Movies |issue=38 |publisher=Cameo Distributors LLC |year=2003 |page=60}}</ref> The critical response to ''Ajooba'' was mediocre,<ref>{{cite magazine | access-date=19 May 2020 | archive-date=11 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611144939/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19910515-shashi-kapoor-concocts-cocktail-of-myth-magicin-ajooba-815317-1991-05-15 | author=Jain, Madhu | magazine=India Today | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19910515-shashi-kapoor-concocts-cocktail-of-myth-magicin-ajooba-815317-1991-05-15 | title=''Ajooba'': Fantastic fare | publisher=[[Living Media]] | date=31 May 1991 | volume=16 | page=82 | url-status=live}}</ref> and it failed to attract viewers in Indian cinemas against success in the Soviet Union.<ref name="MintJha"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salazkina |first1=Masha |title=Soviet-Indian Coproductions: Alibaba as Political Allegory |journal=[[Cinema Journal]] |date=12 September 2010 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=71–89 |doi=10.1353/CJ.2010.0002 |s2cid=73679525 |url=https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/978004/1/Soviet-Indian_coproductions_proofs.pdf#page=4 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127073413/https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/978004/1/Soviet-Indian_coproductions_proofs.pdf#page=4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The release of ''[[Maarg]]'', her second project under Mahesh Bhatt's direction, was delayed for several years before its [[straight-to-video]] release in late 1992.<ref name="illustratedmahesh"/> The film is about power politics within an [[ashram]] and features Kapadia as Uma, who works as a prostitute by choice.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=13 June 2020 | archive-date=13 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613092133/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19880715-hema-malini-latest-film-marg-reveals-power-politics-in-an-ashram-798270-1988-07-15 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19880715-hema-malini-latest-film-marg-reveals-power-politics-in-an-ashram-798270-1988-07-15 | title=Hema Malini's latest film ''Marg'' reveals power politics in an ashram | url-status=live | work=India Today | date=15 July 1988}}</ref> The critic Iqbal Masood considered it "a powerful satire" with "excellent performances".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masood |first1=Iqbal |title=The edge of mediocrity |work=[[The Indian Express|Sunday Magazine]] |page=3 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930110&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=10 January 1993 |access-date=13 June 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613091635/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930110&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Bhatt, Kapadia's role was so intense it left her close to a breakdown after filming ended.<ref name="illustratedmahesh"/> She next played Barkha, a single woman who abandons her newly born, out-of-wedlock daughter, in [[Hema Malini]]'s directorial debut ''[[Dil Aashna Hai]]'' (1992).{{sfn|Somaaya|2008}} In [[Shashilal K. Nair]]'s crime drama ''[[Angaar (1992 film)|Angaar]]'' (1992), Kapadia played Mili, a homeless orphan who is collected by an unemployed man (Jackie Shroff). ''Angaar'', and Kapadia's performance in it, received positive reviews from critics but it was financially unsuccessful. Meena Iyer of ''The Times of India'', who called it "one of the most engaging mafia films to have come out of Bollywood", attributed the film's limited audience to its subject matter.<ref>{{cite news |author1=PR |title=Tragic tail-spin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82hlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7 |work=The Indian Express |date=18 September 1992 |page=7 |quote=...there is so much to commend in this big-budget, multi-star, major production |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025006/https://books.google.com/books?id=82hlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=24 May 2011 | archive-date=24 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524200832/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Now-Angaar-to-be-remade-for-Abhishek/articleshow/10313559.cms?referral=PM | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Now-Angaar-to-be-remade-for-Abhishek/articleshow/10313559.cms | title=Now, ''Angaar'' to be remade for Abhishek? | date=12 October 2011 | agency=TNN | author=Iyer, Meena | url-status=live | newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

{{quote box
| align = left
| width = 31em
| quote = "The standard Indian commercial film gives an actor hardly a chance to act because it seeks to create a cardboard cut-out seen from a distance as in the open air rural stage; the gesture must be broad in order to be seen, the speech must be loud in order to be heard. Psychology of character cannot, must not, be created; to seem too real is to risk confusing, even alienating, the audience. Kapadia has enough experience of this convention to be able to use some of its elements and enough understanding of acting techniques to create a real person. She is thus able to make her Shanichari both larger than life and believable."
| source = —[[Chidananda Dasgupta]] from ''[[Cinemaya]]'' on Kapadia's performance in ''Rudaali'' (1993)<ref>{{cite news | author-link1=Chidananda Dasgupta |year=1993 | first1=Chidananda | last1=Dasgupta | title=''Rudali'' (''The Mourner'') | work=Cinemaya | pages=30–31}}</ref>
}}

In 1993, Kapadia won the [[National Film Award for Best Actress]] for her performance in ''Rudaali'', a drama that was directed by [[Kalpana Lajmi]] and adapted from [[Mahasweta Devi]]'s short story of the same name.{{sfn|Sabharwal|2007|p=250}}<ref name="dialog">{{cite journal |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Tutun |title=Of 'Text' and 'Texualities': Performing Mahasweta |journal=Dialog: A Bi-annual Interdisciplinary Journal |year=2010 |volume=19 |issue=Autumn |pages=1–20 |url=https://dialog.puchd.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PANJAB-UNIVERSITY-DIALOG-NO-19.pdf#page=9 |location=Department of English and Cultural Studies, Panjab University |issn=0975-4881 |archive-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208133725/https://dialog.puchd.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PANJAB-UNIVERSITY-DIALOG-NO-19.pdf#page=9 |url-status=live }}</ref> She played the central character Shanichari, a lonely, hardened Rajasthani village woman who, during a lifetime of misfortune, has never cried and is challenged with a new job as a [[Professional mourning|professional mourner]].{{sfnm|1a1=Gulzar|1a2=Nihalani|1a3=Chatterjee|1y=2003|1p=183|2a1=Siegel|2a2=Wing|2a3=Kenley|2a4=Levy|2y=2017|2p=83}} The citation for the award described her performance as a "compelling interpretation of the tribulations of a lonely woman ravaged by a cruel society".<ref name=NFA41>{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/77_40thNfacatalogue.pdf |title=40th National Film Awards |work=dff.nic.in |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=24 December 2011 |pages=40–41 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008114601/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm40thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=40NFA.pdf |year=1993|archive-date=8 October 2015 }}</ref> The Indologist [[Philip Lutgendorf]] argued that Kapadia's "dignity and conviction, as well as her effective body language and gestures, lift her character far beyond bathos".<ref>{{cite web | access-date=3 March 2021 | archive-date=5 August 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060805125525/https://uiowa.edu/~incinema/Rudaali.html | author1-link=Philip Lutgendorf | first1=Philip| last1=Lutgendorf | url=https://indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu/rudaali | title=''Rudaali''| publisher=[[University of Iowa]] | location=Iowa City, Iowa | url-status=live }}</ref> Among other accolades, she won the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress#Critics Award for Best Performance|Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance]] and was acknowledged with Best Actress honours at the [[Asia-Pacific Film Festival]] and the [[Damascus International Film Festival|International Film Festival in Damascus]].<ref name="damascusfest">{{cite web |title=Eighth Session |url=http://www.damascusfest.com/en/archive/details/9/Eighth+Session |website=damascusfest.com |publisher=Damascus International Film Festival |access-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915195339/http://www.damascusfest.com/en/archive/details/9/Eighth+Session |archive-date=15 September 2009}}</ref>{{sfn|Kumar|2002|p=172|ps=: "Bhupen Hazarika adjudged the best music director and Dimple Kapadia the best actress for 'Rudali' (Hindi) at Asia-Pacific International Film Festival Fukoaka, Japan"}} Critics and moviegoers accepted ''Rudaali'' with enthusiasm, and it was India's submission to the [[List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref name="dialog"/><ref>{{cite news | access-date=31 July 2020 | archive-date=31 December 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231184244/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Lqji0DYRZaGA3Mf7MOwTRM/India-sends-The-Good-Road-for-Best-Foreign-Film-Oscar.html | first1=Nandini | last1=Ramnath | url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Lqji0DYRZaGA3Mf7MOwTRM/India-sends-The-Good-Road-for-Best-Foreign-Film-Oscar.html | title=India sends ''The Good Road'' for best Foreign Film Oscar | url-status=live | work=Mint | date=21 September 2013}}</ref> In 2010, ''Filmfare'' magazine included Kapadia's work in the film in their list of "80 Iconic Performances".<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmfare|date=6 June 2010|access-date=29 December 2011|title=80 Iconic Performances 6/10|url=https://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-610-956.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506122601/http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-610-956.html|archive-date=6 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Gahlot|2015|pp=69–73}}

Another Filmfare nomination for Kapadia came that year for her supporting role as Shanti, a street prostitute whose husband and child were burnt alive, in the [[Priyadarshan]]-directed crime drama ''[[Gardish]]''.{{sfn|Ausaja|2009|p=213}} An adaptation of the 1989 Malayalam film ''[[Kireedam (1989 film)|Kireedam]]'', the film starred Jackie Shroff and [[Amrish Puri]] and was met with approval from critics and the public.{{sfn|Ausaja|2009|p=213}}<ref>{{cite news | author-link1=Mukul Kesavan | date=September–October 1993 | first1=Mukul | issue=78 | last1=Kesavan | title=''Gardish'' | work=Manushi | page=36}}</ref> ''The Indian Express'' praised the film's "script, vivid characters and powerful dialogues", and noted Kapadia's ability to command audience attention.<ref>{{cite news |author=PR |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19931001&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Keeps you seat-bound |page=6 |work=The Indian Express |date=1 October 1993 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608084530/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19931001&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mrinal Sen]]'s 1993 Bengali drama ''Antareen'', which was adapted from [[Saadat Hasan Manto]]'s short story ''Badshahat ka Khatama'' (1950),{{sfn|Hood|2000|p=443}} was Kapadia's first non-Hindi project since ''Vikram'' (1986).<ref name="crossover"/> She played an unhappily married woman who develops a telephonic relationship with a stranger ([[Anjan Dutt]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Hood|1y=2000|1p=146–147|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1999|2p=512}} Kapadia insisted on playing the role spontaneously and thus refused to enrol in a crash course in Bengali, believing she would manage to speak it convincingly.<ref name="IT93"/> Her voice was later dubbed by Anushua Chatterjee, a decision with which Kapadia was unhappy.<ref name="moody">{{cite news|author=Das Gupta, Ranjan|title=I am very moody|date=8 November 2009|access-date=23 December 2011|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/11/08/stories/2009110850060200.htm|archive-date=11 November 2009|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111132038/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/11/08/stories/2009110850060200.htm}}</ref> ''Antareen'' was well-received and was named the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali|Best Bengali Film]] at the [[41st National Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite news | access-date=19 July 2020 | archive-date=19 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719112244/https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/the-confined-1200438840/ | first1=David | last1=Rooney | url=https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/the-confined-1200438840/ | title=''The Confined'' | url-status=live | work=Variety | date=24 October 1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar Ghosh |first1=Swapan |title=Mrinal Sen's latest offering |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=1994 |pages=80–81 |quote=The taut screenplay has been brought alive on screen by Shashi Anand's camerawork, Mrinmoy Chakraborty's editing, Goutam Bose's design and Anjan Dutta's and Dimple Kapadia's acting.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=41st National Film Festival |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/76_41stNfacatalogue.pdf |website=dff.nic.in |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=15 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928072259/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm41thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=41NFA.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |date=1994|url-status=live |page=72, hi}}</ref> but Kapadia was dissatisfied with the outcome and dismissed it as a poor film.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=19 September 2011|date=8 June 2007|title=I want to laugh, really laugh!|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_i-want-to-laugh-really-laugh_1101957|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107013255/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_i-want-to-laugh-really-laugh_1101957|archive-date=7 November 2011}}</ref>

In 1994, in [[Mehul Kumar]]'s ''[[Krantiveer]]'', Kapadia portrayed the journalist Meghna Dixit, a rape victim who persuades an alcoholic, unemployed village man (Nana Patekar) to be a champion of justice for those around him.{{sfnm|1a1=Raj|1y=2014|1p=203|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1999|2p=520}} The film was a box-office success and became India's third-highest-grossing picture of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=200&catName=MTk5NA==|title=Box Office 1994|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=30 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017072451/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=200&catName=MTk5NA==|archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref> ''The Indian Express'' complimented Kapadia for having developed into a leading character actor with this film.<ref>{{cite news |author=PR |title=Patriotism and Patekar all the way |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940729&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=13 June 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=29 July 1994 |page=6 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613122636/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940729&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> For her performance, Kapadia received her fourth Filmfare Award, this time in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] category.<ref name=FA94>{{cite news |title=The Winners – 1994|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368623.cms|access-date=26 April 2020 |work=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708210526/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368623.cms|archive-date=8 July 2007}}</ref> A controversy arose in December 1993 when Kapadia walked out of [[Raj Kanwar]]'s ''[[Kartavya (1995 film)|Kartavya]]'', in which she played [[Divya Bharti]]'s mother in-law.<ref name="KartIE">{{cite news |last1=Tara Nayar |first1=Udaya |author1-link=Udaya Tara Nayar |title=Dimple, the spoilsport |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J39lAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA29 |access-date=29 April 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 December 1993}}</ref> Following Bharti's death in April 1993, almost midway through the shooting, she was replaced by [[Juhi Chawla]].<ref name="KartIE"/> Concerned that it would damage her career, Kapadia refused to play a mother in-law to Chawla, who is a decade her junior.<ref name="KartIE"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhowal |first1=Tiasa |title=Dimple Kapadia refused to play Juhi Chawla's mom-in-law in Kartavya. On Tuesday Trivia |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dimple-kapadia-refused-to-play-juhi-chawla-s-mom-in-law-in-kartavya-on-tuesday-trivia-1812426-2021-06-08 |access-date=29 April 2023 |work=India Today |date=8 June 2021 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429151854/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dimple-kapadia-refused-to-play-juhi-chawla-s-mom-in-law-in-kartavya-on-tuesday-trivia-1812426-2021-06-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Film Makers' Combine circulated a ban against Kapadia from signing any new projects;{{sfn|Trivedi|1994|p=69}} the ban was withdrawn in May 1994 when the Cine Artistes' Association intervened in support of Kapadia.{{sfn|Da Cunha|1995|p=203}}<ref>{{cite news |title=You asked it |url=https://filminformation.com/flash-back/flash-back-25-may-2019/ |access-date=29 April 2023 |work=Film Information |date=28 May 1994 |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126142840/https://filminformation.com/flash-back/flash-back-25-may-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Hiatus, setback and resurgence (1995–2008)===

After ''Antareen'', Kapadia was expected to work in more independent films but she took a three-year hiatus from acting, later saying she was "emotionally exhausted".<ref name="IT02"/> She returned to commercial cinema in 1997, playing Amitabh Bachchan's wife in ''[[Mrityudaata]]'' under Mehul Kumar's direction.<ref name="Rediffint">{{cite web|title=Mature beauty|author=Srinivasan, V. S.|work=Rediff.com|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/may/06dimp.htm|date=6 May 1998|access-date=19 September 2011|archive-date=2 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102114236/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/may/06dimp.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a critical and commercial failure; ''India Today'' panned its "comic book-level storytelling".<ref name="Rediffint"/><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Cosmic comedown|author=Chopra, Anupama|publisher=[[Living Media]]|magazine=India Today|volume=22|date=15 May 1997|page=100|access-date=19 May 2020|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970515-movie-review-mrityudaata-starring-amitabh-bachchan-dimple-kapadia-831373-1997-05-15|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610085036/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970515-movie-review-mrityudaata-starring-amitabh-bachchan-dimple-kapadia-831373-1997-05-15|url-status=live}}</ref> The trade journal ''Film Information'' said Kapadia had a role unworthy of her time, and Kapadia shared similar sentiments.<ref name="Rediffint"/><ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff.com|date=30 April 1997|access-date=4 December 2011|title=It is sad to see a middle-aged man trying to recapture the panache and elan that was his trademark in his heyday|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/apr/30abcl.htm|archive-date=30 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130154712/http://www.rediff.com/movies/apr/30abcl.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> She next acted opposite Jackie Shroff in the murder mystery ''[[2001: Do Hazaar Ek]]'' (1998) and the romantic drama ''[[Laawaris (1999 film)|Laawaris]]'' (1999), which were rejected by audiences.<ref>{{cite news |title=Box – Office |url=http://expressindia.com/screen/feb27/reviews2.htm |access-date=15 May 2020 |work=Screen |date=27 February 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980513044040/http://expressindia.com/screen/feb27/reviews2.htm |archive-date=13 May 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | access-date=11 January 2023 | archive-date=17 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617004645/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2448 | url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2448 | title=''Laawaris'' | publisher=Box Office India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | access-date=10 June 2020 | archive-date=10 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610084739/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2592 | url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2592 | title=''2001 – Do Hazaar Ek'' | url-status=live | publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> ''Laawaris'' was criticised for its formulaic script and lack of originality and, according to ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', did not allow Kapadia "much to do except scream".<ref>{{cite news | access-date=23 June 2020 | archive-date=23 October 1999 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991023025532/http://www.digitalht.com/bollywood/reviewslawaaris.htm | url=http://www.digitalht.com/bollywood/reviewslawaaris.htm | title=''Laawaris'' | work=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff.com|title=Déjà vu again|date=6 March 1999|access-date=5 December 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/06lawa.htm|author=Taliculam, Sharmila|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140540/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/06lawa.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In her final feature of the decade, ''[[Hum Tum Pe Marte Hain]]'' (1999), Kapadia played Devyani Chopra, the strict matriarch of a wealthy family.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=13 June 2020 | archive-date=13 October 1999 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991013004141/http://digitalht.com/bollywood/reviews.htm | first1=R. | last1=Vasudevan | url=http://digitalht.com/bollywood/reviews.htm | title=''Hum Tum Pe Marte Hain'' | work=Hindustan Times | date=1999 | agency=Digital}}</ref> Subhash K. Jha called the film an embarrassment while [[Suparn Verma]] gave a scathing review of Kapadia's performance, noting she "wears a permanent scowl" throughout the film.<ref name="Filmfare2001">{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmfare|title=Life is so unsure|author=Jha, Subhash K.|url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/oct2001/ivw5.html |date=October 2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525234252/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/oct2001/ivw5.html|archive-date=25 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff.com|title=A bad hangover|date=25 September 1999|access-date=5 December 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/sep/25hum.htm|author=Verma, Suparn|archive-date=7 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707014020/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/sep/25hum.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In her first film of the new millennium, Kapadia co-starred in [[Farhan Akhtar]]'s directorial debut ''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]'' (2001), which depicts the contemporary, routine life of Indian affluent youth, and focuses on a period of transition in the lives of three friends ([[Aamir Khan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Akshaye Khanna]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Dasgupta|1a2=Datta|1y=2018|1pp=72–74|2a1=Dwyer|2y=2005|2pp=71–72}} Kapadia played the role of Tara Jaiswal, a middle-aged alcoholic woman, an interior designer by profession, and a divorcee who is not allowed to meet her daughter.{{sfnm|1a1=Dasgupta|1a2=Datta|1y=2018|1p=73|2a1=Dwyer|2y=2005|2p=71}} The film presents her story through the character of Siddharth (Khanna), a much-younger man whom she befriends and who falls deeply in love with her.{{sfnm|1a1=Dasgupta|1a2=Datta|1y=2018|1p=73|2a1=Mazumdar|2y=2007|2p=146}} Akhtar wrote the part specifically for Kapadia, who later called it "a role to die for".<ref>{{cite news | access-date=23 August 2021 | archive-date=11 August 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811075828/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/farhan-akhtar-reveals-if-dimple-kapadia-had-rejected-dil-chahta-hai-he-was-ready-to-scrap-film-1839465-2021-08-11 | first1=Rishita | last1=Roy Chowdhury | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/farhan-akhtar-reveals-if-dimple-kapadia-had-rejected-dil-chahta-hai-he-was-ready-to-scrap-film-1839465-2021-08-11 | title=Farhan Akhtar reveals if Dimple Kapadia had rejected ''Dil Chahta Hai'', he was ready to scrap film | work=India Today | date=11 August 2021| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Filmfare2001"/> Critics lauded ''Dil Chahta Hai'' as a groundbreaking film for its realistic portrayal of India's modern society, and it won the Best Hindi Film award at the [[49th National Film Awards]].{{sfnm|1a1=Dasgupta|1a2=Datta|1y=2018|1pp=72–74|2a1=Dwyer|2y=2005|2pp=71–72|3a1=Mazumdar|3y=2007|3pp=143–144}} Commercially, it performed well in large cities but failed in the rural areas, which trade analysts attributed to the urban lifestyle depicted in it.{{sfnm|1a1=Dasgupta|1a2=Datta|1y=2018|1p=73|2a1=Gulzar|2a2=Nihalani|2a3=Chatterjee|2y=2003|2p=128}} [[Saibal Chatterjee]], in a review for ''Hindustan Times'', noted, "Dimple Kapadia, in a brief, somewhat underdeveloped role, presents a poignant study of loneliness".<ref>{{cite news | access-date=1 December 2011 | archive-date=9 February 2002 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020209150113/http://167.216.192.98/infotainment/cinema/reviews/bollywood/reviewsdch.shtml | url=http://167.216.192.98/infotainment/cinema/reviews/bollywood/reviewsdch.shtml | title=''Dil Chahta Hai'' | date=9 February 2002 | author=Chatterjee, Saibal | newspaper=Hindustan Times | author-link=Saibal Chatterjee}}</ref>

In 2002, Kapadia portrayed the title role in the drama ''[[Leela (2002 film)|Leela]]'', an American production that was directed by Somnath Sen and co-stars [[Deepti Naval]], Vinod Khanna and Amol Mhatre.{{sfn|Adarkar|2003|p=262}} Kapadia's part, which was written specially for her, is that of a forty-year-old, married [[Mumbai University]] professor who, after the death of her mother, loses her sense of happiness and takes a job as a visiting professor of [[Indology|South Asian studies]] in California.<ref name="IT02"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dinesh |first1=Chethana |title=Class apart |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov10/ent6.asp |access-date=3 June 2020 |work=[[Deccan Herald|Sunday Herald]] |date=10 November 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021201234128/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov10/ent6.asp |archive-date=1 December 2002}}</ref> The story follows Leela's acclimation to her new surroundings and her relationship with a young Indian-American man named Kris (Mhatre), one of her students. Kapadia was nervous during the making of the film but believed the tension helped elevate her acting.<ref name="Leelaint"/> The film was reviewed favourably by American critics,{{sfn|Adarkar|2003|p=262}}<ref>{{cite news | access-date=23 June 2020 | archive-date=14 November 2002 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021114132218/http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-leela,0,5358866.story | author-link1=Kevin Thomas (film critic) | date=8 November 2002 | first1=Kevin | last1=Thomas | url=http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-leela,0,5358866.story | title=''Leela'' a deft bicultural portrait | url-status=dead | work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=23 June 2020 | archive-date=4 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604081710/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/08/movies/film-in-review-leela.html | author-link1=Dave Kehr | date=8 November 2002 | first1=Dave | last1=Kehr | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/08/movies/film-in-review-leela.html | title=FILM IN REVIEW; ''Leela'' | url-status=live | work=The New York Times}}</ref> among whom [[Maitland McDonagh]] from ''[[TV Guide]]'' wrote: "Dimple Kapadia shines in this family melodrama ... [her] intelligent, nuanced performance is the film's highlight".<ref>{{cite magazine | access-date=19 September 2011 | archive-date=7 June 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607014523/http://movies.tvguide.com/leela/review/136316 | title=''Leela'': Review | author=McDonagh, Maitland | magazine=[[TV Guide]] | url=http://movies.tvguide.com/leela/review/136316 | url-status=live | year=2002}}</ref> Reviews in India were similarly approving of ''Leela'' and Kapadia's work.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=19 September 2011 | archive-date=11 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211043246/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/15/stories/2002111501040203.htm | author-link=Ziya Us Salam | url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/15/stories/2002111501040203.htm | title=''Leela'' | date=15 November 2002 | author=Us Salam, Ziya | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=9 June 2020 | archive-date=1 December 2002 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021201212255/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov10/filmr.asp | first1=Chethana | last1=Dinesh | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov10/filmr.asp | title=''Leela'' | work=[[Deccan Herald]] | date=10 November 2002}}</ref>

Kapadia played the lead role of army wife Sandra Williams, whose palatial household becomes plagued by eerie occurrences, in ''[[Hum Kaun Hai?]]'' (2004), a supernatural thriller. The film opened to a mixed critical reception, but critics agreed Kapadia's performance and charismatic presence enhance an otherwise weak script.<ref>{{cite magazine | access-date=30 December 2011 | archive-date=10 September 2004 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040910000321/http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/843650.cms | magazine=Filmfare | url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/articleshow/843650.cms | title=''Hum Kaun Hain'' | date=5 September 2004 | author=Jha, Subhash K. | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Tribune|author=Sharma, Rama|date=5 September 2004|access-date=30 December 2011 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040905/cth2.htm#9 |title=Enthralling suspense thriller |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113223819/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040905/cth2.htm#9|archive-date=13 January 2013}}</ref> A year later, Kapadia and Rishi Kapoor reunited as a lead couple for the third time after ''Bobby'' and ''Saagar'' in ''[[Pyaar Mein Twist]]'', starring as middle-aged single parents who fall in love and are subsequently confronted with the reaction of their children.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Telegraph|author=Mitra, Mandira|title=Where, where?|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050909/asp/etc/story_5200771.asp|date=9 September 2005|access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821165409/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050909/asp/etc/story_5200771.asp|archive-date=21 August 2014}}</ref> The film generated mostly negative reviews but critics concurred the chemistry between the lead pair was enough of a reason to watch it, acknowledging the nostalgic value of the pairing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Give nostalgia a chance|author=Us Salam, Ziya |date=4 September 2005|access-date=6 December 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/04/stories/2005090415460200.htm |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517083357/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/04/stories/2005090415460200.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=17 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|author=Mohamed, Khalid|date=3 September 2005|access-date=6 December 2011|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_jhooth-bole-bobby-kaate_1138|title=''Jhooth bole Bobby kaate?''}}</ref> Few people went to see the film; within two weeks it was declared a failure.<ref>{{cite web|work=Rediff.com|title=Chocolate, James sink at the box office|date=20 September 2005|accessdate=6 December 2011|author=Kuckian, Uday|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2005/sep/20box.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821175232/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2005/sep/20box.htm|archivedate=21 August 2014}}</ref> In 2016, scholar Afreen Khan cited Kapadia's character as a departure from the conventional portrayal of mothers in Hindi films, believing her role to be a modern mother whom daughters dream of having.<ref name="Madhya">{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Afreen |title=Hindi Cinema: Changing Portrayal of Female Characters |journal=Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences |date=1 December 2016 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=46–64 |url=https://mpissr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/MPJSS-Dec-2016.pdf#page=52 |issn=0973-855X |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028214222/https://mpissr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/MPJSS-Dec-2016.pdf#page=52 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2006, Kapadia co-starred with Saif Ali Khan and [[Naseeruddin Shah]] in the black comedy ''[[Being Cyrus]]'', an English-language independent feature and the directorial debut of [[Homi Adajania]], who would often cast her in his future endeavours.{{sfnm|1a1=Mazumdar|1y=2010|1p=162|2a1=Murali|2y=2017|2p=299}} Kapadia played Katy Sethna, Shah's neurotic and unfaithful wife who has an affair with Cyrus (Khan), a young drifter who enters their house as an assistant.{{sfn|Mazumdar|2010|p=162}} The film was well received at a number of film festivals before its theatrical release in India,<ref>{{cite news |title=Out-of-the-box drama |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/out-of-the-box-drama/37317/ |access-date=11 June 2020 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=19 March 2006 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611134830/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/out-of-the-box-drama/37317/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tolani |first1=Pooja |title=Their first time |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/their-first-time/cid/970745 |access-date=11 June 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=14 April 2006 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611134832/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/their-first-time/cid/970745 |url-status=live }}</ref> upon which it was embraced by critics and audiences, making a considerable profit against its small budget.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha Walunjkar |first1=Somashukla |last2=Tarafdar |first2=Suman |title=Small is Bountiful |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/small-is-bountiful/171188/ |access-date=11 June 2020 |work=The Financial Express |date=16 July 2006 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015405/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/small-is-bountiful/171188/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=11 June 2020 | archive-date=12 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015404/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/munnabhai-basanti-big-at-star-127482 | first1=Nyay | last1=Bhushan | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/munnabhai-basanti-big-at-star-127482 | title=''Munnabhai'', ''Basanti'' big at STAR nods | url-status=live | work=The Hollywood Reporter | date=9 January 2007}}</ref> The [[BBC]]'s Poonam Joshi stated, "the descent into despair of Dimple Kapadia's Katy is enthralling"<ref>{{cite web | access-date=7 December 2011 | archive-date=30 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930095542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/03/24/being_cyrus_2006_review.shtml | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/03/24/being_cyrus_2006_review.shtml | title=''Being Cyrus'' (2006) | url-status=live | publisher=[[BBC]] | date=19 March 2006 | author=Joshi, Poonam}}</ref> but other critics, including [[Derek Elley]] from ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' and Shradha Sukumaran from ''[[Mid-Day]]'', criticised her for excessively overacting.<ref name="elley">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|author=Elley, Derek|author-link=Derek Elley|date=30 March 2006|access-date=7 December 2011|title=''Being Cyrus''|url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/being-cyrus-1200517323/|archive-date=22 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822121800/http://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/being-cyrus-1200517323/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Sukumaran, Shradha|url=http://www.mid-day.com/smd/2006/mar/133830.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903155542/http://www.mid-day.com/smd/2006/mar/133830.htm|archive-date=3 September 2012|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|date=26 March 2006|access-date=9 December 2011|title=Good start}}</ref> In the mystical love story ''[[Banaras (2006 film)|Banaras]]'' (2006), Kapadia played a wealthy [[Brahmin]] woman whose daughter falls in love with a man of a [[Caste system in India|lower caste]].<ref>{{cite news | access-date=18 May 2020 | archive-date=2 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702165847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/Banaras-A-Mystic-Love-Story/articleshow/1484313.cms | first1=Nitin | last1=Nambiar | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/Banaras-A-Mystic-Love-Story/articleshow/1484313.cms | title=''Banaras – A Mystic Love Story'' | url-status=live | work=The Times of India | date=10 April 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=11 June 2020 | archive-date=10 April 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410105713/http://ww1.mid-day.com/hitlist/2006/april/134791.htm | first1=Sarita | last1=Tanwar | url=http://ww1.mid-day.com/hitlist/2006/april/134791.htm | title=Film review: ''Banaras'' | work=[[Mid-Day]] | date=8 April 2006}}</ref>

[[File:Dimple kapadia 54.jpg|thumb|Kapadia at the Sansui Television Awards in 2008|alt=Kapadia at an event]]

[[V. K. Prakash]]'s romance ''[[Phir Kabhi]]'' (2008) stars Kapadia and Mithun Chakraborty as ageing people who meet at a school reunion and rekindle their high-school romance. The film was awarded seven prizes, including the Best Film Award in the Narrative Feature section, at the Los Angeles Reel Film Festival.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=25 April 2020 | archive-date=3 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703033742/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/iphir-kabhii-gets-international-award/673843 | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/iphir-kabhii-gets-international-award/673843 | title=''Phir Kabhi'' Gets International Award | url-status=live | work=Outlook | date=1 February 2010}}</ref> It was released direct-to-video a year later and was simultaneously distributed via [[pay-per-view]] [[Satellite television|direct-to-home]] (DTH) services, becoming the first Hindi film to premier on streaming media platforms.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=25 April 2020 | archive-date=2 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702132327/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/phir-kabhi-to-release-directly-on-dth-home-video/story-WilMIsEFejfMhgC2H415GK.html | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/phir-kabhi-to-release-directly-on-dth-home-video/story-WilMIsEFejfMhgC2H415GK.html | title=''Phir Kabhi'' to release directly on DTH, Home Video | work=Hindustan Times | date=21 August 2009 | agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |title=Time after time |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/time-after-time/518810/ |access-date=19 May 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=19 September 2009 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015404/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/time-after-time/518810/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the request of her son-in-law Akshay Kumar, Kapadia voiced the character Devi, the mother of the elephant Jumbo (Kumar), in the animated feature ''[[Jumbo (2008 film)|Jumbo]]'' (2008), a remake of the 2006 Thai computer animation ''[[Khan Kluay]]''.<ref name="lucky09">{{cite news|author=Das Gupta, Ranjan|date=9 January 2009|access-date=7 December 2011|title=Lucky once again|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/01/09/stories/2009010950110300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602034123/http://hindu.com/cp/2009/01/09/stories/2009010950110300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=2 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=23 June 2020 | archive-date=6 June 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606235208/https://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/dec/081208-Kompin-Kemgumnird-Khan-Kluay-Akshay-Kumar-Lara-Dutta-Jumbo-Bollywood-Filmy-Adlabs.htm | first1=Amul | last1=Sharma | url=https://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/dec/081208-Kompin-Kemgumnird-Khan-Kluay-Akshay-Kumar-Lara-Dutta-Jumbo-Bollywood-Filmy-Adlabs.htm | title=Akshay Kumar's ''Jumbo'' is official remake of Thai movie | work=[[Mid-Day]] | date=8 December 2008}}</ref>

===Recognition for character roles (2009–2014)===

Kapadia was cast in [[Zoya Akhtar]]'s first directorial venture ''[[Luck by Chance]]'' (2009), a satirical take on the Hindi film industry.{{sfn|Bose |2017 |pp=217–218}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Genzlinger |first1=Neil |author-link1=Neil Genzlinger |title=A Bollywood Satire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/30/movies/30luck.html?ref=movies |access-date=10 June 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=29 January 2009 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124105922/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/30/movies/30luck.html?ref=movies |url-status=live }}</ref> She played Neena Walia, an erstwhile superstar—referred to in the film as "a crocodile in a chiffon saree"—who struggles to launch her young daughter into the movie business.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=9 December 2011 | archive-date=20 July 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720082725/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=76&contentid=20090130200901302044304630061598&sectxslt= | url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=76&contentid=20090130200901302044304630061598&sectxslt= | title=''Luck By Chance'': Show (you) must go on | date=30 January 2009 | author=Shekhar, Mayank | newspaper=[[Bangalore Mirror]] | url-status=dead}}</ref> Kapadia was approached for the part because it required an actress who had been a mainstream star in the past. Akhtar noted Kapadia's edgy portrayal of the character's fickle nature, saying Kapadia is "all warm, soft sunshine and then there's a flip and she's hard, cold, steely".<ref>{{cite news | access-date=29 May 2020 | archive-date=13 December 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213025325/http://www.mid-day.com/specials/2009/jan/040109-Zoya-Akthar-Luck-By-Chance-Scriptwriters-Mumbai-Play-Bollywood.htm | first1=Shradha | last1=Sukumaran | url=http://www.mid-day.com/specials/2009/jan/040109-Zoya-Akthar-Luck-By-Chance-Scriptwriters-Mumbai-Play-Bollywood.htm | title=Zoya Akhtar on ''Luck by Chance'' | url-status=dead | work=[[Mid-Day]] | date=4 January 2009}}</ref> ''Luck By Chance'' opened to a warm critical response, though its financial income was modest.{{sfn|Bose |2017 |pp=217–218}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Devi Dundoo, Sangeetha|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/02/13/stories/2009021350230100.htm|date=13 February 2009|access-date=9 December 2011|title=Goodwill hunting for a hit|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218064848/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/02/13/stories/2009021350230100.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=18 February 2009}}</ref> Critics were appreciative of Kapadia's performance, which earned her a Best Supporting Actress nomination at Filmfare.{{sfn|Singh|2014|p=52}} Deepa Karmalkar from ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' characterised her role as "gloriously bitchy"<ref>{{cite magazine | access-date=9 December 2011 | archive-date=11 September 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911065614/http://www.screenindia.com/news/luckbychancehindi/419189/ | magazine=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] | url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/luckbychancehindi/419189/ | title=''Luck By Chance'' (Hindi) | date=6 February 2009 | author=Karmalkar, Deepa | url-status=dead}}</ref> while Avijit Ghosh of ''The Times of India'' believed Kapadia had delivered "one of her most nuanced performances" in a character he found to be "a rare kind of Hindi film mother" who is "hawk-eyed, tough as nails but vainglorious, and in a strange way, vulnerable as well".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Avijit |title=Mother India? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Mother-India/articleshow/4504427.cms |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=10 March 2009 |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710193414/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Mother-India/articleshow/4504427.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2010, Kapadia played the small part of [[Salman Khan]]'s asthmatic mother in action comedy ''[[Dabangg]]'', which was the most popular film of the year in India and the [[List of highest-grossing Hindi films|second-highest grossing Hindi film of all-time]] up to that point.<ref>{{cite web | access-date=7 December 2011 | archive-date=3 June 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603180855/http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3327&nCat=box_office_news | url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3327&nCat=box_office_news | title=''ZNMD'' Amongst All Time Top Ten Worldwide Grossers | date=17 August 2011 | publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>{{sfn|Ganti|2012|p=363|ps=: "An even more intriguing instance of nostalgia is manifest in ''Dabangg'' (Fearless), which was the biggest hit of 2010."}} Reviews for Kapadia's role were varied; Blessy Chettiar of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' likened her character to "the mothers in Hindi cinema of yore, self-sacrificing, torn between relationships, slightly over-the-top, likeable nevertheless".<ref>{{cite news | access-date=30 December 2011 | archive-date=12 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112015351/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/dabangg/680036/ | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/dabangg/680036/ | title=''Dabangg'' | date=10 September 2010 | author=Gupta, Shubhra | newspaper=The Indian Express | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=7 May 2020 | archive-date=21 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621011054/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-dabangg-is-an-out-and-out-entertainer-1436258 | first1=Blessy | last1=Chettiar | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-dabangg-is-an-out-and-out-entertainer-1436258 | title=Review: ''Dabangg'' is an out-and-out entertainer | url-status=live | work=Daily News and Analysis | date=10 September 2010}}</ref> Next followed ''[[Tum Milo Toh Sahi]]'' (2010), a romantic comedy which stars Kapadia as Delshad Nanji, a [[Parsi]] woman in charge of an [[Irani café]] whose business is under threat from developers and who falls in love with the lawyer (Nana Patekar) who represents her in court. Kapadia adopted a Parsi accent for the role and while preparing for it, visited several Irani cafés in Mumbai to adapt to the character's cultural milieu.<ref name="tmtdibn">{{cite web | access-date=30 December 2011 | archive-date=21 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821163453/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/first-cut-tum-milo-toh-sahi/112536-47.html | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/first-cut-tum-milo-toh-sahi/112536-47.html | title=First Cut: ''Tum Milo ...'' saved by Nana-Dimple | publisher=IBN Live | date=1 April 2010 | author=Parande, Shweta | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 April 2010|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2010/04/02/stories/2010040250220800.htm|access-date=10 December 2011|title=Plays the stewardess|agency=Bollywood News Service|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608055056/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2010/04/02/stories/2010040250220800.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=8 June 2010}}</ref> The film opened to average reviews but Kapadia's performance received generally positive feedback.<ref name="tmtdibn"/><ref>{{cite news | access-date=30 December 2011 | archive-date=20 May 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520231703/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/apr/030410-Tum-Milo-Toh-Sahi-Movies-Review.htm | url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/apr/030410-Tum-Milo-Toh-Sahi-Movies-Review.htm | title=''Tum Milo Toh Sahi'' – Movie Review | date=3 April 2010 | author=Joshi, Tushar | newspaper=[[Mid-Day]] | url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[Anupama Chopra]], the character of Delshad "veers into caricature" but Kapadia "plays her with affection and energy and at least has some fun doing it".<ref>{{cite web | access-date=30 December 2011 | archive-date=23 October 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023025829/https://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-reviews-tum-milo-toh-sahi-498 | author-link=Anupama Chopra | url=https://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/anupama-chopra-reviews-tum-milo-toh-sahi-498 | title=Review: ''Tum Milo Toh Sahi'' | publisher=[[NDTV]] | date=2 April 2010 | author=Chopra, Anupama | url-status=dead}}</ref> In her only film of 2011, Kapadia was cast as Rishi Kapoor's wife and her son in-law Akshay Kumar's mother in [[Nikhil Advani]]'s ''[[Patiala House (film)|Patiala House]]'', a sports film revolving around cricket.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=10 June 2020 | archive-date=12 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015406/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/patiala-house/748930/ | first1=Shubhra | last1=Gupta | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/patiala-house/748930/ | title=''Patiala House'' | url-status=live | work=The Indian Express | date=11 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=30 December 2011 | archive-date=31 December 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231094542/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Patiala-House/movie-review/7476943.cms | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Patiala-House/movie-review/7476943.cms | title=''Patiala House'' | date=11 February 2011 | author=Kazmi, Nikhat | newspaper=The Times of India | url-status=live}}</ref> 

Kapadia collaborated again with Homi Adajania in ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]'' (2012) and ''[[Finding Fanny]]'' (2014), both critical and commercial successes.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=20 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620164247/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/after-hits-like-cocktail-and-finding-fanny-deepika-homi-join-hands-for-a-cause/story-G4MkYnHo6WfTvyI9Pmbj1H.html | first1=Jigar | last1=Shah | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/after-hits-like-cocktail-and-finding-fanny-deepika-homi-join-hands-for-a-cause/story-G4MkYnHo6WfTvyI9Pmbj1H.html | title=After hits like ''Cocktail'' and ''Finding Fanny'', Deepika-Homi join hands for a cause | url-status=live | work=Hindustan Times | date=14 December 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|Murali|2017|p=293–296}} ''Cocktail'', a romantic comedy, saw her play Saif Ali Khan's loud Punjabi mother, Kavita Kapoor, an appearance to which Aniruddha Guha of ''Daily News and Analysis'' referred as a "veritable treat".<ref>{{cite news | access-date=10 June 2020 | archive-date=10 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610222519/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dimple-missing-from-cocktail-promotions/articleshow/21348874.cms | first1=Sonal | last1=Chawla | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dimple-missing-from-cocktail-promotions/articleshow/21348874.cms | title=Dimple missing from ''Cocktail'' promotions | url-status=live | work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] | date=12 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=4 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704030600/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aniruddha-guha-reviews-cocktail-is-a-heady-mix-of-humour-and-romance-1714738 | first1=Aniruddha | last1=Guha | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aniruddha-guha-reviews-cocktail-is-a-heady-mix-of-humour-and-romance-1714738 | title=Aniruddha Guha reviews: ''Cocktail'' is a heady mix of humour and romance | url-status=live | work=Daily News and Analysis | date=13 July 2012}}</ref> While filming ''Cocktail'', Adajania shared the script of the satirical road movie ''Finding Fanny'' with Kapadia. Believing he is a director capable of bringing the best in her, she expressed keen interest in the project.<ref name="prosthetic">{{cite news |last1=Dubey |first1=Bharati |title=Censors wanted to see me in bikini, but since I had a skirt on, they cut the scene: Dimple |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/censors-wanted-to-see-me-in-bikini-but-since-i-had-a-skirt-on-they-cut-the-scene-dimple/15562187 |access-date=20 April 2020 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=28 August 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321150805/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/censors-wanted-to-see-me-in-bikini-but-since-i-had-a-skirt-on-they-cut-the-scene-dimple/15562187 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was cast as Rosalina "Rosie" Eucharistica, a conceited-but-well-meaning woman who joins her late son's widow ([[Deepika Padukone]]) on a road trip across Goa.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=20 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620083115/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/finding-fanny-review/article6404665.ece | first1=Anuj | last1=Kumar | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/finding-fanny-review/article6404665.ece | title=''Finding fanny'': Lost and found | url-status=live | work=The Hindu | date=12 September 2014}}</ref> Kapadia was required to wear a heavy prosthetic posterior for the role, and her portrayal earned her a fourth Best Supporting Actress nomination at Filmfare.<ref name="prosthetic"/> Rachel Saltz of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote Kapadia "inhabits and enhances her role" and "steers clear of caricature and even milks some humor out of the unfunny script".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saltz |first1=Rachel |title=Searching for the Object of a Mailman's Longing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/12/movies/finding-fanny-a-bollywood-comedy-with-dimple-kapadia.html |access-date=27 April 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=11 September 2014 |archive-date=13 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413010224/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/12/movies/finding-fanny-a-bollywood-comedy-with-dimple-kapadia.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2013, Kapadia was the protagonist in the comedy ''[[What the Fish]]'', portraying Sudha Mishra, an irate Delhi-based divorcee who begrudgingly entrusts her niece with taking care of her house while she is away.<ref>{{cite news |title=A wtf! Watch with Dimple as the sole saving grace |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/a-wtf-watch-with-dimple-as-the-sole-saving-grace/cid/230312 |access-date=10 June 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=14 December 2013 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610124208/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/a-wtf-watch-with-dimple-as-the-sole-saving-grace/cid/230312 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kapadia was enthusiastic about the part, feeling challenged to play its different traits.<ref name="Geety"/> Reviews of both the film and Kapadia's work were mixed. ''The Times of India'' panned the film's script for making "Kapadia's tryst with comedy seem loud and forced", and Raja Sen deemed her part the most forgettable of her career.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=10 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710074833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/what-the-fish/movie-review/27248183.cms | author1=TNN | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/what-the-fish/movie-review/27248183.cms | title=''What the Fish'' Movie Review | work=The Times of India | url-status=live | date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=21 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921175612/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-what-the-fish-is-a-huge-letdown/20131213.htm | first1=Raja | last1=Sen | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-what-the-fish-is-a-huge-letdown/20131213.htm | title=Review: ''What The Fish'' is a huge letdown | url-status=live | work=Rediff.com | date=13 December 2013}}</ref> Sarita A. Tanwar of ''Daily News and Analysis'' considered the film "a rather audacious entertaining attempt" and said Kapadia was "in top form", and similarly positive comments were written by Subhash K. Jha.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=18 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318081326/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-review-what-the-fish-presents-dimple-kapadia-in-top-form-1934543 | first1=Sarita A. | last1=Tanwar | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-review-what-the-fish-presents-dimple-kapadia-in-top-form-1934543 | title=Film Review: ''What The Fish'' presents Dimple Kapadia in top form | url-status=live | work=Daily News and Analysis | date=13 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=14 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114205916/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/what-the-fish-movie-review-906 | first1=Subhash K.| last1= Jha | url=https://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/what-the-fish-movie-review-906 | title=''What The Fish'' movie review| publisher=[[NDTV]] | date=12 September 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Limited work, ''Tenet'' and beyond (2015–present)===

[[File:DimpleKapadia2018.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|Kapadia in 2018|alt=Kapadia looking at the camera]]

Over the rest of the decade, Kapadia returned to film twice for minor roles in the action comedies ''[[Welcome Back (film)|Welcome Back]]'' (2015) and ''[[Dabangg 3]]'' (2019). She played a conwoman in [[Anees Bazmee]]'s ''Welcome Back'' along with an ensemble cast led by Anil Kapoor and Nana Patekar.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=11 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611165204/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/welcome-back-movie-review-john-abraham-anil-kapoor-nana-patekar-make-way-for-the-bhais-just-for-laughs-welcome-back-review-release-261148-2015-09-04 | first1=Ananya | last1=Bhattacharya | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/welcome-back-movie-review-john-abraham-anil-kapoor-nana-patekar-make-way-for-the-bhais-just-for-laughs-welcome-back-review-release-261148-2015-09-04 | title=''Welcome Back'' movie review: The Bhais and the laughs are back | url-status=live | work=India Today | date=4 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=6 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506223801/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/welcome-back-review-the-film-is-overlong-over-plotted-and-unmistakably-silly-1073667.html | first1=Rajeev | last1=Masand | url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/welcome-back-review-the-film-is-overlong-over-plotted-and-unmistakably-silly-1073667.html | title=''Welcome Back'' review: The film is overlong, over-plotted and unmistakably silly | date=4 September 2015 | url-status=live | publisher=News18}}</ref> ''Dabangg 3'', the third instalment of the [[Dabangg (film series)|''Dabangg'' film series]], saw her briefly reprise the role of Naina Devi.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=27 April 2020 | archive-date=2 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702135402/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/dimple-kapadia-to-return-as-chulbul-pandey-s-mom-in-salman-khan-s-dabangg-3/story-rpxhezJoKPuvPWjyahahvN.html | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/dimple-kapadia-to-return-as-chulbul-pandey-s-mom-in-salman-khan-s-dabangg-3/story-rpxhezJoKPuvPWjyahahvN.html | title=Dimple Kapadia to return as Chulbul Pandey's mom in Salman Khan's ''Dabangg 3'' | url-status=live | work=Hindustan Times | date=29 May 2019}}</ref> In her first film of the 2020s, Kapadia appeared alongside [[Irrfan Khan]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] in the comedy-drama ''[[Angrezi Medium]]'' (2020), her fourth project under Homi Adajania's direction. A [[spiritual sequel]] to the 2017 film ''[[Hindi Medium]]'', it was theatrically released in India on 13 March amid the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], which affected its commercial performance due to the closing of cinemas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Priyanka |title=Irrfan Khan is the best thing about a confused film that's about two-halves and two ideas |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/bollywood/angrezi-medium-irrfan-khan-is-the-best-thing-about-a-confused-film-thats-about-two-halves-and-two-ideas/cid/1753465 |access-date=11 June 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=13 March 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611154341/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/bollywood/angrezi-medium-irrfan-khan-is-the-best-thing-about-a-confused-film-thats-about-two-halves-and-two-ideas/cid/1753465 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="release date">{{cite news | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=18 February 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218214832/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/angrezi-medium-to-release-a-week-earlier-on-march-13-gunjan-saxena-delayed-for-a-month-1647277-2020-02-17 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/angrezi-medium-to-release-a-week-earlier-on-march-13-gunjan-saxena-delayed-for-a-month-1647277-2020-02-17 | title=''Angrezi Medium'' to release a week earlier on March 13 | work=India Today | date=17 February 2020 | url-status=live}}</ref> Initial plans for a re-release were cancelled and the film was made available digitally less than a month later.<ref name="hotstar">{{cite web | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=28 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428082915/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/irrfan-khan-s-angrezi-medium-premieres-online-after-being-pulled-out-from-theatres-due-to-lockdown/story-MtvgOQQh3aM74ZPZr3fjWN.html | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/irrfan-khan-s-angrezi-medium-premieres-online-after-being-pulled-out-from-theatres-due-to-lockdown/story-MtvgOQQh3aM74ZPZr3fjWN.html | title=Irrfan Khan's ''Angrezi Medium'' premieres online after being pulled out from theatres due to lockdown | url-status=live | work=Hindustan Times | date=6 April 2020}}</ref> Kapadia played a strict store owner estranged from her daughter (Kapoor), a role Vinayak Chakravorty of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' thought was "used to highlight loneliness among the aged" but believed could have been stronger.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=21 April 2020 | archive-date=10 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610030633/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/angrezi-medium-irrfan-deepak-dobriyal-shine-in-aimless-film-ians-review-rating---amp-12-/1759032 | author-link=Vinayak Chakravorty | date=12 March 2020 | first1=Vinayak | last1=Chakravorty | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/angrezi-medium-irrfan-deepak-dobriyal-shine-in-aimless-film-ians-review-rating---amp-12-/1759032 | title=''Angrezi Medium'': Irrfan, Deepak Dobriyal shine in aimless film | url-status=live | work=Outlook}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=21 April 2020 | archive-date=26 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426082306/http://theasianchronicle.com/movie-review-angrezi-medium/ | first1=Karamvir | last1=Kamal | url=http://theasianchronicle.com/movie-review-angrezi-medium/ | title=Movie Review: ''Angrezi Medium'' | url-status=live | work=The Asian Chronicle | date=22 March 2020}}</ref>

Kapadia next played arms dealer Priya Singh in [[Christopher Nolan]]'s spy thriller ''[[Tenet|Tenet]]''.<ref name="Roeper">{{cite news | access-date=27 August 2020 | archive-date=28 August 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828040004/https://chicago.suntimes.com/movies-and-tv/2020/8/26/21403010/tenet-review-christopher-nolan-john-david-washington-movie | author-link=Richard Roeper | url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/movies-and-tv/2020/8/26/21403010/tenet-review-christopher-nolan-john-david-washington-movie | title=''Tenet'' a mind-bending blast in a time zone of its own | work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] | date=26 August 2020 | last=Roeper | first=Richard | url-status=live}}</ref> Her screen test for the role was shot in 2019 by Adajania before filming for ''Angrezi Medium'' began, followed by an audition for Nolan in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=19 May 2020 | archive-date=22 February 2020 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20200222010415/https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/dimples-tenet/ | first1=Rajeev | last1=Masand | url=https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/dimples-tenet/ | title=Dimple's ''Tenet'' | url-status=live | work=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open]] | date=21 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=11 December 2020 | archive-date=29 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529093609/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/dimple-kapadia-had-never-auditioned-for-christopher-nolans-tenet-until-now/21001171 | first1=Mohar | last1=Basu | url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/dimple-kapadia-had-never-auditioned-for-christopher-nolans-tenet-until-now/21001171 | title='Dimple Kapadia had never auditioned for Christopher Nolan's ''Tenet'' until now' | work=[[Mid-Day]] | date=24 May 2019}}</ref> Impressed with her charisma and poise, Nolan cast Kapadia in the part, believing she thoroughly embodied his vision of the character.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=12 December 2020 | archive-date=12 December 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212094435/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/hollywood/story/dimple-s-charisma-and-poise-was-what-i-wanted-for-tenet-says-nolan-to-twinkle-1748561-2020-12-11 | first1=Jyoti | last1=Kanyal | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/hollywood/story/dimple-s-charisma-and-poise-was-what-i-wanted-for-tenet-says-nolan-to-twinkle-1748561-2020-12-11 | title=Dimple Kapadia's charisma and poise was what I wanted for ''Tenet'', says Nolan to Twinkle | url-status=live | work=India Today | date=11 December 2020}}</ref> The film opened amid the pandemic to a worldwide audience and, having grossed $364{{nbsp}}million worldwide, became the [[2020 in film#Highest-grossing films|fifth-highest-grossing film of 2020]].<ref>{{cite news | access-date=2 September 2020 | archive-date=2 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902030338/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/08/31/tenet-debut-boxoffice-pandemic/ | first1=Steven | last1=Zeitchik | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/08/31/tenet-debut-boxoffice-pandemic/ | title=Millions come to see ''Tenet'', bolstering hope theaters will survive the pandemic | date=31 August 2020 | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2020/?ref_=bo_cso_table_1 |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026193726/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2020/?ref_=bo_cso_table_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Critics reacted positively to her performance;<ref name="foray">{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Priyanka |title=Dream Foray |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/dream-foray-dimple-kapadia-speaks-about-making-her-big-hollywood-debut/cid/1798932 |access-date=30 November 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=29 November 2020 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130053849/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/dream-foray-dimple-kapadia-speaks-about-making-her-big-hollywood-debut/cid/1798932 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Richard Roeper]] of ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' wrote Kapadia "quietly steals every scene she's in" and Guy Lodge of ''Variety'' said she had given the film's "wiliest performance".<ref name="Roeper"/><ref>{{cite news | access-date=27 August 2020 | archive-date=24 August 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824061913/https://variety.com/2020/film/reviews/tenet-review-christopher-nolan-1234742936/ | url=https://variety.com/2020/film/reviews/tenet-review-christopher-nolan-1234742936/ | title=''Tenet'' Review: Christopher Nolan's Grandly Entertaining, Time-Slipping Spectacle Is a Futuristic Throwback | work=Variety | date=21 August 2020 | last=Lodge | first=Guy | url-status=live}}</ref> Having admitted to being a reluctant actor for years, Kapadia credited ''Tenet'' with restoring her passion for film acting.<ref name="foray"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bansal |first1=Ravi |title=It was a beautiful dream for me: Dimple Kapadia on Christopher Nolan's ''Tenet'' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/it-was-a-beautiful-dream-for-me-dimple-kapadia-on-christopher-nolans-tenet/1983396 |access-date=30 November 2020 |work=Outlook |date=27 November 2020 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025013/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/it-was-a-beautiful-dream-for-me-dimple-kapadia-on-christopher-nolans-tenet/1983396 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Ali Abbas Zafar]]'s 2021 [[Amazon Prime]] political streaming series ''[[Tandav (TV series)|Tandav]]'' starred Kapadia in her first appearance on a digital platform as Anuradha Kishore, a power-hungry politician who seeks to undermine the new political rival (Saif Ali Khan) of the Prime Minister of India, her longtime ally.<ref>{{cite web | access-date=16 January 2021 | archive-date=15 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115124146/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tandav-review-dimple-kapadia-saif-ali-khans-web-series-dances-to-a-facile-bollywood-beat-2-stars-out-of-5-2352860 | first1=Saibal | last1=Chatterjee | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tandav-review-dimple-kapadia-saif-ali-khans-web-series-dances-to-a-facile-bollywood-beat-2-stars-out-of-5-2352860 | title=''Tandav'' Review: Dimple Kapadia, Saif Ali Khan's Web-Series Dances to a Facile Bollywood Beat| publisher=NDTV | date=15 January 2021 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=16 January 2021 | archive-date=15 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115120839/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/tandav-review-saif-ali-khan-and-dimple-kapadia-show-falls-like-a-house-of-cards-1759127-2021-01-15 | first1=Nairita | last1=Mukherjee | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/tandav-review-saif-ali-khan-and-dimple-kapadia-show-falls-like-a-house-of-cards-1759127-2021-01-15 | title=''Tandav'' Review: Saif Ali Khan and Dimple Kapadia show falls like a house of cards | url-status=live | work=India Today | date=15 January 2021}}</ref> The show opened amid massive protests and police complaints against its makers for allegedly insulting [[Hindu deities]] and hurting the religious sentiments of Hindus,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gettleman |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Raj |first2=Suhasini |author1-link=Jeffrey Gettleman |author2-link=Suhasini Raj |title=Amazon Web Drama Draws the Wrath of India's Hindu Nationalists |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/business/india-amazon-tandav.html |access-date=17 April 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=18 January 2021 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115602/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/business/india-amazon-tandav.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Dutta|2022|p=155}} following which Zafar cut several scenes and issued a formal apology.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raj |first1=Suhasini |last2=Gettleman |first2=Jeffrey |title=Director of Amazon India Drama Cuts Scenes Amid Outcry From Hindu Nationalists |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/business/india-amazon-tandav.html |access-date=17 April 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=22 January 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128203228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/business/india-amazon-tandav.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Reviewers responded variably to ''Tandav'', but Kapadia's efforts were better received.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=16 January 2021 | archive-date=16 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116030316/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tandav-review-a-lackadaisical-attempt-at-portraying-indias-diverse-polity/article33580234.ece | first1=Sayan | last1=Ghosh | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tandav-review-a-lackadaisical-attempt-at-portraying-indias-diverse-polity/article33580234.ece | title=''Tandav'' review: A lackadaisical attempt at portraying India's diverse polity | url-status=live | work=The Hindu | date=15 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=17 April 2023 | archive-date=15 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115124146/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tandav-review-dimple-kapadia-saif-ali-khans-web-series-dances-to-a-facile-bollywood-beat-2-stars-out-of-5-2352860 | first1=Saibal | last1=Chatterjee | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tandav-review-dimple-kapadia-saif-ali-khans-web-series-dances-to-a-facile-bollywood-beat-2-stars-out-of-5-2352860 | title=''Tandav'' Review: Dimple Kapadia, Saif Ali Khan's Web-Series Dances to a Facile Bollywood Beat | publisher=NDTV | date=15 January 2021 | url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[A Thursday]]'' (2022), Behzad Khambata's [[Vigilante film|vigilante-hostage thriller]] starring [[Yami Gautam]], featured Kapadia in the fictional part of Prime Minister of India Maya Rajguru.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=18 February 2022 | archive-date=17 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217143943/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/a-thursday-movie-review-yami-gautam-s-film-is-one-of-the-best-thrillers-in-recent-times-1914147-2022-02-17 | first1=Grace | last1=Cyril | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/a-thursday-movie-review-yami-gautam-s-film-is-one-of-the-best-thrillers-in-recent-times-1914147-2022-02-17 | title=''A Thursday'' Movie Review: Yami Gautam's film is one of the best thrillers in recent times | work=India Today | date=17 February 2022| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=18 February 2022 | archive-date=18 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218162916/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-a-thursday-movie-review-yami-gautam-atul-kulkarni-neha-dhupia-s-edgy-thriller-surpasses-expectations-2934560 | first1=Simran | last1=Singh | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-a-thursday-movie-review-yami-gautam-atul-kulkarni-neha-dhupia-s-edgy-thriller-surpasses-expectations-2934560 | title=''A Thursday'' movie review: Yami Gautam, Atul Kulkarni, and Neha Dhupia's edgy thriller surpasses expectations | work=Daily News and Analysis | date=16 February 2022| url-status=live}}</ref>

Kapadia had a cameo in [[Ayan Mukerji]]'s action fantasy ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'' (2022) and starred in [[Siddharth Anand]]'s action thriller ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023), led by [[Shah Rukh Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/dimple-kapadia-begins-shooting-shah-rukh-khans-pathan-plays-raw-agent/|title=Dimple Kapadia begins shooting for Shah Rukh Khan's ''Pathan'', plays a RAW agent|date=10 December 2020|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=21 December 2021|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221053428/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/dimple-kapadia-begins-shooting-shah-rukh-khans-pathan-plays-raw-agent/|url-status=live}}</ref> In ''Pathaan'', based in the [[YRF Spy Universe]], she played Nandini, a senior officer in charge of a unit of [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW) agents. Her performance was particularly picked up for praise.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=26 January 2023 | archive-date=26 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126013437/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/pathaan-why-dimple-kapadia-is-the-real-boss-in-this-shah-rukh-khan-film-101674648360306.html | first1=Sweta | last1=Kaushal | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/pathaan-why-dimple-kapadia-is-the-real-boss-in-this-shah-rukh-khan-film-101674648360306.html | title=''Pathaan'': Why Dimple Kapadia is the real boss in this Shah Rukh Khan film | work=Hindustan Times | date=26 January 2023| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Nidhi |title="Pathaan" doesn't really need review—it's a phenomenon already |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/pathaans-main-ambition-is-to-launch-bollywoods-first-spy-universe |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=[[Vogue India]] |date=25 January 2023|archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126001413/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/pathaans-main-ambition-is-to-launch-bollywoods-first-spy-universe |url-status=live }}</ref> Sneha Bengani of [[CNBC TV18]] was appreciative of her "sharp and graceful, commanding, yet restrained" performance.<ref>{{cite web | access-date=27 January 2023 | archive-date=27 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127060836/https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/pathaan-movie-review-welcome-back-shah-rukh-khan-15768531.htm | first1=Sneha | last1=Bengani | url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/pathaan-movie-review-welcome-back-shah-rukh-khan-15768531.htm | title=''Pathaan'' movie review: Welcome back, Shah Rukh Khan | date=25 January 2023| url-status=live | website=CNBC TV18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=29 January 2023 | archive-date=26 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126103533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/pathaan/movie-review/97298218.cms | first1=Renuka | last1=Vyavahare | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/pathaan/movie-review/97298218.cms | title=''Pathaan'' Review: An entertaining globetrotting spy thriller that's massy, messy and outlandish | url-status=live | work=The Times of India | date=26 January 2023}}</ref> The film broke several box-office records to become the [[List of Indian films of 2023#Box office collection|second-highest-grossing Indian film of 2023]] and the third-highest-grossing Hindi film of all time.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=16 April 2023 | archive-date=15 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315210045/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/50-days-of-pathaan-10-box-office-records-set-by-shah-rukh-khans-spy-action-thriller/cid/1922696 | first1=Agnivo | last1=Niyogi | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/50-days-of-pathaan-10-box-office-records-set-by-shah-rukh-khans-spy-action-thriller/cid/1922696 | title=50 days of ''Pathaan'': 10 box office records set by Shah Rukh Khan's spy-action thriller | url-status=live | work=The Telegraph | date=15 March 2023}}</ref> Kapadia won a [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]] for her performance.<ref name="ZeeC">{{cite web |title=2024 – Zee Cine Awards |url=https://zeecineawards.com/2024-2/ |website=[[Zee Cine Awards]] |publisher=[[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] |access-date=3 July 2024 |year=2024 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417021812/https://zeecineawards.com/2024-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A supporting role as the mother of [[Ranbir Kapoor]]'s character in [[Luv Ranjan]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar]]'' (2023) brought Kapadia positive notice.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=16 April 2023 | archive-date=8 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308032109/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-review-ranbir-kapoors-return-to-rom-com-is-the-perfect-relief-we-waited-for-2343916-2023-03-08 | first1=Tushar | last1=Joshi | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-review-ranbir-kapoors-return-to-rom-com-is-the-perfect-relief-we-waited-for-2343916-2023-03-08 | title=''Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar'' review: Ranbir Kapoor's return to rom-com is the perfect relief we waited for | work=India Today | date=8 March 2023| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=16 April 2023 | archive-date=5 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405064735/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-review-ranbir-kapoor-shraddha-kapoor-s-problematic-romcom-is-a-montage-of-monologues-101678248618418.html | first1=Monika | last1=Rawal Kukreja | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-review-ranbir-kapoor-shraddha-kapoor-s-problematic-romcom-is-a-montage-of-monologues-101678248618418.html | title=''Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar'' review: Ranbir Kapoor, Shraddha Kapoor's problematic romcom is a montage of monologues | work=Hindustan Times | date=8 March 2023| url-status=live}}</ref> Despite mixed reviews, the film enjoyed a strong run at the box office.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=16 April 2023 | archive-date=23 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323113442/https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/8-movies-like-tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-that-you-can-skip-available-on-amazon-prime-video-netflix-more/ | first1=Gaurav | last1=Sonavane | url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/8-movies-like-tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-that-you-can-skip-available-on-amazon-prime-video-netflix-more/ | title=8 movies like ''Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar'' that you can skip; on Amazon Prime Video, Netflix & more | work=[[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ]] | date=9 March 2023| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=16 April 2023 | archive-date=15 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315100033/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-box-office-collection-day-7-ranbir-kapoor-shraddha-kapoor-rs-80-crore-2346792-2023-03-15 | first1=Janani | last1=K | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-box-office-collection-day-7-ranbir-kapoor-shraddha-kapoor-rs-80-crore-2346792-2023-03-15 | title=''Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar'' box office collection Day 7: Ranbir Kapoor, Shraddha's film crosses Rs 80 crore | work=India Today | date=15 March 2023| url-status=live}}</ref> Kapadia next reunited with Adajania for the [[Disney+ Hotstar]] crime thriller series ''[[Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo]]'', in which she played the protagonist Savitri, the powerful matriarch of a drug cartel selling a cocaine variant called flamingo.<ref name="SBFHindu">{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Shilajit |title=''Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo'' series review: Dimple Kapadia anchors this quirky, uneven series |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-series-review-dimple-kapadia-anchors-this-quirky-uneven-series/article66815091.ece |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=The Hindu |date=5 May 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505073037/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-series-review-dimple-kapadia-anchors-this-quirky-uneven-series/article66815091.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HT23">{{cite news |last1=Fatima |first1=Syeda Eba |title=Dimple Kapadia says her daughters pushed her to work: Twinkle said, 'If you need money, leave your vanity home and get back to work' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dimple-kapadia-s-lack-of-confidence-turned-into-career-advantage-pushed-by-daughters-to-resume-work-101686559125016.html |access-date=18 June 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 June 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618070054/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dimple-kapadia-s-lack-of-confidence-turned-into-career-advantage-pushed-by-daughters-to-resume-work-101686559125016.html |url-status=live }}</ref> For the part, Kapadia was required to learn the local dialect to the fictional town of Runjh, located in northwest India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |author1-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=''Pathaan'', ''Tenet'' Star Dimple Kapadia on Disney+ Hotstar Hit ''Saas Bahu Aur Flamingo'': 'I Can Do Action Better Than Any of the Action Heroes' |url=https://variety.com/2023/global/asia/pathaan-dimple-kapadia-saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-disney-hotstar-1235632799/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |work=Variety |date=5 June 2023}}</ref> The show was well received and Kapadia earned rave reviews for her central performance.<ref name="SBFHindu"/><ref>Reviews for ''Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo'':
*{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Anindita |title=''Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo'' Review: Dimple Kapadia, Radhika Madan's show is a riveting cooler with a dash of red |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-review-dimple-kapadia-radhika-madan-angira-dhar-isha-talwar-show-is-a-riveting-cooler-with-a-dash-of-red-2368731-2023-05-05 |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=India Today |date=5 May 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505050102/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-review-dimple-kapadia-radhika-madan-angira-dhar-isha-talwar-show-is-a-riveting-cooler-with-a-dash-of-red-2368731-2023-05-05 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Jhunjhunwala |first1=Udita |title=''Saas Bahu Aur Flamingo'' review: Dimple Kapadia shines in this crime series |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/how-to-lounge/movies-tv/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-review-dimple-kapadia-shines-in-this-crime-series-111683289945268.html |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=Mintlounge |date=5 May 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505140818/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/how-to-lounge/movies-tv/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-review-dimple-kapadia-shines-in-this-crime-series-111683289945268.html |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Pratikshya |title=''Saas, Bahu aur Flamingo'' Review: Dimple Kapadia Rules; Women Run the World |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-full-show-review-homi-adajania-dimple-kapadia-radhika-madan#read-more |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=TheQuint |date=5 May 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505140817/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-full-show-review-homi-adajania-dimple-kapadia-radhika-madan#read-more |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Kotecha |first1=Ronak |title=''Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo'' Season 1 Review: A brutal celebration of raw women power |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo/season-1/seasonreview/99937178.cms |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=5 May 2023 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506085434/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo/season-1/seasonreview/99937178.cms |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Saibal |title=''Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo'' Review: Dimple Kapadia's Show Is Undeniably Bingeworthy |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-review-dimple-kapadias-show-is-undeniably-bingeworthy-2-5-stars-4010211 |access-date=6 May 2023 |publisher=NDTV |date=6 May 2023 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506052700/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/saas-bahu-aur-flamingo-review-dimple-kapadias-show-is-undeniably-bingeworthy-2-5-stars-4010211 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]], writing for ''The Indian Express'', said Kapadia is "effortlessly in command of the room, and the situation".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |title=''Saas Bahu and Flamingo'' review: Dimple Kapadia-fronted series is heady, a barrel of fun |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/saas-bahu-and-flamingo-review-dimple-kapadia-fronted-series-is-heady-a-barrel-of-fun-8592978/ |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=5 May 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505091452/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/saas-bahu-and-flamingo-review-dimple-kapadia-fronted-series-is-heady-a-barrel-of-fun-8592978/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For her work, Kapadia received a [[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Award]] for Best Actress in a Drama Series.<ref name="OTT">{{cite magazine |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2023 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2023/ |magazine=Filmfare |date=26 November 2023 |access-date=29 November 2023 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110000751/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kapadia played a scientist in the romantic comedy ''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]'' (2024), starring [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kriti Sanon]], and featured alongside an ensemble cast in Adajania's mystery film ''[[Murder Mubarak]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/murder-mubarak-karisma-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-pankaj-tripathi-vijay-varma-team-up-for-netflixs-new-murder-mystery-13689952.html|title='Murder Mubarak': Karisma Kapoor, Sara Ali Khan, Pankaj Tripathi, Vijay Varma team up for Netflix's new murder mystery|work=Firstpost|date=5 February 2024|access-date=5 February 2024|archive-date=5 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205062613/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/murder-mubarak-karisma-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-pankaj-tripathi-vijay-varma-team-up-for-netflixs-new-murder-mystery-13689952.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She will next star opposite the former's father, [[Pankaj Kapur]], in [[Saurabh Shukla]]'s ''[[Jab Khuli Kitaab]]'', a romantic comedy about an older couple who seek divorce after 50 years of marriage.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-trailer-shahid-kapoor-romances-a-robot-kriti-sanon-watch-101705581330938.html | title=Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya trailer: Shahid Kapoor romances robot Kriti Sanon. | work=Hindustan Times | date=18 January 2024 | access-date=31 January 2024 | archive-date=31 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131031859/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya-trailer-shahid-kapoor-romances-a-robot-kriti-sanon-watch-101705581330938.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date=6 January 2022 | archive-date=6 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106113711/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pankaj-kapur-and-dimple-kapadia-to-star-in-jab-khuli-kitaab/article38004328.ece | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pankaj-kapur-and-dimple-kapadia-to-star-in-jab-khuli-kitaab/article38004328.ece | title=Pankaj Kapur and Dimple Kapadia to star in ''Jab Khuli Kitaab'' | work=The Hindu | date=21 December 2021| url-status=live}}</ref>

==Public image and artistry==
When Kapadia returned to films after her separation from Khanna, she faced constant comparison to her ''Bobby'' days and struggled to be taken seriously as an actor. According to Jyotika Virdi, the author of the book ''The Cinematic Imagination'', while Kapadia's trajectory is different from those of other female Hindi film stars, she turned her disadvantages to her advantage.{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=142}} Virdi said Kapadia's forthright manner made a major contribution to her career: "Speaking candidly to the press, she and the reporters plotted her life's narrative from the innocent teenager snared into an impossible marriage to the emergence of a mature 'woman with experience'."{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=142}} Kapadia is known for her assertive and moody nature;{{sfn|Dé |1998|pp=174–175}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajendra |first1=M. |title=Tinsel Town |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12242/page/n197/mode/2up |access-date=10 November 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=6 April 1986 |page=11}}</ref> during the making of ''Janbaaz'' (1986), the director Feroz Khan said he had never met a woman with her levels of "pent-up aggression".<ref name="IT85"/> On the other hand, Mahesh Bhatt, the director of ''Kaash'' (1987), said generosity is her defining trait.<ref name="BhattMW">{{cite news |last1=Bhatt |first1=Mahesh |title=Mahesh Bhatt on Why Dimple Kapadia Is Still Desirable |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/from-the-magazine/mahesh-bhatt-dimple-kapadia-still-desirable/ |access-date=3 November 2023 |work=[[MW (Indian magazine)|Man's World]] |date=22 December 2002 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103155315/https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/from-the-magazine/mahesh-bhatt-dimple-kapadia-still-desirable/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The journalist Bhawana Somaaya, who conducted a series of interviews with Kapadia during the 1980s, stated: "She's a strange bundle of contradictions. Her moods change in a jiffy."<ref name="Bhawanainterview"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Somaaya |first1=Bhawana |title=Dimple Kapadia – 1989 |url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=7374 |access-date=10 June 2020 |work=Screen |date=27 February 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040823120948/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=7374 |archive-date=23 August 2004}}</ref> According to some critics, this approach has sometimes been at the cost of professional opportunities as "her unpredictable nature and moods have distanced many well wishers".<ref name="moody"/> In reply to this, she said: "I am moody by nature. But I have never consciously hurt anyone."<ref name="moody"/>

Virdi wrote Kapadia fought her way to success by committing to serious and challenging work and described her parts in ''Aitbaar'' (1985), ''Kaash'' (1987) and ''Drishti'' (1990) as characters with which she "drew from the well of her own experience".{{sfn|Virdi|2003|p=142}} With ''Zakhmi Aurat'' (1988), Kapadia became one of the mainstream actresses associated with a new wave of women-centred revenge films.<ref name="express88"/><ref name="IT88">{{cite news |last1=Rahman |first1=M. |title=Women strike back |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19880715-hindi-films-on-screen-it-is-no-longer-men-alone-who-is-spilling-blood-797492-1988-07-15 |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=India Today |publisher=Living Media |date=15 July 1988 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130203826/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19880715-hindi-films-on-screen-it-is-no-longer-men-alone-who-is-spilling-blood-797492-1988-07-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> As an action heroine, she chose to perform her own stunts, which the critic M. Rahman thought made her performance more convincing. Although she enjoyed working in similar projects, such as ''Mera Shikar'' (1988) and ''Kali Ganga'' (1990), she bemoaned about being paid less than male action stars.<ref name="IT88"/> The author [[Dinesh Raheja]] believed Kapadia's involvement in art films in the 1990s happened at a time when she was no longer willing to play the "pretty prop in hero-oriented films", arguing her new choices "honed Dimple's talent for lending fine striations to complex emotions".<ref name="Dinesh"/> Mahesh Bhatt commended her for not turning into "a victim of her own success" by refusing to appear in films of strictly commercial value. According to Govind Nihalani, the director of ''Drishti'' (1990), Kapadia has a genuine interest in serious work that would challenge her talent and realise her potential. Similar sentiments were shared by Shashi Kapoor, who said Kapadia had always been eager to act in quality films. Kapadia said her involvement in independent films was a conscious decision to experiment in different cinema and prove her abilities.<ref name="IT93"/>

[[File:Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Bhushan Award to Smt. Dimple Kapadia on behalf of her husband late Shri Rajesh Khanna, at an Investiture Ceremony-II, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 20, 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Kapadia in 2013]]

When questioned about her hiatus after ''Rudaali'' at her career peak, Kapadia said she needed space and that generally her "career has always been secondary" to her.<ref name="ffiv"/> Her infrequent work since then, which manifested in numerous gaps between her screen appearances, has gained her a reputation for being selective about her work.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramnath |first1=Nandini |title=Interview Dimple Kapadia on her career and fishbowl life |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Z7CfUjjKNyAVqgy3MFsD2O/Interview--Dimple-Kapadia-on-her-career-and-fishbowl-life.html |access-date=31 May 2020 |newspaper=Mint |publisher=HT Media |date=4 December 2013 |archive-date=6 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206065034/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Z7CfUjjKNyAVqgy3MFsD2O/Interview--Dimple-Kapadia-on-her-career-and-fishbowl-life.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Chopra|2014a|p=141}} Admitting her limited professional drive, she attributed it to the lack of worthy offers and the "huge effort" expended in film acting,{{sfn|Chopra|2014a|p=142}} which consumes time otherwise spent on her family and private life.<ref name="Sahani">{{cite news | access-date=23 April 2020 | archive-date=12 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015407/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/dimple-kapadia-forty-years-on-i-am-still-living-off-bobby/1204072/0 | first1=Alaka | last1=Sahani | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/dimple-kapadia-forty-years-on-i-am-still-living-off-bobby/1204072/0 | title=Dimple Kapadia: Forty years on, I am still living off ''Bobby'' | url-status=live | work=The Indian Express | date=6 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=A book on my life? No way: Dimple Kapadia |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/pets-and-environment/090616/a-tail-to-tell-1.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=9 June 2016 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615093914/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/pets-and-environment/090616/a-tail-to-tell-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Even so, Kapadia's later work was noted by film scholars, including [[Shoma Chatterji]] and Afreen Khan, who listed her among the female actors who represent a changing portrayal of mothers in Hindi films, with roles of women who consider their happiness to be of equal importance to that of their children.<ref name="Madhya"/>{{sfn|Chatterji|2020|p=75}} Similar thoughts were expressed by ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]''{{'}}s Trisha Gupta, who was impressed with Kapadia's diverse repertoire of maternal roles, ranging from ''Luck by Chance'' (2009) and ''Dabangg'' (2010) to ''Finding Fanny'' (2014).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Trisha |title=Mining the mother lode |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/trisha-gupta/mining-the-mother-lode/articleshow/51857869.cms |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=18 April 2016 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025034/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/trisha-gupta/mining-the-mother-lode/articleshow/51857869.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Guided by her own judgement, Kapadia normally commits to a project without seeking advice<ref name="Sahani"/> and often willingly works with young or first-time directors, finding their enthusiasm and creativity beneficial to both the film and her performance.{{sfn|Chopra|2014a|p=144}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Sometimes I need to do insignificant roles for the bank balance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sometimes-i-need-to-do-insignificant-roles-for-the-bank-balance/cid/969960 |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=24 March 2006 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620093445/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sometimes-i-need-to-do-insignificant-roles-for-the-bank-balance/cid/969960 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kapadia's screen image has been characterised in terms of her perceived beauty and sex appeal.<ref name="TOI"/> ''The Times of India'' wrote in reference to her role in ''Saagar'', "Dimple was a vision of lush beauty; quite the forbidden fruit, rising from the ocean like [[Aphrodite]] emerging from the waves and surf".<ref name="TOI"/> Speaking of her post-comeback screen persona, the critic Khalid Mohamed observed, "Her arsenal comprised, among other elements, expressive cognac eyes, a nuanced, resonating voice skilled in [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] dialogue delivery, easy body language, and that seductive toss of her auburn hair."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohamed |first1=Khalid |title=Being in Conversation With Mrs Gorgeousbones, Dimple Kapadia |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/dimple-kapadia-over-the-years-in-conversation |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=[[The Quint]] |date=8 June 2017 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620161025/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/dimple-kapadia-over-the-years-in-conversation |url-status=live }}</ref> Mrinal Sen, who directed her in ''Antareen'' (1993), compared Kapadia to [[Sophia Loren]] and described her face as "a landscape of desolation".<ref name="IT93"/> Anil Kapoor, her co-star of ''Janbaaz'', hailed Kapadia as the most beautiful Indian actress since [[Madhubala]].<ref name="IT85"/> According to Dinesh Raheja, Kapadia's casting in ''Dil Chahta Hai'' (2001) and ''Leela'' (2002), in which she played middle-aged women who are the object of younger men's desire, served as "a kind of tribute to her eternal beauty".<ref name="Dinesh"/> [[Emma Thomas]], the producer of ''Tenet'' (2020), distinguished Kapadia as having "incredible magnetism, charisma, and glamour", which made her the right choice for the film.{{sfn|Mottram|2020|p=24}}

Critics have been appreciative of Kapadia's acting prowess and some have analysed it in relation to her appearance.<ref name="AW93">{{cite magazine |magazine =Asiaweek|title=Dimple|publisher=Asiaweek Ltd.|volume=19|issue=27–51|year=1993|quote=Long a critic's darling, the popular actress has won two major awards so far this year for her role in ''Rudaali''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Beauty which takes your breath away |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |date=28 September 1990 |quote=Accompanied by a sharp intellect and insight. Yes, Dimple Kapadia is a rare combination of stunning looks and impressive prowess and range. It is this malleability which enables her to walk hand in hand with art and commercial ventures with equal panache.}}</ref> Ranjan Das Gupta called her "an instinctive actress, spontaneous and intelligent" who is best at playing "intense characters", and said her beauty is "her asset as well as limitation".<ref>{{cite news|author=Das Gupta, Ranjan|title=Evolved perfection|date=7 February 2011|access-date=9 December 2011|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/135090/evolved-perfection.html|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821193702/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/135090/evolved-perfection.html|archive-date=21 August 2014}}</ref> In 1988, Subhash K. Jha wrote that "besides her elastic and primeval looks", Kapadia "possesses an inbuilt instinct for grasping characters at a level way beyond the surface".<ref name="express88"/> While working with her on ''Kaash'', Mahesh Bhatt said Kapadia had been through so much in her private life she need not study [[method acting]] to play real women.<ref name="IT85"/> Academic writers [[Madhu Kishwar]] and [[Ruth Vanita]] of the feminist magazine ''Manushi'' noted Kapadia for being unafraid to look less attractive for the benefit of convincingly expressing anguish and emotion.<ref name="manushi"/> M.L. Dhawan from ''The Tribune'' commented, "All those who have been following Dimple Kapadia's career from ''Bobby'', ''Lekin'' and ''Rudaali'' will assert that she is more talented than glamorous".<ref>{{cite news|author=Dhawan, M.L.|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071209/spectrum/main6.htm|title=Queens of hearts|date=9 December 2007|access-date=22 September 2011|newspaper=The Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024034014/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071209/spectrum/main6.htm|archive-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> Kapadia has described herself as a "spontaneous actor who is guided by instinct"<ref name="Tribune2009"/> and on another occasion, "a competent actress yet to deliver her best".<ref name="moody"/>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Table containing awards and nominations received by Dimple Kapadia}}
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Award
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" | 1973
| [[21st Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| ''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sfn|Reuben |1995|p=393}}
|-
! scope="row" | 1985
| [[33rd Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| ''[[Saagar (film)|Saagar]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=The Winners – 1986 |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368580.cms |access-date=26 April 2020 |work=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112040726/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368580.cms |archive-date=12 January 2006}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 1991
| Priyadarshini Academy Awards
| [[Smita Patil Memorial Award for Best Actress]]
| —
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=7th Anniversary Global Awards |url=https://www.priyadarshniacademy.com/7th-anniversary-global-awards.php |website=Priyadarshini Academy |access-date=3 July 2024 |archive-date=14 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714143952/https://www.priyadarshniacademy.com/7th-anniversary-global-awards.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 1991
| rowspan="2" | [[37th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| ''[[Lekin...]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=The Nominations – 1991|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368596.cms|access-date=26 April 2020 |work=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704194306/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368596.cms|archive-date=4 July 2007}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 1991
| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Outstanding Performance]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Drishti (film)|Drishti]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="FF1992"/>
|-
! scope="row" | 1992
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|55th Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]
| [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress (Hindi)|Best Actress (Hindi)]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="BFJA"/>
|-
! scope="row" | 1992
| [[38th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Performance – Critics]]
| rowspan="5" | ''[[Rudaali]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Filmfare Awards Winners 1993 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1993/101 |access-date=7 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205215817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1993/101 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 1993
| [[39th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Filmfare93">{{cite news |title=The Nominations – 1993|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368610.cms|access-date=26 April 2020 |work=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520043519/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368610.cms|archive-date=20 May 2007}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 1993
| [[40th National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=NFA41/>
|-
! scope="row" | 1993
| 8th [[Damascus International Film Festival]]
| Best Actress
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="damascusfest"/>
|-
! scope="row" | 1993
| 38th [[Asia-Pacific Film Festival]]
| Best Actress
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sfn|Kumar|2002|p=172|ps=: "Bhupen Hazarika adjudged the best music director and Dimple Kapadia the best actress for 'Rudali' (Hindi) at Asia-Pacific International Film Festival Fukoaka, Japan"}}
|-
! scope="row" | 1993
| [[39th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| ''[[Gardish]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Filmfare93"/>
|-
! scope="row" | 1994
| [[40th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| ''[[Krantiveer]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=FA94/>
|-
! scope="row" |2001
|[[Zee Cine Awards|5th Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]]
|''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]''
|{{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite AV media | host= | date=28 August 2019|orig-date = 11 January 2002 | title=Zee Cine Awards 2002 | trans-title = Best Actress in Supporting Role | type=Award ceremony | location=Mumbai, India| publisher=[[Zee Cine Awards]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2009
| [[55th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| rowspan="3"|''[[Luck by Chance]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=55th Idea Filmfare Awards Nominations |url=http://www.filmfare.com/articles/55th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-461.html |work=Filmfare |date=11 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213061715/http://www.filmfare.com/articles/55th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-461.html |archive-date=13 February 2010|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2009
| [[Producers Guild Film Awards|5th Producers Guild Film Awards]]
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 5th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/12/15/5838/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120203043/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/12/15/5838/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2010|author=Bollywood Hungama News Network|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=15 December 2009|access-date=28 January 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2009
| [[Stardust Awards|2010 Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for Max Stardust Awards 2010|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/644/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219045100/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/644/|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2014|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=16 January 2010|access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2010
| [[12th IIFA Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Dabangg]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iifa.com/toronto2011/nominations2.html#toplist |title=Floriana IIFA Awards 2011 Popular Awards Nominations |accessdate=3 July 2024 |work=iifa.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508103106/http://iifa.com/toronto2011/nominations2.html#toplist |archivedate=8 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2010
| [[Stardust Awards|2011 Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations of Stardust Awards 2011|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/22/7034/index.html|date=22 January 2011|access-date=3 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814215053/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2011/01/22/7034/index.html|archive-date=14 August 2011 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| [[60th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| rowspan="5"| ''[[Finding Fanny]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for the 60th Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-60th-britannia-filmfare-awards-8237.html |access-date=26 April 2020 |work=Filmfare |date=19 January 2015 |archive-date=10 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110120443/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-60th-britannia-filmfare-awards-8237.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| rowspan="2"| [[Producers Guild Film Awards|10th Producers Guild Film Awards]]
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| <ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 10th Renault Star Guild Awards|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7741|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108165539/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7741|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 January 2015|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=8 January 2015|access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Actor in a Comic Role]]
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2015
| [[21st Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/ |title=21st Annual Life OK Screen Awards nominations |website=The Indian Express |date=8 January 2015 |access-date=3 July 2024 |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517043318/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| [[Stardust Awards|2014 Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="stardust2014">{{cite web|title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2014|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210064653/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7612|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 December 2014|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=8 December 2014|access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |2023
|[[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Actress in a Drama Series
|''[[Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="OTT"/>
|-
! scope="row" |2023
|[[Zee Cine Awards|22nd Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]]
|''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ZeeC"/>
|-
! scope="row" |2024
|[[2024 Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Supporting Actress in a Web Original Film
|''[[Murder Mubarak]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Nominations for the Danube Properties Filmfare OTT Awards 2024: Full List {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-danube-properties-filmfare-ott-awards-2024-full-list-69862.html |magazine=Filmfare |date=4 December 2024 |access-date=29 March 2025 |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126134046/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-danube-properties-filmfare-ott-awards-2024-full-list-69862.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last1=Abbas |first1=K. A. |author-link1=Khwaja Ahmad Abbas |editor1-last=Kohli |editor1-first=Suresh |title=Bobby: The Complete Story |date=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcXU8RA9HXYC |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5029-554-0 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Adarkar |first1=Vivek |editor1-last=Tomassini |editor1-first=Christine |editor2-last=Schwartz |editor2-first=Carol |title=Magill's Cinema Annual |date=2003 |publisher=Gale Research International, Limited |isbn=978-1-55862-459-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/magillscinemaann0000unse_o2u3/page/262/mode/2up }}
* {{cite book|last1=Agnihotri|first1=Ram Awatar|title=Artistes and Their Films of Modern Hindi Cinema: Cultural and Socio-Political Impact on Society, 1931–91|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lv1kAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|isbn=978-81-7169-180-7|archive-date=14 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614231145/http://books.google.com/books?id=lv1kAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Arunachalam |first1=Param |title=BollySwar: 1981–1990 |date=2020 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech Private Limited |isbn=978-81-938482-2-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4rcDwAAQBAJ&q=dimple+kapadia+saazish&pg=PA1060 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025035/https://books.google.com/books?id=V4rcDwAAQBAJ&q=dimple+kapadia+saazish&pg=PA1060 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ausaja |first1=S. M. M. |title=Bollywood in Posters |date=2009 |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=978-81-87108-55-9 |page=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXLFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1993 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025007/https://books.google.com/books?id=vXLFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1993 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Begum-Hossain |first1=Momtaz |author-link1=Momtaz Begum-Hossain |title=Bollywood Crafts: 20 Projects Inspired by Popular Indian Cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861084187 |date=2007 |publisher=GMC Distribution |isbn=978-1-86108-418-7 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Bose |first1=Nandana |editor1-last=Viswamohan |editor1-first=Aysha Iqbal |editor2-last=John |editor2-first=Vimal Mohan |title=Behind the Scenes: Contemporary Bollywood Directors and Their Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wigBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT152 |date=2017 |publisher=Sage Publications India |isbn=978-93-86062-40-6 |pages=215–226 |chapter=Globalization, Reflexivity and Genre in Zoya Akhtar's Films |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/31079095 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025008/https://books.google.com/books?id=wigBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT152 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Bramesco |first1=Charles |title=Colors of Film: The Story of Cinema in 50 Palettes |date=14 March 2023 |publisher=Frances Lincoln |isbn=978-0-7112-7938-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1uaEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT77}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bumiller|first1=Elisabeth|author-link=Elisabeth Bumiller|title=May You Be the Mother of a Hundred Sons|url=https://archive.org/details/mayyoubemotherof00bumi/page/n205/mode/2up|url-access=registration|year=1991|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-015671-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Chatterji |first1=Shoma A. |author1-link=Shoma Chatterji |title=Bollywood Cinema Kaleidoscope |date=31 January 2020 |publisher=Doshor Publication |isbn=978-81-944429-1-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAk0EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|access-date=11 February 2022 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417114951/https://books.google.com/books?id=BAk0EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA75 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Diptakirti |title=Bollybook: The Big Book of Hindi Movie Trivia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ |date=2014 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-5118-799-8 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025038/https://books.google.com/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |author-link1=Anupama Chopra |title=Freeze Frame |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ge9BCwAAQBAJ |date=2014a |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=978-93-81607-11-4 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025008/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ge9BCwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Chopra |first1=Shaili |author-link1=Shaili Chopra |title=When I Was 25: The Leaders Look Back |date=2014b |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-677-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAKlBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT30 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025008/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAKlBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT30 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite book |last1=Da Cunha |first1=Uma |editor1-last=Cowie |editor1-first=Peter |editor1-link=Peter Cowie |title=Variety International Film Guide 1995 |date=1995 |publisher=Hamlyn |isbn=978-0-600-58516-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/varietyinternati0000unse_p8u5/page/202/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Rohit K. |last2=Datta |first2=Sangeeta |author-link1=Rohit K. Dasgupta |title=100 Essential Indian Films |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YT9xDwAAQBAJ |date=2018 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7799-1 |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417114952/https://books.google.com/books?id=YT9xDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dé |first1=Shobha |author-link1=Shobhaa De |title=Selective Memory: Stories from My Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RuCrPYBTNkAC&pg=174 |date=1998 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-027784-5 |pages=174–175 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025022/https://books.google.com/books?id=RuCrPYBTNkAC&pg=174 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Derné |first1=Steve |title=Movies, Masculinity, and Modernity: An Ethnography of Men's Filmgoing in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-LoaAQAAIAAJ |date=2000 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-31287-8 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020221754/https://books.google.com/books?id=-LoaAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
*{{cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Anmol |editor1-last=Samuel |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Mitchell |editor2-first=Louisa |title=Streaming and Screen Culture in Asia-Pacific |date=15 October 2022 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-031-09374-6 |pages=145–160 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_eVEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA155|chapter=Content Carnival? (Re)Viewing Representation, Indianness, and OTT Culture in India}}
* {{cite book |last1=Dwyer |first1=Rachel |author-link1=Rachel Dwyer |title=100 Bollywood Films |url=https://archive.org/details/100bollywoodfilm00dwye |date=2005 |publisher=Lotus Collection, Roli Books |isbn=978-81-7436-433-3 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dwyer |first1=Rachel |title=All You Want is Money, All You Need is Love: Sexuality and Romance in Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M6VlAAAAMAAJ |date=2000 |publisher=Cassell |isbn=978-0-304-70320-3 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020214247/https://books.google.com/books?id=M6VlAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Gahlot |first1=Deepa |author-link1=Deepa Gahlot |title=Sheroes: 25 Daring Women of Bollywood |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9_YjgEACAAJ |date=2015 |publisher=Westland Limited |isbn=978-93-85152-74-0 |pages=69–73 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025009/https://books.google.com/books?id=u9_YjgEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ganti |first1=Tejaswini |author-link1=Tejaswini Ganti |title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qniCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA158 |date=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-28854-5 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025009/https://books.google.com/books?id=qniCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA158 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ganti |first1=Tejaswini |title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA363 |date=2012 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-5213-6 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020221751/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA363 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ghose |first1=Vijaya |title=Women in Society: India |date=1994 |publisher=M. Cavendish |location=New York |isbn=978-1-85435-564-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/womeninsociety00ghos/page/46/mode/2up }}
* {{cite book|last1=Gulzar|last2=Nihalani|first2=Govind|last3=Chatterjee|first3=Saibal|author-link1=Gulzar|author-link2=Govind Nihalani|author-link3=Saibal Chatterjee|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|title-link=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|year=2003|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica (India)|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Gulzar|first1=Meghna|author-link=Meghna Gulzar|title=Because he is ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgFlAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Rupa & Co.|isbn=81-291-0364-8|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020221042/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgFlAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hood |first1=John W. |title=The Essential Mystery: The Major Filmmakers of Indian Art Cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/essentialmystery00hood/page/344/mode/2up |date=2000 |publisher=Orient BlackSwan |isbn=978-81-250-1870-4 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Husain |first1=Maqbul Fida |author-link=M.F. Husain |title=Where Art Thou: An Autobiography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvXVAAAAMAAJ |date=2002 |publisher=M.F. Husain Foundation |page=77 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025009/https://books.google.com/books?id=MvXVAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
*{{cite book |last1=Mottram |first1=James |title=The Secrets of Tenet: Inside Christopher Nolan's Quantum Cold War |date=8 September 2020 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=978-1-64722-060-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Y0fEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24}}
* {{cite book |last1=Joshi |first1=Priya |title=Bollywood's India: A Public Fantasy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3wyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |date=2015 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-53907-4 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025019/https://books.google.com/books?id=C3wyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |title=The Essential Guide to Bollywood |url=https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00jhas |date=2005a |publisher=Lustre Press |isbn=978-81-7436-378-7 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Arvind |title=Trends in Modern Journalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__lkAAAAMAAJ |date=2002 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-277-5 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615054439/http://books.google.com/books?id=__lkAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=K. Naresh |title=Indian Cinema: Ebbs and Tides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gt1kAAAAMAAJ |year=1995 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0344-9 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615050832/http://books.google.com/books?id=gt1kAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Ranjani |title=Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xenNBrRKOGoC&pg=PA143 |date=2007 |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-1-4529-1302-5 |pages=143–144 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816071232/https://books.google.com/books?id=xenNBrRKOGoC&pg=PA143 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Ranjani |editor1-last=Prakash |editor1-first=Gyan |editor1-link=Gyan Prakash |title=Noir Urbanisms: Dystopic Images of the Modern City |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qo3DoD_MDBIC&pg=PA161 |date=2010 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-3662-8 |chapter=Friction, Collision and the Grotesque: The Dystopic Fragments of Bombay Cinema |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/4899738 |pages=150–186 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070719/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qo3DoD_MDBIC&pg=PA161 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Ranjani |editor1-last=Dutt |editor1-first=Bishnupriya |editor2-last=Reinelt |editor2-first=Janelle |editor3-last=Sahai |editor3-first=Shrinkhla |title=Gendered Citizenship: Manifestations and Performance |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0RADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-59093-6 |chapter=The Legal Unspeakable: Rape in 1980s Bombay Cinema |pages=163–179 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070643/https://books.google.com/books?id=F0RADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Monika |title=Censorship and Sexuality in Bombay Cinema |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJSh153_7QEC&pg=PA131 |date=2012 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-74251-2 |pages=131–158 |chapter=An Anomalous Dilemma: To Ban or to Certify the Self-Sacrificial Wife in Pati Parmeshwar |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070644/https://books.google.com/books?id=nJSh153_7QEC&pg=PA131 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Nash |first1=Jay Robert |author1-link=Jay Robert Nash|last2=Ross|first2=Stanley Ralph |author2-link=Stanley Ralph Ross |title=The Motion Picture Guide: 1988 Annual (The Films of 1987) |date=1988 |publisher=Cinebooks |isbn=978-0-933997-16-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/motionpicturegui0000nash/page/132/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Jai Arjun |author-link1=Jai Arjun Singh |editor1-last=Misra |editor1-first=Jaishree |editor1-link=Jaishree Misra |title=Of Mothers and Others: Stories, Essays, Poems |date=2014 |publisher=Zubaan |isbn=978-93-83074-25-9 |pages=32–53 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFSNDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT37 |chapter=Milky Ways: A Contemplation of the Hindi-movie Maa |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070647/https://books.google.com/books?id=MFSNDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT37 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Mubarki |first1=Meraj Ahmed |title=Filming Horror: Hindi Cinema, Ghosts and Ideologies |date=2016 |publisher=Sage Publications India |isbn=978-93-5150-873-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lckdDAAAQBAJ |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012015409/https://books.google.com/books?id=lckdDAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Nanda |first1=Ritu |author-link=Ritu Nanda |title=Raj Kapoor Speaks |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnyaW9L6cKYC&pg=PP70 |date=2002 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-670-04952-3 |archive-date=15 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015042101/https://books.google.com/books?id=FnyaW9L6cKYC&pg=PP70 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Raj |first1=Ashok |title=Hero Vol. 2 |date=2009 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-81398-03-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT28 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025027/https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT28 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Raj |first1=Ashok |title=The Hay House Book of Cinema that Heals |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSFnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT212 |date=2014 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-84544-14-0 |chapter=The Communal Environment in the 1990s and Beyond |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025034/https://books.google.com/books?id=YSFnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT212 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |date=1999 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja }}
* {{cite book |last1=Reuben |first1=Bunny |title=Raj Kapoor, the Fabulous Showman: An Intimate Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ly8dAQAAIAAJ |date=1995 |publisher=Indus |isbn=978-81-7223-196-5 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607122402/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ly8dAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Roy |first1=Piyush |title=Bollywood FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Greatest Film Story Never Told |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlCwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |date=2019 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4930-5083-3 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420025023/https://books.google.com/books?id=MlCwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book|last1=Sabharwal|first1=Gopa|title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKySGJAGVEQC&pg=PA250|year=2007|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-310274-8|archive-date=27 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627183846/http://books.google.com/books?id=LKySGJAGVEQC&pg=PA250|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Meheli |title=Haunting Bollywood: Gender, Genre, and the Supernatural in Hindi Commercial Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZA7BDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA179 |date=2017 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-1-4773-1158-5 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070644/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZA7BDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA179 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Murali |first1=Sharanya |editor1-last=Iqbal Viswamohan |editor1-first=Aysha |editor2-last=John |editor2-first=Vimal Mohan |title=Behind the Scenes: Contemporary Bollywood Directors and Their Cinema |publisher=Sage Publications India |isbn=978-93-86062-40-6 |pages=291–307 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wigBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT199 |year=2017 |chapter=Finding Femininity: Homi Adajania and Representations of Urban Womanhood |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070726/https://books.google.com/books?id=wigBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT199 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Siegel |first1=Bernie |last2=Wing |first2=Diane |last3=Kenley |first3=Holli |last4=Levy |first4=Jay S. |editor=Depmsey, Ernest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VteqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |author-link1=Bernie S. Siegel |title=Recovering the Self: A Journal of Hope and Healing (Vol. VI, No. 1) – Grief & Loss |date=2017 |publisher=Loving Healing Press |isbn=978-1-61599-340-6 |page=83 |archive-date=15 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015110124/https://books.google.com/books?id=VteqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Siṃha |first1=Hara Mandira |title=Hindi filmography: 1981–1999, Volume 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TC9LAQAAIAAJ |date=2000 |publisher=Satinder Kaur |archive-date=3 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103070219/http://books.google.com/books?id=TC9LAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Somaaya |first1=Bhawana |author-link=Bhawana Somaaya |title=Hema Malini: The Authorized Biography |title-link=Hema Malini: The Authorized Biography |date=2008 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5194-048-7 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Subramani |author-link=Subramani |title=Altering Imagination |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-tlAAAAMAAJ |date=1995 |publisher=Fiji Writers' Association |isbn=978-982-328-001-1 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070656/https://books.google.com/books?id=t-tlAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Thoraval |first1=Yves |title=The Cinemas of India |date=2000 |publisher=Macmillan India |isbn=978-0-333-93410-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/cinemasofindia0000thor}}
* {{cite book |last1=Trivedi |first1=Vijaya R. |title=A Chronicle of World Events, January-March 1994 |date=1994 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=9788121202138 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLShQ-Zq8TMC&pg=PA69}}
* {{cite book |last1=Usman |first1=Yasser |author-link=Yasser Usman |title=[[Rajesh Khanna: The Untold Story of India's First Superstar]] |date=2014 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-5118-875-9 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Vasudev |first1=Aruna |author-link1=Aruna Vasudev |title=Frames of Mind: Reflections on Indian Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2V9ZAAAAMAAJ |date=1995 |publisher=UBSPD |isbn=978-81-7476-053-1 |archive-date=30 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430200005/http://books.google.com/books?id=2V9ZAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book|last1=Virdi|first1=Jyotika|title=The Cinematic ImagiNation [sic]: Indian Popular Films as Social History|url=https://archive.org/details/cinematicimagina0000vird|url-access=registration|year=2003|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-3191-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cinematicimagina0000vird/page/140 140]–143}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|0438092}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Dimple Kapadia
|list=
{{NationalFilmAwardBestActress}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actress}}
{{FilmfareCriticsAwardBestActress}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestSupportingActress 1981-2000}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapadia, Dimple}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarati actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Ismailis]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Best Actress National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
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C. Krishna Pillai

2026-02-27T00:53:32Z

Samyakkpravesh: refine lead per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = C. Krishna Pillai
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|honorific_prefix = Samudayothejakan
|birth_date = 1851
|birth_place = [[Karamana]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kingdom of Travancore]]
|death_date = 8 July 1916
|death_place =
|death_cause =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|other_names = CKP
|known_for = Social reform of the [[Nair]] community; founder of Malayali Sabha, Travancore Nayar Samajam, and Keraleeya Nair Samaj; publisher of ''Samudaya Parishkarini''
|education = [[Bachelor of Arts]]
|alma_mater = Maharaja's College, Thiruvananthapuram (present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram]])
|occupation = [[Head teacher|Headmaster]], Range Inspector of Schools
|title =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party =
|boards =
|spouse =
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|children =
|parents = Kunchukkali Pillai (father)
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|footnotes =
}}

'''C. Krishna Pillai''' (1851 – 8 July 1916), popularly known by his initials '''CKP''', was an Indian social reformer, educator, and community organiser in the princely state of [[Kingdom of Travancore|Travancore]]. He is honoured with the title '''Samudayothejakan''' ([[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]: സമുദായോത്തേജകൻ, meaning "Stimulator of the Community" or "Community Lifter") for his pioneering efforts over nearly half a century to reform and uplift the [[Nair]] community of [[Kerala]].<ref name="sankarankutty">{{cite journal |last1=Nair |first1=T. P. Sankarankutty |title=C. Krishna Pillai and Travancore (1851–1916) Society (with Special Reference to Nair Service Society) |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44140263 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1984 |volume=45 |pages=704–710 |jstor=44140263 |access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="nss-history">{{cite web |title=History of NSS |url=https://nssnorthtexas.org/history/ |publisher=[[Nair Service Society]] of [[North Texas]]}}</ref>

Through his founding of organisations such as the Malayali Social Union, the Malayali Sabha, the Travancore Nayar Samajam, and the Keraleeya Nair Samaj, Pillai campaigned against caste-based educational restrictions, the [[Marumakkathayam|matrilineal system of inheritance]], child marriage, [[polygamy]], [[polyandry]], and subcaste-based social exclusion. His organisational groundwork and mentorship of younger leaders such as [[Mannath Padmanabhan]] directly paved the way for the formation of the [[Nair Service Society]] (NSS) in 1914.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

== Early life and education ==

C. Krishna Pillai was born in 1851 at [[Karamana]], on the outskirts of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] (Trivandrum), in the princely state of [[Kingdom of Travancore|Travancore]].<ref name="sankarankutty" /> His father was Kunchukkali Pillai.<ref name="biography">{{cite book |last1=Nair |first1=M. N. Damodaran |last2=Nair |first2=M. N. Sivaraman |title=Samudayothejakan C. Krishna Pillai |language=ml |publisher=National Book Depot |location=Kottayam |year=1930}}</ref> He received elementary education in [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] and arithmetic as a child. At the age of twelve, he obtained a position as a clerk, where his diligence and ability impressed his employer, leading to a subsequent appointment as an accountant.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

In those days, English-medium education was largely the preserve of [[Brahmin]]s and other high-caste aristocrats in Travancore. Pillai's early talent was recognised by Municiff Attukal Sankara Pillai, who was struck by the young man's eloquence at a prayer meeting held at the residence of Dewan Bahadur A. Govinda Pillai.<ref name="biography" /> With this encouragement, Pillai was able to attend the Government High School and subsequently the Maharaja's College (the present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram]]). He passed the [[Bachelor of Arts]] examination creditably in 1875.<ref name="sankarankutty" /><ref name="biography" />

== Career in education ==

Following his graduation, Pillai joined the Education Department of the Travancore government. He was appointed Headmaster of the Trivandrum Central Vernacular School at Chalai. He was later promoted to the post of Inspector of Schools in 1880.<ref name="biography" />

While serving as Inspector, Pillai attempted to extend the activities of his social organisations across the state. The [[Dewan]] Rama Rao, viewing Pillai's social activism with displeasure, transferred him to distant stations such as [[Kottayam]] and [[Mavelikkara]] in an effort to curtail his influence in Trivandrum. However, these transfers proved to be a "blessing in disguise," as Pillai used each posting to establish new branches of the Malayali Sabha in Central and North Travancore.<ref name="biography" />

Pillai's official career came to a close in 1906 with his retirement as Range Inspector of Schools. His retirement freed him to devote all his energies to social reform work for the remaining decade of his life.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

== Social and political context ==

=== Brahmin dominance in Travancore ===

The early nineteenth century in Travancore was characterised by Brahmin dominance across the administration. Colonel [[John Munro, 9th of Teaninich|John Munro]], the only Resident Dewan of Travancore (1810–1814), had initiated a policy of appointing [[Tamil Brahmin]]s and Tulu Brahmins to senior government posts, particularly the position of Dewan. This period, often referred to as the "Rao period" of Travancore history, saw non-Brahmin communities systematically excluded from positions of influence.<ref name="sankarankutty" /> It was against this backdrop that Pillai began his efforts to improve the condition of the Nairs through education and organised agitation.

=== Social evils among the Nairs ===

The Nair community in the late nineteenth century was beset by numerous social disabilities. The [[Marumakkathayam]] (matrilineal) system of succession and inheritance meant that a man's wife and children had no legal claim to his wealth or property, which instead passed through the maternal line to his nephews. In practice, however, the [[Karanavar]] (eldest male head of the [[Tharavad|taravad]]) and his immediate family appropriated the gains from the administration of joint family property, creating resentment between generations.<ref name="menon">{{cite book |last=Menon |first=A. Sreedhara |title=A Survey of Kerala History |publisher=S. Viswanathan & Co. |location=Madras |year=1984 |page=321}}</ref>

The institution of subcaste further compounded these difficulties, perpetuating social exclusiveness and preventing social mobility. Neither intermarriage nor interdining was permitted between members of various Nair subcastes and subgroups. These communities also suffered from economic impoverishment due to the observance of expensive and irrational social customs such as ''Talikettu Kalyanam'' (a pre-puberty marriage ceremony), ''Tirandukuli'' (menstruation-related social taboos), child marriage, [[polygamy]], and [[polyandry]].<ref name="menon" /><ref name="sankarankutty" />

The aristocratic sections of the Nair community benefited from these customs and practices, while the poorer and less influential members suffered greatly. It was this disparity that motivated Pillai's lifelong campaign for social reform.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

== Organisational work ==

=== Malayali Social Union and Malayali Sabha ===

As a student at the Maharaja's College in Trivandrum, Pillai observed that many young Nair men who came to the city for higher education could not afford accommodation and sometimes went without food for days. Recognising the urgent need for a support structure, he organised the '''Malayali Social Union''' in 1877 at the college. The union served as a meeting ground and mutual-aid centre for students coming from outside Trivandrum. Professors John Ross and Dr. Harvey, successive Principals of the college, encouraged and supported Pillai's initiative.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

In 1886, the Malayali Social Union was reorganised as the '''Malayali Sabha''', with the broader aims of encouraging deserving students, establishing educational institutions, and promoting social welfare. The Sabha received the patronage of Maharaja [[Ayilyam Thirunal|Ayilyam Tirunal Rama Varma]] (r. 1860–1880) and rapidly expanded its activities to Central and North Travancore.<ref name="sankarankutty" /> At its peak, the Malayali Sabha was a powerful organisation boasting 890 members, 25 schools, and 14 branch associations across the state.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

The Sabha also launched a newspaper called ''The Malayali'', edited by [[C. V. Raman Pillai]] (1858–1922), the noted Malayalam novelist and member of the Travancore court, who also served as Secretary of the Malayali Sabha.<ref name="raman-pillai">{{cite book |last=Nair |first=P. K. Parameswaran |title=C. V. Raman Pillai |language=ml |publisher=National Book Stall |location=Kottayam |year=1973 |pages=65–78}}</ref>

Under Pillai's leadership, the Malayali Sabha organised agitations demanding the admission of Nair students to the Sanskrit School, from which they had been excluded on the grounds that they were [[Shudra]]s.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

=== Travancore Nayar Samajam ===

When Pillai was transferred to North Travancore by the government as retaliation for his social activism, he founded the '''Travancore Nayar Samajam''' in 1903.<ref>{{cite news |title=Travancore Nayar Samajam |newspaper=Madras Mail |date=14 October 1903 |page=5}}</ref> Unlike the Malayali Sabha, which had admitted members from all communities, the Samajam was exclusively for Nairs. Its members accepted no benefits or offices of profit from the government, dedicating themselves solely to championing the cause of the Nair community. Within a short period, the Samajam enrolled 380 members with 12 units across the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Travancore Nayar Samajam |newspaper=Malabar Herald |date=28 April 1906}}</ref><ref name="sankarankutty" />

=== Keraleeya Nair Samaj and Nair Conferences ===

In January 1905, a compromise was effected between the Malayali Sabha and the Travancore Nayar Samajam, uniting them into a single body called the '''Keraleeya Nair Samaj''' (Kerala Nair Society) to strengthen the cause of the Nair community.<ref name="raman-pillai" />

In October 1905, a full-fledged '''Nair Conference''' was held at Trivandrum under Pillai's chairmanship. This was a landmark event in the history of Nair social organisation. A second Nair Conference followed in October 1907, presided over by Sir M. Krishna Nair, who later served as a member of the [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy's]] Executive Council.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

== Major reform campaigns ==

=== Admission to Sanskrit education ===

One of Pillai's earliest campaigns was the agitation for the admission of Nair students to Sanskrit schools, where they had been denied entry on caste grounds. Through the Malayali Sabha, he organised sustained pressure on the authorities until this barrier was removed.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

=== Upper cloth controversy ===

In the late nineteenth century, Nair women servants were prohibited from covering the upper part of their body when entering temple precincts, particularly during festivals at the [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple]]. Self-respecting Nair women found this deeply humiliating. Pillai took up their cause and agitated against this practice. His efforts bore fruit by the close of the nineteenth century, well after the earlier [[Upper cloth controversy|upper cloth rebellion]] of the [[Nadar (caste)|Shanars (Nadars)]].<ref name="parameswaran">{{cite book |last1=Pillai |first1=V. R. Parameswaran |last2=Kamalamma |first2=P. |title=Mahanmarum Mahatikalum (Biographical studies of Greatmen and Women) |language=ml |publisher=Vidyarthimitram |location=Kottayam |year=1984 |pages=75–80}}</ref>

=== Reform of the matrilineal system ===

Pillai's most sustained and consequential campaign was against the [[Marumakkathayam]] system and the social evils associated with it. He submitted memoranda to the Travancore government demanding legislative reform of the laws of inheritance and marriage. He organised his followers to break social customs surrounding ''Talikettu Kalyanam'', ''Tirandukuli'', and other practices, and publicly identified those who resisted reform as enemies of Nair progress. He himself broke with restrictive customs at personal risk.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

The persistent agitation by Pillai and his organisations led the Travancore government to appoint a three-member '''Marumakkathayam Committee''' in 1908 to study the matrilineal system. The committee consisted of Judge M. Krishna Pillai and High Court Vakils K. P. Padmanabha Menon and K. Krishnan Pandala. It was presided over by High Court Judge A. Govinda Pillai, with Excise Commissioner N. Raman Pillai serving as Secretary. The committee toured the entire state, examined 1,021 witnesses, and submitted its report by the end of the year, recommending the abolition of polygamy and polyandry.<ref name="committee">{{cite book |title=Report of the Marumakkathayam Committee (Travancore) |publisher=Government Press |location=Trivandrum |year=1908}}</ref>

The committee's recommendations led to the '''Nair Act of 1912''', the first piece of legislation addressing the matrilineal system among the Nairs. However, the Act did not fully satisfy progressive reformers: it failed to provide for individual partition of taravad property and gave only half of a man's self-acquired property to his children, with the other half going to his nephews.<ref name="committee" /><ref name="sankarankutty" />

Pillai and his association continued to intensify the struggle. This sustained campaign ultimately resulted in the more comprehensive '''[[Nair Service Society#Legislation|Nair Act of 1925]]''', which provided for individual partition of joint family property and eliminated nephews' claims to the self-acquired property of their uncles. Related legislation followed, including the Ezhava Act of 1925, the Vellala Act of 1926, the Cochin Nair Regulations of 1919–1920 and 1937–1938, and the Mappila Act of 1939, progressively abolishing the matrilineal system across Kerala's communities.<ref name="menon-330">{{cite book |last=Menon |first=A. Sreedhara |title=A Survey of Kerala History |publisher=S. Viswanathan & Co. |location=Madras |year=1984 |page=330}}</ref>

=== Interdining controversy ===

In 1909, Pillai brought the question of interdining to a head by demanding that the [[Thampi and Thankachi|Thampi]]s (a Nair subcaste with aristocratic pretensions) should dine with other Nairs, arguing that both groups shared a common origin. When the Tampis refused, Pillai and his supporters boycotted the Palace feast in protest, delivering a pointed rebuke to the practice of untouchability within the community itself.<ref>{{cite news |title=Interdining controversy among Nairs |newspaper=Madras Mail |date=12 February 1909 |page=6}}</ref><ref name="sankarankutty" />

== Connection to the Malayali Memorial ==

Pillai's organisational work was contemporary with, and related to, the broader movement for native rights in Travancore. Barrister [[G. P. Pillai]], a western-educated Travancorean and editor of the ''Madras Standard'', led a campaign for the rights of native Travancoreans with the slogan "Travancore for Travancoreans." This campaign culminated in the '''[[Malayali Memorial]]''' (also called the Travancore Memorial), submitted to Maharaja [[Moolam Thirunal|Sri Mulam Tirunal]] (r. 1885–1924) and signed by approximately 10,037 persons.<ref name="gp-pillai">{{cite journal |last=Nair |first=T. P. Sankarankutty |title=Govindan Parameswaran Pillai |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1976 |volume=37 |pages=356–360}}</ref>

Five years later, in 1896, Dr. [[Padmanabhan Palpu|P. Palpu]] (1863–1950), the pioneering champion of [[Ezhava]] uplift, submitted the famous '''Ezhava Memorial''' to the Maharaja. Pillai maintained close contact with Dr. Palpu and with C. V. Kunhiraman, another prominent Ezhava leader, in the joint effort to secure rights for the native communities of Travancore. Pillai played a key role in the collection of signatures and the submission of memorials during this period.<ref name="sankarankutty" />

== Mentorship and legacy ==

=== Influence on later leaders ===

Pillai's decades of activism and organisational work provided guidance and inspiration to a new generation of Nair leaders, several of whom went on to play decisive roles in Kerala's political and social history. Among his prominent followers were:

* '''[[Mannath Padmanabhan]]''' (1878–1970), who later founded the [[Nair Service Society]] (NSS) on 31 October 1914 and became one of the most influential social reformers in Kerala's history.
* '''[[Changanassery Parameswaran Pillai]]''' (1877–1940), who served as NSS President and later as a [[High Court of Kerala|High Court]] Judge.
* '''[[Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai]]''' (1877–1916), the fearless journalist who opposed the policies of Dewan P. Rajagopalachari through his newspaper ''[[Swadeshabhimani]]'' and was banished from Travancore in 1910 by executive order, with his press confiscated.<ref name="swadesabhimani">{{cite book |last=Nair |first=T. P. Sankarankutty |chapter=Swadesabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai – A Patriot Extraordinary |title=N.S.S. Smaranika |location=Trichur |year=1980 |pages=80–88}}</ref>

=== Foundation of the Nair Service Society ===

Pillai's half-century of work — founding organisations, submitting memorials, campaigning for legislative reform, and educating the community about the need for social change — laid the direct groundwork for the establishment of the [[Nair Service Society]] on 31 October 1914 by [[Mannath Padmanabhan]]. The NSS carried forward the reform agenda that Pillai had championed throughout his life and continues to function as a major community organisation in Kerala.<ref name="nss-charitram">{{cite book |title=N.S.S. Charitram |language=ml |publisher=N.S.S. Press |location=Changanacherry |year=1972 |pages=83–96}}</ref>

== Death ==

C. Krishna Pillai died on 8 July 1916 at the age of 65.<ref name="sankarankutty" /> By the time of his death, the Keraleeya Nair Samaj and other organisations he had helped build were well established, and the Nair Service Society — founded just two years earlier — was already growing into the powerful institution that would carry his reformist legacy forward.

== Recognition ==

Pillai is regarded as one of the most important, yet often overlooked, figures in the social history of modern Kerala. Historian T. P. Sankarankutty Nair has argued that the Nairs of modern Kerala owe a significant debt to C. Krishna Pillai, without whose sustained campaign they would not have achieved the degree of social freedom they enjoy today.<ref name="sankarankutty" /> His honorific title ''Samudayothejakan'' reflects the community's recognition of his role as the individual who awakened the Nairs of Travancore from what contemporaries described as a "deep slumber."<ref name="sankarankutty" />

== See also ==

* [[Nair Service Society]]
* [[Mannath Padmanabhan]]
* [[Malayali Memorial]]
* [[Marumakkathayam]]
* [[Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai]]
* [[Changanassery Parameswaran Pillai]]
* [[C. V. Raman Pillai]]
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|P. Palpu]]
* [[G. P. Pillai]]
* [[Kingdom of Travancore]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book |last1=Nair |first1=M. N. Damodaran |last2=Nair |first2=M. N. Sivaraman |title=Samudayothejakan C. Krishna Pillai |language=ml |publisher=National Book Depot |location=Kottayam |year=1930}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pillai |first1=V. R. Parameswaran |last2=Kamalamma |first2=P. |title=Mahaanmarum Mahatikalum (Biographical Studies of Great Men and Women) |language=ml |publisher=Vidyarthimitram |location=Kottayam |year=1984}}
* {{cite book |last=Menon |first=A. Sreedhara |title=A Survey of Kerala History |publisher=S. Viswanathan & Co. |location=Madras |year=1984}}
* {{cite book |title=N.S.S. Charitram |language=ml |publisher=N.S.S. Press |location=Changanacherry |year=1972}}
* ''Mahacharitha Samgraha Sagaram'' by Pallippattu Kunjukrishnan
* {{cite journal |last=Nair |first=T. P. Sankarankutty |title=The Genesis and Growth of the Social Reform Movement in Kerala |journal=Bulletin of Traditional Cultures |location=Madras |year=1978 |pages=105–130}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, C. Krishna}}
[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Scholars from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Travancore]]
[[Category:Indian civil rights activists]]

Renu Sukheja

2026-02-10T03:01:28Z

Samyakkpravesh: starting a data

{{Short description|Indian businesswoman}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Renu Sukheja
| image = Renu_Sukheja_Image,_December_2012.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1959|12|25}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation =
| spouse = Raj Sukheja
| children = Rohit Sukheja Reha Sukheja
| height = {{height|m=1.78}}
}}

'''Renu Sukheja''' ([[Hindi]]: {{lang|hi|रेनू सुखेजा}}, [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: {{lang|bn|রেনু সুখেজা}}, [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]: {{lang|sd|ڙعنو صوڪحعجا}}; born 25 December 1959) is an Indian [[businesswoman]], [[socialite]] and former [[model (person)|model]].<ref name="YouI">[http://www.youandimag.com/index.aspx?issue=issue212&page=34 You and I interview]{{dead link|date=October 2022}}</ref> She is the [[chief operating officer]] of [[Fashion]] and Media Consulting, Anthem Consulting Pvt. Ltd.<ref name="lIn">[http://in.linkedin.com/in/renusukheja Renu Sukheja Professional Profile]</ref> With a career spanning more than two decades in the [[fashion industry]], she is believed to be one of the most leading names in the world of [[fashion]], [[mass media|media]] and [[show business|showbiz]] in [[South India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hybiz.tv/Renu-Sukheja-Miss-Hyderabad-Jury-02/163102 |title=Miss-Hyderabad-Jury-02/163102 |access-date=16 December 2012 |archive-date=3 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503112400/http://www.hybiz.tv/Renu-Sukheja-Miss-Hyderabad-Jury-02/163102 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/pressmeet-groomingworkshop.html Neeraj Gaba Workshop]</ref><ref name="YouI"/>

She has organised numerous grooming [[workshops]] for training girls for [[nation]]al and international [[beauty pageants]] selections, held across India and in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meraevents.com/event/GROOMING-WORKSHOP |title=Grooming Workshop in Hyderabad |access-date=16 December 2012 |archive-date=7 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207184629/http://www.meraevents.com/event/GROOMING-WORKSHOP |url-status=dead }}</ref> She has worked along with her husband, Raj Sukheja and renowned Indian Management Consultant Neeraj Gaba of [[I AM She – Miss Universe India]] fame in organizing various such grooming [[workshops]] for both men and women in various [[India]]n cities.<ref name="jury">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hybiz.tv/Renu-Sukheja--Miss-Hyderabad-Jury-01/163101 |title=Miss-Hyderabad-Jury-01/163101 |access-date=16 December 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131231/http://www.hybiz.tv/Renu-Sukheja--Miss-Hyderabad-Jury-01/163101 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] was the first city for this Pan India grooming wave. The event was managed by Anthem Entertainment, a division of Anthem Consulting Pvt. Ltd.<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/pressmeet-groomingworkshop.html Grooming Expert Press Meet]</ref>

==Personal life==
Renu Sukheja was born on 25 December 1959 in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]. She grew up in [[Kolkata]] and completed her schooling and education there. After marrying Raj Sukheja, she moved to [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]. She has two children, Rohit Sukheja and Reha Sukheja. Reha Sukheja is a successful [[India]]n model and the first runner up at [[I AM She – Miss Universe India]] 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iam-she.com/v2/textual.php?id=1 |title=I AM She 2010 Winners |access-date=17 December 2012 |archive-date=22 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122025012/http://www.iam-she.com/v2/textual.php?id=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.iam-she.com/v2/textual.php?id=8# I Am She 2010 Reha Sukheja]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Reha is the first model from Hyderabad to make it into the [[Lakme Fashion Week]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.channel6.in/articles/hyderabadi-girl-romances-the-ramp-mar11/ |title=Lakme Fashion Week Reha Sukheja |access-date=17 December 2012 |archive-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420175408/http://www.channel6.in/articles/hyderabadi-girl-romances-the-ramp-mar11/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Professional life==
Renu Sukheja is the [[chief operating officer]] of [[Fashion]] and Media Consulting, Anthem Consulting Pvt. Ltd. She has organized various Grooming [[workshops]] in many major Indian cities for both women and men and supported many Beauty Pageants,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clearhai.com/kalamandir-miss-hyderabad-evokes-unprecedented-response/ |title=Kalamandir Miss Hyderabad Image Consultant |access-date=16 December 2012 |archive-date=12 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212180731/http://www.clearhai.com/kalamandir-miss-hyderabad-evokes-unprecedented-response/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> behind the Kalamandir Miss Hyderabad.<ref name="jury"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hybiz.tv/Renu-Sukheja-Miss-Hyderabad-Jury-02/163102 |title=Kalamandir Miss Hyderabad Grooming |access-date=16 December 2012 |archive-date=3 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503112400/http://www.hybiz.tv/Renu-Sukheja-Miss-Hyderabad-Jury-02/163102 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She has also been a consultant for managing and setting up the [[Beauty Pageant]] scene in the [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu]] movie [[Life Is Beautiful (2012 film)]] by [[Indian film]] [[Film director|director]] [[Sekhar Kammula]].<ref name="lIn"/>

==Limca World Record==
[[File:Renu Sukheja with Sushmita Sen at I AM She 2012 Final, September 21.jpg|thumb| Renu Sukheja with former [[Miss Universe]] [[Sushmita Sen]] at the [[I AM She – Miss Universe India]] 2012]]
In the year 2010, at the age of 50, Renu Sukheja successfully attempted to set a world record for Elliptical Marathon. Renu Sukheja is now a World Record Holder [[Limca Book of Records]] for working out continually on the elliptical cross trainer (cardiovascular fitness equipment) for 15 hours at Helios Fitness Center in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100310102336/http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/06/stories/2010030666930200.htm Limca Book of Records]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Renu Sukheja}}
*[http://ebhagnaris.blogspot.in/2010/03/renu-sukheja-attempts-lima-world-record.html Limca World Record for Elliptical Marathon]
*[http://www.youandimag.com/index.aspx?issue=issue212&page=34 Renu Sukheja Interview You and I Magazine]{{dead link|date=October 2022}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukheja, Renu}}
[[Category:Businesspeople from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Female models from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian chief operating officers]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]

Pon Jayaseelan

2026-02-09T05:29:01Z

Samyakkpravesh: expanded references based on references per sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pon. Jayseelan
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart = 12 May 2021
| constituency = [[Gudalur Assembly constituency|Gudalur]]
| predecessor = [[M. Thiravidamani]]
| successor =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1973|06|03}}
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = Politician
| father = Ponniah
}}
'''Pon Jayaseelan''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon.Jayaseelan(AIADMK):Constituency- GUDALUR (SC)(THE NILGIRIS) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1075|access-date=2021-05-10|website=myneta.info}}</ref> He is a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-02|title=Gudalur Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Pon Jayaseelan of AIADMK Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/gudalur-election-result-2021-live-updates-gudalur-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3697118.html|access-date=2021-05-10|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref> He was elected as a member of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Gudalur Assembly constituency|Gudalur]] Constituency in May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Jayaseelan {{!}} Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/pon-jayaseelan-gudalur-(sc)-candidate-s22a109c002/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=News18}}</ref>

==Elections contested==
=== Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections ===
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="font-size: 85%"
!Elections
!Constituency
!Party
!Result
!Vote percentage
!Opposition candidate
!Opposition party
!Opposition vote percentage
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Gudalur Assembly constituency|Gudalur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||{{Won}}||47.00||S. Kasilingam||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||45.58
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaseelan, Pon}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Bredolab botnet

2026-02-02T06:44:49Z

Samyakkpravesh:

{{Short description|E-mail spamming botnet}}
The '''Bredolab botnet''', also known by its alias '''Oficla''',<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/Threat/Encyclopedia/Search.aspx?query=Bredolab Search the malware encyclopedia: Bredolab], Microsoft.com</ref> was a Russian<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |author=Dan Raywood |url=http://www.scmagazineuk.com/bredolab-botnet-taken-down-after-dutch-intervention/article/181737/ |title=Bredolab botnet taken down after Dutch intervention |publisher=SC Magazine UK |date=2010-10-26 |accessdate=2012-01-28 |archive-date=28 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028004636/http://www.scmagazineuk.com/bredolab-botnet-taken-down-after-dutch-intervention/article/181737/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[botnet]] mostly involved in [[Computer virus|viral]] [[e-mail spam]]. Before the botnet was eventually dismantled in November 2010 through the seizure of its [[command and control (malware)|command and control]] [[Server (computing)|servers]], it was estimated to consist of millions of [[zombie computer]]s.<ref>{{cite web |author=James Wray and Ulf Stabe |url=http://www.thetechherald.com/article.php/201043/6346/Researchers-Bredolab-still-lurking-though-severely-injured-Update-3 |title=Researchers: Bredolab still lurking, though severely injured (Update 3) - Security |publisher=Thetechherald.com |date=2010-10-28 |accessdate=2012-01-28 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003143933/http://www.thetechherald.com/article.php/201043/6346/Researchers-Bredolab-still-lurking-though-severely-injured-Update-3 |archivedate=2011-10-03 }}</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/view/13620/bredolab-downed-botnet-linked-with-spamitcom/ |title=Infosecurity (UK) - BredoLab downed botnet linked with Spamit.com |publisher=Infosecurity-magazine.com |date=2010-11-01 |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Help Net Security |url=http://www.net-security.org/secworld.php?id=10089 |title=The aftermath of the Bredolab botnet shutdown |publisher=Net-security.org |date=2010-11-02 |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref>

The countries most affected by the botnet were [[Russia]] itself, [[Uzbekistan]], the [[US]], Europe, [[India]], [[Vietnam]] and the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaspersky Threats — Bredolab |url=https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/threat/Backdoor.Win32.Bredolab/ |website=threats.kaspersky.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Operations ==
Though the earliest reports surrounding the Bredolab botnet originate from May 2009 (when the first malware samples of the Bredolab [[trojan horse (computing)|trojan horse]] were found) the botnet itself did not rise to prominence until August 2009, when there was a major surge in the size of the botnet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.trendmicro.com/imperia/md/content/us/trendwatch/researchandanalysis/bredolab_final.pdf |title=Security Threat Reports - Research Analysis - Trend Micro USA |publisher=Us.trendmicro.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2009-052907-2436-99 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720070545/http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2009-052907-2436-99 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 July 2009 |title=Trojan.Bredolab |publisher=Symantec |date= |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref> Bredonet's main form of propagation was through sending malicious e-mails that included [[malware]] attachments which would infect a computer when opened, effectively turning the computer into another zombie controlled by the botnet. At its peak, the botnet was capable of sending 3.6 billion infected emails every day.<ref name=autogenerated7>{{cite web|url=http://www.infosecurity-us.com/view/13461/dutch-government-shuts-down-bredolab-botnet |title=Infosecurity (USA) - Dutch government shuts down Bredolab botnet |publisher=Infosecurity-us.com |date=2010-10-26 |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref> The other main form of propagation was through the use of [[drive-by download]]s - a method which exploits [[security vulnerabilities]] in software. This method allowed the botnet to bypass software protection in order to facilitate downloads without the user being aware of them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2009-052907-2436-99&tabid=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724153514/http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2009-052907-2436-99&tabid=2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 July 2009 |title=Trojan.Bredolab Technical Details |publisher=Symantec |date= |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref>

The main income of the botnet was generated through leasing parts of the botnet to third parties who could subsequently use these infected systems for their own purposes, and security researchers estimate that the owner of the botnet made up to $139,000 a month from botnet related activities.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated1>[https://archive.today/20130122224841/http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Bredolab-Down-But-Far-From-Out-After-Botnet-Takedown-160657/ Bredolab Down but Far from Out After Botnet Takedown], 28 October 2010</ref><ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite web |url=http://news.techworld.com/security/3246311/more-bredolab-arrests-may-occur-say-dutch-prosecutors/ |title=More Bredolab arrests may occur, say Dutch prosecutors - Techworld.com |publisher=News.techworld.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-28 |archive-date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123033259/http://news.techworld.com/security/3246311/more-bredolab-arrests-may-occur-say-dutch-prosecutors |url-status=dead }}</ref> Due to the rental business strategy, the payload of Bredolab has been very diverse, and ranged from [[scareware]] to [[malware]] and [[e-mail spam]].<ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite web|last=Schwartz |first=Mathew J. |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/security/vulnerabilities/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=228000344&subSection=News |title=Bredolab Botnet Still Spewing Malware - Bredolab Botnet |publisher=InformationWeek |date=2010-10-29 |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref>

=== Dismantling and aftermath ===
On 25 October 2010, a team of Dutch law enforcement agents seized control of 143 servers which contained three command & control servers, one database server and several management servers from the Bredolab botnet in [[EvoSwitch|a datacenter]] from [[LeaseWeb]],<ref name="de Graaf 2012">{{cite journal|last=de Graaf|first=JD|title=BREDOLAB: Shopping in the Cybercrime Underworld|journal=ICDF2C Conference|year=2012|url=http://digitalfire.ucd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/BREDOLAB-Shopping-in-the-Cybercrime-Underworld.pdf|publisher=Springer-Verlag}}</ref> effectively removing the [[bot herder|botnet herder's]] ability to control the botnet centrally.<ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref name=autogenerated6 /><ref>{{cite news|author=Josh Halliday |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/oct/26/bredolab-worm-suspect-arrested-armenia |title=Suspected Bredolab worm mastermind arrested in Armenia | Technology |publisher=guardian.co.uk |date= 2010-10-26|accessdate=2012-01-28 |location=London}}</ref> In an attempt to regain control of his botnet, the botnet herder utilized 220,000 computers which were still under his control, to unleash a [[DDoS]] attack on LeaseWeb servers, though these attempts were ultimately in vain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Suspected-Bredolab-Runner-Arrested-in-Armenia-163068.shtml |title=Suspected Bredolab Botnet Runner Arrested in Armenia - Softpedia |publisher=News.softpedia.com |date=2010-10-26 |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref> After taking control of the botnet, the law enforcement team utilized the botnet itself to send a message to owners of infected computers, stating that their computer was part of the botnet.<ref name=autogenerated7 /><ref name=autogenerated4>[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/10/29/bredolab_botnet_death_throes/ Undead Bredolab zombie network lashes out from the grave], 29 October 2010</ref>

Subsequently, [[Armenia]]n law enforcement officers arrested an Armenian citizen, [[Georgy Avanesov]],<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://krebsonsecurity.com/2010/10/bredolab-mastermind-was-key-spamit-com-affiliate/ |title=Bredolab Mastermind Was Key Spamit.com Affiliate — Krebs on Security |publisher=Krebsonsecurity.com |date=2010-10-30 |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref> on the basis of being the suspected mastermind behind the botnet. The suspect denied any such involvement in the botnet.<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref name=autogenerated6 /> He was sentenced to four years in prison in May 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian spam mastermind jailed for creating botnet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-18189987 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=24 May 2012 |accessdate=24 May 2012}}</ref>

While the seizure of the command and control servers severely disrupted the botnet's ability to operate,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countermeasures.trendmicro.eu/bredolab-dead-dying-or-dormant/ |title=Bredolab, dead, dying or dormant? » CounterMeasures |publisher=Countermeasures.trendmicro.eu |date=2010-10-26 |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref> the botnet itself is still partially intact, with command and control servers persisting in Russia and Kazakhstan.<ref name=autogenerated4 /> Security firm [[FireEye]] believes that a secondary group of botnet herders has taken over the remaining part of the botnet for their own purposes, possibly a previous client who [[reverse engineered]] parts of the original botnet creator's code. Even so, the group noted that the botnet's size and capacity has been severely reduced by the law enforcement intervention.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref name="de Graaf 2012"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Atif Mushtaq on 2010.10.26 |url=http://blog.fireeye.com/research/2010/10/bredolab-severely-injured-but-not-dead.html |title=FireEye Malware Intelligence Lab: Bredolab - Severely Injured but not dead |publisher=Blog.fireeye.com |date=2010-10-26 |accessdate=2012-01-28}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Botnets}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}

[[Category:Web security exploits]]
[[Category:Distributed computing projects]]
[[Category:Spamming]]
[[Category:Botnets]]
[[Category:Cybercrime in India]]

Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan

2026-02-01T20:17:05Z

Samyakkpravesh: new - done

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ram Yashvardhan]]|[[Manul Chudasama]]|[[Sheezan Khan]]}}
| open_theme = Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Ravan
| end_theme =
| composer = [[Ila Arun]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ila Arun shares her stalking experience|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/ila-arun-shares-her-stalking-experience-118121100704_1.html|date=18 December 2018|website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 208
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Suzana Ghai
| director = Faheim Inamdar Sayed
| runtime = 20-24 minutes
| company = Panorama Entertainment Pvt Ltd
| network = [[Star Bharat]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|01|21|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2019|09|21|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan''''' ({{Translation|''Once there was a Queen and a Villain''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language drama television series that premiered from 21 January 2019 to 21 September 2019 on [[Star Bharat]] and is digitally available on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref name="on-air" >{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-raavan-serial-very-soon-meet-audience/|title='एक थी रानी, एक था रावण' लवकरच प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला|date=15 January 2019|website=Lokmat}}</ref><ref name="end" >{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-ravan-to-wrap-up-on-sept-28/articleshow/71064488.cms|title='Ek Thi Rani, Ek Tha Ravan' to wrap up on Sept 28 - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=11 September 2019 }}</ref> An adaptation of ''[[Darr]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/inspired-by-srk-s-darr-700988|title=Inspired by SRK's Darr|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> it starred [[Ram Yashvardhan]], [[Manul Chudasama]] and [[Sheezan Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/ram-yashvardhan-to-play-bhaironath-66847|title=Ram Yashvardhan to play Bhaironath|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref><ref name="Manul" >{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhopal/debutant-actress-manul-chudasma-visits-the-city-of-lakes/articleshow/67689480.cms|title=Debutant actress Manul Chudasma visits the city of lakes - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=27 January 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Sheezan" >{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/sheezan-mohammad-on-all-his-firsts-exclusive-nazar-2/videoshow/75162759.cms|title=Sheezan Mohammad on all his firsts |Exclusive| |Nazar 2| | TV - Times of India Videos|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story revolves around Rani and her stalker Rivaaj. Rivaaj saw Rani at the college and instantly fell for her courageous nature. Ever since Rivaaj keeping Stalking Rani. Rivaaj propose Rani which she rejects. Out of frustration Rivaaj decided to marry Rani's sister Rukmini. Rivaaj plans to switch brides during the wedding to marry Rani. However his plan backfires and Rani marries Rivaaj mentally delayed brother Raghav.

Rivaaj tries everything he can to obtain Rani. When all his attempts backfired, Rivaaj burned Raghav and Rani Alive. Raghav died and Rani survived. Rani underwent plastic surgery and comes back under the name Mayura. Ruvaaj has become a successful actor. Mayura becomes Rivaaj's person bodyguard. Eventually after a lot of efforts Mayura burned Rivaaj in the same warehouse he burned Rani and Raghav.

== Cast ==
* [[Ram Yashvardhan]] as Rivaaj/Ram<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mayapurimagazine.com/hi/television/manul-and-ram-bond-over-keto-diet-on-the-sets-of-ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-raavan|title='एक थी रानी एक था रावण' शो के दुश्मन ऑफस्क्रीन पर हैं अच्छे दोस्त|access-date=23 November 2022|archive-date=23 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123022021/https://mayapurimagazine.com/hi/television/manul-and-ram-bond-over-keto-diet-on-the-sets-of-ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-raavan|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Manul Chudasama]] as Rani<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mayapuri.com/hi/television/star-bharat-launches-prime-time-show-that-reiterates-the-strengths-of-todays-women|title=एक थी रानी एक था रावण जब बात इज़्ज़त पर आती है, तो हर नारी बन सकती है झाँसी की रानी}}</ref>
**[[Srishti Jain]] as Rani/Mayura
* [[Sheezan Khan]] as Raghav
* Natasha Singh as Kesha
* [[Sara Khan (actress, born 1989)|Sara Khan]] as Dancer (Ringa ringa)
* Devaksh Rai as Journalist
* Karrtik Rao as Kartik

== Production ==
The series was announced in 2019 by [[Star Bharat]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/star-bharat-launches-prime-time-show-ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-raavan-on-21st-jan-that-reiterates-strengths-of-todays-women/|title=Star Bharat launches prime time show 'Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan' on 21st Jan that reiterates strengths of today's|date=11 January 2019}}</ref> an official television adaptation of the 1993 [[Bollywood|Hindi]] film ''[[Darr]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/inspired-by-srk%E2%80%99s-darr-700988|title=Inspired by SRK's Darr|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> The promos were released in December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mayapurimagazine.com/hi/television/what-brings-rivaaj-back-to-sisodiya-residence|title='एक थी रानी एक था रावण' शो में रानी करेंगी रिवाज का पर्दाफाश|access-date=23 November 2022|archive-date=23 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123030414/https://mayapurimagazine.com/hi/television/what-brings-rivaaj-back-to-sisodiya-residence|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Ram Yashvardhan'' was cast in the titular role, and was joined by [[Manul Chudasama]] and [[Sheezan Khan]] as leads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thelivenagpur.com/2019/07/29/ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-raavan-rivaaj-to-be-seen-in-double-role/|title=Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan Rivaaj to be Seen in Double Role|first=T. L. N.|last=Team|date=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Manul" /><ref name="Sheezan" /> Due to creative differences [[Manul Chudasama]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/tv-tv-actress-changed-from-show-for-not-being-stylish-enough-ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-raavan-ssm-2145121.html|title=छोटे कपड़ों और ग्लैमरस दिखने का काम तो मैं भी कर सकती थी | tv actress changed from show for not being stylish enough ek thi rani ek tha raavan ssm|date=27 June 2019|website=News18 हिंदी}}</ref> was replaced overnight with [[Srishti Jain]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/ek-thi-rani-ek-tha-raavan-lead-actress-manul-chudasma-ousted-overnight-srishti-jain-to-replace-her-1020429|title='Star Bharat' lead actress Manul Chudasma ousted overnight; Srishti Jain to replace her!|first=Filmymonkey|last=Team|date=26 June 2019|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref> Natasha Singh was cast to portray the negative lead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/natasha-singh-on-her-plans-to-do-interesting-roles/videoshow/78296153.cms|title=Natasha Singh on her plans to do interesting roles | TV - Times of India Videos|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> [[Mahek Chahal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/former-bigg-boss-contestants-mahek-chahal-to-feature-in-show-on-stalking-1412976-2018-12-19|title=Former Bigg Boss contestants Mahek Chahal to feature in show on stalking|website=India Today|date=26 July 2015 }}</ref> had a cameo appearance in the show, but later replaced with [[Sara Khan (actress, born 1989)|Sara Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/sara-khan-steps-shoes-mahek-chahal/|title=महक चहलच्या जागी सारा खानची वर्णी|date=4 January 2019|website=Lokmat}}</ref> It premeried on [[Star Bharat]] from 21 January 2019<ref name="on-air" /> and went off-air within 9 months on 21 September 2019, due to low viewership.<ref name="end" />

== See also ==
* [[List of programs broadcast by Star Bharat]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|9553284}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/ek-thi-rani/1260003260 ''Ek Thi Rani Ek Tha Raavan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113155020/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/ek-thi-rani/1260003260 |date=13 November 2022 }} on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Star Bharat original programming]]

1945 Indian general election

2026-01-25T10:59:49Z

Samyakkpravesh:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = British India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1934 Indian general election
| previous_year = 1934
| next_election = 1946 Indian Constituent Assembly election
| next_year = 1946
| election_date = December 1945
| seats_for_election = 102 elected seats
| image1 = Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.jpg
| leader1 = [[Abul Kalam Azad]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/here-is-a-list-of-past-presidents-of-indian-national-congress-4967084/ |title=Indian National Congress: From 1885 till 2017, a brief history of past presidents |website=indianexpress.com |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514161101/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/here-is-a-list-of-past-presidents-of-indian-national-congress-4967084/ |archive-date=14 May 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| seats1 = 57
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 15
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| image2 = Jinnah1945c.jpg
| leader2 = [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
| party2 = All-India Muslim League
| seats2 = 30
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 30
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| title =
| posttitle =
| after_election =
| after_party =
| map = [[File:Indian General Election 1945.svg|300px]]
| majority_seats = 52
}}
{{Politics of India}}

General elections were held in [[British Raj|British India]] in December 1945 to elect members of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] and the [[Council of State (India)|Council of State]].<ref name="Vohra">{{cite book|last=Vohra|first=Ranbir|title=The Making of India: A Political History|date=19 December 2012 |page=176|publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=9780765629852 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3oXLluy2m_MC&pg=PA177}}</ref> Election under [[Government of India Act 1935]] were held with limited franchise and only around 10% of the population in direct British controlled provinces were eligible to vote based on their income and property. The [[Indian National Congress]] emerged as the largest party, winning 57 of the 102 elected seats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/fullscreen.html?object=110|title=-- Schwartzberg Atlas -- Digital South Asia Library|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref> The [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] won all Muslim constituencies, but failed to win any other seats. Of the 13 remaining seats, 8 went to Europeans, 3 to independents, and 2 to Akali candidates in the Sikh constituencies of [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=260&view=text|title=-- Schwartzberg Atlas -- Digital South Asia Library|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref> This election coupled with the [[1946 Indian provincial elections|provincial one in 1946]] proved to be a [[strategic]] victory for Jinnah and the partitionists. Even though Congress won, the League had united the Muslim vote and as such it gained the negotiating power to seek a separate Muslim homeland as it became clear that a united India would prove highly unstable. The elected members later formed the [[Constituent Assembly of India]].

These were the last general elections in British India, subsequent elections in [[India|Independent India]] were held in [[1951 Indian general election|1951]].

==Background==
On 19 September 1945, the Viceroy [[Lord Wavell]] announced that elections to the central and provincial legislatures would be held in December 1945 to January 1946. It was also announced that an executive council would be formed and a constitution-making body would be convened after these elections.<ref name="Vohra"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Sen|first=S. N.|title=History of the Freedom Movement in India (1857-1947)|year=1997 |page=317|publisher=New Age International |isbn=9788122410495 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hssXP1hBYscC&pg=PA318}}</ref>

Although the [[Government of India Act 1935]] had proposed an all-India federation, it could not take place because the government held that the [[Princely state]]s were unwilling to join it. Consequently, rather than choosing 375 members, only 102 elective seats were to be filled. Hence the elections to the central legislature were held under the terms of the [[Government of India Act 1919]].

==Results==
===Central Legislative Assembly===
{{Election results
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|seats1=57
|party2=[[All-India Muslim League]]|seats2=30
|party3=[[Akali Dal (1920)|Akali Dal]]|seats3=2
|party4=Europeans|seats4=8
|party5=Independents|seats5=5
|source=Schwartzberg Atlas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=110|title=-- Schwartzberg Atlas -- Digital South Asia Library|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref>
}}

One Independent member from Bengal representing the Commerce Constituency (Bengal Mahajan Sabha) had after his election joined the INC changing the tally of the INC to 58 and Independents to 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Return showing the Results of Elections to the Central Legislative Assembly |url=https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Return_showing_the_Results_of_Elections_to_the_Central_Legislative_Assembly.pdf |publisher=Manager of Government of India Press |year=1948 |location=Delhi |access-date=2025-09-01}}</ref>

===Membership by province===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Province
!Europeans
!Independent
!Minor parties
!Congress (General/Non-Muhammadan)
!Congress (Non-General)
!Muslim League
!Total
|-
|align=left|[[Assam]]|| 1||0 || ||2|| ||1
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Ajmer-Merwara]]|| || || ||1 || || ||1
|-
|align=left|[[Bengal]]||3 ||1 || ||6||1 ||6
|17
|-
|align=left|[[Bihar]]|| ||1 || ||6|| || 3||10
|-
|-
|align=left|[[Orissa]]|| || || ||2|| || ||2
|-
|align=left|[[Bombay]]|| 2 || 1 || || 6 || 2 ||3
|14
|-
|align=left|[[Central Provinces]]|| || || || 4 || 1 ||1
|6
|-
|align=left|[[Delhi]]|| || || || 1 || || ||1
|-
|align=left|[[1934 Madras Presidency legislative council election|Madras]]|| 1 || || || 10 || 2 ||3
|16
|-
|align=left|[[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier Province]]|| || || || || 1<ref>History Modern India, S. N. Sen {{ISBN|8122417744}}</ref> || 0||1
|-
|align=left|[[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]]|| || 1 || 2 ([[Akali Dal]]) || 3 || ||6<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mujahid |first1=Sharif al |title=1945-46 Elections and Pakistan: Punjab's Pivotal Role |journal=Pakistan Vision |date=2010 |volume=11 |issue=1 |url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/studies/PDF-FILES/Artical%20No-1.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Study Centre |issn=1681-5742}}</ref> ||12
|-
|align=left|[[Sind Province (1936–55)|Sind]]|| || || ||1 || || 1||2
|-
|align=left|[[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]]|| 1 || 1 || || 8 || ||6
|16
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''|| '''8''' || '''5''' || '''2''' || '''50'''<ref name="auto"/> || '''7''' ||30 ||'''102'''
|}

==Members of the Central Legislative Assembly==
<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.11657/page/n121/mode/2up|title=The Indian Year Book|editor=[[Stanley Reed (British politician)|Reed, Sir Stanley]]|year=1947|page=75|chapter=The Indian Legislative Assembly}}</ref>
* '''President:''' [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]]
* '''Deputy President:''' [[Muhammad Yamin Khan|Sir Muhammad Yamin Khan]]
* '''Secretary:''' [[M. N. Kaul]]
* '''Deputy Secretary:''' [[M. V. H. Collins]]
* '''Assistant Secretary:''' [[A. J. M. Atkinson]]
* '''Marshal:''' [[Nur Ahmed Khan|Khan Bahadur Sardar Nur Ahmed Khan]]

===Nominated members===
* '''Nominated Officials:''' [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Liaquat Ali Khan]], [[Vallabhbhai Patel|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], [[Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar]], [[Asaf Ali]], [[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]], [[John Matthai|Doctor John Matthai]], [[Jagjivan Ram]], [[Jogendra Nath Mandal]], [[Sir George Spence]], [[Samuel Harrison Yardley Oulsnam]], [[Binay Ranjan Sen]], [[Balwant Singh Puri]], [[S. C. Joshi]], [[K. G. Ambegaonkar|Krishnanath Ganesh Ambegaonkar]], [[Ram Nath (politician)|Ram Nath]], [[M. V. Rangachari]], [[Wilfred Harold Shoobert|Sir Wilfred Harold Shoobert]], [[B. K. Gokhale]], [[Govardhan Shankerlal Bhalja]], [[Pheroze Merwan Kharegat|Sir Pheroze Merwan Kharegat]], [[E. Ingoldsby|Sir E. Ingoldsby]]
* '''Nominated Non-Officials:''' [[Frank Anthony|Frank R. Anthony]], [[Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee|Lieutenant Colonel Doctor J. C. Chatterjee]], [[N. Sivaraj|Rao Bahadur Namasivayam Sivaraj]], [[Maniben Kara]], [[S. Guruswami]], [[Sir Cowasji Jehangir, 2nd Baronet]], [[D. M. Bhattacharya|Rai Bahadur D. M. Bhattacharya]], [[Ahmed Ali Khan Alvi|Raja Saiyid Ahmed Ali Khan Alvi]], [[Chaudhri Sir Chand]], [[Khan Bahadur Sharbat Khan]], [[Ramachandra Mardaraj Deo|Raja Bahadur Ramachandra Mardaraj Deo]], [[Sardar Harendra Singh|Captain Sardar Harendra Singh]], [[P. G. Solanki|Doctor P. G. Solanki]], [[Himmatsinhji (general)|Colonel Kumar Shri Himmatsinhji]], [[Lieutenant Commander Aftab Ali]], [[D. D. Howell Thomas]] (European), [[L. S. Vaidyanathan]]

===Elected members===
* '''Ajmer-Merwara:''' [[Mukat Behari Lal Bhargava]]
* '''Assam:''' [[Rohini Kumar Chaudhuri]] (Assam Valley General), [[Arun Kumar Chanda]] (Surma Valley cum Shillong General), [[Nawab Ali Asghar Khan]] (Muslim), [[P. J. Griffiths]] (European)
* '''Bengal:''' [[Sarat Chandra Bose]], [[Nagendranath Mukherjee]], [[Debendra Lal Khan|Babu Debendra Lal Khan]], [[Shashanka Shekhar Sanyal]], [[Kshitish Chandra Neogy]], [[Satyapriya Banerjee|Babu Satyapriya Banerjee]], [[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]], [[Hassan Suhrawardy|Sir Hassan Suhrawardy]], [[Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan]] (Dacca-cum-Mymensingh Muslim), Haji Chowdhury Muhammad Ismail Khan (Burdwan & Presidency Muslim), Shaikh Rafiuddin Ahmad Siddique (Chittagong Muslim), [[Shah Abdul Hamid]] (Rajshahi Muslim), [[Geoffrey W. Tyson]] (European), [[C. P. Lawson]] (European), [[M. A. F. Hirtzel]] (European), [[Dhritikanta Lahiri Choudhury|Babu Dhritikanta Lahiri Choudhury]] (Landholders), [[Ananda Mohan Poddar]]
* '''Bihar & Orissa:''' [[Satya Narayan Sinha]] (Darbhanga cum Saran General), [[Bepin Bihari Verma]] (Muzaffarpur-cum-Champaran General), [[Bhagirathi Mahapatra]] (Orissa General), [[Sri Jagannathdas]] (Orissa General), [[Ramayan Prasad]], [[Gauri Shankar Saran Singh]], [[Banarsi Prasad Jhunjhunwala]] (Bhagalpur, Purnea & Santhal districts General), [[Ram Narayan Singh]] (Hazaribagh General), [[Muhammad Nauman]], [[Chowdhry Muhammad Abid Hussain]], [[Khan Bahadur Habibur Rahman]], [[Madan Dhari Singh]]
* '''Bombay:''' Dr. Gopalrao V. Deshmukh (Bombay City General), [[R. Masani]], [[Seth Sukhdev|Sukhdev Udhavdas]] (Sind General), [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]] (Bombay Northern General), [[Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer]] (Bombay Central Muslim), [[Narhar Vishnu Gadgil]] (Bombay Central General), [[B. S. Hiray]], [[D. P. Karmarkar|Dattatraya Parashuram Karmarkar]] (Bombay Southern General), [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (Bombay City Muslim), [[Abdullah Haroon|Seth Abdullah Haroon]] (Sind Muslim), [[Mahomed Musa Killedar]] (Bombay Northern Muslim), [[H. G. Stokes]] (European), [[Leslie Gwilt]] (European), [[Manu Subedar]], [[Sardar Narayanrao Ganpatrao Vinchoorkar]], [[Vadilal Lallubhai]]
* '''Central Provinces and Berar:''' [[Prasadrao Keshavrao Salve]], [[G. B. Dani]], [[P. B. Gole]], [[Seth Govind Das]] (Hindi Divisions), Khan Saheb Nawab Siddique Ali Khan (Muslim), Seth Sheodass Daga (Landholders)
* '''Delhi:''' [[Asaf Ali]]
* '''Madras:''' [[Ammu Swaminathan]], [[N. Narayana Murthy]], [[V. Gangaraju]], [[N. G. Ranga|Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga]] (Guntur-cum-Nellore General), [[M. A. Ayyangar|Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar]] (Madras ceded districts & Chittoor General), [[V. C. Vellingiri Gounder]], [[R. Venkatasubba Reddiar]], [[T. V. Satakopa Chari]], [[S. T. Adityan]], [[A. Karunakara Menon]], [[Muhammad Rahmatullah]], [[J. Jamal Moideen Saib]], [[Haji Abdul Sathar Haji Essak Seit]] (West Coast & Nilgiris Muslim), [[Ralph Camroux Morris]] (European), [[M. K. Jinachandran]], [[T. A. Ramalingam|Tiruppur Angappa Ramalingam Chettiar]] (Salem & Coimbatore cum North Arcot General)
* '''NWFP:''' [[Abdul Ghaffar Khan]]
* '''Punjab:''' [[Thakur Das Bhargava]], [[Raizada Hans Raj]] (Jullundur General), [[Diwan Chaman Lall]] (West Punjab General), [[Syed Ghulam Bhik Nairang]] (East Punjab Muslim), [[Zafar Ali Khan]] (East Central Punjab Muslim), [[Hafiz Mohammad Abdullah]] (West Central Punjab Muslim), [[Muhammad Mehr Shah|Nawab Sahibzada Sayed Sir Muhammad Mehr Shah]] (North Punjab Muslim),Muhammad yousaf khan Golra[North punjab muslim], [[Syed Abid Hussain Shah]], [[Sher Shah Jeelani|Khan Bahadur Makhdum Syed Sher Shah Jeelani]], [[Mangal Singh|Sardar Mangal Singh]] (East Punjab Sikh), [[Sampuran Singh|Sardar Sampuran Singh]] (West Punjab Sikh), [[Surjit Singh Majithia|Squadron Leader Sardar Surjit Singh Majithia]]
* '''United Provinces:''' [[Pandit Balkrishna Sharma]], Krishna Chandra Sharma, Pandit Sri Krishna Dutta Paliwal (Agra General), Seth Damodar Swaroop, [[Govind Malaviya|Pandit Govind Malaviya]], [[Sri Prakasa]] (Allahabad & Jhansi General), [[Mohanlal Saksena]], [[Jogendra Singh (politician)|Sardar Jogendra Singh]], [[Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan|Muhammad Ismail Khan]], [[Muhammad Yamin Khan|Sir Muhammad Yamin Khan]] (Agra Muslim), [[Liaquat Ali Khan|Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan]], [[Khan Bahadur Hafiz M. Ghazanfarulla]], [[Ziauddin Ahmad|Doctor Sir Ziauddin Ahmad]] (UP Southern Muslim), [[Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan|Khan Bahadur Raja Mohammad Amir Ahmad Khan]], [[A. C. Inskip]] (European), [[Vijaya Ananda|Sir Vijaya Ananda]]

==See also==
* [[Interim Government of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bangladeshi elections}}
{{Indian elections}}
{{Pakistani elections}}

[[Category:1945 elections in India|General]]
[[Category:1945 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:December 1945 in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1945 elections in the British Empire|India]]
[[Category:General elections in British India]]

Pawari

2026-01-18T08:36:00Z

Samyakkpravesh: starting new post

{{Short description|Dialect of Malvi}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Bhoyari / Pawari
|nativename=भोयरी
|states=India
|speakers=
|date=
|ref=
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
|fam4=[[Rajasthani Languages|Rajasthani]]
|fam5=[[Malvi language|Malvi]]
|iso3=
|isoexception = dialect
|glotto=bhoy1241
|glottorefname=
}}

'''Bhoyari''' or '''Pawari''' is an [[Indo-Aryan language|Indo-Aryan dialect]] of central India, exclusively spoken by the people of the '''Kshatriya Pawar (Pawar / Bhoyar Pawar)''' caste.<ref>{{cite book|title=Census of India,1901| date=1902 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eC9RAAAAYAAJ&dq=Bhoyari+language&pg=PA63}}</ref> It is a dialect of the [[Malvi language|Rajasthani Malvi]] language, primarily spoken in the regions of [[Betul district|Betul]], [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]], [[Pandhurna district|Pandhurna]], and [[Wardha district|Wardha]] by the people of the Kshatriya Pawar (Bhoyar Pawar) caste.<ref name="w663">{{cite book | title=Maharashtra | website=Google | isbn=978-81-7991-100-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBjoAFMfjoC&dq=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&pg=PA355 | access-date=2025-01-06 | last1=Singh | first1=Kumar Suresh | last2=Bhanu | first2=B. V. | last3=India | first3=Anthropological Survey of | date=2004 | publisher=Popular Prakashan }}</ref><ref name="s532">{{cite book | title=पोवारी भाषा का परिचय( Powari Bhasha ka Parichay) | website=Google | date=24 October 2023 | isbn=978-93-6013-757-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSXgEAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&pg=PT33 | access-date=2025-01-06 | last1=Bisen | first1=Rishi }}</ref> This is the same language that these people used to speak in their original homes in [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malwa]]. Between the 15th and 17th centuries,<ref name="z131">{{cite web | title=Census of India, 1891 | website=Google | date=2010-09-29 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yitRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&pg=RA2-PP24 | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> the Pawars migrated from Rajasthan and Malwa to the [[Satpura]] and [[Vidarbha]] regions, settling primarily in Betul, Chhindwara, Pandhurna, and Wardha districts.<ref name="u464">{{cite book | title=Hindi Anusandhan | website=Google | date=September 2007 | publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan | isbn=978-81-8031-267-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9MsuC2NhgYC&dq=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&pg=PA132 | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> This language is exclusive to the Pawar community; no people of other castes speak this language, clearly showing the connection of the Pawars to Rajasthan and Malwa.<ref name="z138">{{cite book | title=Mālavī kī utpatti aura vikāsa | publisher=Rāmanārāyaṇalāla Benīprasāda | year=1973 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr9HAAAAMAAJ | language=lv | access-date=2025-01-06 | page=}}</ref><ref name="z076">{{cite web | last=Parmar | first=श्री श्याम परमार - Shri Shyam | title=Malavi Aur Uska Sahitya | website=ePustakalay | date=2020-09-25 | url=https://epustakalay.com/book/46347-malavi-aur-uska-sahitya-by-shri-shyam-parmar/ | language=hi | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref><ref name="p000">{{cite web | last=Ltd | first=Gyan Mandal | title=Bhasha Vigyan Kosh By Bholanath Tiwari Varanasi 1963 Gyan Mandal Ltd : Gyan Mandal Ltd : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2016-10-23 | url=https://archive.org/details/JOMn_bhasha-vigyan-kosh-by-bholanath-tiwari-varanasi-1963-gyan-mandal-ltd/page/477/mode/2up | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref><ref name="k580">{{cite book | last=Singh | first=V.P. | title=Hindi Anusandhan | publisher=Lokbharati Prakashan | year=2007 | isbn=978-81-8031-267-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ffl8GO7Cw5UC | language=mt | access-date=2025-01-06 | page=132}}</ref><ref name="r436">{{cite web | last=Chintamani. | first=Upadhyay Dr. | title=Malvi Ek Bhasha Shastriya Adhyayan (1960) : Upadhyay Dr. Chintamani. : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2016-10-23 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.428587 | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref><ref name="c916">{{cite book | last=Nāgarī Lipi Parishad (New Delhi | first=India) | title=Nāgarī saṅgama: Nāgarī Lipi Parishad kī traimāsika mukha patrikā | publisher=Nāgarī Lipi Parishad | issue=v. 21, nos. 81-84 | year=1999 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1BjAAAAMAAJ | language=lv | access-date=2025-01-06 | page=40}}</ref><ref name="v943">{{cite web | title=Hindustani (hindustani Academy Ki Timahi Patrika-1933) : Hindustani Academy Sanyukt Prant Allahabad : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2015-09-09 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.379460/page/n61/mode/2up?q=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref>

== Influences ==
Today, this dialect of Rajasthani Malvi has slight influences from [[Bundeli]], [[Nimadi]], and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] languages.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mhaiske |first1=V. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbs4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA191 |title=Forest Tribology And Anthropology |last2=Patil |first2=V. K. |last3=Narkhede |first3=S. S. |publisher=Scientific Publishers |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-86102-08-9 |page=191}}</ref><ref name="z091">{{cite book | title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set | website=Google | date=2003-03-24 | publisher=Oxford University Press, USA | isbn=978-0-19-513977-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC&dq=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&pg=PA290 | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> In the districts of Betul, Chhindwara, and Pandhurna, Pawari has a slight Bundeli influence, whereas in the Wardha district, there is more Marathi influence.<ref name="e983">{{cite web | title=Nāgarī saṅgama: Nāgarī Lipi Parishad kī traimāsika mukha patrikā | website=Google | date=2008-05-07 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1BjAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics |volume=1 |editor-first=William O. |editor-last=Bright |editor-link=William O. Bright |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |page=243}}</ref> The Pawari spoken in Betul, Chhindwara, and Pandhurna is considered pure, as it is minimally influenced by other languages, with only a slight Bundeli touch. In contrast, the Pawari of the Wardha district is somewhat more mixed with Marathi, making the Pawari of Betul, Chhindwara, and Pandhurna more prestigious.<ref>{{cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin P. |authorlink=Colin Masica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&pg=PA424 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-521-29944-2 |series=Cambridge Language Surveys |page=424}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mhaiske |first1=V. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbs4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA191 |title=Forest Tribology And Anthropology |last2=Patil |first2=V. K. |last3=Narkhede |first3=S. S. |publisher=Scientific Publishers |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-86102-08-9 |page=191}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics |volume=1 |editor-first=William O. |editor-last=Bright |editor-link=William O. Bright |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |page=243}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Census of India,1901| date=1902 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eC9RAAAAYAAJ&dq=Bhoyari+language&pg=PA63}}</ref><ref name="b400">{{cite web | title=bhartiya sancrutikosh bhag 7 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2016-10-23 | url=https://archive.org/details/dli.mgs-cis.bhartiyasancrutikoshbhag7/page/n373/mode/2up?q=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref><ref name="w608">{{cite web | title=Census of India, 1931 | website=Google | date=2017-04-07 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GoZdzjvFVC4C&dq=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&pg=PA302 | access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref>

Despite the change in location, the Pawars have retained their pure Rajasthani Malvi language. According to some scholars, Pawari is a dialect of [[Rangri dialect (Malvi)|Rangri]] (another dialect of Rajasthani Malvi), which is slightly mixed with [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Rajasthani languages|Mewadi]], and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] languages, further reinforcing the connection of the Pawars to Rajasthan and Malwa. This connection not only demonstrates their origins in Rajasthan and Malwa but also shows how well they have preserved their language throughout the years despite living among people of a different culture and language.<ref>{{cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin P. |authorlink=Colin Masica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&pg=PA424 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-521-29944-2 |series=Cambridge Language Surveys |page=424}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mhaiske |first1=V. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbs4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA191 |title=Forest Tribology And Anthropology |last2=Patil |first2=V. K. |last3=Narkhede |first3=S. S. |publisher=Scientific Publishers |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-86102-08-9 |page=191}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics |volume=1 |editor-first=William O. |editor-last=Bright |editor-link=William O. Bright |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |page=243}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bwgAAAAIAAJ |title=Handbook of Languages and Dialects of India |publisher=Distributors: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay |year=1964 |series=Reference and information series |access-date=2023-09-24}}

== External links ==
*{{cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bhoy1241 |title=Dialect: Bhoyari }}

[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Rajasthani languages]]

Sudalai Madan

2026-01-01T18:30:48Z

Samyakkpravesh: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|Tamil village deity}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}

'''Sudalai Madan''' (IAST: {{IAST|Sudalai Madan}}) {{Literal translation|cremation ground chief}} is a rural [[Tamil folk religion]] deity worshipped predominantly in [[South India]], particularly in the districts of [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]], [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]], [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]], [[Tenkasi district|Tenkasi]], [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]], and [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]. He is considered by adherents to be a son of the [[Hindu deities]] [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]]. He seems to have originated in some ancestral guardian spirit of the villages or communities in [[Tamil Nadu]], in a similar manner as [[Aiyanar|Ayyanar]]. He is regarded as a [[Village deities of South India|kaval deivam]] (guardian deity) who protects people against evil forces. In Kerala, Sudalai Madan is also called Madan thampuran, Chudala madan, or simply as Madan. There are many temples in Kerala dedicated to Sudalai Madan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=C |first=Maadhava Anusuyaa |title=HISTORY AND IDENTITY: AN ANALYSIS OF MYTHS SURROUNDING SUDALAI MADAN |url=https://www.academia.edu/13909478}}</ref>
[[File:Sudalai_madan_1.jpg|thumb]]

Shiva is said to have created him and given him the name Sudalai Madan as the protector against evil forces, emanating from cemeteries and [[Shmashana|cremation grounds]] (''sudalai''). He is usually found with mother goddess [[Periyachi|Pechiamman]], Mutharamman, Esakkiamman, Brahmashakti Amman, and Sudalai Mundan. Madathi is his consort.
[[File:SudalaiMadan.jpg|thumb]]

Sudalai is the guardian of the ''[[Dhvajastambha|kodimaram]]'' (flagstaff) in several temples and also a kuladeivam(god) of folk lore peoples.

== Legend ==
The tale of Sudalai Madan originates from the [[Tamil folk religion|Tamilfolk tradition]] of South India. The goddess [[Parvati]] wishes to have a child; her husband [[Shiva]] suggests that she perform [[Tapas (Indian religions)|austerities]] to gain the same. Accordingly, Parvati pleases Shiva by her penance at the Ayiramkal Mandapam at [[Mount Kailash|Kailasha]], the celestial abode of Shiva. He plucks a lock of hair, which started to burn as soon as he throws it. The fire spreads to her {{Transliteration|hi|mundanai}} (a part of the ''[[sari]]''). From the fire, Sudalai Madan is born.
[[File:Sudalai_eswarar.jpg|thumb|Udumalpet Arulmigu Sri sudalai eswarar thirukovil]]

Parvati initially feeds the child with ''[[amrita]]'' (the nectar of immortality) instead of breast milk, making him immortal. The child desires solid food. He goes to the cremation grounds (''sudalai'') on Kailasha, and begins to eat the burning corpses. Since he had such a fondness for meat, Shiva instructs him to go to earth and protect humans. Offerings of cooked food and drink are expected be offered to him, seeking his favour.

==Worship==
[[File:சத்ராதி முண்டசாமி.jpg|thumb|Sudalai]]
[[File:சத்ராதி முண்டசாமி பூஜை.jpg|thumb|Sudalai]]
[[File:Sudalai eswarar poojai.jpg|thumb|Sudalai]]
[[File:மாயாண்டி வேட்டைக்கு செல்லுதல்.jpg|thumb|Sudalai]]
<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dickey |first=Sara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNR2DAAAQBAJ&dq=sudalai+madan+god+cremation&pg=PA203 |title=Living Class in Urban India |date=2016-07-14 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-8394-5 |pages=203 |language=en}}</ref> Often, Sudalai Madan statues are triangular pillar-like structures. Figured statues are stone carved. He is situated either in the open or under a simple roof.

Sudalai is still venerated with customs that predate the [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] religion or his syncretism with [[Shaivism]], regarded as the rituals of the Tamil folk religion. The devotees serve him non-vegetarian foods, which is against mainstream Hindu tradition. Goats, chickens, and pigs are sacrificed and served to him. Fridays are prescribed for his worship. His main festivals are conducted annually. These festivals are called "Kodai". Kodai is celebrated for one day to many days according to the devotees's needs. Some famous temples celebrate it for 10 days.

On these occasions, the deities are decorated with flowers. Some people are believed to become possessed and devotees talk to the deity through them. This deity is believed hunting in the cemetery through this spiritually possessed person. Thappattai beats, Kaniyan Koothu (Maguda Kacheri) and Villupattu are the main performances of Sudalai Madan Kodai festival.

== Temples ==
[[File:Udumalpet Arulmigu Sri sudalai eswarar thirukovil.jpg|thumb|Sudalai Madan]]
Temples of Sudalai Madan include:
*Nadavu Sudalaimadasamy (தீதத்தாபுரம் நடவு சுடலை மாடசாமி திருக்கோவில்), Theethathapuram, Thoothukudi.
*Arulmigu Shri Sudalai Eswarar Thirukovil, Maramangalam, Thoothukudi.
*Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Eswarar Temple, pallapalayam, udumalpet
*Arulmigu Sri moonkiladi Sudalaimadaswami Thirukovil, Keeraikaranthattu, Tirunelveli(dt)(அருள்மிகு ஸ்ரீ மூங்கிலடி சுடலைமாடசுவாமி திருக்கோவில், கீரைக்காரன்தட்டு, திருநெல்வேலி)
*Arulmigu Sri Parvathi Amman Sudalaimadaswami Thirukoovil, Vadhuvarpatti, Virudhunagar (dt)
*Arulmigu Mottagalunga Swamy tirukovil, Avudaiyannor, Tenkasi(dt)

*Aatrangarai Sudalai madan, Ilanji, Tenkasi
*Seevalaperi sudalai madan
*Sri Sudalai Madan Temple, Mukkani, Thoothukudi.
*Kayathar sudalai madasamy kovil
* Sri Karayadi Sudalai Madaswamy, Pechiamman Temple, [[Sathankulam]]
* Otha Panai Sudalai Madan Swami Temple, Sirumalanchi
* High Court Maharaja Temple, Arumuga Mangalam, Thoothukudi
* Vijayanarayanapuram
* Oosikattu/Ooikattu Sudalai Madan Temple
* Palavur, Arulmigu Sudalai Kovil
* Ozhuginaseri Masana Sudalai Temple
*Kurichi Sudalai Madan Temple, Suchindrum
* Maha SivaSudalai Temple, Colachel and the entire region of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Kanniyakumari district
* Vaigai Sri Sudalaimadasami Temple, Kilakkarai (Ramnanathapuram District)
* PUDUPATI ARULMIGU PERIYA OORANI SUDALAI (Alangulam Tirunelveli District)
* Sudalai Madan Temple in Gopalasumdram
* SullaKarai Sudalai Madaswamy Andipatti, Alangulam, Tirunelveli District
* Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Mada Swami Temple, Irulappapuram, Kanyakumari District
* Adukkupeeda Sudalai Madaswamy, Sinthamani, Tirunelveli District
* Arulmigu Valli Vaikkal Sudali Madan Swamy Temple, Arumuganeri, Thoothukudi District
* Arulmigu Poonankundru Siva Sudalai Madaswamy kovil, Therkusalai, Agastheeswaram, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu.
* Sri Sudalai Madanthambiran Swamy Temple, Navalady, Tirunelveli district.
* Arulmigu kalathu kovil Sudalai madan swamy kovil, Vellamadam, Kanyakumari.
*Arulmigu Athiadi Sudalaimadan kovil, athiputhur, Tirunelveli Dt.
*Sudalai Kovil, Palazvur, Tirunelveli
*Madan Kovil,
*Viswakula Arulmigu Sudalaimadaswamy Temple [VAST], Udayathoor Village, Radhapuram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
*Sri Sudalai Madasamy temple, Kothaiseri Tirunelveli.
*Sri Mayiladumparai Sudalai, Esakki Amman Temple, Shenbagaramanallur
*Sri Sudalai Madasamy Kovil, Kalakadu, Tirunelveli.
*Sri Sudalai Madasamy, Pechiamman Temple, Koviloothu, Tirunelveli.

==Outside India==
Madan is popular amongst the [[Tamil diaspora]] in [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Réunion]] and [[France|French]] overseas territories in the [[Caribbean]] sea.

In [[Sri Lanka]], The Sri Madaswamy Kovil located at Hatton Road, Pavalamalai, Ginigathena is an example of the popularity of Madasamy in Sri Lanka

==See also==
* [[Bhairava]]
* [[Karuppuswamy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080320050247/http://www.iccsus.org/IstConf/111.html Sudalai Madan amongst Indian origin Tamils]
* [http://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Surveys/surv_deities.htm South Indian Deities And Their Relative Following in Tamil Nadu]
* [http://www.epw.org.in/showArticles.php?root=2005&leaf=05&filename=8711&filetype=html Secularism and Religious Violence in Contemporary India]

{{HinduMythology}}..

[[Category:Tamil deities]]
[[Category:Regional Hindu gods]]

Jethwa dynasty

2026-01-01T08:10:16Z

Samyakkpravesh: brief enhanced article to improve readability additionally and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian dynasty}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox country
|native_name = Jethwa dynasty
|common_name = Jethwa dynasty
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = 620
|year_end = 1948
|p1 = Saindhava dynasty
|s1 = Dominion of India
|flag_s1 =
|s2 =
|capital = Mayurpuri ([[Morvi]]), [[Shrinagar, Porbandar|Shrinagar]], [[Dhank Caves|Dhank]], [[Chhaya (city)|Chhaya]], [[Ghumali|Ghumli]], [[Ranapur, Gujarat|Ranapur]], [[Porbandar]]
|common_languages = [[Sanskrit]], [[Prakrit]], [[Old Gujarati language|Old Gujarati]],
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|leader1 =
|leader2 =
|year_leader1 =
|year_leader2 =
|today = [[India]]
}}
'''Jethwa dynasty''' was a dynasty that ruled over present day [[Gujarat]] region of India from 7th century AD till middle of 20th century, when India became independent. It was a [[Rajput]] dynasty ruled by [[Jethwa]] clan of Rajputs.

==Origin==
[[File:TodRoyalRaces1892.png|thumb|Tod's 1829 listing of the [[36 royal races]] mentions Jaitwa, Jethwa also as Camari]]

'''Jethwa''' (or '''Jethva''', '''Jatava, Jaitwa''' or '''Camari''',.<ref name=R>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20583/20583-h/20583-h.htm Jaitwa or Camari.—; one of the thirty-six royal races mentioned by Colonel Tod.] The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India—Volume I (of IV), by R.V. Russell</ref>
The Jethwa claim their descent from [[Makardhwaja]], son of [[Hanuman]].<ref name=Z/><ref name=v>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WjtLAAAAYAAJ The annals and antiquities of Rajastʾhan: or the central and western Rajpoot states of India]</ref><ref name=c/> As per folk tales of their clan, Makardhwaja had a son named Mod-dhwaja and he had a son named Jethi-dhwaja.<ref name=Z/> Jethwas claim descent and name from Jethi-dhwaja and worship Hanuman as their [[Iṣṭa-devatā (Hinduism)|Iṣṭa-devatā]].<ref name=Z/>

[[File:Drapeau Porbandar.png|thumb|Image of Merchant Navy flag of Princely State of [[Porbandar]] adopted by Jethwa rulers of the Kingdom, showing image of [[Hanuman]], from whom the Jethwas claim their descant.]]

Jethwa dynasty of [[Porbandar]], therefore, had image of Hanuman on the Merchant Navy Flag adapted in 1923.<ref name=Z>''Shree Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Samaj : A brief history & glory of our Fore-fathers: Section: History of Rajput Surnames, their origin and myths : sub-section : History of Jethwas : by Raja Pawan Jethwa (2007). pp 81–82.''</ref> Also the ''Coat of Arms'' had the image of Hanuman in the centre.<ref name=Z/>

Further, it is said that Muslim governors of [[Sindh]] in 7th century repeatedly sent naval armed ships to conquer the western and southern coast of Gujarat, which were again and again repulsed by the "[[Saindhava]]s" who called themselves "masters of the Western sea" ''Apara Samudradhipati'' (apara-samudr-ddhipati) . It has been suggested that the Saindhava ruling family also known as Jayadrathas is now represented by the Jethwa Rajputs.<ref name=Z/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bnZDAAAAYAAJ&q=jethwa+also+called+themselves] Ancient India by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar 1964</ref>

Captain Wilberforce Bell opines that their ancestors were probably [[Scythian]]s from the north {{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}. However, [[Gaurishankar Ojha]] opines Jethwas were probably a branch of [[Pratihar]]s of [[Kannauj]].<ref name="c">[https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&q=JETHWA&pg=PA54] The Rajputs of Saurashtra By Virbhadra Singhji</ref>

Further, many historians are of a view that Jethwa Rajputs have deep association with [[Mer people]] since time immemorial, who are only the Senior (''Jethwa'') or ''rajakula'' (royal clan) of the Mers.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1vJRjCl8HkC&q=jethwa+ | title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | publisher=Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society | year=1905 | access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref>The political history of the Hūṇas in India by Atreyi Biswas, 1973</ref> The Mer have always been confidential and supported Jethwas in times of war and peace. It was the custom that when a Rana of Porbandar ascended the [[throne]] or Gaddi, the leader of the Mer people would cut the tip of his little finger and make a [[Tilaka|tilak]] with his blood on the forehead of the Rana.<ref>Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Volume 100</ref><ref>The history of Kathiawad from the earliest times by Harold Wilberforce-Bell</ref><ref name="j">Jubilee volume (1937) Anthropological society of Bombay</ref>

==History==
{{Further|Porbandar State}}

Ghumali, which was earlier capital of Saindhvas has been Jethwa's bastion and capital since the time dynasty was founded in early 7th Century around 620 by Shil Kumar Jethwa,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nanavati |first1=J. M. |title=Legacy of Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Team Spirit (India) Pvt. Limited |isbn=978-81-7897-015-8 |pages=72–73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Y5uAAAAMAAJ&q=jethwa+SHIL+KUMAR |access-date=24 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> who later helped Angagapala ruler of Delhi win a war. In return of the help Anagapal married her daughter with him. The area ruled by Jethwa's was traditionally today known as [[Barda Hills]] was historically known as Jyeshthukadesh, meaning land of Jethwa's.<ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteers: Junagadh |date=1975 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications |pages=185, 186, 187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpBuAAAAMAAJ&q=jyeshthukadesh+jethwa |access-date=24 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The other towns founded by them are where they shifted their capital temporarily after dislodged from [[Morvi]] in 900 AD, were with times shifting to [[Shrinagar, Porbandar|Shrinagar]], [[Dhank]], [[Chhaya (city)|Chhaya]], [[Ghumali|Ghumli]], [[Ranapur, Gujarat|Ranapur]] and lastly to [[Porbandar]] (from 1685 till 1947). They were the first rulers of the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] area of Western [[Gujarat]].<ref name=tv>{{cite book |title=Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma and Ceylon Including AllBritish India, the Portuguese and French Possessions, and the Indian States |date=1929 |publisher=J. Murray |pages=249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2rkr3PrlyCQC&dq=srinagar+jethwa+capital&pg=PA249 |access-date=27 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Jethwas seem to have entered from North West, that is, [[Sindh]] and [[Kutch]] to [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] in the 9th century AD and are oldest ruling clan of Peninsula. It is accepted by almost all historians that Jethwas established their rule in Saurashtra in around 900 AD and founded the city of [[Morvi]] as their Capital. [[Morvi]] was earlier known by name of Mayurpuri, named after its founder the Jethwa ruler Mayur-dhwaja. They spread further westward and captured [[Dwarka]] from [[Chawda]]s moved further and established the towns of Nagnah, [[Ghumli]], [[Bhanvad]], Chhaya, Dhank, Laodhva, Ranpur with colonies at [[Miani, Gujarat|Miani]] and [[Shrinagar, Porbandar|Shrinagar]] on the coast. During the time of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], the Jethwas controlled all the west and north of the [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=Z/><ref name=c/>

Colonial ethnographer [[James Tod]] in his 1832 ''The annals and antiquities of Rajastʾhan:or the central and western Rajpoot states of India'' includes Jethwa among the [[36 royal races]] of ancient India and also names Jethwa or Jatava as Camari. Further, Colon James Todd opines that Jethwas come from old marital races of Indian Peninsula and were called Kanwar till the 8th century. Some Jethwa rulers suffixed Kanwar after their name and hence were also known as Kanwars or Kumars.<ref name="G">[https://books.google.com/books?id=NygbAAAAIAAJ&q=+%27desh%27] Gujarat State gazetteers, Volume 11, 1975.</ref><ref name="Tod">[https://books.google.com/books?id=WjtLAAAAYAAJ] The annals and antiquities of Rajastʾhan:or the central and western Rajpoot states of India, Volume 1 by James Tod, 1899</ref>

Sangaji was a Jethwa ruler from 1120 to 1150,<ref name=o>[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/p/porbandar.html PORBANDAR STATE : RULERS : JETHWA :PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY]</ref> who defeated the army of Virdhaval Vaghela, (the founder of [[Vaghela dynasty]]) near [[Morvi]] in 1125. Virdhaval, defeated, married his daughter and surrendered his title of [[Rana (title)|Rana]] to Sangaji Jethwa. The title of Rana has been held by ''Jethwas'' rulers ever-since till last Rana died in 1979 without an heir.<ref name=Z/><ref name=l>{{cite book|title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Junagadh District|author=Gujarat (India)|date=1975|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NygbAAAAIAAJ|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref>

Jethwas lost Morvi, when they were defeated by invading army of [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] in year 1193.<ref name=c/> Jethwas shifted to Nagnah and they later established their rule and founded [[Ghumali|Ghumli]], under Sal Kumar. The rulers of Ghumli were also called Kumarants.<ref name="d">[https://books.google.com/books?id=gP0HAQAAIAAJ&q=ghumli+] The history of Kathiawad from the earliest times by Harold Wilberforce-Bell on Scythian coins the word " Kumar " frequently appears, and from bardic legends we find that after the founding of Ghumli in the seventh century by Shil Kumar Jethwa, the rulers of Ghumli were recognized as being Kumarants]</ref>

In later years Vajesinh Jethwa alias Wajosinh, who ruled from years 1220–1245,<ref name=o/> was a brave warrior, who was truly known as [[Lion|Sinh]] and held considerable influence on Vishaldeo Vaghela.<ref name=l/>

Ghumli was declared as second Capital by Jethwa dynasty, in 1220 by Rana Shiyaji, who took the title of Rana of Ghumli and shifted capital from [[Shrinagar, Porbandar|Shrinagar]]<ref name=tv/> Ghumli remained their Capital till 1313, when Rana Bhanji Jethwa, was defeated at a war, he fled Ghumli & shifted to [[Ranpur, Gujarat|Ranpur]]. It is said that Ghumli was destroyed due to curse of a [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] named ''Sone'' with whom Rana Bhanji Jethwa fell in love.<ref name="b">[https://books.google.com/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&q=ghumli+jethwa] Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 8, 1884</ref> Jadeja Jam Unaji (Jam Unad) of [[Jadeja]] clan came from [[Sindh]] and attacked Ghumli in 1309 but was defeated later in 1313 his son Jam Barmaniyaji Jadeja (Jam Bamanioji) attacked to avenge the defeat. He defeated Rana Bhanji Jethwa, who fled and Ghumli was completely destroyed and turned it into ruins. On the same night Goddess [[Durga|Ambaji]] came in dream of Bamanioji and told him that, as she has granted the wish ("Asha") of his father to conquer Ghumli, he should make a temple in her name. So Barmaniyaji built the Temple of Ambaji on the hill in the middle of Ghumli and named it as [[Ashapura Mata]] Temple, who is Kuldevi of Jedejas.<ref name="jamnagar.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.jamnagar.org/gopgumli.htm|title=Ancient Temple Trail|publisher=jamnagar.org|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="webs">{{cite web|url=http://jaidurga.webs.com/matajipilgrimages.htm|title=Mataji Pilgrimages -|publisher=jaidurga.webs.com|access-date=12 October 2014|archive-date=24 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324054838/http://jaidurga.webs.com/matajipilgrimages.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In around 1525–35 [[Jam Raval]] conquered greater part of [[Halar]] from Jethwas and other Rajput rulers like [[Chawda]]s, Dedas (A sub-branch of Jadejas) and Vadhels. This led to further decimating the Jethwa territories in which Nagnah was lost, which [[Jam Sahib|Jams]] renamed as [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]].<ref name="G"/><ref name=h/> Jam Ravalji's son, however, gave his daughter to Jethwa ruler Khimooji. But in later years, Jam Ravaljis's son Jam Sataji killed his own nephew Jethwa Ramdevji IV by a conspiracy and annexed further territory of Jethwas by force. This led to a fierce enmity between Jethwa and Jams, which continued for 300 years and there was ''[[apiya]]'' between them.<ref name=Z/><ref name=c/> During this turbulent times in history of Jethwa dynasty, the Mers again came in help of in protection of Jethwas and helped them recover their lost territories.<ref>Power, profit, and poetry:traditional society in Kathiawar, western India by [[Harald Tambs-Lyche]]</ref><ref>The Mers of Saurashtra revisited and studied in the light of socio-cultural change and cross-cousin marriage by Harshad R. Trivedi</ref> After the defeat at hands of Jams in 1525 the ruling Jethwa had to run from here to there till they found shelter at [[Chhaya (city)|Chhaya]]. Later, the late Rana Bhanji's widow Rani Kalabai, a lady of out-standing courage and foresight raised an army of the Mers and [[Rabari]]s and regained her lost territory as far as Ranpur from Jams.<ref name=G/><ref name=h>Wetland phytodiversity: a complete guide to Indian Helobieae by Ratna Guha, M. S. Mondal.</ref><ref>The Hind Rajasthan, or, The annals of the native states of India, Volume 1, Part 2</ref>

Later in 1671 Rana Vikmatji Khimoji Jethwa took possession of Porbandar from [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and built a fort there. He also took fort of Madhavpur. Though, he died at Porbandar, the capital remained Chhaya.<ref name=c/> It was his son Rana Saratanji II, who permanently shifted the Capital to Porbandar in 1685. The Jethwas of Porbandar entered into alliance with British in 1807 and agreement was entered into year 1809 with East India Company.<ref name=Z/><ref name=c/>

The [[Porbandar State|princely state of Porbandar]] was a 13-Gun Salute State of British India.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} The reigns of [[Bhavsinhji Madhavsinhji|Rana Bhavsinhji Madhavsinhji]] (1900–1908) and [[Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji of Porbandar|Rana Natwarsinhji]] (1908–1979) both [[Maharaja of Porbandar]] gave the state of [[Porbandar]] first class status after many battles for the throne within the royal family in 1811, 1869 and 1886. The Porbandar remained the Capital of Jethwa dynasty till the State of Porbandar was merged into Union of India, when the last ruler of the kingdom, Rana [[Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji]] signed the Instrument of Accession on 15 August 1947.<ref name=Z/><ref name=c/>
[[File:Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji 1932.jpg|right|thumb|Lieutenant-Colonel Maharaja Rana Shri Sir Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji Sahib Bahadur, KCSI, Maharaja of Porbandar - the last ruler of Jethwa dynasty.]]
The last [[Rana (title)|Rana]] and ruler of Jethwa dynasty of [[Porbandar]], Shri Natwarsinhji died in 1979.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} Before him in 1977, the successor to his throne the crown-prince [[Udaybhansinhji Natwarsinhji Jethwa]] died,{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} leaving the throne vacant.

The grandfather of [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]], Uttamchand Gandhi and later his father – Karamchand Gandhi and uncle – Tulsidas Gandhi, served as [[Dewan]] to Rana of Porbandar.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hLVqHWgUVgkC&q=uttamchand&pg=PA12] Encyclopaedia of Eminent Thinkers: The political thought of Mahatma Gandhi By K. S. Bharathi</ref>

==Jethwa inscriptions==
===Visavada inscription===
The inscription dated [[Vikram Samvat|VS]] 1262 (1206 CE) was found in a niche of Siddhanatha Mahadeva Temple in [[Visavada]] near [[Porbandar]]. Written by [[Nagar Brahmin]] named Vaijaka and engraved by mason Jhalhana, it says about installation of a statue of Vikramaditya in the reign of Rana Simha.<ref name=":0n">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=February 1939|volume=1|pages=686|chapter=Inscriptions Of Kathiawad|issue=2}}</ref> This Rana Simha probably belonged to Jethwa family as according to the bards the region was held by the Jethwas during that period.<ref name=":1x">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=December 1938|volume=1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/page/n12 580]|chapter=Inscriptions Of Kathiawad|issue=9}}</ref>

==Architectural heritage==
[[File:Navlakha arial view 02 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|The view of Navlakha Temple at Ghumli built by Jethwa dynasty in 12th century, after restoration work done by [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]].]]
*''[[Navlakha Temple, Ghumli|Navlakha Temple]]'' at [[Ghumli]] built by Jethwa rulers in 12th century dedicated to Sun god is oldest sun temple of Gujarat. It has the largest base (Uagati) of the temples in Gujarat, measuring 45.72 x 30.48 m. Facing East, it had a beautiful entrance arch or Kirti Toran, that is now lost. The sanctum sanctorum (garbhagriha), covered pradakshina path, large gathering hall and its three ''shringar chokis'' are eye catching. On the surrounding walking path we find three directions with balconies. The [[mandapa]] has eight-sided pillars for support. In the small niches we find sculptures. The entrances are two storied. At the back wall of the temple we find two huge elephants fighting with their trunks. In Bhadra gavaksha is the image of Brahma-Savitri, in the west is the Shiva-Parvati, to the north is LakshmiNarayan. The Navlakha Temple built at a cost of Nine [[Lac (resin)|Lac]]s hence the name rivals the [[Somnath Temple]] in its architect and interiors.<ref name=g>Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Káthiáwar</ref>{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} The temple is built in the [[Māru-Gurjara architecture|Solanki style of architecture]] have the three entwining tusks of elephants as its trademark and is considered to be high noon of Solanki style of architect.<ref name=Z/>
*''Kileshwar Mahadev'' temple built on Barda Hill near Ghumli.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
*''[[Vikia Vav]]'', a stepwell is the oldest and one of the biggest stepwells of Gujarat built by Jethwa ruler Vikiaji after whom it is named. This ruined step-well is one of the largest of its kind in the state, measuring almost 60 by 40.5 sq m. The well has numerous flights of steps leading up to it and string-coursed carvings. The entrance pavilions can still be seen standing intact at three places.<ref name=g/><ref name="e">[https://books.google.com/books?id=61fSwBF4bbYC&q=jethva+ghumli+vikia+&pg=PA51] The stepwells of Gujarat: in art-historical perspective By Jutta Jain-Neubauer Page : 49</ref>
*''Jetha Step well'', similar to Vikia step well near Ghumali.<ref name=e/>
*''Bhan Gate'' named after Bhan Jethwa near Ghumali Navlakha Temple and ''Rampol Gate'' at Ghumali.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
*''[[Ghumali Ganesha Temple]]'' at [[Ghumli]]<ref name="r">{{Cite web|title=combination of sculptures and monuments are suggestive of this Town was built by Sailyakumar of the Jethwa dynasty of Saurashtra region of Gujarat.|url=http://vinzoda.weebly.com/1/post/2011/4/ancient-ghumaiganesha.htmlA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319234111/http://vinzoda.weebly.com/1/post/2011/4/ancient-ghumaiganesha.htmlA|archive-date=19 March 2012|access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref>
*''Darbargarh'', the palace of Jethwas at [[Chhaya (city)|Chhaya]] built around 1600.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
*''Darbargarh'' at [[Porbandar]] was built by Rana Sartanji Jethwa (1671–1699) in end of the 17th century. This palace has a huge carved stone entrance gate flanked by high turrets and massive wooden doors. It is a typical example of such royal enclosures situated within the town of Gujarat. The fort has several bastions, 3 small gates (baris) and 4 main gates. The main gates are Porbandar gate in the west, Kathiawar Darwaja in the east, Halar Gate in the North and Junagadh gate in the south. Darbargadh is designed to resemble a jewel box, in the architectural style of the Navlakha palace situated at Gondal.<ref name=ss>{{cite web|url=http://www.indovacation.net/Porbander_attraction.htm|title=Porbandar, Porbandar Tourist Attraction, Porbandar Tour|author=Indo Vacations Team|publisher=indovacation.net|access-date=12 October 2014|archive-date=21 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921072253/http://www.indovacation.net/Porbander_attraction.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''Sartanji Choro'' at Porbandar :Rana Sartanji (1671–1699) also built Sartanji Choro, the three storied summer pavilion. This palace was built in the Rajput style as a retreat in the middle of the garden. Each side of the garden represent a different reason. It is also known as ''Grishmabhuvan''.<ref name="ss" />

[[File:Huzoor Palace at Porbandar.jpg|thumb|The Huzoor Palace standing on sea shore of [[Porbandar]] city, built by last ruler of Jethwa dynasty Maharana Natwarsinhji in the early 20th century]]

* ''Daria Mahal Palace'' is located at the end of Marine Drive on sea shore of Porbandar city, in a huge campus. It was built in the late 19th century by Rana Bhavsinhji Madhavsinhji. Standing on the edge of the Arabian Sea the palace shows the influences of the Arabian culture. However, some parts of the palace are Italianate in style with an interesting blend of Renaissance and Gothic touch. The interiors of the palace like chandeliers, painted murals and the European furniture are eye catching. The palace has now been converted into a college.<ref name="dd">Gujarat–Daman–Diu: A Travel Guide (on line book) By Ward</ref>{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
*''Huzoor Mahal Palace'' was built by Rana Natwarsinhji also on sea shore of Probandar city. This sprawling palace is built in the European style with sloping roofs, several wings and big windows, overlooking the sea.<ref name="sst">{{cite web|title=tourist places in gujarat | dharavasavada|url=https://dharavasavada.wordpress.com/tag/tourist-places-in-gujarat/|publisher=dharavasavada.wordpress.com|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref>
* ''Anut Nivas'' at Khambalia, overlooking the dam, is a summer palace built on Barda hills built by last ruler of Porbandar State, Rana ShriNatawarsinhji in 1927. The interior is lavish but not ostentatious. The Rajput Room is a museum of [[Kathiawad]]'s past.<ref name="st">{{cite web|title=Khushboo Gujarat ki: Darbargadh|date=5 January 2011 |url=http://khushboogujaratki.blogspot.com/2011/01/darbargadh.html|publisher=khushboogujaratki.blogspot.com|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=ss/><ref name=dd/>
*The ''Lal Mahal'' or Red Palace in Porbandar, previously official guest house of the rulers of Porbandar State, now lies closed.<ref name=dd/>

==In folklore==
[[File:Sonkansari Bhanvad 01.JPG|right|thumb|Temple of Son Kasari, built in memory of [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] Son in early 14th Century, stands in depleted state at [[Bhanvad]].]]
The bardic tales of Jethwas are immortalised in folk tales like [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] folk tale of immortal love between Jethwa and Ujali<ref name=Z/> and heroic tales of Bhan Jethwa and Vijo related to defeat of [[Kathi (caste)|Kathi]]s by them, in which the names of Jethwa territories of [[Bhanvad]] and [[Lodhwa|Lodhva]] are mentioned in bardic folk-songs of Kathiawar.<ref name=Z/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ihgIAQAAIAAJ&q=jethva Bhanvad & Lodhva : The Kathiani says, wherefore, Kathis, are you going to Lodhva to lose your honour? Doubtless, another Bhan Jethwa has arisen or another hero named Vijo has been found in house of Bhola, The Jethva uproots everyone in battle...] Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Káthiáwar, 1884</ref> Also the bardic songs of Bhan Jethwa, who fell in love with Son Kansari, who was in love with Rakhayata Babaria, his commander. Bhan got Rakhayat murdered by his servant Kumbha. Son became a [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] cursing that Ghumli will be destroyed in due course of time. Her prophecy came true when Ghumli was demolished by Jams in 1313. The [[Brahmin]]s of [[Baradiya]], who gave her shelter and many of whom also died for the cause of protecting Son, later built a temple in memory Sati Son, which now stands in depleted condition on a hill top.<ref name=Z/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=c_NtAAAAMAAJ&q=+sati] Encyclopaedia of India, Volume 30</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ihgIAQAAIAAJ&q=son+sati+jethwa] Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Rajput dynasties]]
[[Category:620s establishments]]
[[Category:1950s disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 620s]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1940s]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments]]

Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-20T06:54:23Z

Samyakkpravesh: done

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Haryana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gurgaon {{Small|HR-9}}
| type = LS
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Haryana/Gurgaon.map}}
|map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| mp = [[Rao Inderjit Singh]]
| incumbent_image = Rao Inderjit Singh addressing at the Meeting with the StatesUTs on the Implementation of “The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016”, in New Delhi.jpg
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| assembly_cons = [[Bawal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bawal]] [[Rewari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rewari]] [[Pataudi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pataudi]] [[Badshahpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badshahpur]] [[Gurgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]] [[Sohna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sohna]] [[Nuh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuh]] [[Ferozepur Jhirka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur Jhirka]] [[Punahana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Punahana]]
}}

'''Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 10 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Haryana]] state in northern [[India]]. This constituency was in existence from 1952 to 1977. It came into existence again in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted in 2002. This constituency was created by merging five assembly segments of erstwhile [[Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahendragarh]] constituency with four assembly segments of erstwhile [[Faridabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridabad]] constituency.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080711/haryana.htm#1|title=Delimitation has Rao Inderjit in a fix|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=11 July 2008|author=Gupta, Yoginder}}</ref>
==Assembly segments==
At present, Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency comprises nine [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoharyana.nic.in/pdf/ERoll%202009.pdf|title=Parliamentary/Assembly Constituency wise Electors in Final Roll 2009|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Haryana|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409213734/http://ceoharyana.nic.in/pdf/ERoll%202009.pdf|archivedate=9 April 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|72
|[[Bawal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bawal]] (SC)
| rowspan="2" |[[Rewari district|Rewari]]
|[[Krishan Kumar (Bawal politician)|Krishan Kumar]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|74
|[[Rewari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rewari]]
|[[Laxman Singh Yadav]]
|-
|75
|[[Pataudi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pataudi]] (SC)
| rowspan="4" |[[Gurgaon district|Gurugram]]
|[[Bimla Chaudhary]]
|-
|76
|[[Badshahpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badshahpur]]
|[[Rao Narbir Singh]]
|-
|77
|[[Gurgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]]
|[[Mukesh Sharma (Haryana politician)|Mukesh Sharma]]
|-
|78
|[[Sohna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sohna]]
|[[Tejpal Tawar|Tejpal Tanwar]]
|-
|79
|[[Nuh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuh]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Nuh district|Nuh]]
|[[Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed|Aftab Ahmed]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|80
|[[Ferozepur Jhirka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur Jhirka]]
|[[Mamman Khan]]
|-
|81
|[[Punahana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Punahana]]
|[[Chaudhary Mohd Ilyas|Mohammad Ilyas]]
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
The '''Gurgaon''' Lok Sabha constituency was created in 1952. The list of Member of Parliament (MP) is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Pandit Thakur Das Bhargava|Thakur Das Bhargava]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad|Abul Kalam Azad]]
|-
|1958^
|[[Prakash Vir Shastri]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|Gajraj Singh Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Abdul Ghani Dar]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Tayyab Husain]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1977–2008 : Constituency abolished''}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Haryana|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Gurgaon]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Rao Inderjit Singh]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=8,08,336|percentage=50.48|change= {{decrease}}10.46}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Raj Babbar]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=7,33,257|percentage=45.79|change={{increase}}11.55}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jannayak Janta Party|candidate=Rahul Yadav (Fazilpuria)|votes=13,278|percentage=0.83|change={{increase}}0.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Vijay Khatana|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=8,946|percentage=0.56|change={{decrease}} 1.24}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|votes=6,417|percentage=0.4|change={{increase}} 0.03}}
{{Election box majority||votes=75,079|percentage=4.68|change={{decrease}}22.02}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=16,03,233|percentage=62.02|change={{decrease}}5.31}}

{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

'''Legislative Assembly Wise Results'''
{| class="wikitable sortable imitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Assembly !! 1st Position !! Party !!Votes !! 2nd Position !! Party !!Votes !! Margin
|-
| 72 || [[Bawal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bawal]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |85,903|| [[Raj Babbar]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |63,654|| {{increase}}22,249
|-
| 74 || [[Rewari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rewari]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |96,938|| [[Raj Babbar]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |60,409|| {{increase}}36,529
|-
| 75 || [[Pataudi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pataudi]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,01,187|| [[Raj Babbar]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |58,197|| {{increase}}42,990
|-
| 76 || [[Badshahpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badshahpur]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,96,805|| [[Raj Babbar]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |75,081|| {{increase}}1,21,724
|-
| 77 || [[Gurgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,62,825|| [[Raj Babbar]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |60,439|| {{increase}}1,02,386
|-
| 78 || [[Sohna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sohna]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |89,654|| [[Raj Babbar]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]]|| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |83,543|| {{increase}}6,111
|-
| 79 || [[Nuh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuh]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Raj Babbar]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |98,070|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |30,568|| {{decrease}}67,502
|-
| 80 || [[Ferozepur Jhirka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur Jhirka]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Raj Babbar]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |1,23,658|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |25,100|| {{decrease}}98,558
|-
| 81 || [[Punahana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Punahana]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Raj Babbar]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |1,08,645|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |16,181|| {{decrease}}92,464
|}
{{notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Gurgaon]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |candidate=[[Rao Inderjit Singh]]
|votes= 8,81,546
|percentage= 60.94
|change={{increase}}12.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate=[[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]]
|party=Indian National Congress
|votes=4,95,290
|percentage=34.24
|change={{increase}}24.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 5,389
|percentage = 0.37
|change ={{increase}}0.17
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes=3,86,256
|percentage=26.70
|change={{increase}}5.90
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes= 14,48,101
|percentage= 67.33
|change={{decrease}}4.25
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
'''Legislative Assembly Wise Results'''
{| class="wikitable sortable imitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Assembly !! 1st Position !! Party !!Votes !! 2nd Position !! Party !!Votes !! Margin
|-
| 72 || [[Bawal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bawal]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,16,493|| [[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |26,500|| {{increase}}89,993
|-
| 74 || [[Rewari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rewari]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,19,912|| [[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |34,811|| {{increase}}85,101
|-
| 75 || [[Pataudi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pataudi]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,20,882|| [[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |26,062|| {{increase}}94,820
|-
| 76 || [[Badshahpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badshahpur]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,85,138|| [[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |42,188|| {{increase}}1,42,950
|-
| 77 || [[Gurgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,62,627|| [[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |39,520|| {{increase}}1,23,107
|-
| 78 || [[Sohna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sohna]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |89,198|| [[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]]|| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |53,336|| {{increase}}35,862
|-
| 79 || [[Nuh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuh]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |82,116|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |34,258|| {{decrease}}47,858
|-
| 80 || [[Ferozepur Jhirka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur Jhirka]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |1,08,324|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |26,466|| {{decrease}}81,858
|-
| 81 || [[Punahana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Punahana]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Ajay Singh Yadav|Capt. Ajay Singh Yadav]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |81,876|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |22,267|| {{decrease}}59,609
|}
===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Gurgaon]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rao Inderjit Singh]]
|votes = 6,44,780
|percentage = 48.82
|change = {{increase}}32.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Lok Dal
|candidate = [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]]
|votes = 3,70,058
|percentage = 28.02
|change = {{increase}}28.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rao Dharampal]]
|votes = 1,33,713
|percentage = 10.12
|change = {{decrease}}26.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Yogendra Yadav]]
|votes = 79,452
|percentage = 6.02
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dharampal
|votes = 65,009
|percentage = 4.92
|change = {{decrease}}20.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 2,657
|percentage = 0.20
|change = {{increase}}0.20
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,74,722
|percentage = 20.80
|change ={{increase}}9.58
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 13,20,620
|percentage = 71.58
|change = {{increase}}10.81
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{increase}}32.18
}}
{{Election box end}}
'''Legislative Assembly Wise Results'''
{| class="wikitable sortable imitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Assembly !! 1st Position !! Party !!Votes !! 2nd Position !! Party !!Votes !! 3rd Position !! Party !! Votes !! 4th Position !! Party !! Votes !! 5th Position !! Party !!Votes
|-
| 72 || [[Bawal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bawal]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |84,828|| [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]]|| [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;" |20,387|| Dharampal || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" |11,318|| [[Rao Dharampal]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |9,612 || [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;" |5,008
|-
| 74 || [[Rewari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rewari]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |95,353|| [[Rao Dharampal]] || [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |13,093|| [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]] || [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;" |11,298|| [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;" |11,265 || Dharampal|| [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" |6,296
|-
| 75 || [[Pataudi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pataudi]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |92,020|| [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]] || [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;" |18,449|| [[Rao Dharampal]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |12,599|| Dharampal || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" |8,193|| [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;" |4,452
|-
| 76 || [[Badshahpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badshahpur]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,30,918|| [[Rao Dharampal]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;"" |22,193|| [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;" |21,670|| [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]]|| [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;" |18,876|| Dharampal || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" |11,665
|-
| 77 || [[Gurgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |1,25,164|| [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;"|27,601|| [[Rao Dharampal]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |17,687|| [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]]|| [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;" |11,317|| Dharampal || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" |5,147
|-
| 78 || [[Sohna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sohna]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |64,165|| [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]] || [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]]|| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;"|46,849 || Dharampal || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" |15,816|| [[Rao Dharampal]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |8,712|| [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;"|3,650
|-
| 79 || [[Nuh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nuh]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]] || [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;" |69,175|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |21,121 || [[Rao Dharampal]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |17,968|| Dharampal || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" |2,591|| [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;" |1,884
|-
| 80 || [[Ferozepur Jhirka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur Jhirka]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]] || [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;" |92,536|| [[Rao Dharampal]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;"|18,945|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |18,172|| Dharampal || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" |2,101|| [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;" |2,065
|-
| 81 || [[Punahana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Punahana]] || style="background: #CCFFCC;" |[[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]] || [[Indian National Lok Dal|INLD]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Lok Dal}}; color:white;" |81,165|| [[Rao Dharampal]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; color:white;" |12,888|| [[Rao Inderjit Singh]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}; color:white;" |12,745|| Dharampal || [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] || style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; color:white;" color:white;" |1,880|| [[Yogendra Yadav]]|| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] || style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; color:white;" |1,847
|}
===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Gurgaon]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rao Inderjit Singh]]
|votes = 2,78,516
|percentage = 36.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Zakir Hussain]]
|votes = 1,93,652
|percentage = 25.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sudha Yadav]]
|votes = 1,25,837
|percentage = 16.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)
|candidate = [[Narbir Singh]]
|votes = 1,17,260
|percentage = 15.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Yashpal
|votes = 11,838
|percentage = 1.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 84,864
|percentage = 11.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,56,236
|percentage = 60.77
|change = ''new''
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Gurgaon district]]
* [[Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Haryana}}
{{Haryana}}
{{coords|28.4|77.0|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurgaon (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Haryana]]
[[Category:Gurgaon district]]

Burhanpur district

2025-12-18T15:16:01Z

Samyakkpravesh: rework content also and corrected details

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Burhanpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Burhanpur district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Shahi Qila, Burhanpur.jpg
|photo2a = Asirgarh fort -Asirgarh-Burhanpur (Madhya Pradesh, India).JPG
}}
| image_caption = Top: [[Shahi Qila, Burhanpur|Shahi Qila]] in [[Burhanpur]] Bottom: [[Asirgarh Fort]]
| image_map = MP Burhanpur district map.svg
| map_caption = Location of Burhanpur district in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Burhanpur
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Indore division|Indore]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{start date|2003|08|15|df=y}}
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Burhanpur]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 3427
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 757,847
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 65.28 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 900
| leader_title = [[District collector]]
| leader_name = Bhavya Mittal ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[Nepanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nepanagar (179)]] [[Burhanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Burhanpur (180)]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://burhanpur.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Burhanpur district''' ({{IPA|hi|bʊɾɦaːnpʊɾ}}) is a [[Districts of Madhya Pradesh|district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in [[central India]]. The city of [[Burhanpur]] is the district headquarters.

Burhanpur District was created on 15 August 2003, from the southern portion of [[Khandwa District]]. The [[Tapti River]] flows through the district from east to west. The district is divided from Khandwa District on the north by the [[Satpura Range]], which is also the divide between the [[Narmada River]] valley and the valley of the Tapti. The pass through the Satpuras that connects Burhanpur and [[Khandwa]] is one of the main routes connecting northern and southern India, and the [[Asirgarh Fort|Asirgarh]] fortress, which commands the pass, is known as the "Key to the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]".

The district is divided into two development blocks, Burhanpur and Khaknar, and three [[tehsil]]s, [[Nepanagar]], Burhanpur, and [[Khaknar]]. Burhanpur District is part of [[Indore Division]].

Burhanpur is one of the most prominent places for the people of [[Dawoodi Bohra]] Community as Burhanpur houses one of the holiest and largest dargah (Dargh-E-Hakimi) of the community.

The old Burhanpur city is surrounded by gates giving it the appearance of a fort.

== History ==
The district was historically part of the [[Nimar]] and [[Khandesh]] regions, Khandesh subha (province), and was part of the various dynasties that rose and fell here. During the rise of Buddhism, the region was part of [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]]. The [[Maurya Empire|Mauryas]] ruled the region for a while, and were succeeded by the [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahanas]], [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakatakas]]. The region was part of the Gupta empire but after its collapse passed to Harshavardhana in 608 CE. Asirgarh and its surroundings were then ruled by the Tak Rajputs. In 1296, Alauddin Khilji conquered Asirgarh.

In the Mughal rule of India, this district was part of Khandesh province and Burhanpur was its capital city.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Shivaji And His Times |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056750 |year=1920 |location=New York, United States of America |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056750/page/n201 180]–190 |language=en}}</ref> In 1536, Humayun visited Burhanpur and forced the submission of Raja Ali Khan, also known as Adlil Shah, who controlled Burhanpur and Asirgarh. His son Bahadur Khan rebelled against Akbar, who soon arrived personally in the region to examine Asirgarh fort for himself. Shah Jahan stayed in the fort starting in 1630 for 2 years to conduct operations against the various Deccan powers, and there his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal died and was initially buried in Burhanpur. In 1632, Shah Jahan left and left Mahabat Khan as viceroy of the Deccan.

Burhanpur was under the control of Aurangzeb in the late 17th century. In 1681, the Marathas made their first raid on Khandesh and sacked Burhanpur. In 1720, the Nizam of Hyderabad took over control of all Mughal possessions in the Deccan, including Burhanpur, but was constantly beset by the forces of Maratha Peshwa Balaji Rao I until it was ceded to the Marathas. The district was variously controlled by the Scindias or Holkars until in 1818, it came under British rule after the Third Anglo-Maratha War.

In 1857, [[Tatya Tope]] passed through the district during the rebellion. Various nationalist figures and freedom fighters arose in the Nimar region. After Independence the district became part of the newly-formed state of Madhya Pradesh.

== Geography ==
Burhanpur district is bordered by [[Maharashtra]] state on the South, South-East, [[Khandwa district]] in North, [[Khargone district]] to the west. [[Tapti River]] flows through this district.
[[Nepanagar]], [[Shahpur, Burhanpur|Shahpur]], [[Icchapur]], [[Khaknar]] and [[Dhulkot]] is other major towns of District.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,06,985|13=1911|14=1,27,696|15=1921|16=1,29,511|17=1931|18=1,52,609|19=1941|20=1,67,736|21=1951|22=1,76,580|23=1961|24=2,38,244|25=1971|26=3,11,188|27=1981|28=4,23,799|29=1991|30=5,33,066|31=2001|32=6,34,883|33=2011|34=7,57,847|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43356/download/47048/23%20A-2%20Madhya%20Pradesh.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Burhanpur District has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 757,847,<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Burhanpur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/688/download/2400/DH_2011_2350_PART_A_DCHB_BURHANPUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Djibouti]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Djibouti 757,074 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Alaska 710,231
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=1 January 2011
|df=dmy
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 490th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 221 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.23%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Burhanpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 900 females for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 65.28%. 34.35% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 8.48% and 30.36% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Burhanpur district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|72.91}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#008000|23.86}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|2.62}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.61}}
}}
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Burhanpur district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|float = left
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 26.97 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 17.18 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 16.52 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Korku language|Korku]] |value4 = 10.42 |color4 = darkorchid
|label5 = [[Pauri Bareli language|Bareli]] |value5 = 6.23 |color5 = palegoldenrod
|label6 = [[Bhilali language|Bhilali]] |value6 = 5.33 |color6 = lightyellow
|label7 = [[Lambadi|Banjari]] |value7 = 3.78 |color7 = peachpuff
|label8 = [[Bhili language|Bhili]] |value8 = 2.81 |color8 = khaki
|label9 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value9 = 2.54 |color9 = skyblue
|label10 = [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] |value10 = 2.24 |color10 = mediumvioletred
|label11 = Others |value11 = 5.98 |color11 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 26.97% of the population in the district spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 17.18% [[Hindi]], 16.52% [[Urdu]], 10.42% [[Korku language|Korku]], 6.23% [[Pauri Bareli language|Bareli]], 5.33% [[Bhilali language|Bhilali]], 3.78% [[Lambadi|Banjari]], 2.81% [[Bhili language|Bhili]], 2.54% [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and 2.24% [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10211/download/13323/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Sub Division and Tehsil==
There is three tehsil's in Burhanpur District.
* [[Burhanpur]]
* [[Nepanagar]]
* [[Khaknar]]

==Tourist places==
*Shahi KIla
*Asiragarh Fort
*Raja Jai Singh's Chatri
*Black Tajmahal
*Ahukhana
*Hammam or The Royal Bath
*Jama Masjid
*Dargah-e-Hakimi
*Icchadevi Temple

== Villages ==


*[[Chillara]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*[https://burhanpur.nic.in/ Burhanpur District]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Burhanpur district
|North = [[East Nimar district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Amravati district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|Southeast = [[Buldhana district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Jalgaon district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[West Nimar district]]
}}

{{Districts of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Indore Division}}

{{coord|21|18|36|N|76|13|48|E|region:IN-MP_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Burhanpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Aashka Goradia

2025-12-17T07:12:50Z

Samyakkpravesh: info...

{{short description|Indian television actress (born 1985)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aashka Goradia
| image = Aashka Goradia at the Launch of Santosh Sawant's 'Smiling Soul' (4).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Goradia in 2012
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|11|27}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|entrepreneur}}
| years_active = 2002–2019
| known_for = {{Ubl
| ''[[Kkusum]]''
| ''[[Sinndoor Tere Naam Ka]]''
| ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]''
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]''
}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Brent Goble|2017}}
| children = 1
}}

'''Aashka Goradia Goble''' (born 27 November 1985)<ref>{{cite news |title=Naagin's Actress Aashka Goradia Turns A Year Older; Husband Brent Goble And Friends Wish Her In The Most Adorable Way |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/naagins-actress-aashka-goradia-turns-a-year-older-husband-brent-goble-and-friends-wish-her-in-the-most-adorable-way/articleshow/66831818.cms |access-date=27 November 2022 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> is a former Indian actress and entrepreneur who worked in Hindi television. Goradia is known for portraying Kkumud Kapoor Oberoi in ''[[Kkusum]]'', Arpita Prasad Raizada in ''[[Sinndoor Tere Naam Ka]]'', [[Udai Singh II#Personal life|Dheer Bai Bhatiyani]] in ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'' and Avantika in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'' and ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]''. She participated in ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' and ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]'', where she was placed at 7th and 8th place respectively. She won the [[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role]], for her role in ''Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/aashka-goradia-in-maharana-pratap/articleshow/19662621.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528193502/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aashka-Goradia-in-Maharana-Pratap/articleshow/19662621.cms |url-status=live |archive-date=28 May 2018 |newspaper=Times of India |title=Aashka Goradia in Maharana Pratap! |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref>

== Career ==
Goradia started her career with [[Sony TV]]'s ''[[Achanak 37 Saal Baad]]'' in 2002 and comedy sitcom ''Acting Acting''. Soon after, she was signed on for ''[[Kkusum]]'' on [[Sony TV]] in which she played the role of Kumud.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k4/kkusum.htm |title=Ditto for Kkusum!: After nearly 550 episodes, Kkusum has stormed ahead by 18 years |date=27 January 2004 |publisher=Indian Television |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618124921/http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k4/kkusum.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> She then acted in another serial ''Akela'' which also aired on [[Sony TV]]. She also did a reality game show ''Jet Set Go'' on [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]] but was replaced by [[Shama Sikander]]. She then played some roles in TV serials like ''[[Sinndoor Tere Naam Ka]]'' on [[Zee TV]], ''Mere Apne'' on [[9X (TV channel)|9X]] and ''[[Virrudh]]'' on [[Sony TV]]. She was also seen as ''Kalika'' in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar|Saat Phere]]'', [[Sony TV]]'s ''[[Shubh Vivah]]'' and Kalavati ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aashka-Goradia-the-makeup-artist/articleshow/9806711.cms |title=Aashka Goradia the makeup artist |date=30 August 2011 |website=The Times of India |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719012205/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aashka-Goradia-the-makeup-artist/articleshow/9806711.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> on [[Colors TV]], which were all negative characters.

Goradia has also participated in some reality shows like ''[[Kabhi Kabhii Pyaar Kabhi Kabhii Yaar]]'', ''[[Mr. & Ms. TV]]'' and ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi (season 4)|Khatron Ke Khiladi Season 4]]''. In 2012, she participated as a contestant in the sixth season of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss]]'', the Indian version of the original UK show ''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]'' entering the ''Bigg Boss'' house on 6 October 2012 and getting evicted on 28 December 2012 (on the 83rd day of the show). Slamming reality shows in an interview in 2018, she alleged that the producers had misreprented her as a lesbian on the show.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/aashka-goradia-claims-bigg-boss-misrepresented-her-as-a-lesbian-after-editing-tricks-1864281 |title=Aashka Goradia Claims Bigg Boss Misrepresented Her As A Lesbian After 'Editing Tricks' |date=8 June 2018 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708233721/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/aashka-goradia-claims-bigg-boss-misrepresented-her-as-a-lesbian-after-editing-tricks-1864281 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catchnews.com/television-news/naagin-actress-aashka-goradia-revealed-how-bigg-boss-destroyed-her-image-by-portraying-her-as-a-lesbian-116879.html |title=Naagin actress Aashka Goradia revealed how Bigg Boss destroyed her image by portraying her as a 'Lesbian' |date=8 June 2018 |website=Catch News |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708233717/http://www.catchnews.com/television-news/naagin-actress-aashka-goradia-revealed-how-bigg-boss-destroyed-her-image-by-portraying-her-as-a-lesbian-116879.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Aashka Goradia in 2013.jpg|thumb|left|Goradia on the sets of ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'']]

From 2013 to 2015, she played the role of Maharani Dheer Bai Bhatiyani in the television series ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'' on [[Sony TV]]. In August 2015, she played the evil fairy Mahavinashini on [[Sab TV]]'s ''[[Baal Veer]]''. She was then seen in the supernatural drama ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'' from 2016 to 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aashka-Goradia-to-enter-Naagin-as-Ichchadhari-Madhumakhi/articleshow/52413167.cms |title=Aashka Goradia to enter Naagin as 'Ichchadhari Madhumakhi' |date=24 May 2016 |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=20 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720083625/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aashka-Goradia-to-enter-Naagin-as-Ichchadhari-Madhumakhi/articleshow/52413167.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/aashka-goradia-to-be-ichadhaari-honey-bee-in-naagin/17268175 |title=Aashka Goradia to be 'ichadhaari' honey bee in 'Naagin' |date=26 May 2016 |website=Mid-day |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709014129/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/aashka-goradia-to-be-ichadhaari-honey-bee-in-naagin/17268175 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, she participated in the couple dance reality show ''[[Nach Baliye]] Season 8'' on [[StarPlus]] with fiancé Brent Goble. First eliminated on 14 May,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/nach-baliye-8-aashka-goradia-brent-not-out-yet-will-compete-for-wild-card-entry/story-lxp5MRFlZv5EY3DOZ2BKmM.html |title=Nach Baliye 8: Aashka Goradia, Brent not out yet, will compete for wild card entry |date=18 May 2017 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708233717/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/nach-baliye-8-aashka-goradia-brent-not-out-yet-will-compete-for-wild-card-entry/story-lxp5MRFlZv5EY3DOZ2BKmM.html |url-status=live}}</ref> they as a wild card entry only to be eliminated again on 4 June.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/379803/nach-baliye-8-shocked-over-aashka-goradia-brent-gobles-eviction-sonakshi-sinha |title=Nach Baliye 8 - Shocked over Aashka Goradia-Brent Goble's eviction, Sonakshi Sinha calls them an underestimated couple |date=2 June 2017 |website=Pinkvilla |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708233721/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/379803/nach-baliye-8-shocked-over-aashka-goradia-brent-gobles-eviction-sonakshi-sinha |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Goradia was seen playing the role of Sapt-roopa on [[&TV]]'s show ''[[Daayan (TV series)|Daayan]]''. Her last screen appearance was as a contestant on ''Kitchen Champion 5''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/an-emotional-goodbye-from-tinaa-datta-to-aashka-goradia-on-daayan/21226156 |title=An emotional goodbye from Tinaa Datta to Aashka Goradia on Daayan |date=26 June 2019 |website=Mid-day |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709014126/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/an-emotional-goodbye-from-tinaa-datta-to-aashka-goradia-on-daayan/21226156 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/apr/03/naagin-actress-aashka-goradia-says-sabbatical-from-fiction-tv-wasnt-planned-1959679.html |title='Naagin' actress Aashka Goradia says sabbatical from fiction TV wasn't planned |date=3 April 2019 |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708232103/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/apr/03/naagin-actress-aashka-goradia-says-sabbatical-from-fiction-tv-wasnt-planned-1959679.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Aashka dated television actor [[Rohit Bakshi (actor)|Rohit Bakshi]] from 2006 to 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/actors-aashka-goradia-and-rohit-bakshi-split-up-after-10-years-1439090 |title=Actors Aashka Goradia and Rohit Bakshi Split Up After 10 Years |date=2 August 2016 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709000323/http://movies.ndtv.com/television/actors-aashka-goradia-and-rohit-bakshi-split-up-after-10-years-1439090 |url-status=live}}</ref> After her break-up, she started dating Brent Goble, an American businessman. Aashka married Brent on 1 December 2017 in a Christian wedding ceremony, followed with a traditional Hindu ceremony on 3 December 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/nach-baliye-8-couple-aashka-goradia-and-brent-goble-to-tie-the-knot-on-3-december-4760977/ |title=Nach Baliye 8 couple Aashka Goradia and Brent Goble to tie the knot on December 3 |date=21 July 2017 |website=The Indian Express |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709000321/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/nach-baliye-8-couple-aashka-goradia-and-brent-goble-to-tie-the-knot-on-3-december-4760977/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/aashka-goradia-and-brent-goble-are-married-see-pictures-video-from-her-dreamy-church-wedding/story-cXgT36bqCdnv002uREYc9K.html |title=Aashka Goradia marries Brent Goble. See new pictures, videos from her white wedding |date=3 December 2017 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709000322/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/aashka-goradia-and-brent-goble-are-married-see-pictures-video-from-her-dreamy-church-wedding/story-cXgT36bqCdnv002uREYc9K.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The couple welcomed their first child, a boy, in October 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actor-aashka-goradia-blessed-with-a-baby-boy-shares-news-on-instagram-2023-10-28-900012|title=TV actor Aashka Goradia blessed with a baby boy, shares news on Instagram|work=India TV|first=Sakshi|last=Verma|date=28 October 2023|accessdate=28 October 2023}}</ref>

[[Internet troll|Trolled]] for undergoing a [[plastic surgery|lip job]] in 2018, Aashka responded by opening up about the surgery and claiming that her choice to look better did not make her fake.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/aashka-goradia-the-choice-to-look-better-doesnt-make-you-fake-or-plastic/articleshow/65418361.cms |title=Aashka Goradia: The choice to look better doesn't make you fake or plastic |date=16 August 2018 |website=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709000322/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/aashka-goradia-the-choice-to-look-better-doesnt-make-you-fake-or-plastic/articleshow/65418361.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/aashka-goradia-trolled-for-her-lip-job-says-no-sob-story-thats-my-choice-1901491 |title=Aashka Goradia, Trolled For Her Lip Job, Says 'No Sob Story, That's My Choice' |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708233733/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/aashka-goradia-trolled-for-her-lip-job-says-no-sob-story-thats-my-choice-1901491 |url-status=live}}</ref> Earlier the same year, she slammed the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' in an interview with actor and talkshow host [[Rajeev Khandelwal]] on his show ''Juzzbaatt'' for misrepresenting her as a [[lesbian]] by using editing tricks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/aashka-goradia-claims-she-was-portrayed-as-a-lesbian-on-bigg-boss-through-editing-tricks/story-vqAWQYU4Pu4snaH5Sa4DOI.html |title=Aashka Goradia claims she was portrayed as a lesbian on Bigg Boss after editing tricks |date=8 June 2018 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708233717/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/aashka-goradia-claims-she-was-portrayed-as-a-lesbian-on-bigg-boss-through-editing-tricks/story-vqAWQYU4Pu4snaH5Sa4DOI.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Other work==

[[File:Aashka Goradia Fashion show for girl child 04.jpg|thumb|Goradia at a fashion show supporting ‘’Girl Child’’ in 2012]]

In 2018, Goradia launched her cosmetic brand Renée Cosmetics.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/meet-the-popular-tv-actress-and-successful-entrepreneur-who-runs-a-rs-830-crore-empire |title=Aashka Goradia runs a Rs 830 crore empire with Renée Cosmetics |date=21 January 2024 |newspaper=GQ India |access-date=10 February 2024 |archive-date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302002059/https://www.gqindia.com/content/meet-the-popular-tv-actress-and-successful-entrepreneur-who-runs-a-rs-830-crore-empire |url-status=live}}</ref> She then launched India's first double stitched 3D eyelashes under the brand, named after her mother-in-law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/my-focus-is-on-my-new-venture-aashka-118052500602_1.html |title=My focus is on my new venture: Aashka |date=25 May 2018 |newspaper=Business Standard India |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709002059/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/my-focus-is-on-my-new-venture-aashka-118052500602_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> She named the first products after close friends like actresses [[Juhi Parmar]], [[Mouni Roy]] and [[Abigail Jain]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/aashka-goradia-names-eyelashes-after-close-friends-mouni-roy-abigail-and-juhi-parmars-daughter/19498170 |title=Aashka Goradia names eyelashes after close friends Mouni Roy, Abigail Jain and Juhi Parmar's daughter |date=9 June 2018 |website=Mid-day |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709045708/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/aashka-goradia-names-eyelashes-after-close-friends-mouni-roy-abigail-and-juhi-parmars-daughter/19498170 |url-status=live}}</ref> She was also invited to be a speaker at a [[TED Talk]] later that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/naagin-actress-aashka-goradia-gears-up-for-ted-talks-1308649-2018-08-08 |title=Naagin actress Aashka Goradia gears up for TED Talks |date=8 August 2018 |website=India Today |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=2 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702135132/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/naagin-actress-aashka-goradia-gears-up-for-ted-talks-1308649-2018-08-08 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Headlines/14548/aashka-goradia-gears-up-for-ted-talks.html |title=Aashka Goradia gears up for TED Talks |date=8 August 2018 |website=The Weekend Leader |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709002054/http://www.theweekendleader.com/Headlines/14548/aashka-goradia-gears-up-for-ted-talks.html |archive-date=9 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2021, Renée Cosmetics was named as one of the power brands at [[Femina (India)|Femina Power Brands 2021]]. In the same year, it won India's Most Trusted Brand award at [[CNBC TV18|CNBC Most Trusted Brands Of India]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.femina.in/trending/femina-power-brands/femina-power-brands-2021-timelessly-inspired-renee-cosmetics-187867.amp |title=Femina Power Brands 2021: Timelessly Inspired Renee Cosmetics |date=11 March 2021 |newspaper=Femina India |access-date=27 June 2021 |archive-date=16 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916002059/https://www.femina.in/trending/femina-power-brands/femina-power-brands-2021-timelessly-inspired-renee-cosmetics-187867.amp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/content/press-releases-ani/renee-cosmetics-recognized-as-india-s-most-trusted-brand-by-cnbc-tv-18-121033000963_1.html |title=RENEE Cosmetics recognized as India's Most Trusted Brand |date=30 March 2021 |newspaper=Business Standard India |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-date=23 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123002059/https://www.business-standard.com/amp/content/press-releases-ani/renee-cosmetics-recognized-as-india-s-most-trusted-brand-by-cnbc-tv-18-121033000963_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Role
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Achanak 37 Saal Baad]]''
| Komal
|-
| rowspan="2"|2003
| ''[[Bhabhi (TV series)|Bhabhi]]''
| Seema
|-
| ''[[Tum Bin Jaaoon Kahaan]]''
| Annu
|-
| 2003–2004
| ''[[Kayaamat]]''
| Vishakha
|-
| 2003–2005
| ''[[Kkusum]]''
| Kkumud Kapoor Oberoi
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''
| Razia Khan
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Piya Ka Ghar (TV series)|Piya Ka Ghar]]''
| Chandni
|-
| 2006
| ''Akela''
| Kinnari
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Kahiin to Hoga]]''
| Gayatri Ahluwalia
|-
| 2006-2007
| ''[[Sinndoor Tere Naam Ka]]''
| Arpita Prasad Raizada
|-
| 2006
| ''[[List of programs broadcast by STAR One|Jet Set Go]]''
| Contestant
|-
| 2007–2008
| ''[[Virrudh]]''
| Naina Siddharth Chopra
|-
| 2007
| ''Mere Apne''
| Sanya Pandey
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]''
| Advocate Kalika Singh
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Kabhi Kabhii Pyaar Kabhi Kabhii Yaar]]''
| Contestant
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Specials @ 10]]''
| Tara
|-
| 2010–2012
| ''[[Laagi Tujhse Lagan]]''
| Kalavati "Kala" Patil
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Mr. & Ms. TV]]''
| Contestant
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''
| Herself; Guest appearance
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 4|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 4]]''
| Contestant
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4]]''
| Contestant; 7th place
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Shubh Vivah (2012 TV series)|Shubh Vivah]]''
| Sarla Awasthi
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]''
| Contestant; 8th place
|-
| 2013–2015
| ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''
| [[Udai Singh II#Personal life|Rani Dheer Bai Bhatiyani]]
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''
| Advocate Meera Thakur
|-
| 2014
| ''Get Rich With Aashka''
| Host
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Savdhaan India]]''
| Asma
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Baalveer]]''
| Mahavinashini Pari
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]''
| rowspan="2"| Avantika
|-
| 2016–2017
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 2]]''
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 8|Nach Baliye 8]]''
| Contestant; 6th place
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Daayan (TV series)|Daayan]]''
| Saptroopa
|-
| 2019
| ''Kitchen Champion 5''
| Contestant
|-
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| 2013
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="2"|[[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role|Best Actress in a Negative Role]]
| rowspan="3"|''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sony Entertainment Television's Bharat Ka Veer Putra - Maharana Pratap sweep six ITA awards|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bharat-ka-veer-putra-maharana-pratap-sweep-six-ita-awards-614544|website=NDTV|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2014
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2014 |work=Indian Television Academy Awards |title=ITA Awards 2014 Winners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107232303/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2014 |archive-date=7 November 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=31 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role|Best Actress in a Negative Role]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2014 Popular Awards nominees and winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/nominees/winners|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420095547/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/nominees/winners|archivedate=2016-04-20}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|nm1875862}}
* {{Instagram|aashkagoradia}}

{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Negative Actress}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goradia, Aashka}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]

Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari

2025-12-05T00:56:24Z

Samyakkpravesh: fix references additionally and improved wording per sources

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker}}
{{Multiple issues|{{BLP sources|date=September 2017}}{{fan POV|date=April 2017}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari
| image = Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari attends the 63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018 (05).jpg
| caption = Tiwari in 2018
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1979|10|15}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|writer|producer}}
| notable_works = {{ubl|''[[Break Point (2021 TV series)|Break Point]]''|''[[Bareilly Ki Barfi]]''|''[[Panga (film)|Panga]]''|''[[Nil Battey Sannata]]''}}
| spouse = [[Nitesh Tiwari]]
| children = 2
}}

'''Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari''' (born 15 October 1979) is an Indian film director and writer. After working in advertising for several years, she made her debut by directing the comedy-drama ''[[Nil Battey Sannata]]'' (2016). The film garnered great reviews and Tiwari went on to direct its Tamil remake entitled {{Lang|ta-latn|[[Amma Kanakku]]}}. She had previously served as the Executive Creative Director at [[Leo Burnett]] before she moved on to pursue a filmmaking career. Tiwari won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Director]] for the romantic comedy-drama ''[[Bareilly Ki Barfi]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari: Director With A Purpose|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/self-made-women-2020/ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-director-with-a-purpose/58149/1|access-date=24 November 2020|website=Forbes India|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Ashwiny Iyer was born on 15 October 1979 in a Tamil speaking family and grew up in the suburb of [[Mulund]], Mumbai. She studied at [[St. Mary's Convent High School, Mulund]] and did her higher studies from [[SIES College of Commerce and Economics]]. She is married to writer-director [[Nitesh Tiwari]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/advertisings-classic-love-stories-nitesh-tiwari-and-ashwiny-iyer-tiwari/50910139 |title=Advertising's classic love stories: Nitesh Tiwari and Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari, Marketing & Advertising News, ET BrandEquity |publisher=Brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=9 February 2016 |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dangal-working-with-aamir-khan-dream-come-true-for-any-director-ashwini-iyer-tiwari-2762345/ |title=Working with Aamir Khan dream come true for any director: Ashwini Iyer Tiwari |work=The Indian Express|date=20 April 2016 |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
===Advertising===
A gold medalist in commercial arts from [[Sophia Polytechnic]], Mumbai, Ashwiny spent 15 years in the advertising agency Leo Burnett (India). She won several awards like [[Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity|Cannes Lions]], New York festival, One show, [[Promax Awards|Promax]] and the Goafest Awards. She quit Leo Burnett to follow her passion in filmmaking.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari exits Leo Burnett {{!}} Advertising|url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-exits-leo-burnett/419754|access-date=24 November 2020|website=Campaign India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/39084_Ashwiny-Iyer-Tiwari-bids-adieu-to-Leo-Burnett |title=Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari bids adieu to Leo Burnett |date=30 October 2013 |publisher=Afaqs.com |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref>

===Films===

==== Work on short films and directorial debut (2012-2016) ====
Iyer made her first short film ''What's for Breakfast'' in 2012. In 2016, she made her feature film directorial debut with the comedy-drama ''[[Nil Battey Sannata]]'' starring [[Swara Bhasker]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Nil-Battey-Sannata/movie-review/51938384.cms?tabtype=box |title=Nil Battey Sannata Movie Box office collection report 2016|work=The Times of India|accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Colour Yellow Productions]] ([[Aanand L Rai]]) in association with [[JAR Pictures]] and Opticus Inc. and presented by [[Eros International]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Nil-Battey-Sannata-trailer-launched/articleshow/51509151.cms |title=Swara Bhaskar: 'Nil Battey Sannata' trailer launched|work=The Times of India|date=28 January 2017 |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref> Its story was inspired by a contestant from the [[Game show|quiz show]] ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' hosted by [[Amitabh Bachchan]] which inspired many Indian viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/37703_KBC-Star-struck |title=KBC: Star-struck |date=7 June 2013 |publisher=Afaqs.com |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/grateful-to-aanand-l-rai-nil-battey-director-ashwini-iyer-tiwari-2809333/ |title=Grateful to Aanand L. Rai: 'Nil Battey Sannata' director Ashwini Iyer Tiwari |work=The Indian Express|date=19 May 2016 |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref> Released under the title of ''The New Classmate''<ref>{{cite web|author=Freja Dam |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2015/10/lff-2015-women-directors-meet-ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-the-new-classmate-213118/ |title=LFF 2015 Women Directors: Meet Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari – 'The New Classmate' |publisher=IndieWire |date=9 October 2015 |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=aanews |url=http://aapress.com/arts/the-new-classmate-tells-the-story-of-a-mothers-dream/ |title='The New Classmate' tells the story of a mother's dream | Asian American Press |publisher=Aapress.com |date=3 April 2016 |accessdate=21 April 2017 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220101205/http://aapress.com/arts/the-new-classmate-tells-the-story-of-a-mothers-dream/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> internationally, ''Nil Battey Sannata'' received positive reviews upon release, with praise for Tiwari's direction and sensitive handling of the subject matter.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bala |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/swara-bhaskar-wins-best-actress-title-in-china/ |title=Swara Bhaskar wins best actress title in China |work=The Indian Express|date=27 September 2015 |accessdate=21 April 2017}}</ref> The film emerged as a commercial failure at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nil Battey Sannatta - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3267 |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> It earned Iyer the [[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} She remade the film in Tamil as ''[[Amma Kanakku]]'' with [[Amala Paul]] in the lead role, which released on 24 June in the same year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Of-math-and-emotions/article14395253.ece |title=Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari on Nil Battey Sannata, star cast and more |newspaper=The Hindu |date= 22 June 2016|accessdate=21 April 2017|last1=Rao |first1=Subha J. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/240316/dhanush-persuaded-ashwiny-to-make-amma-kanakku.html |title=Dhanush persuaded Ashwiny to make Amma Kanakku |work=Deccanchronicle|date= 23 March 2016|access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>

==== Success (2017-present) ====
Iyer achieved her breakthrough with the romantic comedy-drama ''[[Bareilly Ki Barfi]]'' (2017) starring [[Kriti Sanon]], [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] and [[Rajkummar Rao]] in lead roles. Based on Nicolas Barreau's novel ''The Ingredients of Love'', the film received widespread critical acclaim upon release, with high praise for its direction, screenplay, dialogue, soundtrack, setting and the performances of the cast. Devesh Sharma praised the film in his four stars out of five review for ''[[Filmfare]]''; he praised Tiwari for her versatility and wrote that the film, "will give you ample laughs throughout and you’ll walk away from the theatre with a satisfied smile on your face."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bareilly-ki-barfi-movie-review-a-quirky-comedy-that-will-leave-you-happy-23139.html |title=Movie Review: Bareilly Ki Barfi |publisher=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> It emerged as a major commercial success at the box-office, grossing over ₹60 crore (US$7.5 million) worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bareilly Ki Barfi - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3580 |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> ''Bareilly Ki Barfi'' earned Iyer the [[Filmfare Award for Best Director]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash |date=22 January 2018 |title=Filmfare awards swing away from the expected, honour the unexpected |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/filmfare-awards-swing-away-expected-honour-unexpected/ |accessdate=25 January 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

In 2018, Iyer teamed up with [[Kangana Ranaut]], [[Neena Gupta]], [[Richa Chadda]] and [[Jassie Gill]] to make ''[[Panga (film)|Panga]]'', a film about a new-age family that challenges stereotypes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari announces Panga with Kangana Ranaut and Neena Gupta |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-panga-kangana-ranaut-neena-gupta-5316939/ |work=The Indian Express|accessdate=20 September 2018|date=21 August 2018 }}</ref> The film released on 24 January 2020 and was critically acclaimed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/panga-movie-review-kangana-ranaut-enlivens-ashwini-iyers-writing-soul-stirring-film-502469|title=Panga Movie Review: Kangana Ranaut enlivens Ashwini Iyer Tiwari's writing in this soul stirring film|website=PINKVILLA|date=24 January 2020 |language=en|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/10805/panga-review-kangana-ranauts-sports-flick-is-female-empowerment-at-its-most-practical|title='Panga' Review: Kangana Ranaut's Sports Flick Is Female Empowerment at Its Most Practical|first=Pramit|last=Chatterjee |date=24 January 2020|website=Mashable India|language=en-in|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref> It was the [[List of Hindi films of 2020|tenth highest-grossing Hindi film of the year]].

She signed a two-film deal with [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s [[Balaji Motion Pictures]] from which one she will direct and another she will produce along with [[Ekta Kapoor|Ekta]].

She turned author with her debut fiction novel, titled ''Mapping Love''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/filmmaker-ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-turns-author-with-mapping-love/articleshow/80878570.cms|title=Filmmaker Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari turns author with 'Mapping Love'|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 February 2021}}</ref> which released on 1 August 2021 to glowing reviews.

Iyer is the co-founder of the production house, [[Earthsky Pictures]], under which she has produced [[Break Point (2021 TV series)|Break Point]], a docu-series based on Tennis legends, [[Leander Paes]] and [[Mahesh Bhupathi]], and several ad films.

She is also directing the life story of [[N. R. Narayana Murthy|Mr. Narayan Murthy]] and [[Sudha Murty|Mrs. Sudha Murthy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/director-ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-says-its-challenging-to-write-the-murthy-biopic/articleshow/75027588.cms|title=Director Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari says it's challenging to write the 'Murthy' biopic|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=7 April 2020}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Director
! Producer
! Co-writer
! Note(s)
|-
| 2013
| ''What's For Breakfast?''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
| ''[[Nil Battey Sannata]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| {{Lang|ta-latn|[[Amma Kanakku]]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Remake of ''Nil Battey Sannata'' in Tamil
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Bareilly Ki Barfi]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020
| ''[[Panga (film)|Panga]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
| ''Ghar Ki Murgi''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| Short film
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| ''[[Ankahi Kahaniya]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|Anthology film; Released on [[Netflix]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-on-ankahi-kahaniya-abhishek-banerjee-short-netflix-anthology-film-7501618/|title=Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari on Ankahi Kahaniya: 'It was important to look inward and understand the idea of love'|date=11 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Break Point (2021 TV series)|Break Point]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|Documentary series; Released on [[ZEE5|Zee5]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/break-point-directors-ashwiny-iyer-nitesh-tiwari-mahesh-bhupathi-leander-paes-7533018/|title=Break Point directors Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari and Nitesh Tiwari: 'It felt as if we had known Mahesh Bhupathi, Leander Paes forever'|date=1 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Faadu (web series)|Faadu]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|Web series<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-to-make-her-digital-debut-with-sonyliv-s-faadu-1784377-2021-03-27|title=Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari to make her digital debut with SonyLiv's Faadu|date=27 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Tarla]]''
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|Released on Zee5<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2022 |title=Huma Qureshi transforms into home chef Tarla Dalal, see first photo |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/huma-qureshi-transforms-into-home-chef-tarla-dalal-see-first-photo-7876329/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bawaal (2023)|Bawaal]]''
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|Released on [[Amazon Prime]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2022 |title=Bawaal first look: A dapper Varun Dhawan rides a bike in streets of Lucknow |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bawaal-first-look-dapper-varun-dhawan-rides-bike-lucknow-streets-7874325/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tumse Na Ho Payega (2023 film)|Tumse Na Ho Payega]]''
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|Released on [[Disney+ Hotstar|Disney+Hotstar]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Ishwak Singh-Mahima Makwana to star in Bas Karo Aunty: 'Our film captures the mood and zeitgeist of the nation' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nitesh-tiwari-ashwiny-iyer-tiwari-announce-production-venture-bas-karo-aunty-7943968/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and honours==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
! Award
! Category
! Result
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Nil Battey Sannata]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2018
| rowspan="4" | ''[[Bareilly Ki Barfi]]''
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{won}}
|-
|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name}}

{{Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestDirector}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestDirector}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Ashwiny Iyer}}

[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Women writers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil-language film directors]]
[[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]

Minus One (TV series)

2025-12-03T19:55:11Z

Samyakkpravesh: created

{{Short description|Indian streaming television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Romantic comedy]]<ref name=TOI />
| creator = Shubham Yogi Sidhantha Mathur
| showrunner =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| teleplay =
| story =
| director =
| presenter =
| starring = [[Ayush Mehra]] [[Aisha Ahmed]]
| theme_music_composer =
| music =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language =
| num_seasons = 2
| num_series =
| num_episodes = 12<ref name=Forever />
| list_episodes =
| runtime =
| company =
| network =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019}}
| last_aired =
}}
'''''Minus One''''' is an Indian streaming television series created for [[Lionsgate Play]], by Shubham Yogi and Sidhantha Mathur.<ref name=Yogi>{{Cite web |last=Pandya |first=Sonal |date=26 February 2023 |title=Creator Shubham Yogi on ''Minus One New Chapter'': 'I don't think any one of us is in a happy love story' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/creator-shubham-yogi-on-minus-one-new-chapter-don-t-have-a-rosy-view-101677376816998-amp.html |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pandya |first=Sonal |date=13 February 2023 |title=Ayush Mehra: Minus One is an ode to relationships, break up and reality |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/ayush-mehra-minus-one-is-an-ode-to-relationships-break-up-and-reality-101676213517560-amp.html |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> It is produced by Writeous Studios and stars [[Ayush Mehra]] and [[Aisha Ahmed]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=20 January 2023|title=Lionsgate Play announces new show ''Minus One: New Chapter'' |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/lionsgate-play-announces-new-show-minus-one-new-chapter/amp-11674189812495.html |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Live Mint]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayush Mehra found crying difficult in Minus One: New Chapter |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/emotional-angle-478409/amp |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

The first season of ''Minus One'' was released on [[YouTube]] in 2019. The second season, titled ''New Chapter'', premiered on Lionsgate Play on 14 February 2023,<ref name=Yogi /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vashishth |first=Manoj |title=Minus One New Chapter Trailer: वेलेंटाइन डे पर रिलीज होगी प्यार और ब्रेकअप की कहानी, जारी हुआ सीरीज का ट्रेलर |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/web-series-review-lionsgate-play-web-series-minus-one-new-chapter-trailer-out-staring-ayush-mehra-and-aisha-ahmed-when-and-where-to-wach-23310353.html |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=Forever>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2023|title=Minus One: New Chapter: Ayush Mehra & Aisha Ahmed Starrer Gets A New Release With A Theme 'Forever, Isn't Always' |url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/minus-one-new-chapter-ayush-mehra-aisha-ahmed-starrer-gets-a-new-release-with-a-theme-forever-isnt-always/amp/ |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Koimoi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-19 |title=Aisha Ahmed and Ayush Mehra's Minus One commences shoot for Season 2 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/aisha-ahmed-and-ayush-mehras-minus-one-commences-shoot-for-season-2-10930101.html/amp |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> which received positive-to-mixed reviews from the critics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bandhyopadhyay |first=Zinia |date=2023-02-14 |title=Minus One New Chapter Review: Ayush Mehra-Aisha Ahmed's show gets more real about the nuances of love |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/minus-one-new-chapter-review-ayush-mehra-aisha-ahmeds-show-gets-more-real-about-nuances-of-love-2334460-2023-02-14 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Irani |first=Shaheen |title=Minus One: New Chapter review: Ayush Mehra-Aisha Ahmed's show is a page out of the book of love and heartbreaks |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/minus-one-new-chapter-review-ayush-mehra-aisha-ahmeds-show-is-a-page-out-of-the-book-of-love-and-heartbreaks/02fd2f0da8758 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=OTT Play}}</ref> Mehra and Ahmed's on-screen chemistry was praised.<ref name=TOI>{{Cite news |last=Kanabar |first=Ankita |title=Ayush Mehra and Aisha Ahmed speak about 'Minus One: New Chapter', their favourite love stories and the changing idea of romance - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/ayush-mehra-and-aisha-ahmed-speak-about-minus-one-new-chapter-their-favourite-love-stories-and-the-changing-idea-of-romance-exclusive/amp_articleshow/97924573.cms |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bannerjee |first=Arundhuti |title=Exclusive! Ayush Mehra on his chemistry with Aisha Ahmed in Minus One: New Chapter |url=https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/exclusive-ayush-mehra-on-his-chemistry-with-aisha-ahmed-in-minus-one-new-chapter/26d6f41663957 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=OTT Play}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-01-28 |title='Minus One: New Chapter' Is A Completely New Chapter, Reveals Ayush Mehra |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/amp/story/art-entertainment/-minus-one-new-chapter-is-a-completely-new-chapter-reveals-ayush-mehra-news-257474 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=[[Outlook India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Ayush Mehra]] as Varun
*[[Aisha Ahmed]] as Ria
*Kira Narayan
*[[Kusha Kapila]] as Nayantara<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2023 |title=Kusha Kapila Says She Became A Social Media Sensation By Accident |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/kusha-kapila-says-she-became-a-social-media-sensation-by-accident-news-261823 |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=Outlook India}}</ref>

== Production ==
Yogi got the idea of creating this series from his own past relationship where he continued living with his ex-girlfriend as a roommate even after their breakup.<ref name=Yogi />

Mehra and Ahmed attended a 15-day intimacy workshop and a 15-day acting workshop for their respective roles.<ref name=":0" />

== Reception ==
Zinia Bandhyopadhyay of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the second season three out of five, noting Shubham Yogi's evolution as a creator, "deftly mov[ing] from a fun series to something that is more nuanced and delves deeper into human emotions".<ref name=":1" /> Shaheen Irani of ''OTT Play'' also rated the second season three out of five, praising the performances of Mehra and Ahmed, particularly the latter: "She is brilliant in her role this time around. Her graph is the best you can see in the series." Irani, however, found the series to be "a long journey into nothingness".<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt10944902}}

[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows filmed in India]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Christ College, Cuttack

2025-10-28T15:00:28Z

Samyakkpravesh: new

{{short description|College in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Christ College, Cuttack
| image =
| motto =
| established = 1944
| type = Degree College, Autonomous
| affiliation = [[Utkal University]]
| city = [[Cuttack]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| country = India
| campus = Urban
| website = {{URL|christcollege.ac.in}}
| students = ~3500 (Approximate)
| academic_staff = ~80 (Approximate)
| language = English, Odia
}}

'''Christ College, Cuttack''' is a degree college located in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]. Established in 1944, it is affiliated with [[Utkal University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rtiodisha.gov.in/pa/T1RILzM4LzM2MjkvNw== |title=Christ College, Cuttack - RTI Odisha |access-date=2025-03-28}}</ref>
[[File:ChristCollege-Cuttack-OR-1.webp|thumb|Christ College campus]]

== History ==
Christ College was founded in 1944 as Utkal Christian College by the Cuttack Christian Education Board. It initially functioned as an Intermediate College in Arts, affiliated with [[Utkal University]]. In 1946-47, it became a Degree College in Arts, offering honors courses in English and Oriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rtiodisha.gov.in/pa/T1RILzM4LzM2MjkvNw== |title=Christ College, Cuttack |access-date=2025-03-28}}</ref> The college was renamed Christ College in 1949 and moved to its current location in 1951. Science classes were introduced in 1960. +2 and +3 courses in Arts & Science were introduced in 1983-84 and 1985–86, respectively.

== Academics ==
The college offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in various disciplines, including:
* English
* Odia
* History
* Political Science
* Economics
* Physics
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Botany
* Zoology
* Commerce
* Philosophy
* Sanskrit
* Psychology
* Home Science
* Electronics
* Education

Christ College is an autonomous institution, allowing it to design its own syllabus and conduct examinations.

== Campus ==
The campus is located in Cuttack and includes academic buildings, laboratories, a library, hostels, and sports facilities.

== Notable alumni ==
The Department of History at Christ College has produced several notable alumni, including:
* Sri Nirmal Chandra Mishra (IAS, District Collector of Khurda)
* [[Samir Dey|Sri Samir Dey]] (Politician)
* Many others who have achieved success in various fields.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christcollege.ac.in/history_dept.php |title=Dept. Of History - CHRIST COLLEGE |access-date=2025-03-28}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.christcollege.ac.in/ |title=CCC-Christ College Cuttack |access-date=2025-03-28}}
* {{cite web |url=https://click4college.com/colleges/christ-college |title=Christ College, Cuttack |access-date=2025-03-28}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.christcollege.ac.in/ Christ College Official Website]

{{coord|20.4797|85.8617|type:edu_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:1944 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1944]]
[[Category:Education in Cuttack]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Odisha]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Utkal University]]

Kuthukku Pathu

2025-10-23T07:35:03Z

Samyakkpravesh: added new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Short description|Web series directed by Vijay Varadharaj}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kuthukku Pathu.jpg
| caption =
| native_name = {{Infobox name module|குத்துக்கு பத்து}}
| genre = {{ubl|
* [[Comedy film|Comedy]]
* [[Drama]]
}}
| director = Vijay Varadharaj
| writer =
| creator =
| producer = AKV Durai
| starring = {{ubl|
* [[Shah Ra]]
* Vijay Varadharaj
* Abdool Lee
* [[Samyuktha (actress)|Samyuktha]]
* [[Bose Venkat]]
* [[Aadukalam Naren]]
}}
| country = India
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 7
| language = Tamil
| music = [[Balamurali Balu]]
| cinematography = Jagdeesh Ravichandran
| editor = Shanthosh Senthil
| runtime = 22-32 minutes
| company = D Company
| network = [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|13}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Kuthukku Pathu''''' (transl. fight for a fight) is an Indian Tamil-language [[Comedy film|Comedy]] [[Drama]] [[web series]] produced as an original for [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/kuthukku-pathu-teaser-goes-viral|title="நோ பேச்சு ஒன்லி பஞ்ச்" - கவனம் ஈர்க்கும் 'குத்துக்கு பத்து' டீசர்|date=6 May 2022|publisher=www.nakkheeran.in|access-date=|language=ta|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102544/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/kuthukku-pathu-teaser-goes-viral|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kalakkalcinema.com/kuthukku-pathu-official-teaser/185262/|title=இணையத்தில் வைரலாகும் குத்துக்கு பத்து படத்தின் ஃபர்ஸ்ட் லுக் மற்றும் டீஸர்!|publisher=kalakkalcinema.com|access-date=|language=ta|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102545/https://kalakkalcinema.com/kuthukku-pathu-official-teaser/185262/|url-status=live}}</ref> directed by Vijay Varadharaj.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2022/jun/06/vijay-varadharaj-cuss-words-are-problematised-only-in-india-31982.html|title=Vijay Varadharaj: Cuss words are problematised only in India|date=6 June 2022|publisher=www.cinemaexpress.com|access-date=|language=en|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102548/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2022/jun/06/vijay-varadharaj-cuss-words-are-problematised-only-in-india-31982.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/20/director-vijay-varadharajs-next-kuthukku-paththu-25594.html|title=Director Vijay Varadharaj's next, Kuthukku Paththu|date=20 July 2021|publisher=www.cinemaexpress.com|access-date=|language=en|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102545/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/20/director-vijay-varadharajs-next-kuthukku-paththu-25594.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Produced by D Company the series stars [[Shah Ra]], Vijay Varadharaj, Abdool Lee, [[Samyuktha (actress)|Samyuktha]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/biggboss-samyuktha-new-web-series-pathukku-kuthu-r2z11c|title=குத்துக்கு பத்து.... சர்ச்சைக்குரிய இயக்குனருடன் கூட்டணி அமைத்த பிக்பாஸ் சம்யுக்தா|publisher=tamil.asianetnews.com|access-date=|language=ta|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102545/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/biggboss-samyuktha-new-web-series-pathukku-kuthu-r2z11c|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://v4ucinema.com/2022/05/08/biggboss-samyuktha-to-make-her-debut-in-webseries/|title=குத்துக்கு பத்து வெப்சீரிஸ் மூலம் கதாநாயகியாக மாறிய பிக்பாஸ் சம்யுக்தா|date=8 May 2022|publisher=v4ucinema.com|access-date=|language=ta|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102546/https://v4ucinema.com/2022/05/08/biggboss-samyuktha-to-make-her-debut-in-webseries/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bose Venkat]] and [[Aadukalam Naren]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/web-series/aha-tamil-web-series-kuthukku-paththu-team-interview|title="ஷூட்டிங் எடுத்துட்டு இருப்போம், போலீஸ் ஜீப் வந்தா ஓடிருவோம்!"- கலகலக்கும் 'குத்துக்கு பத்து' டீம்|date=12 May 2022 |publisher=cinema.vikatan.com|access-date=|language=ta}}</ref> The series comprised seven episodes and was released on [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chennaivision.com/aha-original-creative-kuthukku-pathu-exclusive-screening-for-moviegoers/|title=ஆஹா ஒரிஜினல் படைப்பு 'குத்துக்கு பத்து' திரையுலகத்தினருக்காக பிரத்யேக திரையிடல்|date=13 May 2022|publisher=chennaivision.com|access-date=|language=ta|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102531/https://chennaivision.com/aha-original-creative-kuthukku-pathu-exclusive-screening-for-moviegoers/|url-status=live}}</ref> on 13 May 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kuthukku-pathu-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-fun-filled-tamil-dark-comedy-online/c9c99fbe92294|title=Kuthukku Pathu release date: When and where to watch this fun-filled Tamil dark comedy online|publisher=www.ottplay.com|access-date=|language=en|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102532/https://www.ottplay.com/news/kuthukku-pathu-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-fun-filled-tamil-dark-comedy-online/c9c99fbe92294|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chennaionline.com/gallery/kuthukku-pathu-movie-celebrity-show-stills/|title=Kuthukku Pathu Movie Celebrity Show Stills|publisher=chennaionline.com|access-date=|language=ta|archive-date=27 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127011309/https://www.chennaionline.com/gallery/kuthukku-pathu-movie-celebrity-show-stills/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Shah Ra]]
* [[Vijay Varadharaj]] as Rangabashyam
* [[Abdool Lee]] as Tarantino
* [[Samyuktha (actress)|Samyuktha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/biggboss-samyuktha-act-in-kuthukku-paththu-web-series/articleshow/87850885.cms|title=குத்துக்கு பத்து... விவகாரமான இயக்குனருடன் கூட்டணி அமைத்த பிக்பாஸ் சம்யுக்தா!|publisher=tamil.samayam.com|access-date=|language=ta|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121102545/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/biggboss-samyuktha-act-in-kuthukku-paththu-web-series/articleshow/87850885.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Bose Venkat]]
* [[Aadukalam Naren]]
* R. Badree as Fakir
* Augustin as Medavakkam Augustin
* Sengi Velu
* Divagar
* Dhileepan

==Episodes==
{{Episode table |background=64544C |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Thulluvatho Ilamai
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Vijay Varadharaj
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|13}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Rangasthalam
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Vijay Varadharaj
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|13}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Onnaaiyum Attukuttiyum
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Vijay Varadharaj
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|13}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Mandri Madiyil Sundari
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Vijay Varadharaj
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|13}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Payum Puli Pathungum Nagam
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Vijay Varadharaj
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|13}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Nadunisi Naaigal
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Vijay Varadharaj
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|13}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Mirattal Adi
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Vijay Varadharaj
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|5|13}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt15561184}}
* ''[https://www.aha.video/webseries/kuthukku-pathu Kuthukku Pathu]'' at [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]]

[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Aha (streaming service) original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]

Bathinda-Rohtak line

2025-06-02T11:24:37Z

Samyakkpravesh: new

{{Short description|Bathinda-Rohtak railway line}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = Bathinda–Rohtak line with links to Delhi
| color =
| logo = 
| logo_width = 100 px
| image =
| image_width =
| caption = Rohtak Junction is an important railway station of Bathinda–Rohtak line
| type =
| system =
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Haryana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Bathinda}}
| end = [[Rohtak Junction railway station|Rohtak]]
| stations =
| routes =
| open =
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength =
| tracklength = Main line: {{convert|228|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676 mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| minradius =
| electrification = Fully Electrified
| racksystem =
| speed =
| elevation = Bathinda {{convert|208|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| website =
| map =
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Bathinda–Rohtak line''' is a railway line connecting {{stnlnk|Bathinda}} in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Rohtak Junction railway station|Rohtak]] in [[Haryana]].The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]].

==Stations Between Bathina to Rohtak==
* [[Samar Gopalpur railway station]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samar Gopalpur Railway Station Map/Atlas NR/Northern Zone – Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/samar-gopalpur-smf/4757 |access-date=2020-07-08 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref>
* [[Karainthi railway station]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karainthi Railway Station Map/Atlas NR/Northern Zone – Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/karainthi-khv/4758 |access-date=2020-07-08 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref>
* [[Lakhan Majra railway station]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakhan Majra Railway Station Map/Atlas NR/Northern Zone – Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/lakhan-majra-lnma/10646 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref>
* [[Kila Zafargarh railway station]]
* [[Julana railway station]]
* [[Jai Jai Wanti railway station]]
* [[Kinana railway station]]
* [[Bishanpura Haryana railway station]]
* [[Jind railway station]]
* [[Barsola railway station]]
* [[Gaon Baroda railway station]]
* [[Uchana railway station]]
* [[Ghaso railway station]]
* [[Narwana Junction railway station]]
* Dharodi railway station
* Dhamtan Sahib railway station
* Kalwan railway station
* Tohana railway station
* Himmatpura railway station
* [[Jakhal railway station]]
* Gurnay railway station
* Lehra Gaga railway station
* Govindgarh Khokhar railway station
* Chhajli railway station
* Sunam Udham Singh Wala railway station
* Bharur railway station
* [[Sangrur railway station]]
* Bahadur Singh Wala railway station
* [[Dhuri Junction railway station]]
* Rajomajra railway station
* Alal railway station
* Sekha railway station
* [[Barnala railway station]]
* Hadiyaya railway station
* Ghunas railway station
* Tapa railway station
* Jethuke railway station
* Rampura Phul railway station
* Lehra Muhabbat railway station
* Laihra Khana railway station
* Bhuchchu railway station
* Bathinda Cantt. Outer Cabin railway station
* Bathinda Cantt. railway station
* Bathinda junction railway station

==Gauge conversion and electrification==
The Bathinda–Rohtak metre-gauge line was converted to {{track gauge|1676 mm|allk=on}}-wide [[broad gauge]] in 1994. {{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

==External links==
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/search/bti-bathinda-junction-to-rok-rohtak-junction/109/0/825]
*https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kisan-express-14732/939/109/825[]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bathinda - Rohtak line}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Bikaner railway division|*]]
[[Category:Ambala railway division|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Bathinda]]
[[Category:Rohtak district]]

Nagri, Chhattisgarh

2025-02-13T11:27:03Z

Samyakkpravesh: refined details for clarity and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nagri
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chhattisgarh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chhattisgarh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.341247|N|81.959553|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 13308
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 493778
| registration_plate = CG 05
| area_code = 07700
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nagri''' is a town and ''[[nagar panchayat]]'' in the [[Dhamtari district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dhamtari District {{!}} Land of Sacred Pond {{!}} India|url=https://dhamtari.gov.in/|access-date=2020-07-10|language=en-US}}</ref> It is located 64 kilometers from the district headquarters, [[Dhamtari]], and 145 kilometres from the state capital of Chhattisgarh, [[Raipur]].

== Geography ==
Mukundpur, Malhari, Sihawa, Bhitarras, and Goregaon villages are nearby. Nagri is surrounded by Narharpur Tehsil to its west, Gariyaband Tehsil to its north, Baderajpur Tehsil to its south and Mainpur Tehsil to its east.

Nearby cities include [[Kanker, Chhattisgarh|Kanker]], [[Dhamtari]], [[Gobranawapara]], [[Gariaband district|Gariyaband]] and [[Umerkote|Umarkote]].

Nagri is covered by jungles and mountains and the Mahnadi river, sometimes called the 'lifeline of Chhattisgarh', originates from Sihawa Hills, 8 kilometres from Nagri.

==Demographics==
As of the 2011 India [[census]], Nagri had a population of 13,308. Males and females each constitute 50%. Nagri had an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; its literacy rate for male is 79% and for female is 56%. As of 2011, 15% of Nagri's population was under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Residents speak [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] and/or Hindi.

== Education ==
Nagri hosts 6 schools and 3 colleges:
*Sringee Rishi Higher Secondary School
* Government Higher Secondary School
*Anand Marg School
*Sarswati Shishu Mandir School
*Genius Public Higher Secondary School
*Mahanadi Academy

*Government Sukhram Nage College Nagri (Chhipli)
*Diet Nagri
*Alshams Infotech Nagri

== Attractions ==
Various temples and natural sites attract visitors, such as:

*River [[Mahanadi]], the 'lifeline of Chhattisgarh', is sourced from Sihawa Hill, 8 kilometres away from Nagri.

*Karneshwar Temple, made by the King Karnraj, is a popular attraction for tourists situated at Deopur, 5 kilometres away from Nagri.

*Sringee Rishi Ashram, at the top of the Sihawa Hill, 8 kilometres away from Nagri.

*Santa Devi Ashram is also situated at the top of Sihawa Hill.

*Maa Sheetla Temple is situated at Bhitarras, 6.5 kilometres away from Nagri.

*Mata Mahamai Temple is situated at Farsiyan, 9 kilometres away from Nagri.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Dhamtari district]]

Government School Teachers Association

2024-12-14T08:23:58Z

Samyakkpravesh: creating - done

{{Short description|AAM Aadmi party delhi Education system}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}

{{Infobox school district
| name = Government School Teachers Association Delhi
| logo =
| motto = Teachers Unity Zindabad
| type = [[Public school (government funded)|Public]]
| established =
| region = [[Delhi]]
| grades =
| superintendent =
| schools = 2400
| students = 1,700,000
| teachers = 40,000
| staff =
| ratio = 1:40 (primary level) 1:42 (middle level) 1:48 (secondary and senior secondary level)
| conference =
| accreditation =
| free_label = General Secretary
| free_text = [[Ajay Veer Yadav]]
| location = Old Secretariat, [[Delhi]]
| country = [[India]]
| website =
}}
'''Government School Teachers Association''' ('''GSTA''') Delhi is a teachers' union recognized by the Delhi Government, India, which represents teachers serving under the Delhi Government.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Teachers-elections-at-govt-schools-today/articleshow/39008313.cms|title=Teachers' elections at govt schools today|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2017-01-20}}</ref> The current elected General Secretary of GSTA is [[Ajay Veer Yadav]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=GSTA elected office bearers list|url=http://www.edudel.nic.in/upload_2015_16/2301_dt_22052015.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> [[Master Azad Singh]], ex-Mayor, North Delhi MCD contested in these elections. Teacher groups actively contributing in the functioning of GSTA include Adhyapak Shakti Manch.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/govt-teachers-slam-move-to-cancel-leave/articleshow/61211381.cms|title=Government teachers slam move to cancel leave|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/hc-seeks-delhi-response-on-teachers-plea-for-salaries-as-per-6th-pay-panel-117101101434_1.html|title=HC seeks Delhi response on teachers' plea for salaries as per 6th pay panel|last=IANS|date=2017-10-11|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2017-10-28}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category: Education in Delhi]]
[[Category:Education trade unions]]
[[Category:Trade unions in India]]

Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki (2018 TV series)

2024-11-28T04:52:37Z

Samyakkpravesh: added new info

{{short description|2018 Hindi comedy television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Comedy]] [[Romance (love)|Romance]]
| image = Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki.jpeg
| creator = [[Blues Productions]]
| based_on = Bhojo Gobindo<ref>{{cite news|title=Deepankar Dey extremely attached' to Bhojo Gobindo role|url=http://zeenews.india.com/television/deepankar-dey-extremely-attached-to-bhojo-gobindo-role-2070452.html|date=28 December 2017|publisher=[[Zee News]]|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref>
| writer = Snehashish Chakraborty & [[Sanjeev Tiwari ]](dialogues)
| starring = [[Vishal Vashishtha]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Vishal goes on foodie trail in hometown|url=http://www.thesouthasiantimes.info/news-Vishal_goes_on_foodie_trail_in_hometown-195474-Entertainment-36.html|access-date=21 July 2018|work=The South Asian Times|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> [[Shweta Bhattacharya]] [[Dipankar De]] [[Rupanjana Mitra]]
| opentheme = ''Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki''
| composer = Snehasish Chakroborty
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| producer = Snehasish Chakroborty
| runtime = 22 minutes
| channel = [[Star Bharat]]
| num_episodes = 127
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2018|01|01}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2018|05|28}}<ref>{{cite news|date=9 May 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/whats-new-on-tv/articleshow/64080634.cms|title=What's new on TV|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref>
| related = ''Bhojo Gobindo''
}}

'''''Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki''''' is a [[Hindi]] television [[comedy]] [[soap opera]] that premiered on [[Star Bharat]] from 1 January 2018. The show is set in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]. This is the remake of popular Bengali serial ''Bhojo Gobindo'' that aired on [[Star Jalsha]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Star Bharat launches new fiction show 'Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki'|url=http://bestmediainfo.com/2017/12/star-bharat-launches-new-fiction-show-jai-kanhaiya-lal-ki/|date=26 December 2017|publisher=Best Media Info|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sweta Bhattacharya taking Hindi lessons for TV show|url=https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-305365.html|date=26 December 2017|publisher=New Karela|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref> The series went off air on 28 May 2018. The whole series is digitally available on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].

==Plot==
The show revolves around three main characters; Janki Nath Chaudhry, Dali, and Kanhaiya. It narrates the story of a rich grandfather Janki Nath Chaudhary and his spoilt granddaughter Dali whereas Vishal Vashittha came on board as Kanhaiya who plays the character of Bawarchi on the show. The story is about a grandfather and his spoilt grand daughter Dali and how a cook changed their lives. In the end, Kanhaiya marries Daali.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Vishal Vashishtha]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Jai Kanhaiya...' will be visually appealing: Vishal|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/jai-kanhaiya-will-be-visually-appealing-vishal-117122500074_1.html|date=25 December 2017|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref> as Shaurya Gupta "Kanhaiya"
*[[Shweta Bhattacharya]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Sweta Bhattacharya couldn't say no to 'Jai Kanhaiya'|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/sweta-bhattacharya-couldnt-say-no-to-jai-kanhaiya/1193934|date=26 December 2017|journal=[[Free Press Journal]]|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref> as Daali Chaudhary
*[[Dipankar De]] as Janki Prasad Chaudhary
*[[Rupanjana Mitra]] as Sandhya Nath Chaudhary
* Harshit Arora as Rocky

===Recurring===
*Tramila Bhattacharjee as Vaijanti Mousi
*Madhurima Basak as Maya
*[[Rajdeep Gupta]] as Ravi
*[[Prakruti Mishra]] as Devyani
*Neha Tiwari as Sheila
*Purnima Kaushik as Munni
*Sonu Dagar as Masterje
*Rahul Ghosh as Rocket

== Adaptations ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background:Lightgreen;"" |Language
! style="background:Lightgreen;"" |Title
! style="background:Lightgreen;"" |Original release
! style="background:Lightgreen;"" |Network(s)
! style="background:Lightgreen;"" |Last aired
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|''[[Bhojo Gobindo]]''
ভজ গোবিন্দ
|29 May 2017
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|8 December 2018
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt7876978}}

{{Star Bharat Programmes}}

[[Category:Star Bharat original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Kolkata]]

Sastar Temple, Kannangarakkudi

2024-07-24T07:36:21Z

Samyakkpravesh: added new location basic info

'''Sastar Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the deity [[Aiyanar]], located at Kannangarakkudi in [[Pudukkottai district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

==Location==
This temple is located at Kannangarakkudi at a distance of 16 km from [[Thirumayam]].<ref name=pdk>புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டத் திருக்கோயில்கள் பயணியர் கையேடு, இந்து சமய அறநிலைய ஆட்சித்துறை, சென்னை, 2003</ref>

==Presiding deity==
The presiding deity is known as Sastar. He is found with his consorts Purna and Pushkala.<ref name=pdk/> This temple has artha [[mandapa]], maha mandapa and [[Garbhagriha|sanctum sanctorum]]. In 1954 and 1996 the [[Kumbhabhishekham]] of this temple took place.<ref name=history>[http://www.sreesastha.com/uploads/1/3/6/3/1363175/sthala_varalaru.pdf Sree Dharma Sastha, Kannankarankudi]</ref>

==Speciality==
This temple is meant for a devotee who was named as Kannan. Those who are affected by black magic and connected diseases would get cured, if they come over to this temple, made a halt for days to 48 days, took a holy bath in the tank and worshipped the deity.<ref name=pdk/>

==Worshipping time==
[[Pujas]] are held four times daily at Kalasanthi (8.00 a.m.), Uttchikkalam (noon 12.00), Sayaratchai (5.30 p.m.) and Arthajamam (8.00 p.m.). The temple is opened for worship from 6.00 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. and from 4.30 p.m. to 8.00 p.m. During the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of Panguni 10 day festival is held.<ref name=pdk/> [[Navaratri]] and Sivaratri are also held in a grand manner.<ref name=history/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district]]

{{TamilNadu-hindu-temple-stub}}

Old Is Gold (2019 film)

2024-04-30T14:28:17Z

Samyakkpravesh: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]]

{{rcat shell|1=
{{R from related word}}
}}

Arima Arima

2024-04-20T09:07:00Z

Samyakkpravesh:

#REDIRECT [[Enthiran (soundtrack)]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
{{R from song}}}}

1978–79 Duleep Trophy

2024-01-28T22:28:04Z

Samyakkpravesh: new...

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1978–79 Duleep Trophy
| image =
| imagesize =
| fromdate = 20 October 1978
| todate = 18 March 1979
| caption =
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| host =
| champions = [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]]
| count = 2
| participants = 5
| matches = 4
| attendance =
| most runs = [[Surinder Khanna]] (NZ) (244)<ref>{{cite web|title=Batting and Fielding in Duleep Trophy 1978/79 (Ordered by Runs) |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Duleep_Trophy_1978-79/Batting_by_Runs.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Dhiraj Parsana]] (WZ) (17)<ref>{{cite web|title=Bowling in Duleep Trophy 1978/79 (Ordered by Wickets) |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Duleep_Trophy_1978-79/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1977–78
| previous_tournament = 1977–78 Duleep Trophy
| next_year = 1979–80
| next_tournament = 1979–80 Duleep Trophy
}}

The '''1978–79 Duleep Trophy''' was the 18th season of the [[Duleep Trophy]], a [[first-class cricket|first-class]] cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: [[Central Zone cricket team|Central Zone]], [[East Zone cricket team|East Zone]], [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]], [[South Zone cricket team|South Zone]] and [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]].

North Zone won the final against West Zone on first innings lead.

==Results==
{{5TeamBracket
| RD1=Quarterfinal
| RD2=Semifinals
| RD3=Final

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''[[Central Zone cricket team|Central Zone]]'''
| RD1-score1=W
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2=[[South Zone cricket team|South Zone]]
| RD1-score2=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1='''[[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]]'''
| RD2-score1=W
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2=[[Central Zone cricket team|Central Zone]]
| RD2-score2=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3=[[East Zone cricket team|East Zone]]
| RD2-score3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''[[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]]'''
| RD2-score4=W

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1=[[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]]
| RD3-score1=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''[[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]]'''
| RD3-score2=FIL
}}

===Final===
{{Test match | date = 15–18 March 1979
| team2 = [[West Zone cricket team|West Zone]] | team1 = [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 417 (157.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]] 89
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Rajendra Jadeja]] 3/72
| score-team2-inns1 = 277 (86.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sunil Gavaskar]] 130*
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Kapil Dev]] 7/65
| score-team1-inns2 = 263/8 dec (123 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Mohinder Amarnath]] 65*
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Dhiraj Parsana]] 5/65
| score-team2-inns2 = 102/2 (36 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] 56*
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]] 1/28
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = West Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/38/38961.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn; North Zone won on first innings lead
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Duleep_Trophy_1978-79.html Series home at CricketArchive]

{{Duleep Trophy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1978-79 Duleep Trophy}}
[[Category:Duleep Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1978–79|Duleep Trophy]]
[[Category:1978 in Indian cricket|Duleep Trophy]]
[[Category:1979 in Indian cricket|Duleep Trophy]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

INS Vinash (K47)

2024-01-25T13:55:48Z

Samyakkpravesh: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Veer-class_corvette]]
{{R from merge}}

Ilaiyaraaja 1997

2024-01-15T09:17:44Z

Samyakkpravesh: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of film scores by Ilaiyaraaja 1990s]]

Channar

2024-01-07T23:40:34Z

Samyakkpravesh: done - done

'''Channar''' may refer to:

*[[Channar (surname)]]
*[[Nadar (caste)|Channar (Nadar Caste)]]
* [[Channar mine]], an iron ore mine in Australia

==See also==
*{{lookfrom}}

{{disambig}}

List of airlines in India

2024-01-03T10:28:39Z

Samyakkpravesh: redirect created

#REDIRECT[[List of airlines of India]]

Angalamman

2023-12-29T12:21:08Z

Samyakkpravesh: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Angala Devi]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}