Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

INS Gaj

2026-05-06T12:47:48Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}{{italic title|string=Gaj}}

{{Short description|Indian Navy Tugboat}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Gaj (2002) aat sea.jpg
| image_caption = INS ''Gaj'' A51 at sea.
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = India
| flag = {{Shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = ''Gaj''
| namesake = [[Elephant]]
| owner =
| operator =
| registry =
| route =
| ordered =
| awarded =
| builder = [[Hindustan Shipyard]]
| original_cost =
| yard_number =
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| sponsor =
| christened =
| completed =
| acquired =
| commissioned = 10 October 2002
| decommissioned =
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| identification = {{IMO Number|9232333}}
| nickname =
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| status = Active
| notes =
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}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class =
| type =
| tonnage =
| displacement = *{{Convert|560|LT|lk=on}} [[Standard displacement|standard]]
| length = {{Convert|34|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
| beam = {{Convert|10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| draught =
| depth = {{Convert|5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| hold_depth =
| decks =
| deck_clearance =
| power =
| propulsion = * 2 × [[Wärtsilä]] diesel engines, {{Convert|1421|hp|0|abbr=on}}
| speed = {{Convert|12|kn|lk=in}}
| range =
| endurance =
| boats =
| troops =
| complement = 22
| time_to_activate =
| sensors =
| EW =
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}}
}}

'''INS ''Gaj''''' is an offshore tugboat built by [[Hindustan Shipyard Limited]], [[Visakhapatnam]] for the [[Indian Navy]]. It operated under the navy's [[Eastern Naval Command]].<ref name=in>{{cite web|title=Ocean Going Tug INS Gaj|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/ins-gaj|work=Surface fleet|publisher=Indian Navy official website|accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=hin11o /><ref name=toi29j>{{cite web|title=INS Gaj commissioned|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/INS-Gaj-commissioned/articleshow/24806943.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216070037/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-10-11/hyderabad/27320890_1_indian-navy-enc-eastern-naval-command|url-status=live|archive-date=16 February 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref>

==Description==
''Gaj'' is powered by twin Wartsila diesel engines having a power of 1421 hp (1,060 kW). The propulsion is provided by two Volth Schneider propellers which allows for a 360 degree turn on the spot. The rated bollard pull is 25 tonnes. The ship can achieve a speed in excess of 12 knots with an endurance of ten days. It is fitted with a six-tonne hydraulic deck crane and fire fighting equipment, and is also fitted with diving and salvage equipment. It has a complement of 22 sailors.<ref name=in /><ref name=hin11o /><ref name=toi29j /><ref name=br29j>{{cite web|title=INS Gaj|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/98-INS-Gaj.html|work=Active fleet - Surface ships|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|accessdate=29 January 2013|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718020928/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/98-INS-Gaj.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Service history ==
It was commissioned on 10 October 2002 in [[Eastern Naval Command]] (ENC) by the [[Eastern Naval Command#List of commanders|Commander-in-Chief]], [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] Raman Puri. The ship has been named after the previous {{Sclass|Gaj|tugboat|1}}, INS ''Gaj'' ([[Pennant number]] A-51) built by [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers]], [[Kolkata]] commissioned in September 1973.<ref name=hin11o>{{cite news|title=INS ''Gaj'' commissioned|url=http://hindu.com/2002/10/11/stories/2002101106920400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223031411/http://hindu.com/2002/10/11/stories/2002101106920400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 February 2014|accessdate=29 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 October 2002}}</ref><ref name=toi29j />She participated at the [[International Fleet Review 2026]] held at [[Visakhapatnam|Visakapatanam]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=IFR & MILAN 2026 |url=https://www.ifrmilan26.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219124733/https://www.ifrmilan26.com/ |archive-date=2026-02-19 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=IFR & MILAN 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=Related Images
|width=200|height=200|File:INS Gaj (A51) spouting water cannon.jpg
|INS Gaj (A51) spouting water cannon.
|File:INS Gaj (A51) tugging INS Krishna (F46).jpg
|INS Gaj (A51) tugging [[HMS Andromeda (F57)|INS Krishna (F46)]].
|File:INS Gaj (A51) at sea.jpg
|INS Gaj (A51) at sea.

}}

==See also==
*[[List of active Indian Navy ships#Tugboats|Tugboats of the Indian Navy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://maritime-connector.com/ship/gaj-9232333/ Maritime Connector] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103842/http://maritime-connector.com/ship/gaj-9232333/ |date=4 March 2016 }}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:INS ''Gaj''}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaj, INS}}
[[Category:Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Tugs of the Indian Navy]]

Hoya alexicaca

2026-05-05T02:58:51Z

Samyakk clothing: Made new info

{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Hoya alexicaca (5658526636).jpg
| genus = Hoya
| species = alexicaca
| authority = (Jacq.) Moon
}}

'''''Hoya alexicaca''''' is a species of ''[[Hoya (plant)|Hoya]]'' native to India and Myanmar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoya alexicaca (Jacq.) Moon {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:98369-1 |access-date=2026-05-03 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Rheede Hortus Malabaricus vol 9 1689 pl 13 Hoya alexicaca.jpg
File:Wight Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis vol4 1848 pl474 Hoya pendula.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of Hoya species|List of ''Hoya'' species]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Hoya alexicaca}}
{{Reflist}}

{{taxonbar|from=Q15357228}}

[[Category:Hoya|alexicaca]]

{{Asclepiadoideae-stub}}

Sadhna Saxena Nair

2026-05-03T16:16:35Z

Samyakk clothing: Started Some Article W/ Refs

{{Short description|Indian Army officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| name = Sadhna Saxena Nair
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|AVSM|VSM}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Lt Gen Sadhna Saxena.jpg
| caption =
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| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{Army| India}}
| service_years = December 1985 - 30 September 2025
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|20px]] [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| service_number = MR-05977W <ref>{{Cite web| title=List of personnel being conferred gallantry and distinguished service awards on the occasion of republic day-2025 | url=https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2025/jan/doc2025127491501.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404170148/https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2025/jan/doc2025127491501.pdf | archive-date=2025-04-04}}</ref>
| unit =
| commands =
| battles =
| battles_label =
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
*[[File:Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
}}
| alma_mater = [[Armed Forces Medical College]]
| spouse = [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] K P Nair <ref>{{Cite web | title=Air Marshal Sadhna Saxena Nair, K P Nair becomes the first and only Marshal couple in Indian Air Force {{!}} India News - The Times of India | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/high-flying-nairs-first-couple-to-both-get-air-marshal-rank-in-indian-air-force/articleshow/104660590.cms | access-date=2025-07-06 | website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Lt Gen Sadhna S Nair Honored with AUSM I #gallantryawards - YouTube | url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/kY3gjQxl9Hs | access-date=2025-07-06 | website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
| relations =
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}}
[[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]''' Sadhna Saxena Nair,''' [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] was a serving [[general officer]] of the [[Indian Army]]. She served as the Director General Medical Services (Army) becoming the first woman officer to be appointed to the position.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-08-01 |title=Lieutenant General Sadhna Saxena Nair assumes charge as Director General Medical Services (Army) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lieutenant-general-sadhna-saxena-nair-assumes-charge-as-director-general-medical-services-army/article68473197.ece |access-date=2024-08-02 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Lt Gen Sadhna Saxena Nair becomes first woman DG Medical Services (Army) |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=2039934}}</ref> She was the seventh woman officer to be promoted to [[three-star rank]] in the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. Prior to that, she was also the first woman to hold the post of Director General Hospital Services (Armed Forces), in the rank of [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-24 |title=High-flying Nairs first couple to both get Air Marshal rank in Indian Air Force |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/high-flying-nairs-first-couple-to-both-get-air-marshal-rank-in-indian-air-force/articleshow/104660590.cms |access-date=2024-07-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-10-23 |title=Sadhna Saxena Nair becomes second woman Air Marshal; takes charge as DG, hospital services |url=https://theprint.in/india/sadhna-saxena-nair-becomes-second-woman-air-marshal-takes-charge-as-dg-hospital-services/1815859/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=The Print |language=en-US}}</ref> She and her husband [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] K P Nair became the first couple of the [[Indian Air Force]]
being promoted to [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Air Marshal Sadhna Saxena Nair, K P Nair becomes the first and only Marshal couple in Indian Air Force {{!}} India News - The Times of India | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/high-flying-nairs-first-couple-to-both-get-air-marshal-rank-in-indian-air-force/articleshow/104660590.cms | access-date=2025-07-06 | website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Lt Gen Sadhna S Nair Honored with AUSM I #gallantryawards - YouTube | url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/kY3gjQxl9Hs | access-date=2025-07-06 | website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Their younger son is a fighter pilot in the [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] (present rank: Squadron Leader) .<ref>{{Cite web | title=Lt Gen Sadhna S Nair Honored with AUSM I #gallantryawards - YouTube | url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/kY3gjQxl9Hs | access-date=2025-07-06 | website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
== Early life and education ==
The ranked officer graduated from the [[Armed Forces Medical College]], [[Pune]] with a distinguished academic record. She holds a Post Graduate degree in Family Medicine, Diploma in Maternal & Child Health and Health Care Management, and has undergone a two-year training programme in Medical Informatics at [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]], [[New Delhi]]. She was trained in Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Warfare with the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli Defence Forces]] and in Military Medical Ethics with the [[Swiss Armed Forces]] in [[Spiez]].<ref name=":0" />

== Military career ==
[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] Sadhna Saxena Nair was commissioned into the [[Army Medical Corps (India)|Army Medical Corps]] in December 1985 from [[Armed Forces Medical College]], Pune. She has served as the first woman Principal Medical Officer of [[Western Air Command (India)|Western Air Command]] and [[Training Command (India)|Training Command]] of the [[Indian Air Force]]. On promotion to the rank of [[Air marshal (India)|Air Marshal]], she took over as the Director General Hospital Services (Armed Forces) on 23 October, 2023 becoming the first woman officer to hold this position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Marshal Sadhna Saxena Nair takes charge as Director General Hospital Services (Armed Forces); becomes the first lady officer to hold the position |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1970212 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025012039/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1970212 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=pib.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 August, 2024 she took over as the Director General Medical Services (Army) making her the first woman officer to hold the appointment of DGMS (Army).<ref name=":0" />

== Awards and decorations ==
The General officer has been awarded with the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=President approves Gallantry awards to 93 Armed Forces personnel, including 11 posthumous & 305 defence decorations on the eve of Republic Day 2025 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096200 |access-date=25 January 2025 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> and the [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]. For her meritorious service, she has been awarded the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Air Command and Chief of the Air Staff Commendations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-02 |title=Lt Gen Sadhna Saxena Nair Appointed First Female DGMS (Army) |url=https://www.ssbcrack.com/2024/08/lt-gen-sadhna-saxena-nair-appointed-first-female-dgms-army.html |access-date=2025-01-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} [[File:Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|105x105px]] {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Samanya Seva medal.svg|width=106}}
|-
|[[File:IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:75yearmedal.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| colspan="2" |[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Samanya Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Operation Vijay Medal]]
|[[Operation Parakram Medal]]
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|[[75th Independence Anniversary Medal|75th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|-
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|50th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Indian female military personnel]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Armed Forces Medical Services officers]]

[[Category:Indian Army personnel]]

[[Category:Female generals of the Indian Army]]
[[Category:Female army generals]]

{{India-mil-bio-stub}}

Airtel Uganda

2026-05-02T21:50:42Z

Samyakk clothing: creating - done

{{Short description|Ugandan telecommunications company}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Airtel Uganda
| logo = Airtel Africa logo.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]: [[Uganda Securities Exchange|USE]]:'''AIRTEL UGANDA'''
| services = {{unbulleted list|[[Telecommunications]]|[[Information technology]]|[[Carrier (bearer)|Carrier]]}}
| industry = [[Telecommunications]]
| area_served = [[Uganda]]
| key_people = Soumendra Sahu ([[managing director]])<ref name="Bio">{{cite web |author=Nile Post |date=8 August 201 |title=Airtel Uganda gets new managing director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/220933/airtel-uganda-gets-new-managing-director |access-date=30 January 2018 |publisher=Techjaja.com}}</ref>
| products = [[Mobile telephony]] [[Broadband]] [[Internet service provider|Internet services]]
| predecessor = [[Zain Group|Zain Uganda]] [[Celtel|Celtel Uganda]]
| foundation = {{start date and years ago|2010|06|08}}
| revenue = {{profit}} US$457 million (2023)<ref name="2020DataR">{{cite web| work=[[The East African]] | url=https://www.use.or.ug/sites/default/files/Airtel%20Uganda%20Financial%20Results%20-%20Advert.pdf |date=8 January 2022 |title=Airtel Uganda Financial Year Result for year ended on 31 Dec 2023 |author=Airtel Uganda | access-date=11 January 2022 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref>
| net_income = {{up}} US$76.08 million (2023)
| assets = {{up}} US$564 million (2023)
| equity = {{up}} US$32.47 million (2023)
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Airtel Africa]]
| location = Airtel Towers, 16A Clement Hill Road, [[Kampala]], Uganda
| website = {{URL|https://www.airtel.co.ug/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Airtel Uganda Limited''' is a mobile communications and information technology services provider in [[Uganda]]. The company also offers mobile funds transfer and banking services known as Airtel Payments Bank. Airtel Uganda Limited is a subsidiary of [[Airtel Africa|Airtel Africa PLC]].<ref name="One">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/airtel-uganda-records-shs-160bn-net-profit/ |title=Airtel Uganda records Shs160 billion net profit |access-date=30 January 2018 |date=12 September 2017 |first=Isaac |last=Khisa |newspaper=[[The Independent (Uganda)]] |location=Kampala}}</ref>

==Location==
[[File:Airtel Clock Tower.jpg|thumb|Airtel clock tower in the center of Kibuye roundabout]]

The headquarters of Airtel Uganda are located in ''Airtel Towers'', along Clement Hill Road, in the [[Kampala Central Division|Central Division]] of [[Kampala]], the county's capital and largest city. The coordinates of the headquarters are 0°19'14.0"N, 32°35'18.0"E (Latitude:0.320556; Longitude:32.588333).<ref name="LocR">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019'14.0%22N+32%C2%B035'18.0%22E/@0.3205299,32.5883558,56m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x7840c3a6dbb49d87!8m2!3d0.3205556!4d32.5883333?hl=en | title=Location of Headquarters of Airtel Uganda Limited |
access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>

==History==
Airtel entered the Uganda market on June 8, 2010 when Bharti Airtel acquired 16 Zain Africa operations. In 2013, Airtel fully acquired Warid Telecom Uganda in the first ever in-country acquisition in the telecommunications sector. With this, Airtel further consolidated its position as the second largest mobile operator in Uganda with a combined customer base of over 7.4 million and market share of over 39 percent cementing its position as the number 2 mobile telephone network, behind market leader [[MTN Uganda]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airtel buys Warid Telecom |date=23 April 2016 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Editorial/Airtel-buys-Warid-Telecom--/-/689360/1756308/-/ygcp58/-/index.html |access-date=11 July 2016 |work=[[Daily Monitor]] |author=Faridah Kulabako | location=Kampala}}</ref>

In 2018, Airtel hit the 10 million customer mark.<ref>{{cite web| last=Reporter|first=C. E. O.|date=2020-06-08|title=10 years and 10 million customers- Airtel Uganda marks a decade of transformation in Uganda|url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/10-years-and-10-million-customers-airtel-uganda-marks-a-decade-of-transformation-in-uganda/|access-date=2020-08-28|website=CEO East Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> This milestone cemented Airtel’s position as the fastest growing telecom in Uganda. In January 2019, Airtel Uganda achieved 100 percent 4G LTE across all its sites in Uganda,<ref>{{Cite web|last=admini|title=Airtel Uganda's Role in the Transformation of the Sector from Telecom to Digital – theinsider.ug|date=13 July 2020 |url=https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2020/07/13/airtel-ugandas-role-in-the-transformation-of-the-sector-from-telecom-to-digital/|access-date=2020-08-28|language=en-US}}</ref> translating the national broadband policy into reality. The telco owns in excess of 2,000 masts in Uganda, as of April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web| last=Uganda Communications Commission |date=15 April 2020 | title=UCC ED applauds Airtel as telecom celebrates 2,000 masts | url=https://uccinfo.blog/2020/04/15/ucc-ed-applauds-airtel-as-telecom-celebrates-2000-masts/ |work=Uganda Communications Commission |access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref>

== Overview ==
Airtel Uganda is one of the leading telecommunication service providers in Uganda, offering communication products and services; 2G, 3G and 4G wireless voice, data services and mobile commerce through Airtel Money. As of March 2021, the [[Uganda Communications Commission]] (UCC), estimated the number of subscribers to Airtel Uganda at 10 million out of the 28.3 million mobile network subscribers in the country. This translated into a 35.3 percent market share.<ref name="ShhR">{{cite web| url=https://www.independent.co.ug/fears-over-mtn-airtel-dominance-in-ugandas-telecom-sector/ |title=Fears over MTN, Airtel dominance in Uganda's telecom sector |work=[[The Independent (Uganda)]] | date=6 October 2021 |author=The Independent Uganda |access-date=7 October 2021 |place=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref>

== Airtel Money ==
The Airtel Money platform is a primary contributor to financial inclusion and a key point for financial inclusion with over 5 million customers as at 31 March 2018. Airtel Uganda launched Mobile Commerce in 2012.<ref>{{cite web| work=Capital FM Kenya |
url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2012/02/airtel-money-launches-in-uganda/ |title=Airtel Money Launches In Uganda |date=2 February 2012 |author=[[98.4 Capital FM]] |access-date=10 November 2023 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref>

== Investment ==
Airtel is a long term investor with a single largest foreign direct investment from India to Uganda. The company is among the leading tax payers in Uganda.<ref name="TaxR"/>

In 2019, Airtel was recognized as Uganda’s biggest taxpayer for compliance in remitting taxes to Uganda Revenue Authority. Airtel Uganda paid taxes worth UGX136 billion (approx. US$38 million), in the financial year 2018/19 winning the Excel Award.<ref name="TaxR">{{cite web| title=URA recognises large tax payers, Airtel tops list |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |date=4 October 2019 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Finance/URA-recognises-large-tax-payers-Airtel-tops-list/688608-5298956-11gead3z/index.html |author=Daily Monitor |access-date=25 June 2021 |location=Kampala}}</ref>

== Infrastructure investment ==
Airtel invests in local ICT and telecom infrastructure; 2,000 sites and over 3,900 kilometers of fiber across Uganda cover 95.9 percent core and transmission networks and mobile financial services platform.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2020-04-15 |title=Airtel Uganda network sites hit 2000 countrywide |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/airtel-uganda-network-sites-hit-2000-countrywide/ |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Governance==
Soumendra Sahu has been managing director of Airtel Uganda since December 2024.<ref>{{cite web | title=Who is Soumendra Sahu, Airtel Uganda's new Managing Director? | date=10 October 2024 | url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/who-is-soumendra-sahu-airtel-ugandas-new-managing-director/ }}</ref>

==Shareholding==
As of 6 November 2023, the shareholding in the [[Share capital|stock]] of the company was as depicted in the table below:<ref name="ShareR"> {{cite web| work=[[Daily Monitor]] |title=Airtel IPO undersubscribed |date=6 November 2023 |author=Deogratius Wamala | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/airtel-ipo-undersubscribed--4425416 |access-date=8 November 2023 | location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
|+ '''Shareholding in Airtel Uganda Limited'''
|-
! style="width:2em;" | Rank
! Name of owner
! % ownership post-IPO
! Ref.
|-
| 1 || [[Bharti Airtel]] ||{{center|88.11}} ||<ref name="ShareR"/>
|-
| 2 || [[National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|NSSF Uganda]]|| {{center|11.55}}||<ref name="ShareR"/>
|-
| 3 || Over 4,000 retail investors || {{center|0.34}}||<ref name="ShareR"/>
|-
| ||'''Total'''||{{center|'''100.00'''}} ||
|-
|}

==License renewal==
In December 2020, print media reported that Airtel Uganda had paid US$74.6 million to the Uganda government in exchange for a 20-year National Telecom Operator's License. The basic license cost US$63.2 million and Value Added Tax (VAT) came to US$11.4 million. As a condition for the license, that is effective on 1 July 2020, the telco has until 1 July 2025 to extend coverage of both voice and data to at least 90 percent of Uganda's geographical territory.<ref name="Lic1R">{{cite web| url=https://www.pmldaily.com/business/2020/12/airtel-uganda-gets-new-20-year-national-telecom-operator-licence.html |title=Airtel Uganda gets new 20-year national telecom operator licence | publisher=PML Daily |date=18 December 2020 |author=Javira Ssebwami |access-date=23 December 2020 |location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="Lic2R">{{cite web| title=Airtel Gets 20-Year New Operator Licence, Uganda Earns Shs272.6bn From Deal | url=https://businessfocus.co.ug/airtel-gets-20-year-new-operator-licence-uganda-earns-shs272-6bn-from-deal/ |date=20 December 2020 |publisher=Uganda Business Focus |access-date=23 December 2020 |author=Taddewo William Senyonyi |location=Kampala}}</ref>

In January 2022, ''[[The EastAfrican]]'' reported that the license payment made in December 2020 was for the ten years from July 2020 to June 2030. Another estimated US$77.78 million was owed to the Uganda Government for the period from July 2030 until June 2040.<ref name="2020DataR"/>

==Listing of shares==
It is expected that Airtel Uganda would list at least 20 percent of its shares of stock on the [[Uganda Securities Exchange]] (USE) in 2022, to comply with Ugandan laws and regulations.<ref name="15R">{{cite web| work=TheAfricaReport.com | url=https://www.theafricareport.com/155862/uganda-frontier-market-category-on-the-horizon-after-mtn-listing/ |date=15 December 2021 |title=With MTN listing in 2021, Airtel in 2022… is Uganda close to 'Frontier Market' category? |author=Musinguzi Blanshe |access-date=5 July 2022 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> In April 2022, the telco requested for a one-year extension to the original listing deadline of December 2022.<ref name="16R">{{cite web| work=[[Business Daily Africa]] |date=20 May 2022 | url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/airtel-seeks-to-delay-listing-of-uganda-unit-3821056 |title=Airtel seeks to delay listing of Uganda unit |author=Constant Munda | access-date=5 July 2022 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref>

In Q3 2023 Airtel Uganda announced its intention to list 8 billion existing shares of the company stock, comprising 20 percent shareholding on the USE, between 29 August and 13 October 2023, to comply with Uganda's licensing laws. Each share is listed at USh:100 (approx. US$0.02717) and the IPO is expected to raise USh:800 billion (approx. US$217.34 million). Airtel selected [[Absa Bank Uganda Limited|Absa Bank Uganda]] as its lead transaction advisor for the process and Crested Stocks and Securities Limited as its lead sponsoring broker.<ref name="20percR">{{cite web| url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/08/29/airtel-uganda-shares-go-for-shs100/ |title=Airtel Uganda shares go for Shs100 |work=Nile Post Uganda |date=29 August 2023 |author=Kenneth Kazibwe |access-date=29 August 2023 | location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> On 7 November 2023, the shares of stock of Airtel Uganda began trading on the USE under the symbol: '''AIRTEL UGANDA'''.<ref>{{cite web| work=[[Daily Monitor]] |date=7 November 2023 | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/technology/airtel-lists-on-uganda-securities-exchange-4426220 |title=Airtel lists on Uganda securities exchange |author=Deogratius Wamala |access-date=8 November 2023 |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of mobile network operators in Uganda]]

==References==
{{reflist}}<ref>{{cite web | title=Who is Soumendra Sahu, Airtel Uganda's new Managing Director? | date=10 October 2024 | url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/who-is-soumendra-sahu-airtel-ugandas-new-managing-director/ }}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://www.africa.airtel.com/wps/wcm/connect/africarevamp/Uganda/ Website of Airtel Uganda]
*[http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Technology/Internet-key-growth-Airtel-boss/688612-4609034-brk8eu/index.html Internet key to growth, Airtel boss] As of 13 June 2018.

{{coord|00|19|14|N|32|35|18|E|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Bharti Enterprises}}
{{Kampala District}}
{{Mobile network operators in Uganda}}

[[Category:Bharti Airtel]]
[[Category:Kampala Central Division]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Mobile phone companies of Uganda]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Uganda]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of Uganda]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kampala]]

Sudhir Chaudhary

2026-04-30T00:45:19Z

Samyakk clothing: Started New Entry Needs Work

{{short description|Indian journalist}}
{{For|the cricket fan with a similar name|Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sudhir Chaudhary
| image = Sudhir Chaudhary.jpg
| caption = Chaudhary in 2025
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|06|18|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web | last=NewsDesk | first=e4m | title=Sudhir Chaudhary turns 53: Lighting up prime-time with 'Decode' | website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media | date=June 18, 2025 | url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/sudhir-chaudhary-turns-53-lighting-up-prime-time-with-decode-144516.html | access-date=June 18, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Sudhir Chaudhary thanks his audience for the Birthday wishes, with a video of caption "Thank you so much for your love and birthday wishes"| website=X (formerly Twitter) | url=https://x.com/sudhirchaudhary/status/1935338669046382942 | access-date=June 18, 2025}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Hodal]], [[Haryana]], India
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|[[News Presenter|News anchor]]}}
| employer = {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Prasar Bharti]]|italic=no}} {{Lang|hi-latn|[[DD News]]|italic=no}}
| years_active = 1993–present
| spouse = Niti Chaudhary
| parents =
| known_for =
Daily News & Analysis (DNA) Black & White (''B & W'') Decode
| awards = [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]], 2013
| website =
}}
'''Sudhir Chaudhary''' is an Indian [[journalist]] working as Editor-in-chief of [[DD News]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudhir Chaudhary Joins Hands With Prasar Bharati For Doordarshan Revival |url=https://www.bwmarketingworld.com/article/sudhir-chaudhary-joins-hands-with-prasar-bharati-for-doordarshan-revival-550212 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=BW Marketing World |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=B4MTeam |date=2025-02-21 |title=क्या सुधीर चौधरी मोटे पैकेज पर डीडी न्यूज़ के एडिटर इन चीफ बनने जा रहे हैं? |url=https://www.bhadas4media.com/sudhir-chaudhri-editor-in-chief-dd-news-gossip/ |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=No. 1 Indian Media News Portal |language=en-US}}</ref> the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Indian state-owned]] [[Hindi]] [[News broadcasting|news channel]] and hosts the show ''Decode'' since May 2025. He was formerly consulting editor at the {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Tak]]|italic=no}} and hosted the show ''Black & White'' (''B & W'') from 2022 until 2025.<ref name="the-natural">{{cite web | url = https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/07/11/the-natural-home-for-a-household-name-sudhir-chaudhary-to-join-aaj-tak-as-consulting-editor | title = 'The natural home for a household name': Sudhir Chaudhary to join Aaj Tak as consulting editor | date = 12 Jul 2022 | website = newslaundry.com | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220712123716/https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/07/11/the-natural-home-for-a-household-name-sudhir-chaudhary-to-join-aaj-tak-as-consulting-editor | archive-date = 12 July 2022 | url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pgurus.com/public-broadcaster-doordarshan-signs-rs-15-crore-annum-deal-with-tainted-journalist-sudhir-chaudhary-who-faced-two-jail-terms/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.pgurus.com |title=Public Broadcaster Doordarshan Signs Rs.15 Crore/Annum Deal with Tainted Journalist Sudhir Chaudhary, Who Faced Two Jail Terms |date=19 March 2025 }}</ref>

He has also worked as editor-in-chief and CEO<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/sudhir-chaudhary-make-new-record-of-popularity-made-maximum-follwers-on-koo-while-taking-entry/912113|title=लोकप्रियता को लेकर Sudhir Chaudhary के नाम एक और उपलब्धि, Koo पर जुड़े लाखों फॉलोअर्स|website=[[Zee News]]|access-date=2021-06-28|language=hi}}</ref><ref name="24 Taas">{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/zee-media-segregates-channels-into-3-clusters-sudhir-chaudhary-named-ceo-of-cluster-1-98761.html|title=ZEE Media segregates channels into 3 clusters, Sudhir Chaudhary named CEO of Cluster 1|website=[[exchange 4 media]]|date=12 August 2019 |access-date=2021-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/videos/world-leaders-watch-wion-for-factual-researched-coverage-wion-global-summit-sudhir-chaudhary-284442|title=World leaders watch WION for factual & researched coverage|website=[[WION (TV channel)|WION]]|date=5 March 2020 |access-date=2021-06-28}}</ref> of [[Zee News]], [[WION]], [[Zee Business]], [[Zee 24 Taas|and Zee 24 Taas]]<ref name="24 Taas" /> and hosted the prime-time show ''Daily News & Analysis'' (''DNA'') on Zee News.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2021|title=COVID-19: Zee News Editor-in-Chief Sudhir Chaudhary gets first dose of vaccine|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-covid-19-zee-news-editor-in-chief-sudhir-chaudhary-gets-first-dose-of-vaccine-2878674|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306030335/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-covid-19-zee-news-editor-in-chief-sudhir-chaudhary-gets-first-dose-of-vaccine-2878674|archive-date=6 March 2021|access-date=3 June 2021|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Saif Ahmad|date=3 April 2021|title=Sudhir Chaudhary now also Editor-in-Chief of Zee Business - Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sudhir-chaudhary-now-also-editor-in-chief-of-zee-business-68276.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 June 2021|website=exchange4media|language=en|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603091923/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sudhir-chaudhary-now-also-editor-in-chief-of-zee-business-68276.html}}</ref> Chaudhary left Aaj Tak on 4 April 2025 and joined [[DD News]] in the same month where he host a prime-time show named ''Decode'' which started on 15 May 2025.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Chaudhary has been working in the television news industry since the 1990s. He started his career at Zee News, then worked with Live India and Mi Marathi before joining Zee News again.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sudhir-chaudhary-joins-zee-news-as-business-head-editor-47251.html | title = Sudhir Chaudhary joins Zee News as Business Head & Editor | date = 17 Jul 2012 | website = exchange4media.com | archive-url = https://archive.today/20190508192817/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sudhir-chaudhary-joins-zee-news-as-business-head-editor-47251.html | archive-date = 8 May 2019 | url-status = live}}</ref> He was in [[live television]] reporting and then 24-hour news television.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/archive/jlfspeakers/sudhir-chaudhary-2/ | title = Sudhir Chaudhary | website = [[Jaipur Literature Festival]] | date = 26 Nov 2016 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20190508192129/https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/archive/jlfspeakers/sudhir-chaudhary-2/ | archive-date = 8 May 2019 | url-status = live}}</ref> Chaudhary was told to have been in the squad which covered the [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Vajpayee]]–[[Pervez Musharraf|Musharraf]] Indo-Pak meeting at [[Islamabad]]<ref name="exchange4media.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.exchange4media.com/47228_Sudhir-Chaudhary-bids-adieu-to-live-india.html|title=Sudhir Chaudhary bids adieu to Live India|access-date=10 October 2016|archive-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527221050/http://www.exchange4media.com/47228_sudhir-chaudhary-bids-adieu-to-live-india.html|url-status=live}}</ref> after the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]].

In 2003, he left [[Zee News]]. He was instrumental in the launch of [[Sahara Samay]], the [[Sahara India Pariwar|Sahara group]]'s [[Hindi]]-language news channel. He also joined [[India TV]] for a brief time. In 2012, he rejoined Zee News, hosting a ''Daily News & Analysis'' (''DNA'') news show.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jantakareporter.com/media-virus/supreme-court-warns-zee-news-editors-sudhir-chaudhary-and-samir-ahluwalia-directs-them-to-follow-procedure-or-they-will-be-sent-back-to-jail/49623/|title=Supreme Court warns Zee News editors, Sudhir Chaudhary and Samir Ahluwalia, directs them to follow procedure or they will be sent back to jail - Janta Ka Reporter 2.0|author=JKR Staff|date=2016-07-01|work=Janta Ka Reporter 2.0|access-date=2018-06-26|language=en-US|archive-date=26 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135827/http://www.jantakareporter.com/media-virus/supreme-court-warns-zee-news-editors-sudhir-chaudhary-and-samir-ahluwalia-directs-them-to-follow-procedure-or-they-will-be-sent-back-to-jail/49623/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jindal-plays-cd-claims-zee-editors-demanded-rs-100-crore/article4031340.ece|title=Jindal plays CD, claims Zee editors demanded Rs. 100 crore|last=Jebaraj|first=Priscilla|date=2012-10-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-06-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=8 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108195151/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jindal-plays-cd-claims-zee-editors-demanded-rs-100-crore/article4031340.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/zee-editors-get-bail-in-rs-100-cr-extortion-case-560570.html|title=Zee editors get bail in Rs 100 cr extortion bid case - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|date=17 December 2012|access-date=2018-06-26|archive-date=26 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135910/https://www.firstpost.com/business/zee-editors-get-bail-in-rs-100-cr-extortion-case-560570.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="exch1">{{cite web|url=http://www.exchange4media.mobi/tv/sudhir-chaudhary-now-also-editor-in-chief-of-zee-business_68276.html|title=Sudhir Chaudhary now also editor in Chief of zee business|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170715163422/http://www.exchange4media.mobi/tv/sudhir-chaudhary-now-also-editor-in-chief-of-zee-business_68276.html|archive-date=15 July 2017|access-date=15 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Chaudhary resigned again from Zee News in July 2022 and joined {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Tak]]|italic=no}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/zee-news-ceo-sudhir-chaudhary-quits/480060|title=Zee News' CEO Sudhir Chaudhary quits | Media|website=Campaign India}}</ref><ref name="the-natural"/> He is hosting Aaj Tak's prime-time show ''Black & White'' (''B & W'').{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

In August 2023, reports emerged claiming that Sudhir Chaudhary was leaving Aaj Tak and his show ''Black & White'', but these were nothing more than rumors.<ref>{{cite web | last=Kumar | first=Runjay | title=Viral posts are claiming that Sudhir Chaudhary, editor of Aaj Tak has resigned from the news channel | website=Boom Live | date=2023-08-22 | url=https://hindi.boomlive.in/fact-check/aaj-tak-editor-sudhir-chaudhary-resignation-claim-viral-fact-check-22824 | language=hi | access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref>

However, by February 2025 news surfaced that Chaudhary would be joining [[Prasar Bharati]]'s [[DD News]] after leaving [[Aaj Tak]].<ref>{{cite web | title=News, Bureaucracy, Civil Service, PSU, Governance, IAS, IPS, IRS, IFS | website=IndianMandarins | date=2025-02-22 | url=https://www.indianmandarins.com/news/sudhir-chaudhary-to-join-prasar-bharati-soon-/30385 | access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Cost over Rs 15 cr, legal objections: Inside Sudhir Chaudhary firm's DD News show negotiations | website=Newslaundry | date=2025-03-19 | url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2025/03/19/cost-over-rs-15-cr-legal-objections-inside-sudhir-chaudhary-firms-dd-news-show-negotiations | access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref> It was reported that [[Prasar Bharati]] had finalized a deal worth ₹15 crore with Chaudhary—a fact confirmed by several major news platforms.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | last=A | first=Divya | title=Prasar Bharati set to finalise Rs 15-crore deal with anchor Sudhir Chaudhary for DD show | website=The Indian Express | date=2025-03-21 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/prasar-bharati-set-to-finalise-rs-15-crore-deal-with-anchor-sudhir-chaudhary-for-dd-show-9897464/ | access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref> The issue was also raised in the [[Rajya Sabha]] by [[Sagarika Ghose]] of the [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]], who questioned and opposed the deal due to his former lawsuits allegations & biased reporting.<ref>{{cite web | last=Desk | first=Our Web | title=Sagarika Ghose calls out Doordarshan 'contract' with 'tainted' Sudhir Chaudhary | website=Telegraph India | date=2025-03-25 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sagarika-ghose-calls-out-doordarshan-contract-with-tainted-sudhir-chaudhary/cid/2090722 | access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref> According to [[Prasar Bharati]] sources, the deal with Chaudhary is intended to improve the credibility and TRP ratings of [[DD News]].

In March 2025, the ₹15 crore deal of [[Prasar Bharati]] has been finalised<ref>{{cite web | last=Amin | first=Ruhail | title=Prasar Bharati signs mega deal with Sudhir Chaudhary to revive Doordarshan | website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media | date=2025-03-09 | url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/prasar-bharati-signs-mega-deal-with-sudhir-chaudhary-to-revive-doordarshan-141472.html | access-date=2025-03-26}}</ref> with Chaudhary. He left [[Aaj Tak]] and hosted the last episode of his prime-time show ''Black & White'' on 4 April 2025. He joined [[DD News]] in the same month and started hosting his new prime-time show named ''Decode'' on 15 May 2025.<ref name=":0" />

==Lawsuits==

=== Jindal extortion case ===
In November 2012, Chaudhary and his colleague Sameer Ahluwalia were arrested on charges of extortion<ref>{{Cite news|title=Two Zee editors arrested for 'Rs 100-crore extortion bid' - Times of India ►|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Two-Zee-editors-arrested-for-Rs-100-crore-extortion-bid/articleshow/17391903.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2018-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801062512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Two-Zee-editors-arrested-for-Rs-100-crore-extortion-bid/articleshow/17391903.cms|archive-date=1 August 2018}}</ref> after businessman [[Naveen Jindal]] alleged that the two journalists had tried to extort {{currency|100|INR}} Crore worth of advertisements from his company in exchange for dropping stories that linked the Jindal Group with the [[Indian coal allocation scam|Coalgate]] scam. The two were sent to 14-day judicial custody in [[Tihar Jail]] but were released on bail.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-11-30|title=Zee editors in two-week custody|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20555718|url-status=live|access-date=2018-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011193239/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20555718|archive-date=11 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-01|title=Zee News editors sent to Tihar jail|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/zee-news-editors-sent-to-tihar-jail/story-YhQqQk8V9HgADnCLtt5K0H.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816113504/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/zee-news-editors-sent-to-tihar-jail/story-YhQqQk8V9HgADnCLtt5K0H.html|archive-date=16 August 2019|access-date=2019-09-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The Broadcast Editors' Association suspended Chaudhary as its treasurer in the wake of these charges, saying that Chaudhary had acted in a manner prejudicial to the interests and objectives of the Association.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Broadcasters' body suspends Zee editor over Naveen Jindal charge - Times of India|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Broadcasters-body-suspends-Zee-editor-over-Naveen-Jindal-charge/articleshow/16871062.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2018-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819071243/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Broadcasters-body-suspends-Zee-editor-over-Naveen-Jindal-charge/articleshow/16871062.cms|archive-date=19 August 2018}}</ref> In July 2018, the Jindal Group wrote to the investigating agencies saying that a settlement had been reached and requesting them to withdraw the allegations against the journalists and close the case; on the same day, charges of bribery were filed against Jindal and others related to the case.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-07-14|title=ED charges against Naveen Jindal, others as his firm settles case of extortion with Zee|language=en-US|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ed-charges-against-jindal-others-as-his-firm-settles-case-of-extortion-with-zee/|url-status=live|access-date=2018-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807185924/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ed-charges-against-jindal-others-as-his-firm-settles-case-of-extortion-with-zee/|archive-date=7 August 2018}}</ref>

===Allegations against Mahua Moitra===
Chaudhary accused [[Trinamool Congress|Trinamool]] [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] [[Mahua Moitra]] of plagiarizing [[Americans|American]] [[journalist]] Martin Longman, who pointed out the early signs of [[fascism]] in India; however, both Longman and Moitra later denied such accusations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trinamool MP Mahua Moitra didn't plagiarize: US writer of fascism article shuts trolls |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/martin-longman-fascism-article-mahua-moitra-1561305-2019-07-03 |work=India Today |language=en |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013093633/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/martin-longman-fascism-article-mahua-moitra-1561305-2019-07-03 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=American Analyst Dismisses Plagiarism Charges Against TMC MP Mahua Moitra |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/american-analyst-dismisses-plagiarism-charges-against-tmc-mp-mahua-moitra-2217561.html |work=News18 |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013093633/https://www.news18.com/news/india/american-analyst-dismisses-plagiarism-charges-against-tmc-mp-mahua-moitra-2217561.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mahua Moitra filed a [[Defamation|criminal defamation case]] against Sudhir Chaudhary, after which Chaudhary, on his daily prime time show, accepted that only a part of Mahua Moitra's speech was broadcast and showed his regrets.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahua Moitra v. Sudhir Chaudhary defamation: Court stays proceedings |url=https://barandbench.com/mahua-moitra-defamation-case-against-sudhir-chaudhary-additional-sessions-judge-stays-proceedings/ |work=Bar & Bench |date=25 September 2019 |access-date=15 October 2019 }}</ref> Zee Media also filed a defamation case against her for calling it 'chor' and 'paid' news.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/zee-media-files-criminal-defamation-case-against-tmc-mp-mahua-moitra-for-calling-it-chor-and-paid-news-2220488.html|title=Zee Media files criminal defamation case against TMC MP Mahua Moitra for calling it 'chor' and 'paid' news|date=2019-07-19|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-10-14|archive-date=15 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015011431/https://zeenews.india.com/india/zee-media-files-criminal-defamation-case-against-tmc-mp-mahua-moitra-for-calling-it-chor-and-paid-news-2220488.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Accusations of Islamophobia ===
On 10 April 2020, on Zee News, Chaudhary (according to [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]) openly accused Muslims of impeding India's coronavirus war.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vetticad|first=Anna MM|title=Indian media accused of Islamophobia for its coronavirus coverage|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/15/indian-media-accused-of-islamophobia-for-its-coronavirus-coverage|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018163649/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/15/indian-media-accused-of-islamophobia-for-its-coronavirus-coverage|url-status=live}}</ref> Chaudhary said on his show ''DNA'' that the "[[Tablighi Jamaat]] betrayed the nation."<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title=Tablighi Jamaat coverage: Supreme Court says complaints against media should be sent to NBA first|url=https://scroll.in/latest/971540/tablighi-jamaat-coverage-supreme-court-says-complaints-against-media-should-be-sent-to-nba-first|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Scroll.in|date=27 August 2020 |language=en-US|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024100109/https://scroll.in/latest/971540/tablighi-jamaat-coverage-supreme-court-says-complaints-against-media-should-be-sent-to-nba-first|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2020, [[Kerala Police]] filed a [[first information report]] against Chaudhary for his 11 March broadcast of ''DNA'', in which Chaudhary discussed the "types of [[jihad]]s," which were criticized as Islamophobic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala Police books Zee News editor Sudhir Chaudhary under non-bailable sections |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala-police-books-zee-news-editor-sudhir-chaudhary-6401670/ |access-date=15 October 2020 |agency=[[The Indian Express]] |date=10 May 2020 |archive-date=16 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016213432/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala-police-books-zee-news-editor-sudhir-chaudhary-6401670/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 2 June 2023, he subtly blamed Muslims for destroying a temple in Uttar Pradesh's [[Bulandshahr]]. This later turned out to be false when the UP police arrested the four Hindu men in the case. After this, he said "Progressive Hindus" have "defamed their religion," and these are the "same progressive Hindus who like to be identified as secular."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Nikita |title=When Muslim dogwhistle fails, Sudhir Chaudhary blames Hindus for being a 'danger to Hindus' |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/06/09/when-muslim-dogwhistle-fails-sudhir-chaudhary-blames-hindus-for-being-a-danger-to-hindus |access-date=2023-06-10 |work=[[Newslaundry]] |date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609185914/https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/06/09/when-muslim-dogwhistle-fails-sudhir-chaudhary-blames-hindus-for-being-a-danger-to-hindus |archive-date=2023-06-09 |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2023, the [[News Broadcasters & Digital Association|News Broadcasting & Digital Standards Authority (NBDSA)]] recently took action against two shows hosted by Sudhir Chaudhary, citing concerns about Islamophobia. The complaint emphasized the communal discourse in both shows, hosted by Chaudhary. One episode, aired in October 2022 as part of his 'Black and White' series, addressed the topic of "Muslim participation in Garba festivals." However, the content was criticized for its biased portrayal, manipulation of facts, and the use of a distinctly communal slur, reflecting an anti-Muslim bias. In another instance, Sudhir Chaudhary made unfounded claims about illegal mausoleums on government land in Uttarakhand during his role as anchor, thus stigmatizing the entire Muslim community. In response to these complaints, the NBDSA reprimanded the channel for the unnecessary and loose use of the term 'Mazhaar Jihaad' and ordered the removal of the video of one of the shows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=maniyar |first=zahid |date=2023-11-07 |title=CJP Impact! Two favourable orders on complaints against Sudhir Chaudhary's 'Black and White' shows |url=https://cjp.org.in/cjp-impact-two-favourable-orders-on-complaints-against-sudhir-chaudharys-black-and-white-shows/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=CJP |language=en-US}}</ref>

While targeting minorities again, he stirred debate on his show "Black and White" by declaring India the best cricket team globally, attributing success to no reservations in player selection. He advocated for a merit-based approach and questioned whether removing reservations across sectors would lead to greater national achievements. Social media backlash accused him of promoting divisive narratives against minorities and backward classes, urging a deeper understanding of the historical context of reservations for marginalized upliftment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharathi |first=Vartha |title=Sudhir Chaudhary's remarks on reservations in Indian Cricket Team triggers controversy |url=https://english.varthabharati.in/india/sudhir-chaudharys-remarks-on-reservations-in-indian-cricket-team-triggers-controversy |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=english.varthabharati.in |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2024, Aaj Tak, who broadcast his show, was again fined by NBDSA for misrepresenting Barack Obama's statement about protecting Muslim minorities in India by attributing it to the '''tukde tukde'' gang' and separatist and terrorist movements such as Khalistan, thus distorting viewers' perception of the matter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=N. H. |date=2024-03-01 |title=Aaj Tak fined another Rs 75,000 for 'misleading' broadcast on Obama |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/aaj-tak-fined-another-rs-75000-for-misleading-broadcast-on-obama |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref>

===Threats===
In 2015, Sudhir Chaudhary got [[Security categories in India|X-category security]] after allegations that someone had threatened to murder Chaudhary.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tripathi|first=Rahul|title=Zee News senior editor Sudhir Chaudhary gets X-category security|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/zee-news-senior-editor-sudhir-chaudhary-gets-x-category-security/articleshow/48949886.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-03-05|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112041242/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/zee-news-senior-editor-sudhir-chaudhary-gets-x-category-security/articleshow/48949886.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, Zee News claimed that [[China]] had been monitoring Sudhir Chaudhary.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-14|title=Rattled China spying on Zee News editor-in-chief Sudhir Chaudhary: Report|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/rattled-china-spying-on-zee-news-editor-in-chief-sudhir-chaudhary-report-2309530.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110210031/https://zeenews.india.com/india/rattled-china-spying-on-zee-news-editor-in-chief-sudhir-chaudhary-report-2309530.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
Chaudhary won a [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|Ramnath Goenka Award for Excellence in Journalism]] in the "Hindi broadcast" category for 2013. He won the award for his interview with the friend of the [[Delhi]] [[2012 Delhi gang rape and murder|December 16 gang-rape]] victim.<ref name="http://indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/picture-gallery-others/ramnath-goenka-excellence-in-journalism-awards-list-of-winners/9/ |title=Sudhir Chaudhary gets Ramnath Goenka Excellence |publisher=The Indian Express |access-date=2015-11-23 |archive-date=5 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105131442/http://indianexpress.com/photos/picture-gallery-others/ramnath-goenka-excellence-in-journalism-awards-list-of-winners/9/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Sudhir Chaudhary}}
* [http://www.dnaindia.com/authors/sudhir-chaudhary Profile in] [[Daily News and Analysis]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Sudhir}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian television executives]]
[[Category:Indian television news anchors]]
[[Category:Indian television talk show hosts]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian political journalists]]
[[Category:India Today people]]
[[Category:Indian extortionists]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]
[[Category:People from Palwal district]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Godi media]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]

Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation

2026-04-29T03:50:26Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation
| native_name = हजारीबाग नगर निगम
| native_name_lang = hi
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa_alt =
| coa_caption =
| house_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1886}}
| disbanded =
| preceded_by =
| succeeded_by =
| leader1_type = [[Mayor (India) | Mayor]]
| leader1 = Arvind Kumar Rana
| party1 = Independent
| election1 = 2026
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 = ''Vacant''
| party2 =
| election2 = 2023
| leader3_type = [[Municipal commissioner (India) | Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = Shri Om Prakash Gupta
| party3 =
| election3 =
| seats = 36
| structure1 =
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 =
| session_room =
| session_res = 300px
| meeting_place =
| last_election1 = 2026
| next_election1 = 2031
| motto =
| website = [https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/ULB/Hazaribag/Hazaribag.aspx/ Official website]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation (HMC)''' is the urban local body that governs the city of [[Hazaribagh]] in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hazaribag Municipal Corporation |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/ULB/Hazaribag/Hazaribag.aspx |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230606185944/https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/ULB/Hazaribag/Hazaribag.aspx |archive-date=2023-06-06 |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=udhd.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref> It was originally constituted as a municipality in 1886 and was later elevated to the status of a municipal corporation.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.brickworkratings.com/Admin/PressRelease/Hazaribag-Municipal-Corporation-IssuerRating-5May2017.pdf
|title=Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation – Issuer Rating
|date=5 May 2017
|publisher=Brickwork Ratings
|access-date=21 February 2026
|format=PDF
}}</ref> The corporation comprises 36 wards, each represented by an elected councillor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Hazaribag Municipal Corporation {{!}} Hazaribag District, Government of Jharkhand {{!}} India |url=https://hazaribag.nic.in/service/hazaribag-municipality/ |access-date=2026-02-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Municipal Corporation {{!}} Hazaribag District, Government of Jharkhand {{!}} India |url=https://hazaribag.nic.in/municipal-corporation/ |access-date=2026-02-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=नगर निगम का नया भवन बनकर तैयार, जल्द होगा उदघाटन |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/hazaribagh/hazaribagh-nagar-nigam |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

==History==
Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation traces its origins to 1886, when Hazaribagh was first constituted as a municipality during British rule. The municipality was responsible for basic civic administration, including sanitation, water supply, and local infrastructure.<ref name=":0" />

With the growth of the city and increasing urban population, the municipality was later upgraded to a municipal corporation to provide a more comprehensive framework for governance and urban development. Since its elevation, the corporation has expanded its functions to include planning and maintenance of roads, street lighting, solid waste management, water distribution, and other civic amenities.

==Administrative setup==
The provision of Jharkhand Municipal Act 2011 defines the power of Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=9 Feb 2012 |title=Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011 |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/5332/1/jharkhand_municipal_act_2011_%28english%29.pdf |access-date=21 Feb 2026 |website=India Code |publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref> The corporation consists of 36 municipal wards, each represented by an elected councillor. The elected body is headed by a Mayor and a Deputy Mayor. In addition, the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government, oversees the administrative functions of the corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-02 |title=महापौर के लिए एक और वार्ड पार्षद के लिए 52 लोगों ने किया नामांकन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/hazaribagh/story-hazaribagh-municipal-corporation-elections-sudesh-kumar-chandravanshi-files-nomination-for-mayor-201770053198657.html |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2026-01-27 |title=Jharkhand Announces Municipal Elections: Voting On February 23, Counting On February 27 |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/state/jharkhand-announces-municipal-elections-voting-on-february-23-counting-on-february-27-enn26012704767 |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>

Since September 2024, Yogendra Prasad is the current Municipal Commissioner of Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-02 |title=योगेंद्र प्रसाद ने संभाला नगर आयुक्त का पदभार |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/hazaribagh/yogendra-prasad-contributed-to-the-post-of-municipal |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

The administrative role of the Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation includes:

*Implementation of decisions taken by the elected council.

*Management of urban services and infrastructure within city limits.

*Supervising day to day municipal governance through officials and staff.

== Functions ==
Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Urban Development & Housing Department |title=Functions |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Functions.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701110435/https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Functions.aspx |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=udhd.jharkhand.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-02-24 |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=2025-10-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://forestsclearance.nic.in/DownloadPdfFile.aspx?FileName=0_0_81111124512181AugmentationletterforHazaribag.pdf&FilePath=../writereaddata/Addinfo/ |title=Drinking Water Supply Scheme Augmentation – Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, India |access-date=21 February 2026 |format=PDF}}</ref>

* Solid waste management.
* Street light management.
* Approval of construction of new building and regulation of land use.
* Issuance of birth and death certificate.
* Construction and maintenance of municipal roads, drains and public infrastructure.
* Slum Management & encroachment removal.
* Development & maintenance of burial grounds and crematoriums.
* Regulation of slaughter houses.
* Prevention of food adulteration.
* Preventive health care.
* Management of storm water and waste water drainage.

== Revenue ==
The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="me11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="me12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="me13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Vehicles entering Hazaribagh to pay entry fee
|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/hazaribagh/news/recovery-up-to-rs-140-from-empty-vehicles-coming-to-the-city-130942836.html
|publisher=Dainik Bhaskar
|access-date=21 February 2026
|language=hi
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Holding tax defaulters in Hazaribagh to pay fine
|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/holding-tax-defaulters-in-hazaribagh-to-pay-fine/cid/1779707
|publisher=The Telegraph (Kolkata)
|date=9 June 2020
|access-date=21 February 2026
|language=en
}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation:
* Property tax
* Profession tax
* Entertainment tax
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax
* Advertisement tax

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===
Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation:
* Water usage charges
* Fees from Documentation services
* Rent received from municipal property
* Funds from municipal bonds

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Jharkhand]]
[[Category: Hazaribagh district]]
[[Category:Urban local bodies in Jharkhand]]

Byrnihat

2026-04-24T20:00:03Z

Samyakk clothing: created page

{{Short description|Industrial town in Meghalaya, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Byrnihat
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Industrial town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Meghalaya#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Meghalaya, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26|3|9|N|91|52|12|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Meghalaya]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ri-Bhoi district|Ri-Bhoi]]
| subdivision_type3 = Block
| subdivision_name3 = Umling
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
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| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name="languages">{{cite web |author= |date= |title=Ri Bhoi District |url=https://ribhoi.gov.in |website=Ri Bhoi District |location=Nongpoh |publisher=[[Government of Meghalaya]] |access-date=30 April 2025 }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Khasi language|Khasi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = Bhoi dialect
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<ref name="PostalCode">{{cite web |date=22 April 2025 |title=Locate Post Office |url=https://www.indiapost.gov.in/VAS/Pages/LocatePostOffices.aspx?Pin=6DhhP7U0kuk= |website=[[India Post]] |publisher=Department of Posts, Ministry of Communications, Government of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423003239/https://www.indiapost.gov.in/VAS/Pages/LocatePostOffices.aspx?Pin=6DhhP7U0kuk= |archive-date=23 April 2025 |access-date=23 April 2025 }}</ref>
| postal_code = 793101
| area_code_type = Village Code<ref name="AreaCode">{{cite web |author= |date= |title=Villages |url=https://ribhoi.gov.in/villages/ |website=[[Ri-Bhoi district|Ri Bhoi District]] |publisher=[[Government of Meghalaya]] |access-date=29 April 2025 }}</ref>
| area_code = 277492
| registration_plate =
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
| website =
}}

'''Byrnihat''' is a town in the [[Ri-Bhoi district]] of [[Meghalaya]], India,<ref name="MEGSPCB">{{Cite report |author= |year= |title=Action Plan For Control of Air Pollution in Non-Attainment Towns |publisher=Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board |page=1 |url=https://megspcb.gov.in/documents/Approved%20Action%20Plan%20for%20Non%20Attainment%20Cities.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703084833/https://megspcb.gov.in/documents/Approved%20Action%20Plan%20for%20Non%20Attainment%20Cities.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2025 }}</ref> located on the Meghalaya–Assam border.<ref name="NNe23"/> It is an [[industrial town]]—its economy is based on the many industries located in the area. It was ranked as the most [[polluted]] city in India in 2023 by the [[Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air]], and as the most polluted city in the world in 2024 by [[IQAir]]. Its groundwater has also been found to be contaminated. This pollution has been blamed on several factors, including industrial pollution.

A national highway passes through Byrnihat; emissions from vehicles traveling on this highway have also been blamed for the pollution. The site has served as a border checkpoint multiple times in its history. Railway lines connecting the town with Assam have been planned or proposed multiple times, but have received firm opposition.

==History==
Byrnihat was a border [[Border checkpoint|checkpoint]] between Meghalaya and [[Assam]] as of 1986.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Banerjie |first=Indranil |date=30 June 1986 |title=Subhash Ghising: Key Figure |magazine=[[India Today]] |location=[[Shillong]]/[[Darjeeling]] |publisher=[[Living Media India]] }}</ref> Alternative agricultural practices were researched here from 1975 to 1983 to find a viable alternative to [[shifting cultivation]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Prasad |editor-first1=Ram |editor-last2=Shah |editor-first2=Shachi |editor-last3=Venkatramanan |editor-first3=V. |date=16 November 2020 |title=Exploring Synergies and Trade-offs Between Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IxwJEAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |page=130 |isbn=9789811573019 |doi=10.1007/978-981-15-7301-9 |access-date=14 June 2025 }}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reported in 1992 that according to a case study, 21 plant species had become endangered in the town due to the practice.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kashyap |first=Samudra Gupta |date=26 August 1992 |title=Tribals refuse to give up jhum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYBlAAAAIBAJ&dq=Byrnihat&pg=PA9&article_id=227,1800384 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |page=9 |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=11 July 2025 }}</ref>

During the beginning of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Byrnihat was designated as one of the entry points for transportation of goods from Assam into Meghalaya, to prevent the spread of COVID from Assam to Meghalaya.<ref name="TelegraphApril">{{cite news |author= |date=3 April 2020 |title=Meghalaya on border alert |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/meghalaya-on-border-alert-during-coronavirus-outbreak/cid/1761758 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=25 April 2025 }}</ref><ref name="TelegraphMarch">{{cite news |last=Lyngdoh |first=Andrew W. |date=19 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus screening of visitors at Byrnihat |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-screening-of-visitors-at-byrnihat/cid/1755872 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=25 April 2025 }}</ref> In July 2020, the [[government of Meghalaya]] moved the entry point at the town to another location, after facing pressure from the [[government of Assam]].<ref name="moved">{{cite news |author= |date=15 July 2020 |title=Meghalaya succumbs to Assam's pressure: Entry point at Byrnihat will be shifted to another location |url=https://www.nenow.in/north-east-news/meghalaya/meghalaya-succumbs-to-assams-pressure-entry-point-at-byrnihat-will-be-shifted-to-another-location.html |work=Northeast Now |access-date=25 April 2025 }}</ref> Industries based in the Byrnihat industrial area were discovered in April 2021 to have engaged in [[Electricity theft|power theft]].<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=9 April 2025 |title=Probe unearths massive power theft at Byrnihat Industrial Area |url=https://assamtribune.com/probe-unearths-massive-power-theft-at-byrnihat-industrial-area |work=[[The Assam Tribune]] |location=[[Shillong]] |publisher= |access-date=18 July 2025 }}</ref> A health centre was set up in the town in June of the year to serve Ri-Bhoi district residents with mild COVID cases.<ref name="CCC">{{cite news |author= |date=3 June 2021 |title=Jirang MLA sets up Corona Care Centre at Byrnihat |url=https://highlandpost.com/jirang-mla-sets-up-corona-care-centre-at-byrnihat/ |work=Highland Post |access-date=25 April 2025 }}</ref> Byrnihat experienced heavy rains in May 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last=Laitphlang |first=David |date=13 May 2022 |title=2 killed in Meghalaya as torrential rain lashes parts of Northeast |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2-killed-in-meghalaya-as-torrential-rain-lashes-parts-of-northeast-101652463907646.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=19 July 2025 }}</ref>

It was proposed in 2024 that over {{cvt|134|acres|order=flip}} of forest land at Byrnihat be converted to a new industrial estate,<ref name="HPproposal">{{cite news |author= |date=12 June 2024 |title=Govt to set up new industrial estate in Byrnihat |url=https://highlandpost.com/govt-to-set-up-new-industrial-estate-in-byrnihat/ |work=Highland Post |location= |access-date=30 April 2025 }}</ref><ref name="TOIproposal">{{cite news |last=Das |first=Manosh |date=6 March 2025 |title=No conversion of 'forest land' for industry at Byrnihat: CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/no-conversion-of-forest-land-for-industry-at-byrnihat-cm/articleshow/118767784.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=Shillong |access-date=26 April 2025 }}</ref> which has raised concerns about the project's environmental impact.<ref name="STproposal">{{cite news |author= |date=6 March 2025 |title=Conrad reassures Meghalaya Investment Promotion Agency won't bypass Land Transfer Act |url=https://shillongtoday.com/conrad-reassures-meghalaya-investment-promotion-agency-wont-bypass-land-transfer-act/ |work=Shillong Today |location=Shillong |access-date=26 April 2025 }}</ref> The Chief Minister of Meghalaya, [[Conrad Sangma]], stated that the land is not a recorded forest land and that the proposal will only move forward if the locals are comfortable with it.<ref name="TOIproposal" /><ref name="STproposal" /> The Assam-based [[Hindu]] organization Kutumba Surakshya Parishad scheduled protests against the banning of Hindu rituals in the Mawjymbuin Cave on 24 December of the year, one of them allegedly including [[Traffic obstruction|blocking]] the Meghalaya-Assam Highway in the Byrnihat area.<ref name="HighwayBlock">{{cite news |author= |date=24 December 2024 |title=Mawjymbuin Cave row: East Khasi Hills DC invites Hindu group for discussions on Jan 5 |url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/mawjymbuin-cave-row-east-khasi-hills-dc-invites-hindu-group-for-discussions-on-jan-5-1562168 |work=[[The Assam Tribune]] |location=Shillong |access-date=25 April 2025 }}</ref> These were banned by the administration of the Ri-Bhoi district to maintain tranquility before Christmas celebrations.<ref name="banned">{{cite news |author= |date=24 December 2024 |title=Meghalaya's Ri Bhoi Administration Bans Assam Hindu Body From Protesting In Byrnihat And Khanapara |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/meghalaya-news/meghalayas-ri-bhoi-administration-bans-assam-hindu-body-from-protesting-in-byrnihat-and-khanapara |work=The Sentinel |location=Shillong |access-date=25 April 2025 }}</ref>

==Geography==
Byrnihat is located at a low altitude,<ref name="Springer10">{{cite journal |last1=Ranhotra |first1=Harmit S. |last2=Sharma |first2=R. |date=10 February 2010 |title=Moderately high altitude habitation modulates lipid profile and alkaline phosphatase activity in aged Khasis of Meghalaya |journal=Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry |volume=25 |issue=1 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |page=52 |doi=10.1007/s12291-010-0011-4 |pmid=23105884 |pmc=3453023 }}</ref> between 66<ref name="MEGSPCB"/> and 100<ref name="PCBA"/> metres above sea level. It has a [[tropical climate]], with an average minimum and maximum temperature of 17.5 °C and 28 °C, respectively.<ref name="Elsevier92">{{cite journal |last1=Kshattriya |first1=S. |last2=Sharma |first2=G. D. |last3=Mishra |first3=R. R. |date=March 1992 |title=Enzyme activities related to litter decomposition in forests of different age and altitude in North East India |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/003807179290228P |journal=[[Soil Biology and Biochemistry]] |volume=24 |issue=3 |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]] |pages=265 |doi=10.1016/0038-0717(92)90228-P |bibcode=1992SBiBi..24..265K |access-date=5 June 2025 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> It has a high annual temperature compared to [[Shillong]].<ref name="Springer10"/> The average rainfall in Byrnihat was 212 mm, as of 1992.<ref name="Elsevier92"/> The Byrnihat area has hilly terrain.<ref name="PCBA">{{Cite report |author= |date=14 January 2020 |title=Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Abatement Action Plan Byrnihat Industrial Cluster – Assam |publisher=Pollution Control Board, Assam |publication-place=[[Guwahati]] |url=https://cpcb.nic.in/industrial_pollution/New_Action_Plans/CEPI_Action%20Plan_Byrnihat.pdf |access-date=5 June 2025 }}</ref> The town's geography affects the kinds of products sold in its weekly market.<ref name="market"/>

The town is in the Umling block of the Ri-Bhoi district, in Meghalaya. It is located on the Guwuhati-Shillong roadways (GS road).<ref name="MEGSPCB" /> It is 90 km away from Shillong and 14 km away from [[Guwahati]].<ref name="Springer24" />

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
| title= Population over time, according to census
| state= collapsed
| 2001 |538<ref name=Census2001>{{cite web |author= |date=13 August 2016 |title=Primary Census Abstract for Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya, 2001 |url=https://www.data.gov.in/resource/primary-census-abstract-ri-bhoi-district-meghalaya-2001 |website=[[data.gov.in]] |access-date=4 July 2025 }}</ref>
|2011 |298<ref name="Census">{{cite web |author= |year=2011 |title=Census of India 2011 – Meghalaya – Series 18 – Part XII B – District Census Handbook – Ri Bhoi – Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA) |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1705_PART_B_DCHB_RIBHOI.pdf |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations Meghalaya |page=60 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308151220/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1705_PART_B_DCHB_RIBHOI.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2022 |access-date=23 April 2025 }}</ref>
}}
According to the Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board (MSPCB), the population of Byrnihat and its adjacent villages was 5444 in 2011.<ref name="MEGSPCB"/> The Pollution Control Board of Assam stated in 2020 that the town has a population of 10,000.<ref name="PCBA"/> ''[[Deutsche Welle]]'' stated in 2025 that it has a population of 50,000.<ref name="DW"/> The Byrnihat region is populated by [[Khasi people]] who speak the Bhoi dialect of the [[Khasi language]].<ref name="Dkhar18">{{cite journal |ref=none |no-tracking=yes |last=Dkhar |first=Gordon D. |date=January 2018 |title=Socio-Psychological Aspects of Language Contact: A Case Study of the Khasis in Byrnihat |journal=International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics |publisher=University of Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |pages=157–186 |url=https://www.ijdl.org/html/IJDL.htm |volume=47 |issue=1 |access-date=20 July 2025 |issn=0378-2484 }}</ref> Residents of Byrnihat are familiar with the [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Nepali language|Nepalese]] and [[Mikir language|Mikir]] languages.<ref name="Dkhar24">{{cite journal |last=Dkhar |first=Gordon D. |date=9 May 2024 |title=Navigating Identity: A Study of the Khasis in Meghalaya's Multilingual Borderlands |url=https://journals.asianresassoc.org/index.php/ijll/article/view/2178/871 |journal=Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics |publisher=Asian Research Association |volume=5 |issue=2 |page=6 |doi=10.54392/ijll2421 |doi-access=free |access-date=20 July 2025 }}</ref>

==Economy==
Byrnihat is an industrial town.<ref name="reuters" /> It developed into an industrial hub during the late 1990s.<ref name="DW" /> It hosts an [[industrial estate]]<ref name="Karlsson" />{{rp|p=163}} called the Export Promotion Industrial Park,{{efn|name=fn1|Although the cited BBC article calls it an "Export Promotion Industrial Project", all other sources call it an "Export Promotion Industrial Park".{{superscript|Examples include:}}<ref name="T&F1" /><ref name="Wire25" /><ref name="MEGSPCB" />}} which was built at Byrnihat by the government.<ref name="BBCepip" /> The estate is located adjacent to the [[Umtrew river]], and spans 256 acres, as of 2024.<ref name="T&F1" /> It provides firms that settle there with infrastructure and financial incentives such as subsidies and [[tax holiday]]s, to attract investors into the region.<ref name="BBCepip">{{cite news |last=Irani |first=Delnaaz |date=7 February 2010 |title=Poverty and power in one of India's poorest areas |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8501122.stm |work=[[BBC]] |access-date=29 April 2025 }}</ref> It is partially in Meghalaya and partially in Assam.<ref name="Wire25">{{cite news |author= |date=23 April 2025 |title=Byrnihat Residents Grapple With Health Issues Caused by Air Pollution: Report |url=https://thewire.in/environment/byrnihat-residents-grapple-with-health-issues-caused-by-air-pollution-report |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |access-date=3 May 2025 }}</ref> The town has about 80 industries as of 2025.<ref name="reuters" /><ref name="DW" /> The closure of coke plants by pollution control boards after Byrnihat was ranked atop pollution charts has left some residents unemployed.<ref name="Herald"/>

A Bamboo Technology Park has been built in the town by the North East Cane and Bamboo Development Council.<ref>{{cite book |author= |date= |title=The NEC Yearbook 2025 |url=https://necouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/NEC%2520Yearbook%25202025.pdf |location= |publisher=[[North East Council]] |page=299 |isbn= |access-date=23 July 2025 }}</ref> [[Betel nut]]s and [[betel leaves]] are major crops in Byrnihat.<ref name="Herald">{{cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Sumir |date=7 February 2026 |title=‘We can’t breathe here’: Lives and livelihoods in Byrnihat, India’s most polluted town |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/assam/we-cant-breathe-here-lives-and-livelihoods-in-byrnihat-indias-most-polluted-town-3889539 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |location= |publisher= |access-date=12 April 2026}}</ref>

Byrnihat has a weekly market which operates every Friday.<ref name="market">{{cite web |last=Purkayastha |first=Nabarun |date= |title=Weekly market: A study on Byrnihat market in Ri-Bhoi District of Meghalaya |url=https://ustm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Author-64-72.pdf |website=[[University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya]] |access-date=1 June 2025 }}</ref> Consumers in the markets of Byrnihat and the nearby Guwahati avoid agricultural produce from the Meghalayan town.<ref name="Frontline">{{cite magazine |last=Dhar |first=Anurab |date=23 January 2026 |title=Poisoned by growth |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/photo-essay/byrnihat-industrial-pollution-public-health-crisis/article70493712.ece |magazine=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |location= |publisher= |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>

==Pollution==
[[Pollution]] is a major problem in Byrnihat. In 2024, the [[Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air]] (CREA), a non-profit think tank, reported that Byrnihat was India's most polluted city in 2023, having an annual average [[Particulate matter#Coarse particles|PM10]] concentration of 301 micrograms per cubic metre.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kalita |first1=Kangkan |last2=Pati |first2=Ipsita |date=30 September 2024 |title=India's choking beyond Delhi: Byrnihat shows we have a big unnoticed pollution problem |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-choking-beyond-delhi-byrnihat-shows-we-have-a-big-unnoticed-pollution-problem/articleshow/113692960.cms |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 April 2025 }}</ref><ref name="PTI24"/> In 2025, [[IQAir]], a Swiss air technology company,<ref name="TOIiq" /> ranked the town as the [[List of most-polluted cities by particulate matter concentration|most polluted city in the world]] in 2024, with a [[Particulate matter#Fine particles|PM2.5]] concentration of 128.2 μg/m³ that year.<ref name="AP">{{cite news |last=Arasu |first=Sibi |date=11 March 2025 |title=Majority of the world's population breathes dirty air, report says |url=https://apnews.com/article/air-pollution-climate-change-asia-diseases-cancer-lungs-dc623f24dfab652ef06eca51cd4211e8 |work=[[Associated Press]] |location=[[Bengaluru]] |access-date=17 July 2025 }}</ref><ref name="DW">{{cite news |last=Sobhan |first=Shakeel |date=8 July 2025 |title=India: How a small town topped global pollution charts |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-how-a-small-town-topped-global-pollution-charts/a-73198598 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |location=Byrnihat |access-date=17 July 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Cherry |date=13 March 2025 |title=Top 10 most polluted Indian cities (2024-25): Delhi tops the list, Byrnihat ranked worst globally |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/top-10-listing/top-10-most-polluted-indian-cities-2024-25-9882179/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=3 May 2025 }}</ref> Its particulate matter concentration surpassed places more well known for pollution problems, such as Delhi, in both years.<ref name="PTI24">{{cite news |author= |date=10 January 2024 |title=Meghalaya's Byrnihat India's Most Polluted City In 2023: Report |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/meghalayas-byrnihat-indias-most-polluted-city-in-2023-report-4836793 |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |access-date=3 May 2025 }}</ref><ref name="TOIiq">{{cite news |author= |date=12 March 2025 |title=Where in India is Byrnihat, the world's most polluted city |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/where-in-india-is-byrnihat-the-worlds-most-polluted-city/articleshow/118919009.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 May 2025 }}</ref> The National Clean Air Programme includes Byrnihat in its list of non-attainment cities, a list of the most polluted cities of India.<ref name="PRANA">{{cite web |author= |date= |title=City Dashboard |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/#/clean-air-city/list |website=Portal for Regulation of Air Pollution in Non-Attainment Cities ([[Central Pollution Control Board]]) |publisher=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] |access-date=28 April 2025 }}</ref> Its air pollution has reportedly caused health problems such as [[Respiratory disease|respiratory issues]], eye irritation, skin rashes, [[tuberculosis]], and cancer. The pollution has also been reported to damage crops and water sources.<ref name="IThealth">{{cite news |last=Kashyap |first=Saraswat |date=14 March 2025 |title=This Meghalaya city topped list of world's most polluted cities in 2024 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/meghalayas-byrnihat-tops-global-pollution-list-resident-says-unable-to-breathe-2693396-2025-03-14 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=1 May 2025 }}</ref><ref name="reuters">{{cite news |last=Agarwala |first=Tora |date=21 April 2025 |title=Indians battle respiratory issues, skin rashes in world's most polluted town |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indians-battle-respiratory-issues-skin-rashes-worlds-most-polluted-town-2025-04-21/ |work=[[Reuters]] |location=Byrnihat |access-date=1 May 2025 }}</ref> The number of respiratory infection cases in the region rose by 76.8% from 2022 to 2024, from 2,082 to 3,681.<ref name="reuters"/> The town's [[groundwater]] is [[Groundwater pollution|contaminated]] with [[heavy metals]], such as [[cadmium]], [[chromium]], and lead, at levels which exceed limits set by the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] and the [[World Health Organization]], according to two 2024 studies.<ref name="Springer24">{{cite journal |last1=Borgohain |first1=Devashree |last2=Lanong |first2=Shaneem |last3=Jaishi |first3=Hari Prasad |date=28 March 2024 |title=Heavy metal contamination and health risks in ground water at Byrnihat industrial area: urgent need for remediation and public health safeguards |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43538-024-00273-2 |journal=[[Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy]] |volume=90 |issue=4 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |pages=931–942 |doi=10.1007/s43538-024-00273-2 |bibcode=2024INSAP..90..931B |access-date=21 May 2025 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="T&F1">{{cite journal |last1=Jaishi |first1=Hari Prasad |last2=Mahanta |first2=Bishal |last3=Ali |first3=Innos |last4=Baishya |first4=Kongkon |last5=Roy |first5=Dhruba Kumar |last6=Sarma |first6=Manjit |date=30 July 2024 |title=Evaluation of ground water quality using heavy metal pollution indices and estimation of health risk |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03067319.2024.2382365 |journal=International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1080/03067319.2024.2382365 |access-date=21 May 2025 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The Umtrew river, Byrnihat's main water source, is polluted by [[effluent]].<ref name="Frontline"/>

Byrnihat's pollution has been attributed to the [[Industrial waste|industrial activities]] in the area,<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=8 June 2025 |title=Hyd air quality down marginally over 5 yrs |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20250608/281973203602557 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |via=[[PressReader]] |access-date=11 July 2025 }}</ref> [[Exhaust gas|emissions of vehicles]] moving through the Meghalaya-Assam border, construction,<ref name="Wire25"/><ref name="ITwhy">{{cite news |author= |date=12 March 2025 |title=Why Meghalaya's Byrnihat has the most polluted air in the world |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/environment/story/why-meghalayas-byrnihat-has-the-most-polluted-air-in-the-world-2692205-2025-03-12 |work=India Today |access-date=3 May 2025 }}</ref><ref name="NNe23"/> mining,<ref name="Springer24"/> the use of wood as a fuel, burning of solid waste, and resuspension of road dust.<ref>{{cite report |author= |date=December 2024 |title=Meghalaya State Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution |url=https://megspcb.gov.in/documents/Revised%20_Meghalaya_SAP_Dec_24.pdf |work=Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board |pages=13–14 |location=[[Shillong]] |publisher=Forests & Environment Department, [[Government of Meghalaya]] |access-date=21 June 2025 }}</ref> The town has been said to have a bowl-shaped topography which prevents pollutants from leaving the area.<ref name="reuters"/><ref name="DW"/> The Byrnihat Industries Association has contested the culpability of Byrnihat's industries in pollution of the town.<ref name="BIA">{{cite news |author= |date=19 March 2025 |title=Byrnihat: Call for study on 'actual' sources of pollution |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/03/19/byrnihat-call-for-study-on-actual-sources-of-pollution/ |work=[[The Shillong Times]] |location=Shillong |access-date=12 May 2025 }}</ref>

After the [[Central Pollution Control Board]] recorded Byrnihat as the most polluted settlement in India on 25 October 2023, with an [[Air Quality Index]] of 302,<ref name="Hub2023">{{cite news |author= |date=26 October 2023 |title=Byrnihat tagged as most polluted area in India; Dy CM blames factories on Assam side |url=https://hubnetwork.in/byrnihat-tagged-as-most-polluted-area-in-india-dy-cm-blames-factories-on-assam-side/ |work=Hub News |location=Shillong |access-date=27 April 2025 }}</ref> the Deputy Chief Minister of Meghalaya, [[Prestone Tynsong]], stated that Byrnihat's factories are "well monitored by the MSPCB" and are fewer in number compared to the part of Assam bordering Byrnihat.<ref name="NNe23">{{cite news |author= |date=27 October 2023 |title=Meghalaya's Byrnihat overtakes Delhi as most polluted urban centre in India |url=https://nenews.in/meghalaya/meghalayas-byrnihat-overtakes-delhi-as-most-polluted-urban-centre-in-india/3896/ |work=Northeast News |location=Shillong |access-date=8 May 2025 }}</ref> After IQAir's report was released in 2025, the Chief Minister of Meghalaya, [[Conrad Sangma]], challenged IQAir's report by saying that the MSPCB found Byrnihat's PM2.5 concentration in 2024 to be 50.1 μg/m³. He also stated that Assam's part of the Byrnihat area may be a major contributor to the pollution, as it has 20 industries with a high pollution potential, while Byrnihat has only 5. He called for a join effort between Assam and Meghalaya on the issue.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=13 March 2025 |title=Assam major source of pollution in Byrnihat: Meghalaya CM |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam-major-source-of-pollution-in-byrnihat-meghalaya-cm/article69326246.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Guwahati |access-date=9 May 2025 }}</ref><ref name="DHcm">{{cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Sumir |date= |title=Meghalaya govt contradicts Swiss report, says Byrnihat's air quality index is satisfactory |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/meghalaya/meghalaya-govt-contradicts-swiss-report-says-byrnihats-air-quality-index-is-satisfactory-3450194 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |location=Guwahati |access-date=10 May 2025 }}</ref> The chairman of the MSPCB, R. Nainamalai, stated in January 2026 that pollution levels in the Meghalayan part of Byrnihat have dropped to moderate after the shuttering of several red category units.<ref name="Herald"/>

In February 2022, factories at the Export Promotion Industrial Park were inspected by local authorities following pollution complaints by locals.<ref name="ShillongTimes">{{cite news |author= |date=16 February 2022 |title=Local legislator, others inspect factories in Byrnihat area |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2022/02/16/local-legislator-others-inspect-factories-in-byrnihat-area/ |work=[[The Shillong Times]] |location=[[Nongpoh]] |access-date=23 April 2025 }}</ref> The MSPCB inspected ten industrial units in the town on 3 September 2024, six of which were found to not comply with [[pollution regulations]] and were issued closure notices.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=4 September 2024 |title=Meghalaya shuts down 6 Byrnihat industrial units for flouting environmental norms |url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/meghalaya-shuts-down-6-byrnihat-industrial-units-for-flouting-environmental-norms-1550244 |work=[[The Assam Tribune]] |location=Guwahati |access-date=28 April 2025 }}</ref> Six other units were shut down for failure to comply with environmental norms after inspections in January 2025,<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=6 February 2025 |title=Air pollution: Six Byrnihat industrial units shut down |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/02/06/air-pollution-six-byrnihat-industrial-units-shut-down/ |work=[[The Shillong Times]] |location=[[Shillong]]/[[Nongpoh]] |access-date=19 July 2025 }}</ref> but this did not result in a significant change in air quality.<ref name="DW"/> As of February 2026, fifteen industrial units have been closed on the Assam side of the Byrnihat area since the town was placed atop pollution rankings.<ref name="Herald"/>

==Transportation==
===Rail===
Planned railway projects that go to Byrnihat include the [[Tetelia–Byrnihat line]] and the [[Byrnihat–Shillong line]]. These lines have faced much opposition in Meghalaya from various groups,<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=11 October 2023 |title=Meghalaya explores railway projects despite resistance |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/meghalaya-explores-railway-projects-despite-resistance-1503230424.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |access-date=11 June 2025 }}</ref> especially the [[Khasi Students Union]] (KSU),{{efn|name=|Karlsson (2011): "...the project has not been able to take off because of opposition, mainly from the KSU ..."<ref name="Karlsson" />{{rp|p=66}}}}{{efn|name=fn2|Other groups that oppose the railway projects include the Jaintia Students Union and the Hynñiewtrep Integrated Territorial Organisation.<ref name="TOIrail">{{cite news |author= |date=27 February 2025 |title=Return 270cr allotted for rail project: Centre to Meghalaya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/return-270cr-allotted-for-rail-project-centre-to-meghalaya/articleshow/118610544.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=Shillong |access-date=21 June 2025 }}</ref>}} due to the fear that it would bring "outsiders"{{efn|name=fn3|or "illegal immigrants"<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=18 August 2023 |title=Railway project in Meghalaya's East Jantia hills still on cards: Dy CM |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/around-ne/meghalaya/railway-project-in-meghalayas-east-jaintia-hills-still-on-cards-dy-cm/ |work=Northeast Live |access-date=11 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= |date=22 August 2022 |title=Byrnihat railway project faces another hurdle |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2022/08/22/byrnihat-railway-project-faces-another-hurdle/ |work=[[The Shillong Times]] |access-date=15 July 2025 }}</ref>}} into Meghalaya<ref name="TOIrail"/><ref name="TIE25"/><ref name="Karlsson">{{cite book |last=Karlsson |first=Bengt G. |year=2011 |title=Unruly Hills: A Political Ecology of India's Northeast |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-MRFbForK4C |publisher=[[Berghahn Books]] |isbn=9780857451057 |access-date=14 June 2025 }}</ref>{{rp|p=65–66}} and turn the indigenous communities into minorities.<ref name="TIE25">{{cite news |last=Baruah |first=Sukrita |date=24 March 2025 |title=Why the Indian Railways is likely to shelve projects in Meghalaya |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/indian-railways-shelve-projects-meghalaya-9896452/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=[[Guwahati]] |access-date=14 June 2025 }}</ref> A line that goes from Azara in Assam to Byrnihat had also been proposed,<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=25 January 2008 |title=Protest cloud on rail project - Residents oppose Azara-Byrnihat link |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/protest-cloud-on-rail-project-residents-oppose-azara-byrnihat-link/cid/631327 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=21 June 2025 }}</ref> but was replaced by the Tetelia–Byrnihat line.<ref>{{cite book |last=Das |first=Pushpita |date=26 August 2024 |title=India's Approach to Border Management: From Barriers to Bridges |url=https://www.routledge.com/Indias-Approach-to-Border-Management-From-Barriers-to-Bridges/Das/p/book/9781032430126 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=213 |isbn=9781032430126 |access-date=21 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="SSRN22">{{cite SSRN |last1=Singh |first1=Suresh |last2=Roy |first2=Shashi Bhushan |date=8 July 2021 |title=Strengthening Railway Networks in Northeast India: A Key Driver to Deepen Sub-regional Connectivity and Trade |page=10 |ssrn=3875295 }}</ref> In the 1980s, proposals to establish a [[wikt:railhead|railhead]] at Byrnihat were shelved due to protests by the KSU<ref name="EPW89">{{cite journal |author= |date=10 June 1989 |title=Khasi Frustrations |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1989/23/roots-specials/meghalaya-khasi-frustrations.html |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=24 |issue=23 |page=1271 |publisher=Sameeksha Trust |jstor=4394923 |access-date=28 June 2025 }}</ref> and arguments by the opposition in the Meghalayan parliament.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dev |first=S. Guru |date=9 September 1983 |title=Interview with Chairman of North East Council |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |location=[[Kolkata]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author= |last=Gupta |first=Shekhar |date=30 September 1983 |title=Meghalaya: Tracking Trouble |magazine=[[India Today]] |publisher=[[Living Media India]] |location=[[Shillong]] }}</ref>

===Road===
National Highway 6 passes through the town.<ref name="Herald"/>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ri-Bhoi district]]

Half Mentlu

2026-04-23T23:22:00Z

Samyakk clothing: Made new stub

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Half Mentlu
| image = Half Mentlu.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| director = Lakshmi Dinesh
| writer =
| producer = Shashi Kumar
| starring = {{Ubl|Sandeepa|[[Sonu Gowda]]}}
| cinematography = Ravi
| editing =
| music = [[Bharath B. J.]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|4|1}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Half Mentlu'''''{{efn|''Mentlu'' is how Indians colloquially refer to a mental person.}} is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama directed by Lakshmi Dinesh, starring newcomer Sandeepa and [[Sonu Gowda]]. The plot is based on a real incident that took place in Ramanagara in 2010, with characters inspired by real people.<ref name=songs>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-class-film-inspired-by-a-real-incident/articleshow/51642481.cms|title=A class film inspired by a real incident - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040409/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-class-film-inspired-by-a-real-incident/articleshow/51642481.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was delayed and released in 2016 after being shelved since 2013.

==Cast==
*Sandeepa as Shiva a.k.a. Shivu
*[[Sonu Gowda]] as Madhu
*[[Achyuth Kumar]]
*[[Tabla Nani]]
* Mico Nagaraj
* Lakshmi Devamma
* Srinivas Gowda
* Mohan Juneja

==Production==
Assistant director Sandeepa, who played a small role in ''[[Googly (2013 film)|Googly]]'' (2013), gave up his government job to play the lead role in this film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-gave-up-a-government-job-for-films/articleshow/51579047.cms|title=I gave up a government job for films - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-gave-up-a-government-job-for-films/articleshow/51579047.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Sandeepa was not to play the lead role but the director liked his mannerisms and chose him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-story-is-packed-with-emotions/articleshow/51600208.cms|title=This story is packed with emotions - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-story-is-packed-with-emotions/articleshow/51600208.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot near [[Nandini Layout]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/half-mentlu-shoot-progresses-in-bangalore/articleshow/20503829.cms|title=Half Mentlu shoot progresses in Bangalore - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/half-mentlu-shoot-progresses-in-bangalore/articleshow/20503829.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/its-action-time-for-half-mentalu/articleshow/20859050.cms|title=Its action time for Half Mentalu - Times of India|website=The Times of India|author=Maitreyee Boruah|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040634/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/its-action-time-for-half-mentalu/articleshow/20859050.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Shooting was completed in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/half-mentlu-shoot-complete/articleshow/21184517.cms|title=Half Mentlu shoot complete - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/half-mentlu-shoot-complete/articleshow/21184517.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Music by [[Bharath B. J.]]<ref name=songs/> The song "Jeeva Haani Aagomunna" is not a part of the soundtrack album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/half-mentlu-shoots-a-song/articleshow/19512168.cms|title=Half Mentlu shoots a song - Times of India|website=The Times of India|author=Taniya Talukdar|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040447/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/half-mentlu-shoots-a-song/articleshow/19512168.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = Lakshmi Dinesh<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQh-xG8OOws 1/2 Mentlu (Half Mentlu) Jukebox]</ref>
|title1 = Haadi Beedili Ninthu
|length1 = 4:34
|extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
|title2 = Jeeva Haani Aagomunna
|length2 = 4:55
|extra2 = Asith Tripati
|title3 = Alemariyagi
|length3 = 5:20
|extra3 = [[Prem (film director)|Prem]]
|title4 = Godemele Ninna Hesara
|length4 = 4:51
|extra4 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|title5 = Pullu Pullu Pulinga
|length5 = 3:42
|extra5 = Mangalamukhi - Shama, Mangalamukhi - Kushi, Group
|title6 = Marammana Edurali
|length6 = 4:43
|extra6 = Naveen Sajju
|title7 = Godemele Ninna Hesara
|length7 = 4:51
|extra7 = Bharath BJ
|title8 = Theme - Instrumental
|length8 = 2:17
|extra8 = -
|title9 = Haadi Beedili Ninthu - Remix
|length9 = 3:48
|extra9 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
}}

==Release and reception==
The release of the film was delayed after the [[ Censor Board]]'s refusal to give films CBFC certificates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/filmmakers-upset-over-delay-in-censoring/articleshow/51537999.cms|title=Filmmakers upset over delay in censoring - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/filmmakers-upset-over-delay-in-censoring/articleshow/51537999.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The producer of the film attempted suicide after he was unable to release the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/too-many-films-too-many-problems/articleshow/51186919.cms|title=Too many films = too many problems - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/too-many-films-too-many-problems/articleshow/51186919.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/half-mentlu-producer-attempts-suicide/article8257810.ece|title=Half Mentlu producer attempts suicide|date=19 February 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=8 May 2022|archive-date=8 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040536/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/half-mentlu-producer-attempts-suicide/article8257810.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Archana Nathan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' opined that "''Half Mentalu'', with its half-baked plot and misunderstood idea of love drives you mad, for sure".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/half-mentalu-psychostalker-strikes-again/article8425960.ece|title=Half Mentalu : Psycho-stalker strikes again|first=Archana|last=Nathan|date=2 April 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=8 May 2022|archive-date=8 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040633/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/half-mentalu-psychostalker-strikes-again/article8425960.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' criticised Sandeepa's dialogue delivery but wrote that "The biggest highlight of the film are Bharath BJ's tunes. These come as much-needed respite between the confused narrative".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/half-mentlu/movie-review/51659498.cms|title=Half Mentlu Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Half Mentlu by Times of India|work=The Times of India|last=Suresh|first=Sunayana}}</ref> G. S. Kumar of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave a similar review and criticised Sandeepa's acting and stated that "The only good part in this movie is its music, composed by B J Bharath".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-half-mentlu-12813.html|title=Movie Review: Half Mentlu|website=Filmfare|last=Kumar|first=G. S.|access-date=2022-05-08|archive-date=2022-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512154013/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-half-mentlu-12813.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shashiprasad S. M. of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote that "there could not have been a more appropriate name for a film that highlights its shoddy making and the sad plight of the unknowing audience who watched a bit too much of it".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/060416/half-mentlu-movie-review-half-mentlu-full-mental-torture.html|title=Half Mentlu movie review: Half Mentlu, full mental torture|first=Shashiprasad|last=S. M.|date=6 April 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=8 May 2022|archive-date=8 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040633/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/060416/half-mentlu-movie-review-half-mentlu-full-mental-torture.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]

Maraṇasati

2026-04-23T02:49:40Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{Short description|Buddhist meditation about death}}
{{Buddhism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
[[File:Prince Siddhattha is shown travelling t Wellcome L0026534.jpg|thumb|Prince Siddhattha sees the three signs, an old man, a sick man and a corpse, that lead to his renunciation of secular life. From a Konbaung Burmese illustration]]
'''''Maraṇasati''''' or '''''maraṇassati''''' (mindfulness of death, death awareness) is a [[Buddhist meditation]] practice of remembering (frequently keeping in mind) that death can strike at any time ([[Aṅguttara Nikāya|AN]] 6.20), and that we should practice assiduously (''[[appamāda]]'') and with urgency in every moment, even in the time it takes to draw one breath. Not being diligent every moment is called negligence by the Buddha (AN 6.19). In the earliest discourses of the Buddha, the term 'Maranasati' is only explicitly defined twice, in the two suttas AN 6.19 and AN 6.20.

Later Buddhist schools have expanded the meaning of 'maranasati' to include various visualization and contemplation techniques to meditate on the nature of [[death]]. The cultivation of Maranasati is said to be conducive to [[right effort]], and also helpful in developing a sense of spiritual urgency ([[Saṃvega|''saṃvega'']]) and renunciation ([[Nekkhamma|''nekkhamma'']]).<ref name=Rosenberg>{{cite web|last=Rosenberg|first=Larry|authorlink=Larry Rosenberg|title=The Supreme Meditation|url=https://www.lionsroar.com/the-supreme-meditation/|work=[[Lion's Roar (magazine)|Lion's Roar]]|date=September 15, 2020|access-date=June 11, 2021}}</ref>

==Theravada Buddhism==

[[Mindfulness (Buddhism)|Mindfulness]] of death is a common practice in Southeast Asian [[Buddhist monasteries]].<ref name=Rosenberg /> Buddhist monasteries such as [[Wat Pah Nanachat]] will often have human skeletons on display in the [[Dharma Hall|meditation hall]].<ref>Ajahn Jagaro, Death and Dying, http://www.katinkahesselink.net/tibet/death_jagaro.html</ref>

=== In the Pali Canon ===

==== Mindfulness of death ====
In the ''Paṭhama-maraṇassati Sutta'' ([[Aṅguttara Nikāya|AN]] 6.19), the Buddha advises developing mindfulness of death diligently (''[[appamāda]]'') and with urgency at every moment, even in the brief time it takes to draw a single breath. Failing to maintain this constant contemplation means one is said to 'live negligently.'{{Cite Tipitaka|title=Paṭhamamaraṇassati Sutta|translation=When this was said, the Buddha said to those mendicants:

“As to the mendicants who develop mindfulness of death by wishing to live for a day and night … or to live for a day … or to live as long as it takes to eat a meal of almsfood … or to live as long as it takes to chew and swallow four or five mouthfuls—these are called mendicants who live negligently. They slackly develop mindfulness of death for the ending of defilements.

But as to the mendicants who develop mindfulness of death by wishing to live as long as it takes to chew and swallow a single mouthful … or to live as long as it takes to breathe out after breathing in, or to breathe in after breathing out—these are called mendicants who live diligently. They keenly develop mindfulness of death for the ending of defilements.

So you should train like this: ‘We will live diligently. We will keenly develop mindfulness of death for the ending of defilements.’ That’s how you should train.”|book=an|number=6.19|translator=Bhikkhu Sujato}}According to the ''Dutiya-maraṇassati Sutta'' ([[Aṅguttara Nikāya|AN]] 6.20), a monk should reflect on the many possibilities which could bring him to death, and then turn his thoughts to the unskillful mental qualities he has yet to abandon. "Suppose your clothes (turban) or head were on fire. In order to extinguish it, you’d apply extraordinary enthusiasm (''[[Chanda (Buddhism)|chanda]]''), effort (''[[Right effort|vāyāma]]''), zeal (''ussāha''), vigor (''ussoḷhi''), perseverance (''appaṭivāni''), mindfulness (''[[Sati (Buddhism)|sati]]''), and situational awareness (''[[sampajañña]]'') in order to give up those bad, unskillful qualities."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sujato |first=Bhikkhu |title=AN 6.20: Dutiyamaraṇassatisutta |url=https://suttacentral.net/ |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=SuttaCentral |language=en}}</ref><ref>AN 6.20 Maranassati Sutta: Mindfulness of Death (2) translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an06/an06.020.than.html</ref>

==== Charnel ground contemplations ====
The [[Satipatthana Sutta]] ([[Majjhima Nikaya|MN]] 10) and the Kayagata-sati Sutta ([[Majjhima Nikaya|MN]] 119) include sections on cemetery contemplations which focus on [[nine stages of decay|nine stages of corpse decomposition]] (Pali: ''nava sīvathikā-manasikāra''). These are:

#A corpse that is "swollen, blue and festering."
#A corpse that is "being eaten by crows, hawks, vultures, dogs, jackals or by different kinds of worms."
#A corpse that is "reduced to a skeleton together with (some) flesh and blood held in by the tendons."
#A corpse that is "reduced to a blood-besmeared skeleton without flesh but held in by the tendons."
#A corpse that is "reduced to a skeleton held in by the tendons but without flesh and not besmeared with blood."
#A corpse that is "reduced to bones gone loose, scattered in all directions."
#A corpse that is "reduced to bones, white in color like a conch."
#A corpse that is "reduced to bones more than a year old, heaped together."
#A corpse that is "reduced to bones gone rotten and become dust."<ref>The Way of Mindfulness
The Satipatthana Sutta and Its Commentary by Soma Thera, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/soma/wayof.html#discourse</ref>

The [[Satipatthana Sutta]] instructs the meditator to reflect thus: 'This body of mine, too, is of the same nature as that body, is going to be like that body, and has not got past the condition of becoming like that body.'
[[File:Asubha_Body_Contemplation.png|alt=Asubha Contemplation Illustration|right|thumb|250x250px|Illustration of mindfulness of death using corpses in a [[charnel ground]], a subset of mindfulness of the body, the first ''[[satipatthana]]''. From an early-20th-century manuscript found in [[Chaiya District]], [[Surat Thani Province]], [[Thailand]].<ref>from [http://zugangzureinsicht.org/html/lib/authors/buddhadasa/dhammawithpictures_en.html Teaching Dhamma by pictures: Explanation of a Siamese Traditional Buddhist Manuscript]</ref>]]
=== In Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga ===

According to [[Buddhaghosa]]'s [[Visuddhimagga]], there are eight ways of meditating on death:

# meditating on death as a murderer, since it takes away life;
# meditating on it as the ruin of success;
# viewing it by comparison with famous persons, reflecting that even these great ones eventually died, even the enlightened ones themselves;
# meditating on the body as the abode of many--many worms as well as the target of many others;
# meditating on the difficulty of keeping alive;
# meditating on it as without occasion, since beings die unpredictably;
# meditating on the shortness of a lifetime;
# meditating on the fact that, properly speaking (in an [[Two truths doctrine#Theravāda|ultimate sense]]), the lifetime of a being is a single moment of consciousness, that one dies every moment, so to speak.<ref>Potter, Karl H (1970). ''"The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Vol. IX Buddhist Philosophy From 350 to 650 AD,"'' p. 124.</ref>

==Tibetan Buddhism==
[[Image:The Open court (1887) (14766091152).jpg|thumb|right|Illustration of a Tibetan [[Cham dance]] of [[Citipati (Buddhism)|skeleton spirits]], who serve as a reminder of the presence of death]]
Mindfulness of death is a central teaching of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]: it is one of the "Four Thoughts," which turn the mind towards spiritual practice. One set of Tibetan Buddhist contemplations on death come from the eleventh century Buddhist scholar [[Atisha]].<ref>Joan Halifax Roshi, The Nine Contemplations of Atisha. https://www.upaya.org/dox/Contemplations.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002071749/https://www.upaya.org/dox/Contemplations.pdf}}</ref> Atisha is said to have said to his students that if a person is unaware of death, their meditation will have little power.<ref>Powers, John. Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism, Ch. 10</ref>

Atisha's contemplations on death:
#Death is inevitable.
#Our life span is decreasing continuously.
#Death will come, whether or not we are prepared for it.
#Human life expectancy is uncertain.
#There are many causes of death.
#The human body is fragile and vulnerable.
#At the time of death, our material resources are not of use to us.
#Our loved ones cannot keep us from death.
#Our own body cannot help us at the time of our death.

Other Tibetan Buddhist practices deal directly with the moment of death, preparing the meditator for entering and navigating the [[Bardo]], the intermediate stage between life and death. This is the theme of the popular ''Great Liberation through hearing during the intermediate state'' ([[Tibetan Book of the Dead]]).

==See also==
*''[[Memento mori]]''
*[[Right Effort]]
*[[Viriya]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Mindfulness (Buddhism)]]

Bigg Boss Marathi season 5

2026-04-20T16:08:11Z

Samyakk clothing: done

{{Short description|Indian Marathi reality show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 5
| image = Bigg Boss Marathi 5 logo.png
| image_size = 250
| bgcolor = #FCB103
| caption =
| num_episodes = 99
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
| num_days = 98
| num_housemates = 17
| winner = Suraj Chavan
| runner_up = [[Abhijeet Sawant]]
}}
| network = [[Colors Marathi]] [[JioHotstar]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2024|07|28|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|10|06|df=y}}
| episode_list =
}}

'''''Bigg Boss Marathi 5''''' is the fifth season of [[Bigg Boss Marathi|Marathi version]] of [[reality television]] show [[Bigg Boss]] broadcast in India. The grand premiere was held on 28 July 2024 on [[Colors Marathi]] and [[JioCinema]] which recorded TRP of 2.4 TVR for grand premiere episode which is highest ever for grand premiere episodes of all 5 seasons of show along with TRP reaching up to 5 TVR which broke all records of in history of Non-Fiction Shows and Bigg Boss Marathi season 5 became most highest ever rated season in history of all Bigg Boss seasons combined.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-26 |title=नवीन होस्ट असणार रितेश देशमुख! ५ वा सीझन केव्हा सुरू होणार व कुठे पाहता येणार? जाणून घ्या सर्वकाही... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-riteish-deshmukh-is-the-new-host-know-about-date-and-time-sva-00-4501907/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-23 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi Season 5 Reaches New Highs In TRP Ratings |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-reaches-new-highs-in-trp-ratings-9025529.html |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> [[Riteish Deshmukh]] hosted the show for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-24 |title=Riteish Deshmukh, Ahead Of Hosting Bigg Boss Marathi, Reacts To Comparisons With Salman Khan |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/riteish-deshmukh-ahead-of-hosting-bigg-boss-marathi-reacts-to-comparisons-with-salman-khan-8977075.html |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> The Grand Finale of the show took place on October 6, 2024, where Suraj Chavhan emerged as the winner, with [[Abhijeet Sawant]] securing the runner-up position.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 5 Winner Is Suraj Chavan |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/bigg-boss-marathi-5-winner-is-suraj-chavan-article-113989882 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Times Now}}</ref>

==Production==
===Teaser===
The season was announced on 21 May 2024 by makers and the channel. [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] who presented the first four seasons announced his departure from the show and later replaced by [[Riteish Deshmukh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Marathi returns with Riteish Deshmukh as host; Promises extra drama and entertainment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-returns-with-riteish-deshmukh-as-host-promises-extra-drama-and-entertainment/articleshow/110292657.cms |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===Development===
The press conference and launch event for this season was held on 22 July 2024, anchored by journalist Dnyanada Kadam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-24 |title='Would Love To Put All Women Inside The House': Kedar Shinde On Bigg Boss Marathi 5 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/would-love-to-put-all-women-inside-the-house-kedar-shinde-on-bigg-boss-marathi-5-8976915.html |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=बिग बॉस मराठी ५मध्ये कोण असणार स्पर्धक? केदार शिंदेंची प्रतिक्रिया आली समोर |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-5-contestant-list-riteish-deshmukh-and-colors-marathi-programming-head-kedar-shinde-expressed-about-bbm5/articleshow/111934373.cms |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>

===Eye logo===
The eye logo features a new golden color scheme, numerous open and closed windows, and two nails supporting the eye.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Marathi season 5 hosted by Bollywood star Riteish Deshmukh is all set to air on this date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-hosted-by-bollywood-star-riteish-deshmukh-is-all-set-to-air-on-this-date/articleshow/111693020.cms |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===House===
The house of this season had a “Maze” theme. This house is referred as “Chakravyuh”. The house is located in [[Film City, Mumbai]] for the fourth time.

===Bhaucha Dhakka===
This season's weekend episodes were named as ''Bhaucha Dhakka''. Stage was recreated as ''Bhaucha Dhakka'' where host Riteish Deshmukh who is fondly called as Bhau will officiate in his style and it would be his reign.

===Tanta Ghar===
This season's weekend episodes had a special setup created in Activity Area which was named as ''Tanta Ghar''. In this housemates who queried during a week will feature and would express their anger against each other by taking it on kept objects and at the end if bell rings due to that then they will get surprise by Bigg Boss.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Week
| 1
| 2
|-
! Housemates
| Aarya Jahnavi
| Arbaz Abhijeet
|-
! Surprise
| Personal 30,000 BB currency to each
| Personal 50,000 BB currency to each
|}

[[File:Riteish_Deshmukh_Selfie_S5.jpg|thumb|140px|right|Host Riteish Deshmukh Selfie with winner and runner-up of season alongside trophy]]

===Trophy===
The trophy was revealed on 04th October which had a maze covering eye of Bigg Boss standing on a platform.

==Housemates status==


{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:fit;"
!scope="col" style="background:#FCB103; color:black;" |Sl.no
!scope="col" style="background:#FCB103; color:black;" |Housemates
!scope="col" style="background:#FCB103; color:black;" |Day entered
!scope="col" style="background:#FCB103; color:black;" |Day Exited
!scope="col" style="background:#FCB103; color:black;" |Housemates status
|-
!1
|Suraj
|Day 1
|Day 70
|{{won|Winner}}
|-
!2
|Abhijeet
|Day 1
|Day 70
|{{runner-up|1st Runner up}}
|-
!3
|Nikki
|Day 1
|Day 70
|style="background:#7FFFD4;" |2nd Runner-up
|-
!4
|Dhananjay
|Day 1
|Day 70
|style="background:#DDA0DD;" |3rd Runner-up
|-
!5
|Ankita
|Day 1
|Day 70
|style="background:#FF69B4;" |4th Runner-up
|-
!6
|Jahnavi
|Day 1
|Day 70
| style="background:#F5F5DC;"|{{nowrap|5th Runner-up, Walked}}
|-
!7
|Varsha
|Day 1
|Day 67
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
!8
|Pandharinath
|Day 1
|Day 63
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
!9
|Arbaz
|Day 1
|Day 56
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
!10
|Sangram
|Day 43
|Day 55
|{{Quit|Walked}}
|-
!11
|Vaibhav
|Day 1
|Day 49
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
!12
|Aarya
|Day 1
|Day 48
|{{CRemoved|Ejected}}
|-
!13
|Ghanshyam
|Day 1
|Day 41
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
!14
|Irina
|Day 1
|Day 28
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
!15
|Yogita
|Day 1
|Day 21
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
!16
|Nikhil
|Day 1
|Day 21
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
!17
|Purushottam
|Day 1
|Day 7
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

==Housemates==
===Original entrants===
* [[Varsha Usgaonkar]] - A Marathi and Hindi film and television actress. She has appeared in ''[[Gammat Jammat]]'', ''[[Hamaal De Dhamaal]]'', ''[[Saglikade Bombabomb]]'', etc. She is also known for her role in TV series ''[[Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta!]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-28 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 5: All you need to know about Varsha Usgaonkar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-5-all-you-need-to-know-about-varsha-usgaonkar/articleshow/112085657.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* Nikhil Damle - Television actor known for appearing in the ''[[Rama Raghav]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=प्रीमियरलाच कोकणकन्या-अभिनेत्यामध्ये जुंपली; बिग बॉसच्या घरात दोघांची एन्ट्री |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/bigg-boss-marathi-5-kokan-hearted-girl-ankita-prabhu-walawakar-and-nikhil-damle-entered-in-bb-house-a-a945/ |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Ankita Prabhu-Walawalkar- Social media influencer and YouTuber. She is known as Kokanheartedgirl.
* Pandharinath Kamble - A Marathi comedian. He did many roles in films and television. He is known for his appearance in ''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मराठी मनोरंजनाचा राजा पॅडी बिग बॉस मराठीच्या घरात, हास्याचा फुलटॉस टाकणार की चक्रव्युहात अडकणार |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-marathi-5-paddy-aka-pandharinath-kamble-contestant-list-host-riteish-deshmukh-bigg-boss-marathi-news-1301510 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |date=28 July 2024 |language=mr}}</ref>
* Yogita Chavan - Television actress. She is known for her portrayal of Antara Khanvilkar in ''[[Jeev Majha Guntala]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=आधी मालिका अन् आता बिग बॉसचं घर गाजवणार,योगिता चव्हाणची कलर्स मराठीवर पुन्हा एकदा ग्रँड एन्ट्री |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/who-is-yogita-chavan-bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-contestant-know-everything-about-her-bigg-boss-marathi-grand-premier-1301423 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Janhavi Killekar - Television actress. She is known for her negative role in ''[[Bhagya Dile Tu Mala]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=छोट्या पडद्यावरील खलनायिकेची बिग बॉसच्या घरात एन्ट्री, जान्हवी किल्लेकर काय नवा डाव टाकणार? |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/jahnavi-killekar-in-bigg-boss-marathi-5-contestant-know-about-villian-bhagya-dile-tu-mala-fame-tv-actrees-marathi-news-1301516 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Abhijeet Sawant]] - Singer. He was the winner of ''[[Indian Idol]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=इंडियन आयडॉल फेम अभिजीत सावंतची बिग बॉसच्या घरात एन्ट्री, छोटा पुढारी घनःश्याम दरवडेच्या नावाचीही लागली पाटी |url=https://marathi.timesnownews.com/entertainment/indian-idol-fame-abhijeet-sawant-entered-in-bigg-boss-house-ghanashyam-darwade-is-also-in-the-show-article-112087009 |website=[[Times Now News]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Ghanshyam Darvade - Political commentator. He is also known as Chota Pudhari.<ref name=":1" />
* Irina Rudakova - Russian model and yoga enthusiast. She was a cheerleader for the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=बिग बॉसच्या घरात, तुमच्यासाठी खास! नटून थटून रशियन मॉडेल इराना रुडाकोवाची बोल्ड एन्ट्री |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/who-is-irina-rudakova-in-bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-contestant-host-by-ritiesh-deshmukh-know-everything-about-her-1301472 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |date=28 July 2024 |language=mr}}</ref>
* [[Nikki Tamboli]] - Film actress. She is predominantly working in Tamil and Telugu films. She was also the 2nd runner up of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 14|Bigg Boss 14]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=बिग बॉस मराठीच्या घरात वाहणार प्रेमाचे वारे! एंट्री करताच त्याच्यावर भाळली निकी तांबोळी, म्हणते- त्याला पाहून... |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/bigg-boss-marathi-5-contestant-nikki-tamboli-have-crush-on-arbaz-patel-psn14 |website=[[Sakal]] |date=28 July 2024 |language=mr}}</ref>
* Vaibhav Chavan - Television actor. He is known for playing lead role in ''[[Man Jhala Bajind]]''.<ref name=":2" />
* Arbaz Patel - Reality television actor. He is the contestant of ''[[MTV Splitsvilla season 15]]''.<ref name=":2" />
* Aarya Jadhao - Rapper. She is known for being a contestant of ''[[MTV Hustle]] 2''. She is widely known as QK.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=आर्या जाधव, अरबाज पटेल, आर्या जाधव, पुरुषोत्तमदादा पाटील 'बिग बॉस मराठी'च्या घरात धुमाकूळ घालण्यास सज्ज, कोण कोणावर भारी पडणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/bigg-boss-marathi-5-rapper-arya-jadhav-arbaaz-patel-vaibhav-chavan-and-kirtan-artist-purushottamdada-patil-entered-the-house/ |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}</ref>
* Purushottam Dada Patil - Kirtankar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=मठाधीपती आणि सुप्रसिद्ध किर्तनकार पुरुषोत्तम दादा पाटील यांची बिग बॉस मराठी ५मध्ये एन्ट्री |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/famous-kirtankar-purushottam-dada-patil-entry-in-bigg-boss-marathi-5-colors-marathi-a-a998/‌ |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Dhananjay Powar - Social media influencer, YouTuber and businessman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=बिग बॉसमध्ये आला सर्वांचा लाडका DP! धनंजय पोवारने येताच केला कल्ला |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/bigg-boss-marathi-5-social-media-influencer-dhananjay-powar-entered-in-bigg-boss-a-a945/ |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Suraj Chavan - Social media influencer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=गुलीगत धोका! रिल स्टार सूरज चव्हाणची बिग बॉसच्या घरात झापुक-झपुक एन्ट्री |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/reel-star-suraj-chavan-in-bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-guligat-dhokha-tik-tok-star-who-is-suraj-chavan-know-here-marathi-news-1301518 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |date=28 July 2024 |language=mr}}</ref>

=== Wild-Card entrants ===
* [[Sangram Chougule]] - Bodybuilder. He won the title of Mr. Universe in 2012 in the 85 kg category.

==Weekly summary==
{{MOS|date=September 2024}}
The main events in the ''Bigg Boss Marathi 5'' house are summarised in the table below.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 90%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
! rowspan="11" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | Week 1
| '''Entrances'''|| On the Grand Premiere, host Riteish Deshmukh welcomed new housemates and introduced them to all. Varsha Usgaonkar, Nikhil Damle, Ankita Prabhu-Walawalkar, Pandharinath Kamble, Yogita Chavan, Jahnavi Killekar, Abhijeet Sawant, Ghanshyam Darode, Nikki Tamboli, Vaibhav Chavan, Arbaz Patel, Aarya Jadhao, Purushottam Dada Patil, Dhananjay Powar and Suraj Chavan entered the house as the original housemates.
|-
| rowspan=3 | '''Twists'''
| On the Grand Premiere, host Riteish Deshmukh announced that housemates have to buy facilities in house for that they have to go through dilemma in which they need to select between BB currency and a personal luxury.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Housemate
! Selection
|-
| Varsha
| No Duty Power Card
|-
| Nikhil
| 10,000
|-
| Ankita
| 10,000
|-
| Pandharinath
| 10,000
|-
| Yogita
| 10,000
|-
| Jahnavi
| Single bed
|-
| Abhijeet
| 10,000
|-
| Ghanshyam
| 10,000
|-
| Irina
| 10,000
|-
| Nikki
| Coffee
|-
| Vaibhav
| Chicken
|-
| Arbaz
| 10,000
|-
| Aarya
| 10,000
|-
| Purushottam
| 10,000
|-
| Dhananjay
| Mutton
|-
| Suraj
| 10,000
|}
|-
| On Day 1, Bigg Boss asked all housemates to name 3 housemates by majority which they think are unable to make decisions. Housemates by majority named Suraj, Irina and Dhananjay. Later, Bigg Boss gave them power of making decision where they had to visit BB Hub and brought items for whole house by available BB Currency which was 1,10,000. Suraj, Irina and Dhananjay had to show to decision making ability in this as majority of housemates chose them for not to have it.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
|-
| Bathroom, Toilet (per pair)
| 7000
| {{tick}} {{tick}}
| Oil
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Double Bed (per bed)
| 15000
| {{cross}}
| Spices
| 3000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Single Bed (per bed)
| 15000
| {{cross}}
| Sugar
| 3000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Chicken Nuggets
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Salt
| 3000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Coffee
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Eggs
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Chicken
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Poha
| 3000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Mutton
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Semolina
| 3000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Fish
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Tea
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Icecream
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Milk
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Ghee
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Curd
| 3000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Butter
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Onion, tomato, potato
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Colddrinks
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Lady finger, bitter gourd
| 2000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Cookies + Chocolates
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Bottle gourd
| 1000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Flour
| 5000
| {{tick}}
| Cabbage, cauliflower
| 2000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Rice
| 5000
| {{tick}}
| Green beans, ivy gourd
| 2000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Red lentil
| 5000
| {{tick}}
| Fenugreek leaves, black eyed beans
| 2000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Chickpea
| 5000
| {{tick}}
| Green pea
| 1000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Green gram beans
| 5000
| {{tick}}
| Lemon, green chillies, ginger, garlic
| 1000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Pigeon peas
| 5000
| {{tick}}
| Coriander, curry leaves
| 1000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Black lentil
| 5000
| {{tick}}
| Brinjal, capsicum green
| 3000
| {{tick}}
|}
At the end, beds and luxury items were not brought in this as a result housemates have to sleep on floor for first week and they can't use any furniture or sofa to sleep while they also can't use beds for sitting purpose too or any other activity. Sleeping bags were provided by Bigg Boss to all housemates which would be only used for sleeping and daily after wake up song they have to keep in store room. As Jahnavi Killekar brought single bed in grand premiere, only she will have luxury of bed.
|-
| On Day 7, host Riteish Deshmukh announced two teams of housemates in which all are contenders of captaincy. Each team has to name three housemates of whom contendership would be taken away for upcoming captaincy. BB Currency of 30,000 will be given away for each contender being cancelled from captaincy. Total 1,80,000 BB Currency was given to house for upcoming week's shopping from BB Hub.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Arbaz Nikki Vaibhav Jahnavi <s>Dhananjay</s> Ghanshyam <s>Purushottam Yogita</s>
| Ankita Aarya <s>Varsha</s> Pandharinath Abhijeet Irina <s>Nikhil Suraj</s>
|}
Housemates striked off took away their captaincy contendership
|-
| '''Captaincy Task''' || bgcolor=#ccc|'''''Task cancelled'''''
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain''' || bgcolor=#ccc|'''''None'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Nominations'''
| '''Nominations chi Tof'''
On Day 2, Bigg Boss called all housemates in garden area where nomination process took place. In nomination process, 3 housemates per round and 4 housemates in last round will be up against cannon of nominations. Other than those housemates will be up for grabbing flambeau. In each round after sound of bugle, whichever housemate gets first hand on drumstick would beat drum with it and get flambeau to lighten up the cannon. Flambeau holder would fire a cannon against one housemate from three up for it whom they want to nominate for eviction process. After nominating once, flambeau holder will pass it to another housemate who would get chance to nominate. Round will not end till one housemate from three is not nominated twice in same round. In last round, four were up among which two were supposed to get nominated.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Housemates
|-
| 1
| Nikki Abhijeet {{font color|red|Ankita}}
|-
| 2
| {{font color|red|Yogita}} Aarya Jahnavi
|-
| 3
| Arbaz {{font color|red|Varsha}} Ghanshyam
|-
| 4
| Nikhil {{font color|red|Purushottam}} Vaibhav
|-
| 5
| Pandharinath {{font color|red|Dhananjay Suraj}} Irina
|}
Housemates in {{font color|red|red}} got nominated
|-
| Ankita, Yogita, Varsha, Purushottam, Suraj and Dhananjay were nominated for first week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| '''Sponsored'''||
* On Day 0, ''Santoor'' gave their products as a hamper to every individual housemates upon entrance in house.
* On Day 7, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to evicted contestant Purushottam Dada Patil for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''
|-
| '''Punishments''' ||
* On Day 2, Bigg Boss announced that all housemates can use beds but due to violation of rules of using beds Bigg Boss cancelled it. Also Bigg Boss took away remaining BB Currency which was 3000.
* On Day 5, Bigg Boss penalized all housemates by taking away captaincy for first week for violation of rules such as non-use of mics, sleeping in day, use of beds, not speaking in marathi language, etc.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| '''Exits''' || On Day 7, '''Purushottam Dada Patil''' became the first housemate to be evicted.
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | Week 2
| rowspan="2" |'''Twists'''
| On Day 7, Bigg Boss gave permission to use beds until next shopping carried out in BB Hub. Also Bigg Boss gave personal 30,000 BB Currency to Aarya and Jahnavi for outperforming which they would use for their personal use and they have to secure their personal BB Currency.
|-
| On Day 9, Bigg Boss opened up BB Hub for shopping. Firstly Jahnavi and Aarya were called as they were in for their 30,000 personal BB currency to buy for themselves and 2 housemates with whom they will share that item. They can only buy beds, toilets and luxury items only.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Housemate
! Items
! Value
! Sharing with
|-
| Aarya
| <s>Double Bed</s> Single Bed
| <s>10000</s> 20000
| <s>Yogita</s> Nikhil and Varsha
|-
| Jahnavi
| Double Bed Chicken
| 10000 20000
| Arbaz and Vaibhav
|}
As Aarya failed to give 10,000 BB currency, Double Bed taken by her was confiscated by ''Bigg Boss''. Later, Bigg Boss announced a twist that housemates will be paired in 7 pairs to take items from BB Hub and each pair will receive 20,000 BB currency while captain will have 40,000 BB currency. Also Bigg Boss asked housemates to make order of pairs declared by him on the basis of decision taking ability to go in BB Hub for shopping as it will also have impact on their future in house.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Pair
! Items
! Value
|-
| Arbaz-Dhananjay
| Oil Rice
| 10000 10000
|-
| Jahnavi-Varsha
| Onions Pigeon peas
| 10000 10000
|-
| {{nowrap|Pandharinath-Yogita}}
| Eggs
| 20000
|-
| Nikki-Ghanshyam
| Potatoes Tomatoes
| 10000 10000
|-
| Abhijeet-Aarya
| {{nowrap|Coriander, curry leaves, ginger, garlic, lemon, green chillies}} Flour
| 10000 10000
|-
| Vaibhav-Irina
| Spices Salt
| 10000 10000
|-
| Suraj-Nikhil
| Bathroom, toilet (pair)
| 20000
|-
| Ankita
| Poha Cabbage, cauliflower Bathroom, toilet (pair)
| 10000 10000 20000
|}
|-
| '''Captaincy Task'''
| '''Captaincy chi Bullet Train'''
On Day 8, Bullet train with two egines with its lines-{{font color|green|Green}} and {{font color|red|Red}} was placed in garden area. After sound of horn captaincy contenders and non-captaincy contenders would race for both engine's motorman seat. After respective engines motorman take place, captaincy contenders would select their favourite line and sit in that bogey. Bigg Boss would announce from which line bullet train and number of captaincy contenders to be evicted in that round. Varsha would be moderating task alongside taking part in it. In last round, Bigg Boss announced twist that green line would be closed and only red will be open.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! No. to evict
! Line to go
! Motorman
! Passengers
|-
| 1
| 3
| {{font color|green|Green}}
| Ankita
| <s>Irina Jahnavi Arbaz</s> Vaibhav
|-
| 2
| 2
| {{font color|green|Green}}
| Vaibhav
| <s>Ghanshyam Aarya</s> Ankita
|-
| 3
| 4
| {{font color|red|Red}}
| Yogita
| <s>Pandharinath Nikki Abhijeet Vaibhav</s> Ankita
|}
Housemates striked off were out from captaincy race
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| '''''Ankita Prabhu-Walawalkar'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Nominations'''
|
On Day 9, pairs made by Bigg Boss for shopping from BB Hub will be up for nominations along with their taken items. Each pair and captain will nominate two pairs for eviction process on the basis of who discussed most should be placed above. At the end pairs which are nominated, items taken by them would be seized by Bigg Boss and only pairs which are safe their items will be up for use of house. Pairs have to agree on one decision while nominating other pairs.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Pair
! Items
|-
| Arbaz-Dhananjay
| Oil Rice
|-
| Jahnavi-Varsha
| Onions Pigeon peas
|-
| {{font color|red|Pandharinath-Yogita}}
| <s>Eggs</s>
|-
| {{font color|red|Nikki-Ghanshyam}}
| <s>Potatoes Tomatoes</s>
|-
| Abhijeet-Aarya
| Coriander, curry leaves, ginger, garlic, lemon, green chillies Flour
|-
| Vaibhav-Irina
| Spices Salt
|-
| {{font color|red|Suraj-Nikhil}}
| <s>Bathroom, toilet (pair)</s>
|-
| {{font color|green|Ankita}}
| Poha Cabbage, cauliflower Bathroom, toilet (pair)
|}
Pairs in {{font color|red|red}} got nominated while items striked off were seized by Bigg Boss. Captain marked in {{font color|green|green}} as she was safe and her taken items also.
|-
| Pandharinath, Yogita, Suraj, Nikhil, Nikki & Ghanshyam were nominated for second week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Tasks'''
| '''Kalla TV'''
On Day 10, Bigg Boss stated that there will be Kalla TV for houemates and its channel head will be Ghanshyam. On Kalla TV, two teams will perform and entertain. Ghanshyam as moderator would announce results and winning team will get to use bed and sugar-milk. Dhananjay from Team A and Ankita would host show with their style. Bigg Boss also gave head on competitions and their type of performance to perform.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Presentation
! Team A member(s)
! Team B member(s)
|-
| Singing
| {{won|Abhijeet}}
| {{lost|Aarya}}
|-
| Dance
| {{lost|Nikki-Arbaz}}
| {{won|Vaibhav-Irina}}
|-
| Dance
| {{lost|Nikhil-Yogita}}
| {{won|Jahnavi-Varsha}}
|-
| News
| {{won|Suraj}}
| {{lost|Ankita}}
|-
| Comedy/Roast
| {{won|Dhananjay}}
| {{lost|Pandharinath}}
|}
Team Member in {{font color|red|red}} lost while in {{font color|green|green}} won that round. After task completion, both the teams by majority will decide whether channel head will get bed, sugar, milk or not. By majority, both teams decided to give faciliies of bed, sugar and milk to channel head Ghanshyam alongside winning team A. Captain Ankita will make sure of it there are not any violations.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Team A - Abhijeet, Nikki, Arbaz, Nikhil, Yogita, Suraj, Dhananjay
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Team B - Aarya, Vaibhav, Irina, Jahnavi, Varsha, Ankita, Pandharinath
|-
| '''Sponsored'''
|
* On Day 8, new screen was installed in living area which will showcase photo of ''Ambuja Cement'' Captain of a house for each week.
* On Day 10, ''Society'' sent in their tea in box along with cups named of each housemate.
* On Day 12, as Rakha Bandhan was upcoming occasion where Brothers celebrates with their sisters to mark it ''Cadbury Celebrations'' show a clip of their product made custom to celebrate moments of it. Also, ''Cadbury Celebrations'' will send boxes to sisters of brothers who will share their experiences with sisters which will be customised made with experiences shared. Abhijeet and Suraj shared experiences and later 3 boxes were gifted for all house.
* On Day 13, ''Mutual Funds'' gave coins of value 50 to each housemates as base and extra coin of value 50 to housemate for becoming house captain. All housemates got one coin of value of 50 except Captain Ankita who got two coin as she was captain. This coins will be placed in investment box of every housemate placed at ''Mutual Funds'' stand which was inaugurated by Captain Ankita in living area. Every housemate will give nominee for their in case they are evicted. Coins can be redemeed to get luxuries or facilities provided by Bigg Boss time to time.
|-
| '''Activities'''
|
* On Day 11, Bigg Boss sent chalks for Irina to learn marathi by using them for writing on black board placed in Kitchen and learning it.
* On Day 14, Host Riteish Deshmukh announced that bathroom and toilet which was seized due to nomination of Suraj and Nikhil would be available to use for all housemates.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| '''Exits'''
| style="background:#ccc;" | ''No one was evicted as Colors Marathi channel got relaunched with new tagline "Navi Bharari, Unch Bharari" due to which nominated contestants were given chance for new start.''
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="17" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | '''Week 3'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Twists'''
| On Day 16, Bigg Boss announced that BB Hub will be closed for this week. Instead of BB Hub, there would be new room which is '''Power Room'''. In this power room, power cards would be there which would be used for others by power card user. Firstly, Bigg Boss called second week's Tanta Ghar performers in Power Room who had individual 50,000 BB Currency. They had two power card which were No Duty Power Card and Vote to Save Power Card. Each power card was valued at 50,000 BB Currency so both of them can choose only one out of two for themselves. Both also can choose one power card for themselves.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Housemate
! Power Card chosen
! Used for
|-
| Arbaz
| Vote to Save
| Nikki
|-
| Abhijeet
| Vote to Save
| Pandharinath
|}
As both used Vote to Save power card by which Arbaz saved Nikki and Abhijeet saved Pandharinath from nominations.
Lastly, Bigg Boss announced that next member would be from BB Currency task winning team A where they had to choose one among them to go in Power Room. Team A chose Vaibhav and he had five power cards which were Nominate Someone, Replace Someone from Nomination, Remove Captaincy Contendership, Vote to Save Other, No Duty for other. Each power card was valued at 50,000 BB Currency and as Team A only had 55,000 BB Currency, Vaibhav only can buy one power card. Also if Vaibhav buy either of Nominate Someone or Replace Someone from Nomination, he can't use them for Nikki and Pandharinath as they are already saved.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Housemate
! Power Card chosen
! Used for
|-
| Vaibhav
| Replace Someone from Nomination
| Ghanshyam replaced by Abhijeet in nominations.
|}
|-
| On Day 16, Bigg Boss gave all items except luxury items and also declared that housemates can use all beds and bathrooms.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''
| '''French fries of Captaincy'''
On Day 18, Bigg Boss sent french fries for captaincy contendership winner Team A. Team B will decide in each round rankings of Team A captaincy contenders and would award them french fries from seven to one. After deciding rankings, Team A captaincy contenders can secure more french fries from other ones. After end of round, two least number of french fries holder would be out from captaincy.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Out
|-
| 1
| Ghanshyam Yogita
|-
| 2
| Suraj Nikhil
|-
| 3
| Jahnavi Nikki
|}
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Arbaz
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Nikki, Vaibhav, Irina, Jahnavi, Ghanshyam, Suraj
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| bgcolor=#ccc | '''''None'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Nominations'''
|
* On Day 14, Host Riteish Deshmukh declared all safe from second week's eviction while he announced that previously nominated contestants would be carried forward for third week's nominations. All nominated contestants from second week were directly nominated for third week.
* On Day 16, Bigg Boss brought twist with Power Room where by using power cards Arbaz saved Nikki and Abhijeet saved Pandharinath from nominations while Vaibhav saved Ghanshyam and nominated Abhijeet.
|-
| Suraj, Yogita, Nikhil and Abhijeet were nominated for third week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="6" | '''Tasks'''
| '''Bigg Boss che Chhote Pahune'''
On Day 15, Bigg Boss sent in two twin babies as guest in house as announced by Host Riteish Deshmukh in weekend episodes. There will be a task for BB Currency for which two teams would compete and get BB Currency for their team to buy facilities for week. This week BB Currency will be used only for winning team rather than for all house. 3,00,000 BB Currency will be up for grab where both teams can earn up to maximum 1,50,000 BB Currency at the end of task. For every mistake made by each team, their 5000 BB Currency would be cut down by their opponents. At the completion of task, whichever team has maximum BB Currency would get their currency. There would be in between sub tasks such as changing diapers on crying of baby and eating of given food by BB by one team member when baby laughs. Both babies would be in two different for sake of in between sub tasks that which team will do. Vaibhav from Team A and Aarya from Team B would moderate tasks from their respective teams while Captain Ankita has to decide in which team she would participate where she chose Team B.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
| Nikki Arbaz Vaibhav Irina Jahnavi Ghanshyam Suraj
! Remaining BB Currency = 55000
|-
! Team B
| Aarya Abhijeet Varsha Dhananjay Pandharinath Nikhil Yogita Ankita
! Remaining BB Currency = 15000
|}
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Team A - Nikki, Arbaz, Vaibhav, Irina, Jahnavi, Ghanshyam, Suraj
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Team B - Aarya, Abhijeet, Varsha, Dhananjay, Pandharinath, Nikhil, Yogita, Ankita
|-
| '''BB Port'''
On Day 17, a task was conducted for captaincy contenderships. There are two boats placed at BB Port respectively for both teams A and B. Each team will have some members who will drive their team boat while some will go to get pearls. Red boat will be for Team A and Blue boat will be for Team B. Task will be conducted in rounds where in each round teams has to get pearls from box placed at Main Door. Each team has to then fill in pearls in their given bags. Each bag has to be with minimum 10 pearls. After that bags has to be loaded on boats. Bags in respective team's boat has to be secured by their own responsibility. Varsha would be assessing the task and she can also participate by taking part in one of the team. After each round, assessor would count bags and whichever team has less bags loaded on boat has to take decision of leaving out number of members out of captaincy contendership announced by Bigg Boss. After completion of task, housmeates which are still in task would be the final candidates of captaincy.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Arbaz Nikki Jahnavi Yogita Nikhil Ghanshyam Suraj
| Vaibhav Aarya Abhijeet Ankita Pandharinath Dhananjay Irina Varsha
|}
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! No. to evict
! Lost by
! Left out
|-
| 1
| 3
| Team B
| Varsha Pandharinath Ankita
|-
| 2
| 3
| Team B
| {{na}}
|}
As after round 2 Team A will have seven members and Team B with two members, Bigg Boss announced that task ends and Team A wins and their all members become captaincy contenders.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Team A - Arbaz, Nikki, Jahnavi, Yogita, Nikhil, Ghanshyam, Suraj
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Team B - Vaibhav, Aarya, Abhijeet, Ankita, Pandharinath, Dhananjay, Irina, Varsha
|-
| '''Sponsored'''
|
* On Day 18, ''Mutual Funds'' gave coin of value 50 to Arbaz on becoming captain.
* On Day 21, As Nikhil and Yogita came out of house they named nominee for their coin of value 50 to Dhananjay and Aarya respectively to transfer it in their ''Mutual Funds'' Investment Box.
* On Day 21, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to evicted contestants Nikhil Damle and Yogita Chavan for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''
|-
| '''Activities'''
|
* On Day 19, after seeing unhuman behaviour and failing on moral grounds Bigg Boss gave activity of ''Maanus banayche karya'' in which housemates can talk on phone to their loved ones which are not in this world and express their feelings.
* On Day 21, Host Riteish Deshmukh showed social media comments and it was for first time in Bigg Boss Marathi History where outside comments were shown to housemates.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 21, '''Nikhil Damle''' became the second housemate and '''Yogita Chavan''' became the third housemate to be evicted.
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | Week 4
| rowspan="2" |'''Twists'''
| On Day 23, Bigg Boss collected all groceries except fruits and also confiscated both bathrooms and toilets alongside stopped use of beds for housemates. Next Bigg Boss called Arbaz in dilemma room to decide whether he wants to choose 2,00,000 BB Currency for both teams in place of giving up his captaincy and immunity to any other housemate or to choose keeping his captaincy and let go all BB Currency. Arbaz chose 2,00,000 BB Currency and gave up his captaincy and immunity to Nikki. Nikki became new house captain and Arbaz took 2,00,000 BB Currency for housemates.
|-
| On Day 23, Bigg Boss opened BB Hub in Garden Area where housemates had to buy items by majority from their 2,00,000 BB Currency.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
|-
| Bathroom, Toilet (per pair)
| 40000
| {{tick}}
| Chips
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Lady finger
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Double bed (per bed)
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cheese
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Fenugreek leaves
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Single bed (per bed)
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Green gram beans
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Green beans
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Coffee
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Pigeon peas
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Green peas
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chicken
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Red lentils
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cabbage
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Mutton
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Yellow lentils
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cauliflower
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Fish
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Spices
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Coriander, ginger, garlic, curry leaves, lemon, green chillies
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Icecream
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Sugar
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Eggs
| 20000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Ghee
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Salt
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Poha
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Butter
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Oil
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Semolina
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Colddrink
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Flour
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Curd
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Cookies
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Rice
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Milk
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chocolates
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Onion
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Jaggery
| 40000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Honey
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Tomato
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Potato
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|}
As housemates didn't buy any beds so they can't use any bed and as they brought just one bathroom and toilet, they can't use another one.
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| '''''<s>Arbaz Patel</s> Nikki Tamboli'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Nominations'''
| On Day 24, Bigg Boss gave photos of each housemate to other housemate. In nomination process, whoever wants to nominate housemate of whose photo they have would need to press the buzzer first by racing first to it. By putting photo in fire, housemate can directly nominate the one they have.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Housemate
! Photograph
|-
| Irina
| Ghanshyam
|-
| Jahnavi
| {{font color|red|Aarya}}
|-
| Aarya
| {{font color|red|Irina}}
|-
| Arbaz
| Pandharinath
|-
| Dhananjay
| Arbaz
|-
| Ghanshyam
| {{font color|red|Abhijeet}}
|-
| Ankita
| Suraj
|-
| Suraj
| Varsha
|-
| Pandharinath
| Jahnavi
|-
| Abhijeet
| {{font color|red|Vaibhav}}
|-
| Varsha
| Ankita
|-
| Vaibhav
| Dhananjay
|}
Housemates in {{font color|red|red}} got nominated
|-
| Aarya, Irina, Abhijeet and Vaibhav were nominated for fourth week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Tasks'''
| '''Satyacha Panchanama'''
On Day 22, Bigg Boss gave task to win BB Currency in which two teams would compete against each other. In this task, each member from both teams will go in Activity Area where Bigg Boss will give them one statement and they need to decide is it true or false. After deciding, opposing team would have option whether they agree or not agree by pressing respective colour buzzer with that opposing team member. If opposing team agrees then that team member would earn 20,000 BB Currency for team else would return with 0 BB Currency. After completion of task, whichever team has more BB Currency will win it.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A member
! Statement
! Agreement
! BB currency won
! Team B member
! Statement
! Agreement
! BB currency won
|-
| Ghanshyam
| {{True}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
| Aarya
| {{False}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
|-
| Jahnavi
| {{False}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
| Pandharinath
| {{True}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
|-
| Irina
| {{False}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
| Abhijeet
| {{True}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
|-
| Nikki
| {{False}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
| Ankita
| {{True}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
|-
| Vaibhav
| {{False}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
| Varsha
| {{True}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
|-
| Suraj
| {{True}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
| Dhananjay
| {{True}}
| {{disagree}}
| 0
|}
As both teams disagreed on each statement of their opponent team, neither team won any BB Currency.
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Team A - Nikki, Ghanshyam, Jahnavi, Vaibhav, Irina, Suraj & Team B - Abhijeet, Ankita, Dhananjay, Pandharinath, Aarya, Varsha
|-
| '''Sponsored'''
|
* On Day 23, ''Cadbury Celebrations'' sent customised gift boxes to each female housemate made by their brothers on the occasion of [[Raksha Bandhan]].
* On Day 28, As Irina came out of house she named nominee for her coin of value 50 to Vaibhav to transfer it in his ''Mutual Funds'' Investment Box.
* On Day 28, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to evicted contestant Irina Rudakova for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''
|-
| '''Activities'''
| On Day 23, host Riteish Deshmukh sent rakhis in house for all housemates to celebrate Raksha Bandhan.
|-
| '''Punishments'''
| On Day 28, host Riteish Deshmukh gave punishment to Jahnavi of being in jail for one week due to her actions throughout season. Jahnavi can only use bathroom toilet available in garden area while when living area blinds are closed, she can come in house but can't use any furniture or utensils from house. Jahnavi only can sit on floor while being in house. Jahnavi would be always in jail whenever garden area is open.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 28, '''Irina Rudakova''' became the fourth housemate to be evicted.
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="16" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | '''Week 5'''
| rowspan="4" |'''Twists'''
| On Day 29, Bigg Boss announced that due to occurrence of Headless in house housemates had to be in pairs for a week. Bigg Boss then announced pairs which will remain for a week.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! No
! Pair
|-
| 1
| Nikki-Abhijeet
|-
| 2
| Arbaz-Aarya
|-
| 3
| Jahnavi-Suraj
|-
| 4
| Vaibhav-Dhananjay
|-
| 5
| Pandharinath-Ghanshyam
|-
| 6
| Ankita-Varsha
|}
Housemates had to be in pairs by belt provided. Housemates need to sleep where one partner sleeps except Suraj who can sleep anywhere as Jahnavi is in jail but from morning both need to be together. One partner can go to bathroom where another partner need to wait in bathroom area.
|-
| On Day 31, Bigg Boss made available both toilets and bathrooms to housemates
|-
| On Day 32, Bigg Boss opened BB Hub for captaincy contenders who were removed and earned 30000 BB Currency individually whereas they would have option of buying for house or for their team where they chose team. Dhananjay and Vaibhav from their collective 60,000 BB Currency brought following items for their Team A.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
|-
| Double bed (per bed)
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Cheese
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Lady finger
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Single bed (per bed)
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Split black lentils
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Fenugreek leaves
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Coffee
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Green gram beans
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Green beans
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chicken
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Pigeon peas
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Green peas
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Mutton
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Red lentils
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Cabbage
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Fish
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Yellow lentils
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Cauliflower
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Icecream
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Spices
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Coriander, ginger, garlic, curry leaves, lemon, green chillies
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Ghee
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Sugar
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Eggs
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Butter
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Salt
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Poha
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Colddrink
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Oil
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Semolina
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Cookies
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Flour
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Curd
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chocolates
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Rice
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Milk
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Honey
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Onion
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Jaggery
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chips
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Tomato
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Potato
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|}
Aarya, Suraj, Ankita and Jahnavi from their collective 1,20,000 BB Currency brought following items for their Team B.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
|-
| Double bed (per bed)
| 10000
| {{tick}} {{tick}} {{tick}}
| Cheese
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Lady finger
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Single bed (per bed)
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Split black lentils
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Fenugreek leaves
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Coffee
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Green gram beans
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Green beans
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| |Chicken
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Pigeon peas
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Green peas
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Mutton
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Red lentils
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Cabbage
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Fish
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Yellow lentils
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Cauliflower
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Icecream
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Spices
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Coriander, ginger, garlic, curry leaves, lemon, green chillies
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Ghee
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Sugar
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Eggs
| 10000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Butter
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Salt
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Poha
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Colddrink
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Oil
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Semolina
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Cookies
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Flour
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Curd
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chocolates
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Rice
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Milk
| 10000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Honey
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Onion
| 10000
| {{cross}}
| Jaggery
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chips
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Tomato
| 10000
| {{tick}}
| Potato
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|}
|-
| On Day 35, host Riteish Deshmukh made free all partners from their belts.
|-
| rowspan=3|'''Captaincy Task'''
| '''Munjya'''
On Day 32, Bigg Boss called 7 captaincy contenders - Aarya, Jahnavi, Suraj, Varsha, Ankita, Vaibhav, Dhananjay in activity area where tree of Munjya was present. Captaincy contenders need to debate to in front of tree of Munjya on the point of immunity for themselves against others. In each round, 2 captaincy contenders would be taken out by majority of all captaincy contenders. Each housemate who is taken out of captaincy contendership will get 30,000 BB Currency which can they use for their team or house. In last round, Varsha, Jahnavi and Vaibhav couldn't take decision of whom to be captain by majority, Bigg Boss took votes of non-captaincy contenders and by their majority new captain was chosen.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Evicted from Captaincy
|-
| 1
| Aarya Dhananjay
|-
| 2
| Suraj Ankita
|-
| 3
| Jahnavi Vaibhav
|}
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Varsha
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Aarya, Dhananjay, Suraj, Ankita, Jahnavi, Vaibhav
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| '''''Nikki Tamboli'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Nominations'''
| On Day 29, Housemates individually will come in activity area where they need to swap one pair from danger zone to safe zone other than self pair if it is in danger zone while one pair from safe zone to danger zone. After all housemates are done with their nominations, two pairs which are present in danger zone would be nominated for weekend's eviction process. As Captain Nikki started process, there was none in danger zone she had right to put two pairs in danger zone. Also Nikki would remain captain but as she had consumed immunity in former week, she will be also in nominations.
|-
| Varsha, Ankita, Nikki & Abhijeet were nominated for fifth week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Tasks'''
| '''Maankapyacha Khajina'''
On Day 31, Bigg Boss gave task for BB Currency to housemates divided in two teams - Team A and Team B which would consist of three pairs. In each round one player from each team's player will go in tunnel to get gold coins which are valued at 2000 BB Currency while other player from pair would wait outside and collect coins alongside safeguarding it from opponent team's player. At end of task, whichever team has more BB Currency will win task and get special right. For each round, Bigg Boss will announce moderator.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Moderator of Team A
! Team A pair
! Collected gold coins
! Moderator of Team B
! Team B pair
! Collected gold coins
|-
| 1
| Nikki
| Vaibhav-Dhananjay
| 0
| Jahnavi
| Aarya-Arbaz
| 0
|-
| 2
| Pandharinath
| Nikki-Abhijeet
| 21
| Aarya
| Jahnavi-Suraj
| 36
|-
| 3
| Dhananjay
| {{nowrap|Pandharinath-Ghanshyam}}
| 23
| Arbaz
| {{nowrap|Varsha-Ankita}}
| 36
|-
! Total
! colspan=2 | Team A
! 44
! colspan=2 | Team B
! 72
|}
At the end, Team A won 88000 BB Currency while Team B won 144000 BB Currency.
After end of task, Bigg Boss opened BB Hub where lost Team A would go for shopping first with 88000 BB Currency.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
|-
| Double bed (per bed)
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cheese
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Lady finger
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Single bed (per bed)
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Split black lentils
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Fenugreek leaves
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Coffee
| |40000
| {{cross}}
| Green gram beans
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Green beans
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chicken
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Pigeon peas
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Green peas
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Mutton
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Red lentils
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cabbage
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Fish
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Yellow lentils
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cauliflower
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Icecream
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Spices
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Coriander, ginger, garlic, curry leaves, lemon, green chillies
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| |Ghee
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Sugar
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Eggs
| 20000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Butter
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Salt
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Poha
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| {{font color|red|Colddrink}}
| {{font color|red|40000}}
| {{cross}}
| Oil
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Semolina
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Cookies
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Flour
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Curd
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chocolates
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Rice
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Milk
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Honey
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Onion
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Jaggery
| 40000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chips
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Tomato
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Potato
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|}
Later, Team B went shopping with 144000 BB Currency.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
! Item
! Value
! Brought
|-
| Double bed (per bed)
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cheese
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Lady finger
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Single bed (per bed)
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Split black lentils
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Fenugreek leaves
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Coffee
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Green gram beans
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Green beans
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chicken
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Pigeon peas
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Green peas
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Mutton
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Red lentils
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cabbage
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Fish
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Yellow lentils
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Cauliflower
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Icecream
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Spices
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Coriander, ginger, garlic, curry leaves, lemon, green chillies
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| |Ghee
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Sugar
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Eggs
| 20000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Butter
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Salt
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Poha
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Colddrink
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Oil
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Semolina
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Cookies
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Flour
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Curd
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chocolates
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Rice
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Milk
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Honey
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Onion
| 20000
| {{tick}}
| Jaggery
| 40000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chips
| 40000
| {{cross}}
| Tomato
| 20000
| {{cross}}
| Potato
| 20000
| {{cross}}
|}
Later, as a winner of Team B got right to remove two pairs from Team A for Captaincy Contendership.
Team B chose Nikki-Abhijeet and Pandharinath-Ghanshyam from Team A to remove from Captaincy Contendership.
|-
| Winner - Team B - Aarya, Arbaz, Jahnavi, Suraj, Varsha and Ankita
|-
| Failed - Team A - Vaibhav, Dhananjay, Nikki, Abhijeet, Pandharinath and Ghanshyam
|-
| '''Punishments'''
| On Day 30, Bigg Boss took away captaincy contendership of Arbaz as he violated rule of damage to Bigg Boss property.
|-
| '''Activities'''
| On Day 33, Bigg Boss announced that the punishment given to Jahnavi on Bhaucha Dhakka by host Riteish was over and told captain Varsha to release her from jail while warning Jahnavi not repeat mistakes due to which punishment was given.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| '''Exits'''
| style="background:#ccc;" | No one was evicted as voting lines were closed for a weekend's eviction process.
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="15" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | Week 6
| '''Twists'''
| On Day 37, Bigg Boss gave all groceries, permission to use all beds and bathroom-toilets.
|-
| rowspan=3 | '''Captaincy Task'''
| On Day 39, Bigg Boss gave task for captaincy where four contenders for it - Varsha, Ankita, Jahnavi, Suraj will compete against each other. In garden area, there will be umbrella placed in a white box. Non-captaincy contenders in each round will press buzzer and get one time right to vote to get out one captaincy contender from task. After pressing buzzer, non-captaincy contender will rain dance while captaincy contenders will have right to cancel out non-captaincy contender right of vote by bringing umbrella in red box. If umbrella doesn't get placed in red box, non-captaincy contender will have right to vote. Captaincy contender which gets two votes will get out from captaincy. Abhijeet will assess the task.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Buzzer pressed by
! Eligible to vote
! Voted for
|-
| 1
| Dhananjay
| {{yes}}
| Jahnavi
|-
| 2
| Arbaz
| {{no}}
| {{na}}
|-
| 3
| Vaibhav
| {{no}}
| {{na}}
|-
| 4
| Nikki
| {{yes}}
| {{font color|red|Jahnavi}}
|-
| 5
| Pandharinath
| {{yes}}
| Varsha
|-
| 6
| Aarya
| {{yes}}
| Ankita
|-
| 7
| Ghanshyam
| {{yes}}
| {{font color|red|Ankita}}
|-
| 8
| Abhijeet
| {{yes}}
| {{font color|red|Varsha}}
|}
Housemates in {{font color|red|red}} got out from captaincy by getting second vote
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Suraj
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Jahnavi, Ankita, Varsha
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| '''''Varsha Usgaonkar'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Nominations'''
| On Day 36, housemates had to nominate two other housemates by tearing up their discussion paper and throwing it into dustbin.
|-
| Ghanshyam, Aarya, Dhananjay, Suraj, Nikki, Arbaz & Abhijeet were nominated for sixth week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''Tasks'''
| '''BB Farm'''
On Day 37, Bigg Boss gave a task to win special right. In this task, housemates would be divided in two teams - Team A and Team B. Both teams will collect as much milk as possible and at the end of each round whichever team has more milk in its container will win that round alongside securing 25000 BB Currency. After all rounds, whichever team has more BB Currency will win the task and get a special right. In task, there would be two boxes among which one box will have tap of milk where two members fom each team will be present to collect milk in bowl while other box will be storage box where three members will be present who would store milk in bowl and securing it. Abhijeet from Team A and Varsha from Team B will be assessors who would oversee task from red marks. During first round, due to violence happened near milk tap, BIgg Boss cancelled round and asked both teams to remove one member from their team alongside only one member from each team will be present in box where tap is there. Team A removed Arbaz while Team B removed Vaibhav from their who would be overseeing task from balcony. After round 1, second round was also cancelled due to violation of rules leading to cancellation of task. Bigg Boss revelaed that winning team would have got right to immune one member from their team for next week.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Nikki Arbaz Dhananjay Pandharinath Ghanshyam Abhijeet
| Jahnavi Vaibhav Ankita Aarya Suraj Varsha
|}
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Result
|-
| 1
| {{Cancelled}}
|-
| 2
| {{Cancelled}}
|}
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Team A - Nikki, Arbaz, Dhananjay, Pandharinath, Ghanshyam, Abhijeet & Team B - Jahnavi, Vaibhav, Ankita, Aarya, Suraj, Varsha
|-
| '''BB Bus Stop'''
On Day 38, Bigg Boss gave task for getting captaincy contendership. In this task, there would be bus stop where all housemates would be in waiting line to get ticket to bus of captaincy. All housemates would stand outside red line. After buzzer goes off, all housemates would run to secure their seats at bus stop. In each round, Bigg Boss will announce number of housemates getting out. Outgoing member will be ticketchecker who will have right to swap any member who is out with member who is in. If more than two housemates get out then by majority of out members one among them will be chosen as ticketchecker.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! No. to go out
! Remained out
! Ticketchecker
! Swapped
! Swapped with
|-
| 1
| 1
| {{font color|red|Nikki}}
| {{na}}
| {{no}}
| {{na}}
|-
| 2
| 1
| {{font color|red|Abhijeet}}
| Nikki
| {{no}}
| {{na}}
|-
| 3
| 1
| Ghanshyam
| Abhijeet
| {{yes}}
| {{font color|red|Arbaz}}
|-
| 4
| 2
| Jahnavi Varsha
| Arbaz
| {{yes}}
| {{font color|red|Pandharinath Ghanshyam}}
|-
| 5
| 2
| Ankita Suraj
| Ghanshyam
| {{yes}}
| {{font color|red|Dhananjay Aarya}}
|-
| 6
| 1
| Varsha
| Aarya
| {{yes}}
| {{font color|red|Vaibhav}}
|}
Housemates in {{font color|red|red}} got out from captaincy contendership
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Varsha, Ankita, Jahnavi, Suraj
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Nikki, Abhijeet, Arbaz, Pandharinath, Ghanshyam, Dhananjay, Aarya, Vaibhav
|-
| '''Sponsored'''
|
* On Day 39, ''Mutual Funds'' gave coin of value 50 to Suraj on becoming captain.
* On Day 41, As Ghanshyam came out of house he named nominee for his coin of value 50 to Suraj to transfer it in his ''Mutual Funds'' Investment Box.
* On Day 41, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to evicted contestant Ghanshyam Darode for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''
|-
| '''Punishments'''
| On Day 41, host Riteish gave punishment to Nikki that she can't become house captain for remaining season alongside that she can't get immunity for remaining season. Also host Riteish gave punishment to Nikki that she has to wash all the utensils without anyone's help for a week. If anyone helps her that housemate will be directly nominated by Bigg Boss or if she fails do her duty then Nikki will be directly nominated by Bigg Boss.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 41, '''Ghanshyam Darode''' became the fifth housemate to be evicted.
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="17" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | Week 7
| '''Entrances'''
| On Day 43, Sangram Chougule entered the house as the wild-card entrant. Before entering house, host Riteish Deshmukh welcomed him and introduced to all on Day 42.
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''Twists'''
| '''Jadui Vihir'''
On Day 43, Bigg Boss announced that this week there won't be any chance to win BB Currency instead of it housemates can earn all groceries, beds, bathrooms and toilets. There would be process where new entrant Sangram will conduct and he will have each pair ahead of him where he has to push minimum one housmeate out of two into swimming pool which is known as Jadui Vihir. He can also push both housemates. Whoever he pushes has to eat only boiled food throughout week alongside can't use any bed and also they can't use any furniture while those who are not pushed can use all groceries, beds, bathrooms and toilets.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Housemates
|-
| 1
| Pandharinath {{font color|red|Arbaz}}
|-
| 2
| Suraj {{font color|red|Vaibhav}}
|-
| 3
| {{font color|red|Aarya}} Jahnavi
|-
| 4
| {{font color|red|Ankita}} Varsha
|-
| 5
| {{font color|red|Dhananjay}} {{font color|red|Nikki}} Abhijeet
|}
Housemates in {{font color|red|red}} were pushed in ''Jadui Vihir''.
|-
| On Day 43, Bigg Boss sent luxury items for housemates as new housemate came in house. Luxury items were only meant for housemates who were not pushed in swimming pool.
|-
| On Day 47, Bigg Boss made available beds, furniture and normal food by cancelling earlier decision of not allowing it to housemates who were pushed in swimming pool. Bigg Boss clarified this decision was taken by taking in consideration that every one in Maharashtra can't afford two time meal and to make realize housemates regarding awareness of food.
|-
| '''Naach Gaanyacha Kalla'''
On Day 48, host Riteish Deshmukh gave task to housemates who were split in teams to earn 50,000 BB Currency for winning team to buy luxury items. Housmemates will go one on one against each other where whoever first pick prop from table which is related to song which is played.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Varsha Jahnavi Arbaz Suraj Pandharinath
| Nikki Ankita Vaibhav Abhijeet Sangram Dhananjay
|}
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Team A player
! Points
! Team B player
! Points
|-
| 1
| Arbaz
| 1
| Nikki
| 1
|-
| 2
| Jahnavi
| 1
| Abhijeet
| 2
|-
| 3
| Pandharinath
| 0
| Vaibhav
| 1
|-
| 4
| Varsha
| 2
| Dhananjay
| 0
|-
! Total
! Team A
! 4
! Team B
! 4
|}
As both teams got tied, BB Currency was split into 25,000 to each team.
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Captaincy Task'''
| On Day 46, Bigg Boss gave task for captaincy to contenders Arbaz, Vaibhav, Dhananjay, Varsha & Suraj. Diamonds are kept in different areas of house. In each round, buzzer will go off in any area of house and whichever housemate will pick diamond in that area will have right to go in activity area where Magical Book is kept. Housemate who gets diamond will then write name of one captaincy contender in magical book of whom they want to take out from captaincy.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Picked by
! Evicted
|-
| 1
| Jahnavi
| Arbaz
|-
| 2
| Vaibhav
| Suraj
|}
As physical violence was erupted between Nikki and Aarya during task, Bigg Boss cancelled task.
|-
| bgcolor=#ccc | '''''Task Cancelled'''''
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| '''''Suraj Chavan'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Nominations'''
| '''Jadui Diva'''
On Day 44, opportunity for immunity was given to housemates. Each housemate will have one photograph of other housemate hanging in their neck. Housemates need to keep magical lamp on magical stone in each round by racing towards it while minimum one housemate would be nominated in each round. At the end, whoever housemates' magical lamp isn't placed on magical stone will be nominated. In each round, Bigg Boss will announce slots open at Magical Stone. Sangram would assess the process. During process as Ankita and Dhananjay didn't have reason according to criteria to nominate Jahnavi and Abhijeet respectively, Bigg Boss cancelled those rounds while Bigg Boss announced that in next round of those two housemates will be nominated. During round three, Abhijeet, Aarya and Vaibhav didn't came to conclusion on whom to get one slot on magical stone, Bigg Boss nominated all of three housemates of whom they photograph had.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Slots
! Remained out
! Nominated
|-
| 1
| 9
| Arbaz
| {{font color|red|Varsha}}
|-
| 2
| 8
| Ankita
| {{cancelled}}
|-
| 3
| 7
| Abhijeet Aarya Vaibhav
| {{font color|red|Aarya Vaibhav Ankita}}
|-
| 4
| 5
| Dhananjay
| {{cancelled}}
|-
| 5
| 4
| Dhananjay Jahnavi
| {{font color|red|Abhijeet Nikki}}
|}
Housemates in {{font color|red|red}} were nominated.
|-
| Varsha, Aarya, Vaibhav, Ankita, Abhijeet and Nikki were nominated for seventh week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Tasks'''
| '''Jadui Topi'''
On Day 45, Bigg Boss gave task to get captaincy contendership for housemates. During task, in each round by racing towards and whoever presses buzzer would become Magical Rabbit who will have right to enter Magical Cap where they would have right to select hats of whom in that round wants to eliminate from captaincy contendership. Meanwhile, housemates from both teams will fill sacks and hook them with name written from opposing team of whom they want to make out. Abhijeet and Nikki would assess task while participating in it. Nikki as a punishment on Bhaucha Dhakka can't become captain.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Nikki Arbaz Vaibhav Dhananjay Varsha Suraj
| Abhijeet Jahnavi Sangram Pandharinath Ankita Aarya
|}
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Rabbit
! No. to out
! Out
|-
| 1
| Arbaz
| 2
| Abhijeet Sangram
|-
| 2
| Arbaz
| 2
| Aarya Jahnavi
|-
| 3
| Arbaz
| 2
| Ankita Pandharinath
|}
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Team A - Arbaz, Vaibhav, Dhananjay, Varsha, Suraj
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Team B - Abhijeet, Sangram, Aarya, Jahnavi, Ankita, Pandharinath
|-
| '''Sponsored'''
|
* On Day 45, ''Mutual Funds'' gave coin of value 50 and investment box to Sangram as a new entrant to house.
* On Day 47, ''Mutual Funds'' gave opportunity of redeeming coins to most valued housemate for choosing one luxury item out of cake, biryani and pizza each placed at 100 points. As Suraj was most valued with 150 points, he declined it.
* On Day 47, ''Haier'' installed their products QD - Mini LED TV, Vogue Series Refrigerator and Microwave in house.
* On Day 47, ''Comfort'' gave stage to all housemates where they would come one by one and tell interesting stories about their comfort in house. After completion, each housemate got hamper by ''Comfort''.
* On Day 48, As Vaibhav came out of house split his two coins of value 50 each to Arbaz and Jahnavi respectively to transfer it in their ''Mutual Funds'' Investment Box.
* On Day 48, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to evicted contestant Vaibhav Chavan for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''.
|-
| '''Punishments'''
|
* On Day 44, Bigg Boss took away all luxury items as it was used and stolen by housemates who were pushed in swimming pool.
* On Day 46, Bigg Boss gave punishments of jail to Aarya as she slapped Nikki after later provoked her. Also Bigg Boss told to Aarya that decision of her would be taken on Bhaucha Dhakka. Bigg Boss gave responsibility to last captain Suraj of maintaining Aarya in jail and keeping key with him.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| rowspan="2" | '''Exits'''
| style="background:#FFE08B" | On Day 48, '''Aarya Jadhao''' became the sixth housemate to be evicted after she was expelled from house due to physical violence.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| On Day 48, '''Vaibhav Chavan''' became the seventh housemate to be evicted.
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="17" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | Week 8
| rowspan="4" | '''Twists'''
| On Day 51, Bigg Boss stopped supply of gas while announced that beds, groceries and bathrooms will be available for free but gas services would be resumed after housemates earn BB Currency and that BB Currency will decide that how much duration would be gas services given to housemates for a week. Housemates would be paired up for each round. A full tank of water is kept in garden area. For each round, Bigg Boss will announce pair for round while also announcing roles of individual housemate in pair for that round. In a pair, one will act and tell other housemate the animal or bird which is given in picture. Like this there will three images of three different animals/birds. After identifying each animal/word, other one will go to activity area and bring that animal/bird representation. After collecting all three, fourth picture will be revealed and first housemate will enact and tell the positions of animals/birds on stage. While doing all this, water will continue to flow and it can be stopped after all things are done right. After completion, according to water level moderator will measure it and tell above which mark is the water level and according to it BB Currency will be allocated to that. For example, if water level is above 20 mark then 20,000 BB Currency while if it is below 10 mark and above 0 then 0 BB Currency will be given.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Enactor
! Guesser
! Moderator
! BB Currency
|-
| 1
| Pandharinath
| Sangram
| Ankita
| 20,000
|-
| 2
| Varsha
| Dhananjay
| Ankita
| 30,000
|-
| 2
| Jahnavi
| Arbaz
| Ankita
| 0
|-
| 4
| Nikki
| Abhijeet
| Ankita
| 20,000
|-
| 5
| Ankita
| Suraj
| Abhijeet
| 0
|}
All housemates in total earned 80,000 BB Currency. Bigg Boss set price of gas at 10,000 BB Currency per 1 hour. As there was 80,000 BB Currency, housemates got 8 hours of gas services for a week. Bigg Boss sent Bhopu by sounding which and writing on blackboard "Gas Start" will mark start of gas services while by sounding Bhopu again and writing on blackboard "Gas Close" will mark stoppage of gas services. If housemates uses gas without notifying then Bigg Boss will deduct double the time they had used it.
|-
| On Day 51, Bigg Boss gave chance to buy luxury items to housmemates and as per host Riteish Deshmukh's request Bigg Boss kept them at modest rates to buy. Bigg Boss gave chance to both teams either they can shop their teams or for whole house among which housemates chose for whole house from overall 50,000 BB Currency.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Item
! Value
! Brought
|-
| Coffee
| 10000
| {{tick}} {{tick}}
|-
| Colddrinks
| 10000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Butter
| 5000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Cheese
| 5000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Ghee
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Chocolates
| 10000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Cookies
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Icecream
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|-
| Honey
| 5000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Jaggery
| 5000
| {{cross}}
|-
| Chips
| 5000
| {{tick}}
|}
|-
| On Day 53, Sangram and Abhijeet were advised medically to take care of hand so they won't do any duty until Bigg Boss' orders.
|-
| On Day 54, Bigg Boss removed all restrictions on use of gas services while 03:35:31 hours were remaining.
|-
| rowspan=3 | '''Captaincy Task'''
| On Day 53, Bigg Boss gave task for captaincy to Arbaz, Varsha, Dhananjay and Suraj. All four captaincy contenders will have jar full of water. They also have been given some glass with it. Other housemates are given Jungle Currency for buying glass of water. After hearing chirping of birds, non-captaincy contenders need to run and press buzzer. Whoever presses buzzer first would decide rates of glass of water for each captaincy contender. Rates won't be same for two captaincy contenders. Whichever captaincy contender will have less Jungle Currency would get out from Captaincy and won't take part in further rounds. Captaincy contenders will take care of their water jars. Abhijeet and Sangram will moderate task and won't participate in tasks due to medical reasons. Every housemate got 20,000 Jugle Currency.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Buzzer pressed by
! Rates
! Rates assigned to
! Jungle Currency earned
! Eliminated
|-
| 1
| Nikki
| 500 300 200 100
| Arbaz Varsha Suraj Dhananjay
| 4000 600 0 100
| Suraj
|-
| 2
| Nikki
| 300 200 100
| Arbaz Varsha Dhananjay
| 1800 1600 1500
| Dhananjay
|-
| 3
| Nikki
| 200 100
| Arbaz Varsha
| Varsha
| 800 100
|}
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white;| Winner - Arbaz
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Suraj, Dhananjay and Varsha
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| bgcolor=#ccc| '''''None'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Nominations'''
|
On Day 50, Bigg Boss gave nomination process to two teams where they need to get more number of hunter's gun. Winner team will be safe while loser team will be nominated. Bigg Boss will announce one name from both teams where team a member will be in red box while team b member will be in blue box. Moderator will be assigned for that round while after roar of tiger whichever team member gets first hunter's gun and gets back to self box will win. Winner for each round is mandatory while whichever team has more number of points will be safe.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Arbaz Jahnavi Suraj Varsha Nikki
| Abhijeet Sangram Dhananjay Pandharinath Ankita
|}
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Team A member
! Team B member
! Moderator A
! Moderator B
! Winner
|-
| 1
| Nikki
| Ankita
| Varsha
| Dhananjay
| Nikki
|-
| 2
| Varsha
| Dhananjay
| Nikki
| Ankita
| Dhananjay
|-
| 3
| Arbaz
| Pandharinath
| Suraj
| Abhijeet
| Arbaz
|-
| 4
| Jahnavi
| Abhijeet
| Arbaz
| Pandharinath
| Abhijeet
|-
| 5
| Suraj
| Sangram
| Varsha
| Abhijeet
| Sangram
|}
|-
| Nikki, Arbaz, Jahnavi, Varsha and Suraj were nominated for eighth week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Tasks'''
| On Day 52, Bigg Boss gave task to get captaincy contendership. Bigg Boss split housemates into two teams - Team A and Team B. Both teams will name two members who would participate in that round who would be waiting for egg outside white box at main gate from where it will come. There will be nest of all captaincy contenders except Nikki who is out due to punishment given on Bhaucha Dhakka. Whichever housemate had to be emoved from captaincy contendership, egg should be kept in that housemate's nest. At end, whichever housemate's nest won't have any egg would become captaincy contender. Two members from previous round can't be repeated for next round.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Arbaz Varsha Suraj Nikki Dhananjay
| Abhijeet Ankita Sangram Jahnavi Pandharinath
|}
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Team A members
! Team B members
! Moderator A
! Moderator B
! Egg kept in
|-
| 1
| Arbaz Nikki
| Sangram Jahnavi
| Dhananjay
| Abhijeet
| Ankita Pandharinath
|-
| 2
| Dhananjay Suraj
| Ankita Abhijeet
| Varsha
| Pandharinath
| Janhavi Sangram
|-
| 3
| Arbaz Varsha
| Sangram Pandharinath
| Nikki
| Jahnavi
| Abhijeet
|}
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Team A - Suraj, Varsha, Dhananjay and Arbaz
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Team B - Ankita, Pandharinath, Janhavi, Sangram and Abhijeet
|-
| '''Sponsored'''
|
* On Day 53, ''Comfort'' gave task where housemates have to prepare mutually jingle. At the end, gift hamper will be given to them.
* On Day 53, ''Mutual Funds'' gave coin of value 50 to Arbaz on becoming captain.
* On Day 54, ''Manforce'' gave task to housemates. In this task, pairs will be made of one female member and male member. Female member will stand aside a bowl and take out chits out of it and enact a flavour which is in that chit while male member will enter in swimming pool and guess it. After guessing the flavour, male member will take that flavour's representation from pool and put it in bowl. There will be three flavours in total. Whichever pair complete task in less time would win it and get cash prize of ₹ 25,000 each. Abhijeet and Sangram will assess task and decide order of pairs.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Pair
! Time (in secs.)
|-
| Nikki-Arbaz
| 44.69
|-
| Jahnavi-Suraj
| 40.19
|-
| Ankita-Pandharinath
| 32.25
|-
| Varsha-Dhananjay
| 45.60
|}
Ankita and Pandharinath won the task and got cash prize of ₹ 25,000 each.
* On Day 56, ''Mutual Funds'' gave chance to housemates to redeem their coins in investment box and talk to their family member on video call. First preference will be given to housemate with highest points and if that housemate rejects then next housemate with highest points will have chance. If there are housemates tied on same points and they want to redeem points then housemates will decide by majority among them. All housemates rejected offer.
* On Day 56, As Arbaz came out of house he named nominee for his coins of value 200 to Nikki to transfer it in her ''Mutual Funds'' Investment Box.
|-
| '''Events'''
| On Day 55, Bigg Boss announced that host Riteish Deshmukh will be unavailable due to filming overseas while in his absence ''Maharashtracha Dhakka'' was conducted where Dr. Nilesh Sable hosted it and journalists came in house to conduct press conference.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| rowspan=2 | '''Exits'''
| style="background:#FCF" | On Day 55, '''Sangram Chougule''' became the eighth housemate to be evicted after he had to quit house due to injury to his wrist and back.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| On Day 56, '''Arbaz Patel''' became the ninth housemate to be evicted.
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | Week 9
| rowspan="3" | '''Twists'''
| On Day 57, Bigg Boss congratulated all housemates as this season became highest rated ever in history and became blockbuster season. Later, Bigg Boss announced that this season will be of 70 days not of 100 days and grand finale will be held on 6 October where one housemate will pick up coveted trophy of season.
|-
| On Day 58, Bigg Boss gave all groceries, all beds to use, all bathrooms to use and gas in free.
|-
| '''Mahachakravyuh'''
On Day 59, Bigg Boss announced that ₹ 25,00,000 will be the prize money for the winning show. But it will be 0 but it can be won back by getting it from maze created by Bigg Boss. ₹ 6,25,000 will be up for each pair where one member will go blind in maze and another member will guide from activity area. There will be 15 flags of ₹ 20,000, 2 silver bricks of ₹ 50,000 in full route and one golden brick of ₹ 2,25,000 at exit.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Guide
! Blindfold
! Won
|-
| 1
| Dhananjay
| Jahnavi
| 1,30,000
|-
| 2
| Abhijeet
| Ankita
| 3,15,000
|-
| 3
| Varsha
| Nikki
| 2,85,000
|-
| 4
| Pandharinath
| Suraj
| 1,30,000
|-
! colspan=3 | Total
! 8,60,000
|}
Prize Money to winner of season was revised to 8,60,000.
|-style="background:#cfc;"
| '''House Captain'''
| bgcolor=#ccc|'''''<s>Arbaz Patel</s> None'''''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Nominations'''
| On Day 57, Bigg Boss nominated all housemates for weekend's eviction process while Bigg Boss announced two teams - Team A and Team B whose members will show audience whom two to target from opponent team of their. Whoever they want to target would be called at target board and in middle of it will paint cross on their face.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Nikki Abhijeet Suraj Varsha
| Ankita Dhananjay Pandharinath Jahnavi
|}
|-
| Abhijeet, Ankita, Dhananjay, Jahnavi, Nikki, Pandharinath, Suraj and Varsha were nominated for ninth week's weekend eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Tasks'''
| '''BB Lagori'''
On Day 58, Bigg Boss gave task for decision of duties. Task will be contested in two teams. In each round, one member from both teams will take part in game where they need to setup Lagori according to shown on screen and also securing it will be personal responsibility of that member. Whichever team wins task will be owners and won't do any duty of house for week while losing team will be tell workers where they have to do each and every duty of house along with personal work of winning team members for a week. If any member from one of a team sets up correct lagori and keeps it safe until round ends will win 1 point for team.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Nikki Suraj Varsha Dhananjay
| Jahnavi Ankita Pandharinath Abhijeet
|}
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Team A member
! Team B member
! Moderator A
! Moderator B
! Result
|-
| 1
| Nikki
| Ankita
| Dhananjay
| Abhijeet
| Draw
|-
| 2
| Dhananjay
| Pandharinath
| Nikki
| Ankita
| Draw
|-
| 3
| Suraj
| Jahnavi
| Dhananjay
| Pandharinath
| Suraj Won
|-
| 4
| Varsha
| Ankita
| Dhananjay
| Jahnavi
| Draw
|}
Abhijeet had injury to his hand and chose Ankita to play in his place.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Team A - Nikki, Suraj, Varsha, Dhananjay
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Team B - Jahnavi, Ankita, Pandharinath, Abhijeet
|-
| '''Sponsored'''
|
* On Day 61, ''Santoor'' gave a task Young Dikho with Santoor to female housemates where they have to perform ramp walk by getting prepared with Santoor products and accessories. Before ramp walk, ad was shown. After ramp walk, female housemate will be questioned by on male housemate. Male housemates will judge the show and declare winner. Jahnavi Killekar was announced as winner of this task.
* On Day 61, ''Ching's Chinese'' gave a cooking classes to housmemates where housemates who doesn't know cooking will perform. Gas station is there in garden area. Two pairs will perform this where one member from pair will guide and another will perform cooking duty. Ankita-Pandharinath will be first pair who will make Schezwan Fried Rice with Ching's Chinese Schezwan Fried Rice Masala while Jahnavi- Dhananjay will be second pair who will make Hakka Noodles with Ching's Chinese Hakka Noodles Masala.
* On Day 63, As Pandharinath came out of house he named nominee for his coin of value 50 to Suraj to transfer it in his ''Mutual Funds'' Investment Box.
* On Day 63, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to evicted contestant Pandharinath Kamble for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''
|-
| '''Events'''
| On Day 60 & 61, Bigg Boss played freeze-release with housemates where housemates met their family members in two days.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 63, '''Pandharinath Kamble''' became the tenth housemate to be evicted.
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="20" style="background:#FCB103; color:black; " | Week 10
| '''Twists'''
| On Grand Finale, host Riteish Deshmukh entered house with offer of money to housemates. Whichever housemate chooses to get ₹ 7,00,000 money for quitting game and taking away the money bag. Later, as no one chose host added ₹ 2,00,000 to it and gave last chance to top 6 to hit buzzer else name from envelope will be revealed who has got least votes. As Jahnavi Killekar hit buzzer, she quitted game with ₹ 9,00,000 and became 5th Runner-up.
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''Ticket to Finale Task'''
| On Day 64, Ticket to Finale task was conducted between two contenders Nikki and Suraj. In this task, both have to take ring along a rod from start to end where for each time ring touch rod would penalize 30 seconds in time they have taken to complete this duration.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Round
! Contender
! Time Taken (in mins.)
|-
| 1
| Nikki
| 34:47
|-
| 2
| Suraj
| 53:35
|}
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Nikki
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Suraj
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Nominations'''
| On Day 64, As Nikki won Ticket to Finale all other housemates were nominated for tenth week's weekend eviction process by Bigg Boss.
|-
| Abhijeet, Ankita, Dhananjay, Jahnavi, Suraj and Varsha were nominated for tenth week's midweek eviction process.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Tasks'''
| On Day 64, Bigg Boss announced that lost prize money which was ₹ 16,40,000 can be earned back through Ticket to Finale. Task would be performed in two parts where first part will be -
₹ 16,40,000 has been divided in 6 parts which are 600000, 400000, 300000, 200000, 100000, 40000. Housemates would give this value by majority to each other than Nikki who is already Ticket to Finale contender.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Value
! Housemate
|-
| 6,00,000
| Suraj
|-
| 4,00,000
| Varsha
|-
| 3,00,000
| Abhijeet
|-
| 2,00,000
| Ankita
|-
| 1,00,000
| Dhananjay
|-
| 40,000
| Jahnavi
|}
Second part of task was each housemate had to collect maximum flags in less time by roaming in children's car. Whichever housemate wins this task, that housemate's value will be added to prize money and also will become ticket to finale contender. Nikki would be moderator of task.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Housemate
! Flags
! Time (in mins.)
|-
| Ankita
| 19
| 04:01
|-
| Dhananjay
| 18
| 04:46
|-
| Varsha
| 19
| 06:34
|-
| Suraj
| 20
| 04:04
|-
| Jahnavi
| 19
| 04:10
|-
| Abhijeet
| 18
| 03:56
|}
As Suraj won task, his value 6,00,000 was added to prize money which became 14,60,000 and also Suraj became Ticket to Finale contender where he would compete with Nikki to win it.
|-
! style="background:#087830;color:white; | Winner - Suraj
|-
! style="background:#CF1020;color:white;| Failed - Ankita, Jahnavi, Varsha, Abhijeet and Dhananjay
|-
| '''Sponsored'''
|
* On Day 64, ''Mutual Funds'' points were shown to all housemates. Highest points earned member would get direct chance to get contendership of Ticket To Finale and need to redeem all poits. As Nikki had 300 points, she redeemed all points and became one contender of Ticket to Finale.
* On Day 66, ''Gemini Cooking Oil'' brought Snack Cook-off Challenge where two teams will compete against each other and make snacks on their respective Gemini Cooking Stations. Team A would wear branded black apron and chef caps while Team B would wear branded white apron and chef caps. Nikki will judge over the cooking challenge and declare winning team who will get free supply of Gemini Cooking Oil for one year.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Jahnavi Abhijeet Suraj
| Ankita Dhananjay Varsha
|}
Team A - Jahnavi, Abhijeet and Suraj won challenge and got free supply of Gemini Cooking Oil for one year.
* On Day 66, ''Comfort'' brought up a ''Comfort Sniff Challenge'' where they housemates in teams would identify clothes from bunch among which clothes are washed by Comfort Fabric Conditioner and which aren't by smelling them. Dhananjay would be moderator who would decide winning team which has guessed more number of correct clothes. Each team member would guess number of clothes from bunch which are written against their name.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Abhijeet Nikki Suraj
| Varsha Ankita Jahnavi
|}
As Team A guessed 23 correct clothes compared to Team B which guessed 22., Team A won the task and Team A members Abhijeet, Nikki, Suraj got gift hampers by Comfort.
* On Day 67, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to evicted contestant Varsha Usgaonkar for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''.
* On Day 68, ''Haier'' brought up a task where housemates will compete in teams. Each team will have Haier Washing Machine, sets of glass and coloured water. Both teams have to form a structure of glasses upto 6 levels upon washing machine which will be on and fill glasses with coloured water. Whichever team completes structure first and hit the buzzer after which it should be stabilized will win task and winning team member each will get Haier Robo Vacuum Cleaner worth ₹ 25,000.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Ankita Nikki Jahnavi
| Abhijeet Dhananjay Suraj
|}
As Team A hit the buzzer first and completed structure first won the task. Team A Members Ankita, Nikki, Jahnavi got Haier Robo Vacuum Cleaner worth ₹ 25,000.
* On Day 68, ''Ching's Chinese'' brought up a challenge where two teams would make three items in which Ching's Schezwan Chutney would use as Dip, Spread and item in cooking respectively. Abhijeet and Suraj will be jusges who would taste all three items of both teams and rate them. Winning team would win Gift Hamper by ''Ching's Chinese''.
{| class="wikitable style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! Team A
! Team B
|-
| Ankita Dhananjay
| Jahnavi Nikki
|}
As Team A scored 25 while Team B scored 24, Team A won challenge. Team A members Ankita and Dhananjay got Gift Hamper by ''Ching's Chinese''.
* On Grand Finale, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to 5th Runner-up Jahnavi Killekar for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''.
* On Grand Finale, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to 4th Runner-up Ankita Prabhu-Walawalkar for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''.
* On Grand Finale, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to 3rd Runner-up Dhananjay Powar for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''.
* On Grand Finale, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to 2nd Runner-up Nikki Tamboli for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''.
* On Grand Finale, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹1,00,000 gift voucher to 1st Runner-up Abhijeet Sawant for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''.
* On Grand Finale, ''Tunwal E-Motors'' gifted electric scooty to Winner Suraj Chavhan for winning the season.
* On Grand Finale, ''P.N.Gadgil and Sons Ltd.'' gifted ₹10,00,000 gift voucher to Winner Suraj Chavhan for buying their special fashionable jewellery ''Gargi by PNG''.
|-
| '''Events'''
|
* On Day 65, Shiv Thakare entered house and announced that there would be Grand Celebrations held for all housemates. In this Grand Celebrations, host Shiv Thakare told that in history of Bigg Boss history for first time all housemates journey audio visual will be shown outside of house. All housemates were taken to The Red Bulb Studios where photoshoot was done of housemates and then host Shiv Thakare hosted Grand Celebrations with all fans in studio.
* On Day 67, DJ Kratex entered house for Bigg Boss House Party.
|-style="background:salmon;"
| '''Exits'''
| On Day 67, '''Varsha Usgaonkar''' became the eleventh housemate to be evicted.
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:gold; color: black; " |Day 70 Grand Finale
|-
! style="background:#FCF;" |5th Runner Up
! style="text- align:center;"style="background:#FCF; |Jahnavi Killekar
|-
! style="background:#FF69D4; style="text-align:center;"|4th Runner Up
! style="text- align:center;"style="background:#FF69D4; |Ankita Prabhu-Walawalkar
|-
! style="background:#DDA0DD; |3rd Runner-up
! style="background:#DDA0DD; text-align:center" |Dhananjay Powar
|-
! style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center" |2nd Runner-up
! style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center"|Nikki Tamboli
|-
! style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center" |1st Runner-up
! style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center" |Abhijeet Sawant
|-
! style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center" |Winner
! style= "background:#73FB76; text-align:center" |Suraj Chavhan
|}

==Nominations table==
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">







{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:15px;"
! style="width: 5%;" |
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 1
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 2
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 3
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 4
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 5
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 6
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 7
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 8
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 9
! colspan=3 style="background:#FFD700; width: 5%;" | Week 10 {{nowrap|Grand Finale Week}}
|-style="background:#87CEEB;"
! Nominees for Captaincy
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#ccc | ''None''
| Arbaz Nikki Vaibhav Jahnavi Ghanshyam Ankita Aarya Pandharinath Abhijeet Irina
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#ccc | ''None''
| Arbaz Nikki Jahnavi Yogita Nikhil Ghanshyam Suraj
| bgcolor=#ccc | ''None''
| Aarya Jahnavi Suraj Varsha Ankita Vaibhav Dhananjay
| Varsha Ankita Jahnavi Suraj
| Arbaz Vaibhav Dhananjay Varsha Suraj
| Suraj Nikki Varsha Arbaz
| rowspan=3 colspan=3 bgcolor=#ccc | ''None''
|-bgcolor=#cfc
! House Captain
| '''Ankita'''
| '''<s>Arbaz</s> Nikki'''
| '''Nikki'''
| '''Varsha'''
| '''Suraj'''
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#ccc | ''None''
| '''<s>Arbaz</s>'''
|-
! Captain's Nominations
| Pandharinath-Yogita Suraj-Nikhil
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{sup|1}}Vaibhav-Dhananjay Jahnavi-Suraj (to evict)
| Dhananjay Suraj
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| bgcolor=#ccc | ''None''
|-
| colspan="13" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Vote to:
! colspan=2 | Evict
! Power Card
! Evict
! Evict/Save
! Evict
! Evict/Save
! Task
! Evict
! ''None''
! colspan=2 | '''''WIN'''''
|-
| colspan="13" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Suraj
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Pandharinath-Yogita Nikki-Ghanshyam
| bgcolor=#959FFD|''Nominated''
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{sup|6}}Vaibhav-Dhananjay (to save) Arbaz-Aarya (to evict)
| Nikki Ghanshyam
| bgcolor=#cfc|''House Captain''
| {{Lost}}
| bgcolor=#959FFD |Jahnavi Dhananjay
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| style="background:#73FB76;" |'''''Winner''''' (Day 70)
|-
! Abhijeet
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Pandharinath-Yogita Nikki-Ghanshyam
| bgcolor=#959FFD | Pandharinath (to save) ''Swapped with Ghanshyam by Vaibhav''
| Vaibhav
| {{sup|11}}Ankita-Varsha (to save) Vaibhav-Dhananjay (to evict)
| Aarya Ghanshyam
| Aarya (to evict)
| {{won}}
| bgcolor=#959FFD |Jahnavi Pandharinath
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''''1st Runner-up''''' (Day 70)
|-
! Nikki
| Varsha Dhananjay
| Abhijeet-Aarya Suraj-Nikhil
| bgcolor=#FBF373|''Saved by Arbaz''
| colspan=2 bgcolor=#cfc|''House Captain''
| Dhananjay Aarya
| Pandharinath (to save)
| {{Lost}}
| bgcolor=#959FFD |Jahnavi Ankita
| bgcolor=#FBF373 |''Ticket to Finale''
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''''2nd Runner-up''''' (Day 70)
|-
! Dhananjay
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Pandharinath-Yogita Suraj-Nikhil
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{sup|4}}Nikki-Abhijeet (to save) Pandharinath-Ghanshyam (to evict)
| Ghanshyam Aarya
| Abhijeet (to evict)
| {{won}}
| bgcolor=#959FFD |Varsha Nikki
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| style="background:#DDA0DD;|'''''3rd Runner-up''''' (Day 70)
|-
! Ankita
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| bgcolor=#cfc|''House Captain''
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{sup|3}}Jahnavi-Suraj (to save) Vaibhav-Dhananjay (to evict)
| Ghanshyam Suraj
| Jahnavi (to save)
| {{won}}
| bgcolor=#959FFD |Nikki Suraj
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FF69B4" |'''''4th Runner-up''''' (Day 70)
|-
! Jahnavi
| Ankita Suraj
| Pandharinath-Yogita Suraj-Nikhil
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Aarya
| {{sup|2}}Vaibhav-Dhananjay (to save) Nikki-Abhijeet (to evict)
| Ghanshyam Suraj
| Nikki (to evict)
| {{Lost}}
| bgcolor=#959FFD |Nikki Abhijeet
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FCF" |{{nowrap|'''''Walked, 5th Runner-up''''' (Day 70)}}
|-
! Varsha
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{nowrap|Pandharinath-Yogita}} Suraj-Nikhil
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{sup|5}}Pandharinath-Ghanshyam (to save) Nikki-Abhijeet (to evict)
| bgcolor=#cfc|''House Captain''
| Dhananjay (to save)
| {{Lost}}
| bgcolor=#959FFD |Dhananjay Pandharinath
| bgcolor=#959FFD |''Nominated''
| colspan=2 style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 67)
|-
! Pandharinath
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Suraj-Nikhil Nikki-Ghanshyam
| bgcolor=#FBF373|''Saved by Abhijeet''
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{sup|7}}Arbaz-Aarya (to save) Vaibhav-Dhananjay (to evict)
| Arbaz Ghanshyam
| Arbaz (to save)
| {{won}}
| bgcolor=#959FFD |Nikki Varsha
| colspan=3 style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 63)
|-
! Arbaz
| Ankita Yogita Purushottam Pandharinath
| Pandharinath-Yogita Suraj-Nikhil
| Nikki (to save)
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{sup|9}}Vaibhav-Dhananjay (to save) Ankita-Varsha (to evict)
| Aarya Dhananjay
| Varsha (to evict)
| {{Lost}}
| colspan="4" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 56)
|-
! Sangram
| colspan=6 {{n/a|''Not In House''}}
| bgcolor=#FBF373|''Immuned''
| {{won}}
| colspan="4" style="background:#FCF;" |'''''Walked''''' (Day 55)
|-
! Vaibhav
| Yogita Varsha Suraj
| Pandharinath-Yogita Suraj-Nikhil
| Ghanshyam (to save) Abhijeet (to evict)
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| {{sup|10}}{{nowrap|Pandharinath-Ghanshyam}} (to save) Nikki-Abhijeet (to evict)
| Nikki Aarya
| Ankita (to evict)
| colspan="5" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 48)
|-
! Aarya
| Purushottam
| Pandharinath-Yogita Nikki-Ghanshyam
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Irina
| {{sup|8}}Nikki-Abhijeet (to save) Pandharinath-Ghanshyam (to evict)
| Abhijeet Ghanshyam
| Vaibhav (to evict)
| colspan="5" style="background:#FFE08B" |'''''Ejected''''' (Day 48)
|-
! Ghanshyam
| Dhananjay
| Abhijeet-Aarya Suraj-Nikhil
| bgcolor=#FBF373|''Swapped with Abhijeet by Vaibhav''
| Abhijeet
| {{sup|12}}Vaibhav-Dhananjay (to save) Ankita-Varsha (to evict)
| Aarya Dhananjay
| colspan="6" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 41)
|-
! Irina
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Pandharinath-Yogita Suraj-Nikhil
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| colspan="8" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 28)
|-
! Yogita
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Suraj-Nikhil Nikki-Ghanshyam
| bgcolor=#959FFD|''Nominated''
| colspan="9" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 21)
|-
! Nikhil
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| Pandharinath-Yogita Nikki-Ghanshyam
| bgcolor=#959FFD|''Nominated''
| colspan="9" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 21)
|-
! Purushottam
| bgcolor=#ccc |''Not eligible''
| colspan="11" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''''Evicted''''' (Day 7)
|-
| colspan="13" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Notes
| [[#endnote 1|1]]
| [[#endnote 2|2]]
| [[#endnote 3|3]], [[#endnote 4|4]]
| [[#endnote 5|5]]
| [[#endnote 6|6]]
| [[#endnote 7|7]]
| [[#endnote 8|8]]
| [[#endnote 9|9]]
| [[#endnote 10|10]]
| [[#endnote 11|11]]
| colspan=2 |[[#endnote 12|12]]
|- style="background:#B2FFFF"
! Nominated for eviction
| Ankita Yogita Varsha Purushottam Suraj Dhananjay
| Pandharinath Yogita Suraj Nikhil Nikki Ghanshyam
| <s>Pandharinath</s> Suraj Yogita Nikhil <s>Nikki Ghanshyam</s> Abhijeet
| Aarya Irina Abhijeet Vaibhav
| Varsha Ankita Nikki Abhijeet
| Ghanshyam Aarya Dhananjay Suraj Nikki Arbaz Abhijeet
| Varsha Aarya Vaibhav Ankita Abhijeet Nikki
| Nikki Arbaz Jahnavi Varsha Suraj
| Abhijeet Ankita Jahnavi Dhananjay Nikki Pandharinath Varsha Suraj
| Abhijeet Ankita Dhananjay Jahnavi Suraj Varsha
| colspan=2 | ''Nikki Abhijeet Suraj Jahnavi Dhananjay Ankita''
|-
|- style="background:#FFE08B" |
! Ejected
| colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| '''Aarya'''
| style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
|-
|- style="background:#fcf" |
! Walked
| style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| '''Sangram'''
|-
|- style="background:#FA8072;" |
! rowspan="6" | Evicted
| rowspan="6" |'''Purushottam'''
| rowspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| rowspan="3" |'''Nikhil'''
| rowspan="6" |'''Irina'''
| rowspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5;" | ''None''
| rowspan="6" |'''Ghanshyam'''
| rowspan="6" |'''Vaibhav'''
| rowspan="6" |'''Arbaz'''
| rowspan="6" |'''Pandharinath'''
| rowspan="6" |'''Varsha'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FCF;" |'''Jahnavi'''
|-
| colspan=2 style="background:#FF69B4;" |'''Ankita'''
|-
| colspan=2 style="background:#DDA0DD;" |'''Dhananjay'''
|-
| style="background:#FA8072;" rowspan="3" |'''Yogita'''
| colspan=2 style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''Nikki'''
|-
| colspan=2 style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''Abhijeet'''
|-
| colspan=2 style="background:#73FB76;" |'''Suraj'''
|}
</blockquote>
'''Color keys'''
: {{Color box|#cfc}} indicates the House Captain.
: {{Color box|#C2DFFF}} indicates the nominees for house captaincy.
: {{Color box|#FBF373|border=black}} indicates that the Housemate was safe prior to nominations.
: {{Color box|#959FFD}} indicates that the Housemate was directly nominated for eviction before the regular nominations process.
: {{Color box|#73FB76}} indicates the winner.
: {{Color box|#D1E8EF}} indicates the first runner-up.
: {{Color box|#7FFFD4}} indicates the second runner-up.
: {{Color box|#DDA0DD}} indicates the third runner-up.
: {{Color box|#FF69B4}} indicates the fourth runner-up.
: {{Color box|#DAFF99}} indicates that the contestant has re-entered the house.
: {{Color box|#fcf}} indicates that the contestant walked out of the show.
: {{Color box|#FFE08B}} indicates that the contestant was ejected from the house.
: {{Color box|salmon}} indicates that the contestant was evicted.

'''Nomination notes'''
* {{note|1|1}}: On Day 2, every housemate had to win power of nomination by winning in particular round in which set of three housemates was against nomination among which one will be nominated. After nominating once, winner of round would allocate another housemate who would get power of nomination. In last round, set of four will be up amongst them two will be nominated.
* {{note|2|2}}: On Day 9, housemates would nominate two pairs for eviction in pair itself by coming on mutual decision.
* {{note|3|3}}: On Day 14, Host Riteish Deshmukh announced that there was no eviction in second week so all nominated contestants were carried forward and got directly nominated.
* {{note|4|4}}: On Day 16, Arbaz and Abhijeet got to use power cards where they chose Vote to Save Power Card while Vaibhav as chosen by winning team of weekly task got to use Replace Someone from Nominations Power Card.
* {{note|5|5}}: On Day 24, Photographs of each housemate was given to other housemate. Any housemate can directly nominate the other housemate of whose photo they have.
* {{note|6|6}}: On Day 29, Housemates individually will swap one pair from danger zone to safe zone other than self pair if it is in danger zone while one pair from safe zone to danger zone. After all housemates are done with their nominations, two pairs which are present in danger zone would be nominated As Captain Nikki started process, there was none in danger zone she had right to put two pairs in danger zone. Also Nikki would remain captain but as she had consumed immunity in former week, she will be also in nominations.
* {{note|7|7}}: On Day 36, housemates would nominate two housemates for eviction.
* {{note|8|8}}: On Day 44, Photographs of each housemate was given to other housemate. Any housemate who wants to immune the housemate of whom photo they had while they can also nominate them while from immunity by placing away their lamp on immunity stone.
* {{note|9|9}}: On Day 50, task was conducted in which housemates were divided in teams. Team whichever wins will be safe while team that loses task will be nominated.
* {{note|10|10}}: On Day 57, Bigg Boss nominated all housemates and later divided housemates in two teams where they had to target two housemates from opponent team.
* {{note|11|11}}: On Day 64, Nikki won Ticket to Finale and became first finalist while all other housemateswere nominated for midweek eviction process by Bigg Boss.
* {{note|12|12}}: On Day 67, Bigg Boss nominated all top 6 housemates for winning the season.

==Guest appearances==
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;font-size:85%; background: white; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%;"
! bgcolor="#FCB103" |'''Week(s)'''
! bgcolor="#FCB103" |'''Day(s)'''
! bgcolor="#FCB103" |'''Guest(s)'''
! bgcolor="#FCB103" |'''Note(s)'''
! bgcolor="#FCB103" |'''Ref.'''
|-
!2
|14
| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Fardeen Khan]], [[Vaani Kapoor]], [[Taapsee Pannu]], [[Ammy Virk]], [[Aditya Seal]] and [[Pragya Jaiswal]]
| To promote their film ''[[Khel Khel Mein (2024 film)|Khel Khel Mein]]''.
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 5: Akshay Kumar reunites with Varsha Usgaonkar after 20 years on the reality show; says 'You Haven't Changed a Bit' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-5-akshay-kumar-reunites-with-varsha-usgaonkar-after-20-years-on-the-reality-show-says-you-havent-changed-a-bit/articleshow/112473670.cms |access-date=2024-09-06 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
!3
|21
| [[Akshay Kelkar]], Gayatri Datar and Payal Jadhav
| To promote their TV series ''[[Abeer Gulal]]''.
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='बिग बॉस मराठी'च्या घरात गुलिगत सूरज चव्हाणच्या बहिणीची एन्ट्री, बांधणार राखी |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-marathi-new-season-5-abeer-gulal-team-in-bhaucha-dhakka-tv-serial-fame-shree-aka-payal-jadhav-tie-rakhi-on-suraj-chavan-hand-marathi-news-1306510 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |date=18 August 2024 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" |4
| rowspan="2" |28
| Roomani Khare, Ambar Ganpule and Shilpa Navalkar
| To promote their TV series ''Durga''
|
|-
| [[Kangana Ranaut]] and [[Shreyas Talpade]]
| To promote their film ''[[Emergency (2024 film)|Emergency]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-25 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 5: Emergency Stars Kangana Ranaut-Shreyas Talpade To Have Fun Time With Riteish Deshmukh - Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/bigg-boss-marathi-5-emergency-stars-kangana-ranaut-shreyas-talpade-to-have-fun-time-with-riteish-deshmukh-watch-article-112781732/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=[[Times Now News]]}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="6" |6
| rowspan="6" |42
| [[Salim–Sulaiman|Salim Merchant]], Saurabh Abhyankar, Karan Kanchan
| To promote their song ''Morya''
|
|-
| Dr. Utkarsh Shinde
| To celebrate ''[[Ganesh Chaturthi|Ganeshotsav]]'' with housemates and give gifts to housemates.
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=गुलिगत सूरज चव्हाणला 'शिंदे शाही' कुटुंबाकडून खास गिफ्ट! आनंद शिंदे गाणार तर सूरज नाचणार... |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-suraj-chavan-gets-gifts-from-anand-shinde-shinde-shahi-parivar-announce-by-utkarsh-shinde-1311708/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |date=9 September 2024 |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| [[Anita Date-Kelkar]] and [[Sandeep Pathak (actor)|Sandeep Pathak]]
| To celebrate ''[[Ganesh Chaturthi|Ganeshotsav]]'' with housemates and promote their TV series ''Indrayani''.
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-09 |title='नाव मोठं लक्षण खोटं'; निक्कीने अभिजीतवर साधला निशाणा |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/bigg-boss-marathi-5-nikki-tamboli-targets-abhijeet-sawant-a-a603/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| Sanmita Dhapte-Shinde and Akshaya Iyer
| To celebrate ''[[Ganesh Chaturthi|Ganeshotsav]]'' by performing musical fest.
|
|-
| Santosh Chaudhari
| rowspan="2" | To celebrate ''[[Ganesh Chaturthi|Ganeshotsav]]'' with housemates by performing in-house.
|
|-
| Prasenjit Kosambi and Ravindra Khomane
|
|-
! rowspan="12" | 8
| 55
| rowspan=2 | [[Nilesh Sable|Dr. Nilesh Sable]]
| To entertain housemates, conduct ''Maharashtracha Dhakka'' with journalists and host ''Bhaucha Dhakka'' in absence of host
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-21 |title=Bigg Boss Marathi 5: Nilesh Sable Steps In As Host Riteish Deshmukh's Replacement |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bigg-boss-marathi-5-nilesh-sable-steps-in-as-host-riteish-deshmukhs-replacement-9058818.html |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 56
| To host ''Bhaucha Dhakka'' in absence of Riteish Deshmukh.
|
|-
| [[Ashok Saraf]], [[Supriya Pilgaonkar]], and [[Swapnil Joshi]]
| To promote their film ''[[Navra Maza Navsacha 2]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date= 22 September 2024|title=Video: 'नवरा माझा नवसाचा २' चित्रपटाच्या टीमबरोबर 'बिग बॉस मराठी'च्या सदस्यांचा जबरदस्त डान्स, पाहा व्हिडीओ |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-contestants-dance-with-navra-maza-navsacha-2-team-watch-video-pps-98-4608798/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Sharad Upadhye
|To entertain housemates by predicting their future
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-28 |title=Video: 'बिग बॉस मराठी'च्या घरात आले शरद उपाध्ये, सूरजच्या लग्नाचा प्रश्न विचारताच दिलं जबरदस्त उत्तर, म्हणाले… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/sharad-upadhye-entry-in-bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-new-promo-out-watch-pps-98-4620983/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |59
|Manisha Usgaonkar
|To meet her sister Varsha
|
|-
|Shilpa Sawant
|To meet her husband Abhijeet
|
|-
|Kiran Killekar and Ishaan Killekar
|To meet his wife and mother
|
|-
|Kalyani Powar
|To meet her husband Dhananjay
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |60
|Rutuja Walawalkar, Prajakta Walawalkar and Pramod Walawalkar
|To meet their sister and daughter Ankita
|
|-
|Grishma Kamble
|To meet her father Pandharinath
|
|-
|Pramila Tamboli and Digambar Tamboli
|To meet their daughter Nikki
|
|-
|Suraj's sister and Aunt
|To meet Suraj
|
|-
! rowspan="5" | 9
|62
|[[Rakhi Sawant]], Abhijeet Bichukale, and Anil Thatte
|To entertain housemates in Freeze Release Task
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=बिचुकलेने केली निक्कीची पाठराखण तर राखीने मारले टोमणे; बिग बॉसच्या घरात एक्स-स्पर्धकांचा कल्ला |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-marathi/bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-episode-update-rakhi-sawant-abhijeet-bichukle-and-anil-thatte-in-bbm-5/articleshow/113770358.cms |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |63
|[[Nilesh Sable|Dr. Nilesh Sable]]
|To host ''Bhaucha Dhakka'' in absence of Riteish Deshmukh
|
|-
|[[Prajakta Mali]], [[Gashmeer Mahajani]]
|To promote their film ''[[Phullwanti]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-29 |title=बिग बॉस मराठीमध्ये फुलवंती टीमची हजेरी, अभिजीत बनला रॅपर तर निक्कीच्या लावणीवर गश्मीर घायाळ |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/gashmeer-mahajani-and-prajakta-mali-emters-in-bigg-boss-marathi-season-5-house-abhijeet-sawant-become-rapper-nikki-perform-lavani-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[Adinath Kothare]], [[Subodh Bhave]]
|To promote their film ''[[Paani (film)|Paani]]''
|
|-
|Suparna Shyam, Rohit Chavan, and Snehal Shidam
|To entertain housemates
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |10
|65
|[[Shiv Thakare]]
|To host ''Grand Celebrations''
|
|-
|67
|Krunal Ghorpade (DJ Kratex)
|For BB House Party
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |68
|Shashwati Pimplikar, Aishwarya Shete, Prajakta Parab, Aakanksha Gade and Vidisha Mhaskar
|To promote their TV series ''Pinga Ga Pori Pinga''
|
|-
|[[Amruta Khanvilkar]] and [[Amey Wagh]]
|To promote their film ''[[Like Aani Subscribe]]''
|
|-
| 69
| [[Varsha Usgaonkar]], Pandharinath Kamble, Arbaz Patel, Vaibhav Chavan, Ghanshyam Darode, Irina Rudakova, Yogita Chavan, Nikhil Damle, Purushottam Dada Patil and [[Sangram Chougule]]
| For get together with housemates
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |Grand Finale
| rowspan="4" |70
|[[Salman Khan]]
|For congratulatory message to host Riteish Deshmukh and promote ''Bigg Boss 18''
|
|-
|Adinath Salvi
|To predict future of finalists
|
|-
|Pooja Kale
|To promote her TV series ''Aai Tulja Bhavani''
|
|-
|[[Alia Bhatt]], [[Vedang Raina]] and [[Vasan Bala]]
|To promote their film ''[[Jigra]]'' & to carry out top 3 eviction
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb episodes|9673434}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss Marathi seasons|05]]
[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors Marathi original programming]]

Abhanpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:22:17Z

Samyakk clothing: stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Abhanpur
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 53
| district = [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| mla = Indra Kumar Sahu
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:214002}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| map_image= Abhanpur Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Abhanpur''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in| access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chhattisgarh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/chhattisgarh2013/|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|accessdate=25 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency|website=CEO CG|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=25 July 2018}}</ref> It is in [[Raipur district|Raipur]] district. The seat has formed after the demolition of Raipur Town Vidhansabha Constituency in 2008. As of 2023, it is represented by [[Indra Kumar Sahu]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].{{update after|2029|1}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2 | Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| colspan="4" |''Prior to 1961: Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|[[Lakhanlal Gupta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|N. R. Panchhiram
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="2" |Chetram Parshottam
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Tetku
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandra Shekhar Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhanendra Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Dhanendra Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Chandra Shekhar Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhanendra Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Constituency: Abhanpur (53)|website=Empowering India Org }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raipur-Rural(Chhattisgarh) Assembly Constituency Elections |url=http://www.elections.in/chhattisgarh/assembly-constituencies/Abhanpur.html |website=Elections IN |accessdate=25 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731163936/http://www.elections.in/chhattisgarh/assembly-constituencies/abhanpur.html |archive-date=31 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywisewinresult-369S26.htm}}</ref>
| [[Indra Kumar Sahu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Abhanpur<ref>{{cite news |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywiseresult-S26.htm |title= General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results Dec-2023, Chhattisgarh |access-date=11 December 2025 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203062041/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywiseresult-S26.htm}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Indra Kumar Sahu]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=93,295 |percentage=52.61% |change={{increase}}19.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhanendra Sahu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=77,742 |percentage=43.84% |change={{decrease}}4.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Makhan Lal Tamrakar |party=Janta Congress Chhattisgarh |votes=2,379 |percentage=1.34% |change={{decrease}}11.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,087 |percentage=1.18% |change={{decrease}}0.70 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,553 |percentage=8.77% |change= {{decrease}}5.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,77,340 |percentage=83.92% |change= {{increase}}0.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,14,002 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.17 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.65 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Abhanpur<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/chhattisgarh/seat-change|title=Chhattisgarh Assembly Elections Seat Wise Results 2018|last1=NDTV|date=2018|work=|accessdate=13 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013175629/https://www.ndtv.com/elections/chhattisgarh/seat-change|archivedate=13 October 2023|language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhanendra Sahu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=76,761 |percentage=47.96% |change={{decrease}}0.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Chandra Shekhar Sahu]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=53,290 |percentage=33.30% |change={{decrease}}8.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dayaram Nishad |party=Janta Congress Chhattisgarh |votes=21,324 |percentage=13.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=3,005 |percentage=1.88% |change={{decrease}}1.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bramhanand Sahu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,249 |percentage=1.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shweta Rakesh Sahu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,040 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,471 |percentage=14.66% |change= {{increase}}8.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,60,050 |percentage=84.04% |change= {{increase}}0.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,94,246 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.42 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.07 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Abhanpur<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/CGAE_2013_stat_report.pdf |title=Statistical Report On General Election, 2013 To The Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712172504/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/CGAE_2013_stat_report.pdf }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhanendra Sahu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=67,926 |percentage=48.03% |change={{increase}}2.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Chandra Shekhar Sahu]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=59,572 |percentage=42.12% |change={{decrease}}4.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Radhakrishna Tandon |party=Chattisgarh Swabhiman Manch |votes=8,134 |percentage=5.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=4,071 |percentage=2.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hemant Kumar Tandon |party=Independent politician |votes=2,497 |percentage=1.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yaujy Singh Sonwani |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,186 |percentage=0.84% |change={{decrease}}1.77 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,354 |percentage=5.91% |change= {{increase}}4.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,41,431 |percentage=84.24% |change= {{increase}}5.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,72,782 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.27 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Abhanpur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 31 December 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Chandra Shekhar Sahu]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=56,249 |percentage=46.76% |change={{increase}}2.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhanendra Sahu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=54,759 |percentage=45.52% |change={{increase}}1.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shailendra Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,140 |percentage=2.61% |change={{increase}}0.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hemant Kumar Tandan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,791 |percentage=2.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rekhram Chturwedani |party=Independent politician |votes=1,129 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,490 |percentage=1.24% |change= {{increase}}1.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,20,302 |percentage=76.49% |change= {{decrease}}5.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,57,297 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.35 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.43 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Abhanpur<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh |url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_CHH_Nov2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081955/https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_CHH_Nov2003.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dhanendra Sahu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=51,122 |percentage=44.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Chandra Shekhar Sahu]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=50,895 |percentage=44.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kailash Mishra |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=5,519 |percentage=4.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Amar Singh Nishad |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,934 |percentage=2.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tikendra Thakur |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=2,291 |percentage=1.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hemant Kumar Tandon |party=Independent politician |votes=1,615 |percentage=1.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shekhu Ram Banjare |party=Independent politician |votes=957 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=227 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,15,333 |percentage=81.64% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,41,268 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Raipur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.05|81.74|display=title}}

[[Category:Raipur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Bhawanathpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:16:52Z

Samyakk clothing: creating - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jharkhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{about|the constituency |other uses|Bhawana (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| name = Bhawanathpur
| map_image = Bhawanathpur constituency map.svg
| state = [[Jharkhand]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Palamu Lok Sabha constituency|Palamu]]
| district = [[Garhwa district|Garhwa]]
| established = 2000
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| mla = [[Anant Pratap Deo]]
| party = {{Party index link|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}
| electors = {{formatnum:378363}}
| constituency_no = 81
}}
'''Bhawanathpur''' is one of the 81 [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in eastern [[India]].<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=173–4}}</ref>

==Overview==
Bhawanathpur (constituency number 81) is one of the two [[Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in [[Garhwa district]]. It is one of the Assembly segments of the [[Palamu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamu Lok Sabha constituency]] along with 5 other segments, namely, [[Garhwa Assembly constituency|Garhwa]] in this district and [[Daltonganj Assembly constituency|Daltonganj]], [[Bishrampur Assembly constituency|Bishrampur]], [[Chhatarpur (Jharkhand Assembly constituency)|Chhatarpur]] and [[Hussainabad Assembly constituency|Hussainabad]] in [[Palamu district]].<ref name="ceo"/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 1957: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Jadunandan Tiwari{{Efn|Two member constituency|name=TwoMembers}}
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Ramdini Chamar{{Efn|name=TwoMembers}}
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|rowspan=2|Shankar Pratap Deo
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Hemendra Pratap
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Shankar Pratap Deo
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ram Chandra Prasad Keshri
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Shankar Pratap Deo
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Raj Rajendra Pratap Deo
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan="2"|Girwar Pandey
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|Ram Chandra Prasad Keshri
|{{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|[[Bhanu Pratap Sahi]]<ref name=election2005>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
| [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|[[Anant Pratap Deo]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=2| [[Bhanu Pratap Sahi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Navjawan Sangharsh Morcha}}
|-
| [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Anant Pratap Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhawanathpur<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anant Pratap Deo]] |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=1,46,265 |percentage=48.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhanu Pratap Shahi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,24,803 |percentage=41.37% |change={{increase}}3.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rahul Prasad Gupta |party=Independent politician |votes=5,946 |percentage=1.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Baitha |party=Independent politician |votes=5,087 |percentage=1.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pankaj Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,744 |percentage=1.24% |change={{decrease}}21.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bisheswar Mehta |party=Independent politician |votes=2,861 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Naresh Yadav |party=Independent politician |votes=1,827 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,244 |percentage=0.41% |change={{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,462 |percentage=7.12% |change= {{decrease}}8.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,01,643 |percentage=68.51% |change= {{increase}}0.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,40,321 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.38 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}10.60 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhawanathpur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhanu Pratap Sahi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=96,818 |percentage=37.89% |change={{increase}}11.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sogra Bibi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=56,914 |percentage=22.28% |change={{increase}}0.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anant Pratap Deo]] |party=Independent politician |votes=53,050 |percentage=20.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kedar Prasad Yadav |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,895 |percentage=4.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Kumar Keshri |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=3,876 |percentage=1.52% |change={{decrease}}3.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rekha Choubey |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=3,625 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rameshwar Prasad Akela |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,565 |percentage=1.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,163 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=39,904 |percentage=15.62% |change= {{increase}}14.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,55,498 |percentage=67.53% |change= {{decrease}}0.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,78,363 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.68 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Navjawan Sangharsh Morcha |swing= {{increase}}10.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhawanathpur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhanu Pratap Sahi]] |party=Navjawan Sangharsh Morcha |votes=58,908 |percentage=27.79% |change={{increase}}7.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anant Pratap Deo]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=56,247 |percentage=26.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tahir Ansari |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=45,523 |percentage=21.48% |change={{increase}}12.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kedar Prasad Yadav |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=20,546 |percentage=9.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramchandra Keshri |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=11,308 |percentage=5.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi Kumar Dwivedi |party=Rashtriya Mazdoor Kisan Prajatantrik Party |votes=3,366 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakshman Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,123 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,661 |percentage=1.26% |change= {{decrease}}12.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,11,953 |percentage=68.16% |change= {{increase}}6.13 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,10,943 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.31 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Navjawan Sangharsh Morcha |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.89 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhawanathpur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anant Pratap Deo]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=54,690 |percentage=34.68% |change={{increase}}14.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhanu Pratap Sahi]] |party=Navjawan Sangharsh Morcha |votes=32,522 |percentage=20.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sogara Bibi |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation |votes=20,901 |percentage=13.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kedar Prasad Yadav |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=14,293 |percentage=9.06% |change={{decrease}}1.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramchandra Keshri |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=11,546 |percentage=7.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Basant Kumar Yadav |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=3,026 |percentage=1.92% |change={{decrease}}9.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Kumar Chaubey |party=Independent politician |votes=2,118 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,168 |percentage=14.06% |change= {{increase}}10.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,57,697 |percentage=62.03% |change= {{increase}}6.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,54,216 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}12.88 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Forward Bloc |swing= {{increase}}11.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhawanathpur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhanu Pratap Sahi]] |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=38,090 |percentage=23.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anant Pratap Deo]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,040 |percentage=20.46% |change={{decrease}}4.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Moh. Yasin Ansari |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=17,897 |percentage=11.09% |change={{decrease}}11.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharmendra Pratap Deo |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=16,325 |percentage=10.11% |change={{increase}}5.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sharda Mahesh Pratap Deo |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,826 |percentage=5.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheo Pujan Yadav |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=8,006 |percentage=4.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Giriwar Pandey |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=7,658 |percentage=4.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,050 |percentage=3.13% |change= {{decrease}}3.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,61,448 |percentage=55.33% |change= {{decrease}}4.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,91,800 |ref = |change= {{increase}}43.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Forward Bloc |loser=Samata Party |swing= {{decrease}}8.11 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2000===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhawanathpur<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar |access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramchandra Keshri |party=Samata Party |votes=38,350 |percentage=31.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anant Pratap Deo]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,995 |percentage=24.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Md. Yasin Ansari |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=27,593 |percentage=22.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Giriwar Pandey |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=9,308 |percentage=7.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Chandra Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=6,148 |percentage=5.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakshman Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist) Liberation |votes=3,262 |percentage=2.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surendra Prasad Gupta |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=1,654 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,355 |percentage=6.91% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,20,977 |percentage=60.45% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,03,757 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Samata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Garhwa district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}
{{coord|24.39|83.57|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Garhwa district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]

Anubha Munjare

2026-04-18T22:07:39Z

Samyakk clothing: new - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Anubha Munjare
| image =
| office = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| constituency = [[Balaghat Assembly constituency|Balaghat]]
| predecessor = [[Gaurishankar Bisen]]
| successor =
| birth_date = 20-11-1967
| birth_place = [[JABALPUR]] [[Madhya Pradesh]] [[INDIA]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| education = [[Master of Arts]]
| alma_mater = [[Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya]]
| spouse = Shree Kankar Munjare
| children = 2
| source = https://www.instagram.com/anubhamunjareofficial?igsh=amYycTZ6cmlidndo&utm_source=qr
}}

'''Anubha Munjare''' (born 1967)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]]. She is a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing the [[Indian National Congress]] from [[Balaghat Assembly constituency]] in [[Balaghat district]]. She won the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-elections/anubha-munjare-candidate-25653</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anubha Munjare Election Results 2023: News, Votes, Results of Madhya-pradesh Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/anubha-munjare-12111-2 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> She is a member and general secretary of [[Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee|Madhya Pradesh congress committee]].

== Early life and education ==
Munjare was born in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to Satyendra and Snehlata Verma. Her father was a police inspector in Madhya Pradesh police and mother was a housewife. She completed her M.A. from [[Rani Durgavati University|Rani Durgawati University]], [[Jabalpur]] in 1987. Later, she did B.Ed. also from Rani Durgawati University in 1989.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anubha Munjare(Samajwadi Party(SP)):Constituency- BALAGHAT(BALAGHAT) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=2945 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Anubha started her political career when she was elected as a corporator of Balaghat municipal council. Then she won the election of the president of [[Balaghat|Balaghaat]] municipal council as an independent candidate in 1999. She again won the election of the president as an independent candidate in 2002 and 2007 as well. the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Balaghat Assembly constituency]] defeating [[Gaurishankar Bisen]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a margin of 29,195 votes.<ref name="Madya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023 - Balaghat">{{cite news |date=3 December 2023 |title=Madya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023 - Balaghat |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S12111.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305081801/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S12111.htm |archivedate=5 March 2025 |accessdate=5 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Balaghat Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news |date=3 December 2023 |title=Balaghat Constituency Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/balaghat |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305081805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituency-show/balaghat |archivedate=5 March 2025 |accessdate=5 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Earlier in the [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], she lost to Bisen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=anubha munjare madhya-pradesh anubha-munjare-balaghat candidate Profile, Candidates Net Worth, Education News {{!}} ABP Live News |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/anubha-munjare-madhya-pradesh-balaghat-candidate-profile.html |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.facebook.com/Anubha111Munjare?mibextid=LQQJ4d Facebook]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anubha, Munjare}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Balaghat district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

Dewas Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T14:07:32Z

Samyakk clothing: created new entry.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Other uses|Dewas (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dewas
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 171
| map_image = 171-Dewas.svg
| mla = [[Gayatri Raje Pawar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Tukoji Rao Pawar]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Dewas district|Dewas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dewas Lok Sabha constituency|Dewas]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
}}

'''Dewas Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in [[central India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=December 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=December 1, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a segment of [[Dewas Lok Sabha constituency|Dewas (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Since 1990, the constituency has been continuously held by members of the Dewas (Senior) Royal Family, first [[Tukoji Rao Pawar]] and then his wife [[Gayatri Raje Pawar]] after his death.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
=== Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Anant Sadashiv Patwardhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Bapulal Kishan]]
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Bapulal Kishan]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Anant Sadashiv Patwardhan]]
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|[[Bapulal Kishan]]
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Hate Singh
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Dhirajsingh Mohansingh
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Shankar Kanungo
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Chandra Prabash Shekhar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Tukoji Rao Pawar]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=9|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|2015^
| rowspan="3" |[[Gayatri Raje Pawar]]
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}
^ denotes bypoll

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dewas<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Gayatri Raje Pawar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:117422}}
|percentage = 55.33
|change = +0.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pradeep Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:90466}}
|percentage = 42.63
|change = +2.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1422}}
|percentage = 0.67
|change = -0.33
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26956}}
|percentage = 12.7
|change = -2.2
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:212211}}
|percentage = 75.24
|change = -0.57
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===

In December 2018, one news outlet erroneously reported that sitting MLA Gayatri Devi had lost.<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/madhya-pradesh/assembly-election-results-2018-vidhan-sabha-chunav-news-updates-madhya-pradesh-election-bjp-candidate-gayatri-raje-loss-her-seat-yashodhara-raje-scindia-win-3474998/ |title=राजघराने की एक बहु जीती, दूसरी ने गंवाई सीट, निर्दलीय 'शेरा' से हार गईं बीजेपी सरकार की मंत्री - Assembly election results vidhan sabha chunav news updates madhya pradesh election bjp candidate gayatri raje loss her seat yashodhara raje scindia win |date=12 December 2018 |author=Zeeshan Akthar |access-date= 31 May 2021 |language=hi|trans-title=One daughter-in-law of the royal family won, the other lost the seat, BJP government minister lost to independent 'Shera'}}</ref> She was trailing for a long time but managed to turn the tide.
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dewas<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Gayatri Raje Pawar]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:103456}}
|percentage = 55.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Thakur Jaysingh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:75469}}
|percentage = 40.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dilip Bangar
|votes = {{formatnum:2362}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shaikh Qutubuddin
|votes = {{formatnum:1827}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1871}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:27987}}
|percentage = 14.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:187874}}
|percentage = 75.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
* Bapulal (INC): 10,708 votes<ref name=elections1962>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1962|access-date=2020-06-18}}</ref>
* Nand Ram (Jana Sangh): 5,695

==See also==
* [[Dewas]]
* [[Dewas (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Dewas district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|22.96|76.05|display=title}}

[[Category:Dewas district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Richmond (Yorks)

2026-04-07T14:18:44Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{Short description|Former Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1585–2024}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox UK constituency main
|name = Richmond (Yorks)
|parliament = uk
|image = [[File:RichmondYorks2007Constituency.svg|120px|alt=Outline map]]
|caption = 2010–2024 boundary of Richmond in [[North Yorkshire]]
|map2 = EnglandNorthYorkshire
|map_entity = [[North Yorkshire]]
|map_year =
|year = 1885
|abolished = 2024
|towns = [[Bedale]], [[Catterick, North Yorkshire|Catterick]], [[Catterick Garrison]], [[Great Ayton]], [[Hawes]], [[Leyburn]], [[Middleham]], [[Northallerton]], [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]], [[Stokesley]]
|type = County
|previous =
|next = [[Richmond and Northallerton]]
|electorate = 83,219 (December 2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/parliament-and-elections/elections-elections/uk-elections/constituency-data-electorates/|title=Constituency data: electorates – House of Commons Library|date=15 June 2020|publisher=Parliament UK|access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref>
|mp =
|party =
|region = England
|county = 1585–1974 [[North Riding of Yorkshire]] 1974– [[North Yorkshire]]
|european = Yorkshire and the Humber

|year2 = 1585
|abolished2 = 1885
|type2 = Borough
|previous2 =
|next2 =
|elects_howmany = One
|elects_howmany2 = 1585–1868: Two 1868–1885: One
}}
'''Richmond (Yorks)''' was a [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituency]]{{#tag:ref|A [[county constituency]] (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)|name=CC|group=note}} in [[North Yorkshire]] in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] of the [[UK Parliament]]. It was represented from 1910 by members of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]. The last MP for Richmond was [[Rishi Sunak]] from 2015 to 2024, who served as the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] and Conservative leader from 2022 to 2024.{{#tag:ref|As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) by the [[first past the post]] system of election at least every five years.|name=FPP|group=note}}<ref name="BBC News 2022">{{cite news | title=Rishi Sunak warns of profound economic challenges after winning race to become prime minister | website=BBC News | date=23 October 2022 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-63327087 | access-date=24 October 2022}}</ref>

Further to the completion of the [[2023 review of Westminster constituencies]], the seat had minor boundary changes and was renamed to '''[[Richmond and Northallerton]]''', first contested at the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume one: Report – Yorkshire and the Humber {{!}} Boundary Commission for England |url=https://boundarycommissionforengland.independent.gov.uk/2023-review/2023-review-volume-one-report/the-2023-review-of-parliamentary-constituency-boundaries-in-england-volume-one-report-yorkshire-and-the-humber/ |access-date=5 August 2023 |website=boundarycommissionforengland.independent.gov.uk}}</ref>

==Constituency profile==
The constituency was a [[safe seat]] for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], which has held it continuously since 1910 (if including the 11 years by the allied Unionist Party from 1918), and in the 2010 general election Richmond produced the largest numerical and percentage majority for a Conservative, 62.8% of the vote.

The Conservative MP and one-time Party leader [[William Hague]] held the seat from a [[1989 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|by-election in 1989]] until he retired from the Commons in 2015. He had held the posts of [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]] (1997–2001), [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] (2010–2014) and [[Leader of the House of Commons]] (2014–2015). His successor, [[Rishi Sunak]], served as [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] from 2020 to 2022 and as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] from 2022 to 2024, whilst Hague's predecessor, [[Leon Brittan]], served as [[Home Secretary]]. The constituency thus produced three consecutive MPs who served in the [[Great Offices of State]], two of whom served as [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Leader of the Conservative Party]].

The constituency consisted of, in the west, the entire [[Richmondshire]] district and, in the east, the northern part of [[Hambleton District]]. It was a mostly rural seat with a mostly affluent population.{{#tag:ref|The latest 2011 census statistics include minimal percentages of [[social housing]] and welfare recipience.|name=Housing|group=note}}

==History==
Richmond was one of the [[parliamentary borough]]s in the [[Unreformed House of Commons]] that dates to the middle of its long existence, first being represented in 1585. Medieval royal charters had specifically exempted the town from sending members to Parliament;<ref>{{cite web |title=Richmond 1604–1629 |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/constituencies/richmond |website=History of Parliament}}</ref> at the time this was often seen as an expensive burden.

By the early eighteenth century it was controlled by the Yorke and Darcy families, who each nominated a member; the Darcys gained control in the 1760s and shortly afterwards the interest was purchased by [[Sir Lawrence Dundas, 1st Baronet]], along with the [[Aske Hall|Aske estate]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Richmond 1754–1790 |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/constituencies/richmond |website=History of Parliament}}</ref> The Dundases or their nominees would retain control of the borough's representation for many years; there was no contested election between 1722 and 1839 and then not another until 1866. The last Dundas family member would not retire from the seat until 1885. During this period the seat was a safe one for the Whigs and later the Liberals; since around 1918 it has been a safe seat for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], with majorities often more than 40%.

From 1983 the seat was represented by the cabinet minister [[Leon Brittan]], after boundary changes saw his [[Cleveland and Whitby]] seat abolished; however he resigned from the Commons in December 1988 in order to take up the position of vice-president of the [[European Commission]].

===1989 by-election===
The ensuing [[1989 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|by-election]], in February 1989, was won by [[William Hague]]: it was the last by-election won by a Conservative candidate during the Conservative Governments of 1979–1997. Hague's win has been attributed in part to the decision by the remnants of the [[Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988–1990)|Social Democratic Party]] (those members that objected to the merger with the Liberal Party the previous year) to contest the election as well as the newly merged [[Social and Liberal Democrats]] (who subsequently renamed themselves the Liberal Democrats). The SDP candidate, local farmer Mike Potter, came second, and Hague's majority of 2,634 was considerably smaller than the number of votes (11,589) for the SLD candidate, Barbara Pearce. Despite the [[1997 United Kingdom general election|Labour landslide of 1997]], they did not come close to winning the seat, which stayed Conservative with a majority of 10,000. Hague retained the seat at every general election from then on, building the Conservative majority to 23,336, until his decision to step down at the 2015 election.

===1992 change in main opposition candidate===
In 1992 the Labour candidate until a few weeks before the election, [[David Abrahams (businessman)|David Abrahams]], was deselected following a series of rows within the local party over his personal life and business interests. It emerged in 2007 that he used the name "David Martin" when dealing with tenants in his various rental properties in the Newcastle area,<ref name="TimesProf">[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2947099.ece Profile: reclusive Labour donor David Abrahams]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The Times – 26 November 2007</ref> and that he had claimed that he lived with his wife and son, though he had never been married. Divorcee Anthea Bailey later told a local newspaper she and her 11-year-old son had posed as Mr Abrahams' family as part of a business arrangement so that Abrahams could create "the right impression".<ref name=sundaysun>{{cite news|url=http://icnewcastle.icnetwork.co.uk/sundaysun/news/tm_headline=how-sunday-sun-broke-first-david-abrahams-story&method=full&objectid=20190644&siteid=50081-name_page.html| title=How Sunday Sun broke first David Abrahams story|date=2 December 2007|author=Colin Patterson|publisher=Sunday Sun|access-date=2 December 2007}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7114500.stm Profile of David Abrahams] BBC News – 27 November 2007</ref>

===2001–2024===
At the [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001 general election]] Richmond became the Conservatives' [[safest seat]] in the UK, both in terms of the actual numerical majority and by percentage, the seat being held by [[William Hague]], then the Conservative leader. Although the numerical majority was surpassed by [[Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency)|Buckingham]] at the [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005 election]], Richmond has a smaller electorate and had a greater proportion of Conservative voters so retained the second-largest percentage majority. Again in 2010, Richmond was the safest Conservative seat in the country in terms of numerical and percentage majority,<ref name="2010 Marginality">{{cite report
| last = Hough
| first = David
| date = 8 February 2013
| title = Marginal Seats
| url = https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06549/SN06549.pdf
| id = Standard Note: SN/SG/06549
| publisher = House of Commons Library
| access-date = 29 May 2024
}}</ref> though by 2019 it had slipped out of the top 15 safest Conservative seats.<ref name="2019 Results Analysis">{{cite report
| author1 = Elise Uberoi
| author2 = Carl Baker
| author3 = Richard Cracknell
| author4 = Grahame Allen
| author5 = Nerys Roberts
| author6 = Cassie Barton
| author7 = Georgina Sturge
| author8 = Shadi Danechi
| author9 = Rachael Harker
| author10 = Paul Bolton
| author11 = Rod McInnes
| author12 = Chris Watson
| author13 = Noel Dempsey
| author14 = Lukas Audicka
| date = 28 January 2020
| title = General Election 2019: results and analysis
| edition = 2nd
| id = CBP 8749
| url = https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8749/CBP-8749.pdf
| publisher = House of Commons Library
| access-date = 29 May 2024
}}</ref> It has been represented since May 2015 by [[Rishi Sunak]], the former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] and leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].<ref name="BBC News 2022" />

==Boundaries==
{{maplink|raw={{Bharatpedia:Map data/Richmond (Yorks) (UK Parliament constituency)}}|frame=yes|text=Map of 2010–2024 boundaries}}
'''1918–1950''': The Borough of Richmond, the Urban Districts of Kirklington-cum-Upsland, Masham, and Northallerton, and the Rural Districts of Aysgarth, Bedale, Croft, Leyburn, Northallerton, Reeth, Richmond, Startforth, and Stokesley.

'''1950–1955''': The Borough of Richmond, the Urban District of Northallerton, and the Rural Districts of Aysgarth, Croft, Leyburn, Masham, Northallerton, Reeth, Richmond, Startforth, and Stokesley.

'''1955–1974''': As prior but with redrawn boundaries.

'''1974–1983''': As prior but with redrawn boundaries.

'''1983–1997''': The District of Richmondshire, and the District of Hambleton wards of Appleton Wiske, Bedale, Brompton, Broughton and Greenhow, Carlton Miniott, Crakehall, Great Ayton, Hillside, Leeming, Leeming Bar, Morton-on-Swale, Northallerton North East, Northallerton South East, Northallerton West, Osmotherley, Romanby, Romanby Broomfield, Rudby, Sowerby, Stokesley, Swainby, Tanfield, The Cowtons, The Thorntons, Thirsk, Topcliffe, and Whitestonecliffe.

'''1997–2010''': The District of Richmondshire, and the District of Hambleton wards of Appleton Wiske, Brompton, Broughton and Greenhow, Great Ayton, Leeming Bar, Morton-on-Swale, Northallerton North East, Northallerton South East, Northallerton West, Osmotherley, Romanby, Romanby Broomfield, Rudby, Stokesley, Swainby, and The Cowtons.

'''2010–2024''': The District of Richmondshire, and the former District of Hambleton wards of Bedale, Brompton, Broughton and Greenhow, Cowtons, Crakehall, Great Ayton, Leeming, Leeming Bar, Morton-on-Swale, Northallerton Broomfield, Northallerton Central, Northallerton North, Osmotherley, Romanby, Rudby, Stokesley, Swainby, and Tanfield.

The Richmond constituency covered the [[Richmondshire]] district and the northern part of the former [[Hambleton District]]. It is a mostly affluent rural area with a significant commuter population, covering parts of the [[North York Moors]] and [[Yorkshire Dales]] [[National Parks]], including [[Wensleydale]] and [[Swaledale]]. It contained the market towns of [[Northallerton]], [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]], [[Leyburn]], [[Bedale]], [[Hawes]] and [[Stokesley]], along with [[Great Ayton]] and other villages. It also includes the largest army base in Europe, [[Catterick Garrison]].

==Members of Parliament==

===MPs 1585–1640===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Parliament!!First member!!Second member
|-
| 1584|| [[John Pepper (English MP)|John Pepper]]|| [[Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, 1st Baronet|Marmaduke Wyvill]]<ref name = HoP3>{{cite web | url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/constituencies/richmond| title = History of Parliament|publisher = History of Parliament trust| access-date = 16 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 1586|| [[Robert Bowes (died 1600)|Robert Bowes]]|| [[Samuel Coxe]]<ref name = HoP3/>
|-
| 1588|| [[James Dale (MP)|James Dale]]|| [[John Smythe (MP for Richmond)|John Smythe]]<ref name = HoP3/>
|-
| 1593|| [[Talbot Bowes]]|| [[John Pepper (English MP)|John Pepper]]<ref name = HoP3/>
|-
| 1597|| [[Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, 1st Baronet|Marmaduke Wyvill]]|| [[Cuthbert Pepper]]<ref name = HoP3/>
|-
| 1601|| [[Cuthbert Pepper]]|| [[Talbot Bowes]]<ref name = HoP3/>
|-
| 1604|| [[John Savile (of Hewley)|Sir John Savile]]|| [[Richard Percevall]]
|-
| 1614|| [[Talbot Bowes|Sir Talbot Bowes]]|| [[William Richardson (Master of Requests)|Sir William Richardson]]
|-
| 1621|| [[Talbot Bowes|Sir Talbot Bowes]]|| [[William Bowes (MP for Richmond)|William Bowes]]
|-
| 1624|| [[John Wandesford (died 1665)|John Wandesford]]|| [[Christopher Pepper]]
|-
| 1625|| [[Christopher Wandesford]]|| [[Talbot Bowes|Sir Talbot Bowes]]
|-
| 1626|| [[Christopher Wandesford]]|| [[Matthew Hutton (MP)|Matthew Hutton]]
|-
| 1628|| [[Talbot Bowes|Sir Talbot Bowes]]|| [[James Howell (MP)|James Howell]]
|-
| 1629–1640|| colspan="2"|''No Parliaments summoned''
|}

===MPs 1640–1868===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="3"|Year!!First member<ref name="rayment">{{Rayment-hc|r|1|date=March 2012}}</ref>!!First party!!Second member<ref name="rayment"/>!!Second party
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Cavalier}}" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|[[Short Parliament|April 1640]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sir William Pennyman, 1st Baronet|Sir William Pennyman, Bt.]] ||rowspan="2"| [[Cavaliers|Royalist]]
| [[Maulger Norton]] ||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Cavalier}}" |
|[[Long Parliament|November 1640]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sir Thomas Danby]] ||rowspan="2"| [[Cavaliers|Royalist]]
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|August 1642
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|''Pennyman disabled to sit'' ''(Pennyman died August 1643)''
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|September 1642
|colspan="2"|''Danby disabled to sit''
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1645
|[[Thomas Chaloner (regicide)|Thomas Chaloner]] ||
|[[Francis Thorpe]] ||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1653
|colspan="4"|''Richmond was unrepresented in [[Barebone's Parliament]]''
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|[[First Protectorate Parliament|1654]]
|[[John Wastal]] ||
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"| ''Richmond had only one seat in the [[First Protectorate Parliament|First]] and'' ''[[Second Protectorate Parliament|Second]] Parliaments of the Protectorate''
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|[[Second Protectorate Parliament|1656]]
|[[John Bathurst]] ||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|[[Third Protectorate Parliament|January 1659]]
|[[Sir Christopher Wyvill, 3rd Baronet|Sir Christopher Wyvill, Bt.]] ||
|[[John Bathurst]] ||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|[[Rump Parliament|May 1659]]
|[[Thomas Chaloner (regicide)|Thomas Chaloner]] ||
|[[Francis Thorpe]] ||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|April 1660
|[[James Darcy (1617–1673)|James Darcy]]||
|[[Sir Christopher Wyvill, 3rd Baronet|Sir Christopher Wyvill, Bt.]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1661
|rowspan="2" |[[John Yorke (died 1663)|Sir John Yorke]]||rowspan="2" |
|[[Joseph Cradock]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1662
|rowspan="2" |[[John Wandesford (died 1665)|John Wandesford]]||rowspan="2" |
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1664
|rowspan="2" |[[William Killigrew (1606–1695)|Sir William Killigrew]]||rowspan="2" |
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1665
|[[Marmaduke Darcy]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1679
|rowspan="2" |[[Humphrey Wharton]]||rowspan="2" |
|[[Thomas Cradock]]||
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1681
|rowspan="3" |[[John Darcy, Lord Conyers]]||rowspan="3" |
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1685
|[[Thomas Cradock]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|January 1689
|rowspan="2" |[[Thomas Yorke (1658-1716)|Thomas Yorke]]||rowspan="2" |
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|February 1689
|[[Philip Darcy]]||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1690
|[[Sir Mark Milbanke, 2nd Baronet|Sir Mark Milbanke, Bt]]||
|[[Theodore Bathurst]]||
|-
|rowspan="7" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1695
|rowspan="7" |[[Thomas Yorke (1658-1716)|Thomas Yorke]]||rowspan="7" |
|[[Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, 5th Baronet|Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, Bt.]]||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1698
|[[James Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Navan|James Darcy]]||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1701
|[[John Hutton (1659–1731)|John Hutton]]||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1702
|[[James Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Navan|James Darcy]]||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|May 1705
|[[Wharton Dunch]]||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|December 1705
|[[William Walsh (poet)|William Walsh]]||
|-
|rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1708
|rowspan="4" |[[Harry Mordaunt]]||rowspan="4" |
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}"|
|1710
|[[John Yorke (1685-1757)|John Yorke]]|| Whig
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1713
|[[Thomas Yorke (1658-1716)|Thomas Yorke]]||
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1717
|rowspan="3" |[[John Yorke (1685-1757)|John Yorke]]||rowspan="3" |Whig
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1720
|[[Richard Abell]]|| Whig
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1722
|[[Conyers Darcy]]|| Whig
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1727
|[[Charles Bathurst (died 1743)|Charles Bathurst]]||
|[[Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, 6th Baronet|Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, Bt.]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}"|
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}"|
|1728<ref>At the general election of 1727, Wyvill and Bathurst were returned as elected, but on petition they were unseated in favour of Yorke and Darcy, the dispute turning on who had the right to vote</ref>
|rowspan="2" |[[John Yorke (1685-1757)|John Yorke]]||rowspan="2" | Whig
|[[Sir Conyers Darcy]]<ref>Sir Conyers Darcy was re-elected in 1747 but had also been elected for [[Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Yorkshire]], which he chose to represent, and did not sit again for Richmond</ref>||Whig
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1747
|rowspan="3" |[[William Kerr, 4th Marquess of Lothian|Earl of Ancram]]||rowspan="3" |
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1757
|[[Thomas Yorke (1688-1768)|Thomas Yorke]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1761
|rowspan="2" |[[Sir Ralph Milbanke, 5th Baronet|Sir Ralph Milbanke]]||rowspan="2" |
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1763
|[[Thomas Dundas, 1st Baron Dundas|Thomas Dundas]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|March 1768
|rowspan="2" |[[Alexander Wedderburn, 1st Earl of Rosslyn|Alexander Wedderburn]]||rowspan="2" |
|[[Sir Lawrence Dundas, 1st Baronet|Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bt]]<ref>Sir Lawrence Dundas was also elected for [[Edinburgh (UK Parliament constituency)|Edinburgh]], which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Richmond</ref>||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|November 1768
|rowspan="2" |[[William Norton, 2nd Baron Grantley|William Norton]]||rowspan="2" |
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1769
|[[Charles John Crowle]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1774
|rowspan="2" |[[Thomas Dundas, 1st Baron Dundas|Thomas Dundas]]<ref>Thomas Dundas was also elected for [[Stirlingshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Stirlingshire]], which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Richmond in this parliament</ref>||rowspan="2" |
|[[Sir Lawrence Dundas, 1st Baronet|Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bt]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|January 1775
|rowspan="2" |[[Charles Dundas, 1st Baron Amesbury|Charles Dundas]]||rowspan="2" |
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|December 1775
|[[William Norton, 2nd Baron Grantley|William Norton]]||
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1780
|rowspan="2" |[[James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose|Marquess of Graham]]||rowspan="2" |
|[[Sir Lawrence Dundas, 1st Baronet|Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bt]]||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1781
|[[George Fitzwilliam]]||
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1784
|rowspan="3" |[[Murrough O'Brien, 1st Marquess of Thomond]]||rowspan="3" |
|[[Charles Dundas, 1st Baron Amesbury|Charles Dundas]]||
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1786
|[[Grey Cooper|Sir Grey Cooper]]||
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1790
|rowspan="3" |[[Lawrence Dundas, 1st Earl of Zetland|Lawrence Dundas]]||rowspan="3" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: white" |
|1796
|[[Charles George Beauclerk]]||
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1798
|rowspan="3" |[[Arthur Shakespeare (MP)|Arthur Shakespeare]]||rowspan="3" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith">{{cite book |last1=Stooks Smith |first1=Henry |title=The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive |date=1845 |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. |location=London |pages=150–155, 162–164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HacQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA162 |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref>
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1802
|[[George Dundas (Royal Navy officer)|George Dundas]]||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1806
|rowspan="2" |[[Charles Lawrence Dundas]]||rowspan="2" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1808
|rowspan="2" |[[Lawrence Dundas, 1st Earl of Zetland|Lawrence Dundas]]||rowspan="2" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1810
|rowspan="3" |[[Robert Chaloner (MP)|Robert Chaloner]]||rowspan="3" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/>
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|January 1812
|[[George Dundas (Royal Navy officer)|George Dundas]]||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|October 1812
|[[Dudley Long North]]||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/>
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1818
|rowspan="3" |[[Thomas Dundas, 2nd Earl of Zetland|Thomas Dundas]]||rowspan="3" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="churton"/><ref name="mosse"/>
|[[James Maitland, 9th Earl of Lauderdale|Viscount Maitland]]||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/>
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1820
|[[Samuel Barrett Moulton Barrett]]||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1828
|rowspan="2" |[[Robert Lawrence Dundas|Sir Robert Dundas]]||rowspan="2" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="pilot1839"/><ref name="hampshire1839"/>
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1830
|[[John Dundas (1808–1866)|John Dundas]]||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="yorkshire1857"/><ref name="mosse"/><ref name="eveningmail1841"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1835
|rowspan="2" |[[Alexander Speirs]]||rowspan="2" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="churton"/><ref name="mosse"/>
|[[Thomas Dundas, 2nd Earl of Zetland|Thomas Dundas]]<ref>Styled Lord Dundas after his father was created an Earl in 1838</ref>||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="churton"/><ref name="mosse"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1839
|rowspan="2" |[[Robert Lawrence Dundas|Sir Robert Dundas]]||rowspan="2" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="pilot1839">{{cite news |title=Richmond Election |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001301/18390318/026/0002 |access-date=29 November 2018 |work=The Pilot |date=18 March 1839 |page=2 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="hampshire1839">{{cite news |title=London, Monday, March 11, 1839 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000069/18390318/002/0001 |access-date=29 November 2018 |work=Hampshire Telegraph |date=18 March 1839 |page=1 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|February 1841
|[[George Wentworth-FitzWilliam]]||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="northernstar1841">{{cite news |title=Electoral Decisions |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000090/18410703/092/0024 |access-date=24 June 2018 |work=Northern Star and Leeds General Advertiser |date=3 July 1841 |page=24 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="norfolknews1847">{{cite news |title=Members Returned |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000247/18470807/005/0002 |access-date=24 June 2018 |work=Norfolk News |date=7 August 1847 |page=2 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="stooks-smith">{{cite book
|last=Stooks Smith
|first=Henry.
|editor=[[Craig, F. W. S.]]
|title=The Parliaments of England
|orig-year=1844–1850
|edition=2nd
|year=1973
|publisher=Parliamentary Research Services
|location=Chichester
|isbn=0-900178-13-2
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/parliamentsofeng0000smit/page/160 160, 235–237]
|url=https://archive.org/details/parliamentsofeng0000smit/page/160
}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|June 1841
|rowspan="2" |[[John Dundas (1808–1866)|John Dundas]]||rowspan="2" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="yorkshire1857">{{cite news |title=North-Riding Election |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18570314/147/0007 |access-date=19 August 2018 |work=Yorkshire Gazette |date=14 March 1857 |pages=7–8 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="mosse">{{cite book|last1=Mosse|first1=Richard Bartholomew|title=The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc|date=1838|pages=157, 218|access-date=29 November 2018 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHcEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA141 |via = [[Google Books]] }}</ref><ref name="eveningmail1841">{{cite news |title=Evening Mail, from Wednesday, June 23, to Friday, June 25, 1841 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001316/18410625/041/0006 |access-date=29 November 2018 |work=Evening Mail |date=25 June 1841 |page=6 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|[[William Ridley-Colborne]]||[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="eveningmail1841"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ollivier|first1=John|title=Ollivier's parliamentary and political director|date=1841|page=19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpfbFgGIn6oC&pg=PA19|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1846
|rowspan="3" |[[Sir Henry Rich, 1st Baronet|Henry Rich]]||rowspan="2" |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="glos-1852">{{cite news |title=Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18520710/017/0003 |access-date=1 July 2018 |date=10 July 1852 |page=3 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="churton">{{cite book|first1=Edward|last1=Churton|author-link1=Edward Churton|title=The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838|date=1838|pages=76, 193, 211|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVwEAAAAQAAJ |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=General Election |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/18370715/010/0003 |access-date=11 November 2018 |work=Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser |date=15 July 1837 |page=3 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|-
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" |
|1847
|rowspan="3" |[[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]]|| |[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="glos-1852"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
|1859
|rowspan="2" |[[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|[[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
|1861
|rowspan="3" |[[Sir Roundell Palmer]]||rowspan="3" |[[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
|1865
|[[John Dundas (1808–1866)|John Dundas]]||[[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
|1866
|[[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]]||[[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|colspan="7"| ''Representation reduced to one member''
|}

=== 1868–2024 ===
[[File:RichmondConstituency1918.gif|thumb|Richmond, 1918–1948, shown within the North Riding of Yorkshire.]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Member<ref name="rayment"/>!!Party
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1868 United Kingdom general election|1868]]
| [[Sir Roundell Palmer]]
| [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1872 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|1872 by-election]]
| [[Lawrence Dundas, 1st Marquess of Zetland|Lawrence Dundas]]
| [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1873 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|1873 by-election]]
| [[John Dundas (1845–1892)|John Dundas]]
| [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]]
| [[Sir Frederick Milbank, 1st Baronet|Sir Frederick Milbank, Bt]]
| [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1886 United Kingdom general election|1886]]
| [[Sir George Elliot, 2nd Baronet|George Elliot]]<ref>Later Sir George Elliott</ref>
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1895 United Kingdom general election|1895]]
| [[John Hutton (British Conservative politician)|John Hutton]]
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1906 United Kingdom general election|1906]]
| [[Francis Dyke Acland]]
| [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[January 1910 United Kingdom general election|Jan 1910]]
| [[William Orde-Powlett, 5th Baron Bolton|William Orde-Powlett]]
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]]
| [[Sir Murrough Wilson]]
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Unionist]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1929 United Kingdom general election|1929]]
| [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]]
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1959 United Kingdom general election|1959]]
| [[Timothy Kitson]]
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983]]
| [[Leon Brittan]]
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[1989 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|1989 by-election]]
| [[William Hague]]
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|-
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" |
| [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015]]
| [[Rishi Sunak]]
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
|-
|
| [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024]]
| colspan="2" align="center" | ''Constituency abolished'' See [[Richmond and Northallerton]]
|}

==Election results 1831–2019==
===Elections in the 2010s===
:
<section begin="General Election 2019"/>
{{Election box begin | title = [[2019 United Kingdom general election|General election 2019]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hambleton.gov.uk/downloads/file/5016/statement_of_persons_nominated_richmond_yorks_and_notice_of_poll|title=Electoral and elections documents: Statement of Persons Nominated Richmond (Yorks) & Notice of Poll|publisher= Hambleton District Council|access-date=15 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Minting |first1=Stuart |title=Rishi Sunak increases Conservative majority in Richmond |url=https://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/news/18099647.general-election-2019-rishi-sunak-increases-conservative-majority-richmond/ |access-date=13 December 2019 |work=Darlington and Stockton Times |date=13 December 2019 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Conservative Party (UK)|candidate=[[Rishi Sunak]]|votes=36,693|percentage=63.6|change= −0.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Labour Party (UK)|candidate=Thomas Kirkwood|votes=9,483|percentage=16.4|change= −7.0}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Liberal Democrats (UK)|candidate=Philip Knowles|votes=6,989|percentage=12.1|change=+6.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Green Party of England and Wales|candidate=John Yorke|votes=2,500|percentage=4.3|change=+1.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Yorkshire Party|candidate=Laurence Waterhouse|votes=1,077|percentage=1.9|change= −1.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Nick Jardine|votes=961|percentage=1.7|change=''New''}}
{{Election box majority|votes=27,210|percentage=47.2|change=+6.7}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=57,703|percentage=69.9|change= −0.6}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +3.3
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2019"/>
:
<section begin="General Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[General election 2017]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hambleton.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/3194/statement_of_persons_nominated_and_notice_of_poll_11052017.pdf |title=Statement of Persons Nominated |publisher=Hambleton District Council |access-date=13 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000895 |title=BBC Election Site|publisher=BBC|access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Rishi Sunak]]
|votes = 36,458
|percentage = 63.9
|change = +12.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Dan Perry
|votes = 13,350
|percentage = 23.4
|change = +10.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Liberal Democrats (UK)
|candidate = Tobie Abel
|votes = 3,360
|percentage = 5.9
|change = −0.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Yorkshire Party
|candidate = Chris Pearson
|votes = 2,106
|percentage = 3.7
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Green Party of England and Wales
|candidate = Fiona Yorke
|votes = 1,739
|percentage = 3.1
|change = −1.2
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 23,108
|percentage = 40.5
|change = +4.3
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 57,013
|percentage = 70.5
|change = +5.8
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +1.2
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 2017"/>
:
<section begin="General Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 United Kingdom general election|General election 2015]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name=electoralcalculus>{{cite web|title=Election Data 2015|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112223/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="2015 result">{{cite news
| title = Richmond (Yorks)
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000895
| website = BBC News
| access-date = 13 May 2015}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Rishi Sunak]]
|votes = 27,744
|percentage = 51.4
|change = −11.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = UK Independence Party
|candidate = Matthew Cooke
|votes = 8,194
|percentage = 15.2
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Mike Hill (British politician)|Mike Hill]]
|votes = 7,124
|percentage = 13.2
|change = −2.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Democrats (UK)
|candidate = John Harris
|votes = 3,465
|percentage = 6.4
|change = −12.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = John Blackie
|votes = 3,348
|percentage = 6.2
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Green Party of England and Wales
|candidate = Leslie Rowe
|votes = 2,313
|percentage = 4.3
|change = +1.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Robin Scott
|votes = 1,811
|percentage = 3.4
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 19,550
|percentage = 36.2
|change = −7.5
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 53,999
|percentage = 64.7
|change = −2.5
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = −13.3
}}
{{Election box end}}

[[File:William Hague (2010).jpg|thumb|248x248px|[[William Hague]]]]

{{Election box begin | title=[[2010 United Kingdom general election|General election 2010]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name=electoralcalculus2010>{{cite web|title=Election Data 2010|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726162034/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|archive-date=26 July 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Richmond [Yorks]">{{cite news
| title = Richmond [Yorks<nowiki>]</nowiki>
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/constituency/d69.stm
| website = BBC News
| access-date = 7 May 2010}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[William Hague]]
|votes = 33,541{{#tag:ref|This was the Conservative Party's highest vote share in the 2010 General Election, with [[William Hague]] securing 62.8% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |title=The UK General Election 2010 In-depth |url=https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2010-UK-General-Election-in-depth.pdf |website=electoral-reform.org.uk |access-date=6 November 2020 |page=32 |date=6 May 2010}}</ref>|name=Share|group=note}}
|percentage = 62.8
|change = +3.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Democrats (UK)
|candidate = Lawrence Meredith
|votes = 10,205
|percentage = 19.1
|change = +2.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Eileen Driver
|votes = 8,150
|percentage = 15.3
|change = −5.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Green Party of England and Wales
|candidate = Leslie Rowe
|votes = 1,516
|percentage = 2.8
|change = −0.3
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 23,336
|percentage = 43.7
|change = +4.1
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 53,412
|percentage = 67.2
|change = +2.6
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +4.4
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 2000s===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2005 United Kingdom general election|General election 2005]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name=electoralcalculus2005>{{cite web|title=Election Data 2005|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt|publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054249/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[William Hague]]
|votes = 26,722
|percentage = 59.1
|change = +0.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Neil Foster
|votes = 8,915
|percentage = 19.7
|change = −2.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Democrats (UK)
|candidate = Jacquie Bell
|votes = 7,982
|percentage = 17.7
|change = −0.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Green Party of England and Wales
|candidate = Leslie Rowe
|votes = 1,581
|percentage = 3.5
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 17,807
|percentage = 39.4
|change = +2.4
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 45,200
|percentage = 65.0
|change = −2.4
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +1.2
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |
|title=[[2001 United Kingdom general election|General election 2001]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name=electoralcalculus2001>{{cite web|title=Election Data 2001|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2001ob.txt|publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054450/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2001ob.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[William Hague]]
|votes = 25,951
|percentage = 58.9
|change = +10.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour and Co-operative
|candidate = Fay Tinnion
|votes = 9,632
|percentage = 21.9
|change = −5.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Democrats (UK)
|candidate = Thomas Forth
|votes = 7,890
|percentage = 17.9
|change = −0.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Official Monster Raving Loony Party
|candidate = Boney Steniforth
|votes = 561
|percentage = 1.3
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,319
|percentage = 37.0
|change = +15.9
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 44,034
|percentage = 67.4
|change = −6.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +8.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1990s===
{{Election box begin |
|title=[[1997 United Kingdom general election|General election 1997]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name=electoralcalculus1997>{{cite web|title=Election Data 1997|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1997.txt|publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054424/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1997.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[William Hague]]
|votes = 23,326
|percentage = 48.9
|change = −13.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour and Co-operative
|candidate = Steven Merritt
|votes = 13,275
|percentage = 27.8
|change = +16.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Democrats (UK)
|candidate = Jane Harvey
|votes = 8,773
|percentage = 18.4
|change = −7.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Referendum Party (UK)
|candidate = Alex Bentley
|votes = 2,367
|percentage = 5.0
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,051
|percentage = 21.1
|change = −15.1
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 47,741
|percentage = 73.4
|change = −5.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = −13.9
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |
|title=[[1992 United Kingdom general election|General election 1992]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name=electoralcalculus1992>{{cite web|title=Election Data 1992|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1992ob.txt|publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054418/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1992ob.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|
url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge92/ge92index.htm|title=Politics Resources|date=9 April 1992|work=Election 1992|publisher=Politics Resources|access-date=6 December 2010}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[William Hague]]
|votes = 40,202
|percentage = 61.9
|change = +0.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Democrats (UK)
|candidate = George Irwin
|votes = 16,698
|percentage = 25.7
|change = −1.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Ross Cranston]]
|votes = 7,523
|percentage = 11.6
|change = −0.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = A. Michael Barr
|votes = 570
|percentage = 0.9
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 23,504
|percentage = 36.2
|change = +2.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 64,993
|percentage = 78.4
|change = +6.3
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +1.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1980s===
{{Election box begin|
|title= [[1989 Richmond (Yorks) by-election]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[William Hague]]
|votes = 19,543
|percentage = 37.2
|change = −24.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)
|candidate = Mike Potter
|votes = 16,909
|percentage = 32.2
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Social and Liberal Democrats
|candidate = Barbara Pearce
|votes = 11,589
|percentage = 22.1
|change = −4.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Frank Robson
|votes = 2,591
|percentage = 4.9
|change = −6.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Green Party (UK)
|candidate = Robert Upshall
|votes = 1,473
|percentage = 2.8
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Official Monster Raving Loony Party
|candidate = [[Screaming Lord Sutch]]
|votes = 167
|percentage = 0.3
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Anthony Millns
|votes = 113
|percentage = 0.2
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Corrective Party]]
|candidate = [[Lindi St Clair]]
|votes = 106
|percentage = 0.2
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK, 1989)
|candidate = Nicholas Watkins
|votes = 70
|percentage = 0.1
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,634
|percentage = 5.0
|change = −29.2
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 52,561
|percentage = 64.4
|change = −7.7
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin | title=[[1987 United Kingdom general election|General election 1987]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name=electoralcalculus1987>{{cite web|title=Election Data 1987|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1987.txt|publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054243/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1987.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Leon Brittan]]
|votes = 34,995
|percentage = 61.2
|change = −1.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = David Lloyd-Williams
|votes = 15,419
|percentage = 27.0
|change = −0.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Frank Robson
|votes = 6,737
|percentage = 11.8
|change = +2.1
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,576
|percentage = 34.2
|change = −0.7
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 57,151
|percentage = 72.1
|change = +3.4
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = −0.3
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin | title=[[1983 United Kingdom general election|General election 1983]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name=electoralcalculus1983>{{cite web|title=Election Data 1983|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1983.txt|publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]|access-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054231/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1983.txt|archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Leon Brittan]]
|votes = 32,373
|percentage = 62.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = David Raw
|votes = 14,307
|percentage = 27.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Co-operative
|candidate = Barbara Hawkins
|votes = 4,997
|percentage = 9.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 18,066
|percentage = 34.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 51,677
|percentage = 68.7
|change = −3.4
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1970s===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1979 United Kingdom general election|General election 1979]]: Richmond (Yorks)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Timothy Kitson]]
|votes = 28,958
|percentage = 61.5
|change = +4.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = G. Hodgson
|votes = 9,964
|percentage = 21.1
|change = -2.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Ken Bratton
|votes = 8,173
|percentage = 17.4
|change = -2.3
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 18,994
|percentage = 40.4
|change = +6.9
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 47,095
|percentage = 72.1
|change = -3.4
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +3.5
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[October 1974 United Kingdom general election|General election October 1974]]: Richmond (Yorks)
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Timothy Kitson]]
|votes = 23,156
|percentage = 56.9
|change = -1.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = P. Waudby
|votes = 9,528
|percentage = 23.4
|change = -1.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Ian Wilkie
|votes = 8,025
|percentage = 19.7
|change = +3.2
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 13,628
|percentage = 33.5
|change = +0.6
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 40,709
|percentage = 65.7
|change = -9.8
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +0.3
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|General election February 1974]]: Richmond (Yorks)
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Timothy Kitson]]
|votes = 26,994
|percentage = 58.2
|change = -4.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Elizabeth May Graham
|votes = 11,727
|percentage = 25.3
|change = +14.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Edward Pearce (journalist)|Edward Pearce]]
|votes = 7,659
|percentage = 16.5
|change = -9.7
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 15,267
|percentage = 32.9
|change = -3.7
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 46,380
|percentage = 75.5
|change = +6.1
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = -9.5
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1970 United Kingdom general election|General election 1970]]: Richmond (Yorks)
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Timothy Kitson]]
|votes = 30,471
|percentage = 62.8
|change = +6.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Michael Aldrich]]
|votes = 12,702
|percentage = 26.2
|change = +1.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John R. Smithson
|votes = 5,354
|percentage = 11.0
|change = -7.8
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 17,769
|percentage = 36.6
|change = +4.6
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 48,527
|percentage = 68.4
|change = -2.9
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +2.3
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1960s===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1966 United Kingdom general election|General election 1966]]: Richmond (Yorks)
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Timothy Kitson]]
|votes = 23,541
|percentage = 56.6
|change = -2.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = W. Patrick Lisle
|votes = 10,210
|percentage = 24.6
|change = +3.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Keith Schellenberg|Clifford Keith Wain Schellenberg]]
|votes = 7,824
|percentage = 18.8
|change = -1.6
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 13,331
|percentage = 32.0
|change = -6.2
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 41,575
|percentage = 71.3
|change = -4.3
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1964 United Kingdom general election|General election 1964]]: Richmond (Yorks)
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Timothy Kitson]]
|votes = 25,345
|percentage = 58.9
|change = -16.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Gordon A. Knott
|votes = 8,908
|percentage = 20.7
|change = -3.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Keith Schellenberg|Clifford Keith Wain Schellenberg]]
|votes = 8,787
|percentage = 20.4
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,437
|percentage = 38.2
|change = -12.7
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 43,040
|percentage = 75.6
|change = +4.1
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1950s===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1959 United Kingdom general election|General election 1959]]: Richmond (Yorks)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Timothy Kitson]]
|votes = 28,270
|percentage = 75.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Mabel McMillan
|votes = 9,203
|percentage = 24.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,067
|percentage = 50.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 37,473
|percentage = 71.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1955 United Kingdom general election|General election 1955]]: Richmond (Yorks)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]]
|votes = 24,979
|percentage = 73.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Richard Hoyle
|votes = 8,974
|percentage = 26.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,005
|percentage = 47.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 33,953
|percentage = 67.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1951 United Kingdom general election|General election 1951]]: Richmond (Yorks)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]]
|votes = 26,231
|percentage = 70.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Richard Hoyle
|votes = 10,915
|percentage = 29.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 15,316
|percentage = 41.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 37,146
|percentage = 74.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1950 United Kingdom general election|General election 1950]]: Richmond (Yorks)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]]
|votes = 22,999
|percentage = 59.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = F.W. Beaton
|votes = 8,694
|percentage = 22.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Douglas Eugene Moore
|votes = 7,157
|percentage = 18.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 14,305
|percentage = 36.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 38,850
|percentage = 74.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1940s===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1945 United Kingdom general election|General election 1945]]: Richmond (Yorks)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]]
|votes = 18,332
|percentage = 52.87
|change = -24.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = M.W. Darwin
|votes = 9,427
|percentage = 27.19
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = George Henry Metcalfe
|votes = 6,104
|percentage = 17.60
|change = -5.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Common Wealth Party
|candidate = Roy Norman Chesterton
|votes = 813
|percentage = 2.34
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,905
|percentage = 25.68
|change =-28.6
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 34,676
|percentage = 68.38
|change = +0.3
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1930s===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1935 United Kingdom general election|General election 1935]]: Richmond (Yorks)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]]
|votes = 25,088
|percentage = 77.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = Alfred Jonathan Best
|votes = 7,369
|percentage = 22.70
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 17,719
|percentage = 54.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 32,457
|percentage = 68.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin | title=[[1931 United Kingdom general election|General election 1931]]: Richmond (Yorks)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]]
|votes = Unopposed
|percentage = ''N/A''
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Elections in the 1920s ===
{{Election box begin |
|title=[[1929 United Kingdom general election|General election 1929]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="Craig, F. W. S. 1983">Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. {{ISBN|0-900178-06-X}}.</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]]
|votes = 19,763
|percentage = 57.5
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Dixon Hinks
|votes = 14,634
|percentage = 42.5
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,129
|percentage = 15.0
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 34,397
|percentage = 79.4
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin |
|title=[[1924 United Kingdom general election|General election 1924]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="Craig, F. W. S. 1983">Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. {{ISBN|0-900178-06-X}}.</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Murrough Wilson]]
|votes = Unopposed
|percentage = ''N/A''
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Unionist Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin |
|title=[[1923 United Kingdom general election|General election 1923]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="Craig, F. W. S. 1983">Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. {{ISBN|0-900178-06-X}}.</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Murrough Wilson]]
|votes = Unopposed
|percentage = ''N/A''
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Unionist Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin |
|title=[[1922 United Kingdom general election|General election 1922]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="Craig, F. W. S. 1983">Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. {{ISBN|0-900178-06-X}}.</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Murrough Wilson]]
|votes = Unopposed
|percentage = ''N/A''
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Unionist Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Election results 1868–1918==
===Elections in the 1860s===
{{Election box begin| title=[[1868 United Kingdom general election|General election 1868]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne|Roundell Palmer]]
|votes = 375
|percentage = 81.2
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = William Henry Roberts
|votes = 87
|percentage = 18.8
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 288
|percentage = 62.4
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 462
|percentage = 71.1
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 650
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1870s===
Palmer resigned after being appointed [[Lord Chancellor]] and being elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Selborne.

{{Election box begin| title=[[1872 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 7 November 1872]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Lawrence Dundas, 1st Marquess of Zetland|Lawrence Dundas]]
|votes = 314
|percentage = 57.9
|change = -42.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent Liberal
|candidate = Charles Edward Brunskill Cooke<ref>{{cite news|title=Representation of Richmond|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000031/18721106/088/0003|access-date=18 January 2018|work=[[Aberdeen Press and Journal]]|date=6 November 1872|page=3|via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Richmond|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000252/18721109/038/0003|access-date=18 January 2018|work=Staffordshire Advertiser|date=9 November 1872|page=3|via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|votes = 228
|percentage = 42.1
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 86
|percentage = 15.8
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 542
|percentage = 79.5
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 682
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}

Dundas succeeded to the peerage, becoming Earl of Zetland.

{{Election box begin| title=[[1873 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 27 May 1873]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[John Dundas (1845-1892)|John Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=[[1874 United Kingdom general election|General election 1874]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[John Dundas (1845-1892)|John Dundas]]
|votes = 313
|percentage = 54.7
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent Liberal
|candidate = Charles Edward Brunskill Cooke
|votes = 259
|percentage = 45.3
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 54
|percentage = 9.4
|change = −53.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 572
|percentage = 81.0
|change = +9.9
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 706
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Elections in the 1880s ===
{{Election box begin| title=[[1880 United Kingdom general election|General election 1880]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832">{{cite book|editor1-last=Craig|editor1-first=F. W. S.|editor-link=F. W. S. Craig|title=British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885|date=1977|publisher=Macmillan Press|location=London|isbn=978-1-349-02349-3|edition=1st|type=e-book}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[John Dundas (1845-1892)|John Dundas]]
|votes = 447
|percentage = 75.8
|change = +21.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = George Swinburne-King<ref>{{cite news|title=The Tory Instructions to Voters|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000499/18800331/101/0005|access-date=10 December 2017|work=York Herald|date=31 March 1880|page=5|via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|votes = 143
|percentage = 24.2
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 304
|percentage = 51.6
|change = +42.2
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 590
|percentage = 84.8
|change =+3.8
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 696
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=[[1885 United Kingdom general election|General election 1885]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="ReferenceA">British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, FWS Craig</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">The Liberal Year Book, 1907</ref><ref>Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Frederick Milbank]]
|votes =4,869
|percentage =53.0
|change = −22.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Sir George Elliot, 2nd Baronet|George Elliot]]
|votes =4,320
|percentage =47.0
|change = +22.8
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =549
|percentage =6.0
|change = −45.6
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,189
|percentage =81.8
|change = −3.0
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 11,237
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = −22.8
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin| title=[[1886 United Kingdom general election|General election 1886]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Sir George Elliot, 2nd Baronet|George Elliot]]
|votes =4,810
|percentage =55.5
|change =+8.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Sir Edmund Turton, 1st Baronet|Edmund Turton]]
|votes =3,859
|percentage =44.5
|change =-8.5
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =951
|percentage =11.0
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,669
|percentage =77.1
|change = −4.7
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 11,237
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =Conservative Party (UK)
|loser =Liberal Party (UK)
|swing =+8.5
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Elections in the 1890s ===
{{Election box begin| title=[[1892 United Kingdom general election|General election 1892]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Sir George Elliot, 2nd Baronet|George Elliot]]
|votes =4,340
|percentage =50.9
|change =-4.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Sir Edmund Turton, 1st Baronet|Edmund Turton]]
|votes =4,181
|percentage =49.1
|change =+4.6
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =159
|percentage =1.8
|change =-9.2
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =8,521
|percentage =79.9
|change =+2.8
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 10,669
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =-4.6
}}
{{Election box end}}
[[File:John Hutton (Conservative).jpg|thumb|120px|Hutton]]
{{Election box begin| title=[[1895 United Kingdom general election|General election 1895]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="ReferenceC">Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =[[John Hutton (Conservative politician)|John Hutton]]
|votes =4,555
|percentage =53.4
|change =+2.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Sir Edmund Turton, 1st Baronet|Edmund Turton]]
|votes =3,971
|percentage =46.6
|change =-2.5
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =584
|percentage =6.8
|change =+5.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,526
|percentage =79.9
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 10,669
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =+2.5
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Elections in the 1900s ===
[[File:Geoffrey Howard 1906 transparent.png|thumb|120px|Howard]]
{{Election box begin| title=[[1900 United Kingdom general election|General election 1900]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="ReferenceC">Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901</ref><ref name="craig1885">{{cite book|editor1-last=Craig|editor1-first=F. W. S.|title=British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885–1918|date=1974|publisher=Macmillan Press|location=London|isbn=9781349022984}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =[[John Hutton (Conservative politician)|John Hutton]]
|votes =4,573
|percentage = 59.5
|change =+6.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Geoffrey Howard (Liberal politician)|Geoffrey Howard]]
|votes =3,117
|percentage = 40.5
|change =−6.1
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =1,456
|percentage = 19.0
|change = +12.2
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,690
|percentage = 74.2
|change = −5.7
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 10,369
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +6.1
}}
{{Election box end}}
[[File:Francis Acland.jpg|thumb|120px|Acland]]
{{Election box begin| title=[[1906 United Kingdom general election|General election 1906]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="craig1885"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Francis Dyke Acland]]
|votes = 4,470
|percentage = 50.6
|change = +10.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland|Lawrence Dundas]]
|votes = 4,368
|percentage = 49.4
|change = -10.1
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 102
|percentage = 1.2
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,838
|percentage = 87.4
|change = +13.2
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 10,112
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|loser = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +10.1
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Elections in the 1910s ===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[January 1910 United Kingdom general election|General election January 1910]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceD">Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =[[William Orde-Powlett, 5th Baron Bolton|William Orde-Powlett]]
|votes =5,246
|percentage =55.8
|change = +6.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Francis Dyke Acland]]
|votes =4,163
|percentage =44.2
|change = −6.4
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =1,083
|percentage =11.6
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =9,409
|percentage =89.7
|change =+2.3
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 10,485
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =Conservative Party (UK)
|loser =Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = +6.4
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[December 1910 United Kingdom general election|General election December 1910]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceD">Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party =Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =[[William Orde-Powlett, 5th Baron Bolton|William Orde-Powlett]]
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner =Conservative Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}
'''General Election 1914–15''':

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
*'''Unionist''': [[William Orde-Powlett, 5th Baron Bolton|William Orde-Powlett]]
*'''Liberal''':

{{Election box begin|
|title=[[1918 United Kingdom general election|General election 1918]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="Craig, F. W. S. 1983">Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. {{ISBN|0-900178-06-X}}.</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link coalition 1918|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate =[[Murrough Wilson]]
|votes = 9,857
|percentage = 66.8
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[National Farmers Union of England and Wales|National Farmers Union]]
|candidate = William Parlour
|votes = 4,907
|percentage = 33.2
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,950
|percentage = 33.6
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 14,764
|percentage = 48.1
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end 1918}}

==Election results 1832–1868==
===Elections in the 1830s===
{{Election box begin no change| title=[[1832 United Kingdom general election|General election 1832]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Robert Lawrence Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[John Dundas (1808–1866)|John Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors no change|
|reg. electors = 273
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change| title=[[1835 United Kingdom general election|General election 1835]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dundas, 2nd Earl of Zetland|Thomas Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Alexander Speirs]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors no change|
|reg. electors = 278
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change| title=[[1837 United Kingdom general election|General election 1837]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Thomas Dundas, 2nd Earl of Zetland|Thomas Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Alexander Speirs]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors no change|
|reg. electors = 272
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

Dundas succeeded to the peerage, becoming 2nd [[Earl of Zetland]] and causing a by-election.

{{Election box begin no change| title=[[1839 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 12 March 1839]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Robert Lawrence Dundas]]
|votes = 162
|percentage = 66.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Miles Thomas Stapleton, 8th Baron Beaumont|Miles Thomas Stapleton
|votes = 80
|percentage = 33.1
}}
{{Election box majority no change|
|votes = 82
|percentage = 33.8
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 242
|percentage = 85.2
}}
{{Election box registered electors no change|
|reg. electors = 284
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1840s===
Speirs resigned by accepting the office of [[Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds]], causing a by-election.

{{Election box begin| title=[[1841 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 16 February 1841]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/><ref name="stookssmith"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[George Wentworth-FitzWilliam]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 276
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=[[1841 United Kingdom general election|General election 1841]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/><ref name="stookssmith"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[John Dundas (1808–1866)|John Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[William Ridley-Colborne]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 276
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

Colborne's death caused a by-election.

{{Election box begin| title=[[April 1846 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 8 April 1846]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Sir Henry Rich, 1st Baronet|Henry Rich]]
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

Rich was appointed a [[Lord Commissioner of the Treasury]], causing a by-election.

{{Election box begin| title=[[July 1846 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 13 July 1846]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Sir Henry Rich, 1st Baronet|Henry Rich]]
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=[[1847 United Kingdom general election|General election 1847]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Sir Henry Rich, 1st Baronet|Henry Rich]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 283
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1850s===
{{Election box begin| title=[[1852 United Kingdom general election|General election 1852]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Sir Henry Rich, 1st Baronet|Henry Rich]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 243
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=[[1857 United Kingdom general election|General election 1857]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Sir Henry Rich, 1st Baronet|Henry Rich]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 342
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=[[1859 United Kingdom general election|General election 1859]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Sir Henry Rich, 1st Baronet|Henry Rich]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 327
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner =Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner =Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Elections in the 1860s===
Rich's resignation caused a by-election.

{{Election box begin| title=[[1861 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 9 July 1861]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne|Roundell Palmer]]
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner =Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}

Palmer was appointed [[Attorney General for England and Wales]], causing a by-election.

{{Election box begin| title=[[1863 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 17 October 1863]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne|Roundell Palmer]]
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner =Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=[[1865 United Kingdom general election|General election 1865]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne|Roundell Palmer]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[John Dundas (1808–1866)|John Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 316
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner =Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner =Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}

Dundas' death caused a by-election.

{{Election box begin| title=[[1866 Richmond (Yorks) by-election|By-election, 6 March 1866]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="craig1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)|Marmaduke Wyvill]]
|votes = 213
|percentage = 94.2
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = William Henry Roberts<ref>{{cite news|title=Richmond Election|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18660310/002/0002|access-date=16 March 2018|work=[[Yorkshire Gazette]]|date=10 March 1866|page=2|via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|votes = 13
|percentage = 5.8
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 200
|percentage = 88.4
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 226
|percentage = 71.5
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 316
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Pre–1832 election results==
===Elections in the 1830s===
{{Election box begin no change| title=[[1830 United Kingdom general election|General election 1830]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="hop1820-1832">{{cite web |last1=Casey |first1=Martin |title=Richmond |url=http://www.histparl.ac.uk/volume/1820-1832/constituencies/richmond |website=The History of Parliament |access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Robert Lawrence Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[John Dundas (1808–1866)|John Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change| title=[[1831 United Kingdom general election|General election 1831]]: Richmond (Yorks)<ref name="stookssmith"/><ref name="hop1820-1832"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[Robert Lawrence Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = [[John Dundas (1808–1866)|John Dundas]]
}}
{{Election box registered electors no change|
|reg. electors = 273
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of parliamentary constituencies in North Yorkshire]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*D. Brunton & D. H. Pennington, ''Members of the Long Parliament'' (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
*''Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803'' (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150904125310/http://www2.odl.ox.ac.uk/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=p-000-00---0modhis06--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4------0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---00001-001-1-1isoZz-8859Zz-1-0&a=d&cl=CL1]
* F. W. S. Craig, ''British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885'' (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
* J. Holladay Philbin, ''Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
* Henry Stooks Smith, ''The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847'' (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig – Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
* ''The Constitutional Yearbook for 1913'' (London: National Unionist Association)

==External links==
*[https://mapit.mysociety.org/area/13318.html Richmond (Yorks) UK Parliament constituency] (boundaries April 1997 – April 2010) at ''MapIt UK''
*[https://mapit.mysociety.org/area/65722.html Richmond (Yorks) UK Parliament constituency] (boundaries April 2010 – May 2024) at ''MapIt UK''

{{S-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Huntingdon (constituency)|Huntingdon]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Constituency represented by the [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|leader of the opposition]]
| years = 1997–2001
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Chingford and Woodford Green]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Bromsgrove (UK Parliament constituency)|Bromsgrove]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Constituency represented by the [[chancellor of the Exchequer]]
| years = 2020–2022
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Stratford-on-Avon (UK Parliament constituency)|Stratford-on-Avon]]
}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[South West Norfolk]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies represented by sitting prime ministers|Constituency represented by the prime minister]]
| years = 2022–2024
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Richmond and Northallerton]]
}}
{{end}}

{{William Hague}}
{{Rishi Sunak}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Parliamentary constituencies in North Yorkshire (historic)]]
[[Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1585]]
[[Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 2024]]
[[Category:Richmondshire]]
[[Category:Richmond, North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Rishi Sunak]]

Paramardi

2026-04-03T13:49:09Z

Samyakk clothing: Put up the pg w/ infobox.

{{Short description|King of Jejakabhukti from 1165 to 1203}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Paramardi
| title = Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara, Kalanjaradhipati
| succession = King of [[Jejakabhukti]]
| reign = 1165–1203
| predecessor = [[Madanavarman]] or [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)|Yashovarman II]]
| successor = [[Trailokyavarman]]
| death_date = 1203
| death_place = [[Kalinjar Fort|Kalinjar]]
| father = Yashovarman II
| dynasty = [[Chandela]]
}}
'''Paramardi''' (reigned {{circa}} 1165–1203) was a king of the [[Chandela]] dynasty of central India. He was the last powerful Chandela king, and ruled the Jejakabhukti region ([[Bundelkhand]] in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]). Around 1182–83, [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], raided the Chandela capital [[Mahoba]]. Paramardi managed to recover the Chandela power over the next few years, but was defeated by the [[Ghurids|Ghurid]] general [[Qutb ud-Din Aibak]] around 1202–03.

== Early life ==

Paramardi's [[Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh|Bateshvar]] inscription suggests that he succeeded his father [[Yashovarman II (Chandela dynasty)|Yashovarman]]. However, other Chandela inscriptions (including those of his own) suggest that he succeeded his grandfather [[Madanavarman]]. It is possible that Yashovarman ruled for a very short period, or did not rule at all, having died while Madanavarman was still alive.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|pp=139-140}}

According to the ''Parmal Raso'', Paramardi ascended the throne at the age of 5 years. An [[Ajaygarh]] inscription appears to corroborate this claim: it states that Paramardi was a leader even as a child (''bāl-opi netā'').{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=140}}

=== Names ===

Paramardi is mentioned as Paramardi-[[deva (Hinduism)|deva]] in Chandela inscriptions. The medieval bardic legends such as [[Alha-Khand]] call him Paramala or Parimala. In modern [[vernacular]]s, he is also known as Paramardidev, Parmar, Paramal Deo or Parimal Chandel (because of [[Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages|schwa deletion]]). A gold coin issued by him, featuring a seated goddess, gives his name as ''Srimat Paramardi''.{{sfn|P. C. Roy|1980|pp=54-55}} Another name for him is Paramardi-varman.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thapar |first=Romila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScYJAQAAQBAJ&dq=paramardivarman&pg=PT671 |title=The Past Before Us: Historical Traditions of Early North India |date=2013-11-04 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-72652-9 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reign ==
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Paramardi was the last of the powerful Chandela rulers, and has been mentioned in several legendary texts such as ''Paramala Raso'' (''Parmal Raso'' or ''Mahoba Khand''), ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]'' and ''Alha-Khand'' (''Alha Raso'' or Ballad of Alha). While these texts are based on historical events, much of their content has been fabricated to glorify either [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] or Paramardi. Thus, these texts are of doubtful historicity, and therefore, much of Paramardi's reign is shrouded in obscurity.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=141}}{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=120}}

Several Chandela inscriptions also mention Paramardi, but these contain little historical information. For example, the Semra copper-plate inscription vaguely eulogizes him as someonoe who surpassed [[Kamadeva|Makaradhvaja]] (the god of love) in handsomeness, the ocean in depth, the lord of heaven in majesty, [[Brihaspati]] in wisdom, and [[Yudhishthira]] in truthfulness. The Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription credits him with military victories and states that other kings bowed to him, but does not name any of these kings.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=141}} The Ajaygarh inscription of his grandson's wife Kalyanadevi similarly describes him as a universal sovereign, whose enemies were left in a pitiful condition.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=141}} Such claims of extensive conquests are not corroborated by historical evidence.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=143}}

=== Early career ===

The inscriptions from the first few years of Paramardi's reign have been found at Semra (1165-1166 CE), [[Mahoba]] (1166-1167 CE), [[Ichhawar]] (1171 CE), Mahoba (1173 CE), Pachar (1176 CE) and [[Charkhari]] (1178 CE).{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=119}} All of these inscriptions use the imperial titles for him: ''Paramabhattaraka-[[Maharajadhiraja]]-Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara Shri-Kalanjaradhipati Shrimanmat Paramardideva''. This indicates that in the early part of his reign, Paramardi retained the territories that he had inherited from his grandfather Madanavarman.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=120}}

An 1183 CE [[Mahoba]] inscription states that the lord of Tripuri fainted whenever he heard the songs about Paramardi's bravery. This suggests that Paramardi defeated a [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri king of Tripuri]], possibly [[Jayasimha (Kalachuri dynasty)|Jayasimha]].{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=143}}

=== Chahamana invasion ===
During 1182-1183 CE, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] ruler [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] invaded the Chandela kingdom of Jejakabhukti. The Chandela records do not mention this invasion, presumably to avoid describing the humiliating defeat of their king.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=120}}

According to the medieval ballads, Prithviraj was returning to [[Delhi]] after marrying the daughter of Padamsen. During this journey, he was attacked by Turkic forces ([[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurids]]). The Chauhan army managed to repulse the attacks, but suffered serious casualties in the process. They lost their way, and arrived in the Chandela capital [[Mahoba]]. The Chauhan force, which had a number of wounded soldiers among them, unknowingly set up a camp in the Chandela royal garden. They killed the keeper of the garden for objecting to their presence. When Paramardi learned about this, he sent some soldiers to counter the Chauhan force. The Chandelas suffered heavy losses in the ensuing conflict. Paramardi then decided to send another force led by his general [[Udal of Mahoba|Udal]] against Prithviraj. Udal advised against this proposal, arguing that it would not be appropriate to attack wounded soldiers or to antagonize a powerful king like Prithviraj. However, Paramardi was under the influence of his brother-in-law Mahil Parihar (Pratihara), who secretly harboured ill-will against the Chandelas. Mahil instigated Paramardi to go ahead with the attack plan. The Chandela force led by Udal then launched a second attack against the Chauhan army, but was defeated. The situation subsided when Prithviraj left for Delhi.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=121}}

Unable to bear Mahil Parihar's political scheming, Udal and his brother [[Alha]] left the Chandela court. They took shelter with [[Jaichand]], the [[Gahadavala]] ruler of [[Kannauj]].{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=121}} Mahil then sent a secret message to Prithviraj Chauhan, informing him that the best generals of Paramardi had left Mahoba. Instigated by him, Prithviraj set out from Delhi in 1182 CE and marched to the Chandela territory via [[Gwalior]] and [[Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh|Bateshwar]]. First, he besieged Sirsagarh, which was held by Malkhan, a cousin of Alha and Udal. Prithviraj tried to win over Malkhan, but Malkhan remained loyal to Paramardi and fought against the invaders. After Malkhan killed eight generals of the invading army, Prithviraj himself took charge of the battle. The Chandelas ultimately lost the battle, and Malkhan was killed.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=122}}

Prithviraj then started a march towards Mahoba. Facing an imminent defeat, Paramardi and his nobles sought a truce on the advice of his chief queen Malhan Devi. Prithviraj agreed to the truce, but remained encamped on the banks of the [[Betwa River]] in the Chandela territory. The Chandelas, meanwhile, requested Alha and Udal to come back from Kannauj.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=122}} The two brothers were initially hesitant, but agreed to return after their mother appealed them to honour their allegiance to the Chandelas. Jaichand dispatched an army led by his best generals, including two of his own sons, to support the Chandelas. Paramardi himself became nervous, and retreated to the [[Kalanjara]] fort with some of his soldiers. His son Brahmajit, along with Alha and Udal, led the Chandela army against Prithviraj Chauhan. In the ensuing battle, the Chandelas were defeated. Brahmajit, Udal and the two sons of Jaichand were killed in the conflict. After his victory, Prithviraj sacked the Chandela capital of Mahoba.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=123}}

Next, Prithviraj dispatched his general Chavand Rai to Kalanjara. The Chauhan army captured the fort, took Paramardi as prisoner, and marched back towards Delhi.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=124}} According to the ''Parmal Raso'', Alha's son Indal Kumar launched a surprise attack on the returning Chauhan army, and freed Paramardi. Out of shame, Paramardi later committed suicide at the Gajraj temple.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=124}} ''Parmal Raso'' states that his 50 wives committed [[sati (practice)|sati]] (self-immolation) after his death.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=149}} According to [[Chand Bardai]], he retired to [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] and died there.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=124}} The ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]'' states that Prithviraj appointed Pajjun Rai as the governor of Mahoba. Later, Paramardi's son Samarjit recaptured Mahoba with help of Narasimha, an officer of Jaichand. Samarjit then ruled the territory between Kalanjara and Gaya. However, no such prince is mentioned in the Chandela records.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=125}}

The exact historicity of this legendary narrative is debatable, but it is known that Prithviraj Chauhan indeed sacked Mahoba. This is corroborated by his stone inscriptions at [[Madanpur, Lalitpur, India|Madanpur]].{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=123}} However, the prolonged occupation of Mahoba or Kalanjara by Chauhans is not supported by historical evidence.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=125}} Moreover, it is known that Paramardi did not die or retire immediately after the Chauhan victory. He is known to have issued several inscriptions after this event: the Kalanjara rock inscription, the 1184 CE Mahoba stone inscription, the 1187 CE [[Ajaygarh]] stone inscription, the 1195 CE Baghari (Bateshvar) stone inscription, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara stone inscription.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=124}} These records give imperial titles for Paramardi, indicating that he remained a sovereign ruler.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=126}} The Muslim chronicles also provide evidence that Paramardi ruled until the beginning of the next century, when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the Chandela kingdom.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=125}}

The 1195 CE Bateshvar inscription states that other feudatory kings bowed before him, and the 1201 CE Kalanjara inscription describes him as the lord of [[Dasharna]] country. These evidences suggest that Paramardi managed to recover the Chandela power after Prithviraj Chauhan returned to Delhi.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=126}}

=== Ghurid invasion and death ===
{{See also|Siege of Kalinjar}}

According to a [[Kalanjara]] inscription, while one of Paramardi's predecessors had imprisoned the wives of the earthly rulers, Paramardi's heroics made even the divine rulers anxious about the safety of their wives. As a result, the gods let loose an army of [[mlechchhas]] (foreigners) against him, and made him face a defeat.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=143}}

Prithviraj Chauhan was killed after [[Second Battle of Tarain]] against the [[Ghurids]] in 1192. After defeating the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamanas]] (Chauhans) and the [[Gahadavala]]s, the Ghurid governor of Delhi planned an invasion of Chandela kingdom.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=147}} A force led by [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]], and accompanied by strong generals such as [[Iltutmish]], besieged the Chandela fort of [[Kalanjara]] in 1202.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=126}}

''Taj-ul-Maasir'', written by the Delhi chronicler [[Hasan Nizami]], states that Parmar (Paramardi) initially offered some resistance, but then fled to the safety of the fort. Subsequently, he surrendered before ruler of Delhi, and agreed to be his vassal.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=147}} He promised to pay a tribute to the Sultan, but died before he could execute this agreement. His [[dewan]] Aj Deo (Ajaya-Deva) continued to resist the ruler of Delhi after his death. The dewan was finally forced to surrender as the water reservoirs within the fort dried up during a drought. ''Taj-ul-Masir'' further states that after the Sultanate's victory, temples were converted into mosques and 50,000 men were taken as slaves. Qutb al-Din Aibak appointed Hazabbar-ud-Din Hasan Arnal as the governor of Kalanjara, and also captured [[Mahoba]].{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=148}}

The 16th century Muslim historian Firishta states that Paramardi was assassinated by his own minister, who disagreed with the king's decision to surrender to the Delhi forces.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=148}}

Firishta as well as Fakhruddin Mubarakshah state that the fall of Kalanjara happened in the [[Hijri year]] 599 (1202–1203 CE). According to ''Taj-ul-Masir'', Kalanjara fell on 20th of [[Rajab]], in the Hijri year 599, on Monday. However, this date corresponds to 12 April 1203, which was a Friday. Based on different interpretations of the historical sources, different scholars date the fall of Kalanjara to either 1202 or 1203.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=149}}

According to the Chandela inscriptions, Paramardi was succeeded by [[Trailokyavarman]].{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=126}}
== Administration ==

According to the Baghari inscription, Paramardi placed the burden of government on his prime minister Sallakshana, who was a [[Brahmin]] of [[Vashistha]] [[gotra]]. Sallakshana commissioned temples dedicated to [[Shiva]] and [[Vishnu]]. After his death, his son Purushottama inherited his post.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=149}}

The Baghari inscription also mentions one Gadadhara as Paramardi's minister of war and peace (''sandhna-vigraha-sachiva''). According to the [[Ajaygarh]] inscription of [[Bhojavarman]], a [[Kayastha]] named Gangadhara was the Kancukin ([[chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]]) of Paramardi. Gangadhara and his brother Jaunadhara are said to have fought at Kalanjara, possibly in the battle against the Delhi forces.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|pp=149-150}}

Ajayapala and Madanapala, the sons of a former [[senapati]] (general) Kilhana, were two Brahmin senapatis of Paramardi.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=150}} Ajayapala is also known to have been a senapati of Paramardi's grandfather [[Madanavarman]].{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=136}} Muslim chronicles mention Aj Deo (Ajaya-Deva) as a [[dewan]] who continued to resist the Delhi forces after Paramardi's death. The medieval bardic tradition also mentions [[Alha]] and [[Udala]] (or Udal) as his generals. Other officers mentioned in the historical records include Mahipala and an ''amatya'' named Vatsaraja.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=150}}

Paramardi was a learned man, and is attributed as the author of a eulogy to [[Shiva]], inscribed on a stone at [[Kalanjara]].{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=150}} He patronized a number of scholars, including:{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=151}}

* Vatsaraja, the author of ''Rupa-Kashatakam'' (a collection of six plays)
* Gadadhara, a poet styled as ''Kavi-Chakravarti''
* Jaganika, the author of ''Alha-Khanda''
* Gunabhadra Munipa Saiddhanti, the [[Jain]] author of ''Dhanya-Kumara-Charita''

Although himself a [[Shaivite]], Paramardi was tolerant towards Buddhists, Jains and Vaishnavites. A copper-plate inscription shows that when he granted a village to a [[Brahmin]], he respected the rights of a Buddhist shrine located in that village. Several images of the Jain [[tirthankara]]s were set up at various places during his reign.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=151}} The best known of these are at the [[Aharji]] Jain Tirth Near [[Tikamgarh]].{{cn|date=December 2020}} His minister Sallakshana commissioned a [[Vishnu]] temple.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=151}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2Et2zZGJPUC&pg=PA53 |title=The Coinage of Northern India |author=P. C. Roy |publisher=Abhinav |year=1980 |isbn=9788170171225 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130 |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |author=R. K. Dikshit |publisher=Abhinav |year=1976 |isbn=9788170170464 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=irHN2UA_Z7gC&pg=PA113 |title=The Early Rulers of Khajurāho |author=Sisirkumar Mitra |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120819979 }}
{{ref end}}

{{Chandelas of Jejakabhukti}}

[[Category:Chandelas of Jejakabhukti]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]

Anil Kumar Sharma (Delhi politician)

2026-04-03T05:29:43Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{BLP one source|date=February 2015}}{{Infobox Indian politician|office=Member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]}}
'''Anil Sharma''' (born 3 July 1971) is an Indian Politician and a leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He is currently serving as a member of [[8th Delhi Assembly]] from RK Puram Assembly constituency. Previously, he was elected to [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] from [[R K Puram Assembly constituency|R K Puram constituency]] in [[5th Delhi Assembly|Fifth Delhi Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/whos_who/VthAssembly/AnilKumarSharma.htm|title = Anil Kumar Sharma}}</ref>
<ref>https://www.facebook.com/BjpAnilSharma/ {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3877-delhi-2013/|title=Delhi 2013 Election Commission of India|access-date=3 August 2022|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Anil Kumar}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2013–2015]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]

{{Delhi-BJP-politician-stub}}

Timepass (film)

2026-04-02T13:04:22Z

Samyakk clothing: Started First Data Needs Work

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Timepass
| image = Timepass_(film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ravi Jadhav]]
| producer = {{unbulleted list|[[Zee Talkies]]|Nikhil Sane}}
| screenplay = {{unbulleted list|[[Ravi Jadhav]]|[[Priyadarshan Jadhav]]}}
| story = [[Ravi Jadhav]] inspired from [[Shaiju Mathew]]'s novel [[Knocked Up (Novel)|Knocked Up]]
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Prathamesh Parab]]|[[Ketaki Mategaonkar]]|[[Bhushan Pradhan]]|[[Urmila Kothare]]}}
| music = [[Chinar - Mahesh]]
| cinematography = Vasudeo Rane
| editing = Jayant Jathar Nitesh Rathod
| studio = {{unbulleted list|[[Zee Talkies]]}}
| distributor = {{unbulleted list|[[Zee Talkies]]}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|01|03}}
| runtime = 143 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget = {{INRConvert |2 |C }}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/superhero-film-baji-marks-a-new-direction-for-marathi-cinema-and-shreyas-talpade/|title=Superhero film Baji marks a new direction for Marathi cinema and Shreyas Talpade|date=25 January 2014 |publisher=|accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref>
| gross = {{INRConvert |33 |C }}<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Ravi-Jadhav-Riteish-Deshmukh-Timepass-Lai-Bhaari-Timepass-2-Duniyadari/articleshow/39363174.cms?|title=After Duniyadari, will Lai Bhaari break Timepass' record?|work=The Times of India|accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/monetary-boost-giving-marathi-cinema-a-new-lease-of-life/15648157|title=Monetary boost giving Marathi cinema a new lease of life?|date=7 October 2014|work=mid-day|accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Commercial-entertainers-make-in-entry-in-Marathi-films/articleshow/46893309.cms|title=Commercial entertainers make in entry in Marathi films|work=The Times of India|date=12 April 2015 |accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Timepass''''' is a 2014 Indian [[Marathi-language]] [[romantic drama film]] about teenage love set in the 1990s between Dagadu ([[Prathamesh Parab]]) and Prajakta ([[Ketaki Mategaonkar]]). It also stars [[Bhalchandra Kadam]], [[Vaibhav Mangle]], [[Bhushan Pradhan]] and [[Urmila Kothare]]. It was directed by [[Ravi Jadhav]], who has provided prior hits like ''[[Balak-Palak]]'', ''[[Balgandharva (film)|Balgandharva]]'', and ''[[Natarang]]''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/KYhiSTqNNAPN9bzm8JlAhP/Ten-Marathi-films-remade-in-other-languages.html|title=Ten Marathi films remade in other languages|first=Lata|last=Jha|date=11 September 2017|website=mint}}</ref>

The film was the highest grosser of [[Marathi cinema]] until its box office record was broken by [[Ritesh Deshmukh]]'s ''[[Lai Bhaari]]''. This film was later remade in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] as ''[[Andhra Pori]]''.<ref name="auto"/> Its sequel ''[[Timepass 2]]'' was released on 1 May 2015.

A third part to the film, titled ''[[Timepass 3]]'', was announced in 2022. It was directed by [[Ravi Jadhav]] under the banner of Athaansh Communications and [[Zee Studios]]. ''Timepass 3'' was released on 29 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Timepass 3': Prathamesh Parab and Hruta Durgule starrer is all set to hit screens on July 29, 2022; Watch teaser |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/timepass-3-prathamesh-parab-and-hruta-durgule-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-july-29-2022-watch-teaser/articleshow/91939645.cms |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=The Times of India |date=June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Everybody from school criticizes Dagdu for his behavior. On the result day, a student insults Dagdu about his failure. Dagdu punished him by making him a "kombada". later, someone informs Dagdu that Shantaram, his father, is looking for him. He goes home with happily. His father beats him up for failing in all subjects and throws him out of the house. His friends console him and advise him to have an affair so that love will blossom in his life. He decides to distribute newspapers, where he meets Madhav Lele. In the college campus he meets Prajakta Lele, daughter of Madhav Lele and vows to have an affair with her. Dagdu follows Prajakta and they start loving each other. Soon Madhav Lele finds out about the affair and separates them. Dagdu promises and says that he'll come back.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Prathamesh Parab]] as Dagadu Parab
* [[Ketaki Mategaonkar]] as Prajakta Lele
* [[Vaibhav Mangle]] as Madhavrao (Shakal) Lele, Prajakta's father
* [[Bhalchandra Kadam]] as Shantaram (Appa) Parab, Dagadu’s father
* [[Meghana Erande]] as Anuja Lele, Prajakta's mother
* [[Urmila Kanitkar]] as Spruha Kelkar
* [[Bhushan Pradhan]] as Vallabh Lele, Prajakta’s brother
* Aarti Wadgabalkar as Manda Parab, Dagadu’s sister
* Manmeet Pem as Balbharti, Dagadu’s friend
* Sai Gharpure as Prajakta's friend
* [[Onkar Raut]] as Kombada, Dagadu’s friend
* Anvita Phaltankar as Chanda Tare
* Jayesh Chavan as Malaria, Dagdu's friend
* Uday Sabnis as Prajakta's uncle
* [[Shibani Dandekar]] as Dancer in 'Hi Poli Saajuk Tupatali'
}}

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Timepass 2
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Chinar - Mahesh]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|12|30}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/timepass-2-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/981412851 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512044015/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/timepass-2-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/981412851 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 May 2018 |title=Timepass 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 31:53
| label = Zee Music Marathi
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Timepass 2]]
| next_year = 2014
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|https://FLx_Y9yhjxU|Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}

The lyrics for the film are penned by Mangesh Kangane and Kshitij Patwardhan with music composed by [[Chinar - Mahesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saavn.com/p/album/marathi/Timepass-2-2015/xuN,XU7dVDU_|title=Timepass 2|work=saavn.com}}</ref>

===Track listing===
{{track listing
| headline = Timepass
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 31:53
| title1 = Mala Ved Lagale
| extra1 = [[Ketaki Mategaonkar]], [[Swapnil Bandodkar]]
| length1 = 4:20
| title2 = Phulpakharu
| extra2 = [[Swapnil Bandodkar]]
| length2 = 4:34
| title3 = Daatale Reshmi
| extra3 = [[Mahalaxmi Iyer]], Chinar Kharkar
| length3 = 5:21
| title4 = Hi Poli Saajuk Tupatli
| extra4 = Reshma Sonawane
| length4 = 4:37
| title5 = Prem Ki Yatana
| extra5 = Chinar Kharkar
| length5 = 5:15
}}

==Reception==
Aparna Phadke of ''[[The Times of India]]'' praised the performances of the lead actors and commented that the film is "worth a watch",<ref>{{cite news|last=Phadke|first=Aparna|title=Time Pass (Review)|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/Time-Pass/movie-review/28342838.cms|accessdate=17 January 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=3 January 2014}}</ref> and Shakti Salgaokar of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' called the picture "an entertaining experience"; both reviewers awarded the film 4/5.<ref>{{cite news|last=Salgaokar|first=Shakti|title=Review: Marathi film Time Pass is worth your time|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/blogs/post-review-marathi-film-time-pass-is-worth-your-time-1947411|accessdate=17 January 2014|newspaper=Daily News and Analysis|date=8 January 2014}}</ref>

==Box office==
Timepass opened to thunderous response at Box Office in [[Maharashtra]]. It collected {{INRConvert|6.5|C}} in its 3-day weekend and {{INRConvert|10|C}} in first five days of its release. First week collections stood at {{INRConvert|13.8|c}}. In two weeks it surpassed the collections of ''[[Duniyadari]]'' and became highest-grossing movie in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] until its record was broken by ''[[Lai Bhaari]]''. It ended up collecting {{INRConvert|33|C}} at the box office in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Film}}
[[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Marathi|Highest grossing Marathi films]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3446426}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s teen romance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian teen romance films]]
[[Category:2014 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Marathi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ravi Jadhav]]
[[Category:Indian film series]]

Ram Deo Ram

2026-03-24T16:40:08Z

Samyakk clothing: rework lead additionally and added references

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 8th August 1932)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
'''Ram Deo Ram''' (born 8th August 1932 in [[Garhi, Palamau district|Garhi]], [[Palamau district]]) is an Indian politician and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Ram was a first term member of the [[Lok Sabha]] in 1991 from the [[Palamu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamu constituency]] in [[Palamau]], [[Jharkhand]].<ref>[http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3573.htm Members Bioprofile]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/state-editions/ex-dgp-to-move--in-palamu-with-lotus-symbol.html | title=Ex-DGP to move in Palamu with lotus symbol | date=16 March 2014 | newspaper=The Pioneer | author=PNS | accessdate=14 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/vadgaon-sheri.html Vadgaon Sheri (Maharashtra) Election Results 2014]</ref>

He was elected to [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in 1967–69, 1977 & 1990. He was secretary of [[Jan Sangh]] he has four brouther
Elder one (kauleshwar ram)older is (bhashdev ram) and (shivsankar ram)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, Ram Deo}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Palamu district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1967–1969]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1977–1980]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1980–1985]]

{{Jharkhand-BJP-politician-stub}}

Yakshi (film)

2026-03-24T07:33:00Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yakshi
| image = Yakshi film poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]]
| screenplay = [[Thoppil Bhasi]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Yakshi (novel)|Yakshi]]''|[[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]]}}
| producer = M. O. Joseph
| starring = [[Sathyaneshan Nadar|Sathyan]] [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]
| cinematography = [[Melli Irani]]
| editing = M. S. Mani
| music = [[Devarajan]]
| studio = Manjilas
| distributor = Vimala Release
| released = {{Film date|1968|6|30|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Yakshi''''' is a 1968 [[Malayalam]]-language [[psychological thriller]] film, directed by [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]] and written by [[Thoppil Bhasi]], based on [[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]]'s [[Yakshi (novel)|novel of the same name]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=143 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}</ref> The film stars [[Sathyaneshan Nadar|Sathyan]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]], [[Adoor Bhasi]], [[N. Govindan Kutty]], [[Bahadoor]], Ushakumari, [[Sukumari]], Rajakokila and Radhika. It is considered by historians to be the first psychological thriller in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkiteswaran |first=C. S. |date=18 June 2006 |title=Auteur par excellence |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/06/18/stories/2010061857770100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2022-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109063438/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/06/18/stories/2010061857770100.htm |archive-date=2012-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-09-22 |title=Yakshi (1968) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/yakshi-1968/article5153979.ece |access-date=2022-12-15}}</ref>

== Plot ==

A college lecturer Sreenivasan is doing research on the unscientific and superstitious topic of the [[Yakshi]]s. He is disfigured in an accident in his college lab. Everyone adored him begins to hate him and keep away from him for his looks. He meets a beautiful woman, Ragini. She is willing to accept him despite his disfigurement. Sreenivasan marries Ragini and they lead a happy life. After a while, Sreenivasan has doubts about the identity of his wife; he suspects that she is a Yakshi. He dreams that Ragini wants to murder him to gain immortality by drinking his blood. Sreenivasan allows her to take his life, but because of the strong passion and love towards him, Ragini lets him live and disappears. When Sreenivasan wakes up from the dream, policemen take him to a psychiatrist on the basis of the missing of Ragini and Sreenivasan's retarded behaviour. Sreenivasan tells them cops that, Ragini is a Yakshi and disappeared in front of him. But no one believes him. The psychiatrist reveals to the cops that, Sreenivasan is mentally ill because of his constant thoughts about Yakshis. He confesses that he murdered Ragini while she was dressing up due to his mental illness.

== Cast ==
*[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] as Ragini, Sreenivasan's beautiful wife
*[[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] as Professor Sreenivasan (Sreeni)
*[[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Vanaja
*[[Adoor Bhasi]] as Ananthan
*[[Sukumari]] as Kalyani
*[[Bahadoor]] as Paramu
*[[N. Govindankutty]] as Chandran
*Radhika
*[[Rajakokila]] as Chandran's Wife
*[[Vennira Aadai Nirmala|Ushakumari]] as Vijayalakshmi

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Vayalar Ramavarma]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=യക്ഷി (1968) |url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3130 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=malayalasangeetham.info |language=ml}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers
|-
| "Chandrodayathile" || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Chandrodayathile" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], S. Janaki
|-
| "Padmaraagappadavukal" || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Swarnachaamaram Veeshiyethunna" || K. J. Yesudas, [[P. Leela]]
|-
| "Swarnachaamaram" (F) || P. Leela
|-
| "Vilichu Njan Vilikettu" || P. Susheela
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0255706}}

[[Category:1968 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1960s psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]

Malavika Nair (Malayalam actress)

2026-03-14T10:48:28Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{distinguish|Malvika Nair{{!}}another Malayalam actress with a similar name}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Malavika Nair
| image = "MalavikaAmmu".jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name = Malavika Nair
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater =
| notable_works = ''[[Karutha Pakshikal]]'' ''[[Oomakkuyil Padumbol]]''
| occupation = Actress
| othername =
| awards = [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist]]
| yearsactive = 2004{{ndash}}present
| relatives =

}}
'''Malavika Nair''' is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in [[Malayalam]] films. She has appeared in more than 20 films, mostly as a child artist and is a two time recipient of the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist]], in 2006 and 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Best child artiste Malavika Nair has big plans |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/best-child-artiste-malavika-nair-has-big-plans/article3660519.ece |accessdate=10 January 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=20 July 2012 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/photo-gallery/cinema/actress-divya-unni-latest-photoshoots-viral-on-social-media/photoshow/96969873.cms |title=രവി വർ‍മ ചിത്രങ്ങൾ പോലെ സ്ത്രീത്വത്തിൻ്റെ അഴക് വിരിച്ച് 'മാളവിക നായർ' ചിത്രങ്ങൾ കാണാം |work=Times of India Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/080417/working-with-the-biggies-malavika-nair.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408062341/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/080417/working-with-the-biggies-malavika-nair.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 April 2017 |title=Working with the biggies: Malavika Nair |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Malavika Nair was born in Thrissur.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/actress-malavika-nair-s-graduation-day-photos-1.8080846 |title=ജേണലിസത്തിൽ ടോപ്പറായി മാളവിക |work=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

== Education ==
Malavika Nair became the topper{{clarify|date=March 2023}} in journalism and mass communication in the academic year 2020–2022 at St Teresa's College, Ernakulam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ജേണലിസത്തിൽ ടോപ്പറായി മാളവിക, സ്വപ്നം പിന്തുടരാൻ പ്രചോദനമായവർക്ക് നന്ദിയെന്ന് താരം |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/actress-malavika-nair-s-graduation-day-photos-1.8080846 |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=26 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Malavika Nair thrilled about passing PG with high distinction |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/07/23/malavika-nair-pg-marks-high-distinction.html |accessdate=23 July 2022 |work=Onmanorama |date=23 July 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Career ==
Malavika began her career as a child actress in Malayalam television serials. Malayalam film director Shri. [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]] then cast her in his acclaimed film ''[[Karutha Pakshikal]]''. This role won her the Kerala State Film Award. She has also acted in other Malayalam movies – ''[[Yes Your Honour]]'', ''Maya Bazar'', ''[[Orkkuka Vallappozhum]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sohanlal.com/index.php/10-trilogy/4-orkkukavallappozhum-remember-me |title=Cast |publisher=sohanlal.com}}</ref> ''[[Shikkar]]'', ''[[Penpattanam]]'', ''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]'', ''Little Master'', ''[[Vaadhyar]]'', ''[[The Reporter (film)|The Reporter]]'', ''[[Oomakkuyil Padumbol]]'', ''[[Naughty Professor]]'', ''[[Ithramathram (2012 film)|Ithra Mathram]]'', and ''Omega.Exe''.{{citation needed|date= December 2022}} She has completed 19 years in the film Industry.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/actress-malavika-nair-s-graduation-day-photos-1.8080846 |title=ജേണലിസത്തിൽ ടോപ്പറായി മാളവിക |work=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

==Awards==
Malavika got her first [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist]] for her portrayal of a poor blind girl, Malli, in the movie ''[[Karutha Pakshikal]]'' released in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=Small wonder on the big screen |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/small-wonder-on-the-big-screen/article2272759.ece |accessdate=10 January 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=22 June 2007 |language=en-IN}}</ref> She got her second [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist]] for her role as Reema in ''[[Oomakkuyil Padumbol]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=20 July 2012 |title=Siddique 'happy' and 'sad' with two Kerala state awards |publisher=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/siddique-happy-and-sad-with-kerala-state-awards-606201 |access-date=9 July 2021}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
! Film !! Role !! Language!!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006
|''[[Karutha Pakshikal]]''|| Malli || rowspan="20" | [[Malayalam]]||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/11/25/malavika-nair-st-teresas-college-niranjana-anoop-graduation.html |title=Actors Malavika Nair, Niranjana Anoop's graduation pics are the talk of the town |work=Malayala Manorama}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/080417/working-with-the-biggies-malavika-nair.html |title=Working with the biggies: Malavika Nair |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yes Your Honour]]''|| Ravishankar's daughter ||
|-
|2008
|''Maya Bazar''||Rameshan's daughter ||
|-
|2009
|''[[Orkkuka Vallappozhum]]''|| Paru ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
|''[[Shikkar]]''|| Sathyan's daughter ||
|-
|''[[Penpattanam]]''||Girija's daughter||
|-
|''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]''|| Student||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2012
|''[[Oomakkuyil Padumbol]]''|| Reema ||
|-
|''[[Naughty Professor]]'' || Karthika's daughter||
|-
|''[[Ithramathram (2012 film)|Ithra Mathram]]''||Anasuya ||
|-
|''[[Vaadhyar]]''|| Reshmi ||
|-
|''Little Master'' || ||
|-
|''Pankayam'' || Anjali's daughter||
|-
|2013
|''Omega.exe'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|''[[The Reporter (film)|The Reporter]]'' || Eby's sister||
|-
|''Akkaldameyile Pennu''|| Mariakutty||
|-
| 2016
|''[[Daffadar (film)|Daffadar]]''|| Aami||
|-
|2017
|''[[Georgettan's Pooram]]''|| Vava's wife||
|-
|2021
|''[[Bhramam]]''|| Vrinda||
|-
|2022
|''[[CBI 5: The Brain]]''|| Anuja||
|-
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year!!Serial !! Channel !! Notes
|-
|2004||Sahadharmini||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||Acting debut
|-
|2005||Krishnakripa Sagaram||[[Amrita TV]]||as [[Radha]]
|-
|2007||Sreeguruvayoorappan||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2007||[[Ente Manasaputhri]]||Asianet||
|-
|2008||Sreekrishnaleela||Asianet||
|-
|2009||Devimahathmyam||Asianet||as [[Lord Muruga]]
|-
|2010||Kunjali Marakkar||Asianet||as Devootty
|-
|2016||Smart Show||Flowers TV|| as Participant
|-
|2017||Vachakavum Pachakavum||Kairali TV|| as Presenter
|-
|2017||[[Katturumbu]]||Flowers TV|| as Mentor
|-
|2017||Yuva Film Awards||Asianet|| as Dancer
|-
|2018||Emmini Balya Fan||Amrita TV|| as Judge
|-
|2018-2019||Dance Kerala Dance||Zee Keralam||as Mentor
|-
|2019||New year promo||[[Kaumudy TV]]||as Herself
|-
|2020||Parayam Nedaam||Amrita TV||as Contestant
|-
|2021||Super 4 Juniors||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]|| as Celebrity Guest
|-

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|nm1701861|}}
* {{Instagram|instamalunair}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Malavika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Child actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian child actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television child actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Thrissur]]

Bisaul

2026-03-13T23:01:04Z

Samyakk clothing: created entry.

{{Short description|Village in Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bisaul
| official_name = Visaul
| native_name = बिसौल
| native_name_lang = mai
| settlement_type = Village
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.6262039|N|86.0032182|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Bihar
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila region]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = Madhubani district
| subdivision_type4 = Block
| subdivision_name4 = Harlakhi
| founder = [[Vishwasa Devi]]
| named_for = [[Vishwasa Devi]]
| population_demonym = [[Maithil]]
| footnotes = Capital of Mithila during the period of queen Vishwasa Devi of Oiniwar Dynasty
}}
[[File:Vishwamitra Ashram.jpg|thumb|right|250px|'''Vishvamitra Ashram''', located in Bishaul village, is a historical site '''In Left:''' The current saint of Vishvamitra Ashram.
'''In Right:''' The idol of Maharishi Vishvamitra ji located in Bishaul]]

'''Bishaul''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: बिशौल) also known as ''Vishaul'' is a historical village in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of [[Bihar]] in [[India]]. It is situated in the [[Madhubani district]] of Bihar. The village was founded by the queen [[Vishwasa Devi]] of the [[Oiniwar dynasty|Oiniwar Dynasty]] in the [[Videha|Mithila Kingdom]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Makhan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&q=Bisaul+Mithila |title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective |date=1997 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-034-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sangam |first=Ravi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bn77DwAAQBAJ&q=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%2C+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE |title=अयोध्या से मिथिला तक |date=2020-09-08 |publisher=Shangum Mass communication Pvt. Ltd. |language=hi}}</ref> There are differents religions and caste people are there in this village like Hindusm(Brahmin (Maithil Brahmin), Rajput,Mandal, Yadav, Koeri (Kushwaha), Kurmi, Bhumihar, Teli, Baniya, Kayastha, Musahar, Dom, Paswan (Dusadh), Chamar, Mallah (Nishad), Dhanuk, Kumhar, Nai, Dhobi etc.) and Muslim(Ansari, Sheikh, Pathan, Ashraf, Rayn, Sayyid )

== Description ==
According to historians, the village of Bisaul was founded by the queen [[Vishwasa Devi]] after her name. She transferred the capital of Mithila from [[Padma Village|Padma]] to Bisaul around 1431 CE.<ref name=":0" />

The existence of the village can also be traced from the period of [[Ramayana]]. In the village there is a pilgrimage site known as [[Vishwamitra Ashram, Bisaul|Vishwamitra Ashram]] believed to be the location where [[Vishvamitra|Guru Vishwamitra]], [[Rama|Lord Rama]] and [[Lakshmana]] stayed for a night before arriving in the [[Sita Swayamvara|Sita Swayamvara Shabha]] at the court of [[Janaka|King Janaka]] in [[Videha|Mithila]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-05 |title=Madhubani: यहां हुआ था राम सीता का मिलन... अनेक कहानियां जुड़ी हैं, बिहार के मधुबनी से |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/photo/ramayana-madhubani-bihar-harlakhi-block-lord-ram-janaki-sita-lakshman-vishwamitra-bihar-news-tstb-1140574-2020-10-05 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> Similarly during the annual [[Mithila Madhya Parikrama]], the village of Bisaul is the second last destination for the devotees and travellers of the circumambulation.

In the early times, the village was a prominent seat of [[Vedic learning in Mithila]]. The royal court of the queen Vishwasa Devi in the village was a centre of attraction for the Vedic scholars at that time.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Arun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NVtuAAAAMAAJ |title=Some Aspects of the Cultural History of Mithila: The Janaka Dynasty, the Karnātas & the Oinwāras |date=2005 |publisher=University Department of History and A.I.H.C. & Archaeology, T.M. Bhagalpur University |pages=27, 60 |language=en}}</ref>

Bisaul is also known for its religious festivals like [[Durga Puja]] and [[Kali Puja]] which are widely celebrated in the village.

== Geography ==
<div style="filter:sepia(70%);">
[[File:Kalaneshwar Dham Temple, Madhubani, Bihar,India.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Kalaneshwar Mahadev temple near Bishaul Village]]
</div>
Bisaul village spans an area of approximately 936.8 hectares. The village is situated in the Mithila region of Bihar and is part of the Harlakhi administrative block. the village is situated with Nepal to its north, Kalna village to the south, Karuna to the east, and Harlakhi to the west.

== Demographics ==
As of the 2011 Census of India, Bishaul has a total population of 8,172 individuals residing in 1,693 households. The gender distribution comprises 4,298 males and 3,874 females, resulting in a sex ratio of 901 females per 1,000 males. Children aged 0–6 years constitute 17% of the population, numbering 1,384 individuals (742 males and 642 females). The child sex ratio stands at 865 females per 1,000 males.

The literacy rate in Bishaul is 60.49%, with male literacy at 72.22% and female literacy at 47.59%. [[Scheduled Castes]] make up 13.3% of the population, totaling 1,087 individuals, while there is no recorded Scheduled Tribe population in the village.<ref>{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook: Madhubani (2011) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/286/download/794/DH_2011_1005_PART_A_DCHB_MADHUBANI.pdf |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Bisaul is administered under the Panchayati Raj system, with the Karuna Gram Panchayat serving as the local governing body. The village is part of the Harlakhi Block within the Madhubani district.

== Infrastructure ==
The village has access to basic amenities, including drinking water facilities primarily through hand pumps. As of the 2011 census, there were no public or private bus services directly within the village.<ref>{{cite web |title=Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract: Madhubani District (1981) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32464/download/35645/26922_1981_MAD.pdf |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref>

== Education ==
Bisaul hosts educational institutions up to the primary level.<ref>{{cite news |title=Inside a 700-Year-Old 'Groom Market' in India's Bihar State |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/4/inside-a-700-year-old-groom-market-in-indias-bihar-state |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=2022-08-04 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref>
For higher education, residents typically rely on facilities in nearby towns and cities.

== Economy ==
Agriculture is the predominant occupation in Bishaul, with most residents engaged in farming and related activities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Selection List (Class I to V) Panchayat Wise – Madhubani |url=https://madhubani.nic.in/selection-list-class-i-to-v-panchayat-wise/ |publisher=District Administration, Madhubani |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Village Level CLR Report - Bisaul |url=https://dilrmp.gov.in/dilrmpold/PhyscialComponent/CLR/village-level/1081 |publisher=Department of Land Resources, Government of India |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> The village lacks significant industrial development, and employment opportunities are primarily within the agricultural sector.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Villages in Madhubani district]]
[[Category:Sanskrit and Vedic learning in Mithila]]
[[Category:Capitals of Mithila]]

Pillai (surname)

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'''Pillai''' or '''Pillay''', ({{IPA|ml|piɭːai̯|IPA|}}) meaning "Child of King" (Prince) or "Child",<ref name=":3"/> is a surname or title found among the [[Malayalam]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking people of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].

In [[Kerala]], Pillai is the most common title among [[Nair|upper-caste Nairs]],<ref>a Kshatriya (Pillai Ilampel Pandarathil mentioned in Mark de Lannoy Kulasekhara Perumals of Travancore, Page 6 at para2</ref><ref name=":13"/> often bestowed by the ruling [[Samantha Kshatriya|royal families of Kerala]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Shungoonny Menon |first=P. |title=History of Travancore from the earliest times |date=1998 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0169-7 |edition=2nd AES repr. [d.Ausg.] Madras, Higginbotham, 1878 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> and less commonly found among [[Brahmin|some Brahmins]],<ref>a Brahmin (Pillai Idathara Potti) mentioned in Mark de Lannoy, Kulasekhara Perumals of Travancore, Page 6 at para2</ref> [[Saint Thomas Christians|Nazrani Mappila]] and [[Marar (caste)|Marars of Travancore]].<ref name=":13"/><ref>{{Cite book |title=A handbook of Kerala. 2 |date=2002 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |isbn=978-81-85692-31-9 |edition=1st |location=Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref>

In [[Tamil Nadu]], it is a most common surname among various [[Vellalar|high-ranking Vellalar subcastes]].{{Efn|1=The term "Vellalar" is a generic term for a group of high ranking Non-brahmin castes in TamilNadu<ref name="Peterson 2014 p. 355">{{cite book | last=Peterson | first=I.V. | title=Poems to Siva: The Hymns of the Tamil Saints | publisher=Princeton University Press | series=Princeton Library of Asian Translations | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-4008-6006-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQwABAAAQBAJ&q=vellala+high+ranking&pg=PA355 |access-date=16 February 2025 | page=45,355}}</ref>}}<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Pandian |first=Jacob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73msCkfD5V8C |title=Caste, Nationalism and Ethnicity: An Interpretation of Tamil Cultural History and Social Order |date=1987 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=9780861321360 |pages=110 |language=en}}</ref> It is less commonly found among some other Tamil-speaking castes, including [[Isai Vellalar]], [[Agamudayar]], etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfister |first=Raymond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJHYAAAAMAAJ |title=Soixante ans de pentecôtisme en Alsace (1930-1990): une approche socio-historique |date=1995 |publisher=P. Lang |isbn=9783631486207 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> A minority population of Tamil Pillais have migrated and can be found in some parts of Kerala and [[Karnataka]].

''In general, the concept of "[[Pillai (Kerala title)|the Pillai title of Kerala]]" and "[[Pillai (Vellalar)|the Pillai surname of Tamilnadu]]" have two different meanings and no direct relation with each other.''<ref>{{cite book|last=Doe|first=John|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|publisher=Publisher Name|year=2020|page=268|isbn=978-1-5381-0686-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&q=vellala+pillai}}</ref>

== Etymology and origin ==
According to epigraphic records, Pillai is an ancient title back to the Sangam Era that was used as a suffix and given to junior members of the royal family.<ref>See inscription at Kannankara temple, Trivandrum District. Quoted as Inscription 9/60 in P. Sundaram Pillai's Some Early Sovereigns of Travancore. Page 40-41 He makes the observation that they were in his opinion not men in the royal service.</ref> Originally a title meaning "royal child" or "Child of King" (prince), denoting nobility.<ref name=":3">{{cite book |last1=Sircar |first1=Dineschandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pySCGvdyYLIC&pg=PA166 |title=Indian Epigraphical Dictionary |year=1966 |isbn=9788120805620 |page=166|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. }}</ref> The title occurs both as a single name or as a suffix to the name, it came to be given to administrators of temples; often holding large estates on behalf of the latter.<ref name=MDL202>Mark de Lannoy,Kulasekhara Perumals of Travancore, Page 202</ref>

Early English records also address these hereditary ruling chiefs as the princes of Kerala ranking below the monarch. The most well known are the Pillais of the [[Pillai (Kerala title)|Eight Nair Noble Houses]], the [[Ettuveettil Pillamar]] of [[Travancore]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book | first=Lena | last=More | title=English East India Company and the local rulers in Kerala | year=2003 | publisher=Institute for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities | isbn=8188432040 }}</ref><ref name=":13"/>

=== Pillais of Kerala ===
In Kerala, the usage of the Pillai surname began with the royal family of Kerala. "Pillai" traditionally signifies a child of a [[royal family]] or [[prince]]. Pillai is a surname reserved for junior members of the [[Samantha Kshatriya|Kerala royal family]] who are descendants of Survyanshi and Chandravanshi Kshatriyas.

In the 12th century, with the formation of the Kulashekara Kingdom based in [[Kollam]] (later known as [[Venadu kingdom]]), the culture of Pillai nomenclature underwent significant changes. The Kulashekara Kings started using Pilla as an honorific title for their chieftains and lords, rather than members of the royal family. Members of the royal family now have a uniformed surname - [[Varma (surname)|Varma]], while children of the King who are not part of the royal family (due to the following of Marumakathayam laws where lineage moves via females of the house), their surname shall be [[Thampi and Thankachi|Thampi and Thangachi.]]<ref name="MDL202" />

During the Venad era, [[Pillai (Kerala title)|Pillai]] was the title given to [[Nair|Nair Landlords]] and Provincial governors, and those who had taxation power over [[Central Division (Travancore)|Quilon]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Trivandrum]] regions. The most famous among them being the [[Ettuveetil Pillamar|Ettuveetil Pillaimar]]. Gradually, it became one of the common surnames of the highest echelon of Nairs, who were mostly referred to as [[Madampi (Nair title)|Madambi]] or barons. These Nairs had the right to use the Pillai surname for all their family members.<ref name=":13"/>

However, with the formation of the [[Travancore|Travancore Kingdom]], the concept of Pilla underwent significant changes under the reign of Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma Maharaja, who centralized the rule of Travancore. The Pillai surname was given to those who were part of the Royal service, which includes advisors, bureaucrats, administrators, military commanders, etc., most of whom were of [[Nair]] and [[Malayali Brahmin|Brahmin]] origin.<ref name=":13"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Irschick |first1=Eugene F. |last2=Jeffrey |first2=Robin |date=1977 |title=The Decline of Nayar Dominance. Society and Politics in Travancore, 1847-1908. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2756149 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=150 |doi=10.2307/2756149 |jstor=2756149 |issn=0030-851X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The [[Pillai (Kerala title)|Pillai]] surname of [[Venadu kingdom]] and [[Travancore]] is fully reserved for [[Kshatriya|savarna subjects]], most of whom are equivalent to Kshatriyas and Brahmins in the northern caste system. It's important to note that the caste system in Kerala differs from that in other parts of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devasahayam |first=M. G. |date=2022-07-11 |title=Saint Devasahayam's anti-caste struggle angered Brahmins and Nairs, not his conversion |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/saint-devasahayams-anti-caste-struggle-angered-brahmins-and-nairs-not-his-conversion/1033774/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Pillais of Tamilnadu ===
Pillai or Pillay,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mallampalli |first=Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCsbyg90fXgC&dq=pillay+vellalar&pg=PA65 |title=Race, Religion and Law in Colonial India: Trials of an Interracial Family |date=2011-11-21 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-50507-9 |language=en}}</ref> is an ancient Tamil word meaning "child" or "younger ones." In the [[Chola dynasty|Chola court]], a specific group of Vellalars had a dispute over rights to certain land, with one faction claiming based on seniority, referred to as [[Mudaliar]], meaning "first one" and the other based on tenancy rights, referred to as Pillaiyar, meaning "younger one".,<ref name=":22"/> which also meaning "Child of Parvati" ([[Parvati|Parvati Devi]]),<ref>{{cite book | last = Arunachalam | first = M. | year = 1964 | title = The Vellalar: A study of their origin and history | publisher = University of Madras | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp_la9QMGIQC&q=vellalar&pg=PA204 }}</ref>

The plural form of "Pillai" is "Pillaimar", which transforms into "Pillaiyār" when the plural suffix is replaced by an honorific suffix. This transformation has led to semantic confusion, as the term "Pillaiyār" is also a common reference to the god [[Ganesha]] in Tamil tradition. While this linguistic overlap exists, the two usages are contextually distinct: one referring to the plural or honorific form of "Pillai," and the other to the deity.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Proceedings of the First International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-4sAQAAIAAJ&q=pillaimar |date=1966 |publisher=International Association of Tamil Research}}</ref>

Vellalar, a dominant landowning caste in Tamil society, possess a unique origin myth that emphasizes their elevated status and connection to [[divine|divine purity]]. This myth finds its roots in a symbolic pun that intertwines their [[cultural identity]] with their [[socio-economic]] role. The Vellalar claim to be the "children" (Pillai) of the [[goddess Parvati]], a revered deity in [[Hindu mythology]]. According to tradition, this divine lineage underscores the Vellalar’s purity, which is considered essential for the fertility of the land and the prosperity of the territories under their command.

The term Pillai, central to their origin narrative, carries dual connotations. On one hand, it reflects the notion of divine parentage, as the "children" of Parvati. On the other hand, Pillai is also a lordly title historically associated with landowning castes in southern Tamil Nadu, a region from which the majority of the Vellalar are believed to have originated.<ref>{{cite book | last = Arunachalam | first = M. | year = 1964 | title = The Vellalar: A study of their origin and history | publisher = University of Madras | url = https://books.google.co.inbooksid=Vp_la9QMGIQC&pg=PA204&dq=pillai+vellalar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlmrylzdaKAxWRSGwGHcE2GYY4FBDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=vellalar&f=false}}</ref>
As recorded by Arunachalam (1964), a branch of the Vellalar, who were traditionally regarded as the ruling caste of Tamil Nadu, claimed to have received grain and agricultural knowledge from the Earth Goddess Parvati. This divine gift of sustenance and skill is cited as the foundation of their identity as both the cultivators of food and the rulers of the land. To emphasize their importance, the Vellalar assert that they are creators of life itself, given their central role in food production.<ref>{{cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=K. |title=The Land and People of Tamil Nadu |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |year=1964 |page=204 |isbn=978-3-11-080775-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp_la9QMGIQC&q=vellalar&pg=PA204}}</ref>

While primarily associated with the Vellalar caste, The surname has also been adopted by some castes in Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka as a means of social upliftment, including the [[Konar (caste)|Konar]], [[Agamudaiyar]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=John|title=Caste, Nationalism, and Ethnicity|publisher=Publisher Name|year=2020|page=113|isbn=978-0-86132-136-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73msCkfD5V8C&dq=pillai+vellalar&pg=PA113}}</ref> [[Isai Vellalar]] and some other caste. These surnames have been considered markers of elevated social status and cultural identity in the respective communities.{{Efn|1=To be a Vellala in Tamil agrarian society meant an ancient entitlement to superior social status. Caste, therefore, legitimised eco- nomic entitlement. It was not enough to have entitlements over resources; it was also necessary, in the Tamil agrarian social order, to have these entitlements legitimised through Vellala status, or at least a Vellala honorific.{{sfnp|Meanings of agriculture : essays in South Asian history and economics|p=349}}}}

== Notable Tamil Pillais ==
Notable people with this surname or its variants include:

[[File:Champakraman Pillai.jpg|thumb|"Champakraman Pillai" Indian freedom fighter.|261x261px]]
[[File:Venkatarama Ramalingam Pillai 1989 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Venkatarama Ramalingam Pillai 1989 stamp of India|233x233px]]
* [[Ashan Pillai]] (born in Sri Lanka, 1969), British violist and academic
* [[Anton Sebastianpillai]] (1944/5–2020), author and consultant geriatrician
* [[Ananda Ranga Pillai]] (1709–1761), [[dubash]] in the service of [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]]
* [[Ariranga Pillay]] (born 1945), former Chief Justice and briefly Acting President of Mauritius
* [[Arumuka Navalar]], born as Kandarpillai Arumugapillai, a [[Sri Lanka]]n Hindu reformer
* [[Bastiampillai Anthonipillai Thomas]] (1886–1964), [[Sri Lankan Tamil]] priest and founder of Rosarians Order
* [[Bastiampillai Deogupillai]] (1917–2003), [[Sri Lankan Tamil]] Roman Catholic bishop
* [[C. W. Thamotharampillai]] (1832–1901), publisher of ancient Tamil texts
* [[Candice Pillay]] (born 1981), singer and songwriter
* [[Chempakaraman Pillai]] (1891–1934), freedom fighter from Travancore of Tamil descent
* [[Migapulle Arachchi|Chinna Migapillai]], 17th century [[feudal lord]] and rebel leader from the [[Jaffna Kingdom]]
* [[Dhanraj Pillay]] (born 1968), Indian hockey player
* [[Gerald Pillay]] (born 1953), South African theologian and [[ecclesiastical historian]], [[Vice Chancellor]] and Rector of [[Liverpool Hope University]].
* [[Gooty Kesava Pillai]] (1860–1933), Indian journalist and freedom-fighter. Delegate from Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh at the first session of the Indian National Congress.
* [[Jerry Pillay]] (born 1965), South African Reformed pastor, theologian and General Secretary of the [[World Council of Churches]].
* [[K. C. Pillai (bishop)]] (1900–1970), Bishop-at-large of the [[Indian Orthodox Church]], Antiochean Succession, [[Chennai]] (Madras), India
* [[K. Appavu Pillai]] (1911–1973), Indian politician
* [[K. Perumal Pillai]], Indian politician
* [[K. Thamboosamy Pillay]] (1850–1902), a prominent member of the Tamil community in [[British Malaya]]
* [[Kavimani Desigavinayagam Pillai]] (1876–1954), Indian freedom fighter, poet
* [[L. D. Swamikannu Pillai]] (1865–1925), Indian astronomer, Speaker of [[Tamil Nadu]] Assembly
* [[Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai]] (1855–1897), writer in [[Tamil literature]]; his poem "[[Tamil Thai Valthu (Tamil Nadu)|Niraarum Kadal Udutha]]" is the official [[Tamil Thai Valthu (Tamil Nadu)|Tamil Anthem]]
* [[Maraimalai Adigal]] (Nagai Vedachalam Pillai, 1876–1950), eminent [[Tamil language|Tamil]] orator and writer, started Pure Tamil movement Tanittamil Iyakkam
* [[Marimutha Pillai]] (1712–1787), musician
* [[Maruthanayagam Pillai]] (1725–1764), Indian soldier and administrator also known as [[Muhammed Yusuf Khan]]
* [[Naraina Pillai]], social entrepreneur and businessman
* [[Navi Pillay|Navanethem Pillay]] (born 1941), South African judge, [[UN High Commissioner for Human Rights]]
* [[Palani Subramaniam Pillai]] (1908–1962), Carnatic music percussionist
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Panchaksharam Rangasamy Pillai]] (born 1943), known as Vijayakumar, is an Indian actor who works in [[Tamil cinema]]
* [[Periyapillai]], 16th century king of the [[Jaffna Kingdom]]
* [[Pradani Muthirulappa Pillai]], 18th-century minister of [[Ramnad]] during the reign of Muthuramalinga Sethupathy
* [[M. S. Prem Nath|Prem Nath Pillai]] (born 1982), [[Malaysia]]-based filmmaker and editor
* [[Simone Ashley|Simone Ashwini Pillai]], British Actress of [[Tamils|Tamil native]]
* [[A. Sivathanu Pillai|Sivathanu Pillai]], Rocket Scientist
* [[Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai]] (1901–1950), Indian mathematician
* [[T. S. Ramasamy Pillai]] (1918–2006), Freedom-fighter, politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)
* [[Trevin Bastiampillai]] (born 1985), [[Sri Lankan Canadian]] cricketer
* [[Vella Pillay]] (1923-2004), South African economist and political activist
* [[V. O. Chidambaram Pillai]] (1872–1936), Indian freedom fighter, popularly known as V.O.C. and as Kappalottiya Tamilan
* [[Venkatarama Ramalingam Pillai]] (Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Pillai, 1888–1972), poet and freedom fighter.

== Notable Malayali Pillais==
{{for|more|Pillai (Kerala title)|List of Nairs}}
[[File:The Special Secretary, Department of Commerce, Shri G.K. Pillai at the inauguration of a National Seminar on Government Procurement, jointly organised by the Department of Commerce (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Gopal Krishna Pillai]], I.A.S officer and former Home Secretary in the Government of India]]
[[File:Ms. Shobana Chandrakumar, a well-known Classical dancer, Choreographer teacher and actress, in 2006 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Shobana|Shobana Chandrakumar Pillai]], Indian actress]]
* [[B. Ravi Pillai]] (born 1953) Dubai-based Indian billionaire businessman
* [[Changampuzha Krishna Pillai]] (1911-1948) was a celebrated [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] poet from [[Kerala]]
* [[C. V. Raman Pillai]] (1858–1922), also known as C. V., was one of the major Indian [[novelists]] and [[playwrights]] and a pioneering playwright and novelist of [[Malayalam literature]]
* [[Devasahayam Pillai]] (1712–1752) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] layman and [[martyr]] of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[Divya Pillai]] Indian actress who appears in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]]
* [[Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai]] (1904 – 1973), known as Elamkulam, was an Indian historian, linguist and academic from [[Kerala]]
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan pillai]] (born 1946), also known as Janardhanan Nair, is an Indian actor, [[Film producer|producer]] and a former [[Indian Air Force]] personnel who predominantly acts in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]]
* [[Kollam G. K. Pillai]] (1934-2016), Indian actor
* [[K. M. Vasudevan Pillai]] (born 1946 in [[Kerala]], [[India]]) is an Indian [[educationist]], [[social entrepreneur]], institution-builder, and [[philanthropist]]
* [[K. Shankar Pillai]] (1902–1989), better known as Shankar, was an Indian [[cartoonist]]
* [[Kumbalathu Sanku Pillai]] (1898-1969) Social reformer, politician and freedom fighter
* [[Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai]] (1878-1970) was an Indian social reformer and freedom fighter from the south-western state of [[Kerala]]. He is recognised as the founder of the [[Nair Service Society]] (NSS)
* [[Murali Pillai]] (1967) Singaporean politician and lawyer
* [[Nanoo Pillai]] (1827–1886) was a Travancore statesman who served as the [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] of [[Travancore]] from 1877 to 1880.
* [[Nisha Pillai]], Indian journalist based in London. She is a main [[news anchor]] for [[BBC World News]]
* [[N. Krishna Pillai]] (1916-1988) was an Indian [[dramatist]], [[literary critic]], translator and historian of [[Malayalam language]]
* [[N. N. Pillai]] (1918–1995) was an Indian [[playwright]], actor, [[theatre director]], [[orator]], screenplay writer, lyricist and an I.N.A Freedom fighter
* [[Omchery N. N. Pillai]] (1924–2024) was an Indian [[Malayalam|Malayalam–language]] playwright, novelist and poet from [[Kerala]]
* [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]] (1885-1970) was an Indian politician and [[freedom fighter]] who served as the 2nd [[Chief Minister]] of Kerala from 1960 to 1962. He was considered as a central figure in [[Kerala]] politics
* [[Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai]] (1890-1971) was an Indian [[freedom fighter]] during the [[British Raj]] in India and was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
* [[P. Govinda Pillai]] (1926 – 2012) Indian politician
* [[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]] (born 1954) is an Indian politician, attorney, and author, who is currently serving as the [[Governor of Goa|19th and current Governor of Goa]] since 2021
* [[Rajan Pillai]] (1947 – 1995) was an Indian businessman from [[Kerala]], popularly known as the ''Biscuit Baron''
* [[Rajeev Pillai]] (born 1982) Indian actor in [[Malayalam cinema]]
* [[Ranj Pillai]] (born 1974) is a Canadian politician and premier of [[Yukon]]
* [[Rhea Pillai]] (born 1965) British [[Model (people)|model]]
* [[Shobana|Shobana Chandrakumar Pillai]] (1970) is an Indian actress and [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer
* [[Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai]] (1878–1916), journalist and political activist. Translated Karl Marx's biography into Malayalam
* [[Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]] (17 April 1912 – 10 April 1999) Indian novelist and short story writer of [[Malayalam literature]]
*[[V. N. Rajasekharan Pillai]] (born 1949) current Vice Chancellor of Indira Gandhi National Open University ([[IGNOU]])

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname|Pillai}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai (surname)}}
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Surnames of Hindu origin]]

Eparchy of Thamarassery

2026-03-13T00:06:52Z

Samyakk clothing: created new details.

{{Short description|Eastern Catholic eparchy in Kerala, India}}
{{inline|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Eparchy
|name = Thamarassery
|country = India
|metropolitan = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Tellicherry]]
|rite = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar]]
|area_km2 = 5,893
|population = 5,749,275
|population_as_of = 2004
|catholics = 124,664
|catholics_percent= 2.2
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
| patriarch =
| major_archbishop = [[Raphael Thattil]]
| metro_archbishop = [[Joseph Pamplany]]
|bishop = [[Remigiose Inchananiyil]]
|latin=|local=|image=Thamarassery_diocese.png|coat=|flag=|territory=|headquarters=Thamarassery|denomination= Catholic|parishes=|churches=|sui_iuris_church=|established=|founded=|dissolved=|cathedral=Mary Matha Cathedral|patron=|language=
|map=Map of Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thamarassery.png
}}

The '''Eparchy of Thamarassery''' is an [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] [[eparchy]] in [[India]], under the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]. Created on 28 April 1986, it is under the Province of Tellicherry, and governed by the [[Major Archbishop of Erankulam-Angamaly]] and the [[synod]] of all bishops of the [[Sui iuris Church|''sui iuris'' Church]], both within and outside India.

The eparchy has several important churches, the foremost being Saint Thomas Forane Church Koorachudu, and [[Sacred Heart Forane Church Thiruvambady]].

The current eparch is [[Remigiose Inchananiyil]], until then eparchy secretary and chancellor, and judge of the major archiepiscopal tribunal, who was appointed on Monday, 18 January 2010 by the Syro-Malabar Synod of Bishops’ meeting at Mount Saint Thomas (with the assent of the [[Holy See]]). He was consecrated on 8 April 2010.

== Eparchial bishops ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl.No
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Ordinary
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Designation
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Year of appointment
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Sebastian Mankuzhikary]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1986
| align="center" | 1994
|-
| 2
| [[Jacob Thoomkuzhy]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1995
| align="center" | 1996
|-
| 3
| [[Paul Chittilapilly]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1996
| align="center" | 2010
|-
| 4
| [[Remigiose Inchananiyil]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 2010
| align="center" | ''present''
|}

==Foranes under Diocese of Thamarassery==

* Karuvarakundu Holy Family Church (1972)
* Kodenchery St.Mary's Church (1949)
* Koorachundu St. Thomas Church (1947)
* Malappuram St. Thomas Church (2005)
* Marudonkara St.Mary's Church (1939)
* Paroppady St. Antony's Church (1969)
* Perinthalamanna St. Alphonsa's Church (1995)
* Thamarassery Mary Matha Cathedral Church (1984)
* [[Sacred Heart Forane Church Thiruvambady|Thiruvambady Sacred Heart Church (1944)]]
* Thottumukkom St. Thomas Church (1960)
* Vilangad St. Georges Church (1968)

Under these 11 Foranes there are 118 parishes, 14 stations also there. Around 30,000 families & 1.30 lakhs members are there total in Diocese.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*P.T. SEBASTIAN, The Sociology of Christian Migration to Malabar 1930 - 1980, (thesis), University of Calicut, Kozhikode-Kerala 2002.

==External links==
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dtmsm.html Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Thamarassery at Catholic-Hierarchy]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017210459/http://hindu.com/2007/10/17/stories/2007101753490600.htm]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017204716/http://hindu.com/2007/10/16/stories/2007101651040300.htm]
* [http://in.news.yahoo.com/071015/48/6lz68.html]

{{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Hierarchy}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thamarassery}}
[[Category:Eastern Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic dioceses]]
[[Category:Archdiocese of Tellicherry]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1986]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Dioceses in Kerala]]

{{SyroMalabar-diocese-stub}}

Chowgan ground

2026-03-11T09:11:03Z

Samyakk clothing: created a details.

{{short description|Park in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Chowgan
| alt_name = Parade ground
| image = Chowgan ground in Kishtwar, Jammu, India (crop).jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt = Chowgan Kishtwar
| image_caption =Chowgan ground in [[Kishtwar]], India, after a fresh snowfall
| type = Public place and park
| location = [[Kishtwar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.322278|N|75.759578|E|display=inline,title}}
| map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| label_position = right
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India
| area = {{convert|65|acre|2}}
| created =
| status = Open all year
| open = 24 hours
| operator = Kishtwar Development Authority
}}
'''Chowgan''' is a large ground and tourist attraction in the [[Kishtwar]] town, in the [[Jammu division]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India, surrounded by [[Chinar tree|chinar]], [[Cedrus deodara|cedar]] and other trees. It measures about {{convert|65|acre|2}}. This ground is also used as a grazing ground for livestock like cows and goats. At the south side of the ground is the shrine of the Sufi saint [[Farid-ud-Din Baghdadi]].

==Name==
[[Chovgan|"Chowgan"]] literally means "polo"; this ground was used to play [[chovgan]], a polo-like game, in ancient times.

==History==
According to official government data, this place was a lake in ancient times, namely Goverdhansar Lake, but due to a natural disaster, the water of the lake flowed out leaving a large open area, which was named as Chowgan.<ref name="chowgan-official">{{Cite web|url=https://kishtwar.nic.in/tourist-place/chowgan-kishtwar/|title=Chowgan, Kishtwar|publisher=Official Website of Kishtwar district|website=www.kishtwar.nic.in|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>

There is a ban imposed by the local administration on the entrance of non-essential vehicles to this ground.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kishtwar admin reinforcing restriction on entry inside Chowgan Ground|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/kishtwar-admin-reinforcing-restriction-on-entry-inside-chowgan-ground/|date=31 May 2021|publisher=India Education Diary|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>

==Location==
This ground is located about {{convert|1500|m|km}} from the bus stand in downtown [[Kishtwar]], and [[National Highway 244 (India)|National Highway 244]] runs along it from the south-east to the west. There is a small [[Kishtwar Airstrip|helipad]] on the northern side. This ground is the shortcut to various areas. The Bun Astan, Matta, and Sarkoot areas linked to it, as well as the Dak Bunglow and Kuleed.<ref name="chowgan-official"/> A small park known as ''Char Chinar'' is located at the north-east of this ground.<ref name="daily-excelsior"/>

==Events==
The Chowgan ground is used for [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]] and [[Funeral prayer (Islam)|Muslim funeral prayers]], and by the Hindus of Kishtwar town for [[Dussehra]] and [[Rama Navami]]. Every year, cricket tournaments are organized on the ground, and other games like football, lawn tennis, and baseball are played here throughout the year.<ref name="daily-excelsior">{{Cite news|title=Chowgan The symbol of peace and harmony|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/chowgan-the-symbol-of-peace-and-harmony/|date=24 July 2016|publisher=[[Daily Excelsior]]|author=Junaid Hussain Malik|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Parks in India]]
[[Category:Kishtwar district]]

Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-10T17:19:23Z

Samyakk clothing: article - done

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Bareilly {{Small|UP-25}}
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| mp = [[Chhatrapal Singh Gangwar]]
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Bareilly.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| assembly_cons = [[Meerganj Assembly constituency|Meerganj]] [[Bhojipura Assembly constituency|Bhojipura]] [[Nawabganj Assembly constituency|Nawabganj]] [[Bareilly Assembly constituency|Bareilly]] [[Bareilly Cantonment Assembly constituency|Bareilly Cantt.]]
}}
'''Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|bəɾeːliː}}) is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]]. It covers a part of [[Bareilly district]].

== Assembly segments ==
Presently, Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency comprises five [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/025_PC_Statistics_English.aspx|title=Information and Statistics-Parliamentary Constituencies-25-Bareilly|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh website}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"| Party
!colspan="2"| 2024 Lead
|-
|119
|[[Meerganj Assembly constituency|Meergenj]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]]
|[[D. C. Verma]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|120
|[[Bhojipura Assembly constituency|Bhojipura]]
|[[Shazil Islam Ansari]]
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|121
|[[Nawabganj Assembly constituency|Nawabganj]]
|[[M. P. Arya]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|124
|[[Bareilly Assembly constituency|Bareilly]]
|[[Arun Kumar Saxena]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|125
|[[Bareilly Cantonment Assembly constituency|Bareilly Cantt.]]
|[[Sanjeev Agarwal]]
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Satish Chandra (politician)|Satish Chandra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|Brij Raj Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1967|1967]]
|[[Brijbhushan Lal]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
|[[Satish Chandra (politician)|Satish Chandra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1977|1977]]
|[[Ram Murti]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1980|1980]]
|Misaryar Khan
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=yes}}
|-
|1981^
| rowspan="2" |[[Abida Ahmed]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1989|1989]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Santosh Gangwar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1991|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1999|1999]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2004|2004]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2009|2009]]
|[[Praveen Singh Aron]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2014|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Santosh Gangwar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2019|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Chhatrapal Singh Gangwar]]
|}
^bypoll

== Election results ==

=== General election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Bareilly]]<ref name="Lok Sabha 2024 Election Results: Bareilly">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha 2024 Election Results: Bareilly |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2425.htm |accessdate=19 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219145958/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2425.htm |archivedate=19 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bareilly Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Bareilly Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/bareilly |access-date=1 July 2025 |work= |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701082846/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/bareilly |archive-date=1 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Chhatrapal Singh Gangwar]]
|votes = 5,67,127
|percentage = 50.66
|change = {{down}}2.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Praveen Singh Aron]]|votes=5,32,323|percentage=47.55|change={{up}}10.30}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above (India)|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=6,260|percentage=0.56|change={{up}}0.20}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 34,804
|percentage = 3.11
|change = {{down}}12.55
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=11,19,558|percentage=58.18|change={{down}}1.25}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|swing = {{down}}1.43
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Bareilly]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Santosh Gangwar]]
|votes = 5,65,270
|percentage = 52.91
|change = +2.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Bhagwat Saran Gangwar]]
|votes = 3,97,988
|percentage = 37.25
|change = +9.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Praveen Singh Aron]]
|votes = 74,206
|percentage = 6.95
|change = -1.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 3,824
|percentage = 0.36
|change = -0.30
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,67,282
|percentage = 15.66
|change = -7.98
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,68,342
|percentage = 59.43
|change = -1.74
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +2.00
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Bareilly]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]
|votes = 5,18,258
|percentage = 50.91
|change = +20.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ayesha Islam
|votes = 2,77,573
|percentage = 27.27
|change = +16.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Umesh Gautam
|votes = 1,06,049
|percentage = 10.42
|change = -15.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Praveen Singh Aron]]
|votes = 84,213
|percentage = 8.27
|change = -23.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Massarat Warsi
|votes = 7,639
|percentage = 0.75
|change = +0.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,737
|percentage = 0.66
|change = +0.66
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,40,685
|percentage = 23.64
|change = +22.32
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,17,891
|percentage = 61.17
|change = +10.81
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +19.60
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Bareilly]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Praveen Singh Aron]]
| votes = 2,20,976
| percentage = 31.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Santosh Gangwar]]
| votes = 2,11,638
| percentage = 29.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Islam Sabir Ansari
| votes = 1,81,996
| percentage = 25.79
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = [[Bhagwat Saran Gangwar]]
| votes = 73,549
| percentage = 10.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
| candidate = Rakesh Agarwal
| votes = 9,220
| percentage = 1.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 9,338
| percentage = 1.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 7,05,734
| percentage = 50.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Bareilly district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/uttar_pradesh/bareilly/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Bareilly lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Bareilly division topics}}

{{Coord|28.37|79.42|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Bareilly district]]

Backpacking (hiking)

2026-03-08T03:08:06Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{Short description|Outdoor recreation of carrying gear on one's back, while hiking for more than a day}}
{{Other uses|Hiking|Camping|Backpacking (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Trekking}}
[[File:Backpacking in polish carpathians cm01.jpg|thumb|Backpacking in the [[Beskids|Beskid Niski]] Mountains, in the Polish part of the [[Carpathian Mountains]]]]
[[File:Backpacking in Grand Teton NP-NPS.jpg|thumb|right|Backpacking in the [[Grand Teton National Park]], [[Wyoming]]]]
'''Backpacking''' is the outdoor recreation of carrying gear on one's back while [[hiking]] for more than a day. It is often an extended journey<ref>"Travel or hike carrying one's belongings in a backpack: [e.g.] a week's backpacking in the [[Pyrenees]], [or] he has backpacked around the world" (''New Oxford American Dictionary'').</ref> and may involve [[camping]] outdoors. In North America, tenting is common, whereas simple shelters and [[mountain hut]]s, widely found in Europe, are rare. In New Zealand, hiking is called [[Tramping in New Zealand|tramping]], and tents are used alongside a nationwide network of huts.<ref>H. W. Orsman, ''The Dictionary of New Zealand English''. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1999.</ref> [[Hill walking]] is equivalent in Britain (but this can also refer to a day walk), though backpackers make use of a variety of accommodation, in addition to camping. Backpackers use simple huts in South Africa.<ref name="footprint.co.za">{{Cite web |url=http://www.footprint.co.za/Development_introduction.htm |title=Trail Development |access-date=2013-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401014642/http://www.footprint.co.za/Development_introduction.htm |archive-date=2014-04-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Trekking''' and [[bushwalking]] are other terms used to describe multi-day backpacking trips, with the term Trekking emphasizing a more self-reliant approach to Backpacking in more remote areas. The terms [[walking tour]] or [[Long distance path|long distance hike]] are also used.

Backpacking [[backpacking (travel)|as a method of travel]] is a different activity, which mainly uses [[public transport]] during a journey that can last months. It is, however, similar to [[bikepacking]], [[bicycle touring]], [[Canoe camping|canoe]] and [[kayak]] camping, and [[trail riding]], with [[saddlebags]].

==Definition==
Backpacking is an [[outdoor recreation]] where gear is carried in a [[backpack]]. This can include food, water, bedding, shelter, clothing, stove, and cooking kit. Given that backpackers must carry their gear, the total weight of their bag and its contents is a primary concern of backpackers. Backpacking trips range from one night to weeks or months, sometimes aided by planned resupply points, drops, or caches.

==Research==
[[File:Mountain Jack and a Wandering Miner .jpg|thumb|A miner carrying a backpack during the [[California Gold Rush]]]]
Carrying loads appears to have differentiated humans from other animals.<ref name=ruckingScience>{{cite web
| url = https://www.runnersworld.com/training/a36131472/rucking-benefits/
| title = How Rucking Can Benefit Your Running Performance
| last = Easter
| first = Michael
| date = 11 May 2021
| website = runnersworld.com
| publisher =
| access-date =
| quote = }}</ref>

===Fitness benefits===
A weighted carry from backpacking taxes muscles.<ref name=ruckingScience/> A weighted load stresses the shoulders, deltoids, back, abdominals, obliques, hips, quadriceps, hamstrings and the knees.<ref name=ruckingScience/> Humans can carry weight under {{convert|50|lb}} in a safe manner,<ref name=ruckingScience/> and a weighted carry is as beneficial for the cardiovascular system as a light run,<ref name=ruckingScience/> and for exercise, a weighted carry helps avoid injuries.<ref name=ruckingScience/>

A differential exists between a man running in comparison to a man walking while carrying a backpack.<ref name=ruckingScience/> A {{convert|175|lb|adj=on}} man running, without a backpack, loads his knees with {{convert|1400|lb}} of stress per stride.<ref name=ruckingScience/> The same person, carrying a {{convert|30|lb|adj=on}} pack, loads his knees with {{convert|555|lb}} of stress per step.<ref name=ruckingScience/>

==Accommodations==
[[File:Pocosin cabin.jpg|thumb|The Pocosin cabin along the [[Appalachian Trail]] in [[Shenandoah National Park]] ]]

Backpacking camps are usually more spartan than campsites where gear is transported by car or boat. In areas with heavy backpacker traffic, a hike-in [[campsite]] might have a [[fire ring]] (where permissible), an [[outhouse]], a wooden bulletin board with a [[map]] and information about the trail and area. Many hike-in camps are no more than level patches of ground free of underbrush. In remote [[wilderness]] areas hikers must choose their own site. Established camps are rare and the [[ethos]] is to "[[leave no trace]]" when gone.

In some regions, varying forms of accommodation exist, from simple log lean-to's to staffed facilities offering escalating degrees of service. Beds, meals, and even drinks may be had at [[Alps|Alpine]] [[mountain hut|hut]]s scattered among well-traveled European mountains. Backpackers there can walk from hut-to-hut without leaving the mountains, while in places like the [[Lake District]] or [[Yorkshire Dales]] in England hill-walkers descend to stay in [[youth hostel]]s, farmhouses or [[guest house]]s. Reservations can usually be made in advance and are recommended in the high season.

In the more remote parts of Great Britain, especially Scotland, [[bothy|bothies]] exist to provide simple (free) accommodation for backpackers. On the French system of [[long distance trail]]s, ''[[Grande Randonnée]]s'', backpackers can stay in ''gîtes d'étapes'', which are simple hostels provided for walkers and cyclists. There are some simple shelters and occasional mountain hut also provided in North America, including on the [[Appalachian Trail]]. Another example is the [[High Sierra Camps]] in the [[Yosemite National Park]]. Long-distance backpacking trails with huts also exist in South Africa, including the 100 km plus [[Amatola Trail]], in the [[Eastern Cape]] Province.<ref name="footprint.co.za" /> Backpacking is also popular in the [[Himalayas]] (often called trekking there), where [[Porter (carrier)|porters]] and [[pack animals]] are often used.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Zurick, Pacheco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S20hk99x_-MC |title=Illustrated Atlas of the Himalaya |last2=J.Shrestha |last3=Bajracharya, B. |publisher=India Research Press |year=2006 |isbn=9788183860376}}</ref>
{{clear left}}

== Equipment ==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2022}}

{{Main|Hiking equipment}}
Backpacking gear depends on the terrain and climate, and on a hiker's plans for shelter (refuges, huts, gites, camping, etc.). It may include:

#A [[backpack]] of appropriate size. Backpacks can include frameless, external frame, internal frame, and bodypack styles.
#Clothing and footwear appropriate for the conditions.
#Food and a means to prepare it (stove, utensils, pot, etc.).
#Sleep system such as a [[sleeping bag]] and a pad.
#[[Survival kit|Survival gear]].
#A shelter such as a tent, tarp or [[Bivouac shelter|bivouac sack]].
#Water containers and purifiers.

=== Water ===
[[File:Canteen 0002.jpg|thumb|right|Military [[Canteen (bottle)|canteen]] with nested canteen cup and cover]]
{{See also|wilderness diarrhea|portable water purification|solar water disinfection}}

Proper [[Dehydration|hydration]] is critical to successful backpacking. Depending on conditions - which include weather, terrain, load, and the hiker's age and fitness - a backpacker may drink 2 to 8 litres (1/2 to 2 gallons), or more, per day. At {{convert|1|kg|lb}} per {{convert|1|L|USqt}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://extoxnet.orst.edu/tibs/partperm.htm |title=Comparisons and Conversions |pages=2nd paragraph |access-date=2009-05-08}}</ref> water is exceptionally heavy. It is impossible to carry more than a few days' supply. Therefore, hikers often drink natural water supplies, sometimes after filtering or purifying.

Some hikers will treat water before drinking to protect against [[waterborne diseases]] carried by [[bacteria]] and [[protozoa]]. The chief treatment methods include:

* Boiling
* Treatment with chemicals such as chlorine or iodine
* Filtering (often used with chemical treatments)
* Treatment with [[ultraviolet]] light

Water may be stored in bottles or collapsible plastic bladders. [[Hydration bladder]]s are increasingly popular.

===Food===
{{Main|Camping food}}
{{See also|Nutrition |Outdoor cooking |Survival skills}}
[[File:CampCooking.jpg|thumb|Cooking in the outdoors using a heated stone]]

Backpacking is energy-intensive: long-distance hikers require up to 4,500 [[calorie]]s of food energy per day.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=This Is What Every Long-Distance Hiker Needs to Know About Nutrition|date=27 March 2024|first=Adam|last=Roy|magazine=Backpacker Magazine|url=https://www.backpacker.com/skills/backpacking-fitness/backpacking-nutrition/}}</ref> This is the equivalent of {{convert|1.5|to|2.5|lb|kg|order=flip}} of food.<ref name=REIfood>{{cite web|title=Backpacking Food Ideas & Meal Planning|first=Phuong|last=Le|publisher=REI|url=https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/planning-menu.html|access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref>

There are several choices for backpacking food. Many hikers use [[freeze-drying|freeze-dried]] precooked entrees for hot meals, quickly reconstituted by adding boiling water.<ref name=REIfood/> Popular snacks include [[trail mix]], nuts, [[energy bar]]s, and chocolate.<ref name=REIfood/> Some backpackers consume dried foods, including [[beef jerky]], [[dried fruit]], [[instant oatmeal]], and powdered [[hummus]].<ref>{{cite web|title=15 Smart Backpacking Food Ideas|date=17 July 2024|website=JetBoil|url=https://jetboil.johnsonoutdoors.com/us/trail-life/backpacking-food-ideas|access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref>

There are three common ways to prepare food while backpacking: cold soaking, cooking on a [[portable stove|camp stove]], and cooking over a [[campfire]]. Cold soaking consists of rehydrating dried food with cold water, generally used to avoid carrying the weight of a stove.<ref name=REIultralight>{{cite web|title=Meal Planning for Ultralight Backpacking|website=REI|url=https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/meal-planning-for-ultralight-backpacking.html|access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref> For stove cooking, small liquid or gas-fueled stoves<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Choose a Backpacking Stove|website=REI|url=https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/backpacking-stove.html|access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref> and lightweight cooking pots are common.

When campfires are not prohibited,<ref>{{cite web|title=What you should know about fire restrictions, warnings and watches|publisher=Pacific Crest Trail Association|url=https://www.pcta.org/discover-the-trail/backcountry-basics/fire/fire-restrictions-warnings-watches/|access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref> it is possible to cook food directly over a campfire.<ref name=firecook>{{cite magazine|title=How to Cook Over a Fire, According to a Survival Instructor|date=25 April 2024|first=Jessie|last=Krebs|magazine=Backpacker Magazine|url=https://www.backpacker.com/survival/how-to-cook-over-a-fire/}}</ref> Campfires can be used to boil, bake, roast, or fry food.<ref name=firecook/>

For long-distance backpacking trips, it is sometimes not possible to carry all of the food required from the beginning. In this situation, backpackers need to resupply with food. This resupply can be done by either buying new food in towns along the route, or mailing themselves boxes of food.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Vital Art of Resupplying in Long-Distance Backpacking|date=27 September 2023|publisher=ULA Equipment|url=https://www.ula-equipment.com/2023/09/27/resupplying-long-distance-backpacking/|access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Resupply strategy|publisher=Pacific Crest Trail Association|url=https://www.pcta.org/discover-the-trail/thru-hiking-long-distance-hiking/resupply/|access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref>

===Ultralight-hiking===
[[File:Tent at High Shelf Camp.jpg|thumb|A backpacker's modern lightweight dome tent near [[Mount Anne]] in a [[Tasmanian Wilderness]] area]]
{{Main|Ultralight backpacking}}
Ultralight backpacking is a style of lightweight [[backpacking (wilderness)|backpacking]] that emphasizes carrying the lightest and least amount of gear.<ref name="jordan">{{Cite book|last1=George Cole|title=Lightweight Backpacking and Camping|last2=Ryan Jordan|last3=Alan Dixon|publisher=Beartooth Mountain Press|year=2006|isbn=0-9748188-2-8|location=Bozeman, MT}}</ref> While no technical standards exist, some hikers consider "ultralight" to mean an initial base weight of less than {{cvt|4.5|kg|lb|0}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mike Clelland |year=2011 |title=Ultralight Backpackin' Tips: 153 Amazing & Inexpensive Tips For Extremely Lightweight Camping |location=Helena, Montana |publisher=FalconGuides Press}}</ref> Base weight is the weight of a fully loaded [[backpack]] at the start of a trip, excluding worn weight and consumables such as food, water, and fuel (which vary depending on the duration and style of trip). Base weight can be lowered by reducing the weight of individual items of gear, or by choosing not to carry that gear. Ultralight backpacking is popular among [[Thru-hiking|thru-hikers]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Best Ultralight Backpacks for Thru-Hikers and Fastpackers|url=https://www.backpacker.com/gear/backpacks/best-ultralight-backpacks/|date=30 April 2025|first=Corey|last=Buhay|magazine=Backpacker Magazine}}</ref>

Ultralight backpacking was popularized by American [[rock climbing|rock climber]] [[Ray Jardine]], whose 1992 book ''PCT Hiker's Handbook''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray Jardine |year=1992 |title=The PCT Hiker's Handbook |location=LaPine, OR |publisher=AdventureLore Press |isbn=0-9632359-0-7}}</ref> laid the foundations for many techniques that ultralight backpackers use today. Jardine claimed his first [[Pacific Crest Trail]] thru-hike was with a base weight of {{cvt|5.7|kg|lb}}, and by his third PCT thru-hike it was below {{cvt|4.5|kg|lb|0}}<ref name="jardine">{{Cite book |last=Ray Jardine |author-link=Ray Jardine |year=1999 |title=Beyond Backpacking: Ray Jardines Guide to Lightweight Hiking |location=LaPine, OR |publisher=AventureLore Press |isbn=0-9632359-3-1}}</ref>

== Skills and safety ==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2022}}
[[File:Bear resistant food storage canister 2.JPG|thumb|right|upright|A bear-resistant food storage canister]]

{{Main|Hazards of outdoor recreation}}
* [[Survival skills]] can provide peace of mind and may make the difference between life and death when the weather, terrain, or environment turns unexpectedly for the worse.
* [[Navigation]] and [[orienteering]] are useful to find the [[trailhead]], then find and follow a route to a desired sequence of destinations, and then an exit. In case of disorientation, orienteering skills are important to determine the current location and formulate a route to somewhere more desirable. At their most basic, navigation skills allow one to choose the correct sequence of trails to follow. In situations where a trail or clear line-of-sight to the desired destination is not present, navigation and orienteering allow the backpacker to understand the terrain and wilderness around them and, using their tools and practices, select the appropriate direction to hike. Weather (rain, fog, snow), terrain (hilly, rock faces, dense forest), and hiker experience can all impact and increase the challenges to navigation in the wilderness.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Logue |first=Victoria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpUs-DO5QkUC&dq=safety+in+hiking&pg=PP1 |title=Hiking and Backpacking: Essential Skills, Equipment, and Safety |date=2013-03-01 |publisher=Menasha Ridge Press |isbn=978-0-89732-866-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[First aid]]: effectively dealing with minor injuries ([[wikt:splinter|splinter]]s, punctures, sprains) is considered by many a fundamental backcountry skill. More subtle, but maybe even more important, is recognizing and promptly treating [[hypothermia]], [[heat stroke]], [[dehydration]] and [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]], as these are rarely encountered in daily life.
* [[Leave No Trace]] is the backpacker's version of the [[Golden Rule (ethics)|golden rule]]: To have beautiful and pristine places to enjoy, help make them. At a minimum, do not make them worse.
* [[Distress signal]]ing is a skill of last resort.

== Discrimination ==
[[File:WOMAN HIKER LOOKING AT MALHEUR RIVER-MALHEUR (24762969629).jpg|alt=woman sitting on a large boulder overlooking a lush, forested, winding river|thumb|upright|A female hiker at Malheur River in the Malheur National Forest]]

Backpacking has been a historically white male-dominated outdoor recreational activity. With official backpacks for the sport being patented since 1878, it is indicative of the demographics that the first backpack designed for and marketed towards women wasn't invented until 1979,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Parris |first=Aer |title=The History of the Backpack |url=https://www.rei.com/blog/hike/the-history-of-the-backpack?srsltid=AfmBOoqcNGrqMRzBmXXmpEiQAPl6XZ_AnupOzdI8GpnCZvuphCwSK_9j |website=REI}}</ref> over 100 years later.

Backpacking was popularized in the 1960s after the passing of [[Wilderness Act|The Wilderness Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law and Policy - Wilderness (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/wilderness/law-and-policy.htm#:~:text=The%20Wilderness%20Act%20of%201964,Service,%20and%20US%20Forest%20Service. |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref> Since then, the majority of backpackers have been young, white, men.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey |date=2020-11-04 |title=59+ Hiking Statistics: How Many People Hike In The US? (2023) |url=https://www.jerseyislandholidays.com/59-hiking-statistics/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Jersey Island Holidays |language=en-GB}}</ref> Studies surrounding the outdoor activity have reflected this. The effects on backpacking (hiking) on women wasn't studied until around 2004,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boulware |first=David R |date=2004 |title=Gender Differences among long distance Backpackers: A prospective study of Women Appalachian Trail Backpackers |journal=Wilderness & Environmental Medicine |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=175–180 |doi=10.1580/1080-6032(2004)15[175:gdalba]2.0.co;2 |issn=1080-6032 |pmc=1946964 |pmid=15473456}}</ref> and research is still lacking.

== Related activities ==

===Winter backpacking===
{{Further|Ski touring|Snowshoeing}}
[[Image:Bivouac2.jpg|thumb|A winter [[bivouac sack|bivouac]] in Germany.]]
Winter backpacking requires a higher level of skill and generally more specialized gear than in other seasons. [[Skis]] or [[snowshoes]] may be required to traverse deep snow, or [[crampons]] and an [[ice axe]] where needed. Winter sleeping bags and tents are essential, as are waterproof, water-repellent, and moisture dissipating materials. Cotton clothing retains moisture and chills the body, both particularly dangerous in cold weather. Winter backpackers stick to wool or synthetic fabric like nylon or polypropylene, which hold less moisture and often have specialized wicking properties to dissipate sweat generated during aerobic activities. Layering is essential, as wet clothes quickly sap body heat and can lead to [[frostbite]] or [[hypothermia]].

A winter bivouac can also be made in a [[snow cave]]. It has thermal properties similar to an [[igloo]] and is effective both at providing protection from wind and low temperatures. A properly made snow cave can be 0 °C (32 °F) or warmer inside, even when outside temperatures are −40 °C (−40 °F).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alpharubicon.com/primitive/quinzeetrigger.html |title=Quinzee (aka - Snow Cave) |publisher=AlphaRubicon.com |access-date=2007-01-30}}</ref><ref name="rage">{{Cite web |url=http://www.etisurvival.com/snocv.htm |title=When Storms Rage (or how to build a snow cave) |last=Gerke |first=Randy |publisher=Enviro-Tech International |access-date=2007-01-30}}</ref>
It is constructed by excavating snow so that its entrance tunnel is below the main space in order to retain warm air. Construction is simplified by building on a steep slope and digging slightly upwards and horizontally into the snow. The roof is domed to prevent dripping on the occupants. Adequate snow depth, free of rocks and ice, is needed — generally {{convert|4|to|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} is sufficient. A [[quinzhee]] is similar, but constructed by tunneling into mounded snow rather than by digging into a natural snow formation.

===Fastpacking===
{{Further|Fastpacking}}
[[Fastpacking]] is a recreational activity that combines [[ultralight backpacking]] with [[running]], and, on steep slopes, [[hiking]]. It is a multi-day adventure that usually takes places along [[long distance trails]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-08-06|title=Fastpacking: What, and Why? |first=Kate |last=Siber |url=https://www.runnersworld.com/trail-running/a20800756/running-and-backpacking/|access-date=2023-01-02|website=Runner's World|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>Clint Cherepa, [https://www.outdoors.org/articles/fastpacking "Hike Fast, Sleep Hard: Are You Ready to Try Fastpacking?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123234414/https://www.outdoors.org/articles/fastpacking |date=2021-01-23 }} ''Outdoors.org'', August 27, 2018.</ref> A sleeping bag is carried and other essential backpacking items, and often a tent or similar shelter, if places to stay are not available.<ref>Ad Crable, "Running wild", ''Lancaster New Era'', June 18, 1993.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Run, don't walk: mastering the art of fastpacking |first=Patrick |last=Kinsella |date=May 5, 2017 |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/run-dont-walk-mastering-the-art-of-fastpacking|access-date=2023-01-02|website=Lonely Planet|language=en}}</ref>

===Other===
[[File:027 Cycling Torres del Paine.jpg|thumb|right|Expedition cycle touring, [[Torres del Paine National Park]], Chile.]]
* [[Backpacking (travel)]], where public transport is used to visit cultural attractions, rather than natural ones, though it may also include wilderness side trips.
* [[Adventure travel]], tourism in a highly unpredictable or hazardous region or environment.
* [[Thru-hiking]], traversing a long-distance trail in a single, continuous journey.
* [[Ultralight backpacking]], which minimizes both weight and amount of gear carried, typically employed in highly aerobic back-country pursuits.
* [[Wilderness survival]]

==See also==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Backpacking with animals]]
* [[Bivouac shelter]]
* [[Camping]]
* [[Hiking equipment]]
* [[Long distance trail]]
* [[Mountaineering]]
* [[Nordic walking]]
* [[Rambling]]
* [[Ten essentials]] and [[Survival kit]]
* [[Trekking pole]]
}}
{{clear right}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.americanhiking.org American Hiking Society] Preserves and protects hiking trails and the hiking experience
* [http://www.lnt.org/ Leave No Trace] - The Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics is an educational, nonprofit organization dedicated to the responsible enjoyment and active stewardship of the outdoors by all people, worldwide.

{{sister bar|auto=1|display=Backpacking}}
{{Adventure travel}}
{{Orienteering}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Backpacking|*]]
[[Category:Scoutcraft]]
[[Category:Hiking]]

[[ja:トレッキング]]
[[sv:Vandring]]
[[chy:Amo'xestôtse]]

Sidhu Moose Wala

2026-03-06T14:05:56Z

Samyakk clothing: quick adjust formatting for accuracy and fixed typos after review

{{Short description|Indian rapper and singer (1993–2022)}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sidhu Moose Wala
| birth_name = Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu<ref name="SBS">{{cite web |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/punjabi/en/article/2018/11/14/rise-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala |title=The rise of Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala |website=[[Special Broadcasting Service]] |first=Preetinder |last=Grewal |date=15 November 2018 |access-date=31 December 2018 |archive-date=31 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231195721/https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/punjabi/en/article/2018/11/14/rise-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala |url-status=live }}</ref>
| image = Sidhu Moose Wala during the shooting of his film Moosa Jatt (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Moose Wala in 2020
| alias = 5911<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ninog |first1=Alex |title=Fans Believe Drake Is Dropping a Posthumous Collab With Sidhu Moose Wala |url=https://www.complex.com/music/fans-believe-drake-sidhu-moose-wala-collab-is-coming |access-date=27 May 2023 |work=[[Complex Networks]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ami |first1=Daljit |title=Sidhu Moose Wala: A Complex Character in Life, Death and Music |url=https://thewire.in/society/sidhu-moose-wala-a-complex-character-in-life-death-and-music |access-date=27 May 2023 |work=The Wire |date=3 June 2022}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date|1993|06|11|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kapoor |first1=Diksha |title=Happy Birthday Sidhu Moose Wala: Here Are Some Lesser Known Facts About Birthday Boy |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/happy-birthday-sidhu-moose-wala-here-are-some-lesser-known-facts-about-birthday-boy |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=PTC Punjabi |date=11 June 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191220/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/happy-birthday-sidhu-moose-wala-here-are-some-lesser-known-facts-about-birthday-boy |url-status=live}}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2022|05|29|1993|06|11}}
| birth_place = [[Moosa, Punjab]], India
| death_place = Jawharke, Punjab, India
| death_cause = [[Assassination of Sidhu Moose Wala|Assassination by gunshots]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter|actor|politician}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (2021–22)
| years_active = 2016–2022
| signature = Sidhu Moosewala signature.svg
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| origin = {{ubl|Punjab, India|[[Brampton]], Ontario, Canada}}
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]
* [[gangsta rap]]
* [[Trap music|trap]]
* [[hardcore hip hop]]
* [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* Sidhu Moose Wala
* 5911 Records
* Humble Music
* [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
}}
| past_member_of = Brown Boys
| past_members = {{flatlist|
* [[Sunny Malton]]
* [[Byg Byrd]]
* Big Boi Deep }}
}}
}}

'''Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu''' (11 June 1993{{Snd}}29 May 2022), known professionally as '''Sidhu Moose Wala''',<ref name=":5"/><ref name="Scroll_4Jun2022"/> was an Indian singer and rapper. He worked predominantly in [[Punjabi Music|Punjabi-language music]] and [[Punjabi cinema|cinema]]. Moose Wala is considered to be one of the most influential and successful [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] rappers of all time<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Brock |date=4 June 2022 |title=Sidhu Moose Wala's musical legacy was being a voice for his culture |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/sidhu-moose-wala-music-industry-1.6476578 |access-date=4 June 2022 |work=[[CBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 May 2022 |title=Sidhu Moose Wala: The murdered Indian rapper who 'made sense of chaos' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61629133 |access-date=4 June 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> and to many, among the greatest Indian musicians of his generation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Priyadharshini |first=Patwa |title=Celebrating Sidhu Moose Wala's legacy with his 7 songs through which the singer will live on forever |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/celebrating-sidhu-moose-walas-legacy-with-his-7-songs-through-which-the-singer-will-live-on-forever |work=GQ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=16 Top Sidhu Moose Wala Songs that Cement his Legacy |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/top-sidhu-moose-wala-songs-that-cement-his-legacy |work=Desi Blitz |quote=Listen to the best Sidhu Moose Wala songs that show how truly innovative he was and how his legacy will be in place forever.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=An exclusive evening with the parents of Sidhu Moosewala by BritAsia TV |url=https://britasia.tv/justice-for-sidhu-an-exclusive-evening-with-the-parents-of-sidhu-moosewala-by-britasia-tv/ |work=BritAsiaTV |quote=" It was clear music had crossed all boundaries and was iconic within the mainstream industry."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Arora |first=Kusum |title=Sidhu Moose Wala's Death Evokes Memories of the Tragic End of Amar Singh Chamkila |url=https://thewire.in/society/sidhu-moose-walas-death-evokes-memories-of-the-tragic-end-of-amar-singh-chamkila |work=The Wire |quote=Both Moose Wala and Chamkila – which in Punjabi and Hindi means 'glistening' – had numerous similarities in terms of their music careers. Moose Wala and Chamkila both became iconic stars of Punjabi music, but both their journeys were short-lived.}}</ref>

In 2020, Moose Wala was named by ''[[The Guardian]]'' among 50 up and coming artists.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Beaumont-Thomas |first1=Ben |last2=Snapes |first2=Laura |date=27 December 2019 |title=Bradford bassline and ketamine-charged punk – 50 new artists for 2020 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/dec/27/bradford-bassline-and-ketamine-charged-punk-50-new-artists-for-2020 |url-status=live |access-date=18 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404015652/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/dec/27/bradford-bassline-and-ketamine-charged-punk-50-new-artists-for-2020 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> He also became the first Punjabi and Indian singer to perform at [[Wireless Festival]] and won four awards at the [[Brit Asia TV Music Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lazarus |first=Neville |date=20 March 2023 |title=Sidhu Moose Wala's father accuses Punjab govt of 'suppressing' those seeking justice for murdered hip hop star |work=Sky News |url=https://news.sky.com/story/sidhu-moose-walas-father-accuses-punjab-govt-of-suppressing-those-seeking-justice-for-murdered-hip-hop-star-12838321}}</ref>

Moose Wala rose to mainstream popularity with his track "So High". In 2018, he released his debut album ''[[PBX 1]]'', which peaked at number 66 on the [[Canadian Albums Chart|''Billboard'' Canadian Albums]] chart. His singles "[[47 (song)|47]]" and "[[Mera Na]]" were ranked on the [[UK Singles Chart]].

Born in [[Moosa, Punjab]], Moose Wala began his career in 2016 as a songwriter for the song "License" by [[Ninja (singer)|Ninja]], and as lead artist in 2017 with Gurlez Akhtar for a duet song, "[[Mercedes-Benz G-Class|G Wagon]]". Following his debut, he collaborated with Brown Boyz for various tracks. Moose Wala's tracks peaked on the [[Official Charts Company|UK Asian]] Music chart. His song "Bambiha Bole" was among the top five on the Global [[YouTube]] music chart. In 2021, he released ''[[Moosetape]]'', tracks from which charted globally including on the [[Billboard Global 200|''Billboard'' Global 200]], [[Billboard Global Excl. US|''Billboard'' Global Excl. US]], [[Canadian Hot 100]], UK Asian, and New Zealand Hot charts. He has the most number-one singles on the [[Billboard India Songs|''Billboard'' India Songs]] chart. It became the first Indian album to have more than 1 billion streams on [[Spotify]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala's 'Moosetape' Makes History As The First Indian Album To Surpass 1 Billion Streams On Spotify |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/426551-Sidhu-Moosewalas-Moosetape-Makes-History-As-The-First-Indian-Album-To-Surpass-1-Billion-Streams-O |work=5 Dariya News |date=30 November 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023}}</ref>

In 2021, Moose Wala joined the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) political party and unsuccessfully contested the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] for [[Mansa, Punjab Assembly constituency|Mansa]].

He was shot dead by unidentified assailants on 29 May 2022; a Canada-based gangster, known as [[Goldy Brar]] and a member of the [[Lawrence Bishnoi]] gang, claimed responsibility for the killing, which the police said was the culmination of an inter-gang rivalry.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala killing—The story so far |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/moosewala-killing-%E2%80%94-the-story-so-far-409806 |access-date=6 July 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=6 July 2022 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706005227/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/moosewala-killing-%E2%80%94-the-story-so-far-409806 }}</ref> On 23 June 2022, his first posthumous single, "[[SYL (song)|SYL]]", was released.

Moose Wala's lyrics and themes promoting gun culture and violence were often seen as controversial in India.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news |last1=Chhina |first1=Man Aman Singh |date=31 December 2020 |title=Two Punjabs sing in farmers' support — one for brotherhood, other with visuals of Bhindranwale |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/2-punjabs-sing-in-farmers-support-one-for-brotherhood-other-with-visuals-of-bhindranwale-7127099/ |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314180910/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/2-punjabs-sing-in-farmers-support-one-for-brotherhood-other-with-visuals-of-bhindranwale-7127099/ |archive-date=14 March 2022}}</ref> Subsequently, he had faced legal challenges for his support of gun culture and his inflammatory lyrics.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|url = https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sidhu-moosewala-the-punjab-police-poster-boy-who-turned-into-controversys-child-6537892/|title = Sidhu Moosewala: The Punjab Police poster boy who turned into controversy's child|date = 5 August 2020|access-date = 30 May 2021|archive-date = 30 May 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135104/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sidhu-moosewala-the-punjab-police-poster-boy-who-turned-into-controversys-child-6537892/|url-status = live}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu was born in the [[Moosa, Mansa district|village of Moosa]] in the [[Mansa district, India|Mansa district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India to Balkaur Singh and his mother is Charan Kaur, members of the [[Jat Sikh]] community.<ref name="Scroll_4Jun2022">{{cite news |last1=Happy |first1=Harinder |last2=Mogha |first2=Shivam |title=How Sidhu Moose Wala's celebration of rural life won him legions of fans in Punjab – and far beyond |url=https://scroll.in/article/1025431/how-sidhu-moose-walas-celebration-of-rural-life-won-him-legions-of-fans-in-punjab-and-far-beyond |access-date=17 June 2022 |work=Scroll.in |date=4 June 2022}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Singer's mother in fray, says will fight drugs |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/singer-s-mother-in-fray-says-will-fight-drugs/702730.html |access-date=16 September 2019 |work=The Tribune |date=23 December 2018 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135129/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/singer-s-mother-in-fray-says-will-fight-drugs-702730 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ITNov2019">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Harmeet Shah |date=20 November 2019 |title=Punjabi music gets a Disruptor-in-Chief |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/sidhu-moosewala-is-the-tupac-of-punjabi-music-1620963-2019-11-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101114427/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/sidhu-moosewala-is-the-tupac-of-punjabi-music-1620963-2019-11-20 |archive-date=1 January 2020 |access-date=1 January 2020 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NDTV_31May2022" />

Moose Wala studied at [[Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana]] and graduated with a degree in [[electrical engineering]] in 2016.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala has earned along with a few controversies|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-has-earned-along-with-a-few-controversies-91538|access-date=11 June 2020|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=29 May 2020|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135115/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-has-earned-along-with-a-few-controversies-91538|url-status=live}}</ref> He admired and was influenced by rapper [[Tupac Shakur]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name="ITNov2019" /> He started listening to [[Hip hop music|hip-hop music]] as a student in sixth grade, and was trained in music by Harvinder Bittu in [[Ludhiana]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Sidhu Moosewala: A journey from a common man to star| date=15 September 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09yet5H4k4A|publisher=[[Prime Asia Television|Prime Asia TV Canada]]|language=pa|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301053932/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09yet5H4k4A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> According to statements he made while campaigning, he chose ''Sidhu Moose Wala'' ({{Langx|pa|ਸਿੱਧੂ ਮੂਸੇ ਵਾਲਾ|lit=Sidhu from Moosa}}) for his stage name as a tribute to his home village of Moosa.<ref>{{cite news |last=Grewal Sharma |first=Manraj |date=31 May 2022 |title=The ballad of Sidhu Moose Wala: Self-made, temperamental, the man from Moosa |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/political-pulse/who-is-sidhu-moose-wala-punjab-7942657/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710065646/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/who-is-sidhu-moose-wala-punjab-7942657/ |archive-date=10 July 2023}}</ref>

After graduation, Moose Wala moved to [[Brampton, Ontario]], Canada, as an [[International students in Canada|international student]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saran |first1=Mekhala |title=Punjabi Singer, Congress Leader: Who Is Sidhu Moose Wala, Shot Dead in Mansa? |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/punjabi-singing-sensation-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-dead-who-was-he-profile#read-more |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=TheQuint |date=29 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135104/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/punjabi-singing-sensation-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-dead-who-was-he-profile#read-more |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetyee.ca/Culture/2019/07/03/Drake-of-Surrey/|title=He's the 'Drake of Surrey.' But the City Said a Performance Would Be Too Dangerous|last=Park|first=Carol Eugene|date=3 July 2019|website=The Tyee|language=en|access-date=11 January 2020|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111051316/https://thetyee.ca/Culture/2019/07/03/Drake-of-Surrey/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kulkarni |first=Akshay |date=29 May 2022 |title=Famous Punjabi-language rapper Sidhu Moose Wala shot dead in India |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/sidhu-moose-wala-dead-1.6470189 |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529230948/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/sidhu-moose-wala-dead-1.6470189 |url-status=live }}</ref> While living there he studied at [[Humber College]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Little |first=Simon |date=29 May 2022 |title=Punjabi Singer Sidhu Moose Wala Shot Dead In India, Police Probing Canadian Gang Link |url=https://etcanada.com/news/900626/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-dead-in-india-police-probing-canadian-gang-link/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530001444/https://etcanada.com/news/900626/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-dead-in-india-police-probing-canadian-gang-link/ |archive-date=30 May 2022 |work=ET Canada |access-date=6 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moose Wala's educational qualifications |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/web-stories/sidhu-moose-walas-educational-qualifications/photostory/91935610.cms?picid=91935692 |access-date=8 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Edwards |first1=Peter |last2=Fraske-Bornyk |first2=Ande |last3=Cohen |first3=Ben |title='It's gut-wrenching': Killing of Sidhu Moose Wala shocks community, sparks calls for public inquiry |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/05/30/killing-of-sidhu-moose-wala-sparks-calls-for-public-inquiry.html |access-date=8 June 2022 |work=The Toronto Star |date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref group="Note">While [[Sheridan College]] says it does not possess any records of his enrollment, some news sources reported that he attended Sheridan College.{{Pb}}

(See: {{Cite news |last=Rana |first=Uday |date=9 June 2022 |title=Punjabi-Canadian rap star Sidhu Moose Wala 'was our Tupac' |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-punjabi-canadian-rap-star-sidhu-moose-wala-was-our-tupac/ |quote=Sheridan says it has no record of his enrolment.}})</ref>

== Career ==
=== 2017–2018: Rise to fame ===
Moose Wala released his first song "G Wagon" in 2017 while living in Brampton.<ref name=":2">{{Citation|last=Prime Asia TV Canada|title=Prime Time With Benipal – Sidhu Moose Wala ਕਿਵੇਂ ਬਣਿਆ STAR|date=15 September 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09yet5H4k4A|access-date=23 July 2018|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301053932/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09yet5H4k4A|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that year, he had his breakthrough with the song "So High", a [[Gangsta rap|gangster rap]] with music producer [[Byg Byrd]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/artist/sidhu-moose-wala/1257856923|title=Sidhu Moose Wala on Apple Music|website=Apple Music|language=en-gb|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-date=2 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602131743/https://music.apple.com/in/artist/sidhu-moose-wala/1257856923|url-status=live}}</ref> The song won him the 2017 Best Lyricist award at the [[Brit Asia TV Music Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/britasia-tv-music-awards-2018-winners-list/|title=BritAsia TV Music Awards 2018: Winners List|date=8 October 2018|website=BizAsia|language=en-GB|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428044957/https://www.bizasialive.com/britasia-tv-music-awards-2018-winners-list/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, he joined Brown Boys Records along with [[Sunny Malton]] and Byg Byrd.

He began to perform live shows in India in 2018, and performed numerous shows in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sidhu-moose-wala-live-performance-in-brempton/?amp_markup=1|title=ਸਿੱਧੂ ਮੂਸੇ ਵਾਲਾ ਨੇਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਲਾਈਵ ਸ਼ੋ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਕੈਨੇਡਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਗੱਡੇ ਝੰਡੇ, ਵੇਖੋ ਵੀਡੀਓ|website=www.ptcpunjabi.co.in|date=24 July 2018|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808171731/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sidhu-moose-wala-live-performance-in-brempton/?amp_markup=1|url-status=live}}</ref> He continued his success with singles like "Issa Jatt", "It's All About You", and "Just Listen".<ref name=":3" /> In May 2018, he released the single "Tochan", followed by "Famous" which entered the [[Official Charts Company|UK Asian Top 40 Chart]].<ref>{{Citation |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=y-PQiShdTKA |title=Sidhu Moose Wala single Tochan |publisher=Humble Music |website=YouTube |date=17 May 2018 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=p3VF6acYG7I |title=Sidhu Moose wala single Famous |website=YouTube |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>

At the 2018 [[PTC Punjabi Music Awards]], he was nominated for the Best New Age Sensation award for "Issa Jatt".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/ptc-punjabi-music-awards-2018-heres-the-full-list-of-nominations/|title=PTC Punjabi Music Awards 2018: Here's The Full List Of Nominations|last1=N|first1=Karan|last2=a|date=24 November 2018|website=[[PTC Punjabi]]|language=en-US|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107162419/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/ptc-punjabi-music-awards-2018-heres-the-full-list-of-nominations/|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2018, he released his first film soundtrack song, "Dollar", for the film ''[[Dakuaan Da Munda]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.kalikwest.com/2018/08/dakuaan-da-munda-sidhu-moosewala-byg-byrd-song-dollar/|title=DAKUAAN DA MUNDA: SIDHU MOOSEWALA AND BYG BYRD SONG 'DOLLAR' IS OUT – KALIKWEST|date=5 August 2018|work=KALIKWEST|access-date=8 August 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808172337/https://www.kalikwest.com/2018/08/dakuaan-da-munda-sidhu-moosewala-byg-byrd-song-dollar/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following various successful songs with [[music publisher]] Humble Music, he began releasing songs independently in 2018, starting with "Warning Shots", a [[diss track]] targeting [[Karan Aujla]]'s track "Lafaafe".<ref name=":4">{{Citation|title=Warning Shots: Sidhu Moose Wala (Official Song) Sunny Malton {{!}} MixSingh|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Xr32HeuuNk|language=en|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210174525/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Xr32HeuuNk&app=desktop|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2018, he released his debut album ''[[PBX 1]]'' under [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], in the [[pop music]] genre with [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]] influences. The album charted on the [[Canadian Albums Chart|''Billboard'' Canadian Albums]] chart,<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/sidhu-moosewala/chart-history/cna/|title=Sidhu Moosewala Chart History|magazine=Billboard|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118032457/https://www.billboard.com/artist/sidhu-moosewala/chart-history/cna/|url-status=live}}</ref> and won the Best Album Award at the 2019 Brit Asia TV Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://britasia.tv/the-winners-of-the-britasia-tv-kuflink-music-awards-2019/|title=THE WINNERS OF THE BRITASIA TV KUFLINK MUSIC AWARDS 2019|last=Dosanjh|first=Kiesha|date=1 December 2019|website=BritAsia TV|language=en-GB|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808141422/https://britasia.tv/the-winners-of-the-britasia-tv-kuflink-music-awards-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref> The album was followed by the release of most of his tracks under his own label, as well as tracks from other artists.

=== 2019–2022: Established singer===
In February 2019 Moose Wala released "Legend" under his own record label, and it won the [[Brit Asia TV]] Kuflink Best Track of the Year Award that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://britasia.tv/the-winners-of-the-britasia-tv-kuflink-music-awards-2019 |title=THE WINNERS OF THE BRITASIA TV KUFLINK MUSIC AWARDS 2019|last=Dosanjh|first=Kiesha|date=1 December 2019|website=BritAsia TV|language=en-GB|access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref>In the same month, he released "Chosen" and "Outlaw", and in April, he released "East Side Flow", which was followed by "Mafia Style" with Aman Hayer. In June, his concert at the Surrey Music Festival was cancelled due to security concerns stemming from violence at his previous performances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/punjabi-rapper-sidhu-moose-wala-5x-fest-performance-cancelled-1.5171099|title=Punjabi singer Sidhu Moose Wala's 5X Fest performance cancelled following police safety assessment|website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=11 June 2019|access-date=12 June 2019|archive-date=17 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617021019/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/punjabi-rapper-sidhu-moose-wala-5x-fest-performance-cancelled-1.5171099|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August, he collaborated with [[Bohemia (rapper)|Bohemia]] on "Same Beef", which was a huge hit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Same Beef Song Bohemia ft Sidhu Moose Wala|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=qk2WMmiiVFE|access-date=19 August 2019|work=YRF| date=18 August 2019 }}</ref> In September, he released two film soundtrack songs: "Dogar" for ''Teri Meri Jodi''<ref>{{Citation|title=Dogar Song Sung by Sidhu Moose wala|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=vZJVbbLzc3E|access-date=3 September 2019|work=White Hill Music}}</ref> and "Jatti Jeone Morh Wargi", featuring [[Sonam Bajwa]], for ''[[Ardab Mutiyaran]]''.<ref>{{citation|title=Sidhu Moose wala Jatti Jeone Morh Wargi|access-date=23 September 2019|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=SSbh67Q8TXs|work=White Hill Music}}</ref> In October, he released "[[47 (song)|47]]", featuring British rappers [[Mist (rapper)|Mist]] and [[Stefflon Don]], which entered the top 20 on the [[UK Singles Chart]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/sidhu-moosewala/chart-history/occ/|title=Sidhu Moosewala Chart History|magazine=Billboard|access-date=23 February 2020|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135148/https://www.billboard.com/artist/sidhu-moosewala/chart-history/occ/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53645/sidhu-moose-wala/|title=Sidhu Moose Wala |website=www.officialcharts.com|access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717074146/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53645/sidhu-moose-wala/|url-status=live}}</ref> The song also charted on the [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|New Zealand top 40 singles]] chart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/|title=The Official New Zealand Music Chart|website=THE OFFICIAL NZ MUSIC CHART|language=en|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-date=23 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223085716/https://nztop40.co.nz/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, [[Spotify]] included him in its list of the most popular artists in Punjab, along with [[Maninder Buttar]] and Karan Aujla.<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Spotify reveals Delhi's music trends for 2019|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/spotify-reveals-delhis-music-trends-for-2019/1687489 |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=17 December 2019 |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113231751/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/spotify-reveals-delhis-music-trends-for-2019/1687489 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2020, Moose Wala was featured along with [[Nseeb]] on [[Prem Dhillon]]'s track "Old Skool".<ref name="Old Skool by Sidhu Moosewala on YouTube">{{cite web |title=Old Skool |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBlO1i_WTiY |website=YouTube | date=10 January 2020 |publisher=Sidhu Moosewala |access-date=13 June 2022}}</ref> The song was followed by "Tibeyan Da Putt", which topped the [[iTunes]] charts and was ranked at number 8 on the [[Apple Music]] charts in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-india/pl.c0e98d2423e54c39b3df955c24df3cc5|title=Top 100: India|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200320112538/https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-india/pl.c0e98d2423e54c39b3df955c24df3cc5|archive-date=20 March 2020|website=[[Apple Music]]|language=en-gb|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> His second studio album, ''[[Snitches Get Stitches]]'', was released under his own label in May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Snitches Get Stitches by Sidhu Moose Wala |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/snitches-get-stitches/1512832321 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135106/https://music.apple.com/in/album/snitches-get-stitches/1512832321 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |access-date=20 May 2020 |website=[[Apple Music]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> That same month, he released the single "Dear Mama" on his mother's birthday.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dear Mama: Sidhu Moose Wala releases a heart touching melody on the birthday of his mother|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/dear-mama-sidhu-moose-wala-releases-a-heart-touching-melody-on-the-birthday-of-his-mother/articleshow/75751789.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=15 May 2020|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525184916/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/dear-mama-sidhu-moose-wala-releases-a-heart-touching-melody-on-the-birthday-of-his-mother/articleshow/75751789.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2020, he collaborated with [[Amrit Maan]] on the song "Bambiha Bole".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bambiha Bole: Amrit Maan and Sidhu Moose Wala collaborate for a power-packed song|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/bambiha-bole-amrit-maan-and-sidhu-moose-wala-collaborate-for-a-power-packed-song/articleshow/76335057.cms|access-date=12 June 2020|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=24 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524090853/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/bambiha-bole-amrit-maan-and-sidhu-moose-wala-collaborate-for-a-power-packed-song/articleshow/76335057.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> whose music video was viewed over ten million times within twenty-four hours.<ref>{{Citation|title=BAMBIHA BOLE (Official Video) Amrit Maan {{!}} Sidhu Moose Wala {{!}} Tru Makers {{!}} Latest Punjabi Songs 2020| date=11 June 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpVNMjpjiJc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613040441/https://m.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=hpVNMjpjiJc|archive-date=13 June 2020|language=en|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> The song reached number one in India and entered the top 50 in Canada and New Zealand on the Apple Music charts.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Top 100: India|url=https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-india/pl.c0e98d2423e54c39b3df955c24df3cc5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613092437/https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-india/pl.c0e98d2423e54c39b3df955c24df3cc5|archive-date=13 June 2020|access-date=12 June 2020|website=[[Apple Music]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Top 100: Canada|url=https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-canada/pl.79bac9045a2540e0b195e983df8ba569|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613093020/https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-canada/pl.79bac9045a2540e0b195e983df8ba569|archive-date=13 June 2020|access-date=12 June 2020|website=[[Apple Music]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 100: New Zealand|url=https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-new-zealand/pl.d8742df90f43402ba5e708eefd6d949a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613091706/https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-new-zealand/pl.d8742df90f43402ba5e708eefd6d949a|archive-date=13 June 2020|access-date=13 June 2020|website=[[Apple Music]]|language=en-gb}}</ref>It topped the UK Asian chart and also entered the top 5 of the Global YouTube charts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20200619/asian/|access-date=9 July 2020|website=www.officialcharts.com|language=en|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709122449/https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20200619/asian/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=YouTube Music Charts|url=https://charts.youtube.com/charts/TopSongs/global/20200612-20200618?hl=en-gb|access-date=9 July 2020|website=charts.youtube.com|language=en-GB|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709033727/https://charts.youtube.com/charts/TopSongs/global/20200612-20200618?hl=en-gb|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 August 2020, he officially launched his record label, 5911 Records.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Sidhu Moosewala (ਮੂਸੇ ਆਲਾ)'s Instagram video: "LEGENDARY SHIT "5911 RECORDS " SHARE SUPPORT AND SUBSCRIBE |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CEjcdzVpbey/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/CEjcdzVpbey |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=1 September 2020 |website=Instagram |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref>In September 2020, he released "Game" with [[Shooter Kahlon]]. It was his first song to appear on the [[Canadian Hot 100]] chart by [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]. Also, "Game" is the most commented Indian song on YouTube with over 5 million comments.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Sidhu Moosewala|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/sidhu-moosewala/chart-history/can/|access-date=13 June 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=3 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503101903/https://www.billboard.com/artist/sidhu-moosewala/chart-history/can/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2021, Moose Wala released his third studio album, ''[[Moosetape]]''. The album charted on the New Zealand Top 40 Albums chart by ''[[Recorded Music NZ]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official New Zealand Music Chart |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/albums/2021-07-16 |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=THE OFFICIAL NZ MUSIC CHART |language=en}}</ref> Singles from the album charted on various international charts including the [[Billboard Global 200|''Billboard'' Global 200]], Canadian Hot 100, and New Zealand Hot Singles charts. On 12 September 2021, he performed at the [[Wireless Festival]] in London with Mist. Moose Wala was the first Indian singer to perform at this festival.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 September 2021|title=Sidhu Moosewala Becomes The First Indian Artist To Ever Perform At The Wireless Festival, UK|url=https://kiddaan.com/sidhu-moosewala-becomes-the-first-indian-artist-to-ever-perform-at-the-wireless-festival-uk/|access-date=13 September 2021|website=Kiddaan|language=en-US|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913040500/https://kiddaan.com/sidhu-moosewala-becomes-the-first-indian-artist-to-ever-perform-at-the-wireless-festival-uk/|url-status=live |last1=Team |first1=Kiddaan. com }}</ref>

In April 2022, Moose Wala released the [[Extended play|EP]] ''[[No Name (EP)|No Name]]'' featuring [[AR Paisley]], [[Mr. Capone-E]] and Sunny Malton,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gheciu |first=Alex Nino |title=Sidhu Moose Wala Drops Surprise EP 'No Name' f/ Sunny Malton, AR Paisley |url=https://www.complex.com/music/sidhu-moose-wala-no-name |access-date=18 May 2022 |website=[[Complex Networks]] |date=26 April 2022 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521115654/https://www.complex.com/music/sidhu-moose-wala-no-name |url-status=live }}</ref> The EP performed well on various music charts. It reached number 50 on the Canadian Albums Chart, and the song "Never Fold" debuted at number 92 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. The songs also charted internationally. In New Zealand, "Never Fold" peaked at number 19, while "0 to 100" and "Love Sick" reached numbers 34 and 39, respectively. In the UK, "Never Fold" topped the Punjabi chart at number 4, followed by "0-100" at number 9 and "Everybody Hurts" at number 10.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2 January 2013 |title=Billboard Canadian Albums |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331124809/https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Before his death, Sidhu Moose Wala released two songs, "[[The Last Ride (song)|The Last Ride]]" and "[[Levels (Sidhu Moose Wala song)|Levels]]". "Levels" was his last song, released in May 2022. These songs made it to the Billboard Canadian Hot 100 chart. "The Last Ride" reached number 26 and "Levels" reached number 32. Additionally, both songs appeared on the Billboard Global Excl. US chart, with "The Last Ride" at number 103 and "Levels" at number 195.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://kiddaan.com/sidhu-moosewalas-songs-295the-last-ridelevelsand-more-ranked-at-billboard/|title=Sidhu Moose Wala billboard charts|work=Kiddaan|date=7 June 2022|access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref>

===Posthumous Releases===
In June 2022, his single "[[SYL (song)|SYL]]" (a reference to the [[Sutlej Yamuna link canal|Satluj Yamuna link canal]]) posthumously peaked at 27 on the Canadian Hot 100, 81 in Australia, 3 in India, and 200 on the Global Excl. US chart.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2 January 2013 |title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100 |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/ |access-date=4 July 2022 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>

In April 2023, Sidhu's unreleased song "[[Mera Na]]", a collaboration with [[Burna Boy]], was released posthumously. The song charted on several international music charts. In Canada, it peaked at number 14 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart on 22 April 2023. Globally, the song reached number 102 on the Billboard Global Excl. US chart. In New Zealand, it peaked at number 2 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart. In the UK, the song reached number 87 on the UK Singles Chart and number 27 on the UK Indie Singles Chart.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=13 December 2024 |title=Sidhu Moose Wala's Posthumous Song 'Mera Na' with Burna Boy and Steel Banglez Sees His Legend Grow |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/sidhu-moose-wala-mera-na-song-burna-boy-steel-banglez-video/ |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=[[Rolling Stone India]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Sounak |date=13 December 2024 |title=Watch 'Mera Na'; Sidhu Moosewala's latest song has been released posthumously |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/watch-mera-na-sidhu-moosewala-s-latest-song-has-been-released-posthumously-11680854353252.html |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=[[LiveMint]] |language=en}}</ref>

"Chorni", a collaboration with [[Divine (rapper)|Divine]], was released in July 2023 and went on to chart on several international music charts. The song achieved notable success, peaking at number 27 on the Canada Hot 100 chart and number 7 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2 January 2013 |title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100 |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/ |access-date=14 December 2024|magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> Another song, "Watch Out", a collaboration with Sikander Kahlon, was released in November 2023, which also gained significant traction, reaching number 33 on the Canada Hot 100 chart, number 11 on the New Zealand Hot Singles Chart, and number 3 on the UK Asian Chart.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2 January 2013 |title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100 |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/ |access-date=14 December 2024|magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>

Sidhu's song "Drippy", a collaboration with [[AR Paisley]], was released in February 2024. The song charted on several international music charts. In Canada, it peaked at number 9 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. Globally, the song reached number 152 on the Billboard Global Excluding US chart. In New Zealand, it peaked at number 11 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart and number 1 on the UK Asian Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2024-02-17/|title=''Billboard'' Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 17, 2024|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Sidhu Moose Wala Chart History: India Songs|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/sidhu-moose-wala/chart-history/i16/|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref>

Sidhu released another titled "410" in collaboration with [[Sunny Malton]] in April 2024. He also collaborated with [[Fredo (rapper)|Fredo]] and [[Steel Banglez]] on a song released in August 2023. Both songs charted on the Canada Hot 100, New Zealand, and UK music charts.

=== Acting ===
Moose Wala made his debut in [[Punjabi cinema]] with the film ''[[Yes I Am Student]]'' under his own production company Jatt Life Studios.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/yes-i-am-student-the-shoot-of-sidhu-moose-walas-debut-movie-goes-on-the-floor/articleshow/70856241.cms|title=Yes I Am Student: The shoot of Sidhu Moose Wala's debut movie goes on the floor – Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=18 February 2020|archive-date=18 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918163718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/yes-i-am-student-the-shoot-of-sidhu-moose-walas-debut-movie-goes-on-the-floor/articleshow/70856241.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Tarnvir Singh Jagpal]] and written by Gill Raunta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/sidhu-moose-wala-is-making-his-cinematic-debut-in-and-as-yes-i-am-a-student/articleshow/66846535.cms|title=Sidhu Moose Wala is making his cinematic debut in and as 'Yes I Am A Student' – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321101548/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/sidhu-moose-wala-is-making-his-cinematic-debut-in-and-as-yes-i-am-a-student/articleshow/66846535.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Moose Wala appeared in ''Teri Meri Jodi''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=11 September 2019|title=Sidhu Moose Wala's Punjabi film 'Teri Meri Jodi' set for UK release|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sidhu-moose-walas-punjabi-film-teri-meri-jodi-set-for-uk-release/|access-date=21 July 2020|website=BizAsia|language=en-GB|archive-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202115121/https://www.bizasialive.com/sidhu-moose-walas-punjabi-film-teri-meri-jodi-set-for-uk-release/|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2020, he announced another film titled ''Gunah''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 June 2020|title=Amrit Maan and Sidhu Moose Wala to play the lead in 'Gunah'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/amrit-maan-and-sidhu-moose-wala-to-play-the-lead-in-gunah/articleshow/76420969.cms|access-date=24 August 2020|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815000728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/amrit-maan-and-sidhu-moose-wala-to-play-the-lead-in-gunah/articleshow/76420969.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 August 2021, he released the teaser of his upcoming movie, ''[[Moosa Jatt]]'', starring Sweetaj Brar and directed by Tru Makers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moosa Jatt Teaser: Latest News, Photos and Videos on Moosa Jatt Teaser – ABP Sanjha|url=https://punjabi.abplive.com/topic/moosa-jatt-teaser|access-date=22 August 2021|website=punjabi.abplive.com|archive-date=22 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822061856/https://punjabi.abplive.com/topic/moosa-jatt-teaser|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 August 2021, he announced his new film ''Jattan Da Munda Gaun Lagya'', directed by [[Amberdeep Singh]], which was set for release on 18 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 August 2021|title=Jattan Da Munda Gaun Lagya: Sidhu Moosewala Announces One Of The Biggest Punjabi Movies Of 2022|url=https://kiddaan.com/jattan-da-munda-gaun-lagya-sidhu-moosewala-announces-one-of-the-biggest-punjabi-movies-of-2022/|access-date=24 August 2021|website=Kiddaan|language=en-US|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824162752/https://kiddaan.com/jattan-da-munda-gaun-lagya-sidhu-moosewala-announces-one-of-the-biggest-punjabi-movies-of-2022/|url-status=live |last1=Team |first1=Kiddaan. com }}</ref>

==Public Image==
Sidhu Moose Wala's public image was complex. As a celebrated music icon, he was admired for his unique style and authenticity. However, his lyrics often sparked controversy, with critics accusing him of promoting violence. Despite this, Sidhu Moose Wala remained steadfast and defended his views, subsequently earning a strong following and leaving a lasting impact on Punjabi music.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steel Banglez inspired by Sidhu Moose Wala to make 'best music'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0l85g6747ro|access-date=13 December 2024|website=BBC|date=5 September 2024 }}</ref> [[Raja Kumari]] called Sidhu Moose Wala her "Gentle Giant", stating, "He played a huge role in popularizing Punjabi music and creating opportunities for female artists like me."<ref>{{Cite web|title="We Lost Him Too Early" says Raja Kumari; lovingly calls Sidhu Moosewala her Gentle Giant on Hustle 4: Hip Hop Don't Stop'|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/tv/we-lost-him-too-early-says-raja-kumari-lovingly-calls-sidhu-moosewala-her-gentle-giant-on-hustle-4-hip-hop-don-t-stop/ar-AA1v4SG6?apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1|access-date=13 December 2024|website=MSN}}</ref> [[Honey Singh]] credited Sidhu Moose Wala for taking [[Punjabi Music]] to the global stage.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] called Sidhu Moose Wala a legend, noting his legacy and decision to remain connected to his community roots despite achieving global success.<ref>{{cite web|title=Badshah Talks About YouTube Controversy, Shares Why Sidhu Moosewala Will Always Be A Legend For Him|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/celebrities/badshah-talks-about-youtube-controversy-shares-why-sidhu-moosewala-will-always-be-a-legend-for-him-1616588|access-date=13 December 2024|website=ABP|date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
===Family===
Sidhu Moose Wala lived in his home village [[Moosa, Mansa district|Moosa]], which his fans often visited to meet him. He was very attached to his grandmother and kept his hair long at her request, a practice considered very important in Sikhism. In contrast, his father was unable to keep his hair due to an accident.<ref>{{cite web|title=From Getting His Hair Combed By His Mother To Wanting A Superpower Of Curing Cancer, Here Are 4 Things About Sidhu Moose Wala That Prove Was A Pure Soul|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/from-getting-his-hair-combed-by-his-mother-to-wanting-a-superpower-of-curing-cancer-here-are-4-things-about-sidhu-moose-wala-that-prove-was-a-pure-soul/photostory/91941387.cms|access-date=7 August 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Suno Sarpanch Saab:World Famous Singer Sidhu Moose Wala interview in his Village|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=lRDKuwyUPEc|work=Dainik Savera| date=23 November 2018 |access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref> On 17 March 2024, two years after his death, Sidhu's parents had a second son via [[in vitro fertilisation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sidhu Moosewala's Parents Reveal Face Of His Younger Brother Shubhdeep|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sidhu-moosewalas-parents-reveal-face-of-his-younger-brother-shubhdeep-6969464|access-date=9 November 2024|work=[[NDTV]]|date=Nov 2024 }}</ref>

=== Feuds ===
Moose Wala had a rivalry with Karan Aujla; both have replied to each other through songs, on social media, and in live performances.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Jasmine |date=31 July 2018 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/life-style/song-that-says-it-all/629245.html |title=Song that says it all |work=The Tribune |access-date=8 October 2019 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135131/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/song-that-says-it-all-629245 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Sidhu Moosewala vs Karan aujla {{!}} Sidhu Moosewala Controversy{{!}} Sidhu vs Geet mp3 {{!}} ABP Sanjha|date=4 May 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_ZyFxxsfsg|publisher=[[ABP Sanjha]]|language=pa|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135124/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_ZyFxxsfsg|url-status=live}}</ref> Both have also been criticised for songs promoting violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/when-violence-is-the-object-not-subject-42368|title=When violence is the object, not subject|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200216093759/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/when-violence-is-the-object-not-subject-42368 | archive-date=16 February 2020|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> In an interview their mutual colleague Elly Mangat disclosed that the dispute between them began when Moose Wala's video targeting Aujla in his song was leaked to Aujla's management, and they threatened to attack Moose Wala. Following the incident, both started targeting each other on social media.<ref>{{Citation|title=ਗਰਮ ਮੁੱਦਾ – Sidhu Moose Wala ਦੇ ਗੋਲੀ ਮਾਰਨ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਸੀ ਧਮਕੀ Elly Mangat Karan Aujla|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=matNGKZ0IRE|last=Doaba TV|website=[[YouTube]]|date=5 March 2019|language=pa|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135126/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=matNGKZ0IRE|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fascination for guns set to backfire on Moose Wala|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/fascination-for-guns-set-to-backfire-on-moose-wala/story-6WOps6YcRdAKixO0CbgMQL.html|date=19 May 2020|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520143309/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/fascination-for-guns-set-to-backfire-on-moose-wala/story-6WOps6YcRdAKixO0CbgMQL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The rivalry was resolved temporarily until Aujla released a diss track, "Lafaafe", which Moose Wala responded to with "Warning Shots".<ref name=":4" /> Aujla in an interview stated that he did not write the track "Lafaafe" and did not reveal anything about their rivalry, but praised Moose Wala's work.<ref>{{Citation|title=Karan Aujla: A journey from a songwriter to singer|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXmVjpCac7c|publisher=[[Prime Asia Television|Prime Asia TV Canada]]|language=pa|last=Devinder S. Benipal|date=27 December 2018|access-date=17 May 2020|quote=Watch at 8:30|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301054559/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXmVjpCac7c|url-status=live}}</ref> After his death, Aujla paid tribute with the song "Maa".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chhabra |first1=Bhavya |title=Maa Boldi Aa: Karan Aujla's Song On Sidhu Moosewala's Parents Get Leaked |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/381430-Maa-Boldi-Aa-Karan-Aujlas-Song-On-Sidhu-Moosewalas-Parents-Get-Leaked |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=5 Dariya News |date=3 August 2022}}</ref>

=== Legal issues and controversies ===
At the time of his death, Moose Wala was facing criminal charges for promoting gun culture and violence. Two of the charges were related to obscene scenes.<ref name="Tribune News dead">{{Cite news |title=Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala shot dead in Mansa village a day after security cover curtailed |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-injured-in-firing-incident-at-mansa-village-399267 |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Tribune |date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135120/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-injured-in-firing-incident-at-mansa-village-399267 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2020, two videos featuring him went viral on social media: one showed him training to use an [[AK-47]] with assistance from police officers,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Video of cops showing Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala how to use gun goes viral|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/video-of-cops-showing-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-how-to-use-gun-goes-viral-80305|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521002803/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/video-of-cops-showing-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-how-to-use-gun-goes-viral-80305|url-status=live}}</ref> and the other showed him using a personal pistol.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangrur police book Punjabi singer Sidhu Moose Wala for curfew violations|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/sangrur-police-book-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-for-curfew-violations/story-JQjoivQOG3tkxIrJkpBXRK.html|date=5 May 2020|last=Singh|first=Avtar|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527163810/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/sangrur-police-book-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-for-curfew-violations/story-JQjoivQOG3tkxIrJkpBXRK.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The six officers who had assisted him were suspended following the incident.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Punjabi singer booked after firing video goes viral, 6 policemen suspended|url=https://scroll.in/latest/961070/punjabi-singer-booked-after-firing-video-goes-viral-6-policemen-suspended|author=Scroll Staff|website=[[Scroll.in]]|date=5 May 2020 |language=en-US|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519214716/https://scroll.in/latest/961070/punjabi-singer-booked-after-firing-video-goes-viral-6-policemen-suspended|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 May, he was booked under two sections of the [[Arms Act, 1959|Arms Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sidhu Moose Wala now booked under Arms Act provisions: Police to HC|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sidhu-moose-wala-arms-act-police-6416974/|date=19 May 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525024125/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sidhu-moose-wala-arms-act-police-6416974/|url-status=live}}</ref> The police began conducting raids to find Moose Wala, but he hid to evade arrest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=singer moose wala: Punjab: Sangrur police constitute special teams to arrest singer Moose Wala|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/punjab-sangrur-police-constitute-special-teams-to-arrest-singer-moose-wala/articleshow/75856098.cms|first=Manish|last=Sirhindi|date=21 May 2020|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=21 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521232913/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/punjab-sangrur-police-constitute-special-teams-to-arrest-singer-moose-wala/articleshow/75856098.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangrur police start raids to arrest singer Sidhu Moosewala, others|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sangrur-police-start-raids-to-arrest-singer-sidhu-moosewala-others-87500|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528063330/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sangrur-police-start-raids-to-arrest-singer-sidhu-moosewala-others-87500|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sikh24.com/2020/05/23/sidhu-moosewala-goes-underground-raiding-cops-find-his-house-locked-in-village-moosa/#.XskJcyXhXDs|title=Sidhu Moosewala goes underground; Raiding cops find his house locked in village Moosa|newspaper=Sikh24.Com|date=23 May 2020|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627231106/https://www.sikh24.com/2020/05/23/sidhu-moosewala-goes-underground-raiding-cops-find-his-house-locked-in-village-moosa/#.XskJcyXhXDs|url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 June, the [[Barnala district|Barnala]] District Court rejected a plea for [[anticipatory bail]] for Moose Wala and five accused officers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Singer Sidhu Moosewala case: Barnala court rejects anticipatory bail of six accused|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/singer-sidhu-moosewala-case-barnala-court-rejects-anticipatory-bail-of-six-accused-93483|date=2 June 2020|access-date=3 June 2020|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603061014/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/singer-sidhu-moosewala-case-barnala-court-rejects-anticipatory-bail-of-six-accused-93483|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 6 June 2020, Moose Wala was fined by police in [[Nabha]] because his car windows were tinted darker than what was permissible, and he was allowed to leave despite being wanted on outstanding charges; he incorrectly told the officers that he was already out on bail.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Punjabi singer Sidhu Moose Wala caught driving with tinted windows, let off with a challan|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-caught-driving-with-tinted-windows-let-off-with-a-challan/story-0pdjmiIK9n0fqXa9pQqqIK.html|access-date=11 June 2020|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611045847/https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-caught-driving-with-tinted-windows-let-off-with-a-challan/story-0pdjmiIK9n0fqXa9pQqqIK.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In July, he joined the police investigation and was granted regular bail.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Parvesh|title=Sidhu Moosewala gets regular bail in Arms Act case|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-gets-regular-bail-in-arms-act-case-113313|access-date=18 July 2020|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716213123/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-gets-regular-bail-in-arms-act-case-113313|url-status=live}}</ref> That month, he released a single titled "Sanju", comparing himself to actor [[Sanjay Dutt]], who was also arrested under the Arms Act.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cLTT_bEqTg|title=SANJU (Full Video) Sidhu Moose Wala | The Kidd | Latest Punjabi Songs 2020|date=16 July 2020 |via=www.youtube.com|access-date=17 October 2021|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017080657/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cLTT_bEqTg|url-status=live}}</ref> Indian sport shooter [[Avneet Sidhu]] criticised the song and called out Moose Wala for promoting gun culture.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Parvesh|date=18 July 2020|title=Avneet Sidhu calls out Moose Wala for 'blatant glorification of weapons' in his latest song|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/avneet-sidhu-calls-out-moosewala-for-blatant-glorification-of-weapons-in-his-latest-song-114731|access-date=20 July 2020|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en|archive-date=19 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719204127/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/avneet-sidhu-calls-out-moosewala-for-blatant-glorification-of-weapons-in-his-latest-song-114731|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Nitin|date=19 July 2020|title=Row over Moosewala: Singers should not promote gun culture, says Olympic shooter|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/row-over-moosewala-singers-should-not-promote-gun-culture-says-shooting-olympian-6512543/|access-date=20 July 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|archive-date=19 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719223327/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/row-over-moosewala-singers-should-not-promote-gun-culture-says-shooting-olympian-6512543/|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, a case was registered against him for releasing the song.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 July 2020|title=Another case registered against Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/another-case-registered-against-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-115428|access-date=20 July 2020|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721054430/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/another-case-registered-against-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-115428|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview, Moose Wala alleged that he was being deliberately targeted by some news channels and lawyers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=21 July 2020|title=News18 ਤੇ ਗਾਇਕ Sidhu Moose Wala Super Exclusive ,ਕੁਝ ਲੋਕ ਮੇਰੀ ਤਰੱਕੀ ਤੋਂ ਖੁਸ਼ ਨਹੀਂ।Khabra Punjab Toh – YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaV_4Coms50&feature=youtu.be|access-date=21 July 2020|website=[[YouTube]]|archive-date=5 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905114714/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaV_4Coms50&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== References to Mai Bhago ===
In September 2019, his song "Jatti Jeone Morh Wargi" was deemed inappropriate by [[Sikh]] leaders for using the name of [[Mai Bhago]], a 17th-century Sikh warrior woman.<ref name="IE_31May2022">{{cite news |date=31 May 2022 |title=Explained: Who was Sidhu Moosewala? |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-who-was-sidhu-moosewala-7943767/ |access-date=1 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="Tribune_Sept2019">{{cite news |date=21 September 2019 |title=Moosewala's song sparks row |work=Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/moosewala-s-song-sparks-row-835567 |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> Sikh delegations and [[Akali Dal]] leaders demanded a ban on the song, subsequently lodging complaints against Moose Wala in Mansa and [[Bathinda]].<ref name="Tribune_Sept2019" /> Moose Wala later apologised on social media and in March 2020 appeared before the Sikh religious body [[Akal Takht]] in a hearing over the incident.<ref name="IE_31May2022" />

=== References to Khalistan movement ===
In December 2020, Moose Wala released the single "Panjab: My Motherland" in support of the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|Indian farmers protest]] against the [[2020 Indian agriculture acts]], which featured clips of orthodox Sikh militant [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] and speeches made by [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan]] supporter Bharpur Singh Balbir in the late 1980s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brar |first1=Kamaldeep Singh |date=5 August 2020 |title=Sidhu Moosewala: The Punjab Police poster boy who turned into controversy's child |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sidhu-moosewala-the-punjab-police-poster-boy-who-turned-into-controversys-child-6537892/ |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135104/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sidhu-moosewala-the-punjab-police-poster-boy-who-turned-into-controversys-child-6537892/ |archive-date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 December 2020 |title=Two Punjabs sing in farmers' support — one for brotherhood, other with visuals of Bhindranwale |language=en |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/2-punjabs-sing-in-farmers-support-one-for-brotherhood-other-with-visuals-of-bhindranwale-7127099 |url-status=live |access-date=30 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212700/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/2-punjabs-sing-in-farmers-support-one-for-brotherhood-other-with-visuals-of-bhindranwale-7127099/ |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 December 2021 |title=Controversial Punjabi singer joins Cong. |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/controversial-punjabi-singer-joins-cong/article37832290.ece |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> In an interview Moose Wala said that Khalistan means a 'pure place' ({{Langx|hi|पवित्र-स्थान}}), like it was under the rule of [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], where people of all religions lived in harmony. Similarly Sidhu clarified in the interview that Khalistan, to him, means the rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, not a separate country. He emphasised that he is an Indian citizen, living in India, and has a deep connection to the country.<ref>{{cite AV media |script-title=pa:ਲਾਇਸੰਸੀ ਹਥਿਆਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਬੋਲਿਆ Sidhu Moose Wala, ਜੱਥੇਦਾਰ ਦੇ ਬਿਆਨ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ Exclusive Interview |language=pa |publisher=On Air |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmSLMaPms7E |access-date=7 June 2022 |minutes=26:39}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |script-title=pa:ਲਾਇਸੰਸੀ ਹਥਿਆਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਬੋਲਿਆ Sidhu Moose Wala, ਜੱਥੇਦਾਰ ਦੇ ਬਿਆਨ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ Exclusive Interview |language=pa |publisher=On Air |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmSLMaPms7E |access-date=13 November 2024}}</ref>

== Politics ==
Moose Wala actively campaigned for his mother, Charan Kaur, who won the [[sarpanch]] election for Moosa in December 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Badals' kin loses from native village; Sidhu Moosewala's mother wins |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/badals-kin-loses-from-native-village-sidhu-moosewala-s-mother-wins/706210.html |access-date=16 September 2019 |work=The Tribune |date=30 December 2018 |archive-date=30 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230202010/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/badals-kin-loses-from-native-village-sidhu-moosewala-s-mother-wins/706210.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Sidhu Moose Wala Congress.png|thumb|Moose Wala joining [[Indian National Congress]] in the presence of Chief Minister [[Charanjit Singh Channi]] and PPCC President [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]].]]
On 3 December 2021, Moose Wala joined the [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to contest the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saran |first1=Mekhala |title=Sidhu Moose Wala Joins Congress: Who Is He? What Controversies Is He Mired In? |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/sidhu-moose-wala-joins-congress-who-is-he |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=TheQuint |date=3 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203135805/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/news/politics/sidhu-moose-wala-joins-congress-who-is-he |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Singer Sidhu Moosewala joins Congress in Punjab |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/singer-sidhu-moosewala-joins-congress-in-punjab-7653742/lite/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429221653/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/singer-sidhu-moosewala-joins-congress-in-punjab-7653742/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Nazar Singh Manshahia, the INC assemblyman from Mansa, revolted and opposed Moose Wala's candidacy.<ref name="cremated">{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala Cremation Live News Updates: Moosewala cremated at his native village in Mansa district, hundreds attend |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sidhu-moosewala-cremation-live-updates-mansa-punjab-7944839/ |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=31 May 2022}}</ref> Obtaining only 20.52% votes from the [[Mansa, Punjab Assembly constituency|Mansa constituency]], Moose Wala lost to the [[Aam Aadmi Party]]'s [[Vijay Singla]] by a margin of 63,323 votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab Tunes Out Controversial Singer Congress' Sidhu Moosewala: 5 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-election-results-punjab-rejects-controversial-singer-congress-sidhu-moosewala-tunes-5-facts-2815667 |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=NDTV |date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310142751/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-election-results-punjab-rejects-controversial-singer-congress-sidhu-moosewala-tunes-5-facts-2815667 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the 2022 election, a case under Section 188 of the [[Indian Penal Code]] was filed against Moose Wala for his violation of the election code of conduct. He had held a door-to-door campaign in Mansa after the campaigning deadline.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Punjab polls 2022: CM Charanjit S Channi, singer Sidhu Moose Wala booked for flouting election code of conduct |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/punjab-polls-2022-cm-charanjit-s-channi-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-booked-for-flouting-election-code-of-conduct |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=19 February 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314174041/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/punjab-polls-2022-cm-charanjit-s-channi-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-booked-for-flouting-election-code-of-conduct |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 11 April 2022, Moose Wala released a song titled "Scapegoat", in which he laments his failure in the 2022 elections.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jagga |first=Raakhi |date=12 April 2022 |title=Punjab: For electoral loss, Sidhu Moosewala blames 'gaddar' voters in song, AAP lashes out |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/sidhu-moosewala-electoral-loss-song-gaddar-voters-aap-7866631/ |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=The Indian Express |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415093913/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/sidhu-moosewala-electoral-loss-song-gaddar-voters-aap-7866631/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) claimed that Moose Wala insinuated through his song that the voters of Punjab were ''gadara'' ({{Langx|pa|ਗੱਦਾਰ|links=no|lit=traitors}}) for electing the AAP. They also claimed that his song perpetuated the INC's "anti-Punjab" mentality and demanded an answer from the party's state unit president, [[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]], on whether he endorsed Moose Wala's views.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sehgal |first1=Manjeet |last2=Sharma |first2=Lalit |date=13 April 2022 |title=Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala sparks row after he calls AAP supporters 'traitors' in his song |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-sparks-row-calls-aap-supporters-traitors-in-song-1936765-2022-04-13 |access-date=15 April 2022 |work=India Today |language=en |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412225344/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-sparks-row-calls-aap-supporters-traitors-in-song-1936765-2022-04-13 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Electoral results ===
{{Transcluded section|source=Mansa, Punjab Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Mansa, Punjab Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== Assassination ==
{{Main articles|Assassination of Sidhu Moose Wala}}

{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Assassination of Sidhu Moose Wala
| image =
| caption =
| location = Jawaharke Village, [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| target = Sidhu Moose Wala
| murderer = 
| type = [[Murder]] by [[drive-by shooting]], [[assassination]]
| date = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|5|29}}
| time = 5:30 p.m.
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| weapon = 
| perpetrators = Unconfirmed
| accused = [[Lawrence Bishnoi]] [[Goldy Brar]]
| fatalities = 1 (Sidhu Moose Wala)
| injuries = 2
}}

Moose Wala was shot dead by unidentified assailants in his car on 29 May 2022 in Jawaharke village of Mansa at age of 28. According to police, [[Lawrence Bishnoi]]'s gang initially claimed responsibility for the murder in an unverified [[Facebook]] post, which Bishnoi denied making,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sengar |first1=Mukesh Singh |last2=Achom |first2=Debanish |date=1 June 2022 |title=Gangster Linked To Sidhu Moose Wala's Murder Not Cooperating: Sources |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gangster-lawrence-bishnoi-linked-to-sidhu-moose-walas-murder-not-cooperating-say-sources-3029131 |work=NDTV |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> and he was being held by the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] {{As of|2022|June|lc=y}} and was considered the "mastermind" of the murder by officials.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moose Wala Case: Gangster Lawrence Bishnoi is mastermind, say officials |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-case-gangster-lawrence-bishnoi-is-mastermind-says-top-delhi-police/articleshow/92087268.cms |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=Economic Times |date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How did Lawrence Bishnoi mastermind Sidhu Moosewala's killing from jail? |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/how-did-lawrence-bishnoi-mastermind-sidhu-moosewalas-killing-from-jail-403270 |access-date=15 June 2022 |agency=IANS |work=Tribune India |date=12 June 2022}}</ref>

According to police, at around 5:10{{Nbsp}}pm, Moose Wala left his house with his cousin Gurpreet Singh and neighbour Gurwinder Singh. Moose Wala was driving his black [[Mahindra Thar]] SUV to his aunt's house in [[Barnala]].<ref name="NDTV details" /> At 5:30{{Nbsp}}pm when the SUV reached Jawaharke, two other cars intercepted and blocked it.<ref name="NDTV 30 May Shot" /> Thirty rounds were fired during the incident, which also injured two other men.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goswami |first=Sohini |date=29 May 2022 |title=Punjabi singer Sidhu Moose Wala shot dead day after govt withdrew his security |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-shot-dead-in-firing-incident-in-mansa-district-101653828722161.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135151/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-shot-dead-in-firing-incident-in-mansa-district-101653828722161.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Moose Wala fired back at the attackers using his pistol. After the shootout, the attackers left the scene.<ref name="NDTV details" /> His father took Moose Wala to the civil hospital in [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]], where he was declared dead.<ref name="indianexpress death" />

Moose Wala was among the 424 people whose police security was reduced or entirely removed the day before, in preparation for the anniversary of [[Operation Blue Star]], leaving him with two commandos instead of the earlier four.<ref name="indianexpress death">{{Cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=Punjabi singer and Congress leader Sidhu Moose Wala shot dead in Mansa |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/amritsar/punjabi-singer-congress-leader-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-dead-7942590/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135109/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/amritsar/punjabi-singer-congress-leader-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-dead-7942590/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mateen |first=Zoya |date=30 May 2022 |title=Sidhu Moose Wala: Murder of popular Indian singer sparks anger |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61629130 |access-date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530110041/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61629130 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time of the incident, Moose Wala was travelling in his private car accompanied by two others instead of his bullet-proof vehicle with the commandos.<ref name="10 Facts">{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala Shot Dead: The Singer Was Not in His Usual Bullet-Proof Car, Say Sources {{!}} 10 Facts |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-shot-at-rushed-to-hospital-in-critical-condition-5270287.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=News18 |date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135110/https://www.news18.com/news/india/punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala-shot-at-rushed-to-hospital-in-critical-condition-5270287.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TNS">{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala had 2 security personnel, private bulletproof vehicle; he travelled without them: Punjab DGP Bhawra |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-murder-punjab-dgp-vk-bhawra-says-sit-to-be-formed-to-probe-case-399284 |work=The Tribune |date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531002557/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-murder-punjab-dgp-vk-bhawra-says-sit-to-be-formed-to-probe-case-399284 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=31 May 2022 }}</ref> According to his friends, Moose Wala did not take his security along with him, as his Thar SUV could not accommodate five people.<ref name="NDTV details">{{cite news |last1=Ghazali |first1=Mohammed |last2=Kumar |first2=Akhil |title=How Sidhu Moose Wala Was Killed - The Chilling Details |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-sidhu-moose-wala-was-killed-the-chilling-details-3028055 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=NDTV |date=1 June 2022}}</ref>

=== Aftermath ===
According to police, the Bishnoi gang claimed they killed Moose Wala to avenge the murder of an Akali leader, Vicky Middukhera, in 2021. Moose Wala's aide was purported by the Bishnoi gang of having a role in the killing of Middukhera, though there is no legal evidence to support this.<ref name="NDTV 30 May Shot">{{cite news |title=Singer Sidhu Moose Wala Shot 30 Times, Then Killers Did A Check: Sources |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-30-times-then-killers-did-a-check-sources-3021402 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=NDTV |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135111/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-wala-shot-30-times-then-killers-did-a-check-sources-3021402 |url-status=live }}</ref> Canadian [[gangster]] of Punjabi origin Satinder Singh {{Aka}} [[Goldy Brar]] claimed responsibility for the murder. Brar, a close associate of Bishnoi, claimed that his "[[Organized crime in India#Organized crime in Punjab|Punjab module]]" carried out the shooting. Both Brar and Bishnoi have criminal cases against them in India. The Punjab Police later confirmed Bishnoi's involvement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=Canada-Based Gangster Responsible for Fatal Attack on Sidhu Moose Wala: Police |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/canada-based-gangster-goldy-brar-takes-responsibility-for-sidhu-moose-walas-murder |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=TheQuint |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135112/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/canada-based-gangster-goldy-brar-takes-responsibility-for-sidhu-moose-walas-murder |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Who is Goldy Brar? Know about Canada-based gangster believed to be behind Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala's murder |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-goldy-brar-know-about-canada-based-gangster-believed-to-be-behind-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewalas-murder |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530184108/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-is-goldy-brar-know-about-canada-based-gangster-believed-to-be-behind-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewalas-murder |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2022 |title=Canada-based gangster takes responsibility for killing Moosewala |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/canada-based-gangster-takes-responsibility-for-killing-moosewala-1113548.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |agency=IANS |work=Deccan Herald |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530184110/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/canada-based-gangster-takes-responsibility-for-killing-moosewala-1113548.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the police report, Moose Wala's father revealed that Moose Wala had been receiving death threats from gangsters for extortion purposes, a statement corroborated by singer [[Mika Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moose Wala Received Threats, Including From Bishnoi Gang, Father Mentions In FIR |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-murder-singer-received-threats-including-from-bishnoi-gang-mentions-father-in-fir-key-developments-1534556 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=ABP News |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530184109/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-murder-singer-received-threats-including-from-bishnoi-gang-mentions-father-in-fir-key-developments-1534556 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Punjab Chief Minister [[Bhagwant Mann]] condemned the murder. Calling Moose Wala "a cultural icon of Punjab", he expressed shock and grief about his death and condoled the aggrieved family.<ref name="judicial commission" /><ref>{{cite news |title=CM Bhagwant Mann 'shocked' by Sidhu Moosewala's murder, says guilty will not be spared |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/cm-bhagwant-mann-shocked-by-moosewalas-murder-says-guilty-will-be-spared-399277 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=Tribune |date=30 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Mann ordered an investigation into why Moose Wala's security was reduced by the Punjab Police two days prior.<ref name="NDTV 30 May Shot" /> He also announced the setting up of a judicial commission headed by a sitting judge of the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] to investigate the killing.<ref name="judicial commission">{{cite news |title=CM announces to set up judicial commission under sitting HC judge to probe killing of Sidhu Moosewala |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/cm-announces-to-set-up-judicial-commission-under-sitting-hc-judge-to-probe-killing-of-sidhu-moosewala-399509 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=Tribune |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135551/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/cm-announces-to-set-up-judicial-commission-under-sitting-hc-judge-to-probe-killing-of-sidhu-moosewala-399509 |url-status=live }}</ref> Numerous celebrities offered their condolences on social media.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Sidhu Moosewala Death: Drake, Varun Dhawan, Vicky Kaushal And Others Express Grief |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/sidhu-moose-wala-death-many-celebrities-expressed-grief--news-199223 |access-date=1 June 2022 |magazine=Outlook |date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moose Wala death: Ajay Devgn, Kapil Sharma, Shehnaaz Gill, Esha Gupta mourn late singer's demise |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sidhu-moose-wala-death-shehnaaz-gill-esha-gupta-gippy-grewal-mourn-late-singer-s-demise-2956535 |access-date=1 June 2022 |work=DNA |date=30 May 2022}}</ref>

Police found bullets from an [[AN-94]] Russian assault rifle and a pistol at the spot of the killing. Police had detained six suspects of the incident from the state of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref name="NDTV 30 May Shot" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rohit |date=30 May 2022 |title=AN-94 Russian rifle used to kill Sidhu Moose Wala, know how it was brought in Punjab; License detail & more |url=https://www.truescoopnews.com/newsdetail/an94-russian-rifle-used-to-kill-sidhu-moose-wala-know-how-it-brought-in-punjab-license-detail-more |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=True Scoop News}}</ref> On 30 May, one of the murder suspects was detained by the Punjab Police while he was hiding among the pilgrims of [[Gurudwara Shri Hemkund Sahib]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sengar |first1=Mukesh Singh |last2=Achom |first2=Debanish |date=30 May 2022 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-wala-murder-case-suspect-arrested-in-uttarakhand-was-hiding-among-pilgrims-3022201 |title=Singer Sidhu Moose Wala Murder: Suspect, Hiding Among Pilgrims, Detained |work=NDTV |access-date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135542/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-wala-murder-case-suspect-arrested-in-uttarakhand-was-hiding-among-pilgrims-3022201 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 30 May, the [[Delhi]] unit of the INC staged a protest near AAP leader [[Arvind Kejriwal]]'s residence holding the [[Aam Aadmi Party, Punjab|AAP]]-ruled [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]] responsible for the incident, blaming their decision to curtail Moose Wala's security cover.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Poorva |title=Delhi Congress stages protest near CM's residence, holds AAP responsible for Sidhu Moose Wala's killing |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-killing-delhi-congress-protest-aam-aadmi-party-arvind-kejriwal-bhagwant-mann-2022-05-30-780463 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=India TV News |date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135544/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-killing-delhi-congress-protest-aam-aadmi-party-arvind-kejriwal-bhagwant-mann-2022-05-30-780463 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=PTI |date=30 May 2022 |title=Delhi Cong stages protest holds AAP responsible for Moosewala's killing |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2022/05/30/des4-dl-singer-cong-protest.html |access-date=30 May 2022 |magazine=The Week |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135548/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2022/05/30/des4-dl-singer-cong-protest.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

His autopsy was carried out by five doctors, and the event was videographed. According to post mortem reports, Moose Wala received 19 bullet injuries, and he died within 15 minutes of being shot due to the wounds.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ghazali |first=Mohammed |title=Sidhu Moose Wala Had 19 Bullet Marks, Death Within 15 Mins: Autopsy Report |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sidhu-moose-wala-had-19-bullet-marks-death-within-15-mins-autopsy-report-3033497 |access-date=2 June 2022 |work=NDTV |date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

Moose Wala was cremated in his ancestral village on 31 May. His last rites were performed on his farmland.<ref name="NDTV_31May2022">{{cite news |last1=Chakravarty |first1=Shonakshi |last2=Achom |first2=Debanish |title=Singer Sidhu Moose Wala's Father's Moving Gesture After Cremation |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/singer-sidhu-moose-walas-fathers-tragic-gesture-after-cremation-3025705 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=NDTV |date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=On The Last Ride, thousands bid adieu to Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/on-the-last-ride-thousands-bid-adieu-to-punjabi-singer-turned-politician-sidhu-moosewala-399871 |access-date=12 June 2022 |work=Tribune |date=31 May 2022}}</ref>

On 3 June, Bishnoi allegedly admitted to being involved in the murder and that he had a rivalry with Moose Wala.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Poulomi |date=3 June 2022 |title=Lawrence Bishnoi admits his gang had rivalry with Sidhu Moose Wala: Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lawrence-bishnoi-admits-his-gang-members-killed-sidhu-moose-wala-report-101654238887423.html |access-date=3 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 2022 |title=Gangster Lawrence Bishnoi accepts his role in Moosewala killing |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/yes-i-got-sidhu-moosewala-killed-gangster-lawrence-bishnoi-to-delhi-police-400644 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Tribune}}</ref> On 8 June, a ''[[bhog]]'' ceremony was arranged in Mansa.<ref>{{cite news |agency=ANI |title=Hundreds Gather During Sidhu Moose Wala's 'Bhog' Ceremony In Punjab |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hundreds-gather-during-singer-sidhu-moose-walas-bhog-ceremony-in-punjabs-mansa-3048163 |access-date=8 August 2022 |work=NDTV |date=8 June 2022}}</ref> On 3 July, Ankit Sirsa was arrested by Delhi police for being one of the shooters involved in the killing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala killing: Deadliest shooter Ankit Sirsa who fired with both hands among 2 held by Delhi police |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-killing-delhi-police-arrest-third-shooter-ankit-409398 |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=Tribune |date=5 July 2022}}</ref> On 20 July, gangsters Manpreet Mannu and Jagrup Rupa, suspected of involvement in Moose Wala's killing, were gunned down by the Punjab Police.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rana|first=Yudhveer|date=20 July 2022|title=Sidhu Moose Wala killer was shot dead by the Punjab Police|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/punjab-encounter-breaks-out-between-police-and-gangsters-in-amritsar-village/articleshow/93001570.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref> On 26 July, [[India TV]] reported that Punjab Police arrested the last absconding shooter, Deepak Mundi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Poorva |title=Sidhu Moose Wala killing: Deepak Mundi, sixth and last absconding shooter arrested in Amritsar |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sidhu-moose-wala-killing-last-shooter-arrested-amritsar-attari-border-deepak-mundi-punjab-police-latest-updates-2022-07-26-794989 |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=[[India TV]] |date=26 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> However, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reported that he was arrested on 11 September near the Bengal-Nepal border.<ref>{{citation |date=10 September 2022 |title=Sidhu Moosewala murder case: 6th shooter Deepak Mundi arrested from near Bengal-Nepal border |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/moosewala-murder-case-sixth-shooter-deepak-mundi-arrested-8142672/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Politics ===
Before the [[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency#2022 candidates|Sangrur Lok Sabha by-election in 2022]], the [[Indian National Congress|INC]] had used pictures of Moose Wala in its election song. The family of Moose Wala made a public appeal to political parties and individuals, asking them to not use his name for political or personal motives. The move was also criticised by the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="motives">{{cite news |title=Don't use Sidhu Moosewala's name for political or personal motives, appeals his family |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/dont-use-sidhu-moosewalas-name-for-political-or-personal-motives-appeals-his-family-403766 |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=Tribune |date=14 June 2022}}</ref>

== Legacy and remembrance ==
* On 3 June 2022, Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann announced the construction of a cancer hospital and sports stadium in remembrance of Moose Wala.<ref>{{Cite news |title=CM Bhagwant Mann promises cancer hospital and a sports stadium in singer Sidhu Moosewala's name |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/punjab/cm-bhagwant-mann-announce-that-cancer-hospital-and-stadium-will-be-made-on-name-of-sidhu-moose-wala-2137892/|access-date=9 June 2022 |work=Abp live|date=3 June 2022}}</ref>
* On 8 June 2022, the [[Brampton]], Canada city council passed a motion to commission a giant mural which would be painted by a local artist and to plant a tree in the singer's honour.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamal |first1=Neel |title=Canada's city to have a mural in memory of Sidhu Moose Wala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/canadas-city-to-have-mural-in-memory-of-moose-wala/articleshow/92117869.cms |access-date=17 June 2022 |publisher=Times of India |date=10 June 2022}}</ref> In June 2023, the mural was finished.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Heck |first1=Alexandra |date=1 June 2023 |title=WHAT'S GOING ON HERE? Mural honouring late Brampton rapper outside Susan Fennell Sportsplex |language=en |work=Brampton Guardian |url=https://www.bramptonguardian.com/news/what-s-going-on-here-mural-honouring-late-brampton-rapper-outside-susan-fennell-sportsplex/article_b5c19a35-b503-5fd9-bc46-aa9cfb750988.html |access-date=5 June 2023}}</ref>
* In June 2022, a turban-tying competition was organised by the Shri Guru Ram Dass welfare society in [[Amritsar]] in his memory, due to him being a turban-wearing Sikh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2022 |title=Turban-Tying Contest Held In Amritsar In Memory Of Singer Sidhu Moose Wala |work=[[NDTV]] |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/turban-tying-contest-held-in-amritsar-in-memory-of-singer-sidhu-moose-wala-3189775}}</ref>
* [[Punjabi language]] singer Prem Dhillon released a tribute song, "Ain't died in vain", dedicated to Moose Wala on 16 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nath |first=Ritika |date=12 June 2022 |title=As a tribute to Sidhu Moose Wala; Prem Dhillon, Snappy announced 'Ain't Died In Vain' |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/as-a-tribute-to-sidhu-moose-wala-prem-dhillon-snappy-announced-aint-died-in-vain |access-date=16 June 2022 |website=PTC Punjabi |language=en}}</ref> Posthumously, on his 29th birthday, Moose Wala received a tribute from his fans when the billboards of New York City's [[Times Square]] were used to play his songs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sukheja |first=Bhavya |date=13 June 2022 |title=Viral Video: Sidhu Moose Wala Receives Tribute At New York's Times Square |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/viral-video-sidhu-moose-wala-receives-tribute-at-new-yorks-times-square-3063168 |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
* [[Garry Sandhu]] released the tribute song "Jigar Da Tota", dedicated to Moose Wala.<ref>{{Citation|title=Jigar Da Tota|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=bjg7XA5uLVs|access-date=7 August 2022|work=Fresh Media Records| date=21 June 2022 }}</ref>
* On 5 June 2022, two murals in [[California, USA]] were made in tribute of Moose Wala. Rapper Bohemia also visited them and broke down in tears after an emotional tribute.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://abc7.com/sidhu-moosewala-moose-wala-artesia-socal/11936510/ | title=SoCal Indian community mourns rapper, politician Sidhu Moose Wala | date=8 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/bohemia-breaks-down-into-tears-while-paying-tribute-to-sidhu-moose-wala-in-california | title=Bohemia breaks down into tears while paying tribute to Sidhu Moose Wala in California | date=10 June 2022 }}</ref>
* On 17 June 2022, Canadian rapper [[Drake (musician)|Drake]] played two of Moose Wala's singles "295" & "G-Shit" from ''Moosetape'' in remembrance on his debut radio show ''Table for One'' on [[Sirius XM|Sound42]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=Drake Pays Tribute to Sidhu Moose Wala by Playing his Songs on Sound42 SiriusXM Radio |url=https://hiphop-n-more.com/2022/06/drake-pays-tribute-sidhu-moose-wala-playing-his-songs-on-sound42-siriusxm-radio/ |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=HipHop-N-More}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiaonenews.com/southern-california-pays-heartfelt-tribute-to-legendary-punjabi-singer-sidhu-moosewala/ | title=Southern California pays heartfelt tribute to Legendary Punjabi singer Sidhu MooseWala | date=9 June 2022 }}</ref> Drake later launched a t-shirt collection to honour Moose Wala, wearing one at a concert in Canada on 28 July.<ref>{{cite news |title=Drake launches a t-shirt collection to honour Sidhu Moose wala|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/drake-launches-sidhu-moosewala-t-shirt-singer-rapper-8074063/|work=The Indian Express|date=6 August 2022|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>
* On 25 July 2022, Punjabi Virsa, a [[Pakistan]]-based literary society, honoured Moose Wala with the [[Waris Shah]] International Award.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahal |first=Parteek Singh |date=23 July 2022 |title=Pak literary society to honor Moose Wala with Waris Shah International Award |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/pak-literary-society-to-honour-moose-wala-with-waris-shah-international-award-101658595387875.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref>
* In November 2022, Nigerian artist [[Burna Boy]] met with Moose Wala's parents for their blessings and offered his condolences. Burna and music producer [[Steel Banglez]] honoured them with a portrait of their son made from crystals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: Nigerian singer Burna Boy meets Sidhu Moosewala's parents in UK; presents this special gift to them |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/watch-nigerian-singer-burna-boy-meets-sidhu-moosewalas-parents-in-uk-presents-this-special-gift-to-them-453236 |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=The Tribune |date=21 November 2022}}</ref> Burna also paid tribute to Moose Wala previously, when he broke down on stage while giving a tribute to the late singer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sukheja |first1=Bhavya |title=Watch: Nigerian Rapper Burna Boy Breaks Down On Stage As He Pays Tribute To Sidhu Moose Wala |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/viral-video-nigerian-rapper-burna-boy-breaks-down-on-stage-as-he-pays-tribute-to-sidhu-moose-wala-3040068 |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=NDTV |date=5 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moose Wala: Nigerian singer Burna Boy breaks down as he pays the late rapper a touching tribute, watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/nigerian-singer-burna-boy-breaks-down-as-he-pays-sidhu-moose-wala-tribute-watch-7953475/ |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=5 June 2022}}</ref>
* Sunny Malton, who was formerly in the Punjabi group Brown Boys with Moose Wala, released a tribute song "Letter to Sidhu" in November 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chhabra |first1=Bhavya |title=Sunny Malton Pens A Heartfelt Note For Sidhu Moose Wala. Writes, 'I'm lost without you bro' |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/392015-Sunny-Malton-Pens-A-Heartfelt-Note-For-Sidhu-Moose-Wala-Writes-Im-lost-without-you-bro |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=5 Dariya News |date=1 November 2022}}</ref>
* In April 2023, the third posthumous release from Moose Wala, titled "Mera Na", was unveiled in advance of the one-year anniversary of his passing. The song, which features Burna Boy and Steel Banglez, was composed by the latter and quickly gained millions of plays.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala's new song 'Mera Na' creates stir, amasses over 7 million views within 8 hours of release on YouTube; singer's father reacts |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sidhu-moosewalas-new-song-mera-na-creates-stir-amasses-over-3-5-million-views-within-3-hours-of-release-on-youtube-495082 |work=The Tribune |date=7 April 2023 |access-date=29 September 2023}}</ref>
* In May 2023, award-winning British rapper [[Tion Wayne]] released the song "Healing" which paid tribute to the late Moose Wala. It features Moose Wala's father (Balkaur Singh Sidhu), his 5911 Tractor and his village of Moosa. Wayne had previously collaborated with Moose Wala on the song "Celebrity Killer" in 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Keith |first1=James |title=Tion Wayne Salutes Late Rapper Sidhu Moose Wala In New "Healing" Video |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/james-keith/tion-wayne-healing |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=Complex |date=5 May 2023}}</ref>

== Discography ==
{{Main|Sidhu Moose Wala discography}}

=== Studio albums ===
* ''[[PBX 1]]'' (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/181031-confidential-and-pbx1-reaches-top-spot-on|title='CON.FI.DEN.TIAL' and 'PBX1' reaches top spot on iTunes|website=www.radioandmusic.com|language=en|access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612162842/http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/181031-confidential-and-pbx1-reaches-top-spot-on|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Snitches Get Stitches]]'' (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sidhu Moosewala Releases Album 'Snitches Get Stitches'|url=http://britasia.tv/sidhu-moosewala-releases-album-snitches-get-stitches/|last=Grewal|first=Simran|date=13 May 2020|website=BritAsia TV|language=en-GB|access-date=18 May 2020|archive-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516101313/https://britasia.tv/sidhu-moosewala-releases-album-snitches-get-stitches/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Moosetape]]'' (2021)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sidhu Moosewala's much-awaited Moosetape's poster, inside details, release date out; Punjabi singer says 'tried to deliver my best'|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/pollywood/sidhu-moosewalas-much-awaited-moosetapes-poster-inside-details-release-date-out-punjabi-singer-says-tried-to-deliver-my-best-252815|date=14 May 2021|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=16 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616125020/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/pollywood/sidhu-moosewalas-much-awaited-moosetapes-poster-inside-details-release-date-out-punjabi-singer-says-tried-to-deliver-my-best-252815|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Extended play ===
* ''[[No Name (EP)|No Name]]'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kiddaan.com/sidhu-moosewala-released-his-first-ep-no-name-listen-all-songs-here/|title=Sidhu Moosewala Released His First EP No Name. Listen All Songs Here|date=25 April 2022|website=Kiddaan|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135604/https://kiddaan.com/sidhu-moosewala-released-his-first-ep-no-name-listen-all-songs-here/|url-status=live |last1=Team |first1=Kiddaan. com }}</ref>
* ''[[Moose Print]]'' (2025)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sidhu Moose Wala New EP 2025 Moose Print Release Date, Time, Songs Names List And Poster|url=https://thesportsgrail.com/sidhu-moose-wala-new-ep-2025-moose-print-release-date-time-songs-names-list-and-poster/|website=The SportsGrail|date=10 June 2025|access-date=15 June 2025|language=en|last=TheSportsGrail}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Sidhu Moose Wala videography}}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2019
|''Teri Meri Jodi''
|Jeona
|Guest appearance<ref>{{cite news |title=The makers of the Punjabi Movie 'Teri Meri Jodi' has finally released the title track of the film. The song has been sung by Prabh Gill and Raashi Sood. {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-music/the-title-track-of-teri-meri-jodi-sung-by-prabh-gill-and-raashi-sood-is-out-now/5d64c45d09da697670cc8c52 |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=spotboye.com |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514224313/https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-music/the-title-track-of-teri-meri-jodi-sung-by-prabh-gill-and-raashi-sood-is-out-now/5d64c45d09da697670cc8c52 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| ''[[Moosa Jatt]]'' || Moosa || Debut film<ref name=":0" /><ref name="kiddaan.com">{{Cite web|url=https://kiddaan.com/release-date-of-sidhu-moosewalas-upcoming-movie-moosa-jatt-changed/|title=Release Date of Sidhu Moosewala's Upcoming Movie Moosa Jatt Changed|date=18 June 2021|work=Kiddaan|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=4 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904053019/https://kiddaan.com/release-date-of-sidhu-moosewalas-upcoming-movie-moosa-jatt-changed/amp/|url-status=live |last1=Team |first1=Kiddaan. com }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Yes I Am Student]]'' || Jass Gill ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaur|first=Gurnaaz|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-and-mandy-takhar-say-their-film-yes-i-am-student-will-strike-a-chord-with-the-audience-328494|title=Sidhu Moosewala and Mandy Takhar say their film Yes I Am Student will strike a chord with the audience|date=23 October 2021|publisher=Tribune|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201163116/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sidhu-moosewala-and-mandy-takhar-say-their-film-yes-i-am-student-will-strike-a-chord-with-the-audience-328494|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 ||''Jattan Da Munda Gaun Lagya'' || ||Directed and written by [[Amberdeep Singh]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sidhu Moosewala to star in Amberdeep Singh's next venture 'Jattan Da Munda Gaun Lagya! |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sidhu-moosewala-to-star-in-amberdeep-singhs-next-venture-jattan-da-munda-gaun-lagya |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=PTC Punjabi |date=25 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825131826/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/sidhu-moosewala-to-star-in-amberdeep-singhs-next-venture-jattan-da-munda-gaun-lagya |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Jattan Da Munda Gaun Lagya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movie-details/jattan-da-munda-gaun-lagya/movieshow/85679310.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|colspan="4"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} not yet released
|}

== Tours ==
* Brown Boys Tour/PBX 1 Tour (2018–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sidhu Moose Wala|url=https://www.facebook.com/1674563846138005/photos/a.1675888552672201/2271071363153914/?type=3|access-date=15 July 2021|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530135621/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F1674563846138005%2Fphotos%2Fa.1675888552672201%2F2271071363153914%2F%3Ftype%3D3|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Solo New Zealand/Italy/India Live Shows (2019–2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=Diwali Mela with Sidhu Moosewala |url=https://www.eventfinda.co.nz/2019/diwali-mela-with-sidhu-moosewala/auckland/manukau-city |website=Eventfinda |date=26 October 2019 |access-date=29 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807101123/https://www.eventfinda.co.nz/2019/diwali-mela-with-sidhu-moosewala/auckland/manukau-city |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Back to Business World Tour]] with Sunny Malton (2022–2023)<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2021 |title=Sidhu Moosewala Announced MooseTape World Tour Around 7 Countries, Including Pakistan |url=https://kiddaan.com/sidhu-moosewala-announces-moosetape-world-tour-around-7-countries-including-pakistan/ |access-date=17 April 2022 |website=Kiddaan |language=en-US |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530184110/https://kiddaan.com/sidhu-moosewala-announces-moosetape-world-tour-around-7-countries-including-pakistan/ |url-status=live |last1=Team |first1=Kiddaan. com }}</ref>
* [https://www.bandsintown.com/z/1010966522-sidhu-moose-wala-at-rebel?came_from=251 Rebel] (24 August 2018)

== See also ==
* [[List of murdered hip hop musicians]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{allMusic}}
* {{discogs artist|Sidhu Moose Wala}}
* {{IMDb name|10216570}}

{{Sidhu Moose Wala}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moose Wala, Sidhu}}
[[Category:Sidhu Moose Wala| ]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:2022 murders in India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian politicians assassinated in the 21st century]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in India]]
[[Category:Punjabi rappers]]
[[Category:Desi musicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Indian hip-hop musicians]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian rappers]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:People from Mansa district, India]]
[[Category:People murdered in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in 2022]]
[[Category:21st-century rappers]]

Haridas (1944 film)

2026-03-06T03:42:20Z

Samyakk clothing: Made new entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Haridas
| image = Haridas 1944.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sundar Rao Nadkarni]]
| writer = Ilangovan
| starring = [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] [[T. R. Rajakumari]] [[N. C. Vasanthakokilam]]
| producer = Rayal Talkie Distributors
| distributor =
| music = [[Papanasam Sivan]] G. Ramanathan
| cinematography = Adi Irani T. Muthuswamy
| editing = [[Sundar Rao Nadkarni]]
| released = {{Film date|1944|10|16|df=yes}}
| runtime = 117 minutes
| gross =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Haridas''''' is a 1944 [[Tamil language]] film directed by [[Sundar Rao Nadkarni]] and starring [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]], [[T. R. Rajakumari]] and [[N. C. Vasanthakokilam]].

It holds the record of being the second longest-running Tamil film at a single theatre for 784 days. First being ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' running for a astounding 890 days.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} [[IBN Live]] included ''Haridas'' in its list of 100 greatest Indian films of all time.<ref name="ibnlive">{{Cite web |title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-88.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425235225/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-88.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 April 2013 |access-date=6 May 2013 |publisher=[[IBN Live]]}}</ref> The film was initially released in black and white with just one scene in colour, which was manually colored by studio technicians. The film was re-released with full colour in 1946.{{cn|date=May 2023}} It was the last film of M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar before his two year imprisonment due to the [[Lakshmikanthan murder case]].{{cn|date=May 2023}}

== Plot ==
Haridas (Thyagaraja Bhagavathar) is a vain individual who spends his life in luxury and lust, ignoring his parents for his wife (Vasanthakokilam), and ignoring his wife for a courtesan (T. R. Rajakumari). But when his wealth is appropriated by the courtesan, he realizes life's realities, reforms and spends the rest of his days serving his parents and God.

== Cast ==
Cast according to the song book:
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male
* [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] as Haridas
* P. B. Rangachari as Mahamunivar
* T. E. K. Achariar as Haridas's Father
* Annaji Rao as Lakshmi's Father
* S. R. Krishna Iyengar as Kannan
* [[N. S. Krishnan]] as Zamindar
* P. R. Rajagopala Iyer as Head Villager
* P. Ramaiah Sastri as Chettiar
* T. R. Ramasamy as Madhavi Das
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female
* [[N. C. Vasanthakokilam]] as Lakshmi, Haridas's Wife
* [[T. R. Rajakumari]] as Ramba (Dasi)
* M. A. Radha Bai as Harida's Mother
* [[T. A. Mathuram]] as Sarada, Ramba's Cook
* [[Harini (Kannada actress)|Baby Harini]] as Krishnan
* [[Pandari Bai]]
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
''Haridas'' was directed by Sundar Rao Nadkarni, a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] film director, and produced by Rayal Talkie Distributors, a Madurai based Textile Yarn and Dye merchants at [[Central Studios]] in Coimbatore.<ref name="kovaimetro.in">{{cite web | url=https://www.kovaimetro.in/index.php/2018/12/08/798/ | title=Haridas Created in Coimbatore Turned a Magnum Opus for MKT Bhagavathar | date=8 December 2018 }}</ref> The film was adapted from the book ''Sri Krishna Vijayam'' by Elangovan.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|pages=56}} It was based on the story of the life of a poet-saint called Haridas.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|pages=56}}<ref name="bhagavathar_bio1">{{Cite web |title=Filmography of M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar Page 1 |url=http://raja1630.tripod.com/mktb/id2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704184423/http://raja1630.tripod.com/mktb/id2.html |archive-date=4 July 2008 |access-date=2008-05-17 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The role of Haridas was played by M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, who was the highest-paid actor in the Tamil film industry at the time.<ref name="F">{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOZkAAAAMAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=British Film Institute |year=1994 |isbn=0-85170-455-7 |pages=57 }}</ref> It was very short (10,994 Feet{{Sfn|Anandan|2004|pages=28.35}}) compared to other films from the same period.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|pages=57}} Featuring a number of melodious songs sung by Bhagavathar, the film was released on [[Diwali]] (16 October) 1944.<ref name="randorguyblog">{{Cite web |last=Randor Guy |title=From Silents to Sivaji Ganesan – A Lookback |url=https://southasiacontactgroupachieve.blogspot.com/2008/01/southasiacontact-randor-guy-tamil.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523121823/http://southasiacontactgroupachieve.blogspot.com/2008/01/southasiacontact-randor-guy-tamil.html  |archive-date=2008-05-23 |access-date=2008-05-17}}</ref> Classical musician [[N. C. Vasanthakokilam]], who was often compared to [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]] as a singer, played the role of Haridas' wife.<ref name="randorguyblog" />{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|pages=57}} The film also marked the debut of renowned Tamil actress [[Pandari Bai]].{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|pages=57}}<ref name="pandaribai">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=14 February 2003 |title=Actress who glowed with inner beauty |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/07/28/stories/2006072802680100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523110401/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/07/28/stories/2006072802680100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 May 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2008-05-17}}</ref> The comedic duo of [[N. S. Krishnan]] and T. A. Mathuram were cast in this film.<ref name="A">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=11 July 2008 |title=Haridas 1944 |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/haridas-1944/article3023110.ece |url-status=live |access-date=14 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201114115554/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/haridas-1944/article3023110.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> The film was shot at [[Central Studios]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raghavan|first=Nikhil|date=2014-05-24|title=Coimbatore's celluloid connection|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/coimbatores-celluloid-connection/article6044541.ece|access-date=2020-11-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jeshi|first=K.|date=2014-03-20|title=Celluloid stories|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/celluloid-stories/article5810184.ece|access-date=2020-11-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="kovaimetro.in"/>

[[File:Haridass 1944 film 2.jpg|thumb|280px|right|upright| Upper: [[T. R. Rajakumari]] and [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] Lower: [[N. S. Krishnan]] and T. A. Mathuram]]

== Soundtrack ==
All songs in this film became hits. The song "[[Manmadha Leelayai Vendrar Undo]]", based on [[Charukesi]] raga,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=3 February 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey — The charm of Charukesi |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-the-charm-of-charukesi/article2857091.ece |access-date=8 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911094943/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-the-charm-of-charukesi/article2857091.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019}}</ref> celebrates erotic love and has become an enduring hit, with the phrase entering every day [[Tamil language|Tamil]] usage. Papanasam Sivan was the composer and G. Ramanathan was in charge of the orchestration. A partial list of songs from ''Haridas'':

Two songs, sung by [[N. C. Vasanthakokilam]] ('Enadhu Manam Thulli Vilaiyaaduthe' and 'Kannaa Vaa') were recorded by HMV distinct from the film version of these songs and were released with black label. (See External links for link)
{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| lyrics9 = Papanasam Sivan
| extra9 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra10 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra11 = N. C. Vasanthakokilam
| extra12 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| lyrics1 = [[Papanasam Sivan]]
| lyrics2 = Papanasam Sivan
| lyrics3 = Papanasam Sivan
| lyrics5 = Papanasam Sivan
| lyrics4 = Papanasam Sivan
| lyrics7 = Papanasam Sivan
| lyrics8 = Papanasam Sivan
| lyrics11 = Papanasam Sivan
| extra7 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| lyrics10 = Papanasam Sivan
| lyrics12 = Papanasam Sivan
| lyrics6 = Papanasam Sivan
| length12 = 2:43
| length11 = 3:20
| title11 = Enadhuyir Nadhar
| title12 = Ennudal Thanil
| title13 = Kanna Vaa Manivanna Vaa
| lyrics13 = Papanasam Sivan
| extra13 = [[N. C. Vasanthakokilam]]
| length13 = 2:59
| title14 = Enathu Manam Thulli
| lyrics14 = Papanasam Sivan
| extra14 = N. C. Vasanthakokilam
| length14 = 2:40
| extra8 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra6 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| title1 = [[Manmadha Leelayai Vendrar Undo]]
| length7 = 2:30
| length1 = 4:37
| title2 = Vaazhvil Oru Thirunaal
| length2 = 2:46
| title3 = Krishnaa Mukunda Muraree
| length3 = 3:21
| title4 = Annaiyum Thanthaiyum
| length4 = 3:17
| title5 = Nijamma Idhu Nijamma
| length5 = 2:15
| title6 = Kadhiravan Udhayam
| length6 = 2:45
| title7 = Ullam Kavarum En Paavai
| title8 = Natanam Innum Aadanam
| extra5 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| length8 = --
| title9 = Ennalum Indha
| length9 = --
| title10 = Thottadharkellam
| length10 = --
| total_length =
| all_lyrics = Papanasam Sivan
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
| extra2 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra3 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra4 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| title15 = Kaavalai Tharum
| extra15 = [[N. S. Krishnan]]. [[T. A. Mathuram]]
| lyrics15 = Papanasam Sivan
| length15 = 2:55
| title16 = Kathathaikku
| length16 = 1:50
| extra16 = Unknown
| lyrics16 = Papanasam Sivan
}}

== Reception ==
''Haridas'' hit the theatres on [[Diwali]] (16 October) 1944. It was a huge success and ran for three consecutive Diwalis at the Sun Theatres in Broadway, [[Madras]].{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|pages=57}}{{Sfn|Pillai|2015|pages=92}} Across theatres it had an uninterrupted theatrical run of 133 weeks.{{Sfn|Thoraval|2000|pages=38}} With the profits earned from the film, the producers established a knitting company in [[Madurai]].<ref name="bhagavathar_bio1" /> Bhagavathar became the Tamil cinema industry's highest paid star.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|pages=57}}<ref name="bhagavathar_bio1" /> However, he was not able to enjoy his success as he was arrested in November 1944 as a suspect in the [[Lakshmikanthan murder case]].{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|pages=57}}<ref name="A" /> [[IBN Live]] included the film in its list of 100 greatest Indian films of all time.<ref name="ibnlive" />

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb title|0245145|Haridas}}
* {{Cite web |title=Video of the 'Manmathan Leelayil Vendrar Undo' song from Haridas |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lt3MRCvAtao}} (In public domain in India)
* {{Cite web |title=Video of 'Krishna Mukunda Murare' song from Haridas |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LZGwwdGvAA}} (In public domain in India)
* {{Cite web |title=Video of 'Annaiyum Thanthaiyum Thaane' song from Haridas |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsJ-TDXJgIQ}} (In public domain in India)
* {{Cite web |title=Video of 'Ennudal Thanil' song from Haridas |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNS_KtnKew}} (In public domain in India)
* {{youTube|KESHeEnJW-k|Kannaa Vaa}} - Sung by N. C. Vasanthakokilam
* {{youTube|_5H96hirBs0|Enadhu Manam Thulli Vilaiyaduthe}} - Sung by N. C. Vasanthakokilum

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book |last=Anandan |first=Film News |title=Sadhanaigal padaitha Tamil Thiraipada Varalaaru |publisher=Sivagami Publications |year=2004 |location=Chennai |pages=28.35, 33:2 |language=Tamil |author-link=Film News Anandan}}
*{{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhFlAAAAMAAJ |title=The eye of the serpent: an introduction to Tamil cinema |publisher=East West Books |year=1996 |location=Chennai |pages=46 |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran}}
*{{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e07vBwAAQBAJ |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |author-link=G. Dhananjayan }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IP1tAAAAMAAJ |title=Limca book of records |publisher=Bisleri Beverages Ltd |year=1996}}
*{{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HreICwAAQBAJ |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-212-8 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Thoraval |first=Yves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OpkAAAAMAAJ |title=The cinemas of India |publisher=Macmillan |year=2000 |isbn=0-333-93410-5 |location=India |pages=38 }}

[[Category:1944 films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:1944 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1944 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:1940s biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Papanasam Sivan]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sundar Rao Nadkarni]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Afzal Guru

2026-03-04T20:41:55Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{Short description|Kashmiri Terrorist convicted in India}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name = Afzal Guru
| caption = Afzal Guru in 2013
| birth_name = Mohammed Afzal Guru
| image = Afzal_Guru.jpg
| image_size = 200
| birth_date = 30 June 1969
| birth_place = [[Sopore]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India
| death_date = 9 February 2013 (aged 43)
| death_place = [[Tihar Jail]], [[Delhi]], India
| death_cause = [[Capital punishment|Execution]] by [[hanging]]
| education = [[Jhelum Valley (Kashmir)|Jhelum valley]] medical college
| known_for = Role, conviction and execution in the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]]
| allegiance = [[Jaish-e-Mohammad]]
| motive = Islamist [[separatism]]
| apprehended = 21 December 2001
| charge = [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]]
| conviction = Murder Conspiracy Waging war against India Possession of explosives
| penalty = [[Capital punishment|Death]]
| conviction_status = [[Executed]]
| spouse = Tabasum<ref name=lastletter />
| parents =
| children =
}}

'''Mohammed Afzal Guru''' (30 June 1969 – 9 February 2013) was convicted for his role in the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]]. He received a death sentence for his involvement, which was upheld by the [[Indian Supreme Court]]. Following the rejection of a mercy petition by the [[President of India]], he was executed on 9 February 2013. His body was buried within the precincts of Delhi's [[Tihar Jail]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-12-03 |title=Afzal Guru: A chronology of events |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/afzal-guru-a-chronology-of-events/article4396402.ece |access-date=2023-03-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was a member of [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]].<ref name="Jaffrelot">{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA520 |title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-023518-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="THindu">{{Cite news |date=2013-02-09 |title=Afzal Guru: A chronology of events |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/afzal-guru-a-chronology-of-events/article4396402.ece |access-date=2023-03-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Early life==
Afzal was born in [[Doabgah]] village near [[Sopore]] town in the [[Baramulla district]] of the [[Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir|Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir]] in June 1969.<ref name=OneIndia_who>[https://www.oneindia.com/2013/02/09/who-is-afzal-guru-1146580.html Who is Afzal Guru – One India News]. Retrieved 9 February 2013</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">State v. Mohammad Afzal and Ors., Judgment of High Court of Delhi in Murder Reference No. 1/2003 and Crl. A. No. 43/2003 by J. Usha Mehra and J. Pradeep Nandrajog 9 October 29, 20030</ref> His father, Habibullah, ran a timber and transport business, and died when Afzal was a child. Afzal completed his schooling from Government School, Sopore and passed the matriculation exam in 1986. He subsequently enrolled in the [[Jhelum Valley (Kashmir)|Jhelum valley]] medical college. He had completed the first year of his [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS course]] and was preparing for competitive exams when he began to participate in other activities.<ref name=OneIndia_who /><ref name="DNA" />

==Training==
In Sopore, he ran a commission agency in fruits.<ref>{{cite news|title=Guru: A commission agent in fruits business|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/310989/guru-commission-agent-fruits-business.html|access-date=24 March 2016|work=Deccan Herald|date=9 February 2013}}</ref> In the summer of 1993–94, on the advice of his family, he surrendered to the [[Border Security Force]] and returned to Delhi where he worked till 1996.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref name="DNA">{{cite news|title=Afzal Guru hanged, buried in Tihar|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_afzal-guru-hanged-in-tihar-jail-at-8am_1797997|access-date=10 February 2013|newspaper=DNA|date=9 February 2013}}</ref> He took up a job with a pharmaceuticals firm and served as its area manager. Simultaneously, he worked as a commission agent for medical and surgical goods in the year 1996. During this period, he used to shuttle between [[Srinagar]] and [[Delhi]]. On a visit to Kashmir in 1998, he married a [[Baramulla]] native, Tabasum.<ref name="OneIndia_who" />

== The attack==
{{main|2001 Indian Parliament attack}}
The 13 December 2001 attack was conducted by the [[Jaish-e-Mohammad]] (JeM). Gunmen sneaked into the Parliament in a car with Home Ministry and Parliament labels. They drove into the then Vice President [[Krishna Kant]]'s car parked in the premises and began firing. The ministers and MPs escaped unhurt. The attack was foiled due to the immediate reaction of the security personnel present at the spot and complex. There was a fierce gun-battle lasting for nearly 30 minutes. Nine persons including eight security personnel and one gardener lost their lives in the attack and 16 persons including 13 security personnel, received injuries. The five assailants were killed.<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news|first=Mark |last=Magnier|title=India executes Afzul Guru for 2001 parliament attack |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2015-01-17 |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2013-feb-09-la-fg-wn-india-hanging-20130209-story.html}}</ref><ref name=DNA-Timeline />

At the end of December, then [[United States|US]] President [[George W. Bush]] made a telephone call to then [[Pakistan]] President [[Pervez Musharraf]] and then Indian Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] to defuse tension between the two countries and urge them to move away from escalating the Parliament attack into war.<ref name=story>{{cite news|last1=Keerthana|first1=R|title=The Afzal Guru story|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/the-afzal-guru-story/article4416525.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=11 September 2014|date=15 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Philip Delves |last1=Broughton |first2=Rahul |last2=Bedi |title=Bush urges India and Pakistan to avert war |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph (UK) |date=31 December 2001}}</ref><ref name=judgment-sc />

==The trial==
===Investigation and arrest===
On 15 December 2001, the special cell of [[Delhi Police]], with the help of leads relating to the car used and cellphone records, arrested Guru from Srinagar, his cousin Shaukat Husain Guru, Shaukat's wife Afsan Guru (Navjot Sandhu before marriage) and S.A.R Geelani, a lecturer of Arabic at [[Delhi University]] were also arrested by the police.<ref name=del-hc>{{cite news|title=Delhi High Court – State vs Mohd. Afzal And Ors|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1031426/|access-date=10 February 2013|newspaper=Indian Kanoon}}</ref><ref name=IE-legal>{{cite news|last1=Anand|first1=Utkarsh|title=The legal journey of Afzal Guru|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-legal-journey-of-afzal-guru/1072029/|access-date=11 September 2014|work=Indian Express|date=10 February 2013}}</ref>

On 13 December an FIR was lodged by the police and after subsequent arrests, all the accused were tried under charges of waging war, conspiracy, murder, attempt to murder etc. with the provisions of the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002]] (POTA) being added to the original charges after six days. On 29 December 2001, Guru was sent to 10-day police remand.<ref name=DNA-Timeline /> The court appointed Seema Gulati as his lawyer, who dropped Guru's case after 45 days because of her case load.<ref name=lawyer>{{cite news|first=Arundhati |last=Roy |title=Clemency-seekers weakened Afzal's defence |date=19 October 2006 |access-date=2013-05-29 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2214714.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In June 2002, charges were filed against all four of them.<ref name=DNA-Timeline>{{cite news|title=Afzal hanging: From arrest till the noose|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_afzal-hanging-from-arrest-till-the-noose_1798006|access-date=10 February 2013|newspaper=DNA|date=9 February 2013|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> 80 witnesses were examined for the prosecution and 10 witnesses were examined on behalf of the accused.<ref name=judgment-sc>{{cite web|title=State (N.C.T. Of Delhi) vs Navjot Sandhu@ Afsan Guru|url=http://www.judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=27092|publisher=Supreme Court of India|access-date=20 September 2014|date=4 August 2005|archive-date=20 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020205143/http://www.judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=27092|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Charges===
Guru was charged under several sections of POTA and the [[Indian Penal Code]] including waging of war against the Government of India and conspiracy to commit the same; murder and criminal conspiracy; conspiring and knowingly facilitating the commission of a terrorist act or acts preparatory to a terrorist act, and also voluntarily harbouring and concealing the now-deceased terrorists, knowing that such persons were terrorists and were members of the Jaish-e-Mohammad, and possession of {{INR}} 10 [[Lakh]]s given to him by the terrorists who were killed by the police when they attacked the Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 14, 2020 |last=Choudhury |first=Sunetra |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/davinder-link-wouldn-t-have-affected-verdict-says-judge-in-afzal-guru-trial/story-n6Phh1eT6Cfa838FY6m7VO.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114012716/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/davinder-link-wouldn-t-have-affected-verdict-says-judge-in-afzal-guru-trial/story-n6Phh1eT6Cfa838FY6m7VO.html |archive-date=January 14, 2020 |title=Davinder link wouldn't have affected verdict, says judge in Afzal Guru trial |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en-IN }}</ref> Police filed a charge-sheet in the case on 15 May 2002. The trial started after charges were laid against the four accused on 4 June 2002.<ref name=indlaw-review />

===Confession===
After his arrest, Guru made a confessional statement which bore his signature, recorded by the DCP, special cell. It was recorded in the preamble of the confession that DCP had asked policemen present there to leave the room.<ref name=judgment-sc /><ref name=Outlook4of7>{{cite news|title=The Case of Mohd. Afzal|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/articlefullwidth.aspx?228136|access-date=10 February 2013|newspaper=Outlook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116101903/http://www.outlookindia.com/articlefullwidth.aspx?228136|archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The Supreme Court was angered by the act of police officials, who, in their over-zealousness, had arranged for a media interview.<ref name=Outlook4of7 /> However, after seven months, Guru disowned this confession and the Supreme Court did not accept the earlier confession as evidence against him.<ref name=Outlook4of7 />

Sushil Kumar, Guru's advocate later claimed that Guru had written a letter to him where Guru said that he had made the confessions under duress as his family was being threatened.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?225472 |title = I Hope My Forced Silence Will Be Heard |work= [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date= 15 February 2012}}</ref> Journalist [[Vinod Jose|Vinod K. Jose]] claimed that in an interview in 2006, Guru had said that he had been subjected to extreme torture which included electric shocks in private parts and being beaten up for hours along with threats regarding his family after his arrest.<ref name=vinod_interview>{{cite web|last=Jose|first=Vinod K|title=Mulakat Afzal|url=http://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/mulakat-afzal|publisher=Caravan Magazine|access-date=3 May 2013}}</ref> Between the time of his arrest and the time when initial charges were filed, Guru was told that his brother was held in detention.<ref name=vinod_interview /> At the time of his confession, he had no legal representation.<ref name=lawyer /><ref name=vinod_interview />

===Conviction===
On 22 December 2001, the case was brought before a special POTA Court under sessions judge S N Dhingra and the trial started on 8 July 2002, and was conducted on a day-to-day basis. Eighty witnesses were examined for the prosecution and ten were examined for defence. Trial was concluded in nearly six months.<ref name=judgment-sc /> One year later, on 18 December 2002, the special court awarded capital punishment to Guru, Shaukat and Geelani. Shaukat's wife Afsan was found guilty of concealing the plot and sentenced to five years in jail. The POTA court justified capital punishment, saying the attack on Parliament was the handiwork of forces which wanted to "destroy the country and cripple it by killing or capturing its entire political executive, including the Prime Minister and the Home Minister.. captivate entire legislature and the Vice-President, who were in Parliament." He was also sentenced to life imprisonment on as many as eight counts under the provisions of IPC, POTA and Explosive Substances Act in addition to varying amounts of fine.<ref name=DNA-Timeline /><ref name=judgment-sc /><ref name=IE-legal /> In August 2003, [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] leader Ghazi Baba, who was a prime accused in the attack was killed in an encounter with the Border Security Force (BSF) in Srinagar. In October 2003, on an appeal, Delhi High Court upheld the order.<ref name=Gazibaba>{{cite news|last1=Sinha|first1=Ashish|title=How intelligence got it right on Ghazi Baba|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/How-intelligence-got-it-right-on-Ghazi-Baba/articleshow/2321304.cms|access-date=20 September 2014|work=Times of India|agency=TNN|date=30 August 2007}}</ref>

===Delhi High Court===
An appeal was made to the Delhi High Court, but after going through the case and taking into consideration various authorities and precedents, the Court found that the conviction of Guru was correct and hence his appeal was dismissed. Guru was represented by [[senior counsel]] [[Shanti Bhushan]] and [[Colin Gonsalves]].{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} The co-accused in the case, SAR Geelani and Afsan Guru (wife of Shaukat Husain), were acquitted by the High Court 29 October 2003.<ref name=DNA-Timeline /><ref>{{cite news|author =PTI news agency |title=Indian Supreme Court stays execution of parliament attack convict |work=BBC Monitoring International Reports |publisher=Asia Africa Intelligence Wire |date=20 February 2004 |access-date=2013-05-29 |type=Subscription |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-20416769_ITM}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-2001-parliament-attack-619622.html |title=All you need to know about the 2001 Parliament attack |date=9 February 2013 |publisher=Firstpost |access-date=2014-07-21}}</ref><ref name=Guardian2006>{{cite news|first=Arundhati |last=Roy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/dec/15/india.kashmir |title=India's shame |publisher=Guardian (UK) |date=15 December 2006 |access-date=2013-05-26 |location=London}}</ref>

===Supreme Court of India===
On 4 August 2005, the Supreme Court, upheld the death sentence for Afzal Guru while it commuted Shaukat Hussain Guru's sentence from death to 10 years imprisonment.<ref name=DNA-Timeline /><ref name="Outlook-Case-6/7" /> Of the three sentenced to death, SAR Geelani (who was presented as the mastermind behind the attack), Shaukat Hussain Guru and Afzal Guru, only Afzal Guru's penalty was upheld by the Supreme Court.<ref name=del-hc /><ref name=Guardian2006 /> Guru filed a review petition before the Supreme Court seeking review of its judgement. However, on 22 September 2005, the review petition too came to be dismissed by the Supreme Court.<ref name=indlaw-review>{{cite news|title=SC Refuses To Review Judgement in Parliament Attack Case|url=https://scjudgments.com/guest/DisplayNews.aspx?C82385FC-0824-4422-B55E-F97FB93148B8|access-date=20 September 2014|work=Indlaw|date=22 September 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140920233756/https://scjudgments.com/guest/DisplayNews.aspx?C82385FC-0824-4422-B55E-F97FB93148B8|archive-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>

In its judgement, the Supreme Court observed:
{{Quote box
|quote = "As criminal acts took place pursuant to the conspiracy, the appellant, as a party to the conspiracy, shall be deemed to have abetted the offence. In fact, he took active part in a series of steps taken to pursue the objective of conspiracy."
|source =Supreme Court of India, Judgement on Appeal by Guru on 5 August 2005.<ref name=Outlook4of7 /><ref name="Outlook-Case-6/7" /> |width = 50%
|align = center
}}

The Supreme Court observed that mostly, the conspiracies are proved by the circumstantial evidence.<ref name=ibn_judgment>{{cite web|title=Full text: Supreme Court judgement on Parliament attack convict Afzal Guru|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/full-text-supreme-court-judgement-on-parliament-attack-convict-afzal-guru/371782-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212024108/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/full-text-supreme-court-judgement-on-parliament-attack-convict-afzal-guru/371782-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 February 2013|publisher=Supreme Court of India|access-date=3 May 2013}}</ref> It held that the circumstances detailed in the judgment clearly established that Guru was associated with the deceased militants in almost every act done by them in order to achieve the objective of attacking the Parliament House. It also observed that there was sufficient and satisfactory circumstantial evidence to establish that Guru was a partner in this conspired crime of enormous gravity. In its judgement of 5 August 2005, the supreme court admitted that the evidence against Guru was only circumstantial, and that there was no evidence that he belonged to any terrorist group or organisation. He was subsequently meted out three life sentences and a double death sentence.<ref name=judgment-sc />

In October 2006, Guru's wife, Tabasum, filed a mercy petition with then President of India [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]. In June 2007, Supreme Court dismissed Guru's plea seeking review of his death sentence, saying "there is no merit" in it. In December 2010, Shaukat Hussain Guru was released from Delhi's Tihar Jail due to his good conduct.<ref name=DNA-Timeline />

== Clemency pleas ==
There was an appeal to issue [[clemency]] to Guru from various human rights groups including political groups in Kashmir,<ref>{{cite news|first=Mehboob |last=Khan |title=Kashmir uproar over Afzal Guru clemency plea |work=BBC News |date=29 September 2011 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-15110537}}</ref> who believe that Guru did not receive a fair trial and was framed by corrupt police and the victim of inefficient police work.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Afzal Must not Hang|url=http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv17n2/afsal.htm|work=Democracy Org|access-date=9 September 2011}}</ref> Human rights activists in various parts of India and the world have demanded reprieve as they believe that the trial was flawed. [[Arundhati Roy]] and [[Praful Bidwai]] castigated the trial and argued that Guru has been denied natural justice.<ref name=Roy>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/india/story/0,,1972788,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=India's shame | date=15 December 2006 | access-date=13 May 2010 | first=Arundhati | last=Roy}}</ref> Accusations of human rights violations have been made by many.<ref name=Amnesty>[https://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/india-new-execution-points-worrying-and-regressive-trend-2013-02-09 INDIA: NEW EXECUTION POINTS TO WORRYING AND REGRESSIVE TREND], Amnesty International, 9 February 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Afzal-Gurus-secret-hanging-a-human-rights-violation-Prosecutor/articleshow/18474808.cms|title = Afzal Guru's secret hanging a human rights violation: Prosecutor | India News - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=13 February 2013 }}</ref>

Former Jammu and Kashmir [[Chief Minister]] [[Mufti Mohammed Sayeed]] and local political groups voiced their support of clemency for Guru. It was alleged many have done so to appease Muslim voters in India.<ref name="IT">(30 October 2006). No Mercy. ''India Today'', [5(43)], [14–15].</ref>

[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] was critical of both the Congress as well as of the BJP, and claimed it was delaying the legal procedure in the case accusing it of trying to whip up enmity between communities in the name of a crime done by a group of criminals. The party wants the law of the land to take its course without any interference.<ref>[http://pd.cpim.org/2006/1217/12172006_edit.htm ''Playing With National Security''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330072258/http://pd.cpim.org/2006/1217/12172006_edit.htm |date=30 March 2012 }} [[People's Democracy (journal)|People's Democracy]]</ref>

[[Ram Jethmalani]] held that it is completely within the president's power to commute the death sentence and is not a mercy plea. He said, "It’s a misnomer to call it a mercy petition. It leads to total misunderstanding of the constitutional power. The constitutional power is that the president has the power to disagree with the Supreme Court both with its findings of fact and law."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main21.asp?filename=Ne102806Afzal_was_CS.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201043308/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main21.asp?filename=Ne102806Afzal_was_CS.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 December 2006 |title=The People's Paper |work=Tehelka |date=28 October 2006 |access-date=2013-02-09 }}</ref>
The case became political and it was not carried out because of fear of revenge attacks.
The [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]] president and MP, Mehbooba Mufti commented that the centre should pardon Afzal if Pakistan accepted the clemency appeal for [[Sarabjit Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/08/31/stories/2005083112671600.htm |title=Pardon Afzal: Mehbooba |work=The Hindu |date=31 August 2005 |access-date=2013-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219002054/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/08/31/stories/2005083112671600.htm |archive-date=19 December 2007 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>

However, the [[All-India Anti-Terrorist Front]] Chairman [[Maninderjeet Singh Bitta]] urged the President of India not to accept any clemency pleas on Afzal's behalf. He warned that his organisation would launch agitations if Afzal was pardoned. He also criticised statements of various political leaders and blamed them for "encouraging activities of terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/366888.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Bitta urges President not to pardon Afzal | date=8 November 2006}}</ref>

An ''[[India Today]]'' poll in October 2006 showed that 78% of Indians supported the death penalty for Afzal.<ref name="IT" />

On 12 November 2006, the former Deputy Prime Minister of India, [[Lal Krishna Advani]] criticised the delay in carrying out the death sentence on Guru for the Parliament terror attack, saying, "I fail to understand the delay. They have increased my security. But what needs to be done immediately is to carry out the court's orders".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-11-12 |title=Advani against delay in Afzal's execution |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/advani-against-delay-in-afzals-execution/articleshow/418719.cms |access-date=2026-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) severely criticised Arundhati Roy. BJP spokesperson [[Prakash Javadekar]] said:<blockquote>"Those who are supporting Afzal by demanding that he should not be hanged are not only acting against public sentiment in the country but are giving a fillip to terrorist morale"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1830995,0008.htm|title=BJP flays Arundhati Roy for 'defending' Afzal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123205046/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1830995%2C0008.htm|archive-date=23 November 2006|url-status=dead|work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref></blockquote>

On 23 June 2010, the Ministry of Home Affairs recommended the president's office to reject the mercy petition. On 7 January 2011, a whistle-blowing site indianleaks.in leaked a document which stated that the mercy petition file was not with President of India. This was rubbished by Kapil Sibal in an interview with NDTV.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://indianleaks.in/leaks/afzal-guru-mercy-petition-file-in-not-with-president-of-india/ | work=Indian Leaks | title=Afzal Guru Mercy petition file is not with President of India! | date=7 January 2010 | access-date=10 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113080414/http://indianleaks.in/leaks/afzal-guru-mercy-petition-file-in-not-with-president-of-india/ | archive-date=13 January 2011 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
This was confirmed by Home Minister [[P. Chidambaram]] in New Delhi on 23 February 2011. With the death penalty handed to [[Ajmal Kasab]], the speculation was that Guru was next in line.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/140350/afzal-gurus-mercy-petition-not.html|work=Deccan Herald | title=Afzal Guru's mercy petition not yet sent to president: Chidambaram. | date=23 February 2011}}</ref>

On 10 August 2011, the home ministry of India rejected the mercy petition, and sent a letter to the President of India recommending the death penalty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/home-ministry-rejects-afzal-gurus-mercy-plea/174655-3.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717000550/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/home-ministry-rejects-afzal-gurus-mercy-plea/174655-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 July 2012|work=CNN-IBN | title=Home Ministry rejects Afzal Guru's mercy petition. | date=10 August 2011}}</ref>

On 7 September 2011, a high intensity bomb blast outside Delhi high court killed 11 people and left 76 others injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/11-dead-76-injured-in-terror-strike/Article1-742586.aspx |title=11 dead, 76 injured in terror strike |date=7 September 2011 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=22 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104145704/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/11-dead-76-injured-in-terror-strike/Article1-742586.aspx |archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref>

In an e-mail sent to a media house [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami]], an Islamic fundamentalist organisation, owned responsibility for the attack and claimed the blast was carried out in retaliation for Guru's death sentence:<blockquote>''"We own the responsibility for today's blasts at Delhi high court. Our demand is that Mohammed Afzal Guru's death sentence should be repealed immediately else we would target major high courts and the Supreme Court of India."''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/india/30122504_1_huji-harkat-ul-jihad-delhi-high-court |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106104413/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/india/30122504_1_huji-harkat-ul-jihad-delhi-high-court |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 November 2012 |title=HuJI claims responsibility for Delhi high court blast |date=7 September 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref></blockquote>

Later, however, in a letter{{which|date=May 2013|news = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/don-t-link-me-with-blast-afzal-guru/844786/}} Guru declared the attack on Delhi High Court that killed 11 Indians against the principles of Islam and refuted all allegations with the attack.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 February 2013|url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/don-t-link-me-with-blast-afzal-guru/844786 |title=Don't link me with blast: Afzal Guru|work=The Indian Express|access-date=July 11, 2020}}</ref>

==Execution==
On 16 November 2012, [[Pranab Mukherjee]], then [[President of India]] had sent seven cases back to the [[Ministry of Home Affairs]] (MHA), including Afzal Guru's. The president requested [[Sushil Kumar Shinde]], home minister, review the opinion of his predecessor, [[P. Chidambaram]]. On 10 December, Shinde indicated he would look at the file after the winter session of the Parliament was finished on 20 December.<ref name=DNA-Timeline /><ref>{{cite news|first=Aman |last=Sharma |title=Sushil Kumar Shinde to look into Parliament attack accused Afzal Guru's file after winter session |date=11 December 2012 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sushil-kumar-shinde-to-look-into-parliament-attack-accused-afzal-gurus-file-after-winter-session/articleshow/17565779.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shinde to look Afzal Guru's mercy plea after Winter Session |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=10 December 2012 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Shinde-to-look-Afzal-Guru-s-mercy-plea-after-Winter-Session/Article1-970928.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212065856/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Shinde-to-look-Afzal-Guru-s-mercy-plea-after-Winter-Session/Article1-970928.aspx |archive-date=12 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Decision on Afzal Guru's mercy petition in fortnight? |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=13 December 2012 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Decision-on-Afzal-Guru-s-mercy-petition-in-fortnight/Article1-972054.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115123807/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Decision-on-Afzal-Guru-s-mercy-petition-in-fortnight/Article1-972054.aspx |archive-date=15 January 2013}}</ref> Shinde made his final recommendation to execute Guru on 23 January 2013.<ref name="NDTV_rejected_2006">{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/afzal-guru-s-mercy-petition-rejected-execution-soon-sources-328499?pfrom=home-lateststories |title=Afzal Guru, Parliament attack convict, hanged in Delhi's Tihar Jail |publisher=NDTV.com |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=2013-02-09}}</ref> On 3 February 2013, Guru's mercy petition was rejected by the President of India.<ref name=DNA-Timeline /><ref name="NDTV_rejected_2006"/>

Afzal Guru was hanged six days later on 9 February 2013 at 8 am.<ref name=tdnpost>{{cite web| url=http://tdnpost.com/news/parliament-attack-plotter-afzal-guru-hanged-203936.html| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411224140/http://tdnpost.com/news/parliament-attack-plotter-afzal-guru-hanged-203936.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=11 April 2013| date=9 February 2013| title=Parliament attack convict Afzal Guru has been hanged| publisher=TDNPost}}</ref> Jail officials have said that when Guru was told about his execution, he was calm. He expressed his wish to write to his wife. The jail superintendent gave him a pen and paper. He wrote the letter in Urdu, which was posted to his family in Kashmir the same day. Very few officers were told about the decision. Three doctors and a [[maulvi]], who performed his [[Islamic funeral|last rites]], were informed secretly a night before. They were asked to come early Saturday morning. Guru performed his morning prayers and read a few pages of the [[Quran]]. Guru's letter was delivered to his family on 12 February 2013.<ref name=ibn7-1>{{cite news|title=In last letter to wife, Afzal Guru named hanging code Operation Three Star|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/in-last-letter-to-wife-afzal-guru-named-hanging-code-operation-three-star/372254-3-244.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212204115/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/in-last-letter-to-wife-afzal-guru-named-hanging-code-operation-three-star/372254-3-244.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 February 2013|access-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=IBN 7|date=12 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Afzal Guru's last letter delivered to family|url=http://www.newswala.com/India-National-News/Afzal-Gurus-last-letter-delivered-to-family-29833.html|access-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=NewsWala|date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227031516/http://www.newswala.com/India-National-News/Afzal-Gurus-last-letter-delivered-to-family-29833.html|archive-date=27 February 2013}}</ref> [[Kobad Ghandy|Kobad Ghandhy]], who spent three years with Afzal in Tihar, wrote that Afzal asked jail authorities to treat the jail staff well and that the staff wept for Afzal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-10|title=Afzal had deep dislike for Pakistan, ISI: Khobad Gandhy in letter to journalist|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/the-truth-about-afzal/story-mwuY2GXYJMqMfKanRjNSQI.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128091701/https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/the-truth-about-afzal/story-mwuY2GXYJMqMfKanRjNSQI.html|archive-date=2020-11-28|access-date=2021-03-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thapar|first=Karan|date=2021-03-14|title=Kobad Ghandy on Tihar: 'Jailers Wept for Afzal; Nirbhaya Rapist Vinay Sharma Was a Vile Sort'|url=https://thewire.in/rights/watch-kobad-ghandy-tihar-jail|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210325013151/https://thewire.in/rights/watch-kobad-ghandy-tihar-jail|archive-date=2021-03-25|access-date=2021-03-25|website=The Wire}}</ref> The execution of Mohammed Afzal Guru was named Operation Three Star.

Guru's family was informed of his execution two days after by a letter sent through [[Speedpost]], a fast courier service, to their home in Sopore.<ref name=TheHinduOnExecution>{{cite news|first1=Sandeep |last1=Joshi |first2=Ashok |last2=Kumar|title=Afzal Guru hanged in secrecy, buried in Tihar Jail |newspaper=The Hindu Times |date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/afzal-guru-hanged-in-secrecy-buried-in-tihar-jail/article4396289.ece |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Postal officials in Srinagar said they received the letter Saturday evening (9 February), but it could not be delivered until Monday (11 February) because Sunday was a public holiday.<ref>{{cite news|author=IANS |title=Two days after hanging, speed post reaches Afzal Guru's family |newspaper=Times of India |date=11 February 2013 |access-date=2014-09-21 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Two-days-after-hanging-speed-post-reaches-Afzal-Gurus-family/articleshow/18444932.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211141828/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Two-days-after-hanging-speed-post-reaches-Afzal-Gurus-family/articleshow/18444932.cms |archive-date=11 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Aftermath of execution==
The secret operation surrounding Guru's execution was codenamed '''Operation Three Star'''.<ref name=lastletter>{{cite news|first=Tarique |last=Anwar |title=Afzal Guru in last letter to family: 'Take care of my wife and son' |newspaper=Daily Bhaskar |date=16 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-28 |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-afzal-guru-in-last-letter-to-family-take-care-of-my-wife-and-son-4181457-NOR.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311045415/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-afzal-guru-in-last-letter-to-family-take-care-of-my-wife-and-son-4181457-NOR.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 March 2013}}</ref> The prison took steps to execute Guru in secrecy.<ref name=TheHinduOnExecution /> The execution was carried out without the family's knowledge and without any form of public announcement.<ref name=indcurfew /><ref name=ibngeelani /><ref name=aninews_gimmick /> Guru's body was buried on prison grounds to prevent a public funeral.<ref name=TheHinduOnExecution />

On a national level, security was prepared beforehand for public protests.<ref name=TheHinduOnExecution /> After Guru' s execution, a curfew was then imposed by the authorities when the news became public in Kashmir to prevent any kind of protests in support of Guru.<ref name=curfew>{{cite news|first=M Saleem |last=Pandit |title=Afzal Guru hanged: Curfew imposed in Kashmir valley, NH closed to avert trouble |newspaper=Times of India |date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Afzal-Guru-hanged-Curfew-imposed-in-Kashmir-valley-NH-closed-to-avert-trouble/articleshow/18413123.cms}}</ref> State-run media [[Doordarshan]] announced the execution on the morning of 9 February, and Omar Abdullah, chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir state, made a special appeal on television for public calm.<ref name=tdnpost /><ref name=YN_protests_erupt>{{cite news|first=Matthias |last=Williams |title=Protests erupt as Afzal Guru executed for 2001 parliament attack |publisher=Reuters |date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-execution-afzal-guru-parliament-at-idINDEE91801C20130209|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221063119/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-execution-afzal-guru-parliament-at-idINDEE91801C20130209|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kashmirnewz.com/p0119.html |title=Kashmir Newz Picture / 290906 |publisher=Kashmirnewz.com |date=2006-09-29 |access-date=2014-07-21}}</ref> Authorities also shut down cable TV and internet services to try to stop further news of the hanging and activists from organizing and spreading unrest.<ref name="toi-protest" />

Mosques throughout the region were used for public announcements and curfew information.<ref name=LATimes /> SAR Geelani, who was co-accused in the attacks on the Indian parliament and later acquitted by the Supreme Court,<ref name="Outlook-Case-6/7">{{cite news|title=The Case of SAR Gilani|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/articlefullwidth.aspx?228138|access-date=10 February 2013|newspaper=Outlook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212052033/http://www.outlookindia.com/articlefullwidth.aspx?228138|archive-date=12 February 2013}}</ref> was taken into preventive custody by the Delhi Police.<ref name=ibngeelani>{{cite news|title=Afzal Guru hanging: SAR Geelani taken into preventive custody by Delhi Police |publisher=IBNLive |date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-27|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/afzal-guru-hanging-sar-geelani-taken-into-preventive-custody-by-delhi-police/371854-3-244.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219204602/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/afzal-guru-hanging-sar-geelani-taken-into-preventive-custody-by-delhi-police/371854-3-244.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 December 2013}}</ref> Several leaders from the separatist movement were also detained.<ref name=indcurfew>{{cite news|first=Andrew |last=Buncombe |title=Curfew imposed after India hangs Kashmiri man for 2001 attack on Parliament |newspaper=The Independent (UK) |date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/curfew-imposed-after-india-hangs-kashmiri-man-for-2001-attack-on-parliament-8488154.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227015050/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/curfew-imposed-after-india-hangs-kashmiri-man-for-2001-attack-on-parliament-8488154.html |archive-date=2013-02-27 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |location=London}}</ref> However, protests flared up in parts of the Valley—Guru's hometown of Sopore, Baramulla in North Kashmir and Pulwama in South Kashmir—and groups of young men broke curfew and threw stones at security forces.<ref name=toi-protest>{{cite news|first=M Saleem |last=Pandit |title=Curfew imposed across Kashmir to prevent protests |newspaper=The Times of India |date=10 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Curfew-imposed-across-Kashmir-to-prevent-protests/articleshow/18424311.cms}}</ref><ref name=countercurfew>{{cite web |last=Ahmad |first=Marouf |url=http://www.kashmirreader.com/02122013-ND-anti-india-protests-held-despite-strict-curfew-11459.aspx |title=Anti-India protests held despite strict curfew |publisher=Kashmirreader.com |date=2013-02-10 |access-date=2013-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629145444/http://www.kashmirreader.com/02122013-ND-anti-india-protests-held-despite-strict-curfew-11459.aspx |archive-date=29 June 2013}}</ref> Police fired at protesters, and 36 people were injured, including 23 policemen, said a police spokesperson, particularly around Guru's home district where most of the violence was concentrated.<ref name=indcurfew /><ref name=YN_protests_erupt /><ref name=countercurfew />

There were scuffles in Delhi where [[Bajrang Dal]] and [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] (VHP) members were celebrating the hanging of Afzal Guru. Soon [[Muslim]] students from [[Delhi University]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] accompanied by members of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]] (CPI(ML)), the [[People's Union for Democratic Rights]] (PUDR) and the [[Confederation of Human Rights Organizations|National Confederation of Human Rights Organizations]] (NCHRO), who were condemning [[capital punishment]], started a counter-protest in support of Afzal Guru. Tensions escalated as the rival protests took on a communal hue when both groups raised religious slogans and scuffled with each other as police struggled to keep them separated. Protesters holding protests on different issues too joined the foray against the Muslim students. The situation was brought under control by policemen in riot gear who bundled the students into waiting buses and drove them away. Delhi police [[baton charge|lathi charged]] protestors at Jantar Mantar. The police detained at least 21 muslim students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/protests-against-afzal-guru-s-hanging-at-jantar-mantar-21-detained/1071899/ |title=Protests against Afzal Guru's hanging at Jantar Mantar, 21 detained |work=Indian Express|date=2013-02-09 |access-date=2014-07-21}}</ref>

===Involved parties===
In an interview in 2006 with Jose, Guru said, "If you want to hang me, go ahead with it, but remember it will be a black spot on the judicial and political system of India."<ref name=vinod_interview />

In the letter written before his death, Guru wrote, "I am about to be hanged. Now, near the gallows, I want to tell you (family members) that I was not given enough time to write a detailed letter. I am thankful that Allah (God) chose me for this sacrifice. And please, take care of Tabasum and Galib."<ref name=lastletter />

SAR Geelani condemned Afzal Guru's hanging was a "cruel and politically motivated gimmick" and a " politically motivated decision."<ref name=aninews_gimmick>{{cite news |title=Afzal's hanging politically motivated gimmick: SAR Geelani |publisher=ANI News |date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-27 |url=http://www.aninews.in//newsdetail2/story98413/afzal-hanging-039-politically-motivated-gimmick-039-s-a-r-geelani.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611042013/http://www.aninews.in//newsdetail2/story98413/afzal-hanging-039-politically-motivated-gimmick-039-s-a-r-geelani.html |archive-date=11 June 2015}}</ref>

Justice SN Dhinga, the Judge who sentenced Guru and co-accused Shaukat Guru and SAR Geelani to death in 2002, termed the execution a political move stating that the judiciary took just three years to decide the matter while the executive took eight years to implement the same.<ref name=ht-judge>{{cite news|last=Nair|first=Harish V|title=Afzal Guru's hanging a political move: judge who sentenced him|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Chunk-HT-UI-IndiaSectionPage-AfzalGuruExecution/Afzal-Guru-s-hanging-a-political-move-judge-who-sentenced-him/Article1-1009380.aspx|access-date=10 February 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=9 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210185134/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Chunk-HT-UI-IndiaSectionPage-AfzalGuruExecution/Afzal-Guru-s-hanging-a-political-move-judge-who-sentenced-him/Article1-1009380.aspx|archive-date=10 February 2013}}</ref>

===International Human Rights Groups===
[[Amnesty International]] condemned the execution saying that it 'indicates a disturbing and regressive trend towards executions shrouded in secrecy'. Shashikumar Velath, Programmes Director at Amnesty International India said "We condemn the execution in the strongest possible terms. This very regrettably puts India in opposition to the global trend towards moving away from the death penalty".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/india-new-execution-points-worrying-and-regressive-trend-2013-02-09 |title=Amnesty International | India: New execution points to worrying and regressive trend |publisher=Amnesty.org |date=2013-02-09 |access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref>

===Pakistan===
In April 2013, Pakistan President [[Asif Ali Zardari]] condemned the execution of Afzal Guru inside the Pakistan occupied Kashmir. The President said, "The hanging of Afzal Guru through the abuse of judicial process has further aggravated and angered the people of Kashmir."<ref>{{cite news|author =PTI news agency |title=In Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir, Asif Ali Zardari attacks Afzal Guru execution |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=2013-05-29 |publisher=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/in-pakistan-occupied-kashmir-asif-ali-zardari-attacks-afzal-guru-execution-355464}}</ref>

===Political parties===
Most political parties<ref>{{cite news|author =PTI |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/afzal-gurus-hanging-political-parties-say-justice-done/articleshow/18416558.cms |title=Afzal Guru's hanging: Political parties say justice done – The Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2013-02-09 |access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref> with exception of [[Kashmiri Muslims|Kashmiri muslim]] politicians welcomed the move by the Government of India. The BJP stated that it was a correct move albeit very late. It also stated that the public opinion forced Afzal Guru's hanging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/310971/public-opinion-forced-afzal-gurus.html |title=Public opinion forced Afzal Guru's hanging: BJP |publisher=Deccanherald.com |date=2013-02-09 |access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref><ref name=reactions />

A leader from the Bharatiya Janata Party, who was then the Chief Minister of Gujarat, now Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], tweeted "better late than never" after the news of Guru's execution by hanging had been announced.<ref name=LATimes /> Modi had previously been critical of the government for delaying Guru's execution after the Supreme Court's final decision.<ref>{{cite news|first=Manas |last=Dasgupta |title=Centre out to violate federal structure: Modi |newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 February 2012 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2904417.ece |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party spokesman Naeem Akhtar also criticised Guru's burial inside the prison complex in New Delhi, saying the body should have been given to his family in Kashmir.<ref name=reactions>{{cite news|title=Afzal Guru hanging: voice of affirmation across political spectrum |newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-29 |author =PTI |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/afzal-guru-hanging-voice-of-affirmation-across-political-spectrum/article4397059.ece |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]] announced a four-day mourning on the death of Guru.<ref name=reactions /> The Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir, announced three-day mourning and the Kashmir flag waved at half mast.<ref>{{cite news|title=Guru's execution: AJK announces three-day mourning |newspaper=The News (Pakistan) |date=9 February 2013 |access-date=2013-05-29 |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-87368-Gurus-execution-AJK-announces-three-day-mourning}}</ref>

Jammu and Kashmir chief minister [[Omar Abdullah]] has been highly critical about Afzal Guru's hanging. He said the "biggest tragedy" of the execution was that he was not allowed to meet his family before he was hanged. He also suggested that the centre was "selective" in avenging attacks on symbols of democracy and backed the allegation that the legal process in the Parliament attack mastermind Afzal Guru's case was "flawed".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/news/37039380_1_afzal-guru-omar-abdullah-parliament-attack |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411040744/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/news/37039380_1_afzal-guru-omar-abdullah-parliament-attack |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Omar Abdullah aligns with Kashmiri sentiment – Economic Times |work=The Economic Times |date= 11 February 2013 |access-date=2013-02-13}}</ref>

Omar Abdullah's father, Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Union minister [[Farooq Abdullah]] said: "Afzal Guru’s mercy petition was put before the President. He rejected it. The matter is over."<ref name=dh>{{cite news|title=Afzal Guru's case was different, says Shinde|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/311462/afzal-gurus-case-different-says.html|access-date=12 February 2013|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=11 February 2013}}</ref>

===Legal experts===
[[The Hindu]] published in an article by [[Praveen Swami]] where he mentioned that legal experts have cast no small doubt on whether Guru received a fair trial, whether his guilt was proved and whether his death penalty was legitimate. It was cited that the debates on this case had engaged some of India's finest legal minds for months, both on the side of the state and defence. He also mentioned that the key actors in the attack were likely to get away, because no one could investigate them. In his words, ''"We are still far from knowing the full truth of 13/12. It is likely that many of the unanswered questions might resolve themselves if Pakistan were ever to arrest Jaish-e-Muhammad chief Maulana [[Masood Azhar]] — currently living, in some luxury, in his Bahawalpur home. Nothing in recent experience – witness the 26/11 case – suggests this will happen."'' However, Swami was very critical of Arundhati Roy for asserting that political parties and the media had been in collusion.<ref name=hindu-canity />

===The press===
A minority of members of the Indian press criticised the manner in which the execution was carried out. In particular, the ''[[Times of India]]'' pointed out that since assumption of office as president Pranab Mukherjee had turned down three clemency petitions – [[Ajmal Amir Kasab]], Afzal Guru and Saibanna Ningappa Natekar.<ref name = ToIGuru>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/conspiracy-theory-was-due-process-flouted-to-deny-afzal-guru-a-bid-to-escape-hangman/articleshow/18425330.cms|title=Conspiracy theory: Was due process flouted to deny Guru a bid to escape hangman?|work=The Times of India|date=10 February 2013 |access-date= 11 February 2013}}</ref> The ''Times of India'' highlighted the possible lack of due process evident in the government's failure to comply with the stipulation of the jail manual to inform Guru's family about the date of the execution. The compromise is more evident in Guru's case because, unlike Kasab, his family members are Indians, who live in Kashmir. The rationale behind this stipulation is to provide the convict a chance to meet his family members for the last time.<ref name = ToIGuru/>

In a different article, the ''Times of India'' also noted that "There's no doubt, therefore, that the crime of which Afzal has been convicted falls in the "rarest of rare" category. In the event he's gone through due process, as exemplified in the acquittals or lesser sentencing of all three of his co-accused through various stages of the judicial process, depending on quality of evidence. Once the president rejected his mercy petition the government had no option but to carry out the death sentence."<ref>{{cite news|title=No politics please: Afzal Guru's execution must be seen through a legal prism alone|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/No-politics-please-Afzal-Gurus-execution-must-be-seen-through-a-legal-prism-alone/articleshow/18434017.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411040314/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-11/edit-page/37020845_1_afzal-guru-death-penalty-kashmir-valley|url-status=live|archive-date=11 April 2013|access-date=13 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 February 2013}}</ref>

However in another article, it was observed in ''The Hindu'' that though judicial determination will be – and ought to be – subjected to continued critical scrutiny but there is nothing to show the judicial system was blind to Guru’s legal rights. The article also criticised the journalists and political leaders of 'a certain kind' for not dealing with the "full truth".<ref name=hindu-canity>{{cite news|title=The vanity of 13/12 'truth-telling'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-vanity-of-1312-truthtelling/article4400821.ece?homepage=true|access-date=13 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 February 2013|location=Chennai, India|first=Praveen|last=Swami}}</ref>
Dawn observed that the timing in which he was executed was clearly an attempt to thwart the impending criticism of the economy's dwindling growth rate which had reportedly come down to a 10-year low of five per cent. The hanging was also expected to make the Congress party look as hardline as the BJP. The demeanour is considered useful with the urban middle class voter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/784909/india-hangs-afzal-guru |title=India hangs Afzal Guru - Newspaper |publisher=Dawn.Com |date=2013-02-10 |access-date=2014-07-21}}</ref>

===Victims' families===
The families of victims of the 2001 parliament attack said that they will write to president Pranab Mukherjee to get back the bravery awards returned by them earlier. The families had earlier returned the medals to protest the delay in hanging.<ref>{{cite news|title=Parliament attack victims' kin to write to Pranab|url=http://india.nydailynews.com/politicsarticle/a5de360c332cc1c03bff3fae68efb84c/parliament-attack-victims-kin-to-write-to-pranab#ixzz2Kx3mntzQ|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411122914/http://india.nydailynews.com/politicsarticle/a5de360c332cc1c03bff3fae68efb84c/parliament-attack-victims-kin-to-write-to-pranab%23ixzz2Kx3mntzQ|url-status=dead|access-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=Daily News (USA)|archive-date= 11 April 2013|date=9 February 2013|location=New York}}</ref>

===Home minister===
Indian Union Home Minister [[Sushilkumar Shinde]] said that Afzal Guru's family was informed about the hanging decision on time. But the family was not aware of Guru's hanging since the Speed post letter sent by the Tihar jail authorities regarding the hanging of Afzal reached his family 2 days after his hanging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_afzal-guru-hanging-two-days-later-speed-post-reaches-family_1798774 |title=Afzal Guru hanging: Two days later, speed post reaches family - India - DNA |date=11 February 2013 |publisher=Dnaindia.com |access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theshillongtimes.com/2013/02/12/two-days-after-hanging-speed-post-reaches-afzal-gurus-family/ |title=Two days after hanging, speed post reaches Afzal Guru's family |work=The Shillong Times|date=2013-02-12 |access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref> He defended the secrecy government maintained in the execution saying that it would not have happened had the decision been made public in advance.<ref name=zee-shinde>{{cite news|title=Afzal Guru's family was informed about the hanging decision on time: Shinde |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/afzal-guru-hanging/story/afzal-guru-hanging-sushilkumar-shinde-omar-abdullah-was-informed-about-decision-153783-2013-02-11|access-date=12 February 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=11 February 2013}}</ref> He also denied the Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah's charge that he was kept in the dark about the centre's decision to hang him. He said: "I personally informed Omar about the execution. Also, the family of Afzal Guru was informed on the night of 7 February." Asserting the need to maintain secrecy, Shinde said, "This, as Ajmal Kasab's case, was extremely sensitive, government had to be very careful. Secrecy has to be maintained in such cases."<ref name=zee-shinde-2>{{cite news|title=Afzal Guru's execution was done as per law: Sushilkumar Shinde|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/afzal-guru-s-family-was-informed-about-the-hanging-decision-on-time-sushilkumar-shinde_828412.html|access-date=12 February 2013|newspaper=Zee News}}</ref> He also picked holes in Omar Abdullah's assertion that Parliament attack convict Guru's hanging was "out of turn."<ref name=dh />

===Lawyers' suspension===
On 13 February, few days after Guru's execution, lawyers N D Pancholi and [[Nandita Haksar]] withdrew as his family's counsel, citing "unseemly controversies" and "suspicion" by certain political groups in Kashmir. Without elaborating on the immediate reasons for their decision they said that in Kashmir some political groups feel these offers of solidarity and friendship with suspicion.<ref name=dc-law-resign>{{cite news|title=Lawyers of Afzal Guru's family withdraw|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/pages.php?id=311909|access-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=13 February 2013}}</ref>

===Handing over Guru's remains===
Guru's wife, Tabasum, had sought to claim his body which was buried in the Tihar Jail. However the Central government is likely to reject the request citing the Jail manual. The Delhi Jail manual states that the body may not be transferred to family/friends "if there are grounds for supposing that the prisoner's funeral will be an occasion for a demonstration".<ref name=ie-jail>{{cite news|title=Citing Delhi prison manual, Centre to reject Guru family's plea for his body|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/citing-delhi-prison-manual-centre-to-reject-afzal-familys-plea-for-his-body/1074587/|access-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=15 February 2013}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
===Books by him===
*'''''Ahle Imaan Ke Naam Shaheed Mohammad Afzal Guru Ka Aakhri Paigam''''' (''Martyr Afzal Guru's Last Message to the Peoples of Faith''), 2013. Released seven months after his hanging, this 94-page book, a compilation of diaries, calls for a renewed [[jihad]] against India and takes as model the [[Talibans]] and [[Mullah Omar]]. More than 5,000 copies of the book were printed and circulated, and for the book release a function was attended by Afzal's brother, Aijaz Guru.<ref>Ishfaq-ul-Hassan (18 September 2013), [https://zeenews.india.com/news/jammu-and-kashmir/afzal-gurus-book-stirs-up-a-hornets-nest-in-jammu-and-kashmir_877283.html "Afzal Guru`s book stirs up a hornet’s nest in Jammu and Kashmir"], ''ZeeNews''. Retrieved 13 May 2020.</ref>
*'''''Aina''''' (''Mirror''), Maktab-e-Irfan, Lahore, 2013. This book, ostensibly written by Afzal Guru while in Tihar jail, was published by [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] ten months after his hanging. It contains 132 short chapters attributed to Guru that talk about jihad, the situation in Kashmir, messages to the youth and other ideological issues. The book also has introductory and laudatory pieces written by [[Masood Azhar]], who said that Afzal wrote it in 2010 but couldn't find a publisher, as well as by other Jaish-e-Mohammed members.<ref>Muzamil Jaleel (18 February 2017), [https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/afzal-guru-and-the-jaishs-jihad-project/ "Afzal Guru and the Jaish’s jihad project"], ''IndianExpress''. Retrieved 2 April 2019.</ref> The book's use by later militants like [[Zakir Musa]] led the police to see Afzal Guru as having become an "insurgent spiritual leader".<ref>
Bilal Handoo (29 March 2018), [http://kashmirnarrator.com/the-untold-afzal-guru-story/ "The untold Afzal Guru story"], ''Kashmir Narrator''. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
</ref>

===Books about him===
*''Framing Geelani, hanging Afzal: Patriotism in the time of terror'' by Nandita Haksar, 2007.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haksar |first=Nandita |title=Framing Geelani, hanging Afzal: patriotism in the time of terror |date=2007 |publisher=Promilla & Co., Publishers in association with Bibliophile South Asia |isbn=978-81-85002-80-4 |location=New Delhi |language=English |oclc=167765033}}</ref>
*''The Afzal petition: A quest for justice'' by Nandita Haksar (editor), 2007.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Afzal petition : a quest for justice. |date=2007 |publisher=Promilla & Co. Publishers in association with Bibliophile South Asia and Champa |others=Champa: the Amiya & B.G. Rao Foundation |isbn=978-81-85002-83-5 |location=New Delhi |oclc=181424377}}</ref>
*''Phānsī'' (''Hanging'') by Shabnam Qayyum, 2013.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qayyūm |first=Shabnam |title=Phānsī : murattabah |date=2013 |publisher=Vaqār Pablīkeshanz |language=Urdu |oclc=889002448}}</ref>
*''The hanging of Afzal Guru and the strange case of the attack on the Indian parliament'' edited by [[Arundhati Roy]], 2013.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Arundhati |title=The hanging of Afzal Guru : and the strange case of the attack on the Indian parliament |date=2013 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=978-0-14-342075-0 |edition= |location=New Delhi |oclc=835036171}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference|Hurriyat and Problems before Plebiscite]]
* [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]
* [[Kashmir conflict]]
* [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]]
* [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
* [[Terrorism in India]]
* [[Capital punishment in India]]
* [[Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/mulakat-afzal?page=0,1 Vinod K. Jose, "Mulakat Afzal: The first interview Mohammad Afzal gave from inside Tihar jail, in 2006" (an interview translated and widely reprinted between 2006 and 2013)]
* {{cite news|title=Delhi High Court – State vs Mohd. Afzal And Ors|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1031426/|access-date=10 February 2013|newspaper=Indian Kanoon}}
* [http://www.judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=27092 Supreme Court judgement on Afzal Guru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020205143/http://www.judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=27092 |date=20 October 2016 }}
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/366888.cms Bitta urges President not to pardon Afzal]
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2214714.cms Clemency-seekers weakened Afzal's defence]
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2061069.cms Terror needs direct response (Opinion)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130212024742/http://raviwar.com/dailynews/d3197_afzal-guru-life-story-20130209.shtml Life history of Afzal Guru (Hindi-language source)]

{{Kashmir separatist movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guru, Afzal}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century executions by India]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in India]]
[[Category:Executed Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Kashmiri militants|Afzal, Mohammed]]
[[Category:Murder trials]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by India]]
[[Category:People executed by India by hanging]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Islamists]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned on terrorism charges]]
[[Category:People convicted on terrorism charges]]
[[Category:Executed mass murderers]]

Papa Kahte Hain

2026-03-03T23:40:17Z

Samyakk clothing: Put up some info w/ infobox.

{{About|the film|the song|Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Papa Kahte Hain
| image = Papa-Kehte-Hai.jpg

| caption =
| director = [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
| producer = {{ubl|Mahesh Bhatt|Amit Khanna}}
| writer = [[Manohar Shyam Joshi]]
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jugal Hansraj]]|[[Mayuri Kango]]}}
| music = [[Rajesh Roshan]]
| cinematography = Rajesh Joshi
| editing = Renu Saluja
| studio = Plus Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1996|05|17|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget = {{INR}}10 million<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.filmfare.com:80/site/jan97/boffice.htm |title=Sold out, bowled out |date=January 1997 |work=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970204104959/http://www.filmfare.com:80/site/jan97/boffice.htm |archive-date=4 February 1997 |access-date=18 May 2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| gross =
}}

'''''Papa Kahte Hain''''' ({{translation|Father says/Dad says)}} is a 1996 Indian [[Hindi]] [[romance film]] directed by [[Mahesh Bhatt]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-17|title=Jugal Hansraj on 25 years of Papa Kahte Hain, how Ghar Se Nikalte Hi was made: 'I wanted to shoot the song before the movie'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jugal-hansraj-on-25-years-of-papa-kahte-hai-how-ghar-se-nikalte-hi-was-made-video-7316656/|access-date=2021-12-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The film starred [[Jugal Hansraj]] and [[Mayuri Kango]], with [[Tiku Talsania]], [[Anupam Kher]] and [[Alok Nath]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{Citation|title=Papa Kahte Hain|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/papa_kehte_hain|language=en|access-date=2021-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Papa Kahte Hain (1996) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/papa-kahte-hain-8048/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217171820/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/papa-kahte-hain-8048/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=17 December 2021|access-date=2021-12-17|website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

==Plot==
Sweety lives with her mother, maternal grandmother and grandfather. She is very rebellious, emotional and high-strung, and does not get along well with her classmates in school. All she knows is that she is not permitted to talk about her dad at home. She finds out that he is in the [[Seychelles]] and runs away there.

When she gets to the Seychelles, she can't find her dad, whom she has been so anxious to meet. One link is the death of marine archaeologist, Mr. Gandhibhai, who only knows where her dad is. Coincidentally, her dad is in the same hotel which she is in. He is living with another woman, Swati Sinha, who had divorced another man. Her dad is not at all thrilled to have a teenage daughter come and interrupt his life and affairs. In the Seychelles, Sweety meets Rohit Dixit and they fall in love with each other. Mr. Anand and Sweety have developed a father-daughter relationship, unaware to the fact that they are related. Later, the story has several twists, which ultimately ends on a happy note.

==Cast==
* [[Jugal Hansraj]] as Rohit Dixit
* [[Dinesh Hingoo]] as Rustom
* [[Mayuri Kango]] as Sweety Anand
* [[Anupam Kher]] as Krishan Anand
* [[Navni Parihar]] as Vinita Gandhi /Anand
* [[Suhas Joshi]] as Mrs. Gandhi
* [[Soni Razdan]] as Swati Sinha
* [[Tiku Talsania]] as Taraknath Gandhi
* [[Suhasini Mulay]]
* [[Alok Nath]]
* [[Reema Lagoo]]

==Soundtrack==
The music of this movie was huge hit, especially Ghar Se Nikalte Hi, Pyar Mein Hota Hai Kya Jaadu, Pehle Pyar Ka Pehla Gham.
The music was composed by Rajesh Roshan. The lyrics were penned by [[Javed Akhtar]]. According to the Indian trade website [[Box Office India]], with around 30,00,000 units sold the soundtrack became the second highest-selling album of the year after [[Raja Hindustani]].
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1.
| "Ghar Se Nikalte Hi"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| 2.
| "Pyar Mein Hota Hai"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 3.
| "Ye Jo Thode Se Hain Paise"
| Kumar Sanu
|-
| 4.
| "Mujhse Naraaz Ho To"
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
| 5.
| "Pehle Pyar Ka"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| 6.
| "Hum Dulhan Wale"
| Kumar Sanu, [[Sushma Shrestha|Poornima]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0246839}}

{{Mahesh Bhatt}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1996 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Roshan]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Bhatt]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Seychelles]]
[[Category:1996 comedy films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy films]]

Hridayathil Sookshikkan

2026-03-03T21:36:15Z

Samyakk clothing: page updated

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hridayathil Sookshikkan
| image = Hridayathil Sookshikkan.jpg
| director = [[Rajesh Pillai]]
| producer = Bose Varghese
| starring = [[Kunchacko Boban]] [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] [[Harisree ashokan]] Nithya Das [[Bhanupriya]]
| music = [[Mohan Sitara]]
| story = Kalavoor Ravikumar
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2005|02|18}}
}}
'''''Hridayathil Sookshikkan''''' ({{translation|To keep safe in your heart}}) is a 2005 [[Malayalam]]-language [[romance film]] directed by debutant [[Rajesh Pillai]].<ref>{{cite news|last=George|first=Vijay|title=''Traffic'' gets the green signal|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2011011450860100.htm&date=2011/01/14/&prd=fr&|accessdate=17 April 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 January 2011}}</ref> Produced by Bose Varghese, the film had [[Kunchacko Boban]] and [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] playing the main characters.<ref>{{cite news|title=A handy way to watch movies|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/21/stories/2006092102060200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212091039/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/21/stories/2006092102060200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 February 2007|accessdate=17 April 2013|date=21 September 2006|newspaper=The Hindu|author=John L. Paul}}</ref> The plot was loosely based on the 2000 American film ''[[Meet the Parents]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hridayathil Sookshikkan – Review|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/hridayathil-sookshikkan-review-malayalam-13677646.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924172721/http://www.sify.com/movies/hridayathil-sookshikkan-review-malayalam-13677646.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=17 April 2013|author=Moviebuzz}}</ref> The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Mohan Sitara]].<ref>{{cite news|last=George|first=Liza|title=The melody maker|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/04/09/stories/2010040951460200.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629104703/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/04/09/stories/2010040951460200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2013|accessdate=17 April 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 April 2010}}</ref>

==Plot==
Sreenath works in an advertising firm in Bangalore. He meets a model Amritha and falls in love with her. He tries to win her over but she says that he has to get her father's approval first. Sreenath and Amritha go to their village in Kerala to influence her father and win over her parents. But things go awry after Amritha's father starts hating Sreenath due to his hyperactive and overenthusiastic nature. After all, his efforts to win him over go in vain.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Kunchacko Boban]] as Sreenath/Sree
* [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] as Amrutha
* [[Harishree Ashokan]] as Mathen
* [[Nithya Das]] as Nanitha
* [[Bhanupriya]] as Nirmala
* [[Shamna Kasim]] as Model
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]
* [[Riza Bava]]
* [[Kalaranjini]]
* Maya Viswanath
* Geetha Salam as Govindan
* Beena Anthony as Bhanu
* Krishnapriya as Athira
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Mohan Sitara]] and released under the audio label Satyam Audios.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/hridayathil-sookshikkan/IW4Cy-X,NtU_|title=Hridayathil Sookshikkan|work=[[Jiosaavn]]|date=2004}}</ref>
*"Enikkanu Nee" – Asha Madhu, Afsal
*"Achante Ponnumale" – [[K. J. Yesudas]]
*"Kattayee Veeshum" – George Peter
*"Sandhyayam" – Rachana John
*"Kuttanatile" – Anandaraj
*"Enikkanu Nee" [M] – Afsal
*"Achanteponnu" – Mohan Sithara

== Reception ==
A critic from ''Nowrunning'' wrote that "To sum up, "Hridayathil Sookshikkan" is an avoidable film by all parameters".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/2069/malayalam/hridayathil-sookshikkan/425/review.htm|title=Hridayathil Sookshikkan Review {{!}} Hridayathil Sookshikkan Malayalam Review by Hari Krishnan|date=18 February 2005|work=Nowrunning}}</ref> A critic from ''webindia123'' wrote that "The story doesn't have any originality and has some similarity to the English movie ''Meet The Parents''. The movie pretends to be about a love story of a young couple but the director keeps that theme on the surface and brings in a family drama which spoils the whole thing. It is a silly movie with a silly theme".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webindia123.com/movie/regional/hridayathil/index.htm|title=Hridayathil Sookshikkan|work=webindia123}}</ref>

== Home media ==
The film premiered on [[Mazhavil Manorama]] on 6 November 2015 at 1:00 p.m.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/hridayathil-sookshikkan-on-mazhavil-manorama/articleshow/49630607.cms|title='Hridayathil Sookshikkan' on Mazhavil Manorama|work=The Times of India|date=6 November 2015|last=Soman|first=Deepa}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0448543}}

[[Category:2005 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rajesh Pillai]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mohan Sithara]]

Abhinandanam

2026-03-03T21:10:23Z

Samyakk clothing: Revised content for better accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Abhinandanam
| image = Abhinandanam.png
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[I. V. Sasi]]
| producer = A. Raghunath
| writer = [[Sherif]]
| screenplay = Sherif
| starring = [[KP Ummer]] [[Jayabharathi]] [[Sreedevi]] [[Vincent (actor)|Vincent]] Prakash [[Prema (Malayalam actress)|Prema]] [[Bahadoor]]
| music = [[Kannur Rajan]]
| cinematography = [[C. Ramachandra Menon]]
| editing = [[K Narayanan]]
| studio = Sanjay Productions
| distributor = Sanjay Productions
| released = {{Film date|1976|12|2|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Abhinandanam''''' is a 1976 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[I. V. Sasi]] and produced by A. Raghunath. The film stars [[Jayabharathi]], [[Vincent (actor)|Vincent]], [[KP Ummer]], [[Bahadoor]] Prakash and [[Prema (Malayalam actress)|Prema]]. The film has musical score by [[Kannur Rajan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=648|title=Abhinandanam|access-date=2014-10-05|publisher=MalayalaChalachithram}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?891 |title=Abhinandanam |access-date=2014-10-05 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075853/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?891 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/abhinandanam-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090005/http://spicyonion.com/title/abhinandanam-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=6 October 2014|title=Abhinandanam|access-date=2014-10-05|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[K. P. Ummer]] as Venu Menon
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Geetha
*[[M. G. Soman]] as Sreedharan
*[[Vincent (actor)|Vincent]] as Suku
*[[Sridevi]] as Lalitha
*[[Rani Chandra]] as Radha
*[[Adoor Bhasi]] as Govindan
*[[P. K. Abraham]] as Prabhakaran
*[[Bahadoor]] as Vasu Pilla
*[[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Alikutty
*[[Alummoodan]] as Naanu ashan
*[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]] as Ravi
*[[Prema (Malayalam actress)|Prema]] as Subadra
*[[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]] as Saraswathy
*[[Usharani]] as Vimala
*[[Janardanan]] as Police Inspector
*[[Sankaradi]] as Menon
*M. O. Devasya as Kunjuvareed
*Master Rajakrishnan as Damu
*Prakash
*Sankar Manankav
*[[Prathapachandran]]
*Treasa as Nabeesa
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Kannur Rajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Sreekumaran Thampi]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Chandranum Thaarakalum" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] || 03:22
|-
| 2 || "Enthinenne Vilichu" || K. J. Yesudas || Sreekumaran Thampi || 03:22
|-
| 3 || "Pathu Paisaakkoru" || [[S. Janaki]] || Sreekumaran Thampi || 03:24
|-
| 4 || "Pushpathalpathil" || K. J. Yesudas, [[Lathika]] || Sreekumaran Thampi || 03:22
|-
| 5 || "Pushpathalpathil" (Bit) || Lathika || Sreekumaran Thampi || 00:31
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0186795|Abhinandanam}}

{{I. V. Sasi}}

[[Category:1976 films]]
[[Category:1976 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1976 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by I. V. Sasi]]

{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Fireman (film)

2026-03-03T20:38:36Z

Samyakk clothing: page edit

{{Short description|2015 film by Deepu Karunakaran}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Fireman
| image = Fireman film.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Deepu Karunakaran]]
| producer = Milan Jaleel
| writer =
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* Deepu Karunakaran
* G.V. Renjith
}}
| story = {{Plainlist|
* G.V. Renjith
* Manoj
}}
| based_on =
| starring = {{startplainlist}}
*[[Mammootty]]
*[[Unni Mukundan]]
*[[Salim Kumar]]
*[[Nyla Usha]]
{{endplainlist}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Rahul Raj]]
| cinematography = Sunoj Velayudhan
| editing = V. Saajan
| studio = Galaxy Films
| distributor = Popcorn Entertainments (Australia, New Zealand, Singapore & Botswana)
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2015|2|19}}
| runtime = 118 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Fireman''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[disaster film]] directed by Deepu Karunakaran and produced by Milan Jaleel under the banner of Galaxy Films. The film's shooting was completed in one day.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16195/malayalam/fireman/index.htm |title=Fireman Malayalam Movie - Preview, Trailers, Gallery, Review, Events, Synopsis |publisher=Nowrunning.com |date= |accessdate=2015-03-17 |archive-date=17 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317173858/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16195/malayalam/fireman/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It stars [[Mammootty]], [[Unni Mukundan]], [[Salim Kumar]], and [[Nyla Usha]] in the lead roles. The music is composed by [[Rahul Raj]].<ref name=Reviews>Nicy V.P (19 February 2015). [http://www.ibtimes.co.in/fireman-review-round-highly-engaging-thriller-623980 "'Fireman' Review Round-up: Mammootty-Nyla Usha Starrer is a Highly Engaging Thriller"]. ''IB Times''. Retrieved 22 February 2015.</ref><ref>Akhila Menon (30 June 2015). [http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2015/6-box-office-hits-of-malayalam-cinema-2015-188832.html "6 Box Office Hits Of Malayalam Cinema 2015"]. Filmibeat.com. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref><ref>[http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/box-office-report-nivin-pauly-starrer-premam-oru-vadakkan-selfie-rule-2015-first-half.html "Box office report: 'Premam', 'OVS' rule 2015 first half"]. ''Malayala Manorama''. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> This movie is shortly based on the [[Chala LPG tanker disaster]].

==Plot==
The movie starts off with Narendan Achari at a shop with his daughter who has been treated for a [[brain tumour]]. He is distracted for some time during which his daughter goes missing. In a frenzy, he rushes to the nearest police station but is frustrated at the officers' lack of effort to find her.

On the same day, a fireman Lakshmanan Pillai has his send-off from service. Later, Achari is driving his car and finding his daughter. He causes an accident making an LPG tanker topple on the road. There are casualties and the police and the fire force arrive and try to contain the situation. However, the tanker springs a leak and a police officer inadvertently causes an explosion despite Pillai's best efforts to thwart this. Pillai gets killed in the ensuing explosion destroying his lower body. Vijay, a fireman appears heroically on the scene and takes over the reins of averting the disaster. Vijay and the police force clash have conflict regarding the action plan to be taken. Eventually, Vijay is given complete reins of the project. Some time later, Achari appears and threatens to light up the area if his daughter is not found within two hours. Vijay tries to calm him, blaming the police for humiliating him. Later, residents at the jail learn of the gas leak and shout to get out. The police with the help of Iqbal calm them. Due to the mounting pressure, the tanker moves and the refinery technicians are able to check the tanker. Vijay stops it by decreasing its pressure to 60 cubic volume before it could blast.

A refinery technician who checks the tanker finds that the screws and the connecting lamp of the chasis were not properly connected to the truck. Simultaneously, the police get information that the tanker drivers have gone missing. Vijay predicts that the tanker accident was pre-planned by a man identified as Achari, to break his criminal friend out of the central jail. However, the force is left with no option but to vacate the jail. Meanwhile, Achari lights an area and Vijay and his team alarmed. They manage to extinguish the fire with in 5 minutes but Shahjahan, a fireman and Vijay's friend dies. After a series of events, Vijay locks himself in jail to find out who the wannabe free prisoner is, Meanwhile, the police chases Achari and during the chase, Achari drives his car to cliff end and gets killed after his car explodes. At the same time, Vijay finds the culprit successfully. He physically and brutally overpowers the culprit who takes a [[lighter]] and threatens him to light up the entire area. But when he presses the lighter, the area didn't explode. Vijay reveals that he already instructed his unit to refill the LPG in the tanker to a new tanker, thus thwarting the major disaster. Celebrating victory, Vijay leaves the jail and the culprit is trashed to death by the prisoners.

The next day, Vijay and his team, who are supposed to attend the funeral of their dear colleagues, get an emergency call and decide to thwart the accident. As the hero says, a commoner dialling 101 believes that a fireman would come in any problem to save him.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Mammootty]] as [[Fireman]] Vijay
* [[Unni Mukundan]] as [[Fireman]] Shahjahan
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Sakhav Iqbal
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Narendan Achari
* [[Nyla Usha]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Sherin Thomas [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[P. Sreekumar]] as Retd. [[Fireman]] Lekshmanan Pillai
* Manu Varma as Amal, Engineer
* [[Krishna Prasad (actor)|Krishna Prasad]] as [[Fireman]] Prasad
* Baiju VK as [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|DYSP]] Zachariah
* [[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as [[Sub Inspector|SI]] Chandran
* Balaji Sharma as [[Civil Police Officer|CPO]] Rajesh
* [[Hareesh Peradi]] as Home Minister Sugunan Nair
* [[Sabumon Abdusamad]] as Binoy, Comrade
* [[Padmaraj Ratheesh]] as Prisoner Bharathan
* [[Shivaji Guruvayoor]] as [[Inspector General|IG]] Ayyappan Panicker [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Kalashala Babu]] as Salim Mohammad, Jail Superintendent
* [[Ragesh Devikrishna]] as the main accused
* PC Soman as Raghavan
* Shreegopika Neelanath as a journalist
* [[Kalabhavan Haneef]] as Satheeshan, Juice seller
* [[Hariprashanth M G]] as Prisoner
}}

==Production==
On 4 September 2014, it was reported that [[Mammootty]] would play a firefighter in a movie directed by Deepu Karunakaran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/mammootty-to-play-a-fire-fighter/102201/story.htm |title=Mammootty to play a fire fighter |publisher=Nowrunning.com |date=2014-09-04 |accessdate=2015-03-17 |archive-date=28 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428004622/http://www.nowrunning.com/mammootty-to-play-a-fire-fighter/102201/story.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Deepu initially approached [[Mohanlal]] for the role. The actor liked the script and suggested some changes in the screenplay. However, after the revision of the screenplay, Deepu had to wait two years for his dates. hence, he decided to cast [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]] but the fate was the same. Finally, he offered the role to [[Mammootty]] who already knew the story from Mohanlal and the revisions he made.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://malayalam.filmibeat.com/news/why-did-mohanlal-rejected-deepu-karunakaran-s-fireman-022776.html|title = Why Mohanlal rejected fireman|date = 6 April 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Filmibeat.com|last = |first = }}</ref> The initial reports stated [[Andrea Jeremiah]] and [[Nyla Usha]] in the film, but not as Mammootty's pair.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/andrea-jeremiah-to-play-mammoottys-heroine/102726/story.htm |title=Andrea Jeremiah to play Mammootty's heroine |publisher=Nowrunning.com |date=2014-09-23 |accessdate=2015-03-17 |archive-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427212945/http://www.nowrunning.com/andrea-jeremiah-to-play-mammoottys-heroine/102726/story.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/andrea-and-nyla-usha-in-mammootty-film/103583/story.htm |title=Andrea and Nyla Usha in Mammootty film |publisher=Nowrunning.com |date=2014-10-27 |accessdate=2015-03-17 |archive-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204024552/http://www.nowrunning.com/andrea-and-nyla-usha-in-mammootty-film/103583/story.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 1 November 2014, [[Unni Mukundan]] confirmed about his role through Facebook.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fb.com/IamUnniMukundan |title=Unni Mukundan | Facebook |publisher=Fb.com |date= |accessdate=2015-03-17}}</ref> Movie planned to start its shoot by the third of October at [[Ernakulam]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/fireman-to-start-soon-malayalam-news-114896 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220182401/http://www.indiaglitz.com/fireman-to-start-soon-malayalam-news-114896 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2014 |title=Fireman to start soon - Malayalam Movie News |work=Indiaglitz.com |date=2014-09-24 |accessdate=2015-03-17}}</ref> but started rolling on 20 October 2014 at [[Palakkad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/fireman-shooting-started/104320/story.htm |title='Fireman' shooting started |publisher=Nowrunning.com |date=2014-11-24 |accessdate=2015-03-17 |archive-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204011022/http://www.nowrunning.com/fireman-shooting-started/104320/story.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first look poster was released on 26 November 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.facebook.com/Mammootty/photos/a.419831762773.202008.257135417773/10152927795402774/?type=1&source=46&refid=17 |title=Timeline Photos |publisher=M.facebook.com |date=2014-11-26 |accessdate=2015-03-17}}</ref> followed by a second one on 29 November 2014 through [[Mammootty]]'s official Facebook page.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.facebook.com/Mammootty/photos/a.419831762773.202008.257135417773/10152933491617774/?type=1&source=46&refid=17 |title=Timeline Photos |publisher=M.facebook.com |date= |accessdate=2015-03-17}}</ref>

==Release==
The film was released on 19 February 2015.

==Critical reception ==
The film received positive reviews from critics.<ref name=Reviews/><ref>{{cite web|author=T |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=18422955&programId=1074209438&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=%40%40%40&tabId=3 |title=Movie Reviews |publisher=Manoramaonline.com |date=2015-02-19 |accessdate=2015-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=മനീഷ് നാരായണന്‍ |url=http://www.southlive.in/reviews/4952 |title=ഫയര്‍മാന്‍ | Southlive |publisher=Southlive.in |date=2015-02-19 |accessdate=2015-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219221523/http://www.southlive.in/reviews/4952 |archive-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/movie-review/fireman-movie-review-565 |title=Fireman Movie Review |publisher=Metromatinee.com |date= |accessdate=2015-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320034730/http://www.metromatinee.com/movie-review/fireman-movie-review-565 |archive-date=20 March 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="mano"/> Deepa Soman, writing for [[The Times of India]], rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and said, "The movie keeps you on the edge of the seat throughout and there is no dull moment. The freshness of the subject and its intention in recognizing the tribe of firemen is commendable," and she appreciated Mammootty for his performance as a fireman.<ref>{{cite web|author=Deepa Soman|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Fireman/movie-review/46329994.cms|title=Fireman Movie Review|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 November 2015|agency=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 February 2015}}</ref> Tony Mathew of ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' wrote: "There was no hype; neither were the expectations high. Still it has all elements in place to keep the critics quiet, satiate the fans and common audience alike in the days ahead." He concluded the review saying, "Firefighters are supposed to douse the flames that eat everything it comes across, but this 'Fireman' will set fire to theatres for sure."<ref name="mano">Tony Mathew (20 February 2015). [http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/this-fireman-sets-fire-to-theatres.html "This Fireman sets fire to theatres"]. ''[[Malayala Manorama]]''. Retrieved 22 February 2015.</ref> Veeyen of Nowrunning.com stated that ''Fireman'' was a tribute to firefighters and that the film was "fairly good."<ref>{{cite web|author=Veeyen|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16195/malayalam/fireman/4991/review/|title=Fireman Review|agency=Nowrunning.com|access-date=22 November 2015|archive-date=6 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106195642/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16195/malayalam/fireman/4991/review|url-status=dead}}</ref> Applauding the film's cast and performances, direction, cinematography, editing and score, but criticising the graphics works and the incompleteness in screenplay, Akhila Menon of [[Oneindia.com|Filmibeat.com]] gave a rating 2.5 out of 5 and wrote a verdict, "Kudos to team for materialising India's first fire force based movie. Overall, a partially accomplished mission."<ref>{{cite web|author=Akhila Menon|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2015/mammootty-fireman-movie-critics-review-174404.html|title=Fireman Movie Review|date=20 February 2015|agency=[[Oneindia.com]]}}</ref> A reviewer of Indiaglitz.com said that "opens to a very shaky start" it has an engaging storyline and it is " one of the well made thrillers in recent Malayalam."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/fireman-malayalam-movie-review-19347.html|title=Fireman|access-date=22 November 2015|agency=Indiaglitz|date=20 February 2015}}</ref>

Pramod Thomas of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', however, said, "The movie throws cold water on the fire of expectations of an average spectator. The bland screenplay of the movie isn't helping either. The only saving grace of the film is that it tells a hitherto untold story of the heroics of firemen and deserves a salute for the same."<ref>Pramod Thomas (22 February 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150222182515/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Fireman-Borders-on-Average/2015/02/22/article2680659.ece "Fireman Borders on Average"]. ''[[The New Indian Express]]''. Retrieved 22 February 2015.</ref>

==Trivia==
The film also dubbed into Tamil and Kannada. In the 2015 Telugu film ''[[Jil (film)|Jil]]'', a jailed terrorist reveals certain details of a terror plot that only the police and fire force would have naturally known, thus arousing suspicion[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64cxrUsoiuY]. In ''[[Suddenly (1954 film)|Suddenly]]'', a henchman arouses the suspicion of the police at the rail station by inadvertently referring to the 5 o'clock train, which happens to be a special train whose schedule is known only to the police. In both movies, a villain inadvertently reveals details that should be known only to the authorities.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|4472020}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Indian disaster films]]

Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-26T14:01:03Z

Samyakk clothing: creating - done

{{Short description|Indian wildlife sanctuary}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| iucn_ref =
| image =
| image_caption =
| map = India Chhattisgarh#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = [[Mahasamund district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|21|24|00|N|82|27|50|E|region:IN_dim:20000|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| established = 1976
| area_km2 = 245
| elevation =
| nearest_city = [[Mahasamund]]
| governing_body =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary''' is located in [[ Mahasamund district]]. It was established in 1976 under the Wildlife Protection Act.<ref name="outlook">{{cite web |last1=Aggarwal|first1=Bharat |title=Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary |work=Outlook Traveller |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/barnawapara-wildlife-sanctuary/ |date=2017-05-17 |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="regeneration">{{cite journal |last1=Negi|first1=Chaman |last2=Singh |first2=Lalji |last3=Bhardwaj |first3=Daulat |journal=The Indian Forester |volume=141 |issue=8|pages=848-853 |title=Regeneration Status and Floristic Composition of Natural and Plantation Forest Ecosystems of Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary | date=August 2015 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chaman_Negi4/publication/283085055_REGENERATION_STATUS_AND_FLORISTIC_COMPOSITION_OF_NATURAL_AND_PLANTATION_FOREST_ECOSYSTEMS_OF_BARNAWAPARA_WILDLIFE_SANCTUARY_CHHATTISGARH_INDIA/links/5671034208ae5252e6f26210.pdf |access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>

==Name==
The Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary is named after the twin forest villages of '''Bar''' and '''Nawapara''' located in the sanctuary.<ref name="outlook" /><ref name="regeneration" />

==Geography==
The sanctuary is spread over an area of about 245 square km.<ref name="regeneration" /> The [[Jonk River]], a tributary of the [[Mahanadi river]], flows through the sanctuary, and is bisected by a number other of streams and rivulets, besides numerous watering holes.<ref name="outlook" /><ref name="regeneration" /> The tributaries of [[Mahanadi]] are the source of water here. Balamdehi River forms the western boundary and [[Jonk River]] forms the north-eastern boundary of the Sanctuary. It is a land mass of undulating terrain dotted with numerous low and high hillocks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chhattisgarhtourism.co.in/barnawapara-wildlife-sanctuary-chhattisgarh.html|title= General Info of Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary}}</ref>

==Flora==
The sanctuary is full with Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests and [[Bamboo]] is amongst the most commonly spotted tree here. [[Shorea robusta|Sal]], [[Madhuca longifolia|Mahua]], [[Bombax ceiba|Semal]], Tendu Ber, [[Teak]] and other tropical dry deciduous trees like [[Diospyros melanoxylon|Tendu]], [[Terminalia chebula|Terminalia]], [[Madhuca longifolia|Mahua]], [[Ber]] and [[Bombax ceiba|Semal]] trees are also commonly found in the reserve.<ref name="regeneration" />

==Fauna==
[[File:Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary Chhattisgarh India.jpg|thumb|Spotted deer herd]]
Wildlife of the sanctuary include [[Tiger|Tigers]][[Sloth bear|, Sloth Bear]], [[Flying squirrel|Flying Squirrels]], [[Jackal|Jackals]], [[Four-horned antelope|Four-horned Antelopes]], [[Leopard|Leopards]], [[Chinkara]], [[Jungle cat|Jungle Cat]], [[Barking Deer]], [[Porcupine]], [[Monkey]], [[Bison]], [[Striped hyena|Striped Hyena]], [[Dhole|Wild Dogs]], [[Chital]], [[Sambar deer|Sambar]], [[Nilgai]], [[Jackal]], [[Gaur]], [[Muntjac]], [[Wild boar|Wild Boar]], [[Cobra]], and [[Pythonidae|Python]]. In 2020, wild buffalo were imported from [[Manas National Park]] for reintroduction in the wild.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pair of wild buffalo brought to Barnawapara |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2020/4/19/Pair-of-wild-buffalo-brought-to-Barnawapara.html |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=www.thehitavada.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, the [[Blackbuck|blackbucks]] was reintroduced into the sanctuary, at that time the specie was declared locally extinct in the state of Chhattisgarh. In 2025, its population has grown to 190.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-17 |title=It went locally extinct for 50 years. Then, the blackbuck made a miraculous comeback in Chhattisgarh's Barnawapara sanctuary |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/it-went-locally-extinct-for-50-years-then-the-blackbuck-made-a-miraculous-comeback-in-chhattisgarhs-barnawapara-sanctuary-10311451/ |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The sanctuary also has a large population of birds that include [[Peafowl|Peacock]], [[Parrot|Parrots]], [[Bulbul]], [[White-rumped vulture|White-rumped Vultures]], [[Green avadavat|Green Avadavat]], [[Lesser kestrel|Lesser Kestrels]], [[Peafowl]], [[Woodpecker|Wood Peckers]], [[Greater racket-tailed drongo|Racket-tailed Drongos]], [[Egret|Egrets]], and [[Heron|Herons]]. Bird watching in Barnawapara is one of the most enjoyed and popular activities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/destinations/story/offbeat-chhattisgarh-a-drive-to-sirpur-and-barnawapara-wildlife-sanctuary-raipur-lakshmana-temple-teevardwo-buddhist-monastery-heritage-monuments-274523-2015-11-26|title= Offbeat Chhattisgarh: A drive to Sirpur and Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary}}</ref>

==Connectivity==
The reserve is about 100 km from [[Raipur]] and about 45 km from [[Mahasamund]] city. The nearest airport is the [[Swami Vivekananda Airport]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}

==Tourism==
There are a number of scenic waterfalls in the sanctuary, like Dhaskund waterfall, Siddhakhol Waterfall, Nakuti Darha waterfall, etc. Other places like Turturiya Dham are also popular. It is situated on the northern boundary of the sanctuary besides the Balamdehi river, 13 km from Barnawapara, is believed to have been the abode of Sage [[Valmiki]] and the place where [[Sita]] lived in exile, and where [[Lava (Ramayana)|Luv]] and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kush]] were born.<ref name="outlook"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Mahasamund district]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1976]]

2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters

2026-02-26T00:52:04Z

Samyakk clothing: brief fixed citations for clarity also and improved wording

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
[[File:Gaza Strip July 2014 a constant state of emergency 1.jpg|thumb|UNRWA school being used as shelter, July 2014]]
<onlyinclude><section begin=Lead/><noinclude>The '''2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters'''</noinclude><includeonly>There</includeonly> were seven [[Shell (projectile)|shellings]] at [[United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East|UNRWA]] facilities in the [[Gaza Strip]] which took place between 21 July and 3 August 2014<noinclude> during the [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict|Israeli-Gaza conflict]]</noinclude>. The incidents were the result of [[artillery]], [[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]] or aerial missile fire which struck on or near the UNRWA facilities being used as shelters for [[Palestinians]], and as a result at least 44 civilians, including 10 UN staff, died. During the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict, many Palestinians fled their homes after warnings by Israel or due to air strikes or fighting in the area. An estimated 290,000 people (15% of Gaza's population) took shelter in UNRWA schools.

On three separate occasions, on 16 July,<ref name="UNRWA">{{cite press release|url=http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-placement-rockets-school|title=Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School|publisher=UNRWA|date=17 July 2014|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref> 22 July<ref name="unrwa.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-condemns-placement-rockets-second-time-one-its-schools |title=Condemns Placement of Rockets, for a Second Time, in One of Its Schools |publisher=UNRWA |date=22 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> and on 29 July, UNRWA announced that rockets had been found in their schools.<ref name="By Nidal al-Mughrabi and Maayan Lubell">{{cite web|author1=Nidal al-Mughrabi |author2=Maayan Lubell |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-gaza-idUSKBN0FV04A20140730 |title=Carnage at U.N. school as Israel pounds Gaza Strip |publisher=Reuters |date=29 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> UNRWA denounced the groups responsible for "flagrant violations of the neutrality of its premises". All of these schools were vacant at the time when rockets were discovered; no rockets were found in any shelters which were shelled. The [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) stated that "[[Hamas]] chooses where these battles are conducted and, despite Israel's best efforts to prevent civilian casualties, Hamas is ultimately responsible for the tragic loss of civilian life. There has been repeated abuse of UN facilities by Hamas, with at least three cases of munitions storage within such facilities."<ref name=guardianUNRWAcloser>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/08/-sp-gaza-israeli-strikes-unrwa-schools Gaza crisis: a closer look at Israeli strikes on UNRWA schools], Raya Jalabi, Tom McCarthy, Nadja Popovich, 8 August 2014, ''The Guardian''</ref>

The attacks were condemned by members of the [[United Nations|UN]] (UNRWA's parent organization) and other governments, such as the U.S., have expressed "extreme concern" over the safety of Palestinian civilians who "are not safe in UN-designated shelters."<ref name=guardianUNRWAcloser /> The [[2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters#Rafah Preparatory A Boys School|Rafah shelling]] in particular was widely criticized, with [[Ban Ki-moon]] calling it a "moral outrage and a criminal act" and US State Department calling it "appalling" and "disgraceful". UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes. A Human Rights Watch investigation into three of the incidents concluded that Israel committed war crimes because two of the shellings "did not appear to target a military objective or were otherwise indiscriminate", while the third Rafah shelling was "unlawfully disproportionate".<ref name=reutersHRW>{{cite news|title=Human Rights Watch accuses Israel of war crimes in Gaza|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-gaza-war-idUKKBN0H60YD20140911|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208123220/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-gaza-war-idUKKBN0H60YD20140911|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2015|work=Reuters|date=11 September 2014|location=Jerusalem}}</ref> On 27 April 2015, the United Nations released an inquiry which concluded that Israel was responsible for the deaths of at least 44 Palestinians who died in the shelling and 227 were injured.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.newsweek.com/united-nations-israel-responsible-deaths-gaza-schools-325668 | title=United Nations: Israel Responsible for Deaths at Gaza Schools | work=Newsweek | date=27 April 2015 | access-date=27 April 2015 | author=Westcott}}</ref><section end=Lead/></onlyinclude>

==Background==
Since the 2005 [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza]], Palestinian militant groups in Gaza have launched rockets into Israel as part of the [[Gaza–Israel conflict]].{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} Gaza militants operate in civilian areas, draw return fire to civilian structures, and on some level benefit in the diplomatic arena from the rising casualties.<ref name="NYT_civilian_shields" /> Through the years, Israel has accused Hamas of launching rockets from schools, residential buildings, mosques and hospitals and Hamas has repeatedly been accused of using civilians as a [[human shields]].<ref name=NYT_civilian_shields>[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/world/middleeast/israel-says-hamas-is-using-civilians-as-shields-in-gaza.html ''Israel Says That Hamas Uses Civilian Shields, Reviving Debate'']. ANNE BARNARD and JODI RUDOREN, ''The New York Times'', 23 July 2014</ref>

Israel says it takes precautions to avoid civilian casualties and collateral damage, making use if a variety of operational measures, including advance warnings and selective application of military force.<ref name=NYT_civilian_shields /><ref name="civilian casualties">[http://jcpa.org/israel-gaza-humanitarian-law-civilian-casualties/ Israel, Gaza and Humanitarian Law: Efforts to Limit Civilian Casualties], [[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|JCPA]]</ref> Following the current conflict, U.S. military, General [[Martin Dempsey]], Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that Israel went to "extraordinary lengths" to limit civilian casualties and collateral damage during its operation and that the Pentagon had sent a team to see what lessons could be learned from the operation.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-usa-gaza-idUSKBN0IQ2LH20141106 Israel tried to limit civilian casualties in Gaza: U.S. military chief], reuters, 6 Nov 2014</ref> While a study into a Legal and operational assessment of Israel's targeting practices, found that Israeli targeting practices and positions on the application of the law of armed conflict (LOAC) are broadly within the mainstream of contemporary state practice, and their approach to targeting is consistent with the law and, in many cases, worthy of emulation.<ref>[http://justsecurity.org/22392/legal-operational-assessment-israels-targeting-practices/#more-22392 A Legal and Operational Assessment of Israel's Targeting Practices]; By Michael Schmitt, Professor of International Law and Director of the Stockton Center for the Study of International Law at the U.S. Naval War College And John Merriam, a U.S. Army Judge Advocate currently serving as Associate Director of the Stockton Center.</ref> Example of advance warnings include phone messages and dropping leaflets, or by using the technique of [[roof knocking]] to warn citizens to evacuate their homes. However, this can also have the effect of worsening the humanitarian situation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/15/world/meast/mideast-israel-strike-warnings/index.html |title=Israeli military's 'knock on roof' warnings criticized |publisher=CNN|date=15 July 2014|author1=Tim Liste|author2=Salma Abdelaziz}}</ref>

International critics have said Israel's actions were disproportionate to Palestinian rocket attacks and that led to 2,220 Palestinians being killed in the war, of whom a vast majority were civilians according to figures given by UN.<ref name="IndepGaza">{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/fire-at-every-person-you-see-israeli-soldiers-reveal-they-were-ordered-to-shoot-to-kill-in-gaza--even-if-the-targets-may-have-been-civilians-10223427.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/fire-at-every-person-you-see-israeli-soldiers-reveal-they-were-ordered-to-shoot-to-kill-in-gaza--even-if-the-targets-may-have-been-civilians-10223427.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title='Fire at every person': Israeli soldiers reveal they were ordered to shoot to kill in Gaza combat zones – even if targets may have been civilians |work=[[The Independent]] |date=4 May 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A report by [[B'Tselem]] criticized Israel for bombing homes, which it says led to 606 people getting killed in 70 examined attacks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/28/israel-policy-targeting-gaza-homes-human-rights |title=Israeli rights group questions legality of targeting Gaza homes in war |work=[[theguardian.com]] |date=28 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/11372372/Israels-Gaza-house-bombing-policy-illegal-human-rights-group-says.html|title=Israel's Gaza house bombing policy illegal, human rights group says |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=28 January 2015}}</ref> [[Breaking the Silence (non-governmental organization)|Breaking the Silence]] said they collected testimonies from over 60 unnamed soldiers to a report which criticized Israel's rules of engagement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/04/israeli-soldiers-cast-doubt-on-legality-of-gaza-military-operation|title=Israeli soldiers cast doubt on legality of Gaza military tactics |work=[[theguardian.com]] |date=4 May 2015}}</ref> Alistair Dawber wrote in ''The Independent'' that the "service personnel paint a picture that runs counter to official Israeli military claims that the surgical operation – which became a full-blown conflict after three Israeli teenagers were kidnapped and murdered in the occupied West Bank - took great care to avoid civilian casualties and that Gaza's already fragile infrastructure was not unnecessarily targeted". The Israeli military said they were "committed to properly investigating all credible claims raised via media, NGOs, and official complaints concerning IDF conduct during operation Protective Edge, in as serious a manner as possible" and that they had done so before and that the group had offered no proof.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/04/israeli-soldiers-cast-doubt-on-legality-of-gaza-military-operation|title=Israeli soldiers cast doubt on legality of Gaza military tactics |work=[[theguardian.com]]|date=4 May 2015}}</ref> ''The Independent'' saw a letter where Breaking the Silence had contacted the Israeli military and requested a meeting with its chief of staff.<ref name="IndepGaza"/>

Israel has had a strained [[Israel and the United Nations|relationship]] with the United Nations.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} During the [[Gaza War (2008–09)|2008–09 Gaza War]], Israel shelled several UN schools.<ref name="alAkhbarUNRWA">{{cite news|last1=Hadi|first1=Ahmed|title=Gaza: Displaced Palestinians forced to leave UNRWA schools|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/20858|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709111603/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/20858|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2015|publisher=[[Al-Akhbar (Lebanon)|Al-Akhbar English]]|date=23 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=UNdragged>{{cite news|last1=Sherwood|first1=Harriet|title=UN dragged into conflict between Israel and Hamas in Gaza|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/un-dragged-conflict-israel-hamas-gaza|work=The Guardian|date=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=cnnHaven>{{cite news|last1=Mullen|first1=Jethro|title=In Gaza, safe havens appear to be anything but safe|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/31/world/meast/gaza-un-shelters/|publisher=CNN|date=31 July 2014}}</ref> Among them were the Boys School in [[Beit Lahiya]],<ref name=Mezan>[http://electronicintifada.net/content/un-school-attacked-civilians-left-bleed-death/919 ''UN school attacked; civilians left to bleed to death'']. Al Mezan Center For Human Rights, 17 January 2009</ref><ref name=BBC_timeline>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7812290.stm ''Gaza crisis: key maps and timeline'']. BBC, 18 January 2009</ref> the Asma Elementary School in Gaza City,<ref name=Guardian_carnage>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/07/gaza-israel-obama ''Gaza's day of carnage - 40 dead as Israelis bomb two UN schools'']. Chris McGreal and Hazem Balousha, The Guardian, 7 January 2009,</ref> [[Al-Fakhura school incident|the al-Fakhura school]] in [[Jabalia]]<ref name=cnnHaven /> and a school in [[Khan Younis]],<ref name=Ynet_Mortars_fired>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3651722,00.html ''IDF: Mortars fired from bombed school'']. Ynet, 6 January 2009</ref> which were run by the United Nations and were shelters for displaced persons.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-oks-gaza-humanitarian-corridor/ Israel OK's Gaza "Humanitarian Corridor"] ''[[CBS News]]''</ref> In one incident of a shelling on a UN warehouse also being used as a shelter, white phosphorus was used.<ref name=alAkhbarUNRWA/><ref name= UNdragged/>

In 2014, [[Gaza–Israel conflict]], over 5,000 homes have been destroyed and 30,000 other damaged by the IDF.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2014/07/31/5235-gaza-homes-destroyed-by-israel |title=5235 Gaza homes destroyed by Israel {{pipe}} MidEast |date=31 July 2014 |publisher=Daily Sabah |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> A total of 460,000 Palestinians have been displaced due to these factors, since the beginning of the current conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/emergency-reports/gaza-situation-report-24 |title=Gaza Situation Report 24 |publisher=UNRWA |date=1 June 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The [[United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East|UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East]] (UNRWA) operated over 245 institutions and schools across the Gaza Strip.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip |title=Where We Work |publisher=UNRWA |date=25 November 2013 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> The agency has been providing shelter to people displaced by the [[Gaza–Israel conflict]] since 12 July,<ref>[https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/DD595E6EC861F04585257D2D0057216C UNRWA GAZA SITUATION REPORT 15] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527082044/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/DD595E6EC861F04585257D2D0057216C |date=27 May 2015 }}</ref> eventually operating 89 shelters.<ref name=guardianUNRWAcloser/> Overall, there were seven incidents in which death or injuries occurred at, or damage was done to, UNRWA Shelters.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/> Of these three ([[#Beit_Hanoun_Elementary_Co-ed_School_A_.26_D|Beit Hanoun]], [[#Jabalia_Elementary_Girls_School_A_.26_B|Jabaliya]] and [[#Rafah_Preparatory_A_Boys_School|Rafah]]) resulted in numerous civilian casualties.<ref name=reutersHRW/><ref name=HRWInvestigation>{{cite news|title=Israel: In-Depth Look at Gaza School Attacks|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/11/israel-depth-look-gaza-school-attacks|work=Human Rights Watch|date=11 September 2014|quote=Three Israeli attacks that damaged Gaza schools housing displaced people caused numerous civilian casualties}}</ref> The other schools which were shelled include ones in Maghazi (hit twice),<ref name="No27">[https://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/47d4e277b48d9d3685256ddc00612265/68a77da9833c91cf85257d2a0067b495?OpenDocument Gaza Situation Report 27] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810171100/http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/47d4e277b48d9d3685256ddc00612265/68a77da9833c91cf85257d2a0067b495?OpenDocument |date=10 August 2014 }} United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. 4 August 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014</ref><ref name=UNRWA_2014-07-22>[http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-shelling-school-gaza-sheltering-civilians-and-calls ''UNRWA strongly condemns shelling of a school in Gaza sheltering civilians and calls for an investigation'']. UNRWA, 22 July 2014</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/wrap-847187289 |title=Gaza's humanitarian situation worsens as Egypt continues Rafah stranglehold |publisher=Middle East Eye |date=22 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> Deir El Balah<ref name="No27"/> and Zaitoun.<ref name="No27"/>

As of 24 July, UNRWA closed 23 facilities and Hamas took advantage of the closures to employ some of these vacant UNRWA buildings as weapon storage sites.<ref name=FP>Colum Lynch, [http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2014/07/24/un_relief_agency_under_attack_in_gaza_conflict "The U.N. Takes Fire in Gaza"], [[Foreign Policy]], 24 July 2014.</ref> On three separate occasions, Palestinian weapons and/or weapons components were found to have been placed in UNRWA schools – on 16, 22, and 29 July.<ref name="UNRWA"/><ref name="unrwa.org"/><ref name="By Nidal al-Mughrabi and Maayan Lubell"/><ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry">[http://blog.unwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/Board-of-Inquiry.pdf Summary of the report of the United Nations Headquarters Board of Inquiry], by the Secretary-General</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-condemns-placement-rockets-second-time-one-its-schools|title=UNRWA condemns placement of rockets, for a second time, in one of its schools}}</ref> UNRWA denounced the actions as "flagrant violations of the inviolability of its premises".<ref>{{cite news|title=UNRWA Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School|url=http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-placement-rockets-school|access-date=13 September 2014|work=UNRWA|date=17 July 2014}}</ref> UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon charged the fact that UN facilities were used by Palestinian militant involved in the fighting to store their weaponry and, in two cases, probably to fire from is "unacceptable".<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/><ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/UNs-Secretary-General-Palestinian-militants-put-UN-schools-at-risk-during-Gaza-war-399342 UN Secretary General: Palestinian militants put UN schools at risk during Gaza war], Jerusalem post</ref>

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights [[Navi Pillay]] said on 31 July 2014 that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes.<ref name=AP_war_crimes>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/gaza-conflict-israel-hamas-both-committing-war-crimes-un-official-says-1.2723446 ''Gaza conflict: Israel, Hamas both committing war crimes, UN official says''] Associated Press, 31 July 2014</ref>

Israel said on 20 November 2014 that it would cooperate with a UN investigation established by U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon because it was "an authentic investigation with potential for us to improve our performance in the course of conflict and learn from our mistakes."<ref>{{cite news|last=al-Mughrabi|first=Nidal|title=Israel to cooperate with U.N. Gaza war inquiry|journal=[[Reuters]]|date=20 November 2014|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-israel-un-idUSKCN0J41BM20141120|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref>

According to an investigation by [[Human Rights Watch]], "Three Israeli attacks that damaged Gaza schools housing displaced people caused numerous civilian casualties in violation of the laws of war".<ref name=reutersHRW/> It also criticized Palestinian militant groups for three unrelated cases where weapons and/or weapons components were found in vacant UNRWA schools and Israel for occupying one UNRWA school for military purposes.<ref name=HRWInvestigation/>

The [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] stated that "[[Hamas]] chooses where these battles are conducted and, despite Israel's best efforts to prevent civilian casualties, Hamas is ultimately responsible for the tragic loss of civilian life. Specifically in the case of UN facilities, it is important to note the repeated abuse of UN facilities by Hamas, namely with at least three cases of munitions storage within such facilities."<ref name=guardianUNRWAcloser/> Israel has criticized the [[United Nations Human Rights Council|UNHRC]] as biased and announced its own investigation into one incident (Beit Hanoun). Human rights groups have expressed skepticism, with Human Rights Watch, stating "Israel has a long record of failing to undertake credible investigations into alleged war crimes"<ref name=reutersHRW/> and [[B'Tselem]] refusing to participate in the investigations.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kershner|first1=Isabel|title=Israel, Facing Criticism, to Investigate Possible Military Misconduct in Gaza|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/11/world/middleeast/gaza-strip-israel-criminal-investigation.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times|date=10 September 2014|location=Tel Aviv}}</ref>

==Schools attacked==

===Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D===
During the 2014 conflict, the area surrounding the [[Beit Hanoun]] school was particularly dangerous and, as hostilities intensified, the entire area was exposed to fierce combat. The school was designated as a shelter on 18 July and was hit by indirect artillery fire on 24 July.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/>

During the three or four days leading to the incident Israel's Coordination and Liaison Administration (CLA) have issued multiple warnings indicating that, rockets were being fired from and around the school and that it needed to be evacuated.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/> On the day prior to the incident, the situation around the school worsened. The ICRC attempted to evacuate the school, but the majority of the residents refused to leave. During that night shrapnel and gunfire hit the school. In the morning military activity appeared to have de-escalated and most people chose to leave, decreased their number to approx 450.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/>

On 24 July, the day of the incident, the IDF warned that it was about to target objectives 800 meters from the school. Given the risk, UNRWA decided to evacuate its staff as well. UNRWA stated that they contacted the CLA and repeatedly requested that a window of opportunity be granted for this purpose, but no such window was granted by the time of the incident. An attempt was made by UNRWA to persuade remaining residents of the school to leave, but they said that they would remain. UNRWA called the CLA and stated that UNRWA would not be evacuating the residents.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/> Later, after some persuasion, the remaining residents choose to leave, but while awaiting evacuation, the school was hit by indirect artillery fires, resulting in 11 being killed, including seven children, two women,<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pchrgaza.org/portal/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10536:on-the-18th-day-of-the-israeli-offensive-on-gaza-israeli-warplane-attack-shelter-of-displaced-civilians-killing-11-and-wounding-dozens-israeli-forces-attack-medical-crews-and-ambulances-israeli-forces-attack-gaza-from-the-air-the-sea-and-the-ground-m&catid=36:pchrpressreleases&Itemid=194 |title=Palestinian Center for Human Rights |publisher=Pchrgaza.org |date=25 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910065354/http://www.pchrgaza.org/portal/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10536:on-the-18th-day-of-the-israeli-offensive-on-gaza-israeli-warplane-attack-shelter-of-displaced-civilians-killing-11-and-wounding-dozens-israeli-forces-attack-medical-crews-and-ambulances-israeli-forces-attack-gaza-from-the-air-the-sea-and-the-ground-m&catid=36:pchrpressreleases&Itemid=194 |archive-date=10 September 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and one UN staff member.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2014/07/24/gaza-fighting-rages-amid-cease-fire-efforts |title=UN school in Gaza caught in cross-fire; 15 killed |publisher=US News |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> Additionally, 110 were wounded, including 55 children and 31 women.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28468526 |title=BBC News - Gaza UN school shelter hit, 'killing 13' |publisher=Bbc.com |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref>

A senior Israel military officer initially stated that the school shelling could have been caused by Israeli forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/news/update/2014-07-24/israels-errant-fire-could-have-caused-school-shelling/ |title=Israel's 'errant fire could have caused school shelling' - ITV News |publisher=Itv.com |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> Several other Gaza rockets have landed in Beit Hanoun and the IDF had not ruled out one of these rockets landing on the school.<ref>{{cite web|last=Arens |first=Moshe |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.607138 |title=Source of deadly attack on Gaza UNRWA school remains unclear - Diplomacy and Defense Israel News |publisher=Haaretz |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> Gaza authorities however said that the school was shelled by Israeli forces.<ref>{{cite web|author =IBRAHIM BARZAK |author2=PETER ENAV |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/24/un-school-gaza-shelled_n_5616956.html |title=UN School in Gaza Hit By Shells, At Least 15 Dead (UPDATED) |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref>

The IDF on 27 July announced that they had concluded their investigation into the UNRWA deaths. They stated that one IDF mortar bomb had landed in a courtyard of the school but caused no injuries, and that the damage that caused the casualties was not caused by the IDF and UNRWA confirmed rockets fired by Hamas landed in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/07/27/israel-says-deaths-in-unrwa-school-were-not-caused-by-idf-fire/ |title=Israel Says Deaths in UNRWA School Were Not Caused by Israeli Fire {{pipe}} Jewish & Israel News |publisher=Algemeiner.com |date=27 July 2014 |access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> The UN stated that they will be conducting their own investigation as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/27/world/meast/mideast-crisis/|title=Israeli military rejects blame for deaths at U.N. Shelter|website=[[CNN]]|date=27 July 2014}}</ref>

UNRWA rejected the IDF's account, and stated that the initial shell that struck the school was followed by several others within minutes.<ref name="TWSDGaurdian">{{cite news|last1=Sherwood|first1=Harriet|last2=Balousha|first2=Hazem|title='The world stands disgraced' – Israeli shelling of school kills at least 15|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/30/world-disgrace-gaza-un-shelter-school-israel|access-date=7 August 2014|work=The Guardian|date=31 July 2014}}</ref> UNRWA's preliminary investigation indicated that the school was shelled by the Israel Defense Forces.<ref name="No27"/>

Reporters who visited the school shortly after the attack said that the damage and debris that they observed was consistent with mortar rounds.<ref name="TWSDGaurdian"/>

According to the Human Rights Watch investigation, the school was hit four times in short succession, and that the Israeli account was "implausible". It concluded that Israeli shells hit the schools. Regarding an Israeli statement that it asked [[ICRC]] to help evacuate the facility, but "Hamas prevented civilians from evacuating the area during the window that the IDF [Israel Defense Forces] gave them", Human Rights Watch stated that it found no evidence that Hamas had prevented anyone from leaving. The ICRC stated that it received no request from Israel to evacuate.<ref name=HRWInvestigation/>

The UN investigation found that the incident was attributable to the IDF.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/>

===Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B===
The UNRWA School is located in a heavily built up area in the center of the [[Jabalia Camp]]. In the weeks and days prior to the incident, there were several incidents of shelling by the IDF of buildings in the vicinity of the School. In the days prior to the incident, armed clashes between militants and the IDF were talking place in the east of the Jabalia Camp and the IDF dropped leaflets requesting residents to move to Gaza City. However, witnesses interviewed by UNRWA had stated that there was no militant activity in the school or in its close vicinity, though one stated that she had heard rockets not far from the school in the days before the incident.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/>

At some time between 04:30 and 04:45 in the morning of 30 July, an explosion occurred outside the school, causing shrapnel to fall into the schoolyard. At approximately 04:45, the school was hit by a barrage of four 155 MM high explosive (HE) projectiles, an artillery indirect fire weapon. Between 17 and 18 people were killed and 99 suffered injuries.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/>

IDF officials acknowledged that five tank shells hit the school when soldiers responded to [[Mortar (weapon)|Mortar]] fire from the vicinity of the school.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Rockets-found-at-UNRWA-school-for-third-time-369358|title = IDF accuses Palestinians of firing from vicinity of UNRWA school, says probing deaths| date=30 July 2014 }}</ref> The IDF stated that Palestinian militants were firing about 200 yards away.<ref name=guardianUNRWAcloser/><ref name="NYTQue">New York Times, [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/04/world/middleeast/international-scrutiny-after-israeli-barrage-strike-in-jabaliya-where-united-nations-school-shelters-palestinians-in-gaza.html "Questions of Weapons and Warnings in Past Barrage on a Gaza Shelter"], By BEN HUBBARD and JODI RUDOREN 3 August 2014</ref> A journalist from ''[[The New York Times]]'' who visited Jalabi days after the incident stated that no one they had interviewed had seen "Palestinian fighters or Israeli soldiers in the area... and there were no bullet holes or empty casings suggesting close clashes [in the area]."<ref name="NYTQue"/> The UNRWA stated that Israel had been informed 17 times of the shelter's location, in order to avoid it.<ref name=UNRWA_no-sanctuary>[http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/features/no-sanctuary-gaza ''No Sanctuary in Gaza'']. UNWRA, 5 August 2014</ref>

According to the Human Rights Watch Investigation, "at least one shell apparently hit the roof of a classroom on the second floor where women and children were sleeping. Another shell hit the courtyard." It stated that Israel provided no evidence or information to suggest militants were operating in the area and that it "has not explained why, even if it were responding to militants' mortar fire, it used a weapon as indiscriminate as a high-explosive heavy-artillery shell so near to a UN school housing displaced people."<ref name=HRWInvestigation/>

Following the incident, White House Press Secretary [[Josh Earnest]] condemned the shelling in his daily press briefing on 31 July 2014. He stated that "the shelling of a U.N. facility that is housing innocent civilians who are fleeing violence is totally unacceptable and totally indefensible. And it is clear that we need our allies in Israel to do more to live up to the high standards that they have set for themselves".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/07/31/press-briefing-press-secretary-josh-earnest-7312014 |title=Press Briefing by Press Secretary Josh Earnest, 7/31/2014 |date=31 July 2014 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |access-date=28 August 2015}}</ref>

===Rafah Preparatory A Boys School===
The school is located in the densely populated city of [[Rafah]], in the southern tip of the Gaza Strip. On the day of the incident it was sheltering approx. 2,700 to 2,900 persons.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/> Between 10:40 and 10:45 of 3 August, a precision-guided missile, launched from the air by the IDF, struck the road outside the school, five to six meters from the school gate. Fifteen persons who were in the vicinity of the gate at the time were killed.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/>

The [[Palestine Red Crescent Society]] announced that the attack occurred while people were in line to get food from aid workers.<ref>[http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/international/gaza-militant-leader-dies-in-strike-1.505361 Gaza militant leader dies in strike] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914032827/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/international/gaza-militant-leader-dies-in-strike-1.505361 |date=14 September 2014 }} Press Association. 4 August 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014</ref> Robert Turner, director of operations for the U.N. Palestinian refugee agency in Gaza, said the strike killed at least one UN staffer.<ref>[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israeli-begins-redeploying-along-gaza-border Israel withdraws most troops from Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826211051/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israeli-begins-redeploying-along-gaza-border |date=26 August 2014 }} ''[[Associated Press]]''</ref> The attack was denounced by the UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon as a "moral outrage" and "criminal act", and condemned by the US State Department as disgraceful.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28632287|title=BBC News - Gaza crisis: Rafah school strike 'criminal' - UN chief|work=BBC News|date=3 August 2014|access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/03/us-appalled-disgraceful-israeli-shelling-gaza-un-school|title=US 'appalled' by 'disgraceful' Israeli shelling of Gaza UN school {{pipe}} World news {{pipe}} theguardian.com|work=The Guardian|date=3 August 2014|access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/03/israel-air-strike-un-school-gaza-rafah|title=Gaza school attack denounced as 'criminal act' by UN chief {{pipe}} World news {{pipe}} theguardian.com|work=The Guardian|date=3 August 2014|access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="huffingtonpost">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/03/un-school-shelling-_n_5645771.html|title=State Department Condemns 'Disgraceful' Shelling of U.N. School in Gaza|date=3 August 2014|publisher=huffingtonpost.com|access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="unrwa">{{cite web|url=http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/unrwa-condemns-israeli-strike-next-unrwa-school-killing-civilians|title=UNRWA Condemns Israeli Strike Next to UNRWA School Killing Civilians {{pipe}} UNRWA|publisher=unrwa.org|access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

The Government of Israel stated to the UN Board of Inquiry that an examination of the incident was being undertaken at the request of the Military Advocate General (MAG). The IDF had fired an aerial-launched missile at the motorcycle, which had been carrying three militants from Palestinian Islamic Jihad. By the time that it became apparent that the strike would coincide with the motorcycle passing by the school gate, it had no longer been possible to divert the missile.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/> Human Rights Watch, 2014 report, questioned the circumstances of the incident and Israeli stated target, saying that Israel has offered no convincing information.<ref name=HRWInvestigation/> The UN Board of Inquiry 2015 report confirmed that the missile had been directed at a motorcycle carrying three individuals.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/>

===Table===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! # !! School !! Date !! Killed !! Wounded !! Place
|-

| 1 || Maghazi Preparatory Girls School A & B || 21 July 2014<ref name="No27"/><ref name=UNRWA_2014-07-22 />|| || || [[Maghazi (camp)|Maghazi Camp]]
|-

| 2 || Maghazi Preparatory Girls School A & B || 22 July 2014<ref name=UNRWA_2014-07-22 /> || – || 1<ref name=UNRWA_2014-07-22 /> || [[Maghazi (camp)|Maghazi Camp]]
|-

| 3 || Deir El Balah Preparatory Girls School C || 23 July 2014<ref name="No27"/> || – || 5<ref name="Guardian24">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2014/jul/24/gaza-crisis-palestinian-death-toll-passes-700-live-updates Gaza crisis: UN claims Israel did not allow evacuation from shelter before strikes - as it happened] ''The Guardian''. 24 July 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014</ref> || [[Deir al-Balah]]<ref name="Guardian24"/>
|-

| 4 || Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D || 24 July 2014 || 15<ref>[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48341#.U9n6-mM4f9c 'Appalled' by attack on UN-run school in Gaza, Ban urges halt to all fighting] ''United Nations News Centre''</ref> || 200<ref>[http://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0724/632725-israel-gaza/ 15 killed as Israel bombs UN school in Gaza, three shot dead at West Bank protest] ''[[RTÉ.ie]]''</ref> || [[Beit Hanoun]]
|-

| 5 || Zaitoun Preparatory Girls School B || 29 July 2014.<ref name="No27"/> || || || [[Zeitoun, Gaza|Zeitoun]]
|-

| 6 || Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B || 29 July 2014<ref name=UNRWA_no-sanctuary /><ref name=UNRWA_strongly_condemns>[http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/unrwa-strongly-condemns-israeli-shelling-its-school-gaza-serious ''UNRWA Strongly Condemns Israeli Shelling of Its School in Gaza as a Serious Violation of International Law'']. UNRWA, 30 July 2014</ref> || 15<ref name="Reuters">[https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-gaza-idINKBN0FZ04E20140731 Carnage at U.N. school as Israel pounds Gaza Strip], 30 July 2014, [[Reuters]]</ref>-20<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/israeli-tank-opens-fire-gaza-refugee-camp-article-1.1885121 United Nations secretary general rips Israel for attacking school that sheltered Gaza refugees, killing 20] ''[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]''</ref> || 100+<ref name="Reuters"/><ref>[http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/30/deadly-israeli-shellinghitsgazaunschool.html Israeli shells hit second UN school sheltering Gaza refugees] ''[[Al Jazeera English|Aljazeera]]''</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/30/world-disgrace-gaza-un-shelter-school-israel UN: 'world stands disgraced' as shelter for Gaza children is shelled by Israel], 30 July 2014, [[The Guardian]]</ref> || [[Jabalia Camp]]
|-

| 7 || Rafah Preparatory A Boys School<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israelgaza-conflict-ban-kimoon-declares-israeli-attack-on-un-school-a-criminal-act-9645278.html Ban Ki-moon declares Israeli attack on UN school 'a criminal act'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925193637/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israelgaza-conflict-ban-kimoon-declares-israeli-attack-on-un-school-a-criminal-act-9645278.html |date=25 September 2015 }} ''The Independent''. 3 August 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014</ref> || 3 August 2014 || at least 10<ref name=AJ_2014-08-04>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/israeli-bombardment-claims-lives-gaza-20148372122193560.html ''UN voices outrage over Gaza school strike'']. Al Jazeera, 4 August 2014</ref> || 35<ref>[http://www.wbur.org/2014/08/03/israel-6 UN Chief: Attack At School In Gaza 'Criminal Act'] ''[[WBUR-FM]]''</ref> || [[Rafah]]
|-

| colspan=3 | '''Total''' || 40+ including 10+ UN staff members || 341+ ||
|}

==Reactions==
* {{flag|UN}} – [[Ban Ki-moon]], Secretary-General of United Nations, condemned the Jubalia Camp incident at the school, describing it as "unjustifiable".<ref>[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/07/30/Israel-bombs-U-N-school-in-Gaza-kills-20.html U.S., U.N. slam Israel over Gaza school attack] ''[[Al Arabiya]]''</ref> After the 29 July incident, he pointed out that the precise location of this school had been communicated to the Israeli military authorities 17 times. He said: "Nothing is more shameful than attacking sleeping children"<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28573674 US and UN condemn school shelling] ''[[BBC]]''</ref> Ban Ki-moon described the attack on Rafah school as a "moral outrage and a criminal act" and called for those responsible for the "gross violation of international humanitarian law" to be held accountable.<ref name="reuters-rafah">{{cite news|last1=al-Mughrabi|first1=Nidal|last2=Williams|first2=Dan|title=Censured over shelter deaths, Israel declares seven-hour Gaza truce|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-gaza-idUSKBN0G008720140804|access-date=4 August 2014|work=[[Reuters]]|date=3 August 2014}}</ref>
** {{flag|UNRWA}} - [[Pierre Krähenbühl]], Commissioner-General of the UNRWA, said: "Our shelters are overflowing. Tens of thousands may soon be stranded in the streets of Gaza, without food, water and shelter if attacks on these areas continue."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140729092546/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/gaza/10997123/Israel-Gaza-conflict-live.html Israel-Gaza conflict - live] ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''</ref> "We have moved beyond what humanitarian action alone can deal with. This is now the time for political action. It is the time for accountability," he said. Krähenbühl described the Jubalia Camp incident as "probably one of the most tragic protection failures that the international community has witnessed." Asked to explain the scale of the civilian suffering to an Arab news station, UNRWA spokesman [[Chris Gunness]] simply burst into tears. "We have reached breaking point; our staff are being killed, our shelters overflowing", he adds.<ref name="reuters-unrwa">{{cite news|last1=Al-Mughrabi|first1=Nidal|last2=Browning|first2=Noah|title=Under fire and out of cash, U.N. overwhelmed by Gaza crisis|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-gaza-un-idUSKBN0G01DL20140731|access-date=31 July 2014|work=[[Reuters]]|date=31 July 2014}}</ref>
* {{flag|USA}} – A White House spokesman, said: "We are extremely concerned that thousands of internally displaced Palestinians who have been called on by the Israeli military to evacuate their homes are not safe in UN-designated shelters in Gaza." They continued by condemning "those responsible for hiding weapons in United Nations facilities in Gaza."<ref>[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/30/us-condemns-israeli-shelling-shelter-gaza/ U.S. condemns shelling of U.N. school in Gaza] ''[[Washington Times]]''</ref> US State Department said in a statement that the US is "appalled" by the "disgraceful shelling" outside the school in Rafah and urged Israel to do more to avoid civilian casualties.<ref name="reuters-rafah" />
* {{flag|France}} – [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development (France)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] condemned Israeli military attack that rocked a United Nations school in Jubalia in Gaza's biggest refugee camp.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140803031627/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-07/31/c_126816368.htm France condemns Israeli shelling on UN school in Gaza] ''[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]]''</ref>

==See also==
*[[Israel and the United Nations]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{YouTube|id=awmIZoBZ-4k|title=Attack on UN school in Gaza}}
*[https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2014/jul/31/un-spokesman-chris-gunness-breaks-down-during-aljazeera-interview-video Video: UN spokesman Chris Gunness breaks down during interview on Gaza] ''[[The Guardian]]''

{{2014 Israel–Gaza conflict}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, 2014}}
[[Category:2014 Gaza War]]
[[Category:July 2014 in Asia]]
[[Category:August 2014 in Asia]]
[[Category:Violations of medical neutrality during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]
[[Category:Israeli war crimes]]
[[Category:UNRWA]]
[[Category:2014 building bombings]]
[[Category:School bombings in the Gaza Strip]]
[[Category:Attacks on schools in 2014]]

Ima Machet Icha Tangkhai

2026-02-23T05:53:11Z

Samyakk clothing: Made data

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Ima Machet Icha Tangkhai
|image = File:Ima_Machet_Icha_Tangkhai_Poster.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Theatrical release poster
|director = Khoibam Homeshwori
|producer = Chingsubam Khumanleima
|writer = Ranjit Ningthouja
|screenplay =
|story =
|starring = [[Gokul Athokpam]] [[Gurumayum Bonny]] [[Abenao Elangbam]] [[Soma Laishram]] Luwangthoibi Chanu
|music = Nongmaithem Ibomcha Nanao Sagolmang
|cinematography = Regan Kh.
|editing = Regan Kh.
|studio = Luwang Films
|distributor = Luwang Films
|released = {{Film date|df=y|2021|11|07}}
|runtime = 147 minutes
|country = [[India]]
|language = [[Meitei language|Meiteilon]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])

}}
'''''Ima Machet Icha Tangkhai''''' (English: ''Partly Mother, Half Child'') is a 2021 [[Cinema of Manipur|Manipuri film]] directed by Khoibam Homeshwori and produced by Chingsubam Khumanleima for Luwang Films. It stars [[Gokul Athokpam]], [[Gurumayum Bonny]], [[Abenao Elangbam]], [[Soma Laishram]] and Luwangthoibi Chanu. The movie was released on 7 November 2021 at Manipur State Film Development Society in the Palace Compound, [[Imphal]], with [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|MP]] and titular king [[Leishemba Sanajaoba]] attending as the chief guest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/10801/making-effort-to-turn-manipur-cultural-university-into-full-fledged-central-university-mp-leishamba-sanajaoba|title=Making effort to turn Manipur Cultural University into full-fledged Central university: MP Leishamba Sanajaoba|work=[[Imphal Free Press]]|date=8 November 2021}} - {{Cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/11/8/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Nov-7-Rajya-Sabha-MP-Leishemba-Sanajaoba-has-reiterated-his-commitm.amp.html|title=MP reiterates commitment to upgrade MUC|work=The Sangai Express|date=8 November 2021}} - {{Cite web|url=https://themorningbell.in/mp-sanajaoba-stresses-on-child-development/|title=MP Sanajaoba stresses on child development|work=The Morning Bell|access-date=12 July 2022|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183702/https://themorningbell.in/mp-sanajaoba-stresses-on-child-development/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was also screened at the Sangai Film Festival 2022, which was organised as a part of the Manipur Sangai Festival.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/sangai-film-festival-opens-to-screen-15-films|title=Sangai Film Festival opens; to screen 15 films|accessdate=8 October 2024|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]]|archive-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008062359/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/sangai-film-festival-opens-to-screen-15-films|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=30..251122.nov22|title=Sangai Film Festival 2022 underway|via=Chronicle News Service|accessdate=8 October 2024|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.movies.The_Sangai_Film_Festival_2022_By_James_Khangenbam|title=The Sangai Film Festival, 2022|author=James Khangembam|accessdate=8 October 2024|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/festival/sangai-festival-2022-stage-set-for-five-day-free-sangai-film-festival|title=Sangai Festival 2022: Stage set for five-day free Sangai film festival|accessdate=8 October 2024|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]]|archive-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008062359/https://www.ifp.co.in/festival/sangai-festival-2022-stage-set-for-five-day-free-sangai-film-festival|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Gokul Athokpam]] as Leibakchao
* [[Gurumayum Bonny]] as Sanahal
* [[Abenao Elangbam]] as Thambal
* [[Soma Laishram]] as Sakhenbi
* Luwangthoibi Chanu as Sajikhombi and Thabatombi (dual role)
* Idhou (Chakpram Rameshchandra) as Lukhoi
* Ningthoujam Jayvidya as Sakhenbi's father
* Takhellambam Lokendra as Sanahal's father
* Khoibam Homeshwori as Sanahal's mother
* Laishram Lalitabi as Ene
* Khoirom Sangeeta as Teacher
* Santajit

==Soundtrack==
Nongmaithem Ibomcha and Nanao Sagolmang composed the soundtrack for the film. The lyrics were written by Biramangol Mekola and Rajmani Ayekpam. The two songs in the movie are "Nungshi Nungol Houna Tha" and "Ichadi Chaore".

{{Infobox album
| name = Ima Machet Icha Tangkhai
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Nongmaithem Ibomcha, [[Pushparani Huidrom]], Gaganpriya Kabrambam
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 25 June 2021
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=09|s=48}}
| label = Luwang Films
| producer = Chingsubam Khumanleima
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length ={{Duration|m=09|s=48}}

| title1 = Nungshi Nungol Houna Tha
| extra1 = Nongmaithem Ibomcha, [[Pushparani Huidrom]]
| music1 = Nongmaithem Ibomcha
| lyrics1 = Biramangol Mekola
| length1 = 05:30

| title2 = Ichadi Chaore
| extra2 = [[Pushparani Huidrom]], Gaganpriya Kabrambam
| music2 = Nanao Sagolmang
| lyrics2 = Rajmani Ayekpam
| length2 = 04:18
}}

== Reception ==
Writing for ''The Sangai Express'', Rajmani Ayekpam opined that "''Ima Machet Icha Tangkhai'', one of the few films after pandemic is worth mentioning because of both its aesthetic value and entertainment spices."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/4/20/Rajmani-AyekpamIt-s-really-an-encouraging-sign-that-even-the-pandemic-has-not-slowed-down-the-mome.html|title=Ima Machet Icha Tangkhai – A Film Review|date=20 April 2022|last=Ayekpam|first=Rajmani|work=The Sangai Express}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Award
!Category
!Winner's name
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| 14th Manipur State Film Awards 2022
| Best Child Artist
| Luwangthoibi Chanu
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2022/04/09/in-pics-guv-distributes-14th-manipur-state-film-awards-2022/ |title=In pics: Guv distributes 14th Manipur State Film Awards 2022 |access-date=23 October 2024 |website=eastmojo.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hynews.in/article/entertainment/14th-manipur-state-film-award-romi-meitei-rsquo-s-lsquo-eikhoigi-yum-rsquo-wins-best-feature-film-bishesh-huirem-wins-best-actor-transgender/1959 |title=14th Manipur State Film Award: Romi Meitei's 'Eikhoigi Yum' Wins Best Feature Film, Bishesh Huirem Wins Best Actor (Transgender) |access-date=23 October 2024 |website=hynews.in}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6"|10th MANIFA 2022
| Best Supporting Actor - Female
| [[Soma Laishram]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="6"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=51..130422.apr22|title=10th MANIFA film festival on May 15|access-date=23 September 2024|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themorningbell.in/thouna-film-film-forum-manipur-to-hold-10th-manifa-on-may-15/|title=Thouna Film, Film Forum Manipur to hold 10th MANIFA on May 15|access-date=23 September 2024|website=themorningbell.in}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hynews.in/article/state/10th-manipuri-film-awards-2022-artists-honored-in-26-categories/2302|title=10th Manipuri Film Awards 2022; Artists Honored In 26 Categories|access-date=23 September 2024|website=hynews.in}}</ref>
|-
| Best Choreography
| Thiyam Menaka
| {{nominated}}
|-
| Best Lyricist
| Biramangol Mekola for the song "Nungsi Nungol Houna Tha"
| {{nominated}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer - Male
| Nongmaithem Ibomcha for the song "Nungsi Nungol Houna Tha"
| {{nominated}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer - Female
| [[Pushparani Huidrom]] for the song "Nungsi Nungol Houna Tha"
| {{nominated}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actor - Male
| [[Gurumayum Bonny]]
| {{nominated}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdJYlI-OOXo|title=IMA MACHET ICHA TANGKHAI Trailer|via=YouTube}}

[[Category:2020s Meitei-language films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Cinema of Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Nadeem–Shravan

2026-02-22T16:01:27Z

Samyakk clothing: minor update

{{Short description|Indian music composer duo}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Nadeem Saifi Shravan Rathod
| image = Shravan Kumar at the special screening of 'Bol Bachchan' 20.jpg
| image_upright =
| background = group_or_band
| genre = [[Soundtrack album|Soundtrack]], [[Music of Bollywood|Bollywood]], [[filmi]], [[filmi-ghazal]], [[ghazal]], [[Romance (love)|romantic]], [[Indian Classical music|Indian classical]], [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupations = Music directors, composer, music producers, singers, instrumentalists
| years_active = 1977{{ndash}}2005, 2009, 2016{{endash}}present
| current_members = {{ubl|Shravan Rathod (until 22 April 2021)|Nadeem Akhtar Saifi}}
|alias =Nadeem–Shravan

}}

'''Nadeem–Shravan''' is an Indian composer duo in the [[Bollywood]] film industry of India. They derive their name from the first names of '''Nadeem Akhtar Saifi''' (born 6 August 1954) and '''Shravan Kumar Rathod''' (13 November 1954 – 22 April 2021).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/music-composer-shravan-rathod-of-nadeem-shravan-duo-passes-away-due-to-covid-at-66/articleshow/82208018.cms | title=Music composer Shravan Rathod, of Nadeem-Shravan duo, passes away due to Covid at 66 | newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] | date=23 April 2021 | accessdate=23 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gulte.com/movienews/82318/music-composer-shravan-rathod-dies-of-covid-19|title=Music Composer Shravan Rathod Dies Of Covid-19|work=Gulte|date=22 April 2021|access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref>

Nadeem–Shravan was one of the most successful [[Bollywood music]] directors of the 1990s until the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. k Ajith |date=2021-04-23 |title=Nadeem-Shravan made 1990s Bollywood melodious |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/nadeem-shravan-made-1990s-bollywood-melodious/article34391928.ece |access-date=2022-05-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> They displayed a strong influence of Hindustani (classical / semi-classical) music in their compositions, and were the only composers during the 1990s and 2000s who relied heavily on three particular instruments: the [[bansuri]], the [[sitar]] and the [[shehnai]] in almost all of their songs. By using these instruments in a modern way without disconnecting them from their original value, their contribution is unique compared to some rising music directors evolving a new music style beginning in the mid-1990s. They are considered one of the most successful and greatest music composers in Hindi cinema history.

Their breakthrough soundtrack album was ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), which sold 20 million units in India,<ref name="india-today"/> and became the best-selling [[Bollywood soundtrack]] album of all time.<ref name="boi90s">{{cite web|date=2 January 2010|title=Music Hits 1990–1999 (Figures in Units)|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010439/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5|archive-date=2 January 2010|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> Nadeem–Shravan were also behind many of the other best-selling Bollywood soundtrack albums of the 1990s.<ref name="boi90s"/> Their success helped establish the music label [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref name="Nihalani">{{cite book|last1=Nihalani|first1=Govind|last2=Chatterjee|first2=Saibal|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|date=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=9788179910665|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT44|language=en}}</ref> The duo's career temporarily came to a halt with the murder of T-Series founder [[Gulshan Kumar]] by [[Mumbai underworld]] syndicate [[D-Company]], with Nadeem Akhtar Saifi initially accused of involvement, before later being [[exonerated]]. The duo eventually made a comeback in the 2000s.

Nadeem–Shravan composed soundtracks for many [[Hindi films]], including ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), ''[[Saajan]]'' (1991), ''[[Phool Aur Kaante]]'' (1991), ''[[Sadak]]'' (1991), ''[[Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin]]'' (1991), ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'' (1992), ''[[Sapne Sajan Ke|Sapne Saajan Ke]]'' (1992), ''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke]]'' (1993), ''[[Rang (1993 film)|Rang]]'' (1993), ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]'' (1994), ''[[Aatish: Feel the Fire]]'' (1994), ''[[Salaami]]'' (1994), ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]'' (1995), ''[[Barsaat (1995 film)|Barsaat]]'' (1995), ''[[Agni Sakshi (1996 film)|Agni Sakshi]]'' (1996), ''[[Jeet (1996 film)|Jeet]]'' (1996), ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' (1996), ''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]'' (1996), ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]'' (1997), ''[[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]]'' (1997), ''[[Mohabbat (1997 film)|Mohabbat]]'' (1997), ''[[Maharaja (1998 film)|Maharaja]]'' (1998), ''[[Sirf Tum]]'' (1999), ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]'' (2000), ''[[Kasoor]]'' (2001), ''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love|Ek Rishtaa]]'' (2001), ''[[Jeena Sirf Merre Liye]]'' (2002), ''[[Yeh Dil Aashiqanaa]]'' (2002), ''[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]'' (2002), ''[[Dil Hai Tumhaara]]'' (2002), ''[[Haan Maine Bhi Pyaar Kiya]]'' (2002), ''[[Dil Ka Rishta]]'' (2003), ''[[Andaaz]]'' (2003), ''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat|Qayamat]]'' (2003), ''[[Tumsa Nahin Dekha (2004 film)|Tumsa Nahi Dekha]]'' (2004) and ''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafaa]]'' (2005), ''[[Barsaat (2005 film)|Barsaat]]'' (2005), [[Dosti: Friends Forever|''Dosti'']] (2005) among others.

Their most commonly featured and favorite singers include "Trio" [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Udit Narayan]] but other Hindi playback singers like [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Sushma Shrestha|Poornima]], [[Jaspinder Narula]], [[K. S. Chithra]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Pankaj Udhas]], [[Mohammed Aziz]], [[Sudesh Bhosle]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], [[Shabbir Kumar]], [[Nitin Mukesh]], [[Roop Kumar Rathod]], [[Vinod Rathod]], [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Amit Kumar]], [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Gurdas Maan]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Babul Supriyo]], [[Manhar Udhas]], [[Bali Brahmbhatt]], [[Jolly Mukherjee]], [[Sapna Mukherjee]], [[Alisha Chinoy]], [[Anwar (singer)|Anwar]], [[Vijay Benedict]], [[Sunanda (singer)|Sunanda]], [[Sapna Awasthi]], Sarika Kapoor and many others have sung under their baton. Veteran singer [[Mohammed Rafi]] also sang for them in their film Dangal and [[Kishore Kumar]] in the film [[Ilaaka]]. Singers [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Asha Bhosle]] also sang in few albums for the duo.

==Music career==
[[File:Shravan Kumar at the special screening of 'Bol Bachchan' 20.jpg|thumb|200px|Shravan Kumar Rathod, one half of the Nadeem–Shravan duo, in 2012.]]
The association of Nadeem Akhtar Saifi and Shravan dates back to 1973 when they met each other at a function. Their first film assignment was ''[[Dangal (1977 film)|Dangal]]'', a Bhojpuri movie in 1973 (released in 1977) which featured the popular Bhojpuri song "Kashi hile, Patna hile" sung by [[Manna Dey]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Ultra Regional|title=Kashi Hile Patna Hile, Manna Dey, Dangal – Bhojpuri Romantic Song|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qYTMU8jHS4|access-date=2 January 2019}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref> Their first Hindi movie assignment was ''Maine Jeena Seekh Liya'' in 1981 sung by Amit Kumar. In 1985, the duo composed music for a commercial project called ''Star Ten''. Ten Hindi actors (Mithun, Jackie Shroff, Anil Kapoor, Sachin, Danny, Vijendra, Sulakshana Pandit, etc.) sang some songs with lyrics by Anwar Saagar.<ref name="mc">{{cite web|url=http://www.microcan.net/nadeemshravan/bio.html |title= Nadeem-Shravan to Bollywood |publisher=microcan}}</ref>
===Early success===
Their breakthrough film, ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990), which brought them into the limelight, was gifted to them by none other than [[Gulshan Kumar]]. ''Aashiqui'' has been rated the 4th best soundtrack ever by PlanetBollywood.com on their "100 Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks".<ref>{{cite web|title=Best soundtrack of the 90s|url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayArticle.php?id=s022608074151|access-date=5 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306100731/http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayArticle.php?id=s022608074151|archive-date=6 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The soundtrack album sold 20 million units,<ref name="india-today">{{Cite news|date=31 October 1994|title=Bollywood hinges on Hindi film music industry, fans soak up wacky new sounds|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19941115-bollywood-hinges-on-hindi-film-music-industry-fans-soak-up-wacky-new-sounds-809899-1994-10-31}}</ref> making it the best-selling [[Bollywood soundtrack]] album of all time.<ref name="boi90s"/>
[[File:Thakur Doultani with Nadeem Saifee (Nadeem Shravan fame).jpg|right|thumb|Nadeem Akhtar Saifi, other half of the Nadeem–Shravan duo, in 1996]]
Their success continued with ''[[Saajan]]'', ''[[Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin]]'', ''[[Sadak]]'', ''[[Sainik]]'', ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]'', ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]'', ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' and ''[[Phool Aur Kaante]]''. Whether it was "Chehra Kya Dekhte Ho" (''[[Salaami]]''), "Adayein Bhi Hain" (''[[Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin]]''), "Sochenge Tumhe Pyar" (''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]''), "Tujhe Na Dekhu Toh Chain" (''[[Rang (1993 film)|Rang]]''), "Dilbar" (''[[Sirf Tum]]'') and "Ek Baar To India" (''[[Jeena Sirf Merre Liye]]'') they all had the distinct stamp of Nadeem–Shravan.{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}

Most of their compositions fall under the [[filmi-ghazal]] genre, as they were greatly inspired by [[ghazal]] music,<ref name="ghazal">{{cite magazine |title= India Today|magazine=[[India Today]] |year=1994 |page=342 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmkpAQAAIAAJ |quote=In 1990, the super-success of Nadeem–Shravan's ''Aashiqui'' ushered in the era of ghazal-type romantic music as in ''Saajan'', ''Dil'', ''Phool aur Kaante'', ''Deewana''.}}</ref> and Music of Indian classical.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chandra |first1=Anupama |last2=Shetty |first2=Kavitha |title=Hitting the Right Notes |url=http://www.anupamachopra.com/media/pdf/Audio_Cassette_Industry_Hitting_The_Right_Notes_Nov_11_1993.pdf |work=[[India Today]] |date=11 November 1993}}</ref>

When ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]'' soundtrack was released, the tracks had different varieties of songs; songs ("I Love My India" and "Meri Mehbooba"), love songs ("Do Dil Mil Rahe Hain") and qawwali ("Nahin Hona Tha") pop ("My first day in America"), pain ("Ye Dil Deewana"). PlanetBollywood.com started the review by saying, "The music for Pardes is Nadeem-Shravan's best ever."<ref name="pb">{{cite web|url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/music/pardes.html |title= Nadeem-Shravan's best soundtrack ever |publisher=PlanetBollywood.com |access-date=5 January 2012}}</ref>

They have worked with lyricists like [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]], [[Anand Bakshi]], Faaiz Anwar, [[Hasrat Jaipuri]], Rani Malik and many others. When they arrived on the music scene, [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] and [[Anand–Milind]] were at the top. But subsequently their hard work paid off and they had various hits in a row.<ref name="mc"/>

===Gulshan Kumar murder case===
[[Gulshan Kumar]], the owner of [[Super Cassettes Industries T-Series|T-Series]], was shot dead outside the Jeeteshwar Mahadev Mandir, a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva of which he attended daily in Jeet Nagar, Andheri West suburb of Mumbai, on 12 August 1997. [[Mumbai underworld]] organization [[D-Company]] was involved with the murder.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Mafia Calls The Shots|journal=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=25 August 1997|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-mafia-calls-the-shots/204098}}</ref> The police also accused Nadeem Saifi of having paid for the murder due to a personal dispute and fled the country after the murder. According to the police, Nadeem hatched the conspiracy in Dubai in May with Anees Ibrahim Kaskar, the brother of fugitive gangster Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar and Dawood's associates Abu Salem and Kayyum. Crime branch sources said Nadeem has been out of Bombay since Gulshan Kumar died. During the interrogation of the arrested gangsters, the police reportedly learned that Nadeem had organized a "secret" music function in June for Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar in Dubai. Many well-known Bollywood personalities, the police claim, were present.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/sep/01super.htm|title=Rediff on the NeT: Music director Nadeem accused of killing Gulshan Kumar|work=Rediff.com|access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref>

After the police's allegations against him, Nadeem Saifi was alleged to have fled to the United Kingdom (though he had claimed that he had been in the UK for a month at the time the incident took place). In 2001, the case was taken to the [[London High Court]], which rejected the [[Indian government]]'s request for [[extradition]] on the grounds that there was no ''prima facie'' case against Saifi. In August 2001, the prosecution's main witness, Mohammed Ali Hussain Shaikh, who had earlier claimed Saifi participated in the murder, eventually revealed that he didn't know Saifi and had never seen him.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gulshan murder: Approver denies knowing anything about the case|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/aug/08gul.htm|date=8 August 2001}}</ref> Abu Salem also denied Nadeem's involvement on Indian national television. Saifi was also [[exonerated]] by four courts, including the [[House of Lords]] in the United Kingdom and the sessions court in [[Mumbai]]. Saifi eventually acquired British citizenship, and later moved to [[Dubai]], where he runs a successful [[perfumery]] business.<ref>{{cite news|last=Farooqui|first=Mazhar|title=Exclusive: 'I request Narendra Modi to help me get justice'|url=http://gulfnews.com/xpress/news/exclusive-i-request-narendra-modi-to-help-me-get-justice-1.1825520|work=[[Gulf News]]|date=11 May 2016}}</ref>

===Later years===

Despite long-distance collaboration from London, they continued producing hits into the early 2000s ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]'' (2000), ''[[Kasoor]]'' (2001), ''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love|Ek Rishtaa]]'' (2001), ''[[Yeh Dil Aashiqanaa]]'' (2002), ''[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]'' (2002), ''[[Haan Maine Bhi Pyaar Kiya]]'' (2002), ''[[Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]]'' (2002), ''[[Dil Hai Tumhaara]]'' (2002), ''[[Dil Ka Rishta]]'' (2003), ''[[Andaaz]]'' (2003), ''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat|Qayamat]]'' (2003), ''[[Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story|Tumsa Nahin Dekha]]'' (2004), ''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafaa]]'' (2005), ''[[Barsaat (2005 film)|Barsaat]]'' (2005), and ''[[Dosti: Friends Forever|Dosti]]'' (2005). The duo split in 2005 but briefly reunited for ''[[Do Knot Disturb]]'' (2009).<ref>{{Cite web |title=hindilyrics.net |url=https://forsale.godaddy.com/forsale/hindilyrics.net?utm_source=TDFS_BINNS2&utm_medium=parkedpages&utm_campaign=x_corp_tdfs-binns2_base&traffic_type=TDFS_BINNS2&traffic_id=binns2&oref=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/ |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=forsale.godaddy.com}}</ref>

italised in critical condition at the [[P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre|Hinduja Hospital]] in Mumbai after being diagnosed with [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |date=2021-04-23 |title=The full story of Shravan Rathod's demise: Wife and elder son cannot have his last glimpse |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/the-full-story-of-shravan-rathods-demise-wife-and-elder-son-cannot-have-his-last-glimpse/articleshow/82202233.cms |access-date=2026-01-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He died on 23 April.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-23 |title=Bollywood composer Shravan Rathod dies of Covid aged 66 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-56856534 |access-date=2026-01-02 |language=en-GB}}</ref> His son and wife were admitted to another medical facility in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Suman |date=22 April 2021 |title=Music Composer Shravan Rathod Dies Of Covid-19 |url=https://www.gulte.com/movienews/82318/music-composer-shravan-rathod-dies-of-covid-19 |website=Gulte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-23 |title=Bollywood composer Shravan Rathod dies of Covid aged 66 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-56856534 |access-date=2021-04-23 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Notes
|-
|1977|| ''[[Dangal (1977 film)|Dangal]] ''|| [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]] film
|-
| rowspan="5" |1982
| ''[[Apradhi Kaun? (1982 film)|Apradhi Kaun?]]''||
|-
| ''[[Zakhmee Insaan]] ''||
|-
| ''[[Maine Jeena Seekh Liya]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Anmol Sitaare]]''||
|-
| ''[[Naya Safar]] ''||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1983
|''Sajai Da Mang Hamaar''
|
|-
|''Lohi Nu Tilak''
|
|-
|1985|| ''Cheekh''||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1986
| ''[[Qatil Aur Ashiq]]''||
|-
| ''Vikram Betaal''||
|-
|1987|| ''[[Khooni Mahal]]''||
|-
|1988|| ''[[Zulm Ko Jala Doonga]]''||
|-
| rowspan="3" |1989|| ''[[Ilaaka]]''||
|-
| ''[[Hisaab Khoon Ka]]''||
|-
| ''[[Lashkar (film)|Lashkar]]''||
|-
| rowspan="4" |1990|| ''[[Baap Numbri Beta Dus Numbri]]''||
|-
| ''[[Solah Satra]]''||
|-
| ''[[Aashiqui]]''|| Winner, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| ''[[Apmaan Ki Aag]]''||
|-
| rowspan="9" |1991
| ''[[Laal Paree]]''||
|-
| ''[[Jigarwala]]''||
|-
| ''[[Jaan Ki Kasam]]''||
|-
|''[[Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin]]''||
|-
|''[[Saajan]]''|| Winner, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|''[[Saathi (1991 film)|Saathi]]''||
|-
|''[[Phool Aur Kaante]]''|| Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|''[[Pyaar Ka Saaya]]''||
|-
|''[[Sadak]]''||
|-
| rowspan="11" |1992
|''[[Dil Ka Kya Kasoor]]''||
|-
| ''[[Panaah (film)|Panaah]]''||
|-
| ''[[Jaan Tere Naam]]''||
|-
| ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]''|| Winner, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| ''[[Paayal]]''||
|-
| ''[[Sapne Sajan Ke]]''||
|-
| ''[[Bekhudi]]''||
|-
| ''[[Kal Ki Awaz]]''||
|-
| ''[[Junoon (1992 film)|Junoon]]''||
|-
| ''[[Dilwale Kabhi Na Hare]]''||
|-
| ''[[Anaam]]''||
|-
| rowspan="16" |1993
| ''[[Balmaa]]''||
|-
| ''[[Divya Shakti]]''||
|-
| ''[[Shreemaan Aashique]]''||
|-
| ''[[Damini – Lightning|Damini]]''||
|-
| ''[[Sangram (1993 film)|Sangraam]]''||
|-
| ''[[Krishan Avtaar]]''||
|-
| ''[[Waqt Hamara Hai]]''||
|-
| ''[[Rang (1993 film)|Rang]]''||
|-
| ''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke]]''|| Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| ''[[Dhartiputra]]''||
|-
| ''[[Aadmi Khilona Hai]]''||
|-
| ''[[Sainik]]''||
|-
| ''[[Dil Tera Aashiq]]''||
|-
| ''[[Kaise Kaise Rishte]]''||
|-
| ''[[Tadipaar]]''||
|-
| ''[[Pyar Pyar]]''||
|-
| rowspan="8" |1994|| ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]''||
|-
| ''[[Salaami]]''||
|-
| ''[[Saajan Ka Ghar]]''||
|-
| ''[[Aatish: Feel the Fire]]''||
|-
| ''[[Ekka Raja Rani]]''||
|-
| ''[[Kranti Kshetra]]''||
|-
| ''[[Stuntman (1994 film)|Stuntman]]''||
|-
| ''[[Chhoti Bahoo]]''||
|-
| rowspan="7" |1995
|''[[Andolan (1995 film)|Andolan]]''
|
|-
|''Anokha Andaaz''||
|-
| ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]''|| Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| ''[[Gaddaar (1995 film)|Gaddaar]]''||
|-
| ''[[Saajan Ki Baahon Mein]]''||
|-
| ''[[Zamaana Deewana]]''||
|-
| ''[[Barsaat (1995 film)|Barsaat]]''||
|-
| rowspan="7" |1996
|''[[Majhdhaar]]''
|
|-
|''[[Agni Sakshi (1996 film)|Agni Sakshi]]''||
|-
| ''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]''||
|-
| ''[[Jung (1996 film)|Jung]]''||
|-
| ''[[Himmatvar]]''||
|-
| ''[[Jeet (1996 film)|Jeet]]''||
|-
| ''[[Raja Hindustani]]''|| Winner, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] Winner, [[Star Screen Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |1997
| ''[[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]]''||
|-
| ''[[Jeevan Yudh]]''||
|-
| ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]''|| Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] Winner, [[Star Screen Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| ''[[Mohabbat (1997 film)|Mohabbat]]''||
|-
| ''[[Naseeb (1997 film)|Naseeb]]''||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
| ''[[Saat Rang Ke Sapne]]''||
|-
| ''[[Maharaja (1998 film)|Maharaja]]''||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999
| ''[[Aa Ab Laut Chalen]]''||
|-
| ''[[Sirf Tum]]''||
|-
|2000|| ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]''|| Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2001|| ''[[Kasoor]]''||
|-
| ''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love]]''||
|-
| ''[[Hum Ho Gaye Aapke]]''||
|-
| rowspan="8" |2002|| ''[[Yeh Dil Aashiqanaa]]''||
|-
| ''[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]''|| Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] Winner, [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
| ''[[Haan Maine Bhi Pyaar Kiya]]''||
|-
| ''[[Ansh: The Deadly Part]]''||
|-
| ''[[Tumse Achcha Kaun Hai]]''||
|-
| ''[[Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]]''||
|-
| ''[[Dil Hai Tumhaara]]''||
|-
| ''[[Jeena Sirf Merre Liye]]''||
|-
| rowspan="9" |2003
|''Zinda Dil''
|
|-
| ''[[Dil Ka Rishta]]''||
|-
| ''[[Indian Babu]]''||
|-
| ''[[Yeh Dil]]''||
|-
| ''[[Andaaz]]''||
|-
| ''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat]]''||
|-
| ''[[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]]''||
|-
| ''[[Footpath (2003 film)|Footpath]]''||
|-
| ''[[Raja Bhaiya (film)|Raja Bhaiya]]''||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004|| ''[[Sheen (2004 film)|Sheen]]''||
|-
| ''[[Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story]]''||
|-
| ''[[Hatya (2004 film)|Hatya]]''||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2005
| ''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafaa]]''||
|-
| ''[[Barsaat (2005 film)|Barsaat]]''||
|-
| ''[[Dosti: Friends Forever]]''|| Last film before official split
|-
|2006|| ''[[Mere Jeevan Saathi (2006 film)|Mere Jeevan Saathi]]''||
|-
|2008|| ''[[Gumnaam – The Mystery]]''||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
| ''[[Sanam Teri Kasam (2009 film)|Sanam Teri Kasam]]''||Previously released as ''Sambandh'' (1996)
|-
| ''[[Do Knot Disturb]]''|| Comeback after their split in 2006
|-
|2016|| ''[[Ishq Forever (film)|Ishq Forever]]''|| Nadeem Saifi as a Solo Music Director
|-
|2017|| ''[[Ek Haseena Thi Ek Deewana Tha]]''
|| Nadeem Saifi as a Solo Music Director
|-
|2025 || ''[[Andaaz 2]]'' || Nadeem Saifi first film after Shravan's Demise
|}

==Music albums==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No !! Year !! Albums !! Song(s) !! Singer(s) !! Lyricist(s)
|-
| rowspan="7" |1
| rowspan="7" |1985 || rowspan="7"|''[[Star Ten]]'' || ''Bar Bar Telephone'' || [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Vijayta Pandit]] ||rowspan="7"|[[Anwar Sagar]]
|-
| ''Kashmir Se Kaniya Kumari'' || [[Jackie Shroff]]
|-
| ''Yunh Dhoop Mein'' || [[Danny Denzongpa]], [[Kalpana Iyer]]
|-
| ''Kal Bas Ke Intizar'' || [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|-
| ''Aaj Ki Raat Na Ghar'' || [[Vijayendra Ghatge]], [[Kaajal Kiran]]
|-
| ''Disco Ki Bimari Ayee'' || [[Sachin (actor)|Sachin]], Chorus
|-
| ''Angoori Paani Chhad Gaya'' || [[Mithun Chakraborty]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |2
| rowspan="4" |1991 || rowspan="4"|''Aap Ki Yaadein Vol 1'' || ''Aap Se Achhi Aap Ki Yaaden Hain'' || [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Debashish Das Gupta]] || rowspan="4"|[[Faaiz Anwar]]
|-
| ''Chahe Duniya, Chahe Toofan, Chahe Qayamat Aa Jaye'' || Anuradha Paudwal, [[Mohammed Aziz]]
|-
| ''Jo Pyar Kar Gaye'' || Kumar Sanu
|-
| ''Pal Din Mahine Kai Saal Ho Gaye'' || Anuradha Paudwal, [[Mohammed Aziz]]
|-
| rowspan="11" |3
| rowspan="11" |1992 || rowspan="11"|''Rahbar'' || ''Waadiye Ishq Se'' || rowspan="5"|[[Alka Yagnik]] || [[Sayeed Rahi]]
|-
| ''Chain Payega Kahan'' || Madan Pal
|-
| ''Yeh Koi Baat Nahin Hai'' || Sayeed Rahi
|-
| ''Apni Soorat Pe'' || [[Hasrat Jaipuri]]
|-
| ''Kiske Shaanon Pe'' || rowspan="2"|Sayeed Rahi
|-
| ''Dil Ka Bhola Hai'' || Alka Yagnik, Raj Kumar
|-
| ''Tujhko Ghazal Kahoon'' || rowspan="5"|Raj Kumar || rowspan="2"|Anwar Sagar
|-
| ''Dekhkar Jinko''
|-
| ''Mera Khat Milte Hi'' || [[Madan Pal]]
|-
| ''Aap Jitni Berukhi Se'' || [[Maya Govind]]
|-
| ''Abhi Bhi Waqt Hai'' || Anwar Sagar
|-
| rowspan="8" |4
| rowspan="8" |1994 || rowspan="8"|''Sayesha'' || ''Jab Koi Pyar Se Bulayega'' || rowspan="4"|Nadeem Saifi, Alka Yagnik || [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
|-
| ''Khuda Aap Ko Nazar'' || Nadeem Saifi/Sameer
|-
| ''Pyar Hua Hai Abhi'' || rowspan="4"|Sameer
|-
| ''Dekha Tujhe To''
|-
| ''Itna Bhi Na Chaho'' || rowspan="3"|Nadeem Saifi
|-
| ''Sayesha Sayesha''
|-
| ''Sunder Haath'' ||
|-
| ''Sayesha Sayesha'' || Nadeem Shravan || Sameer
|-
| rowspan="8" |5
| rowspan="8" |1995 || rowspan="8"|''Teri Mohabbat Mein'' || ''Ae Sanam Tum Hi'' || rowspan="7"|Kumar Sanu || rowspan="8"|[[Nafees Alam]]
|-
| ''Bhula Chuka Hoon Zamana''
|-
| ''Dil De Chuke Hain''
|-
| ''Raatein Hain Iqrar Ki''
|-
| ''Teri Judaai Mein''
|-
| ''Tum Jab Bhi Khat''
|-
| ''Yeh Baharein Yeh Nazarein''
|-
| ''Padh Kar Tumhara Khat'' || [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| rowspan="8" |6
| rowspan="8" |1995 || rowspan="8"|''Nadeem Sings All Time Hits – Dance Remix'' || ''O Mere Dil Ke Chain'' || rowspan="8"|Nadeem Saifi, [[Priya Bhattacharya]] || [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|-
| ''Dum Dum Diga Diga'' || [[Qamar Jalalabadi]]
|-
| ''Honthon Pe Sachchai Rahti Hai'' || Shailendra
|-
| ''Chura Liya Hai Tumne'' || Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| ''Dheere Dheere Se'' || Rani Malik
|-
| ''Mera Dil Tere Liye'' || rowspan="3"|Sameer
|-
| ''Jaane Jigar Jaaneman''
|-
| ''Nazar Ke Saamne''
|-
| rowspan="10" |7
| rowspan="10" |1996 || rowspan="10"|''Sajni'' || ''Woh Jab Aaina Dekhte Honge'' || Suchandra || rowspan="10"|Sameer
|-
| ''Tum Jab Aaina Dekhti Hogi'' || [[Vinod Rathod]]
|-
| ''Tujhko Main Tujhse Churaunga'' ||
|-
| ''Paas Reh Kar Bhi Koi Paas Na Ho'' || [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| ''O Jaane Jaan'' || [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
| ''Dil Mein Tum Dhadkan'' || Kumar Sanu, Suchandra
|-
| ''Chupke Se Wahin Milte Hain'' || Suchandra, [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| ''Baja Bajega To'' || rowspan="2"|Suchandra
|-
| ''Ek Chehra Hai Jise Pyar''
|-
| ''Aye Dil Ye Baten'' || [[Sonu Nigam]], Suchandra
|-
| rowspan="9" |8
| rowspan="9" |1997 || rowspan="9"|''[[Hi ! Ajnabi]]'' || ''Hi ! Ajnabi'' || rowspan="6"|Nadeem Saif || rowspan="9"|Sameer
|-
| ''Hothon Mein Tupatte Ko Daba Lete''
|-
| ''Tumse Mila Tha College Mein''
|-
| ''Banalo Usko Tum Apna''
|-
| ''Pyar Bhi Ho Jayega''
|-
| ''Mujhse Mera Naam To Poochho''
|-
| ''Tum Se Mili Thi College Mein'' || Alka Yagnik
|-
| ''Nazar Milake Baat Karo'' || Nadeem Saifi, Sadhana Sargam
|-
| ''Meri Tamanna Hai Main Amitabh'' || Nadeem Saifi, Alka Yagnik
|-
| rowspan="7" |9
| rowspan="7" |2012 || rowspan="7"|''Rang'' || ''Ye Meri Dua Mein Asar Aaye'' || [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]] || rowspan="7"|Sameer
|-
| ''Aaye Ho Abhi'' || Abhijeet Bhattacharya, Sarika Kapoor
|-
| ''Ye To Mumkin Hi Nahin'' || [[Babul Supriyo]]
|-
| ''Khuda Ki Kasam'' || Udit Narayan, [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
| ''Hum The Tum The'' || Sonu Nigam
|-
| ''Hawa Ne Ye Paigham'' || Alka Yagnik
|-
| ''Ishq Na Mange'' || Sonu Nigam, Jaspinder Narula
|-
|}

==Single(s)==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Lyricist !! Singers !! Actors !! Label !! Notes
|-
|2022|| ''Jahan Base Dil'' || [[Sameer Anjaan]] || Raj Barman || Shivin Narang & Eisha Singh || [[Zee Music Company]] || Nadeem's first ever single
|-
|2023|| ''Main Aapke Seene Mein'' || [[Sameer Anjaan]] || [[Kumar Sanu]] || [[Kumar Sanu]] || Venus Worldwide Entertainment || Recorded previously in 1993
|}

==Accolades==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Award !! Movie !! Director !! Producer
|-
|1991|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] || ''[[Aashiqui]]'' || [[Mahesh Bhatt]] || [[Gulshan Kumar]] & [[Vishesh Films]]
|-
|1992|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] || ''[[Saajan]]'' || [[Lawrence D'Souza]] || [[Sudhakar Bokade]]
|-
|1993|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] || ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'' || [[Raj Kanwar]] || [[Guddu Dhanoa]]
|-
|1997|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] & [[Screen Award for Best Music Director]] || ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' || [[Dharmesh Darshan]] || [[Tips Industries|Tips Films]], Ali Morani, Karim Morani, Bunty Soorma
|-
|1998|| [[Screen Award for Best Music Director]] || ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]'' || [[Subhash Ghai]] || Subhash Ghai
|-
|2003|| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director]] || ''[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]'' || [[Vikram Bhatt]] || [[Mukesh Bhatt]], [[Kumar S. Taurani]], [[Ramesh S. Taurani]]
|}

==Impact on record sales==
In total span of 16 years only 5 years (1994, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2005) are such which don't have Nadeem–Shravan album in top 3. The yearly analysis is as follows:<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2010-01-02 |title=BoxOffice India.com |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |access-date=2024-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010439/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |archive-date=2 January 2010 }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!!Rank (in terms of sales in India)<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|1990|| 1 – ''[[Aashiqui]]''
|-
|1991||1 – ''[[Saajan]]'' 2 – ''[[Phool Aur Kaante]]'' 3 – ''[[Sadak]]''
|-
|1992||1 – ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]''
|-
|1993||1 – ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]''
|-
|1995||2 – ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]''
|-
|1996||1 – ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'' 3 – ''[[Agni Sakshi (1996 film)|Agnisakshi]]''
|-
|1997||2 – ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]''
|-
|2000||2 – ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]''
|-
|2001||3 – ''[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]''
|-
|2003||2 – ''[[Andaaz]]''
|-
|2004||2 – ''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafaa]]''
|}

==Soundtrack album sales==
The following table lists the sales of Nadeem–Shravan's top-selling [[Bollywood music]] soundtrack albums in India.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-02 |title=BoxOffice India.com |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |access-date=2024-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010422/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |archive-date=2 January 2010 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Film soundtrack !! Year !! Sales!! Annual rank !! Source(s)
|-
|''[[Aashiqui]]''||1990||20,000,000||1 ||<ref name="india-today"/>
|-
|''[[Raja Hindustani]]''||1996||11,000,000||1 ||<ref name="boi90s"/>
|-
|''[[Saajan]]''||1991||7,000,000||1 ||<ref>{{cite news|title=Bringing melody back, Nadeem-Shravan churn out hit after hit|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19920415-bringing-melody-back-nadeem-shravan-churn-out-hit-after-hit-766153-2013-08-19|work=[[India Today]]|date=15 April 1992}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Phool Aur Kaante]]''||1991||6,000,000||2
| rowspan="4" |<ref name="boi90s" />
|-
|''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]''||1997||6,000,000||2
|-
|''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]''||1993||5,500,000||1
|-
|''[[Sadak]]''||1991||5,000,000||3
|-
|''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]''||1992||4,500,000||1
|
|-
|''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]''||2000||4,500,000||2 ||<ref name="boi00s">{{cite web|title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units)|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 February 2010|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042845/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-date=5 February 2010}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]''||1995||3,500,000||2
|<ref name="boi90s" />
|-
|''[[Barsaat (1995 film)|Barsaat]]''
|1995
|3,000,000
|4
|
|-
|''[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]''||2001||3,000,000||3 ||<ref name="boi00s" />
|-
|''[[Agni Sakshi (1996 film)|Agni Sakshi]]''||1996||2,800,000||3 ||<ref name="boi90s"/>
|-
|''[[Aatish: Feel the Fire|Aatish]]''
|1994
|2,500,000
|10
|
|-
|''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]''
|1996
|2,500,000
|5
|
|-
|''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafaa]]'' ||2004||2,500,000||2
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="boi00s" />
|-
|''[[Andaaz]]''||2003||2,500,000||2
|-
|''[[Jeet (1996 film)|Jeet]]''||1996||2,500,000||4
| rowspan="5" |<ref name="boi90s"/>
|-
|''[[Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin]]''||1991||2,500,000||5
|-
|''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke]]''||1993||2,500,000||5
|-
|''[[Salaami]]''
|1993
|2,200,000
|10
|-
|''[[Sirf Tum]]''||1999||2,200,000||9
|-
|''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat|Qayamat]]''||2003||2,100,000||5 ||<ref name="boi00s"/>
|-
|''[[Sapne Sajan Ke|Sapne Saajan Ke]]''||1992||2,000,000||8 ||<ref name="boi90s"/>
|-
|''[[Rang (1993 film)|Rang]]''
|1993
|2,000,000
|13
|
|-
|''[[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]]''
|1996
|2,000,000
|10
|
|-
|''[[Mohabbat (1997 film)|Mohabbat]]''
|1997
|2,000,000
|11
|
|-
|''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love|Ek Rishtaa]]''
|2001
|1,800,000
|10
|
|-
|''[[Haan Maine Bhi Pyaar Kiya]]''||2001||1,800,000||11
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="boi00s" />
|-
|''[[Yeh Dil Aashiqanaa]]''||2001||1,600,000||12
|-
|''[[Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]]''||2002||1,600,000||5
|
|-
|''[[Dil Hai Tumhaara]]''||2002||1,500,000||6
|
|-
|[[Barsaat (2005 film)|''Barsaat'']]
|2005
|1,500,000
|9
|
|-
|''[[Dil Ka Rishta]]''||2002||1,400,000||8 ||<ref name="boi00s"/>
|-
|''[[Dosti: Friends Forever|Dosti]]''
|2005
|1,400,000
|11
|
|-
! Known album sales || {{N/A}} || 126,400,000 || colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian film music directors]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0795348|Shravan Rathod}}
* {{IMDb name|0002957|Nadeem Saifi}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestMusicDirector}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadeem-Shravan}}
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Songwriting teams]]
[[Category:Hindi film score composers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian musical duos]]

Auxilium Convent School

2026-02-21T09:45:25Z

Samyakk clothing: adjust formatting per sources per standard format

{{short description|Catholic school in Kolkata, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Auxilium Convent School
| image =
| location = [[Dum Dum]] [[Kolkata]]
| motto =
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|31|31.42|N|88|18|39.91|E|display=title,inline}}
| established =
| language = English language
| affiliation = [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]]
| yearbook =
| nickname =
| opened = {{start date and age|1960}}
}}
'''Auxilium Convent Schools''' is a group of private English-medium convent schools located at various regions across India and affiliated to [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]].<ref name=iCBSE>{{cite web|title=Auxilium Convent School, ICSE School, Jalpaiguri Siliguri Jyotinagar 48 No. Box Post Road,|url=http://www.icbse.com/schools/auxilium-convent-school/wb315|website=iCBSE|publisher=|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref>

It is a Catholic Educational Institution governed by [[Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco|Daughters Of Mary Help of Christians (Popularly known as Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco)]],<ref name="EduVidya">{{cite web|title=Auxilium Convent School Kolkata Admissions, Address, Fees, Review|url=http://www.eduvidya.com/Schools/Auxilium-Convent-School|website=www.eduvidya.com|publisher=EduVidya|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="SchoolFinder">{{cite web|title=Auxilium Convent School, Dum Dum, Kolkata - SchoolFinder|url=http://www.schoolfinder.co.in/school/Kolkata/Dum%20Dum/ICSE/Auxilium-Convent-School-Dum-Dum|website=www.schoolfinder.co.in|publisher=SchoolFinder|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> which was founded by Saint [[Maria Domenica Mazzarello|Maria Ṃazzarello]] in 1872 to work alongside Saint [[John Bosco]] in his teaching projects in [[Turin]] and continue to be a teaching order worldwide.

The School admits all children irrespective of their caste and creed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://auxiliumbarasat.org/|title=Auxilium Convent School, Barasat|website=auxiliumbarasat.org|language=en-US|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref> The schools follow the education system of [[John Bosco|St.Don Bosco]] known as Preventive System. It is based on three keys: Reason, Religion, and Loving Kindness.

== Alumni ==

* [[Mahasweta Chakraborty]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Salesian schools]]
[[Category:Catholic schools in India]]
[[Category:Christian schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Schools in North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1960]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-school-stub}}

Chetan Bhagat

2026-02-20T23:33:32Z

Samyakk clothing: quick update

{{short description|Indian celebrity columnist (born 1974)}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Chetan Bhagat
| image = Chetan bhagat 1.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|04|22|df=yes}}
| birth_name = Chetan Prakash Bhagat
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| language = [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]]
| genre = Romance, realistic fiction, non-fiction, suspense, thriller
| notableworks = ''[[Five Point Someone]]'', ''[[2 States: The Story of My Marriage]]'', ''[[The 3 Mistakes of My Life]]''
| website = {{URL|www.chetanbhagat.com}}
| caption = Chetan Bhagat official portfolio
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]] ([[B.Tech]])|[[Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]] ([[MBA]])}}
| years_active = 2004–present
| children = 2
| spouse = {{marriage|Anusha Suryanarayan|1998}}
}}

'''Chetan Prakash Bhagat''' (born 22 April 1974)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalita |first=S. Mitra |date=2008-05-17 |title=Chetan Bhagat {{!}} The five-point formula: keep it simple |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/h1VNDUaEfr7TDyFpWRC4jO/Chetan-Bhagat--The-fivepoint-formula-keep-it-simple.html |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian author, [[columnist]], screenwriter, and [[YouTuber]]. He was included in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]] magazine's'' list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2010.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=The 2010 TIME 100 - TIME |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1984685,00.html |access-date=2022-12-05 |magazine=Time |language=en-US |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> Several of his novels have been adapted into films, including ''[[One Night at the Call Center]]'' and ''[[Half Girlfriend]]''.

==Early life and education==

Chetan Bhagat was raised in a traditional [[Punjabi Hindus|Punjabi Hindu]] family. His father was a [[lieutenant colonel]] in the [[Indian Army]], and his mother worked as a [[scientist]] at the [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] in [[New Delhi]]. Bhagat attended the [[Indian Army Public Schools|Army Public School]], [[Dhaula Kuan]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Interview With Chetan Bhagat |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/interview/magazine-extra/an-interview-with-chetan-bhagat/8452/1 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Forbes India |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130221734/http://www.forbesindia.com/interview/magazine-extra/an-interview-with-chetan-bhagat/8452/1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where he developed an interest in writing and contributed jokes to the school magazine.<ref name=":0" />

In 1995, Bhagat graduated with a [[Bachelor of Technology|Bachelor's of Technology]] degree in [[Mechanical Engineering]] from the [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-24 |title=Tale of the lucky hostel room |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/tale-of-the-lucky-hostel-room/story-tW9CADMSetH7P3cCIJHERM.html |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He then attended the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM Ahmedabad]] (IIMA), receiving a degree in Business Administration with a specialisation in marketing in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |author=India TV News Desk |date=2013-10-21 |title=25 best quotes by Chetan Bhagat on career, education, love and success - IndiaTV news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/business/india/updated-news-chetan-bhagat-quotes-career-education-success-8301.html |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sunday Tribune - Books |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060604/spectrum/book5.htm |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> In 2018, [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIMA]] awarded him the Young Alumni Achiever's Award in the Arts & Entertainment category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-26 |title=IIM Ahmadabad celebrates alumni success with YAAA 2018 |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/iim-ahmadabad-celebrates-alumni-success-yaaa-2018-773149 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Banking ===

Before becoming a full-time writer, Chetan Bhagat spent nearly 11 years working as an investment banker, primarily in [[Hong Kong]]. He began his banking career at [[Peregrine Investments Holdings]] in [[Canada]], which ceased operations after six months. He then joined [[Goldman Sachs]] in Hong Kong, working there for several years. Later, he moved to [[Deutsche Bank]] in [[Mumbai]], where he was a director.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-10 |title=How Chetan Bhagat Became a Writer from Investment Banker? |url=https://thedigitalyug.com/stories/how-chetan-bhagat-became-a-writer-from-investment-banker |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=thedigitalyug.com |language=en}}</ref>

During his time at Goldman Sachs, Bhagat wrote his first novel, ''[[Five Point Someone]]'' (2004), and his second novel, ''[[One Night @ the Call Center|One Night at the Call Center]] (2005)''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhagat |first=Chetan |url=https://archive.org/details/onenightcallcent0000bhag |title=One night @ the call center |date=2005 |publisher=New Delhi : Rupa & Co. |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-81-291-0818-0}}</ref> In March 2008, Bhagat returned to India as a director at [[Deutsche Bank]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Dibeyendu |date=2008-08-22 |title=Chetan Bhagat: Novelist turn rock star |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/chetan-bhagat-novelist-turn-rock-star/articleshow/3391727.cms |access-date=2025-01-29 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The same year, his third novel, ''[[The 3 Mistakes of My Life|The 3 Mistakes of My Life (2008)]]'', was published. Following the commercial success of the novel, Bhagat left his banking career to become a full-time author''.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2014-07-26 |title=Chetan Bhagat: From investment banking to Bollywood scripts |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1121775 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

=== Author ===

His debut novel, ''Five Point Someone'' was published by [[Rupa Publications]] in Delhi in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Surendran |first=C.P. |date=2016-08-06 |title=Chetan Bhagat, the Feminist, is ready for the trolls |url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/Oi474Q8DXDE3zTSPRqg2UK/Chetan-Bhagat-the-Feminist-is-ready-for-the-trolls.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324131850/https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/Oi474Q8DXDE3zTSPRqg2UK/Chetan-Bhagat-the-Feminist-is-ready-for-the-trolls.html |archive-date=2023-03-24 |access-date=2025-02-27 |work=mint |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Chetan Bhagat at BlrLitFest 2024.jpg|thumb|Chetan Bhagat at BlrLitFest 2024]]

Bhagat's second book, ''[[One Night @ the Call Center|One Night at the Call Center]]'', was published in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=One Night at the Call Center by Chetan Bhagat {{!}} Penguin Random House Canada |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/13295/one-night-at-the-call-center-by-chetan-bhagat/9780345498328 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.penguinrandomhouse.ca |language=English}}</ref> It sold almost 50,000 copies in the first three days of its release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: Hello |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/oct/10hello.htm |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

His third novel, ''[[The 3 Mistakes of My Life]]'', was published in 2008.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alok |first=Dr. Nagmani |date=2020-09-14 |title=Adaptation of The 3 Mistakes of My Life into the Film Kai Po Che |url=https://ijels.com/detail/adaptation-of-the-3-mistakes-of-my-life-into-the-film-kai-po-che |journal=International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences |language=en |volume=5 |issue=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808083459/https://ijels.com/detail/adaptation-of-the-3-mistakes-of-my-life-into-the-film-kai-po-che/ |archive-date=2023-08-08}}</ref>

Bhagat's fourth novel, ''2 States'', was published in 2009 and drew inspiration from his marriage with Anusha Suryanarayan.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2372678/ | title=2 States | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> Bhagat's later novels ''[[Revolution 2020]]'', ''[[Half Girlfriend]]'', and ''[[One Indian Girl]]'' were also commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chetan Bhagat: books, biography, latest update |url=https://www.amazon.com/stores/Chetan-Bhagat/author/B001IQWOKY |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121163130/https://www.amazon.com/stores/Chetan-Bhagat/author/B001IQWOKY |archive-date=2023-11-21 |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Amazon.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

In 2018, Bhagat published ''[[The Girl in Room 105]]''. This was followed by ''[[One Arranged Murder]]'' in 2020 and ''[[400 Days (novel)|400 Days]]'' in 2021.

=== Screen presence ===

Bhagat was a judge, along with [[Marzi Pestonji]] and [[Preity Zinta]], on the dance reality show ''Nach Baliye'' season 7, which aired on the Indian television channel [[StarPlus|Star Plus]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-24 |title=Chetan Bhagat excited to judge ‘Nach Baliye 7’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/chetan-bhagat-excited-to-judge-nach-baliye-7/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Bhagat also appeared in the Netflix's series ''[[Decoupled]]'', which stars R. Madhavan in the lead role. In the show, Madhavan plays the second-bestselling author in India, while Bhagat portrays himself as India's bestselling author and Madhavan's rival.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-21 |title=After Twitter fight with Chetan Bhagat and mocking his books, R Madhavan offers clarification |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/after-twitter-fight-with-chetan-bhagat-and-mocking-his-books-r-madhavan-offers-clarification-101640081605566.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115194000/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/after-twitter-fight-with-chetan-bhagat-and-mocking-his-books-r-madhavan-offers-clarification-101640081605566.html |archive-date=2022-01-15 |access-date=2025-02-06 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>

=== Screenwriting ===

For [[Kai Po Che]] (2013), based on his novel ''[[The 3 Mistakes of My Life]]'', Bhagat was one of the four screenplay writers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Ujala Ali |date=2013-02-19 |title=Chetan Bhagat talks about Kai Po Che, the film based on his book |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/chetan-bhagat-talks-about-kai-po-che-the-film-based-on-his-book-1.330631 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> The film was a commercial success<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2013-02-22 |title=Kai Po Che! Box office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kai-po-che/box-office/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |language=en}}</ref> and Bhagat, along with Pubali Chaudhuri, Supratik Sen, and [[Abhishek Kapoor]], won the [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] for Best [[Screenplay]] for ''Kai Po Che!'' at the [[68th Filmfare Awards South|68th Filmfare Awards]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2213054/awards/ |title=Kai Po Che (2013) - Awards - IMDb |language=en-US |access-date=2025-02-06 |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>

=== YouTube ===

Bhagat also runs a YouTube channel featuring motivational videos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chetan Bhagat|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMhRbMzPqr_vca_bISQyvsA |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=YouTube}}</ref> He launched a [[podcast]], "Deep Talk ''with Chetan Bhagat"'', where he interviews guests about their paths to success.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chetan Bhagat on his new podcast 'DeepTalk', reinventing himself, and his secret to a happy life - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/interviews/chetan-bhagat-on-his-new-podcast-deeptalk-reinventing-himself-and-his-secret-to-a-happy-life/articleshow/94200202.cms |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=The Times of India |date=14 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Filmography ===

Five of Bhagat's novels have been adapted into films:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grover |first=Reeka |date=2018-04-10 |title=Novels that became Movies: Chetan Bhagat - Movies |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/movies/novels-that-became-movies-chetan-bhagat |access-date=2022-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>

* [[Hello (2008 film)|''Hello'']] (2008) – Based on the book "[[One Night @ the Call Center|One Night at the Call Center]]"
* ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009), [[Nanban (2012 film)|''Nanban'']] (2012), and [[3 Idiotas]] (2017) – Based on the book "[[Five Point Someone]]"
*'' [[Kai Po Che!]]'' (2013) – Based on the book "[[The 3 Mistakes of My Life]]"
* [[2 States (2014 film)|''2 States'']] (2014) – Based on the book "[[2 States: The Story of My Marriage|2 States]]"
* [[Half Girlfriend (film)|''Half Girlfriend'']] (2017) – Based on the book "[[Half Girlfriend]]"

== Bibliography ==

=== Novels ===

====Standalone====

* ''[[Five Point Someone]]'' (2005)
* ''[[One Night @ the Call Center|One Night at the Call Center]]'' (2006)
* ''[[The 3 Mistakes of My Life]]'' (2008)
* [[2 States: The Story of My Marriage|2 States]] (2009)
* ''[[Revolution 2020]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Half Girlfriend]]'' (2014)
* ''[[One Indian Girl]]'' (2016)
* ''[[12 Years: My Messed-Up Love Story]]'' (2025)

====Series====

# ''[[The Girl in Room 105]]'' (2018)
# ''[[One Arranged Murder]]'' (2020)
# [[400 Days (novel)|''400 Days'']] (2021)

=== Non-fiction ===

* ''[[What Young India Wants]]'' (2012)
* ''Making India Awesome'' (2015)
* ''India Positive'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-23 |title=Book Review: India Positive, Chetan Bhagat |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sunday-herald-books/book-review-india-positive-chetan-bhagat-741869.html |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
* ''11 Rules For Life: Secrets to Level Up'' (2024)

== Awards and accolades ==

* Chetan Bhagat was recognised as the "Best outgoing student" by the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM Ahmedabad]] in 1997.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dahiya |first=Renu |date=2022-05-31 |title=Chetan Bhagat - Biography, Family, Books, & Achievements |url=https://www.myticketstoindia.com/indian-vibes/chetan-bhagat/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Myticketstoindia.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
* He received the [[Young Achievers Award|Society Young Achiever's Award]] in 2000.<ref name=":0" />
* He won the Publisher's Recognition Award in 2005.<ref name=":0" />
* Included in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's list of the World's 100 Most Influential People of 2010 in the Artists category.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=The 2010 TIME 100 - TIME |language=en-US |magazine=Time |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1984685,00.html |access-date=2022-12-12 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref>
* Listed at No. 47 among the "100 Most Creative People 2011" by the ''[[Fast Company]]'' American business magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Most creative people 2011:Chetan Bhagat |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3018453/47-chetan-bhagat |website=fastcompany.com |date=2011-05-18 |access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref>
* Won the "[[CNN-News18 Indian of the Year|CNN-IBN Indian of the Year]] 2014" award in the Entertainment category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-17 |title=List of winners of Indian of the Year 2014 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/ioty-2014-7-974374.html |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-18 |title=Chetan Bhagat Receives the Indian of the Year Award in the Entertainment Category from IBN |url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/chetan-bhagat-indian-year-award-entertainment-category-ibn-article18791.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612050617/https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/chetan-bhagat-indian-year-award-entertainment-category-ibn-article18791.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Desimartini |language=en}}</ref>
* Ranked No. 82 on the 2017 ''[[Forbes India]]'' Celebrity 100 list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chetan Bhagat: Writing For Millennials |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/2017-celebrity-100/chetan-bhagat-writing-for-millennials/49039/1 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref>
* Received the [https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001935/2014/1/ IBN Live Movie Awards] for Best Screenplay for *Kai Po Che* in 2014.<ref name=":0" />
* Received the [[Zee Cine Awards]] in 2014 for Best Story for *Kai Po Che*.<ref name=":0" />
* Honoured with the ''[[Golden Book Awards]]'' in 2022 for the book *400 Days*.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wings Publication announces winners of India's most prestigious book award - Golden Book Awards 2022 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/wings-publication-announces-winners-of-indias-most-prestigious-book-award-golden-book-awards-202220220125122223/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

In 1998, Bhagat married Anusha Suryanarayan, whom he met in college at the [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]. One of his novels, "[[2 States: The Story of My Marriage|2 States]]," was inspired by their relationship. They have twin sons named Shyam Bhagat and Ishaan Bhagat.<ref name=":0" />

== Controversy ==

Following the [[MeToo movement in India]], an anonymous woman accused Bhagat of inappropriate behaviour. Screenshots of a [[WhatsApp]] conversation were shared, suggesting he pursued her despite her apparent lack of interest. Bhagat later issued an apology on [[Facebook]], acknowledging his actions.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/chetan-bhagat-issues-apology-to-woman-and-wife-after-harassment-accusation-surfaces-5389833|title=Chetan Bhagat issues apology to woman and wife after harassment accusation surfaces|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=2018-10-06}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{wikiquote}}

{{commons category}}

* {{official website|http://www.chetanbhagat.com/}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|chetan-bhagat}}
* {{IMDb name|2746459}}

{{Nach Baliye 7}}
{{Chetan Bhagat}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|English language}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhagat, Chetan}}

[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:IIT Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:The Times of India journalists]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:Goldman Sachs people]]

Tarapith temple

2026-02-19T16:51:27Z

Samyakk clothing: Started The Place W/ Refs

{{short description|Hindu temple dedicated to goddess Tara at Tarapith, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| image = Tarapith Temple 05.jpg
| alt =
| caption = View of the Tarapith temple
| map_type = India West Bengal
| map_caption = [[West Bengal]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24.1133183|N|87.7969825|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district =
| location = [[Tarapith]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Maa [[Tara (Mahavidya)|Tara]]
| festivals =
* ''[[Tara (Mahavidya)|Tara Puja]]''
* ''[[Kali Puja]]''
* ''[[Durga Puja]]''
* ''Ambubachi''<ref>{{cite news |title=অম্বুবাচীতেও খোলা তারাপীঠ মন্দির, চলছে পুজোপাঠ, জানুন এর রহস্য |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/tarapith-ambubachi-what-is-the-reason-461354/ |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=25 June 2022 |language=bn}}</ref>
*''Kaushiki Amavasya''<ref>{{cite news |title=Security arrangements discussed ahead of Tarapith temple festival |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/security-arrangements-discussed-ahead-of-tarapith-temple-festival-1503336873.html |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=29 August 2024 |quote=The Kaushiki Amavasya is the biggest festival of Tarapith temple and attracts lakhs of pilgrims from all over the country in the temple town.}}</ref>
* ''Phalaharini Amavasya''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Anamika |title=Phalaharini Kali Puja: তারাপীঠে ফলহারিণী অমাবস্যার পুজোয় মায়ের রাজেশ্বরী বেশ, সঙ্গে থাকে বিশেষ ভোগ |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/astrology/ma-is-dressed-like-rajeswari-in-the-puja-of-phalaharini-amavasya-at-tarapeeth-accompanied-by-special-offering-31717600039506.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805154147/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/astrology/ma-is-dressed-like-rajeswari-in-the-puja-of-phalaharini-amavasya-at-tarapeeth-accompanied-by-special-offering-31717600039506.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2024 |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=5 June 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
| architecture = [[Chala Style]] of [[Bengal architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| website = {{url|http://tarapith.in/}}
| governing_body = Tarapith Rampurhat Development Authority
}}

'''Tarapith temple''' ({{IPA|bn|tarapiʈʰ mondir}}), is a [[Hindu temple]] in [[Tarapith]], [[Birbhum]], [[West Bengal]] in India, dedicated to the [[Hindu goddess]] [[Tara (Mahavidya)|Tara]], the second of the ten [[Mahavidya|Mahavidyas]] in [[Hinduism]].<ref name="es">{{cite news |title=তারাপীঠ কেন 'মহাপীঠ' জানেন? |url=https://eisamay.com/astrology/dharma-karma/pilgrimage/know-about-tarapeeth-the-mysterious-pilgrimage-of-bengal/68646045.cms |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=30 March 2019 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Majumder |first1=Suparna |title=মা তারার রাজবেশ দেখতে তারাপীঠে উপচে পড়া ভিড়, মহা ধুমধামে পালিত দেবীর আবির্ভাব দিবস |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/religion/here-is-how-advent-day-of-ma-tara-celebrated-at-tarapith-temple/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=8 October 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> It is recognised as both a [[Shakta pithas|Shaktipith]] and [[Siddha|Siddhapith]], and has long been regarded as one of the most prominent and historically significant centres of [[Tantra]] and [[Shakti]] worship.<ref>{{cite news |last1=আচার্য |first1=পার্থপ্রতিম |title=৫১ পীঠের অবস্থান এবং কোথায় দেবীর কোন অঙ্গ পড়েছিল জানেন? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/horoscope/the-locations-of-51-peeth-dgtl-1/cid/927911 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=7 January 2019 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tarapith temple bans cell phones inside |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/tarapith-temple-bans-cell-phones-inside-1503251160.html |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 December 2023 |quote=Tarapith is one of the main Shaktipeeths in India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2023-09-11 |title=Tarapith Temple: সতীপীঠ তারাপীঠ কেন সিদ্ধপীঠ ? কীভাবে দেবীর আবির্ভাব ? জানুন পৌরাণিক কাহিনি |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/state/birbhum/know-details-of-tarapith-temple/wb20230911180041345345360 |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=bn}}</ref>

According to the [[Devi Bhagavata Purana]], [[Kalika Purana]], [[Markandeya Purana]] and the Shakti Peetha Stotram, the [[third eye]] of [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Goddess Sati]] fell here, after [[Lord Vishnu|Vishnu]]'s [[Sudarshan Chakra]] splintered her body into many parts to calm down [[Shiva|Mahadev]]'s rage, during his cosmic dance.<ref>{{cite web
|author=আনন্দ উৎসব ডেস্ক
|title=Tarapith Legends (History and Myth of Tarapith in Birbhum) / শক্তিক্ষেত্র তারাপীঠের সঙ্গে জড়িয়ে রয়েছে কতই না কিংবদন্তী!
|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/ananda-utsav/myths/history-and-myth-of-tarapith-in-birbhum-dgtl-photogallery-prnt/cid/1638542
|website=Ananda Utsav (Anandabazar)
|publisher=Anandabazar Patrika
|date=8 October 2025
|access-date=8 December 2025
|language=bn
}}</ref><ref name="es"></ref> [[Vashistha|Vashishta Muni]], who first saw it, started worshipping there and the place was later developed into a temple. In addition to the temple, Tarapith is closely associated with the mystic saint [[Bamakhepa]], who is said to have had deep spiritual experiences in this area.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaushiki Amavasya- Bamakhyapa in Tarapith: ধ্যানমগ্ন বামাক্ষ্য়াপা মা তারার আবির্ভাব পান কৌশিকী অমাবস্যাতেই , অজানা কাহিনি |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/dharm-religion/story/kaushiki-amavasya-2023-puja-tarapith-tantra-sadhak-bamakhyapa-had-seen-maa-tara-in-his-dreams-in-tarapith-temple-devi-kali-kaushiki-amavasya-date-time-fixture-soc-677408-2023-09-13 |access-date=18 December 2024 |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=13 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> The [[Shmashana|cremation ground]] accompanying the temple is one of the most revered and popular sites for [[Tantrism|tantric practices]] in [[Shaktism]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Last Destination: Manikarnika And Tarapith |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/the-last-destination-manikarnika-and-tarapith-article-107358366 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=2 February 2024 |quote=The two crematorium grounds are sacred for Hindus and it's believed that souls who get cremated here have the blessings of Lord Shiva and Maa Tara respectively.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=এই তিন কালীসাধকের মৃত্যু ঘিরে রয়েছে রহস্য, রইল সেই সব অতিলৌকিক কাহিনি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/the-stories-regarding-the-demises-of-ramprasad-kamalakanta-and-bamakhepa-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1311771?slide=1 |access-date=18 December 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=3 November 2021 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Tarapith temple is situated near the Dwaraka river in the serene village landscape of Rampurhat-II Tehsil. Emerged in a spiritual and crowded atmosphere, the temple attracts millions of pilgrims every year. The nearest railway station is [[Rampurhat Railway Station]] while the nearest bus stop is the Tarapith Bus Stop. The [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]] is its nearest airport.<ref name="rural">{{cite news |title=Tarapith |url=https://rural.tourism.gov.in/State-Level-Finalist-Tarapith.html#:~:text=Renowned%20for%20its%20significant%20Hindu,over%207%20million%20annual%20tourists. |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=[[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Ministry of Rural Tourism India]]}}</ref>

== Legend and importance ==
[[File:तारापीठ.jpg|thumbnail|left|180px|The temple of Tarapith]]
There are several legends narrated on the origin and importance of [[Tarapith]] and the temple, all related to the goddess Tara deified in the Tarapith temple.<ref>{{cite news |last1=মুখোপাধ্যায় |first1=ভাস্কর |title=Tarapith: পঞ্চ উপাচারে মঙ্গলারতি, বিশেষ নিশি পুজো, তারাপীঠে সাড়ম্বরে তারা মায়ের পুজো |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/district/kalipuja-2024-tarapith-temple-pujo-rituals-birbhum-news-1102687 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=31 October 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>

A well-known legend relates to the ''Shakti Pith''s.<ref name="Dalrymple, p. 210-211">Dalrymple, pp. 210-211</ref> [[Sati (goddess)|Sati]], [[Shiva]]'s counterpart, felt insulted when her father [[Daksha]] deliberately did not invite Shiva to the great [[yajna|yajña]] "the fire sacrifice" he organized. Despite Shiva's refusal citing that they're not invited, when Sati however arrived to the place, Daksha insulted Shiva by saying cuss words for him in front of all the attendants. Unable to bear this humiliation of her husband, Sati gave up her life by jumping into the yajña fire. Infuriated by this tragic turn of events, Shiva went wild. Then, [[Vishnu]], in order to pacify Shiva, decimated the body of Sati with his [[chakram]]. Sati's body part fell all over the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The places where the body parts fell have become centres of worship of the Goddess in different manifestations. There are 51 such holy temples which are called ''Shakti Pith''s. In West Bengal, there are many such ''pith''s such as the [[Kalighat]].<ref>Kinsley p. 109</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Saha |first1=Pritam |title=10 Most Popular Maa Kali Temples in India |url=https://zeenews.india.com/web-stories/india/10-most-beautiful-maa-kali-temples-in-india-2615583 |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Zee News]] |date=30 May 2023}}</ref>

[[Vashistha]] had seen this form and worshipped the goddess Sati in the form of Tara. Another legend describes the following: Shiva had drunk the poison that had emerged by the [[Samudra manthan|churning of the cosmic oceans]], to save the universe. To relieve the intense burning in his throat, Sati – in the form of Tara – breast fed Shiva to relieve him of the effect of poison in his throat.<ref name=prabhat></ref> Another local narration is that Vasishtha chose this place for the worship of Sati as it was already known as a Tarapith.<ref name="Kinsely, p. 106">Kinsely, p. 106</ref> Among ''pith''s, Tarapith is a ''siddha pith'', which grants enlightenment, wisdom, happiness and ''[[siddhi]]''s ("supernatural powers").<ref name="Bowen">{{cite book|editor=Bowen, Paul|title=Themes and issues in Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_bjmiUSDRkAC&q=tarapith&pg=PA237|series=World Religions: Themes and issues|year=1998|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|pages=237, 239|isbn=9780304338511}}</ref>

Another oral legend about the temple states that the sage Vashishtha practised austerities toward Tara, but was unsuccessful, so on the advice of a divine voice, he went to meet [[Gautama Buddha in Hinduism|the Buddha]] – an [[avatar]] of Vishnu according to some schools of [[Hinduism]] – in [[Tibet]]. The Buddha instructed Vasishtha to worship Tara through the practices of [[vamachara]]. During this time, Buddha had a vision of Tarapith as an ideal location for a temple that would serve to enshrine the image of Tara. Buddha advised Vasishtha to go to Tarapith, the abode of Tara. At Tarapith, Vasishtha performed penance by reciting Tara [[mantra]] 300,000 times. Tara was pleased with Vasishtha's penance and appeared before him. Vasishtha appealed to Tara to appear before him in the form of a mother suckling Shiva on her breast, the form that Buddha had seen in his divine vision. Tara then incarnated herself in that form before Vasishtha and turned into a stone image. Since then Tara is worshipped in the Tarapith temple in the form of a mother suckling Shiva on her breast.<ref name="Kinsely, p. 106">Kinsely, p. 106</ref><ref>Kinsley pp. 97-8</ref>

Tarapith, Kalighat and [[Nabadwip]] are considered among the most important [[Theertham|tirtha]]s (holy places with a [[sacred water body]]) for [[Bengali Hindus]].<ref name="Bowen"/><ref>{{cite news |title=বছরের শেষ দিনে তারাপীঠ মন্দিরে ভিড়, পরিস্থিতি সামলাতে বাড়তি পুলিশ মোতায়েন |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/video/video-story-tarapith-mandir-crowed-by-pilgrims-on-31-december-dgtld/cid/1395885 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=31 December 2022 |language=bn}}</ref>

== The shrine as a Sidhha Pith - Tarapith ==
[[File:Gateway_of_Tarapith.jpg|thumb|210px|Gateway of Tarapith]]
{{main|Daksha Yaga|Shakti Peethas}}
The shrine gets its name being a Sidhha Pith - Sidhha Pith holy temple of Tara Maa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Sayani |title=মাঝরাত থেকে পুজোর লাইন, কৌশিকী অমাবস্যায় তারাপীঠে ভক্তের ঢল |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/religion/kaushiki-amavasya-devotees-throng-tarapith-temple-for-tarama-darshan/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=14 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=prabhat>{{cite news |title=Satipeeth Tarapeeth became Siddhapeeth, the influence of Maa Tara is still alive, know the secret behind it. |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/top-stories/satipeeth-tarpeeth-became-siddhapeeth-the-secret-behind-the-influence-of-maa-tara-is-still-alive-today-snk |access-date=10 October 2024 |work=[[Prabhat Khabar]] |date=13 September 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> They are believed to have originated due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati Devi, when [[Shiva]] carried it and wandered in sorrow. There are 51 Shakti Peeth all over South Asia is linked to the 51 letters in Sanskrit. The Shakti Peethas are associated with ''the mythology of Daksha yaga and Sati's self immolation''. These shrines are important place of worship for Tantra practitioners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kottiyoor Devaswam Temple Administration Portal|url=http://kottiyoordevaswom.com/|work=kottiyoordevaswom.com/|publisher=Kottiyoor Devaswam|access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy Chowdhury |first1=Arpita |title=Kaushiki Amavasya Bhog at Tarapith Temple: ভাত, লুচি, পোড়া শোলমাছ...কৌশিকী অমাবস্যায় দেবীকে কী কী ভোগ নিবেদন করা হয় তারাপীঠে, জানুন এই পুণ্যতিথিতে |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/life-style/kaushiki-amavasya-tarapith-temple-bhog-prasad-includes-colourful-variation-arc-1833486.html |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[News18]] |date=2 September 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Maa Tara and the rituals ==
[[File:MaaKaliatTarapith.JPG|thumb|left|Maa Mundamalini at Mundamalini temple in Tarapith]]
[[File:Tarapith Temple 04.jpg|thumb|Inside the temple complex]]
The Tara temple in Tarapith is a medium-sized temple in the rural precincts of Bengal. Its fame as a pilgrimage centre with the deity of Tara enshrined in it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kali Puja: Devotees visit Tarapith in WB to offer prayers |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/kali-puja-devotees-visit-tarapith-in-wb-to-offer-prayers20221024155637/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Asian News International|ANI]] |date=24 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=8 temples in India that are famous for their non-vegetarian Prasad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/8-temples-in-india-that-are-famous-for-their-non-vegetarian-prasad/photostory/92806809.cms |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=13 July 2022}}</ref>

The temple base is thick with thick walls, built of red brick. The superstructure has covered passages with many arches raising to the pinnacle with a spire (''[[shikara]]''). The image of the deity is enshrined under the eaves in the sanctum. There are two Tara images in the sanctum. The stone image of Tara depicted as a mother suckling Shiva – the "primordial image" (seen in the inset of the fierce form of the image of Tara) is camouflaged by a three feet metal image, that the devotees normally see.<ref>{{cite news |title=তারাপীঠে কৌশিকী সন্ধ্যায় দ্বারকার আরতি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/purulia-birbhum-bankura/aarti-of-dwaraka-river-on-kaushiki-amavasya-no-moon-day-at-tarapith/cid/1542812 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=2 September 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> It represents Tara in her fiery form with four arms, wearing a garland of skulls and a protruding tongue.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dey |first1=Pallabi |title=Tarapith: ফলের মালায় সেজে উঠলেন মা, ফলহারিণী অমাবস্যায় নিশিরাতে বিশেষ পুজো তারাপীঠে |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/district/birbhum/tarapith-mandir-falharini-kalipujo-idol-dressed-up-with-fruits-garland-893041 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=30 May 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> Crowned with a silver crown and with flowing hair, the outer image wrapped in a ''[[sari]]'' and decked in marigold garlands with a silver umbrella over its head.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy Chowdhury |first1=Arpita |title=Tarapith Temple Arati Rituals: তারাপীঠের মন্দিরে পঞ্চপ্রদীপের বদলে আরতি শুরু হয় ধূপকাঠি দিয়ে! |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/south-bengal/tarapith-temple-has-a-unique-tradition-of-arati-with-incense-sticks-l18-arc-local18-1848598.html |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[News18]] |date=12 September 2024 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tarapith: পঞ্চ উপাচারে মঙ্গলারতি, বিশেষ নিশি পুজো, তারাপীঠে সাড়ম্বরে তারা মায়ের পুজো |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/district/kalipuja-2024-tarapith-temple-pujo-rituals-birbhum-news-1102687 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=31 October 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> The forehead of the metal image is adorned with red [[kumkum]] (vermilion). Priests take a speck of this kumkum and apply it on the foreheads of the devotees as a mark of Tara's blessings.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy Chowdhury |first1=Arpita |title=Tarapith Temple Phalaharini Amavasya 2024: আসছে ফলহারিণী অমাবস্যা, তারাপীঠ মন্দিরে পুণ্যলগ্নে মহাপুজোর প্রস্তুতি তুঙ্গে |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/life-style/phalaharini-amavasya-to-be-observed-following-rituals-at-tarapith-l18-arc-1682628.html |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[News18]] |date=29 May 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> The devotees offer coconuts, bananas and silk ''sari''s, and some devotees unusually offer bottles of [[whisky]].<ref name="Dalrymple, p. 211">Dalrymple, p. 211</ref><ref name="Kinsely, p. 110">Kinsely, p. 110</ref> The primordial image of Tara has been described as a "dramatic Hindu image of Tara's gentler aspect".<ref name="Kinsely, p. 106"/>

[[File:A busy day at the Tarapith Temple in Birbhum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Devotees at the Tarapith temple in Birbhum]]

The priests of the temple offer ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (worship) with great reverence, in order to reveal her motherly aspect to the devotees.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ambubachi 2024- Tarapith Mandir Maa Tara: অম্বুবাচীতে সব মাতৃ শক্তির মুখ ঢাকা থাকলেও খোলা থাকে তারাপীঠ, কেন জানেন? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/dharm-religion/story/ambubachi-2024-started-satipeeth-temples-closed-only-tarapith-temple-open-during-ambubachi-regular-puja-bhog-arati-of-maa-tara-ambubachi-rules-dos-donts-ambubachi-timing-bengali-soc-1033634-2024-06-22 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=22 June 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> Their worship blends the fierce North Indian depiction of the Sati myth of the goddess with the peaceful motherly visionary form of Tara, as seen by Buddha and his disciple Vasishtha of the Tantric tradition – the Buddhist [[Tara (Buddhism)|Tara form]].<ref name="Kinsely, p. 109">Kinsely, p. 109</ref> At Tarapith, though the softer motherly aspect of the fierce goddess is emphasized. The chanting of hymns or stotrams in her praise is also a part of the devotional appeal made to the goddess.<ref name="Kinsely, p. 109"/>

The devotees take a holy bath at the sacred tank (Jivita Kunda) adjacent to the temple before entering the temple premises to offer worship and even after the worship. The waters of the tank is said to have healing powers and even restore life to the dead.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Neogi |first1=Arjun |title=সাপের কামড়ে মৃত পুত্র জীবিত তারাপীঠের জীবিত কুণ্ডু ঘাটে স্নান করাতেই, ইতিহাস আজও বহুল প্রচলিত |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/south-bengal/kaushiki-amavsya-2023-tarapith-news-the-most-untold-story-of-maa-tara-arn-1261807.html |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[News18]] |date=1 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="Kinsely, p. 109"/>

Blood sacrifice of goats is the daily norm in the temple. Devotees who offer such goat sacrifices seek blessings from the deity.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Snehamoy |title=Tarapith, one of the most famous abodes of goddess Kali in Bengal, clocked a record six lakh footfall last weekend |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/crowd-liquor-sale-record-for-tarapith/cid/1668442 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=13 September 2018}}</ref> They bathe the goats in the holy tank near the temple before the sacrifice. They also purify themselves by taking bath in the holy tank before offering worship to the deity. The goat is then tethered to a stake, the designated post in a sand pit, and the neck of the goat butchered with a single stroke by a special sword. A small quantity of the blood of the goat is then collected in a vessel and offered to the deity in the temple. The devotees also smear their forehead with a bit of blood from the pit, as a mark of reverence to the deity.<ref name="Kinsely, p. 110">Kinsely, p. 110</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hindu Temples in India Where Nonveg Prasad is Distributed |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/hindu-temples-where-nonvegetarian-prasad-is-distributed-article-106660126 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=9 January 2024}}</ref>

== Prasad ==
Tarapith is one of the few temples in India where non-veg food is served as the [[Prasad (food offering)|prasad]].<ref>{{cite news |title=8 temples in India that are famous for their non-vegetarian Prasad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/8-temples-in-india-that-are-famous-for-their-non-vegetarian-prasad/photostory/92806809.cms |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=13 July 2022}}</ref> As per the age-old rituals, Tarapith has been a Tantric temple, where goat sacrifices are performed to seek blessings of the goddess. Goat meat (mutton) and ''[[Channa striata|shol maach]]'' are the two most indispensable part of the bhog served.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy Chowdhury |first1=Arpita |title=Tarapith Temple: তারাপীঠে মা তারার ভোগপ্রসাদে কেন দেওয়া হয় পাঁঠার মাংস ও শোল মাছ! জানুন কারণ |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/south-bengal/tarapith-tara-ma-is-worshipped-with-unique-prasad-for-this-reaosn-l18-arc-1600720-page-1.html |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[News18]] |date=10 April 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> On special events like ''Kaushiki Amavasya'', ''Phalaharini Amavasya'' and ''Ambubachi'', special bhog is served. It includes rice, fried rice, pulao, moong dal, five types of fried vegetables, five types of curries, slaughtered mutton, ''shol maach pora'', ''maach bhaja'', five types of sweets and [[kheer|payesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=দীপান্বিতা অমাবস্যা অর্থাৎ কালীপুজোয় সিদ্ধপীঠ তারাপীঠে বিশেষ আরতির পাশাপাশি দেওয়া হয় বিশেষ ভোগ ৷ |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!lifestyle/special-bhog-for-kali-puja-at-tarapith-temple-in-birbhum-wbs24103102588 |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]] |date=31 October 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>

== The temple complex ==
The temple complex houses four other temples beside the main temple which is dedicated to Maa Tara. There is the "Chandrachur Shiv temple" dedicated to [[Shiva]], "Bajrangbali temple" dedicated to [[Hanuman]] and "Maa Shashthi temple" dedicated to [[Shashthi|Maa Shashthi]]. There is also "Bamakhyapa temple" in respect of [[Bamakhyapa]], which was made at the place where he was cremated.<ref name="milleniumpost">{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Pritesh |title=Four temples at Tarapith Temple's premises set to be renovated after CM announced grant of Rs 6 cr |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/four-temples-at-tarapith-temples-premises-set-to-be-renovated-after-cm-announced-grant-of-rs-6-cr-428280 |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=Millennium Post |date=4 January 2021}}</ref>

== Spiritual tourism ==
Tarapith is one of the prime centres for spiritual tourism in [[West Bengal]] as well as Eastern India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kundu |first1=Suman Kumar |title=Economic empowerment through rural tourism: The case of Tarapith – A religious tourism destination in Birbhum District of West Bengal, India |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11494521.pdf |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=Core}}</ref> With an average of 12000 devotees daily and 7 million devotees annually visiting the Tarapith, the economy of the town thrives around it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mega Tourism Project at Tarapith, Birbhum |url=https://forestsclearance.nic.in/DownloadPdfFile.aspx?FileName=12111412101217EWVJGJustificationfortheProjectinforestland.pdf&FilePath=../writereaddata/FormA/Justification/}}</ref> Besides the Tarapith temple, the ISCKON temple, Jagannath temple, Nalateshwari temple and Akalipur Kali temple also draws large number of tourists. The place is also visited being the birth place of preachers like "Bamakhepa" and "Nityananda Thakur".<ref name="rural"></ref>

In 2023, the state government got permission from [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]] to build replicas of the 51 [[Shakta pithas|sati peeths]] in [[Tarapith]], close to the Tarapith temple on 14,682 hectares of land. Although Mamata Banerjee sanctioned the project in 2017, it was delayed due to the late sanctioning from the central government. It will benefit the common people who will be able to visit all the sati peeths at one place, which would have been otherwise not possible for them due to economic reasons. Also expected to boost the spiritual tourism in Tarapith, the state government tourism department has sanctioned {{INR|2}} crore funds for the mega project.<ref>{{cite news |last1=চট্টোপাধ্যায় |first1=শর্মিষ্ঠা |title=তারাপীঠেই ৫১ সতীপীঠের দর্শন, মিলল ছাড়পত্র, কাজ শুরু শীঘ্রই |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/bolpur-news/tarapith-temple-renovation-work-will-start-soon/98757959.cms |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=18 March 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> Mamata Banerjee has announced another project "Tarabitan", which will include 21 cottages made over 7 acres of land, within 6-7 km of the temple. {{INR|5.16}} crore have been invested in the project by the state government, which will also include a helipad, several restaurants, a parking plaza, a shopping complex and an auditorium.<ref>{{cite news |title=Work starts to develop 'Tarabitan' near Tarapith temple at Rs 5.16 cr |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/work-starts-to-develop-tarabitan-near-tarapith-temple-at-rs-516-cr-445523 |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=Millennium Post |date=5 July 2021}}</ref>

== Renovation ==
In 2023, the temple was renovated over a period of 7 days, when the main temple was closed owing to less crowd of devotees for certain trains being cancelled for 20 days.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tarapith Mandir: গর্ভগৃহ থেকে সরানো হল মা তারাকে |url=https://tv9bangla.com/videos/renovation-work-in-tarapith-temple-885652.html |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh|TV9 Bangla]] |date=21 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> It was done two years after [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|CM]] [[Mamata Banerjee]] sanctioned {{INR|16.5}} crore in 2021 for the temple renovation, in two phases of {{INR|10.5}} crore and {{INR|6}} crore. The renovations included the inner temple floor being marbled, inner walls painted, the "bedi" renovated and the outside walls repainted. The "bhog ghar" which could previously accommodate 1000 pilgrims was expanded to hold more pilgrims at a time.<ref name="milleniumpost"></ref> For that period, Maa Tara's idol was kept in the Shiva temple, located inside the temple complex. For that week, devotees were only allowed to see the deity and not enter inside, due to the small space inside the Shiva temple.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dey |first1=Pallabi |title=Tarapith: তারা মায়ের মূর্তি গেল অন্য মন্দিরে! তারাপীঠে গেলেও দর্শন হবে না মায়ের? |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/district/tara-maa-statue-idol-transfer-to-another-temple-for-a-week-as-temple-renovation-1002605 |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=21 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>

Barring the main temple, new temples were being constructed inside the temple complex in order to replace the four old temples, which were demolished later as they were in a fragile state. They temples rebuilt were the "Chandrachir Shiv temple", "Bajrangbali temple", "Maa Shashthi temple" and "Bamakhyapa temple".<ref>{{cite news |title=ভিড় কম বলে মন্দির সংস্কার শুরু তারাপীঠে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/purulia-birbhum-bankura/renovation-work-of-tarapith-temple-started-as-crowd-is-less-at-temple-premises/cid/1454018 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=22 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tarapith Mandir: তারার বিগ্রহ নিয়ে যাওয়া হল অন্য মন্দিরে, এখন কোথায় দেখা মিলবে মায়ের? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/kolkata/story/tarapith-mandir-news-tara-maa-statue-idol-transfer-to-another-temple-for-a-week-as-temple-renovation-birbhum-mandir-rampurhat-suk-637640-2023-08-21 |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=21 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>

After the renovations were completed and Maa Tara's idol was transferred back to the main, the temple committee generated a new set of rules which banned on the cracking of coconut on the floor and carrying vermillion or "alta" inside the "garbhagriha", in order to keep the floor and walls in proper condition for a longer time. The water passages of the ''garbhahriha'' were cleansed and AC was installed, as a token of devotion towards Maa Tara.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sengupta |first1=Sucheta |title=সংস্কার শেষে ৪ দিন পর গর্ভগৃহে মা তারা, তারাপীঠে পুজো দেওয়ায় জারি একাধিক নিষেধাজ্ঞা |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/religion/new-rules-for-the-visitors-after-renovation-of-tarapith-temple/ |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=25 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tarapith Mandir: নতুন নিয়ম চালু হল তারাপীঠে, পুজো দিতে যাওয়ার আগে জেনে নিন |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/dharm-religion/story/tarapith-mandir-new-rules-regulations-after-maa-tara-idol-restored-after-renovation-tarapith-temple-soc-648822-2023-08-26 |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=26 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Cremation ground ==

[[File:Tarapith.JPG|thumb|Cremation ground at Tarapith]]
The cremation ground (maha smasan), amidst dark forest surroundings, is located on the river side at the end of town limits, away from the village life and practices of the Bengali social order. In Bengal, the cremation ground of Tarapith is also considered integral to the Shakti pith. It is believed that goddess Tara can be seen in shadows drinking blood of goats which are sacrificed every day at her altar, to satiate her anger and seek favours.<ref name="Dalrymple, p. 205">Dalrymple, p. 205</ref>

Tantric practitioners believe that Tara is attracted to bones and skeletons and the cremation ground is her preferred residence. Goddess Tara's iconographic depictions show her amidst cremation grounds.<ref>{{cite news |title=ভূত চতুদর্শীর রাতে তারাপীঠে হোম-যজ্ঞ, চলে পূর্বপুরুষদের স্বর্গযাত্রার প্রার্থনা |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!state/devotees-gather-in-tarapith-on-bhoot-chaturdashi-night-west-bengal-news-wbs24103006169 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]] |date=30 October 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> Tantric practitioners have, therefore, been flocking these grounds for generations for performing their Tantric ''[[sadhana]]'' (spiritual practice); many Sadhus permanently reside here.<ref name="Kinsely, p. 111">Kinsely, p. 111</ref><ref name="Dalrymple, p. 206"/> The cremation grounds are flowed by the "dread locked ash-smeared [[sadhu]]s".<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaushik Amavasya: কৌশিকী অমাবস্যায় তারা মায়ের রাজবেশ, মন্দিরে ভিড় তন্ত্রসাধক-ভক্তদের |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/district/tarapith-temple-kaushik-amavasya-celebrated-in-tara-mandir-1008840 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=14 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> Sadhus have built their hutments, amidst [[banyan tree]]s and embellished their huts with red-painted skulls embedded into the mud walls. In addition, calendar pictures of Hindu goddesses, saints of Tarapith and a [[trishul (weapon)|trishul]] (trident) decorated with marigold garlands and skulls at the entrance are a common sight in front of the huts. Human as well as animal skulls like those of jackals and vultures – which are unfit for Tantric rites – and snake skins decorate the huts. Good skulls used for tantric rituals and for drinking purpose by the Tantrics are cured before use; skulls of virgins and people who have committed suicide are said to be powerful.<ref name="Dalrymple, p. 206">Dalrymple, p. 206</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=রামমন্দিরের উদ্বোধন উপলক্ষে যজ্ঞ তারাপীঠে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/purulia-birbhum-bankura/an-yajna-to-be-held-inside-tarapith-temple-for-the-inauguration-of-ayodhya-ram-mandir/cid/1490519 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=22 January 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Bamakhepa ==
{{Main|Bamakhepa}}
[[File:Bama Khepa.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Bamakhepa, the tantric saint of Tarapith in the 19th century]]
A saint, held in great reverence in Tarapith and whose shrine is also located in the vicinity of the Tara temple, was [[Bamakhepa]] (1837–1911)<ref name="Kinsely, p. 111"/> popularly known as the "mad saint". Bama-khepa, literally means the mad ("khepa") follower of "left handed" ("Bama" or "Vama" in [[Sanskrit]]) path – the Tantric way of worship.<ref name=prabhat></ref> Bamakhepa, goddess Tara's ardent devotee lived near the temple and meditated in the cremation grounds.<ref name="Kinsely, p. 111"/> He was a contemporary of another famous Bengali saint [[Ramakrishna]]. At a young age, he left his house and came under the tutelage of a saint named Kailsahpathi Baba, who lived in Tarapith. He perfected yoga and Tantric [[sadhana]] (worship), which resulted in his becoming the spiritual head of Tarapith. He also went to Devi Moulakhsi temple at [[Maluti]] village for worship. People came to him seeking blessings or cures for their illness, in distress or just to meet him. He did not follow the set rules of the temple and, as a result, was once assaulted by temple priests for having taken food meant as an offering for the deity.Tara Ma appeared in the dream of [[Rani Bhabani|Maharani ("Queen")]] of [[Natore]]- Rani Annadasundari Devi and told her to feed the saint first as he was her son.<ref>{{cite news |last1=ব্যানার্জী |first1=প্রীতম |title=Bamakhepa Tarapith : তারা মা-কে নিবেদনের আগেই ভোগ খেয়ে ফেলেছিলেন বামাক্ষ্যাপা, তারপর? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/dharm-religion/story/bamakhepa-and-tarapith-temple-unknown-story-kali-puja-2022-prb-460725-2022-10-19 |access-date=9 December 2024 |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=19 October 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> After this incident, Bamakhepa was fed first in the temple before the deity and nobody obstructed him.<ref name= Harding>{{Cite book|last= Harding|first= Elizabeth U.|title= Kali: the black goddess of Dakshineswar|pages=275–279|access-date=2010-06-26| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4woiJbQTsBQC&q=The+tantric+Tarapith&pg=PA274|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|year=1998|isbn=81-208-1450-9}}</ref> It is believed that Tara gave a vision to Bamakhepa in the cremation grounds, in her ferocious form, before taking him to her breast.<ref name="Kinsely, p. 111"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Anamika |title=তারাপীঠ: ছেলে-মায়ের ভালোবাসার অনন্য গল্প বামাক্ষ্যাপার তিরোধান দিবসে |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/astrology/bamakhepa-date-of-birth-mythological-story-31658332518600.html |access-date=10 December 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 July 2022 |language=bn}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book|last= Dalrymple|first=William|title=Nine Lives|pages=203–233|access-date=2010-06-19|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yA1YPgAACAAJ&q=Nine+Lives+William+Dalrymple|publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|year= 2009|isbn= 978-1-4088-0153-6}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nETj-4OaYEC|last=Kinsley|first=David R.|title=Tantric visions of the divine feminine: the ten mahāvidyās|publisher=University of California Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-520-20499-7}}

== External links ==
* [https://tarapithmandir.com/ Tarapith website]
* [http://tarapith.in/ Tarapith website]

{{Portal bar|Hinduism|India}}

{{Shaktism}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}
{{Hindu temples in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]]
[[Category:Birbhum district]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Shakta pithas]]
[[Category:Pilgrimage in India]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Birbhum district]]

Park Circus

2026-02-11T13:35:09Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement


| name = Park Circus 
| official_name =
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| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = City
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]

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| seat = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
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| parts = [[Ward No. 60, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|60]], [[Ward No. 61, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|61]], [[Ward No. 64, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|64]], [[Ward No. 65, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|65]], [[Ward No. 66, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|66]], [[Ward No. 69, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|69]]
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| coordinates = {{coord|22.5392|N|88.3700|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[West Bengal]]}}|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 700014, 700017, 700046
| area_code = +91 33
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
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[[File:Park Palace - Park Circus 7 Point Crossing 2013-06-19 8981.JPG|thumb|Park Palace, Park Circus]]
[[File:Park Circus Ground - Kolkata 2011-10-16 160438.JPG|Park Circus Ground|thumb]]

'''Park Circus''' is a neighbourhood of [[South Kolkata]] in [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is one of the important junctions in South Kolkata.

==Geography==
===Police district===
Karaya police station is in the [[Divisions of Kolkata Police|South-east division]] of [[Kolkata Police]].<ref name="police">{{cite web| url = http://www.kolkatapolice.gov.in/division.asp?ID=6&Division=N |title = Kolkata Police, South-east Division |work= Karaya police station | publisher= KP | access-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref>

Karaya Women Police Station, at the same address, has jurisdiction over all police districts under the jurisdiction of South East Division i.e. Topsia, Beniapukur, Ballygunge, Gariahat, Lake, Karaya, Rabindra Sarobar and Tiljala.<ref name="police" />

===Location===
Park Circus is flanked by [[Entally]] and [[Sealdah]] to its north, [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park Street]] and [[Chowringhee]] to its west, [[Taltala]] to its north west, [[Tangra, Kolkata|Tangra]] to its north east, [[Topsia]] to its east and [[Ballygunge]] to its south. It is connected to both [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park Street]] and [[AJC Bose Road]].

==Notable persons==
* [[Leander Paes]], lawn tennis player
* [[Abdullah Abu Sayeed]], Bangladeshi writer

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Park Circus, Kolkata}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Kolkata/South}}

{{Neighbourhoods in South Kolkata}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]

Mallika Badrinath

2026-02-08T12:05:25Z

Samyakk clothing: new

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mallika Badrinath
| image =
| alt = Mallika Badrinath
| caption = Mallika Badrinath
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Tamilnadu]], [[India]]
| years_active = 1989-present
| occupation = food writer, cookbook author, TV chef
| website = {{URL|http://www.mallikascookery.com}}
}}

'''Mallika Badrinath''' is an Indian [[food writer]], [[chef]], [[cookbook]] author and host of [[cooking show]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mallika Badrinath – The Culinary Queen|url=http://vwomen.vasavians.com/2018/02/mallika-badrinath-the-culinary-queen/|accessdate=25 April 2018|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184041/http://vwomen.vasavians.com/2018/02/mallika-badrinath-the-culinary-queen/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

She is the author of 29 cookery books in English and 30 books in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], together containing more than 4,000 recipes. Some of her books have been translated into [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]] and [[Hindi]]. Her books include the Tamil “Siru Dhaniya Samayal” series, containing recipes using traditional nutritious ingredients and [[millet]]s such as Sirudhaniyangal Ragi, kambu, Saamai, thinai, varagu, cholam and kudhiraivali.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mallika Badrinath - a Biography|url=http://vwomen.vasavians.com/2018/02/mallika-badrinath-the-culinary-queen/|accessdate=25 April 2018|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184041/http://vwomen.vasavians.com/2018/02/mallika-badrinath-the-culinary-queen/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Born and brought up in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], a town in [[Tamilnadu]], [[India]], Mallika completed her Bachelors in Home Science from Salem. In the late 1980s, at the age of 21, she married Badrinath, a [[chartered accountant]] from [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Padmanabhan|first1=Geeta|title=A classic culinary record|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/is-this-the-oldest-tamil-cookbook-to-be-published/article7641769.ece|accessdate=25 April 2018|work=The Hindu|date=11 September 2015}}</ref> In an interview with [[The Hindu]], she admitted to have rarely cooked before marriage as they lived in a large joint family of 25, and had a cook and an assistant cook to do the cooking. However, she was interested in recipes and collected them in a scrap book, writing all of them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vwomen.vasavians.com/2018/02/mallika-badrinath-the-culinary-queen/|title=Mallika Badrinath – The Culinary Queen|website=Vasavians|accessdate=25 April 2018|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184041/http://vwomen.vasavians.com/2018/02/mallika-badrinath-the-culinary-queen/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Literary career==
In Chennai, Mallika continued to cook and collect [[recipes]]. These included recipes that she had received from her mother and aunt, which she would rewrite into notebooks, with variations based on her experience. Soon, she had 10 such handwritten books, including 80 recipes for side dishes. Her husband encouraged her to publish these recipes, resulting in her first book "100 Vegetarian Recipes" published in 1988. As her books became popular she took up writing full-time, publishing later books through her own publishing house "Pradeep enterprises". Her husband, Badrinath, too reduced his work to help her market her books.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Muthalaly|first1=Shonali|title=Love in spoonfuls|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/love-in-spoonfuls/article4054471.ece|accessdate=25 April 2018|work=The Hindu|date=1 November 2012}}</ref>

The 1990s saw an increase in access to cable television in India, however there were few cookery programs in regional language such asTamil. As a result, Mallika began to get offers for television shows on cookery, initially with [[Doordarshan]] and then with [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Keerthana|first1=R|title=Women power: Recipe for success|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/downtown/women-power-recipe-for-success/article3425239.ece|accessdate=25 April 2018|work=The Hindu|date=4 May 2012}}</ref>

Mallika says she tries to write one book per year.

==Other ventures==
In 1999, Mallika started to market ''[[Spice mix|masalas]]'' (Indian cooking powders) under the company "Mallika Home Products", often known as MHP. She continues to write articles related to cooking in magazines including [[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]], [[Kumudam]], Mangaiyar Malar, Snegithi, Porpadham and Gokulam kadir. She has hosted cookery shows on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] (Ungal Manasukku Pidichadhu Mattum), [[Jaya TV]] (“Arusuvai Neram”) where her shows have run for more than 15 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.awesomecuisine.com/authors/mallika-badrinath|title=Contributions by Mallika Badrinath|website=Awesome Cuisine|date=23 March 2008 |accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> She has also featured in cookery shows in [[Polimer TV]] and [[Shakthi TV|Sakthi TV-Sri Lanka]]. She hosts her own [[YouTube]] channel called "Mallika's cookery".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.awesomecuisine.com/foodguide/12/mallika-badrinath-kitchen-tips.html|title=Mallika Badrinath's kitchen tips|website=Awesome Cuisine|accessdate=25 April 2018|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425183814/https://www.awesomecuisine.com/foodguide/12/mallika-badrinath-kitchen-tips.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mallika is married and lives in Chennai with her husband. They have two children, from whom they have three grandchildren.

==Awards==
Mallika has received a number of awards including the “Priyadarshini Award” in 1998, which is given to women entrepreneurs in India. Her other awards include:
*“Mahila Ratna” Award - presented by the Tamil Nadu Arya Vysya Mahila Sabha in 1998
*“Arusuvai Gnaana Kalamani” Award presented by the Thenn Indhiya Samayal Kalaignargal Sangam
*“Acharya Award” in the field of cooking presented by Call Chennai in 2006
*“Best Cookery Show Host” Award presented by the Mylapore Academy in 2006
*“Arusuvai Arasi” Award presented by International Lions Clubs in 2008
*“Nala Maharani” conferred by Kungumam – Tamil magazine
*“Professional Excellence Award” by Rotary Club – Tirunagar & My Madurai
*“Sigaram Thotta Penmani” Award by [[Vijay TV]] on Women`s Day 2012

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Badrinath, Mallika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cookbook writers]]
[[Category:Indian women food writers]]
[[Category:Indian television chefs]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Chefs of Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Writers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian women chefs]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Krishna (Telugu actor)

2026-02-05T22:26:02Z

Samyakk clothing: rework intro per standard format and added references after review

{{short description|Indian actor and filmmaker (1943–2022)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Krishna
| image = Krishna1964.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1943|5|31}}
| birth_place = [[Burripalem]], [[Madras Province]], [[British India]] (now [[Andhra Pradesh]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|11|15|1943|5|31}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/krishna-dead-dies-telugu-film-star-1235432915/|title=Krishna, Telugu Film Star of the 1980s, Dies at 79|first=Patrick|last=Frater|date=15 November 2022}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], India
| birth_name = Ghattamaneni Siva Rama Krishna Murthi
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor| film producer|film director| politician}}
| works = [[Krishna filmography|Full list]]
| othername = {{ plain list |
* Nata Sekhar
* Superstar
}}
| spouse = {{ plain list |
* Indira Devi
* [[Vijaya Nirmala]]
}}
| children = 5, including [[Mahesh Babu]]
| relatives =
| family = [[List of South Indian film families#Ghattamaneni family|Ghattamaneni family]]
| honours = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}

'''Ghattamaneni Siva Rama Krishna Murthy'''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-05-31 |title=Super Star Krishna Biography: Age, Personal life, Career, Political entry, Movies, Death |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/biography/super-star-krishna-biography-age-personal-life-career-political-entry-movies-death-800050 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> (31 May 1943 – 15 November 2022), known [[mononymously]] as '''Krishna''', was an Indian actor, director, and producer known for his work in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Superstar Krishna bids goodbye to films & politics|date=25 December 2012|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/superstar-krishna-bids-goodbye-to-films-politics.html|publisher=123 Telugu|access-date=25 December 2012}}</ref> In a career spanning more than five decades, he starred in over 350 films in a variety of roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-18 |title=Tollywood Superstar Krishna's Rare Record Difficult For Any Telugu Star To Achieve |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tollywood-superstar-krishnas-rare-record-difficult-for-any-telugu-star-to-achieve-5398801.html |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He is referred to as "Superstar" and "Nata Sekhara" in the media.<ref name="it">{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=31 May 2020 |title=Superstar Krishna turns 77: Son Mahesh Babu and Chiranjeevi share heartwarming posts on birthday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/superstar-krishna-turns-77-son-mahesh-babu-and-chiranjeevi-share-heartwarming-posts-on-birthday-1683919-2020-05-31 |access-date=2021-03-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In 2009, for his contributions to [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]] the Indian government awarded him the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian award in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/26/stories/2009012660050100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129030039/http://hindu.com/2009/01/26/stories/2009012660050100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 January 2009 |title=Awards for 5 persons from State |date=26 Jan 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 Jan 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Australian-stamp-in-honour-of-Krishna/articleshow/17912457.cms|title=Australian stamp in honour of Krishna|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 January 2017 |access-date=25 March 2018}}</ref> He was elected as a Member of Parliament for the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] in 1989.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-16 |title=Celluloid to politics: Superstar took '84 poll plunge, won Eluru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/celluloid-to-politics-superstar-took-84-poll-plunge-won-eluru/articleshow/95542975.cms |access-date=2024-04-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 1997, he received the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] in addition to Honorary doctorate from [[Andhra University]] in 2008.

Krishna began his film career with minor roles in films such as ''[[Kula Gotralu|Kula Gothralu]]'' (1961), ''[[Padandi Munduku|Padandi Mundhuku]]'' (1962), and ''[[Paruvu-Prathishta|Paruvu Prathishta]]'' (1963). He debuted as a [[Leading actor|lead actor]] with the 1965 film ''[[Thene Manasulu (1965 film)|Thene Manasulu]]'' and went on to star in films such as ''[[Sakshi (film)|Sakshi]]'' (1967), which won critical acclaim at the Tashkent Film Festival in 1968.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/|title=Archive News|website=The Hindu|access-date=25 March 2018}}</ref> In 1972, he starred in ''[[Pandanti Kapuram]]'', which garnered the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]] for that year. He has essayed roles across different genres including [[Hindu mythological film|mythological]], [[Drama (film and television)|drama]], [[Western (genre)|western]], [[Fantasy film|fantasy]], [[Action film|action]], [[Spy film|spy]], and [[Historical drama|historical]] films.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-11-15 |title=James Bond of Telugu Cinema is no more; film fraternity slips into shock |url=https://newsmeter.in/entertainment/james-bond-of-telugu-cinema-is-no-more-film-fraternity-slips-into-shock-703600 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=newsmeter.in |language=en}}</ref>

Krishna is recognised for contributing to several technological advancements in Telugu cinema, including the first full-length [[CinemaScope|Cinemascope]] film, [[Alluri Seetarama Raju (film)|''Alluri Seetarama Raju'']] (1974), and the first [[70 mm film]], [[Simhasanam (1986 film)|''Simhasanam'']] (1986). He also introduced the spy genre with ''[[Gudachari 116]]'' (1966) and the [[Western (genre)|western genre]] with [[Mosagallaku Mosagadu (1971 film)|''Mosagallaku Mosagadu'']] (1971).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Vaishali |date=2022-11-15 |title=Superstar Krishna's life in photos: Tollywood legend, Mahesh Babu's father gave many firsts to Telugu cinema |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/entertainment-superstar-krishna-life-in-photos-tollywood-legend-mahesh-babu-father-dies-gave-many-firsts-to-telugu-cinema-latest-news-2022-11-15-823888 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website= |language=en}}</ref> Notably, ''Mosagallaku Mosagadu'' is considered the first true western genre film in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref name=":02">{{cite web |date=31 May 2023 |title=Revisiting Mosagallaku Mosagadu: Superstar Krishna's Western still holds magic |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/revisiting-mosagallaku-mosagadu-superstar-krishna-western-still-holds-magic-8639319/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710091459/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/revisiting-mosagallaku-mosagadu-superstar-krishna-western-still-holds-magic-8639319/ |archive-date=10 July 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Following ''Gudachari 116'', Krishna also featured in several spy films.

Krishna directed 17 feature films and produced many films under his [[Padmalaya Studios]] banner along with his brothers Adiseshagiri Rao and Hanumantha Rao.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=31 May 2019 |title=Happy Birthday Ghattamaneni Krishna: Interesting facts about the super star of Tollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-ghattamaneni-krishna-interesting-facts-about-the-super-star-of-tollywood/articleshow/69595475.cms |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> As a director, his works include ''[[Sankharavam (1987 film)|Sankharavam]]'' (1987), ''[[Mugguru Kodukulu]]'' (1988), ''[[Koduku Diddina Kapuram]]'' (1989), ''[[Balachandrudu|Bala Chandrudu]]'' (1990), and ''[[Anna Thammudu (1990 film)|Anna Thammudu]]'' (1990), with his son, [[Mahesh Babu]], playing key roles in these films.

He is also noted for pairing up with the same leading actress on scores of productions. He worked with [[Vijaya Nirmala]] on 48 films and with [[Jaya Prada|Jayaprada]] on 47. He worked with major directors including [[Adurthi Subba Rao]], [[K. S. R. Das]], [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]], [[K. Viswanath]], [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]], [[Dasari Narayana Rao]], and [[K. Raghavendra Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=2022-11-15 |title=Krishna, Telugu Film Star of the 1980s, Dies at 79 |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/krishna-dead-dies-telugu-film-star-1235432915/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> He died on 15 November 2022 due to cardiac arrest.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gabbeta Ranjith Kumar |date=15 November 2022 |title=Krishna: An icon whose contribution to Telugu cinema is unparalleled |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/krishna-an-icon-whose-contribution-to-telugu-cinema-is-unparalled-8268464/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=Veteran Telugu actor Krishna passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/veteran-telugu-actor-krishna-passes-away/article66138471.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
Krishna was born on 31 May 1943 in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family to Ghattamaneni Raghavayya Chowdary and Ghattamaneni Nagaratnamma in [[Burripalem]], [[Guntur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Happy Birthday Ghattamaneni Krishna: Interesting facts about the super star of Tollywood|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-ghattamaneni-krishna-interesting-facts-about-the-super-star-of-tollywood/articleshow/69595475.cms|access-date=2020-07-29|website=The Times of India|date=31 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-16 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Burripalem village mourns its 'quiet benefactor' son Krishna |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/andhra-pradesh-burripalem-village-mourns-its-quiet-benefactor-son-krishna/articleshow/95545737.cms |access-date=2024-04-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Krishna was married to Indira Devi. They had five children: two sons, film producer [[Ramesh Babu]] and actor [[Mahesh Babu]]; and three daughters, Padmavathi, [[Manjula Ghattamaneni|Manjula]], and Priyadarshini.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-15 |title=Mahesh Babu's father superstar Ghattamaneni Siva Rama Krishna passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/mahesh-babus-father-superstar-ghattamnaneni-siva-rama-krishna-passes-away/articleshow/95520725.cms |access-date=2024-04-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Krishna later married [[Vijaya Nirmala]].<ref name="samayam">{{Cite web|title=సుదీర్ఘ సినీ ప్రస్థానం.. ఎన్నెన్నో మలుపులు.. తెలుగు సినీ చరిత్రలో!!|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/super-star-krishna-birthday-special-article/articleshow/76115520.cms|access-date=2021-03-15|website=[[Samayam Telugu]]|language=te}}</ref>

==Film career==
===Early work: 1962–1965===

His career began with minor roles in films such as ''[[Padandi Munduku]]'' (1962), ''[[Kula Gotralu]]'' (1962) and ''[[Paruvu-Prathishta]]'' (1963). He then acted in ''[[Thene Manasulu (1965 film)|Thene Manasulu]]'' (1965) which changed his career.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-15 |title=Super Star Krishna retires from movies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/super-star-krishna-retires-from-movies/articleshow/17759654.cms |access-date=2024-04-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> There was pressure to remove Krishna from the film owing to concerns expressed by buyers, though [[Adurthi Subba Rao|Adurthi]] was adamant about his decision. ''Thene Manasulu'' ultimately hit screens and was a resounding box office success.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Superstar Krishna: His arrival with Thene Manasulu signalled the dawn of a new era in Telugu cinema |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/superstar-krishna-his-arrival-with-thene-manasulu-signalled-the-dawn-of-a-new-era-in-telugu-cinema/c10886ed2474 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

===Breakthrough: 1966–1975===

Krishna became a household name with the runaway success of the iconic Telugu spy film ''[[Gudachari 116|Gudachaari 116]]'' (1966). He was also known as the Andhra [[James Bond (literary character)|James Bond]] after he brought many James Bond-style [[Spy film|spy movies]] to the Telugu silver screen.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=H |first=Murali Krishna C. |date=2022-11-15 |title=Krishna: The man who strode Telugu cinema like a colossus for six decades |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2022/Nov/15/krishna-the-man-who-strode-telugu-cinema-like-a-colossus-for-six-decades-2518519.html |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Though [[action film]]s were his forte, Krishna also acted in family drama films such as ''[[Marapurani Katha]]'' (1967), ''Atthagaaru Kotthakodalu'' (1968) and ''[[Undamma Bottu Pedata|Undamma Bottu Pedatha]]'' (1968).

He also worked with established actors, such as [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], in films such as ''[[Stree Janma]]'' (1967), ''[[Niluvu Dopidi]]'' (1968), ''[[Manchi Kutumbam]]'' (1968), ''[[Vichitra Kutumbam]]'' (1969), ''[[Akka Chellelu]]'' (1970) during this period.

Krishna and [[Vijaya Nirmala]] complimented each other in the 48 films they did together. In addition to ''[[Sakshi (film)|Sakshi]]'' (1967), Krishna and Vijaya Nirmala collaborated on ''[[Manchi Kutumbam]]'' (1968), ''[[Vichitra Kutumbam]]'' (1969), ''[[Akka Chellelu]]'' (1970), ''[[Mosagallaku Mosagadu (1971 film)|Mosagallaku Mosagadu]]'' (1971) and ''[[Pandanti Kapuram]]'' (1972). Krishna became famous across the nation when his family drama ''Pandanti Kapuram'', which ran for over 175 days in the erstwhile Andhra Pradesh, earned him a slot in the highly competitive family hero league and a [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu]].

At this time, Krishna established his production house, [[Padmalaya Studios|Padmalaya Movies]] and produced several big-budget films such as ''Agni Pariksha'' (1970), ''[[Mosagallaku Mosagadu (1971 film)|Mosagallaku Mosagadu]]'' (1971), ''[[Pandanti Kapuram]]'' (1972) and ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' (1973). With his second wife Vijaya Nirmala, Krishna set up another production house called Vijaya Krishna movies, and produced some critically acclaimed films, including ''Meena'' (1973) and ''[[Devadasu (1974 film)|Devadasu]]'' (1974).

Krishna broke many records with his 100th film ''[[Alluri Seetarama Raju (film)|Alluri Seetarama Raju]]'' (1974) under his home banner Padmalaya Studios. The biographical action film won the [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics]] for the song 'Telugu Veera Levara' penned by the late poet [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]]. The film also won the [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film]] and was screened at the [[International Film Festival of India]] and the Tashkent Film Festival. The film ran in theatres for 175 days and emerged as the highest-grossing Telugu film of the year. Such was the success of ''Alluri Seetarama Raju'' that none of his next 14 films could match the hype for the classic, and they hardly made a mark at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |title=5 Technological firsts introduced by Superstar Krishna to Telugu cinema |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/5-technological-firsts-superstar-krishna-introduced-to-telugu-cinema/photostory/95528732.cms?picid=95529249 |access-date=2024-04-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===Continued success: 1976–1989===

With star heroine [[Jaya Prada]], Krishna worked in about 47 movies. They were paired for the first time on screen with the 1976 film ''Shri Rajeshwari Vilas Coffee Club''. He then worked with her on ''Eenati Bandham Yenatido'' (1977), ''[[Kurukshetram (1977 film)|Kurukshetram]]'' (1977), ''Agent Gopi'' (1978), ''[[Kotta Alludu]]'' (1979), ''Rahasya Gudachari'' (1981), ''[[Ooruki Monagadu]]'' (1981), ''Jataadu'' (1981), and ''[[Nivuru Gappina Nippu]]'' (1982) among others.

Krishna and [[Sridevi]] were among the most successful on-screen couples in Tollywood, having acted in about 31 films together. Some of their most memorable works are ''Burripalem Bullodu'' (1979), ''[[Gharana Donga]]'' (1980), ''Maama Allulla Sawaal'' (1980), ''[[Ram Robert Rahim]]'' (1980), ''[[Chuttalunnaru Jagratha]]'' (1980), and ''Maharajasri Mayagadu'' (1988).

Krishna redeemed himself with ''Paadi Pantalu'' (1976) and went on to headline and bankroll the mythological film titled ''Kurukshetram'' (1977). The film's announcement took the Telugu film industry by storm and also paved way for a star war with [[N. T. Rama Rao]], who went on to make ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]'' (1977) along the same lines. Following this, Krishna made a few films that directly attacked NTR, setting off the rivalry between their respective fans. His personality set him apart from his contemporaries and earned him the sobriquet ‘daring and dashing hero’.<ref name="auto"/>

1979 turned out to be an eventful year for Krishna, with six of his films becoming money spinners at the box office. 1982 was yet another milestone year for Krishna as he launched [[Padmalaya Studios]] and produced his 200th film ''Eenadu''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Rao |first=P. Sambasiva |title=Eenadu |date=1982-12-17 |type=Crime |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0779731/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |others=Krishna, Kongara Jaggaiah, Raogopalrao |publisher=Padmalaya Studios}}</ref>

Krishna and [[Vijayashanti]] starred together in some hit films such as ''[[Krishnavataram]]'' (1982), ''[[Agni Parvatam]]'' (1985), ''[[Brahmastram (1986 film)|Brahmastram]]'' (1986), ''[[Sardar Krishnama Naidu]]'' (1987), ''[[Donga Garu Swagatham]]'' (1987), ''[[Aswaddhama]]'' (1988) and ''[[Goonda Rajyam]]'' (1989).<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=RIP Krishna! From Sridevi To Vijaya Nirmala, List Of Late Superstar's Popular On-Screen Heroines |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2022/rip-krishna-from-sridevi-to-vijaya-nirmala-list-of-late-superstar-s-popular-on-screen-heroines-342803.html |access-date=2024-04-19 |website= |language=en}}</ref>

Krishna was also part of super hit films like ''[[Pachani Kapuram]]'' (1985), ''[[Simhasanam (1986 film)|Simhasanam]]'' (1986), ''[[Khaidi Rudrayya]]'' (1986), ''[[Muddayi]]'' (1987), ''[[Goonda Rajyam]]'' (1989), ''[[Gudachari 117]]'' (1989), ''[[Sahasame Naa Oopiri]]'' (1989) and ''[[Koduku Diddina Kapuram]]'' (1989).

===Later work: 1990–2016===

In the 90's, Krishna reinvented himself, playing the roles of the [[avuncular]] and ruthless gangster, big brother, and cameos in action dramas.

In 1993, he came back strongly with the unexpected super-success of ''Pacchani Samsaaram''. But it was ''[[Varasudu]]'', his second release in the year, which made him the cynosure of the film fraternity again. With the films ''[[Number One (1994 film)|Number 1]]'' (1994) and ''[[Amma Donga]]'' (1995) he had thumping successes. Krishna produced and directed the 2004 [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film ''[[Ishq Hai Tumse]]'', a remake of the Telugu film ''Sampangi''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulte.com/news/13979/Rare-honour-to-Superstar|title=Rare honour to Superstar|website=gulte.com|date=8 January 2013|access-date=25 March 2018}}</ref> The same year, he played the role of [[Jesus]] in ''[[Shanti Sandesham]]''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Reddy |first=P. Chandrasekhara |title=Shanti Sandesham |type=Musical |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13255870/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |others=Krishna |publisher=Padmalaya Studios}}</ref>

[[Andhra University]] felicitated Krishna with an honorary doctorate in 2008. In recognition of his contribution to Telugu film industry as an actor, director, producer and writer, the government of India awarded him [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/telugu/movie-actor/krishna-ghattamaneni|title=Telugu Movie Actor Krishna Ghattamaneni Biography, News, Photos, Videos|website=nettv4u}}</ref>

Krishna’s last major movie to be released was ''[[Sri Sri (film)|Sri Sri]]'' in 2016 after which he bid adieu to films and had stayed away from the limelight.<ref name="auto1"/>

==Political career==
Krishna joined the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] under the leadership of [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. He contested in the 1989 elections from the Parliament constituency in [[Eluru]] and won the seat. At the same time, [[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]] was leading the National Front and was at the pinnacle of his political career. By a margin of 71,000 votes, he defeated Bolla Bulliramaiah, the TDP's incumbent [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]. However, Krishna was defeated by Bulliramaiah in the ensuing 1991 election by a margin of 47,000 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994551292/Krishna-A-Daring-Hero-In-Politics-Too|title=Krishna – A Daring Hero In Politics Too|website=indiaherald.com}}</ref>

==Death==
On 14 November 2022, Krishna suffered a heart attack and was rushed to a hospital in Hyderabad. His health deteriorated and he was put on a ventilator. He died in the early hours of 15 November 2022, at the age of 79.<ref>{{cite news |title=Super Star Krishna: సూపర్‌ స్టార్ కృష్ణ కన్నుమూత |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-ghattamaneni-krishna-died-with-cardiac-arrest-in-continental-hospital-121668472704536.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115030226/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-ghattamaneni-krishna-died-with-cardiac-arrest-in-continental-hospital-121668472704536.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times Telugu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Krishna: దివికేగిన బుర్రిపాలెం బుల్లోడు.. 'సూపర్‌స్టార్‌' కృష్ణ ఇకలేరు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/legendary-telugu-actor-krishna-passed-away/0201/122214759 |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Mahesh Babu's father superstar Ghattamaneni Siva Rama Krishna passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/mahesh-babus-father-superstar-ghattamnaneni-siva-rama-krishna-passes-away/articleshow/95520725.cms |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=The Times of India |date=15 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Superstar Krishna passes away: The late legendary actor to be cremated with full state honors tomorrow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/mahesh-babu-father-passes-away-live-update-veteran-actor-krishna-babu-dies/liveblog/95524097.cms |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> On 16 November 2022, Krishna was cremated with full state honours.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Superstar Krishna to be cremated with full state honours on November 16 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/superstar-krishna-to-be-cremated-with-full-state-honours-on-november-16-2297490-2022-11-15 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Main|Krishna filmography}}

==Awards==
;Civilian Honors
* [[Padma Bhushan]] – 2009<ref name=":0" />
* Doctorate – Andhra University<ref name=":0" />

;[[Nandi Awards]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] – ''[[Alluri Seetharama Raju (film)|Alluri Sita Rama Raju]]'' – 1974<ref name=":0" />

;[[NTR National Award]]
* [[NTR National Award]] for the year 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-variety/article1667959.ece?ref=archive |title=Ilayaraja, Ambarish, Krishna get NTR award |publisher=The Hindu, Business Line |location=Hyderabad |date=30 Aug 2007 |access-date=4 Jan 2012}}</ref>

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] in 1997.<ref>https://archive.org/details/filmfare-life-time-achievement</ref><ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0315553}}

{{Nandi Award for Best Actor}}
{{NTR National Award}}
{{FilmfareLifetimeAchievementAwardSouth}}
{{Mahesh Babu}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna}}
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Actors from Guntur district]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Film producers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Film directors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Telugu film producers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1943 births]]

List of roles and awards of Shashi Kapoor

2026-01-31T19:02:47Z

Samyakk clothing: stub!

{{short description|Shashi Kapoor filmography}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
[[File:ShashiKapoor.jpg|300px|thumb|upright=1|Kapoor in August 2010]]
[[Shashi Kapoor]] was an Indian actor, film director, film producer and assistant director. He acted in Hindi and English films as the lead hero. He starred in over 150 films. He is the recipient of the [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]], three [[National Film Awards]], and two [[Filmfare Awards]].<ref name="ShashiK">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shashi-kapoor-to-get-dada-saheb-phalke-award/|title=Shashi Kapoor to get Dada Saheb Phalke award|date=23 March 2015|access-date=23 March 2015|newspaper=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|location=New Delhi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024843/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shashi-kapoor-to-get-dada-saheb-phalke-award/|archive-date=24 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===As an actor===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year !!Title !!Role !!Notes
|-
|1948
|''[[Aag (1948 film)|Aag]]''
|Young Kewal Khanna
| rowspan="4" |Child artist
|-
|1950
|''[[Sangram (1950 film)|Sangram]]''
|Young Kumar
|-
|1951
|''[[Awaara]]''
|Young Raj
|-
|1953
|''[[Daana Paani (1953 film)|Daana Paani]]''
|N/A
|-
|rowspan="2"|1961
|''Char Diwari''
|Sunil
|
|-
|''[[Dharmputra]]''
|Dilip Rai
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|1962
|''[[Prem Patra]]''
|Arun Kumar Mathur
|
|-
|''Mehndi Lagi Mere Haath''
|Deepak
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|1963
|''[[The Householder]]''
|Prem Sagar
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|''[[Yeh Dil Kisko Doon]]''
|Anand / Raja
|
|-
|''Jab Se Tumhen Dekha Hai''
|Qawwali singer
|Guest appearance
|-
|''Holiday in Bombay''
|Nath
|
|-
|1964
|''[[Benazir (1964 film) |Benazir]]''
|Anwar
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|1965
|''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]''
|Sanju
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|''[[Waqt (1965 film)|Waqt]]''
|Vijay Prasanta
|
|-
|''[[Jab Jab Phool Khile]]''
|Raja (Rajkumar)
|
|-
|''Mohabbat Isko Kahete Hain''
|Vijay
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|1966
|''[[Pyar Kiye Jaa]]''
|Ashok Verma
|
|-
|''[[Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare (1966 film)|Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare]]''
|Anwar
|
|-
|''Biradari''
|Rajan
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|1967
|''Dil Ne Pukara''
|Dr. Prakash
|
|-
|''[[Pretty Polly (film)|Pretty Polly]]''
|Amaz Hudeen
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|''[[Aamne Samne (1967 film)|Aamne Samne]]''
|Deepak / Gopal
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|1968
|''[[Haseena Maan Jayegi]]''
|Rakesh / Kamal{{efn|name="tworoles"|Kapoor played two characters.}}
|
|-
|''[[Kanyadaan (1968 film) |Kanyadaan]]''
|Amar Kumar
|
|-
|''Juaari''
|Rakesh
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|1969
|''[[Raja Saab]]''
|Raju
|
|-
|''[[Pyar Ka Mausam]]''
|Sunder / Sunil / Pyarelal
|
|-
|''[[Jahan Pyar Mile]]''
|Vrajendra / Kaleem / Richard
|
|-
|''[[Ek Shrimaan Ek Shrimati]]''
|Preetam
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|1970
|''[[Suhana Safar]]''
|Sunil
|
|-
|''[[Rootha Na Karo]]''
|Sudhir
|
|-
|''[[Abhinetri (1970 film)|Abhinetri]]''
|Shekhar
|
|-
|''[[My Love (1970 film)|My Love]]''
|Raj Kumar
|
|-
|''[[Bombay Talkie]]''
|Vikram
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|rowspan="2"|1971
|''[[Sharmeelee]]''
|Ajit Kapoor
|
|-
|''[[Patanga (1971 film)|Patanga]]''
|Shyam
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|1972
|''Chori Chori''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|-
|''[[Siddhartha (1972 film)|Siddhartha]]''
|Siddhartha
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|''[[Jaanwar Aur Insaan]]''
|Shekhar
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|1973
|''[[Aa Gale Lag Jaa (1973 film)|Aa Gale Lag Jaa]]''
|Prem
|
|-
|''[[Naina (1973 film)|Naina]]''
| Ravi
|
|-
|rowspan="7"|1974
|''[[Chor Machaye Shor]]''
|Vijay Sharma
|
|-
|''[[Paap Aur Punya]]''
|Ganga Singh / Jwala Singh{{efn|name="tworoles"|Kapoor played two characters.}}
|
|-
|''[[Roti Kapda Aur Makaan]]''
|Mohan Babu
|
|-
|''Vachan''
|Tilak
|
|-
|''Mr. Romeo''
|Ramesh Saxena
|
|-
|''[[Jeevan Sangram]]''
|Arjun
|
|-
|''[[Insaaniyat]]''
|Dilip
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|1975
|''[[Anari (1975 film)|Anari]]''
|Raj
|
|-
|''[[Deewaar]]''
|Sub Inspector Ravi Verma
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
|-
|''[[Prem Kahani (1975 film)|Prem Kahani]]''
|[[Superintendent of Police|SP]] Dheeraj Kumar
|
|-
|''[[Chori Mera Kaam]]''
|Bholanath (Bhola)
|
|-
|''[[Salaakhen (1975 film)|Salaakhen]]''
|Raju / Chander
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |1976
|''[[Kabhie Kabhie (1976 film)|Kabhi Kabhie]]''
|Vijay Khanna
|Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
|-
|''[[Shankar Dada]]''
|Inspector Ram Singh / Shankar Singh (Shankar Dada){{efn|name="tworoles"|Kapoor played two characters.}}
|
|-
|''[[Fakira (film)|Fakira]]''
|Vijay (Fakira)
|
|-
|''[[Naach Uthe Sansaar]]''
|Karmu
|
|-
|''[[Koi Jeeta Koi Haara]]''
|Ajit
|
|-
|''[[Deewaangee]]''
|Shekhar
|
|-
|''[[Aap Beati]]''
|Ranjit
|
|-
|rowspan="7"|1977
|''[[Immaan Dharam]]''
|Mohan Kumar Saxena
|
|-
|''[[Hira Aur Patthar]]''
|Shankar
|
|-
|''[[Mukti (1977 film)|Mukti]]''
|Kailash Sharma
|
|-
|''[[Doosra Aadmi]]''
|Shashi Saigal
|Cameo
|-
|''[[Farishta Ya Qatil]]''
|Nitin
|
|-
|''[[Chor Sipahee]]''
|CBI Inspector Shankar
|
|-
|''[[Chakkar Pe Chakkar]]''
|Ravi Kumar
|
|-
|rowspan="12"|1978
|''[[Rahu Ketu (1978 film)|Rahu Ketu]]''
|Ravi Kapoor
|
|-
|''[[Phaansi]]''
|Raju
|
|-
|''[[Satyam Shivam Sundaram]]''
|Rajiv
|
|-
|''[[Trishul (film)|Trishul]]''
|Shekhar Gupta
|
|-
|''[[Do Musafir]]''
|Raju / Vicky
|
|-
|''[[Trishna (1978 film)|Trishna]]''
|Vinod
|
|-
|''[[Apna Khoon]]''
|Ram Verma
|
|-
|''Muqaddar''
|Ramu Dada
|
|-
|''[[Heeralaal Pannalaal (1978 film)|Heeralaal Pannalaal]]''
|Heeralaal
|
|-
|''[[Atithee]]''
|Anand
|
|-
|''[[Amar Shakti]]''
|Chhota Kumar / Amar Singh
|
|-
|''[[Aahuti (1978 film)|Aahuti]]''
|Laxman Prasad
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|1979
|''[[Gautam Govinda]]''
|Inspector Gautam
|
|-
|''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]''
|Javed Khan
|
|-
|''[[Duniya Meri Jeb Mein]]''
|Karan Khanna
|
|-
|''[[Kaala Patthar]]''
|Ravi Malhotra
|
|-
|''[[Ahsaas]]''
|Anil Sahni
|
|-
|''[[Suhaag (1979 film)|Suhaag]]''
|Kishan Kapoor
| Also playback singer for the song "Main To Beghar Hoon"
|-
| rowspan="9" |1980
|''Jise Tu Kabool Kar Le''
|N/A
|Unreleased
|-
|''[[Kali Ghata (1980 film)|Kali Ghata]]''
|Prem
|
|-
|''[[Do Aur Do Paanch]]''
|Sunil / Laxman
|
|-
|''[[Neeyat (1980 film)|Neeyat]]''
|Vijay
|
|-
|''Ek Do Teen Chaar''
|N/A
|Unreleased
|-
|''[[Shaan (1980 film)|Shaan]]''
|Ravi Kumar
|
|-
|''[[Moushmi Chatterjee|Swayamvar]]''
|Laxman
|
|-
|''Kala Pani''
|Dharamveer
|
|-
|''Ganga Aur Suraj''
|Suraj / Vijay
|
|-
|rowspan="8"|1981
|''Pyar To Hona Hi Tha''
|N/A
|Unreleased
|-
|''[[Kranti]]''
|Shakti
|
|-
|''[[Krodhi]]''
|CBI Officer Kumar Sahni
|
|-
|''[[Kalyug (1980 film)|Kalyug]]''
|Karan Singh
|
|-
|''[[Silsila (1981 film) |Silsila]]''
|Sqn. Ldr. Shekhar Malhotra
|
|-
|''[[Baseraa]]''
|Balraj Kohli
|
|-
|''[[Vinod Khanna|Ek Aur Ek Gyaarah]]''
|Anand
|
|-
|''[[Maan Gaye Ustaad]]''
|Kishan / Prince Daulat Singh
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|1982
|''Do Guru''
|N/A
|Unreleased
|-
|''[[Vakil Babu]]''
|Shekhar
|
|-
|''[[Vijeta (1982 film)|Vijeta]]''
|Nihal Singh
|
|-
|''[[Namak Halaal]]''
|Raja Singh
|
|-
|''[[Sawaal (film)|Sawaal]]''
|Inspector Ravi Malhotra
|
|-
|''[[Bezubaan]]''
|Kumar
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|1983
|''[[Heat and Dust (film)|Heat and Dust]]''
|The Nawab
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|''[[Gehri Chot - Urf: Durdesh]]''
|Arun Khanna / Harun Khan
|
|-
|''Ghungroo''
|Senapati Vikram Singh
|
|-
|''[[Bandhan Kuchchey Dhaagon Ka]]''
|Prem Kapoor
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|1984
|''Pakhandi''
|Kishore
|
|-
|''[[Ghar Ek Mandir (film)|Ghar Ek Mandir]]''
|Prem
|
|-
|''[[Zameen Aasmaan (1984 film)|Zameen Aasmaan]]''
|Dr. Kailash
|Cameo
|-
|''[[Utsav]]''
|Samsthanak
|
|-
|''Chakma''
|N/A
|Unreleased
|-
|''Bandh Honth''
|N/A
|Unreleased
|-
|rowspan="5"|1985
|''[[Pighalta Aasman]]''
|Suraj Arora / Prakash Arora
|
|-
|''[[Aandhi-Toofan]]''
|Inspector Ranjit Singh
|
|-
|''[[Bepanaah]]''
|Ravi Malhotra
|
|-
|''[[Alag Alag]]''
|Dr. Rana
|
|-
|''[[Bhavani Junction]]''
|Raja Bhavani Pratap
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|1986
|''[[Ilzaam]]''
|Police Commissioner Ranjit Singh
|
|-
|''[[Swati (1986 film)|Swati]]''
|Dr. Rajendra Prasad
|
|-
|''[[Maa Beti]]''
|Dhanraj
|
|-
|''[[New Delhi Times (film)|New Delhi Times]]''
|Vikas Pande
|[[National Film Award for Best Actor|National Award for Best Actor]]
|-
|''[[Ek Main Aur Ek Tu (1986 film)|Ek Main Aur Ek Tu]]''
|Satyendranath Malhotra
|
|-
|''Aurat''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|-
|rowspan="7"|1987
|''Ghar Ka Sukh''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|-
|''Anjaam''
|Thakur
|
|-
|''[[Ijaazat]]''
|Sudha's Husband
|Cameo
|-
|''[[Sindoor (film)|Sindoor]]''
|Professor Vijay Choudhury
|
|-
|''[[Sammy and Rosie Get Laid]]''
|Rafi Rahman
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|''[[Pyar Ki Jeet (1987 film)|Pyar Ki Jeet]]''
|Dr. Rehman
|
|-
|''[[Naam O Nishan]]''
|Inspector Sangram Singh
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|1988
|''Woh Mili Thi''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|-
|''[[Commando (1988 film)|Commando]]''
|[[Inspector General of Police|IGP]]
|
|-
|''[[Hum To Chale Pardes]]''
|Kumar
|
|-
|''[[The Deceivers (film)|The Deceivers]]''
|Chandra Singh
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|rowspan="10"|1989
|''Bandook Dahej Ke Seenay Par''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|-
|''[[Meri Zabaan]]''
|Raja Vijay Singh
|
|-
|''[[Farz Ki Jung]]''
|Vikram
|
|-
|''[[Gair Kaanooni]]''
|Police Commissioner Kapil Khanna
|
|-
|''[[Clerk (1989 film)|Clerk]]''
|Vijay Kapoor
|
|-
|''[[Touhean]]''
|Dr. Rizvi
|
|-
|''[[Oonch Neech Beech]]''
|Motilal
|Delayed release
|-
|''Jaaydaad''
|Advocate Malhotra
|
|-
|''Apna Ghar''
|N/A
|Unreleased
|-
|''Akhri Muqabla''
|Dr. Ravi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1991
|''[[Akayla]]''
|Police Commissioner
|
|-
|''[[Raiszaada]]''
|DSP Amar Singh
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|1994
|''Saboot Mangta Hain Kanoon''
|Raja
|
|-
|''[[In Custody (film)|In Custody]]''
|Nur
|
|-
|1995
|''Faisla Main Karungi''
|Inspector Ajitkumar Singh
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|1998
|''[[Jinnah (film)|Jinnah]]''
|Narrator
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|''[[Swami Vivekananda (1998 film)|Swami Vivekananda]]''
|Rajasthani Husband
|Cameo
|-
|''[[Side Streets (1998 film)|Side Streets]]''
|Vikram Raj
|[[English language|English]] film
|-
|''[[Ghar Bazar]]''
|Amar
|Delayed release
|-
|}

===Producer===

* ''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Kalyug (1980 film)|Kalyug]]'' (1981)
* ''[[36 Chowringhee Lane]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Vijeta (1982 film)|Vijeta]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Utsav]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Ajooba]]'' (1991)

=== Assistant director===

* ''Post Box 999'' (1958)
* ''Guest House'' (1959)
* ''[[Shriman Satyawadi]]'' (1960)
* ''[[Dulha Dulhan]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Manoranjan]]'' (1974)

===Director===

* ''Vozvrashcheniye Bagdadskogo Vora'' (1988)
* ''[[Ajooba]]'' (1991)

==Awards==

===Civilian awards===

* 2011 – [[Padma Bhushan]] by the [[Government of India]]

===[[62nd National Film Awards|National Film Awards]]===
[[File:Shashi Kapoor receiving Dadasaheb Falke award from Arun Jaitley.jpg|thumb|right|Shashi Kapoor with son [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1959)|Kunal Kapoor]] and daughter [[Sanjana Kapoor]] receiving [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] from Union Minister [[Arun Jaitley]] in May 2015]]
* 2015 – [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Shashi Kapoor chosen for the prestigious Dada Saheb Phalke Award|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/shashi-kapoor-to-receive-the-prestigious-dada-saheb-phalke-award/535723-8-66.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150324085940/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/shashi-kapoor-to-receive-the-prestigious-dada-saheb-phalke-award/535723-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 March 2015|accessdate=23 March 2015|work=IBNLive}}</ref>
'''Winner'''
* 1979 – [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]] (as Producer) for ''[[Junoon (1978 film)|Junoon]]'' (1978)
* 1986 – [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] for ''[[New Delhi Times (film)|New Delhi Times]]'' (1986)
* 1994 – [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Feature Film)]] for [[In Custody (film)|''In Custody'']] (1993)

===Filmfare Awards===
* 1976 – [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] for ''[[Deewaar]]''
* 2010 – [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award|Lifetime Achievement Award]]

===Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards===
*{{Awards
| award = [[BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi)]]
| year = 1965 -
| title = [[Jab Jab Phool Khile]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/196629.htm |title=69th & 70th Annual Hero Honda BFJA Awards 2007 |publisher=Bfjaawards.com |accessdate=12 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108052343/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/196629.htm |archivedate=8 January 2010 }}</ref>
| role =
| name =
| year2 = 1988 -
| title2 = [[New Delhi Times (film)|New Delhi Times]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/198952.htm |title=69th & 70th Annual Hero Honda BFJA Awards 2007 |publisher=Bfjaawards.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108062601/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/198952.htm |archivedate=2010-01-08 |accessdate=28 July 2012}}</ref>
| role2 =
}}

===Other awards===

* 2011 – [[Mohammed Rafi]] Award<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Mohammed-Rafi-Awards-for-2011-declared/775731/|title=2011 Mohammed Rafi Awards|work=The Indian Express |date=15 April 2011 |location=India}}</ref>
*Lifetime Achievement Award
:* 2002 – The [[Cairo International Film Festival|27th Cairo International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evénements récurrents {{!}} Africultures : Festival International de film du Caire |url=https://africultures.com/evenementsrecurrents/?no=1307 |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Africultures |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
:* 2009 – The 7th [[Pune]] International Film Festival (PIFF)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibosnetwork.com/newsmanager/templates/template1.aspx?articleid=21652&zoneid=4 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630163304/http://www.ibosnetwork.com/newsmanager/templates/template1.aspx?articleid=21652&zoneid=4 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2012 |title=Hema Malini, Shashi Kapoor honored |publisher=Ibosnetwork.com |date=9 January 2009 |accessdate=12 July 2010 }}</ref>
:* 2009 – The 11th [[Mumbai Film Festival]] (MFF)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/award/filmfare-award/2009-2/ |title=Lifetime Achievement award at Mumbai Film Festival |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=29 August 2009 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123014035/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2009/08/29/13222/index.html |archivedate=23 November 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Shashi-Kapoor-to-be-feted-at-MAMI/articleshow/4943349.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829175449/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-28/mumbai/28188715_1_mami-shashi-kapoor-dimensions-mumbai-and-retrospectives|url-status=live|archive-date=29 August 2012|title=Shashi Kapoor to be feted at MAMI|location=India|work=[[The Times of India]]|date= 28 August 2009}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|0004434}}
*[http://www.panchamonline.com/ Pancham - Rahul Dev Burman]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Shashi}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]
[[Category:Director filmographies]]

Mitali Mukherjee (singer)

2026-01-22T12:55:25Z

Samyakk clothing:

{{about|the Bangladeshi singer|the Indian biologists|Mitali Mukerji}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{infobox musical artist
| name = Mitali Mukherjee
| native_name = মিতালী মুখার্জী
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Mitali Singh rehearses for their upcoming music album Aksar (3).jpg
| caption = Mukherjee in April 2012
| birth_place = [[Mymensingh]], [[Bangladesh]]
| years_active = 1978–present
| genre = Modern, classical, [[Playback singer|playback]]
| occupations = Singer
| instruments = Vocal
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]]|1980s|2022}}
}}

'''Mitali Mukherjee''' is a Bangladeshi [[Classical music|classical]] and [[playback singer]], she hails from [[Mymensingh]], [[Bangladesh]]. She received the [[National Film Awards (Bangladesh)|National Film Award]] of Bangladesh in 1982 for the song ''Ei Dunia Ekhon To Ar'' for the film ''Dui Poishar Alta''.<ref name=star/><ref name=songbird/>

==Early life and education==
Mukherjee was born in 1962 in [[Mymensingh]] to her parents Amulya Kumar Mukherjee and Kalyani Mukherjee.<ref name=sight>{{cite news|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=85297|title=Out of sight at times, but never out of mind|date=24 April 2009|accessdate=29 Oct 2015|newspaper=The Daily Star|author=Syeda Shamin Mortada}}</ref>
She began her formal training in classical music under Pt. Mithun Dey. She studied music at [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]].<ref name=star/>

==Career==

Mukherjee's first album ''"Saahil"'' was released by HMV. She collaborated with lyricist Gulzar for her album ''"Chand Parosa Hai"''.<ref name=star/> She has sung in several languages, including Punjabi, Gujarati and Tamil.<ref name=star/>

Mukherjee served as the judge of the television shows ''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa'' and ''Shera Kontho''.<ref name=songbird>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/showbiz/cover-story/news/the-flamboyant-songbird-speaks-1652251|title=The Flamboyant Songbird Speaks|date=2018-10-27|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en|author=Joana Nomrata Mazumder}}</ref>

==Songs list==
===Bengali songs===
====Film songs====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| 1981
!''Matir Putul''
| "Tumi Chokkher Aral Hoile Amar"
| Alam Khan
| Abdul Hai Al Hadi
| solo
|-
| rowspan=2| 1982
!''[[Dui Poishar Alta]]''
| "Ei Duniya Ekhon To Aar"
| Alauddin Ali
| solo
|-
!''Sohag Milon''
| "Peyechhi Ami Tare"
| Anwar Parvez
| Gazi Mazharul Anwar
| Syed Abdul Hadi
|-
| 1983
!''Asha''
| "O Keno Eto Nithur Holo"
| Alauddin Ali
| Mohammad Moniruzzaman
| solo
|-
| rowspan=2| 1993
! rowspan=2| ''Meyer Adhikar''
| "Tumi Biday Na Dile Pore"
| rowspan=2| Abu Taher
| rowspan=2| Mohammad Rafiquzzaman
| rowspan=2| Tapan Chowdhury
|-
| "Bhalobasha Jiboner Arekti Naam"
|-
| rowspan=2| 1999
! rowspan=2| ''Modhur Milon''
| "Baar Baar Shotobaar"
| rowspan=2| Alauddin Ali
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| Khalid Hasan Milu
|-
| "Eto Prem Diyo Na"
|-
| 2005
!''Phuler Moto Bou''
| "Amake Chhara Aar Kauke"
| Emon Saha
| Gazi Mazharul Anwar
| solo
|-
|}

====Non-film songs====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| 1997
!''Ogo Ruposhi''
| "Phiriye Dao"
| Bhushan Kumar
| solo
|-
| rowspan=8| N/A
! Rowspan=8| ''Praner Majhe Tumi''
| "Protidin Bhor Hoy"
| rowspan=8| Mannan Mohammad
| rowspan=8| Delowar Arjuda Sharaf
| Rowspan=5| Andrew Kishore
|-
| "Tumi Jodi Chand Hou"
|-
| "Nirapod Aashroy"
|-
| "Uttor Dike Jaite Nana"
|-
| "Mon Bagane"
|-
| "Ghum Asena Chokhe"
| rowspan=3| solo
|-
| "Ami Preme Pora"
|-
| "Je Mukh Dekhe Dekhe"
|-
|}

===Tamil songs===

# Yamunai Aatrile from Movie “Thalapati “ by Illayaraja

===Punjabi songs===
Album: Woh Bura Maan Gaye
Song: Saajan Mujhse Roothe

==Personal life==
Mukherjee was married to Ghazal singer [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]] since 1983.<ref name=star>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/music/whenever-i-visit-bangladesh-i-dont-feel-leaving-mitali-mukherjee-164323|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=30 October 2015|accessdate=30 October 2015|author=Zahangir Alom|title=Whenever I visit Bangladesh, I don't feel like leaving - Mitali Mukherjee
}}</ref> She resides in [[Mumbai]].Mitali Mukherjee has two son named Nihal Singh and another son named Amandeep Singh with her late husband, musician Bhupinder Singh. <ref name=star/> Her siblings include Pradip Mukherjee and Deepak Mukherjee (d. 1988).<ref name=songbird/>

==Awards==
*''"Gaan-e Gaan-e Gunijon Shongbordhona"'' by Citibank (2015)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/citi-bank-honours-mitali-mukherjee-155440|title=Citi Bank honours Mitali Mukherjee|date=12 Oct 2015|accessdate=30 Oct 2015|newspaper=The Daily Star|author=Zahangir Alom}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Mitali}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Mymensingh District]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi women singers]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi women singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Best Female Playback Singer National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bengali-language singers]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Bengali singers]]

Venkatesan Harikrishnan

2026-01-06T21:51:24Z

Samyakk clothing: Started A Post First Draft

{{short description|New Zealand boxer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox martial artist
| name = Venkatesan Harikrishnan
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|07|04}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_names = Harry Venka
| nationality = [[New Zealander]]
| height =
| height_ft =
| height_in =
| height_cm = 183
| height_footnote =
| weight =
| weight_lb = 170.25
| weight_kg =
| weight_class = [[Middleweight]]
| reach =
| reach_in =
| reach_cm = 183
| martial_art = Boxing
| style =
| stance = Orthodox
| fighting_out_of =
| team =
| teacher =
| trainer =
| years_active = 2006 - 2008, 2010 - 2013
| box_win = 8
| box_kowin = 1
| box_loss = 7
| box_koloss = 4
| box_draw = 1
| box_nc =
| am_win = 75
| am_kowin =
| am_subwin =
| am_loss = 20
| am_koloss =
| am_subloss =
| am_draw =
| am_nc =
| university =
| spouse =
| children =
| club =
| school =
| website = 
| boxrec = 370622
| footnotes =
| medaltemplates =
| show-medals =
| updated = 28 January 2017
}}

'''Venkatesan Harikrishnan''' (born 4 July 1982), also known as Harry Venka, is a retired New Zealand [[professional boxer]] born in India.

Harikrishnan fought against [[Frank LoPorto]] in Australia in February 2011 for the [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] - [[Pan Asian Boxing Association|PABA]] Super Welterweight title. Harikrishnan lost the bout by TKO.<ref>{{cite news |title= ShoBox Preview: Austin Trout, Michael Oliveira Get Chance to Shine on American TV|url= http://www.badlefthook.com/2011/11/11/2553842/shobox-preview-austin-trout-michael-oliveira-november-11 |work=Bad Left Hook News|access-date=16 December 2016}}</ref>

Harikrishnan's last professional bout was against [[Gunnar Jackson]], a New Zealand veteran and the New Zealand Champion at the time, in Tauranga, New Zealand. Harikrishnan has not fought since, though he has made no official announcement of his retirement.<ref>{{cite news |title= Boxing: Gunnar's too much for Venka|url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/bay-of-plenty-times/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503343&objectid=11155056 |work=NZ Heralds|access-date=16 December 2016}}</ref>

==Professional boxing record==
{{BoxingRecordSummary
|draws=1
|nc=
|ko-wins=1
|ko-losses=4
|dec-wins=7
|dec-losses=3
|dq-wins=
|dq-losses=
}}
<ref>{{cite news |title= Venkatesan Harikrishnan|url= http://boxrec.com/boxer/370622 |work=Boxrec |access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
!{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!Result
!Record
!Opponent
!Type
!Round, time
!Date
!Location
!Notes
|-
|16
|{{no2}}Lose
|8–7–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Gunnar Jackson]]
|UD
|6
|9 Nov 2013
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|TGA Stadium, [[Tauranga, New Zealand]]}}
|
|-
|15
|{{no2}}Lose
|8–6–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} Wes Capper
|TKO
|3 (6)
|9 Nov 2012
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{small|WA Italian Club, Perth, Western Australia, Australia}}
|
|-
|14
|{{no2}}Lose
|8–5–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} Eddie Delic
|UD
|8
|1 Apr 2011
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{small|Town Hall, Malvern, Victoria, Australia}}
|
|-
|13
|{{no2}}Lose
|8–4–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Frank LoPorto]]
|TKO
|4 (12) {{small|2:44}}
|18 Feb 2011
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{small|Racecourse - Atrium Room, Flemington, Victoria, Australia}}
|style="text-align:left;"|{{small|For [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] - [[Pan Asian Boxing Association|PABA]] super welterweight title}}
|-
|12
|style="background:#abcdef;"|Draw
|8–3–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Steve Heremaia]]
|{{abbr|MD|Majority Decision}}
|8
|21 Aug 2010
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|Panmure Lagoon Stadium, Panmure, New Zealand}}
|style="text-align:left;"|{{small|For vacant Auckland light middleweight title}}
|-
|11
|{{yes2}}Win
|8–3
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Steve Heremaia]]
|SD
|4
|31 Jan 2010
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|[[ABA Stadium]], [[Auckland, New Zealand]]}}
|
|-
|10
|{{no2}}Lose
|7–3
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} Jason Hartmann
|TKO
|2 (6) {{small|2:23}}
|28 Nov 2008
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{small|Mansfield Tavern, Mansfield, Queensland, Australia}}
|
|-
|9
|{{no2}}Lose
|7–2
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} Robert Medley<ref>{{cite news |title= Davey Browne Beats Tor Silachai in Campbelltown|url= http://www.eurosport.co.uk/boxing/davey-browne-beats-tor-silachai-in-campbelltown_sto1730455/story.shtml |work=Euro Sports |access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref>
|{{abbr|TKO|Technical knockout}}
|2 (6) {{small|1:53}}
|17 Oct 2008
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{small|The Cube, Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia}}
|
|-
|8
|{{yes2}}Win
|7–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} Jamie Waru<ref>{{cite news |title= New Zealand Boxing News June 2008|url= https://magazine.fighttimes.com/new-zealand-boxing-news-june-2008/ |work=Fight Times NZ |access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref>
|KO
|6
|28 Jun 2008
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|[[TSB Bank Arena]], [[Wellington, New Zealand]]}}
|
|-
|7
|{{yes2}}Win
|6–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} Paz Viejo
|UD
|4
|27 Mar 2008
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|[[ABA Stadium]], [[Auckland, New Zealand]]}}
|
|-
|6
|{{yes2}}Win
|5–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} Fale Siaoloa
|UD
|4
|28 Sep 2007
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|Manurewa Netball Centre, Manurewa, New Zealand}}
|
|-
|5
|{{yes2}}Win
|4–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} Dion McNabney<ref>{{cite news |title= New Zealand Boxing for June 2007|url= https://magazine.fighttimes.com/new-zealand-boxing-for-june-2007/ |work=Fight Times NZ |access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref>
|UD
|4
|28 Jun 2007
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|[[The Trusts Arena]], [[Auckland, New Zealand]]}}
|
|-
|4
|{{no2}}Lose
|3–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Robbie Bryant]]
|{{abbr|SD|Split Decision}}
|4
|28 Apr 2007
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{small|Lords Sports Club, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia}}
|
|-
|3
|{{yes2}}Win
|3–0
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} Sean Unwin
|{{abbr|KO|Knockout}}
|1 (6)
|1 Dec 2006
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|Cowles Stadium, Christchurch, New Zealand}}
|
|-
|2
|{{yes2}}Win
|2–0
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} Sam Faleti
|UD
|4
|11 Nov 2006
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|[[Vodafone Events Centre]], [[Manukau, New Zealand]]}}
|
|-
|1
|{{yes2}}Win
|1–0
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} Sam Faleti
|{{abbr|UD|Unanimous Decision}}
|4
|22 Sept 2006
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|NZL}} {{small|[[ABA Stadium]], [[Auckland, New Zealand]]}}
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Boxrec|id=370622}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harikrishnan, Venkatesan}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male boxers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand male boxers]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:21st-century New Zealand sportsmen]]

{{India-boxing-bio-stub}}
{{NewZealand-boxing-bio-stub}}

Prakash Nambiar

2025-12-31T07:44:35Z

Samyakk clothing: small updated section to improve readability additionally and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|Indian film producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prakash Nambiar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Prakash Nambiar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Pariyaram|Pariyaram, Kerala]] India
| alma_mater = Rachna Sansad's Academy of Architecture, [[Mumbai]]
| awards = [[Screen Awards|Star Screen Award]]
| occupation = {{Hlist | [[Film director]] | writer | [[Film producer|producer]] | author}}
| known for = [[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]
| years active = 2001–present
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
}}

'''Prakash Nambiar''' is a [[film director]], producer, film writer, animator, [[entrepreneur]] and an author based in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prakash Nambiar Animator, Writer, Director, VFX Producer |url=https://notionpress.com/author/prakash |website=Notion Press |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> He's best known for the creation of two animated characters "Hum & Tum" for [[Yash Raj Films]] under his company [[Kathaa Animations]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prakash Nambiar Director, Screenplay writer |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/prakash-nambiar/1058754 |website=Book My Show}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prakash Nambiar – Founder & CEO of Kathaa Animations |url=http://www.cgtoday.com/interview-studios/prakash-nambiar-%E2%80%93-founder-ceo-of-kathaa-animations |agency=CG today |date=22 Jan 2011}}</ref> The characters were used in the critically acclaimed award-winning film of the same name [[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]] (2004).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thanki |first1=Pratiksha |title=Not too animated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/Not-too-animated/articleshow/1209981.cms |agency=The Times of India |date=24 August 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hum Tum – From Concept to completion, Kathaa Animations |url=https://pdfcoffee.com/hum-tum-from-concept-to-completion-kathaa-animations-pdf-free.html |website=PDF COFFEE}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Team |first1=Animation Express |title=Animation Dimensions acquires Katha Animation, scales to 300 |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/animation-dimensions-acquires-katha-animation-scales-to-300/ |agency=Animation Express |date=14 December 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prakash Nambiar – The Blunder Years: Memoirs of an Introverted Teenager |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-blunder-years-prakash-nambiar/1138259558 |agency=Barnes & Noble}}</ref> Both characters are one of the most successful animated characters to be used in mainstream [[Bollywood film]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khurana |first1=Mehak |title=10 years of Hum Tum |url=https://bollyspice.com/10-years-hum-tum/ |agency=Bollyspice |date=28 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sasi |first1=Tushhar |title='Hum Tum': Kunal Kohli's Magical Romance Ages Like Exquisite Wine |url=http://filmysasi.com/hum-tum/ |agency=Filmy Sasi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=oonpur Is India's First Live Action Animation Film |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/toonpur-is-india-s-first-live-action-animation-film-1718.html |agency=India TV}}</ref>

Nambiar marked his feature film directorial debut with ''[[The Perfect Girl (2015 film)|The Perfect Girl]]'' (2015).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Paloma |title=Review: You cannot take The Perfect Girl seriously |agency=Rediff.com |date=11 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Perfect Girl UA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-perfect-girl/movie-review/48899850.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Perfect Girl – Ek Simple Si Love Story |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-perfect-girl-ek-simple-si-love-story/cast/ |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=11 September 2015 }}</ref> Nambiar's book "The Blunder Years: Memoirs of an Introverted Teenager" released on [[Amazon.com]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=THE BLUNDER YEARS|url=https://www.amazon.in/BLUNDER-YEARS-Memoirs-introverted-teenager-ebook/dp/B08F4JHKTL |website=Amazon.com |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> He is the co-founder of [[FFTG Awards|FFTG Awards Film Fest]], an annual international [[Digital film festival|digital event]], based in [[New York City|New York]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prakash Nambiar - Official Selection Committee |url=https://fftgawards.com/team-member/prakash-nambiar/ |website=FFTG Awards}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FFTG Awards Team |url=https://fftgawards.com/about/#our-team |website=FFTG Awards |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
''Prakash Nambiar'' was born into an engineering family in [[Pariyaram]] in [[Kerala]] and spent a few years there before moving to [[Bombay]], now [[Mumbai]] due to his father's machine designing work. He is an architect from the [https://rachanasansad.edu.in/m/ Rachna Sansad's Academy of Architecture].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bayer |first1=Lloyd |title=Prakash Nambiar Interview – The Perfect Girl |url=http://filmphoria.com/article/prakash-nambiar-interview/ |agency=Filmphoria |date=6 September 2015}}</ref> A chance meeting with a friend who was working at UTV Animations, introduced him to the world of animation. He soon quit his [[architecture]] career and started developing coding skills for multimedia games and founded [[Kathaa Animations]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prakash Nambiar is a very famous Animation artist |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/director/prakash-nambiar |website=net4u}}</ref> The company went on to create two animated characters titled [[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]] for the Hindi language romantic comedy film of the same name.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yash Raj Films 'Hum Tum' animation series to be based on boys vs girls theme |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/june/june185.htm |agency=Indian Television |date=24 June 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nanda |first1=Tanmaya Kumar |title=Hum Tum: a casting coup! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/hum/20040529.htm |agency=Rediff.com |date=29 May 2004}}</ref> Kathaa Animations won the [[Star Screen Award]] for Best [[Visual effects]] for its animation work in the year 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hum Tum list of awards |url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/about-us/awards/all-awards/hum-tum |website=Yashrajfilms.com}}</ref> Nambiar's body of work went on to produce and direct digital films for international brands including [[Cadbury]], [[Tanishq|Tanishq Jewelers]], several short films for [[Idea Cellular]] and [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]] featuring Indian actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prakash Nambiar |url=http://www.indiaonapage.com/bollywood/prakash-nambiar/celebrity-profile-2917/biography.htm |website=Bollywood India on a page}}</ref>

He marked his feature film directorial debut with ''[[The Perfect Girl (2015 film)|The Perfect Girl]]'' (2015) starring [[Tara Alisha Berry]], [[Teeshay Shah]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Paloma |title=Review: You cannot take The Perfect Girl seriously |agency=Rediff.com |date=11 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Perfect Girl UA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/the-perfect-girl/movie-review/48899850.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Perfect Girl – Ek Simple Si Love Story |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-perfect-girl-ek-simple-si-love-story/cast/ |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=11 September 2015 }}</ref> As of April 20, 2021 the has film over 6.5 million views on [[YouTube]] garnering positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Perfect Girl - Full Movie |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnuIS-ebpmM |website=YouTube | date=11 July 2017 |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> It's very unique among all love story ever, said Priya Raj one of the viewer. "if you are thinking about you should watch it or not, just listen to your heart and give it a shot you will love it" read another review. "Indispensable. How can just those long scenes make u fall in love" followed another review among several others.

Nambiar's upcoming directorial is a [[Biographical film|biopic]] on [[Hawa Singh]] known as the father of Indian boxing featuring [[Sooraj Pancholi]]. The film is produced by Kamlesh Singh Kushwah, [[Sam Fernandes]] and written by [[Junaid Wasi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Khan unveils first look of upcoming biopic on the father of Indian boxing - Hawa Singh |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/salman-khan-unveils-first-look-of-upcoming-biopic-on-the-father-of-indian-boxing-hawa-singh |agency=National Herald}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Hawa Singh': Salman Khan shares Sooraj Pancholi's first poster from upcoming biopic on boxing legend |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hawa-singh-salman-khan-shares-sooraj-pancholis-first-poster-from-upcoming-biopic-on-boxing-legend/articleshow/73927131.cms |agency=Times of India |date=5 February 2020}}</ref> On 4 February 2020 the first look poster for Hawa Singh was released through [[Twitter]] by Indian actor [[Salman Khan]] with the caption "Hawa se baatein karega singh (This Singh will fly)" garnering numerous views and appreciation from audience and peers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Salman Khan announces Sooraj Pancholi's next, biopic on boxer Hawa Singh |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/salman-khan-announces-sooraj-pancholi-s-next-biopic-on-boxer-hawa-singh-120020400507_1.html |agency=Business Standard |issue=Entertainment Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sooraj Pancholi is heavyweight Hawa Singh |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/bollywood/sooraj-pancholi-is-heavyweight-hawa-singh/cid/1742561 |agency=Telegraph India |date=5 February 2020}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Film
!Director
!Producer
!Writer
!Animator
!class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2004
|''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''
|
|
|
|{{yes}}
|animator
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2011
|''I dream of hope''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|short directorial debut
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2015
|''[[The Perfect Girl (2015 film)|The Perfect Girl]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
| feature directorial debut
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2021
|! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;"|''[[Hawa Singh (2021)|Hawa Singh]]''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|
|{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2022
|''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]''
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|creative producer{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}
|}

==Awards==
* 2004 [[Star Screen Award]] Best Special Effects - ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]] (You and Me)''
*2023 [[69th National Film Awards]] - [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]] - ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2119352|Prakash Nambiar}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambiar, Prakash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kerala]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kannur district]]
[[Category:People from Kannur district]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Aahana Kumra

2025-12-25T22:09:46Z

Samyakk clothing: expanded content

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aahana Kumra
| image = Aahana Kumra at the special screening of film Babli Bouncer (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kumra in 2022
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh, India<ref name="aah">{{cite web |url=http://aahanakumra.com/index.php/me |title=Me - Aahana Kumra |website=aahanakumra.com |accessdate=11 February 2018 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083456/http://aahanakumra.com/index.php/me/ |archivedate=12 February 2018}}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress}}
| years_active = 2009-present
| website =
}}
'''Aahana S Kumra''' is an Indian actress. She is known for her television debut in [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony Entertainment Television's]] ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]'' with [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and also for her lead role in the TV series ''[[Agent Raghav - Crime Branch]]'' with [[Sharad Kelkar]], followed by leading roles in a number of feature films.

== Early life==

Kumra was born and brought up in [[Lucknow]].<ref name="aah"/>

==Career==
In 2013, Kumra was cast in the television series ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]'' - a 20-episode show starring Amitabh Bachchan in which Kumra plays the pivotal role of Bachchan's daughter. Later, she starred in ''[[Agent Raghav – Crime Branch]]'', a biweekly television crime thriller show, as the female lead Agent Trisha Dewan opposite Sharad Kelkar. Kumra won Best Actress Award at the Third Moida International Awards for her short film ''Siberia''. She made her Hindi feature film debut in ''[[Sona Spa]]'' in 2013, and her Tulu feature film debut in 2015 in ''[[Kudla Cafe]]''. She hosted the Pro Kabbadi 2016 series.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/amitabh-bachchan-made-yudh-so-much-easier-aahana-kumra/ |title=Amitabh Bachchan made 'Yudh' so much easier: Aahana Kumra |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=1 August 2014 |accessdate=15 February 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215072405/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/amitabh-bachchan-made-yudh-so-much-easier-aahana-kumra/ |archivedate=15 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/topic/aahana-kumra |title=Aahana Kumra |website=[[NDTV]] Movies |accessdate=15 February 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215072023/http://movies.ndtv.com/topic/aahana-kumra |archivedate=15 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aahana-kumra-was-not-nervous-to-work-with-amitabh-bachchan/489503-8-66.html |title=Aahana Kumra: Was not nervous to work with Amitabh Bachchan |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |work=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=31 July 2014 |accessdate=15 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805035125/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aahana-kumra-was-not-nervous-to-work-with-amitabh-bachchan/489503-8-66.html |archivedate=5 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aahana-Kumra-Gorging-on-dal-baati-churma-was-a-great-experience/articleshow/45512057.cms |title=Aahana Kumra: Gorging on dal baati churma was a great experience |first=Richa |last=Shukla |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 December 2014 |accessdate=15 February 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215231908/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aahana-Kumra-Gorging-on-dal-baati-churma-was-a-great-experience/articleshow/45512057.cms |archivedate=15 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-s-yudh-actress-aahana-kumra-feels-fortunate-to-be-working-with-big-b-15390.html |title=Amitabh Bachchan's Yudh: Actress Aahana Kumra feels fortunate to be working with Big B |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |publisher=[[India TV]] |date=2 July 2014 |accessdate=15 February 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215071019/http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-s-yudh-actress-aahana-kumra-feels-fortunate-to-be-working-with-big-b-15390.html |archivedate=15 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/aahana-kumras-dream-to-work-with-big-b-comes-true/15418176 |title=Aahana Kumra's dream to work with Big B comes true |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=2 July 2014 |accessdate=15 February 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215080505/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/aahana-kumras-dream-to-work-with-big-b-comes-true/15418176 |archivedate=15 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20140721-aahana-kumra-amitabh-bachchan-yudh-television-series-804429-1999-11-29 |title=She's a Scream: Newbie Aahana Kumra to make debut opposite Amitabh Bachchan in TV series Yudh |first=Suhani |last=Singh |work=[[India Today]] |date=11 July 2014 |access-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082130/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/aahana-kumra-amitabh-bachchan-yudh-television-series/1/370866.html |archive-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> In 2017, Kumra had a leading role in the black comedy film ''[[Lipstick Under My Burkha]]'' as Leela.<ref name=lipstick>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/movie-review-lipstick-under-my-burkha |title=Movie Review: 'Lipstick Under My Burkha' Could Start A Revolution |website=thequint.com |date=18 July 2017 |accessdate=6 April 2018 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406122155/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/movie-review-lipstick-under-my-burkha |archivedate=6 April 2018}}</ref> The following year she portrayed the role of [[Priyanka Gandhi]] in the political biography film ''[[The Accidental Prime Minister (film)|The Accidental Prime Minister]]''.<ref name=accidental>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-the-accidental-prime-minister-first-look-5124144/lite/ |title=Anupam Kher starts shooting for Manmohan Singh movie The Accidental Prime Minister, see photos |date=5 April 2018 |website=The Indian Express |accessdate=6 April 2018 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405082542/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-the-accidental-prime-minister-first-look-5124144/lite/ |archivedate=5 April 2018}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Rol
! scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Refh}}
|-
| 2009 || ''Mai'' || Tisha || rowspan="2" | Short film
|
|-
|2010|| ''Cardboard Thoughts'' || Unknown
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013 || ''[[Sona Spa]]'' || Ritu ||
|<ref>{{cite web |date=23 February 2013 |title=WATCH: Trailer of Naseeruddin Shah's new concept thriller film 'Sona Spa' |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/watch-trailer-of-naseeruddin-shahs-new-concept-thriller-film-sona-spa_128554.html |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903073043/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/watch-trailer-of-naseeruddin-shahs-new-concept-thriller-film-sona-spa_128554.html |archivedate=3 September 2014 |accessdate=6 April 2018 |website=india.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ansuni'' || Meera|| Short film
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2015|| ''[[Kudla Cafe]]'' || Sanjana|| [[Tulu cinema|Tulu]] film
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Prabhu |first=Ganesh |date=18 February 2016 |title='Kudla Cafe' to hit Udupi cinemas tomorrow |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kudla-cafe-to-hit-udupi-cinemas-tomorrow/article8251112.ece |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218122158/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kudla-cafe-to-hit-udupi-cinemas-tomorrow/article8251112.ece |archivedate=18 February 2016 |accessdate=6 April 2018 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| ''Siberia'' || Reena|| rowspan="3" |Short film
|
|-
| ''Dreaming Awake'' || Esha
|
|-
| ''Ek Tha Main'' || Afreen
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016|| ''[[The Blueberry Hunt]]'' || Jaya ||
|
|-
| ''Queen of Hearts'' || Lead Role|| Short film
|
|-
|2017|| ''[[Lipstick Under My Burkha]]''|| Leela||
|
|-
|2019 || ''[[The Accidental Prime Minister (film)|The Accidental Prime Minister]]'' || [[Priyanka Gandhi]] ||
|
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Khuda Haafiz]]'' || Tamena Hamid ||
|<ref name="IndiaTV">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2020 |title=Vidyut Jammwal glad his upcoming film 'Khuda Haafiz' will launch on OTT |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/vidyut-jammwal-upcoming-film-khuda-haafiz-release-on-ott-636888 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726162837/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/vidyut-jammwal-upcoming-film-khuda-haafiz-release-on-ott-636888 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |accessdate=21 August 2020 |publisher=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 || ''Bawri Chhori'' || Radhika ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=Aahana Kumra's Bawri Chhori gets a release date |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/aahana-kumras-bawri-chhori-gets-a-release-date-23159564 |accessdate=14 February 2021 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Happy Birthday (2021 film)|Happy Birthday]]''
|Beth Rose
|Short film
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suri |first=Ridhi |date=6 May 2021 |title=Aahana Kumra, Anupam Kher's short film 'Happy Birthday' bags nominations at NY film fest |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/aahana-kumra-anupam-kher-s-short-film-happy-birthday-bags-nominations-at-ny-film-fest-702895 |access-date=12 August 2022 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[India Lockdown]]'' || Moon Alves ||
|
|-
|''[[Salaam Venky]]'' || Sanjana
|
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of television credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" | Role
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Bollywood Hero]]''
| Clapper Girl
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]''
| Taruni Sikarwar
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Agent Raghav – Crime Branch|Agent Raghav]]''
| Agent Trisha Dewan
|
|-
|2016
| ''[[Pro Kabaddi League|Pro Kabaddi]]''
| Host
|
|-
|2025
| ''[[Rise and Fall (Indian reality series)|Rise and Fall 1]]''
| Contestant
|12th Place
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of web series credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Refh}}
|-
|2016
|''Official Chukyagiri''
|Rati
|
|-
|2016
|''[[A.I.SHA My Virtual Girlfriend]]''
|Shivi Malhotra
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Inside Edge (TV series)|Inside Edge]]''
|Shahana Vasishtha
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/review-inside-edge-gritty-thrilling-watch-amazon-prime-video-web-series-mumbai-news/18413192 |title='Inside Edge' Review: It promises to be a gritty, thrilling watch |date=12 July 2017 |website=mid-day |language=en |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708125005/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/review-inside-edge-gritty-thrilling-watch-amazon-prime-video-web-series-mumbai-news/18413192 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/i-have-never-been-calculative-about-my-work-aahana-kumra-4889956/ |title=I have never been calculative about my work: Aahana Kumra |date=15 October 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011232023/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/i-have-never-been-calculative-about-my-work-aahana-kumra-4889956/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''It Happened In Hong Kong''
|Aahana
|<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/travelling-past-romance/article22999573.ece |title=Aahana Kumra and Amol Parashar on their new show and how travel defines them |last=Lazarus |first=Susanna Myrtle |date=9 March 2018 |work=The Hindu |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406122155/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/travelling-past-romance/article22999573.ece |archivedate=6 April 2018 |url-status=live |accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/it-happened-in-hong-kong-amol-parashar-aahana-kumra-review-5131633/ |title=It Happened In Hong Kong review: This Amol Parashar and Aahana Kumra web series is ideal for those short breaks at work |date=10 April 2018 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708125004/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/it-happened-in-hong-kong-amol-parashar-aahana-kumra-review-5131633/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/television/aahana-amols-happened-hong-kong-stream-march-1502589980.html |title=Aahana, Amol's 'It Happened in Hong Kong' to stream in March |date=22 February 2018 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708125006/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/television/aahana-amols-happened-hong-kong-stream-march-1502589980.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018
|''Official CEOgiri''
|Rati
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/official-ceogiri-arre-sumeet-vyas-5109049/ |title=Official CEOgiri first impression: Sumeet Vyas' act is starting to get repetitive now |date=23 March 2018 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708125004/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/official-ceogiri-arre-sumeet-vyas-5109049/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rangbaaz (web series)|Rangbaaz]]''
|Babita Sharma
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ranvir-shorey-and-aahana-kumra-join-saqib-saleem-on-zee5-s-rangbaaz-2680992 |title=Ranvir Shorey and Aahana Kumra join Saqib Saleem on ZEE5's 'Rangbaaz' |date=30 October 2018 |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703051731/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ranvir-shorey-and-aahana-kumra-join-saqib-saleem-on-zee5-s-rangbaaz-2680992 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yours Truly (2018 film)|Yours Truly]]''
|Lali Kumar
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yours Truly |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/yours-truly/0-0-47818 |access-date= |website=ZEE5}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Bombers (web series)|Bombers]]''
|Sanjana
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-zee5-globally-debut-its-first-sports-drama-bombers-and-its-first-stand-up-comedy-series-comedy-shots-this-june-2759496 |title=ZEE5 globally debut its first Sports Drama 'Bombers and its first Stand Up Comedy Series 'Comedy Shots' this June |date=11 June 2019 |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=25 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625024548/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-zee5-globally-debut-its-first-sports-drama-bombers-and-its-first-stand-up-comedy-series-comedy-shots-this-june-2759496 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/927621/web-series-bombers-explores-the-story-of-a-bengali-football-team-fighting-death-and-oblivion |title=Web series 'Bombers' explores the story of a Bengali football team fighting death and oblivion |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |website=Scroll.in |date=20 June 2019 |language=en-US |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621172048/https://scroll.in/reel/927621/web-series-bombers-explores-the-story-of-a-bengali-football-team-fighting-death-and-oblivion |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2020
|[[Marzi (web series)|''Marzi'']]
|Sameera Chauhan
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/marzi-first-impression-engaging-thriller-ahaana-kumra-rajeev-khandelwal-6300692/ |title=Marzi first impression: An engaging thriller owned by Rajeev Khandelwal and Aahana Kumra |date=7 March 2020 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408024628/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/marzi-first-impression-engaging-thriller-ahaana-kumra-rajeev-khandelwal-6300692/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
|''[[Betaal]]''
|DC "Ahlu" Ahluwalia
|
|-
|''[[Sandwiched Forever]]''
|Naina Sarnaik Shastry
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/sandwiched-forever-review-kunaal-and-aahana-show-is-a-feel-good-christmas-watch-1752958-2020-12-25 |title=Sandwiched Forever Review: Kunaal and Aahana show is a feel-good Christmas watch |work=India Today |date=25 December 2020 |language=en-US |access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Forbidden Love (web series)|Forbidden Love]]''
|Priya
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[Call My Agent: Bollywood]]''
|Amal
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2021 |title=Call My Agent: Bollywood's Aahana Kumra says she lost a big project via a talent agency due to THIS reason |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/call-my-agent-bollywood-s-aahana-kumra-says-she-lost-big-project-talent-agency-due-reason-929150 |access-date=12 August 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810083914/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/call-my-agent-bollywood-s-aahana-kumra-says-she-lost-big-project-talent-agency-due-reason-929150 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''Avrodh Season 2''
|Saman/Karishma Sahay/Parveena Shehnaz
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of awards and nominations received by Aahana Kumra
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Refh}}
|-
|2018
|[[Screen Awards|Star Screen Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female
|''[[Lipstick Under My Burkha]]''
|{{Nom}}
|{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Television Academy Awards|22nd Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |Popular Actor - OTT
|''[[Call My Agent: Bollywood]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The 22nd ITA Awards |url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/ |access-date=27 September 2022 |website=Indian Television Academy |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Avrodh (Season 2)''
|{{nom}}
|<ref name=":1" />
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|3933547}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumra, Aahana}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tulu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kokarneswarar Temple, Thirukokarnam

2025-12-08T15:29:06Z

Samyakk clothing: add page additionally and improved wording

{{more citations needed|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Sri Kokarneshvarar Temple in Tirukokarnam.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Kokarneswarar temple]]
The '''Kokarneswarar Temple''' is situated in town of Thirukokarnam located 5 kilometres from the town of [[Pudukkottai]] in the [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The presiding deity is [[Kokarneswarar]] considered to be a form of the Hindu God [[Shiva]]. His consort Brihadambal is the family deity of the [[Thondaiman]] kings which ruled the princely [[Pudukkottai state]]. The Pallava-era rock-cut temple was constructed by the [[Pallava]] king [[Mahendravarman I]] sometime around the middle of the 7th century CE. Later additions were made in the early 2nd millennium by the Chola and Pandya dynasties.

Within the temple complex, there are shrines to [[Gaṇeśa|Ganesa]], [[Gangadhara]] and the [[Saptakannis]]. There is also an idol of the saint [[Sadasiva Brahmananda]] beneath a ''bikula'' tree, who is the Guru of the [[Thondaiman]] kings of [[Pudukkottai state]].

The temple is still attended to by Hindu priests, making Kokarneswarar Temple possibly the second oldest Hindu temple with accurately datable early stonework that is still in active use today (the first being [[Mundeshwari Temple]]).

== References ==

* {{cite book|title=Tourist Guide to Tamil Nadu|year=2010|publisher=Sura Books|id=|pages=94|isbn=978-81-7478-177-2}}

{{Pudukkottai district}}
{{Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district}}
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[[Category:Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Pudukkottai district]]
[[Category:Rock-cut architecture of India]]

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