https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Samwaterman2016Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-07-29T03:55:46ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idukki_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=503679Idukki Lok Sabha constituency2026-05-08T07:28:56Z<p>Samwaterman2016: made first data from scratch</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Kerala, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = LS<br />
| name = Idukki <Br>{{Small|KL-13}}<br />
| map_image = Idukki Lok Sabha Constituency.jpg<br />
| map_caption = Idukki Lok Sabha constituency<br />
| established = 1977<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = Youth Congress Kerala- Dean Kuryakose MP (cropped).JPG<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}<br />
| mp = [[Dean Kuriakose]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]<br />
| state = [[Kerala]]<br />
| assembly_cons = [[Muvattupuzha Assembly constituency|Muvattupuzha]]<br>[[Kothamangalam Assembly constituency|Kothamangalam]]<br>[[Devikulam Assembly constituency|Devikulam]]<br>[[Udumbanchola Assembly constituency|Udumbanchola]]<br>[[Thodupuzha Assembly constituency|Thodupuzha]]<br>[[Idukki Assembly constituency|Idukki]]<br>[[Peerumade Assembly constituency|Peerumade]]<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:1203258}} (2019)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Idukki Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 20 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in the Indian state of [[Kerala]].<br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
<br />
Idukki Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf<br />
|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies<br />
|access-date=20 October 2008<br />
|work=Kerala<br />
|publisher=Election Commission of India<br />
|url-status=dead<br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011026/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf<br />
|archive-date=4 March 2009<br />
|df= <br />
}}</ref><br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" <br />
!No<br />
!width="200px"|Name<br />
!width="150px"|District<br />
!Member<br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
!colspan=2|2024 Lead<br />
|-<br />
|86<br />
|[[Muvattupuzha Assembly constituency|Muvattupuzha]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]<br />
|[[Mathew Kuzhalnadan]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}<br />
|-<br />
|87<br />
|[[Kothamangalam Assembly constituency|Kothamangalam]]<br />
|[[Antony John]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|-<br />
|88<br />
|[[Devikulam Assembly constituency|Devikulam]] (SC)<br />
|rowspan=5|[[Idukki district|Idukki]]<br />
|colspan=3|''Vacant''<br />
|-<br />
| 89<br />
|[[Udumbanchola Assembly constituency|Udumbanchola]]<br />
|[[Senapathy Venu ]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|90<br />
|[[Thodupuzha Assembly constituency|Thodupuzha]]<br />
|[[Apu John Joseph]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Kerala Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|91<br />
|[[Idukki Assembly constituency|Idukki]]<br />
|[[Roy K Paulose]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|92<br />
|[[Peerumade Assembly constituency|Peerumade]]<br />
|[[Cyriac Thomas |Cyriac Thomas]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of Parliament ==<br />
<br />
'''As Peermade'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="50%" <br />
! Election<br />
! Lok Sabha<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Tenure<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br />
|[[4th Lok Sabha|4th]]<br />
|[[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|1967-1971<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br />
|[[5th Lok Sabha|5th]]<br />
|M.M Joseph<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Kerala Congress}}<br />
|1971-1977<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''As Idukki'''<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="50%" <br />
! Election<br />
! Lok Sabha<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Tenure<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br />
|[[6th Lok Sabha|6th]]<br />
|[[C. M. Stephen]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|1977-1980<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br />
|[[7th Lok Sabha|7th]]<br />
|[[M. M. Lawrence]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|1980-1984<br />
|-<br />
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
|[[8th Lok Sabha|8th]]<br />
|[[P. J. Kurien]]<br />
| rowspan="5" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|1984-1989<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|[[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]<br />
|rowspan="2" |Pala K. M. Matthew<br />
|1989-1991<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br />
|[[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]<br />
|1991-1996<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
|[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]<br />
|[[A. C. Jose]]<br />
|1996-1998<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br />
|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]<br />
|[[P. C. Chacko]]<br />
|1998-1999<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br />
|[[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[K. Francis George]]<br />
| rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Kerala Congress}}" |<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Kerala Congress]]<br />
|1999-2004<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br />
|[[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]<br />
|2004-2009<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
|[[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]<br />
|[[P. T. Thomas]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|2009-2014<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
|[[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]<br />
|[[Joice George]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br>{{small|(supported by [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]])}}<br />
|2014-2019<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Dean Kuriakose]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|2019-2024<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
|[[18th Lok Sabha|18th]]<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===General Election 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Idukki<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Idukki">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Idukki |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1113.htm |access-date=2 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802124030/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1113.htm |archive-date=2 August 2024}}</ref> }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Dean Kuriakose]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=4,32,372|percentage=51.43|change=-2.78}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Joice George]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=2,98,645|percentage=35.53|change=-0.7}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Adv Sangeetha Vishwanathan|party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|votes=91,323|percentage=10.86|change=+2.31}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=9,519|percentage=1.13|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Adv Russel Joy|votes=4,437|percentage=0.53|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=1,33,727|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=8,41,286|percentage=67.24|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2019===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]]: Idukki}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate= [[Dean Kuriakose]]|votes=498,493|percentage=54.21|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|candidate=[[Joice George]]|votes=327,440|percentage=35.6|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|candidate=Biju Krishnan|votes=78,648|percentage=8.55|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=PT Leethesh|votes=2905|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory<br />
| |votes = {{formatnum:171053}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=919,559|percentage=76.36|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| |winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===General election 2014===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general election]]: Idukki}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|candidate=[[Joice George]]<ref group=note>LDF supported candidate</ref>|votes=382,019|percentage=46.57|change=N/A}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Dean Kuriakose]]|votes=331,477|percentage=40.41|change=-11.57}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Sabu Varghese|votes=50,438|percentage=6.15|change=+2.56}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=12,338|percentage=1.51|change=---}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory<br />
| |votes = 50,542<br />
|percentage = 6.17<br />
|change = -3.35<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=819,766|percentage=70.66|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| |winner = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Idukki district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
* [[2014 Indian general election in Kerala]]<br />
* [[2014 Indian general election]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [[Election Commission of India]]: https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp<br />
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190422171606/https://www.indiancrux.info/2019/04/2019-general-election-idukki-constituency-live-results.html 2019 General Election Idukki Constituency Live Results]}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-par|in-lwr}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Satara Lok Sabha constituency|Satara]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=Constituency represented by the [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|leader of the opposition]]|years=1978 – 1979}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Satara Lok Sabha constituency|Satara]]}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Kerala}}<br />
{{coord|9.84|76.90|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Idukki district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Ernakulam district]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._Manikandan&diff=513926M. Manikandan2026-05-03T21:56:01Z<p>Samwaterman2016: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian cinematographer, writer and director}}<br />
{{about||the Indian politician|M. Manikandan (politician)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
|name = M. Manikandan<br />
|image = M Manikandan in February 2018.jpg<br />
|caption = Manikandan in 2018<br />
|years_active = 2010–present<br />
|spouse = <br />
|birth_date =<br />
|birth_place = [[Usilampatti]], [[Madurai district|Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
|occupation = {{hlist |[[Cinematographer]] | screenwriter|film director}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''M. Manikandan''' is an Indian film [[Film director|director]], [[Screenwriter|writer]], [[Film producer|producer]], and [[cinematographer]] who works in [[Tamil cinema]]. He began his career as an assistant cinematographer in Tamil films. He made his directorial debut with the short film ''Wind'' (2010) and got his breakthrough in feature films like ''[[Kaaka Muttai]]'' (2015), which won the [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]]. In 2022, he produced the film [[Kadaisi Vivasaayi|''Kadaisi Vivasayi'']], for which he received the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]].<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Manikandan was born into a family of police officers in [[Usilampatti]], [[Madurai district|Madurai District]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Akila2">{{cite news |last1=Kannadasan |first1=Akila |date=26 May 2015 |title=It's sure to make viewers crow with joy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/its-sure-to-make-viewers-crow-with-joy/article7247910.ece |accessdate=4 September 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Due to his father's frequent transfers, Manikandan's family frequently moved. After completing his schooling, he did his diploma in [[Automotive engineering|automobile engineering]].<ref name="IFFLA2">{{cite web |title=The Crow's Egg |url=http://www.indianfilmfestival.org/the-crows-egg/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014025553/http://www.indianfilmfestival.org/the-crows-egg/ |archivedate=14 October 2016 |accessdate=4 September 2016 |publisher=Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles}}</ref> He developed an interest in photography and started his career as a [[Wedding photography|wedding photographer]].<ref name="IT2">{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Suhani |date=2 June 2015 |title=M Manikandan talks about his national award winning film Kaakka Muttai |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kaakka-muttai-m-manikandan-tamil-film-national-awards-best-childrens-film-best-child-actors-255192-2015-06-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916093040/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kaakka-muttai-m-manikandan-tamil-film-national-awards-best-childrens-film-best-child-actors/1/441685.html |archive-date=16 September 2016 |access-date=4 September 2016 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> During this time, he also designed [[Identity document|identification cards]] for schools and colleges to save money for a digital photography course at the Mindscreen Film Institute, a film school managed by director and cinematographer [[Rajiv Menon]].<ref name="Akila2" /><br />
<br />
In the mid-2000s, he started his film career as an assistant cinematographer in Tamil films. During this time, he co-wrote several scripts for short films. He got his major break with the short film ''Wind'' (2010), his directorial debut. The film brought him critical acclaim and was screened in several film festivals.<ref name="IFFLA2" /> The film caught the attention of Tamil film director [[Vetrimaaran]], who helped him produce ''[[Kaaka Muttai]]'' (2015), his feature film debut. The film revolves around two slum-dwelling kids whose solitary desire in life is to taste a [[pizza]].<ref name="Akila2" /> The film premiered at the [[2014 Toronto International Film Festival]] and was released theatrically in June 2015. At the [[62nd National Film Awards]], it won two honours – [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Best Children's Film]] and [[National Film Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]].<ref>{{cite web |title=National Film Awards – 2014 |url=http://dff.nic.in/NFA20143D/NFA2014.html |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623030842/http://dff.nic.in/NFA20143D/NFA2014.html |archivedate=23 June 2016 |accessdate=4 September 2016 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |page=59}}</ref> The film won the Audience Award for Best Feature at the [[Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles|13th Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Dore |first=Shalini |date=13 April 2015 |title='Chauranga' Wins Top Prize at Indian Film Festival Los Angeles |url=https://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/chauranga-wins-top-prize-at-indian-film-festival-los-angeles-1201471412/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321174014/http://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/chauranga-wins-top-prize-at-indian-film-festival-los-angeles-1201471412/ |archivedate=21 March 2016 |accessdate=4 September 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2021, Manikandan signed [[Ilaiyaraaja]] for the songs and background score for his film ''[[Kadaisi Vivasayi]]'',<ref>{{cite news |date=15 November 2021 |title=Manikandan's Kadaisi Vivasayi to Have Ilaiyaraaja's Music; Film in Theatres Soon |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/manikandans-kadaisi-vivasayi-to-have-ilaiyaraajas-music-film-in-theatres-soon-4445876.html |access-date=4 December 2021 |publisher=[[News 18]]}}</ref> but later he replaced Ilaiyaraaja with [[Santhosh Narayanan]] as he was not satisfied with the background score of the veteran composer,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lakshmi |first1=V |date=4 May 2020 |title=Santhosh to compose for Kadaisi Vivasayi instead of Ilaiyaraaja? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/santhosh-to-compose-for-kadaisi-vivasayi-instead-of-ilaiyaraaja/articleshow/74458438.cms |access-date=4 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> prompting Ilaiyaraaja to lodge a complaint against the director with the Music Composers Association of India.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 December 2021 |title=Ilaiyaraaja lodges complaint against 'Kadaisi Vivasayi' director |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/ilaiyaraaja-lodges-complaint-against-kadaisi-vivasayi-director/videoshow/88057194.cms |access-date=14 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|National Film Award for the Best Feature Film in Tamil]] at the [[69th National Film Awards]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=69th National Film Awards 2023 Complete Winners List: Rocketry, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, Allu Arjun Win Big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2024, thieves broke into Manikandan's second home in Usilampatti, stealing money, gold, and silver. The incident received international attention when the burglars returned days later to anonymously return Manikandan's 2022 National Film Award for ''Kadaisi Vivasaayi''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raj |first=Suhasini |last2=Mashal |first2=Mujib |date=2024-02-17 |title=Burglars Hit Movie Director’s Home, Then Deliver a Cinematic Plot Twist |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/17/world/asia/india-burglars-medal-return.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Film===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
! scope=col| Year<br />
! scope=col| Film<br />
! scope=col| Director<br />
! scope=col| Writer<br />
! scope=col| Cinematographer<br />
! scope=col| Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || ''Wind'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || Short film<ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Suhani|title=M Manikandan talks about his national award winning film Kaakka Muttai|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kaakka-muttai-m-manikandan-tamil-film-national-awards-best-childrens-film-best-child-actors-255192-2015-06-02|website=[[India Today]]|date=2 June 2015|access-date=7 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104222718/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kaakka-muttai-m-manikandan-tamil-film-national-awards-best-childrens-film-best-child-actors/1/441685.html|archive-date=4 November 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Kaaka Muttai]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]]<br/>[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards|Ananda Vikatan Cinema Award for Best Director]]<br/>[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards|Ananda Vikatan Cinema Award for Best Story]]<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2016 |title=Nominations for the 63rd Britannia Filmfare Awards (South) |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-of-the-63rd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-13750.html |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704080341/http://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-of-the-63rd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-13750.html |archivedate=4 July 2017 |accessdate=4 September 2016 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Kirumi]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2016 || ''[[Kuttrame Thandanai]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aandavan Kattalai (2016 film)|Aandavan Kattalai]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2022 || ''[[Kadaisi Vivasaayi]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||Served as producer<br />
[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]]<br/>[[68th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award South for Best Film (Critics')]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
! scope=col| Year<br />
! scope=col| Title<br />
! scope=col| Director<br />
! scope=col| Writer<br />
! scope=col| Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2026 || style="background:#FFFFCC;" | ''Muthu Engira Kaattaan''|| colspan="2" {{yes}} || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-sethupathi-new-jiohotstar-series-kaattaan-suspense-gripping-narrative-2833750-2025-12-10 |title=Kaattaan glimpse: Fierce Vijay Sethupathi slashes a man's throat in new show |work=[[India Today]] |date=12 December 2025}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=6717590}}<br />
{{M. Manikandan}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manikandan, M.}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]<br />
[[Category:Cinematographers from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:People from Madurai district]]<br />
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Children's Film National Film Award]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yajaman&diff=545996Yajaman2026-05-03T11:30:49Z<p>Samwaterman2016: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1993 film by R. V. Udayakumar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Yajaman poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[R. V. Udayakumar]]<br />
| screenplay = R. V. Udayakumar<br />
| story = Sujatha Udayakumar<br />
| producer = {{ubl|[[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]]|M. Balasubramaniam|[[M. S. Guhan]]}}<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Rajinikanth]]|[[Meena (actress)|Meena]]|[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]]}}<br />
| cinematography = Karthik Raja<br />
| editing = B. S. Nagaraj<br />
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]<br />
| released = {{film date|1993|2|18|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 153 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Yajaman''''' ({{translation|Figure Head}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[R. V. Udayakumar]]. The film stars [[Rajinikanth]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] and [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]], with [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] and [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] in supporting roles. It was produced by [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]], [[M. S. Guhan]] and M. Subrahmaniam of [[AVM Productions]]. The film was released on 18 February 1993 and became commercially successful, with a 175-day theatrical run.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{more plot|date=May 2021}}<br />
Kanthavel Vanavarayan is a feudal chieftain, adored and respected by the people of his village near [[Pollachi]]. He lives with his grandparents. Following his advice, they abstain from voting in the elections and instead, pool the money given by the candidates to get themselves some basic amenities. Vallavaraayan is his archenemy. Their enmity is further sharpened when Vanavarayan wins the hand of Vaitheswari, whom Vallavaraayan had also wished to wed. Vallavaraayan then convinces the priest of the village temple to mix poison in the holy water that Vaitheswari drinks. As a result, she becomes incapable of conceiving a baby. But surprisingly, Vaitheswari soon becomes pregnant, though she has pretended with the help of the mid-wife, to do so to uphold her husband's honour. However, she takes poison and kills herself during the [[Simantonnayana|Seemantham]] celebration, unable to bear the grief of being incapable of giving her husband a child and on her deathbed makes Vanavarayan swear to take Ponni as his wife. Vanavarayan however refuses until Ponni agrees to marry Sembattai- Vallavarayan's henchman-who abandons her to Vallavarayan's vice. Infuriated, Vanavarayan attacks Vallavarayan, but spares his life after giving him a sermon on how to win the hearts of people.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
*[[Rajinikanth]] as Kanthavel Vanavarayan<br />
*[[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Vaitheswari<br />
*[[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]] as Ponni<br />
*[[M. N. Nambiar]] as Kathavarayan<br />
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Akilandeswari<br />
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Rajarathnam<br />
*[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Veeravel Vallavarayan<br />
*[[Goundamani]] as Vellaiyangiri<br />
*[[Senthil]] as Azhagiri<br />
*[[Peeli Sivam]] as Namachivayam<br />
*[[Thalapathy Dinesh]] as Sembattai<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2018 |title="எம்.ஜி.ஆர் கொடுத்த வாழ்க்கை, ரஜினியின் சிபாரிசு, அஜித்தின் டெடிகேஷன்..!" – 'தளபதி' தினேஷ் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/117016-fighter-thalapathi-dinesh-says-about-movie-journey |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117133026/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/117016-fighter-thalapathi-dinesh-says-about-movie-journey |archive-date=17 November 2023 |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
*Rajesh Babu as Thandavarayan<br />
*[[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Muppatha<br />
*[[M. Varalakshmi]] as Sivakami<br />
*Santhiya as Gowri<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
After the success of ''[[Chinna Gounder]]'' (1992), director [[R. V. Udayakumar]] was approached by various producers but he was unsure as to who should play the part of the hero for his next film. Subsequently, he decided to cast [[Rajinikanth]] as the hero for his next film. Rajinikanth agreed to act under the direction of Udayakumar. The director expressed his interest to make this film for [[AVM Productions]]. Initially, a different script titled ''Jilla Collector'' was narrated,<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 2016 |title=உதயகுமார் டைரக்ஷனில் ரஜினிகாந்த் |trans-title=Rajinikanth in Udayakumar's direction |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2016/04/14225154/1004982/cinima-history-uthayakumar.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815131800/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2016/04/14225154/1004982/cinima-history-uthayakumar.vpf |archive-date=15 August 2020 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> but Udaykumar subsequently opted to film a different script altogether, which became ''Yajaman'', since [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] of AVM felt that the original script might go over budget. Rajinikanth was initially reluctant to have [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as the heroine because she had appeared as a child artist for his film ''[[Anbulla Rajinikanth]]'' (1984) and he felt that his fans might not readily accept this pairing. But he eventually agreed to have Meena play the part after she insisted.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2013 |title=ஆர்.வி.உதயகுமார் டைரக்ஷனில் ஏவி.எம். தயாரித்த 'எஜமான்' வெள்ளி விழா கொண்டாடியது |trans-title=''Yajaman'', produced by AVM under RV Udayakumar's direction celebrated silver jubilee |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/03212313/RV-Udayakumar-activator-direct.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028132306/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/03212313/RV-Udayakumar-activator-direct.html |archive-date=28 October 2014 |access-date=14 March 2014 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Rajinikanth also objected to [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]]'s casting as the antagonist due to him being younger than the character, but Udayakumar remained firm on casting him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2024 |title=When Rajinikanth Had Doubts About Casting Napoleon In 1993 Movie Yajaman |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/when-rajinikanth-had-doubts-about-casting-napoleon-in-1993-movie-yajaman-9045731.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910115839/https://www.news18.com/movies/when-rajinikanth-had-doubts-about-casting-napoleon-in-1993-movie-yajaman-9045731.html |archive-date=10 September 2024 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> ''Yajaman'' was Rajinikanth's 141st film and his 8th collaboration with AVM Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2016 |title='ஜில்லா கலெக்ட'ருக்கு பதில் 'எஜமான்' முடிவானது! |trans-title=Instead of ''Jilla Collector'', ''Yajaman'' was finalised! |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/4411 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515113833/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/4411 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=[[Tirunelveli|Nellai]]}}</ref> One of the filming locations was Samathur Jamindar Ramaraja Vanavarayar Palace at Pollachi while filming was also held at Andhra.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=19 June 2005 |title=சகலகலா வல்லவனில் கமல் நடித்திருக்க கூடாது! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-06-19/kalki2005-06-19.pdf |access-date=28 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=52–55 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref name="ejaman" /><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. Except for the song "Urakka Kathuthu Kozhi" which was penned by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], all other songs were penned by Udayakumar himself. Illayaraja called Vaali to correct the lyrics for all songs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejamaan Tamil Audio Cassette |url=https://banumass.com/shop/ejamaan-tamil-audio-cassette/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214041531/https://banumass.com/shop/ejamaan-tamil-audio-cassette/ |archive-date=14 February 2021 |access-date=8 February 2021 |website=Banumass}}</ref> Many of the songs are set in [[Carnatic raga]]s; "Aalappol Velappol" is set in [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Sankarabharanam]],{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=122}} "Yajaman Kaladi" is in [[Madhyamavati]],{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=128}} "Nilave Mugam Kaattu" and "Oru Naalum" are set in [[Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)|Sindhubhairavi]].{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=148}}{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=150}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=10 May 2013 |title=Light and melodious |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/light-and-melodious/article4702358.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124042709/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/light-and-melodious/article4702358.ece |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Aalappol Velappol<br />
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| length1 = 5:06<br />
| title2 = Adi Raakumuthu<br />
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br />
| length2 = 5:10<br />
| title3 = Yajaman Kaladi<br />
| extra3 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]<br />
| length3 = 4:08<br />
| title4 = Idiye Aanaalum Thangi Kollum<br />
| extra4 = Malaysia Vasudevan<br />
| length4 = 1:44<br />
| title5 = Nilave Mugam<br />
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]<br />
| length5 = 5:06<br />
| title6 = Oru Naalum<br />
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki<br />
| length6 = 6:00<br />
| title7 = Thookkuchattiye<br />
| extra7 = Malaysia Vasudevan<br />
| length7 = 3:56<br />
| title8 = Urakka Kathuthu Kozhi<br />
| extra8 = S. Janaki<br />
| length8 = 5:04<br />
| total_length = 36:14<!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js --><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
''Yajaman'' was released on 18 February 1993.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=328}} When the film was released, it initially received unfavourable reception and did not do well in some areas. When Saravanan saw a letter written by a woman named Thilagavathi who reviewed the film, he used this letter as an advertisement for the film which led to the increase in collection. According to Saravanan, despite fans of Rajinikanth not liking the film, it picked up due to the support of general public.<ref name="ejaman" /><br />
<br />
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "''Yajaman'' is a well meant film from AVM and from director Udayakumar".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=19 February 1993 |title=Inconsistent |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930219&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=5 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=11 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote, "The film begins well but gets bogged down after the interval and the large number of songs do not help matters".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=6 March 1993 |title=Rajinikanth follows in MGR's path |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2OBOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ChQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5391%2C2109819 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022152309/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2OBOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ChQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5391,2109819 |archive-date=22 October 2023 |access-date=3 March 2020 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=12 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> C. R. K. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the performances of artistes.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சி. ஆர். கே. |date=21 March 1993 |title=எஜமான் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1993-03-21/page/n33/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230205120828/https://archive.org/details/kalki1993-03-21/page/n33/mode/2up |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=9 November 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=32 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> At the [[14th Cinema Express Awards]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam won the Best Playback Singer award.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 March 1994 |title=''Kizhakku Cheemayile'' adjudged best film |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v2FlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G5QNAAAAIBAJ&pg=339%2C511626 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408054633/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v2FlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G5QNAAAAIBAJ&pg=339,511626 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |access-date=10 May 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]] |agency=Express News Service}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
''Chinna Gounder'' and ''Yajaman'' started the trend of portrayals of village chieftain in Tamil films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Village Panchayat Presidents of Tamil Cinema {{!}} Rajinikanth&nbsp;– Ejaman |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/village-presidents/rajinikanth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210515115419/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/village-presidents/rajinikanth.html |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> Director Rajmohan directed a film titled ''[[Vanavarayan Vallavarayan]]'' (2014) named after Rajinikanth and Napoleon's characters.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=12 September 2014 |title=Vanavarayan Vallavarayan: Siamese torture |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/vanavarayan-vallavarayan-movie-review/article6405155.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210515115313/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/vanavarayan-vallavarayan-movie-review/article6405155.ece |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Dhanapal Padmanabhan who directed ''[[Krishnaveni Panjaalai]]'' (2012), rated ''Yajaman'' "as the film that best captured the village flavour and beauty of Pollachi".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=6 June 2014 |title=Creating a scene |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/creating-a-scene/article6089611.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210515115103/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/creating-a-scene/article6089611.ece |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references><br />
<ref name="ejaman">{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=21 August 2005 |title=எஜமானுக்கு நேர்ந்த சிக்கல்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-08-21/kalki2005-08-21.pdf |access-date=28 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=76–79 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
</references><br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |language=ta |oclc=1158347612 |orig-date=2005}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
{{R. V. Udayakumar}}<br />
{{AVM Productions}}<br />
<br />
{{Improve categories|date=February 2024}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 films]]<br />
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by R. V. Udayakumar]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nenjam_Marappathillai_(1963_film)&diff=521642Nenjam Marappathillai (1963 film)2026-05-02T07:49:00Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Adding a article!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1963 film by C. V. Sridhar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Nenjam Marappathillai<br />
| image = Nenjam Marappathillai 1963 poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]<br />
| screenplay = Sridhar<br />
| story = M. S. Kasi<br />
| producer = M. S. Kasi<br />
| starring = [[Kalyan Kumar]]<br />[[Devika]]<br />
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]<br />
| editing = N. M. Shankar<br />
| music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]<br />
| studio = Manohar Pictures<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1963|08|02}}<br />
| runtime = 144 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
'''''Nenjam Marappathillai''''' ({{translation|The Heart Never Forgets}}) is a 1963 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[paranormal romance]] film written and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Kalyan Kumar]] and [[Devika]], with [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[S. V. Sahasranamam]], [[Nagesh]], [[Padmini Priyadarshini]] and [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] in supporting roles. It focuses on a college boy who, while exploring a dilapidated [[villa]], learns all the details about his past life.<br />
<br />
The film was conceived by Sridhar based on numerous news reports he read about people claiming to remember their past lives. It was produced by M. S. Kasi under his banner Manohar Pictures, had music composed by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]], cinematography by [[A. Vincent]] and editing by N. M. Shankar. The story was credited to Kasi, and Sridhar's brother [[C. V. Rajendran]] worked as the associate director.<br />
<br />
''Nenjam Marappathillai'' was released on 2 August 1963. The film received a number of positive reviews but did not succeed commercially, though it later attained [[Cult film|cult status]] in Tamil cinema.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
While on a visit to his friend's village, Anand, a college boy explores a dilapidated [[villa]], falls unconscious and learns all the details about his past life of love and sorrow.<br />
<br />
When he was staying in the village, Anand hears a screaming voice of girl from one of the room that was kept locked in his friends house. When he inquires with his friend he skips away from answering. But when Anand insists, his friend narrates the incident how his own sister became insane after seeing the dilapidated palace in that village. Out of curiosity, Anand goes to the Villa without his friend's knowledge and realises that he was once son of a prominent Zamindar. This Zamindar's son was in love with a low caste girl and was firm to marry her in spite his Father's protest. When the lovers try to elope, the girl was shot dead by Zamindar and his son was kept in House arrest. The Zamindar swears that he would not allow his son to marry her even if he takes seven births. Eventually the boy dies after few days.<br />
<br />
When he was in the palace he meets an elderly person aged 109 years, who is nobody but the same old Zamindar. Without knowing that he is the Zamindar, father of his previous birth, he reveals that the girl who was shot dead by the Zamindar also born in the same village. Now being reminded by his challenge, the zamindar tries to kill that Girl but the boy comes in between. Since Anand is his own son, the Zamindar avoids him and targets the girl. When Anand approached near the Zamindar, the later falls in Quicksand. Lest with the best efforts, Zamindar sinks in the Quicksand and dies. Anand then marries the girl.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}<br />
{{col-break|width=20%}}<br />
;Male cast<br />
* [[Kalyan Kumar]] as Chinna Zamindar Raja / Anand<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /><br />
* [[M. N. Nambiar]] as the Zamindar{{sfn|Dipak Nambiar|2019|page=43}}<br />
* [[S. V. Sahasranamam]] as Velappan<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /><br />
* [[Nagesh]] as Veeraiyaa<ref name="RandorGuy" /><br />
* Mali as Sundar<ref name="RandorGuy" /><br />
* [[Karikol Raju]] as Sundar's father<ref name="RandorGuy" /><br />
* Gemini Balakrishnan as Madasamy<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /><br />
<!-- * Mahalingam<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /> --><br />
{{col-break|width=20%}}<br />
;Female cast<br />
* [[Devika]] as Kannamma / Vijaya<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /><br />
*[[Padmini Priyadarshini]] as the zamindar's second wife<ref name="RandorGuy" /><br />
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Kanniyamma<ref name="RandorGuy" /><br />
* Seethalakshmi as Bakiyam<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /><br />
{{Col-end}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
On 26 November 1935, ''[[The Hindu]]'' carried a news article about a nine-year-old [[Delhi]]-based girl named Shantha Devi who claimed that she remembered all the details about her past life in which she lived in the town of [[Mathura]]. There were similar news reports published by newspapers in [[Kerala]] and [[Rajasthan]] in 1939. Director [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]] was attracted by these news reports and the American film ''[[Gaslight (1944 film)|Gaslight]]'' (1944), and developed a screenplay titled ''Nenjam Marappathillai'' based on the theme of reincarnation.<ref name="honour" /> [[Chithralaya Gopu]] was hired as associate dialogue writer, and Sridhar's brother [[C. V. Rajendran]] as associate director. The film was produced by M. S. Kasi under Manohar Pictures, and Kasi claimed credit for the story.<ref name="RandorGuy" /> It was the maiden venture of Manohar Pictures owned by Kasi, son of Somu of Jupiter Pictures.<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /><ref name="six months" /> Cinematography was handled by [[A. Vincent]], and editing by N. M. Shankar.<ref name="RandorGuy" /> Shooting took place prominently in Kerala.{{sfn|Narayanan|1981|page=546}} The makeup for Nambiar's character of the zamindar took three hours to apply.{{sfn|Dipak Nambiar|2019|page=43}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shekar |first=Anjana |date=21 November 2019 |title=The villain with a heart of gold: Remembering MN Nambiar on his birth centenary |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/villain-heart-gold-remembering-mn-nambiar-his-birth-centenary-112681 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220110845/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/villain-heart-gold-remembering-mn-nambiar-his-birth-centenary-112681 |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=14 March 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> During the filming of a scene where the zamindar chases the hero and heroine via horse carriage, one of its wheels suddenly came off. Even though the driver panicked, Nambiar asked him to continue driving the carriage and as it overturned, jumped out, took aim and shot.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan V. |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=16 November 2010 |title=Reel villain, real hero |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Reel-villain-real-hero/article15689125.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227093205/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Reel-villain-real-hero/article15689125.ece |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=1 September 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The final length of the film was {{convert|4472|metres|feet}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1963&nbsp;– நெஞ்சம் மறப்பதில்லை&nbsp;– மனோகர் பிக்சர். |trans-title=1963&nbsp;– Nenjam Marappathillai&nbsp;– Manohar Pictures. |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1963-cinedetails26.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190214064802/http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1963-cinedetails26.asp |archive-date=14 February 2019 |access-date=14 February 2019 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by the duo [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]], while the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]] assisted by his nephew [[Panchu Arunachalam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nenjam Marappadhillai (1963) |url=http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/Nenjam-Marapithallai-T0000703 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811192650/http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/Nenjam-Marapithallai-T0000703 |archive-date=11 August 2014 |access-date=7 January 2015 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The title song exists in four different versions: a male version, a female version, and two duet versions&nbsp;– one happy and one sad.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathevan |first=Santhosh |date=14 July 2018 |title=My favourite six by the King of Melodies MSV |url=https://www.santhoshmathevan.com/2018/07/my-favourite-six-by-king-of-melodies-msv.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190514090211/https://www.santhoshmathevan.com/2018/07/my-favourite-six-by-king-of-melodies-msv.html |archive-date=14 May 2019 |access-date=14 May 2019 |website=Santhosh Mathevan}}</ref> It took six months to compose the song.<ref name="honour" /><ref name="six months" /> That, and the song "Azhagukkum Malarukkum" attained popularity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Muthahar |first=Syed |date=29 December 2002 |title=Traditional music should not be diluted |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/12/29/stories/2002122906910200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071336/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/12/29/stories/2002122906910200.htm |archive-date=15 December 2013 |access-date=8 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name="RandorGuy" /> "Azhagukkum Malarukkum" is set in Eeshamanohari raga while the title song is set in Maand raga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஏழிசை எம்எஸ்வி {{!}} பயோகிராபி |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/msv/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626130400/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/msv/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Ta}}</ref> It took 45 days to compose all the songs for the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=16 April 1989 |title=திரையும் இசையும்... |trans-title=Screen and music... |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1989-04-16/kalki1989-04-16.pdf |access-date=8 July 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=20–22 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! Song !! Singers !! Length<br />
|-<br />
| "Azhagukkum Malarukkum" || [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]] || 03:53<br />
|-<br />
| "Kadu Malai Medu Kanda" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || 03:20<br />
|-<br />
| "Mundhanai Panthada" || [[L. R. Eswari]], [[P. Susheela]] || 04:05<br />
|-<br />
| "Nenjam Marappathillai" (Duet) || P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela || 04:04<br />
|-<br />
| "Nenjam Marappathillai" (Lady) || P. Susheela || 04:21<br />
|-<br />
| "Nenjam Marappathillai" (Man) || P. B. Sreenivas || 04:06<br />
|-<br />
| "Nenjam Marappathillai" (Sad) || P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela || 03:36<br />
|-<br />
| "Thenadi Meenadi" || T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela || 03:59<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
''Nenjam Marappathillai'' was released on 2 August 1963.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 August 1963 |title=Nenjam Marappathillai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630802&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=14 February 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film did not succeed commercially;{{sfn|Dipak Nambiar|2019|page=43}} according to historian [[Randor Guy]], this was because "many were sceptical about people having recollections of their previous birth."<ref name="RandorGuy" /><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Reviewing the film for ''[[Sport and Pastime]]'', T. M. Ramachandran said, "''Nenjam Marappathillai'' is one of those rare films which have the makings of a box-office hit without compromising realism or sacrificing good taste."<ref name="Sport and Pastime" /> A reviewer for ''Conservative'' said, "Sridhar has shaped the [film] on the lines of popular Hindi versions and has used his skill to render the [film] covering two generations extremely interesting and spectacular", and was appreciative of the cinematography and performances of Kalyan Kumar, Devika and Nambiar.<ref>{{Cite magazine |year=1963 |title=Nenjam Marappathillai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uxjbm_UarNIC&q=Nenjam |access-date=28 March 2024 |magazine=Conservative |pages=45 |volume=3}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated the film for Sridhar's direction and writing, and Nambiar's costumes and makeup.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=18 August 1963 |title=நெஞ்சம் மறப்பதில்லை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1963-08-18/page/n47/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230308112911/https://archive.org/details/kalki1963-08-18/page/n47/mode/2up |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=9 August 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=46–47 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> However, the critic from ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'' said, "Ah, what a comedown from the mighty ''[[Nenjil Or Aalayam|Nenjil Oor Alayam]]''!".<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1 September 1963 |title=Dwindling market for regional films |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLG15cIIALQC&q=%22understanding+and+intelligent+portrayals+of+the+roles+assigned+to+her%22 |access-date=25 June 2019 |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |page=53 |volume=84}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
''Nenjam Marappathillai'' attained [[Cult film|cult status]] in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekar |first=Anjana |date=5 July 2018 |title=These Tamil thrillers from before the '90s are a must-watch |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/these-tamil-thrillers-90s-are-must-watch-84233 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190214063745/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/these-tamil-thrillers-90s-are-must-watch-84233 |archive-date=14 February 2019 |access-date=14 February 2019 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Director [[Ameer (director)|Ameer]] named it one of his most favourite films and said, "''Nenjam Marappadhillai'' not only breaks free from the formulaic screenplay, but director Sridhar does something revolutionary by introducing new faces in it."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=13 July 2007 |title=Filmmakers' favourites |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/filmmakers-favourites/article2272999.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214004436/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/filmmakers-favourites/article2272999.ece |archive-date=14 December 2013 |access-date=8 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Cinematographer [[P. C. Sreeram]] stated, "I still remember how terrified I was while returning home after watching ''Nenjam Marapathillai'' and ''[[Athey Kangal (1967 film)|Athey Kangal]]''. Spooky themes were great entertainers".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sangeetha |first=P. |date=29 March 2009 |title=Indian cinema is growing |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-29/news-interviews/28010071_1_english-films-indian-cinema-yaavarum-nalam |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131208214325/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-29/news-interviews/28010071_1_english-films-indian-cinema-yaavarum-nalam |archive-date=8 December 2013 |access-date=8 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> M. N. Nambiar said that it was one of his favourite films he acted in.{{sfn|Dipak Nambiar|2019|page=43}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=15 March 2007 |title=A legend in his own right |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/15/stories/2007031518020200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429020139/http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/15/stories/2007031518020200.htm |archive-date=29 April 2011 |access-date=8 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> A [[Nenjam Marappathillai (TV series)|2019 TV series]] was named after the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijayakumar |first=Sindhu |date=9 September 2017 |title=When television borrows titles from movies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/when-television-borrows-titles-from-movies/articleshow/60424327.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200314064409/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/when-television-borrows-titles-from-movies/articleshow/60424327.cms |archive-date=14 March 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references><br />
<br />
<ref name="Sport and Pastime">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=24 August 1963 |title=An Unforgettable film |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12015/page/n446/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230202051646/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12015/page/n446/mode/2up |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=2 February 2023 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |page=50 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=17}}</ref><br />
<ref name="RandorGuy">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=2 February 2013 |title=Nenjam Marapathillai 1963 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/nenjam-marapathillai-1963/article4372260.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214061017/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/nenjam-marapathillai-1963/article4372260.ece |archive-date=14 December 2013 |access-date=8 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<ref name="honour">{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=16 February 1992 |title=திலிப் குமார் அளித்த கெளரவம் |trans-title=Honour offered by Dilip Kumar |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1992-02-16/kalki1992-02-16.pdf |access-date=28 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=58–59 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<ref name="six months">{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=23 February 1992 |title=ஆறுமாதம் காக்க வைத்த அருமையான டியூன்! |trans-title=Waited six months for this tune! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-02-23/page/n59/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240328142624/https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-02-23/page/n59/mode/2up? |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=58–59 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
</references><br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Dipak Nambiar |first=M. N. |title=Nambiarswami: The Good, the Bad and the Holy |date=7 March 2019 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=978-93-5302-843-5}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=Aranthai |title=தமிழ் சினிமாவின் கதை |publisher=New Century Book House |year=1981 |language=ta |trans-title=The story of Tamil cinema |oclc=425990359}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
{{C. V. Sridhar}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1963 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1960s supernatural films]]<br />
[[Category:1963 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1963 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about reincarnation]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on newspaper and magazine articles]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian supernatural films]]<br />
[[Category:Paranormal romance films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1960s romance films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romance films]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Salman_Shahjahanpuri&diff=484431Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri2026-04-30T02:05:17Z<p>Samwaterman2016: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Pakistani historian (1940–2021)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox academic<br />
|honorific_prefix = <br />
|birth_name = Tasadduq Hussain Khan<br />
|name = Abu Salmān Shahjahānpūri<br />
|birth_date = 30 January 1940<br />
|birth_place = [[Shahjahanpur]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]<br />
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2021|2|2|1940|1|30}} <br />
|death_place = [[Karachi]], Pakistan<br />
|alma_mater = [[Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi]], [[University of Karachi]], [[University of Sindh]]<br />
|thesis_title = Tazkirah Khānwāda-e-Waliullāhi<br />
|thesis_url = https://archive.org/details/TazkiraEKhanvadaEWaliullahi<br />
|thesis_year = <br />
|doctoral_advisor = Sakhi Ahmad Hashmi<br />
}}<br />
'''Abu Salmān Shahjahānpūri''' (30 January 1940 – 2 February 2021; {{langx|ur|{{nq|ابو سلمان شاہجہانپوری}}}}) was a [[Pakistani]] scholar, researcher and historian. He was regarded as an authority in the historical and political movements of the Indian subcontinent. He was an alumnus of [[Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi]], [[University of Karachi]] and the [[University of Sindh]]. He wrote more than 150 books including ''Ifādat-e-Azād'' and ''Maulānā ʻUbaidullāh Sindhī ke inqilābī manṣūbe''.<br />
<br />
==Life and career==<br />
Abu Salmān Shahjahānpūri was born Tasadduq Hussain Khan on 30 January 1940 in [[Shahjahanpur]].<ref name="alert">{{cite news |author1=Inayat Shamsi |title=کراچی: 150 سے زائد کتابوں کے مصنف ابو سلمان شاہجہان پوری چل بسے |trans-title=Karachi:Author of more than 150 books, Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri passes away |url=https://alert.com.pk/archives/27674 |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=Alert News |date=2 February 2021 |language=ur |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209063347/https://alert.com.pk/archives/27674 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="express">{{cite news |author1=Rizwan Tahir Mubeen |title=تحقیق میں خود نمائی سے دور رہا، بطور مرتب بھی نام آنا اچھا نہیں لگتا، ڈاکٹر ابو سلمان |trans-title=I stayed away from "self-praise" in research: Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri|url=https://www.express.pk/story/1577412/1/ |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=[[Express News (TV channel)|Express News]] |date=5 March 2019 |language=ur}}</ref> He was schooled at Madrasa Saeedia in Shahjahanpur and the [[Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi]] in [[Moradabad]]. Aged 10, he migrated to [[Pakistan]] in 1950.<ref name="arynews"/> He received a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] and an [[Master of Arts|MA]] degree from the [[University of Karachi]] and completed his doctoral studies at the [[University of Sindh]].<ref name="arynews"/><ref name="alert"/> The subject of his doctoral study was to compile and study ''Khānwada-e-Waliullāhi'' of [[Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref name="baseerat">{{cite news |author1=Abdullah Shamim Qasmi |title=ايک چراغ اور بجھا نامور محقق ومصنف ڈاکٹر ابو سلمان شاہجہانپوری كى وفات |trans-title= One more gem lost, Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri no more|url=https://www.baseeratonline.com/135110 |access-date=3 February 2021 |work=Baseerat Online |date=2 February 2021 |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shahjahānpūri served as a Professor at [[Government National College, Karachi]] and retired in 2002.<ref>{{Citation|author1=Javed Ahmad Khurshid |title=Kitābiyāt, Tasānī, maqālat wa dīgar az Dr Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri |journal=Tehseel |date=January–June 2019 |issue=4 |page=199 |trans-title=Abu Salmān Shahjahānpūri bibliography}}</ref><ref name="alert"/> He was regarded as an authority on historical and political movements of the Indian subcontinent.<ref name="dawn">{{cite news |author1=Uzaira Khan |title=History in a different perspective |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/573194 |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=18 October 2010}}</ref> He was associated with Abul Kalam Azad Research Institute in Karachi and visited [[India]] during 2014 to present his papers in an International seminar about [[Abul Kalam Azad]] organized by Iran Society and [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies]] in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite news |title=International seminar to mark Maulana Azad's 125th birth anniversary |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/international-seminar-to-mark-maulana-azad-s-125th-birth-anniversary-114090200918_1.html |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=2 September 2014}}</ref> His articles appeared in the ''Ma'ārif'' of [[Shibli Academy]], the ''Burhān'' of [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]], ''[[Madina (Bijnor)|Madina]]'' and the ''Chattan''.<ref name="express" /> In 2010, he had more than one hundred books to his credit.<ref name="dawn"/> He stopped writing in 2016 due to his weakness and old age.<ref name="baseerat" /><br />
<br />
Shahjahānpūri's house was set on fire during the [[Qasba Aligarh massacre]] in 1986. According to a 2019 [[Express News (TV channel)|Express News]] report, hundreds of works were lost in this incident including rare manuscripts that he possessed.<ref name="express" /><br />
<br />
==Abul Kalamism==<br />
{{see|Abul Kalam Azad}}<br />
Shahjahānpūri was regarded as a major "Abul Kalāmi" in Pakistan after [[Agha Shorish Kashmiri]] and [[Ghulam Rasool Mehr]].<ref name="khalid">{{cite news |author1=Khalid Humayun |title=ڈاکٹر ابوسلمان شاہجہانپوری کی ابوالکلامیاں |trans-title=Pro Abul Kalamic stances of Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri|url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/19-Dec-2012/31741 |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=[[Daily Pakistan]] |date=19 December 2012 |language=ur}}</ref> He started writing in 1957, and his first article appeared after the death of Abul Kalam Azad.<ref name="jang" /> He codified various articles of Azad and got them published.<ref name="khalid"/> He wrote explanatory notes to the Urdu translation of Azad's ''India Wins Freedom''.<ref name="khalid"/> His works on Azad include ''Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Ek Siyasi Mutala'', ''Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Ranchi mai nazarbandi awr uska faizān'', ''Maulana Abul Kalam Azad awr Khwajah Hasan Nizami'', ''Maulana Abul Kalam Azad ke chand buzurg'' and ''Abul Kalam Azad awr un ke ma'āsirīn''.<ref>{{Citation|author1=Javed Ahmad Khurshid |title=Kitābiyāt, Tasānīf, maqālat wa dīgar az Dr Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri |journal=Tehseel |date=January–June 2019 |issue=4 |pages=200–206 |trans-title=Abu Salmān Shahjahānpūri bibliography}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Literary works==<br />
Shahjahānpūri wrote more than 150&nbsp;books.<ref name="alert" /> Fifty of his books are only about [[Abul Kalam Azad]].<ref name="jang">{{cite news |title=ممتاز محقق اور مصنف ڈاکٹر ابو سلمان شاہجہانپوری انتقال کرگئے |trans-title=Known researcher and author Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri passes away|url=https://jang.com.pk/news/880319 |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=[[Daily Jang]] |date=2 February 2021 |language=ur}}</ref> His major research work is the compilation of the political diary of [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], ''Hussain Ahmad Madani ki siyāsi diary: akhbār-o-afkār ki roshni mai'', which spreads over seven thousand pages, in eight different volumes.<ref name="baseerat" /> Shahjahānpūri has the credit of getting ''Ilm-o-Aagahi'', the college magazine of [[Government National College, Karachi]], published as a research magazine.<ref name="dawn" /> His other works include:<ref>{{cite web |title=WorldCat profile of Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri |url=https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85282274/ |website=worldcat.org |publisher=[[WorldCat]] |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref><br />
* ''Imām al-Hind, taʻmīr-i afkār'' <br />
* ''Dīvān-i Āh: Abū al-Naṣr G̲h̲ulām Yāsīn Āh Dihlavī ke Urdū aur Fārsī kalām kā majmūʻah maʻ z̤amīmah kalām-i Ārzū va Ābrū''<br />
* ''Taḥrīk-i Pākistān: afkār o masāʼil'' <br />
* ''Maulānā Muḥammad ʻAlī aur unkī ṣaḥāfat'' ([[Muhammad Ali Jauhar]] and his journalism)<br />
* ''Ashfāqullāh K̲h̲ān̲ Shahīd : ḥayāt o afkār : kākorī kes kā hīro''<br />
* ''Maulānā ʻUbaidullāh Sindhī ke inqilābī manṣūbe'' (Revolutionary mission of [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]])<br />
* ''Maulānā Muḥammad ʻAlī : savāniḥ va k̲h̲idmāt''<br />
<br />
==Death and legacy==<br />
Shahjahānpūri died on 2 February 2021 in [[Karachi]].<ref name="arynews">{{cite news |title=اردو کے ممتاز محقّق اور مضمون نگار ابو سلمان شاہ جہاں پوری انتقال کرگئے |trans-title= A known researcher and writer of Urdu language, Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri passed away|url=https://urdu.arynews.tv/dr-abu-salman-shahjahanpuri-died-karachi/ |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=[[ARY News]] |date=2 February 2021}}</ref> Indian scholars [[Usman Mansoorpuri]] and [[Mahmood Madani]] expressed sorrow on his death.<ref name="jamiat">{{Cite tweet |author= [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]]|user=JamiatUlama_in |number=1356581569914314754 |date= 2 February 2021 |title=Condolence letter by the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind |script-title= |location= |access-date=2 February 2020 |link= |ref=Official Twitter Handle of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Akhtarul Wasey]] and Khaliq Anjum co-authored ''Maulānā Abūlkalām Āzād ke muḥaqqiq Ḍākṭar Abū Salmān Shāhjahānpūrī: shak̲h̲ṣīyat aur adabī k̲h̲idmāt'' (The research scholar of [[Abul Kalam Azad]], Abu Salmān Shahjahānpūri: Life and academic works).<ref>{{cite book |title=Maulānā Abūlkalām Āzād ke muḥaqqiq Ḍākṭar Abū Salmān Shāhjahānpūrī : shak̲h̲ṣīyat aur adabī k̲h̲idmāt |publisher=[[WorldCat]] |oclc=122421557 }}</ref> According to [[Moinuddin Aqeel]], "Shahjahānpūri is the scholar who is a keen observer of the rise and fall of the nationalist and historic movements of Indian subcontinent".<ref name="dawn"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}<br />
* {{cite news |author1=Khalid Humayun |title=ڈاکٹر ابوسلمان شاہجہانپوری کی ابوالکلامیاں |trans-title=Pro Abul Kalamic stances of Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri|url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/19-Dec-2012/31741 |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=[[Daily Pakistan]] |date=19 December 2012 |language=ur}}<br />
* {{cite journal |author1=Javed Ahmad Khurshid |title=Kitābiyāt, Tasānīf, maqālat wa dīgar az Dr Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri |url=https://tehseel.com/dr-abu-salman-shahjahanpuri/|journal=Tehseel |date=January–June 2019 |issue=4 |pages=199–214 |trans-title=Abu Salmān Shahjahānpūri bibliography |publisher=Idārah Ma'ārif-e-Islami |location=Karachi|access-date=3 February 2021}}<br />
* {{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Bilal |title=Dr Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri remembered for his scholarly works |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/793169-dr-abu-salman-shahjahanpuri-remembered-for-his-scholarly-works |access-date=22 February 2021 |work=[[The News International]] |date=21 February 2021}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahjahanpuri, Abu Salman}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
[[Category:1940 births]]<br />
[[Category:2021 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shahjahanpur]]<br />
[[Category:Madrasa Shahi alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Karachi alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Sindh alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Historians of Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Historians of India]]<br />
[[Category:Muhajir people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani historians]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Pakistani historians]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shilpi_Sharma_(DJ)&diff=534988Shilpi Sharma (DJ)2026-04-29T07:08:01Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created new bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actress, model and DJ}}<br />
{{Cleanup rewrite|The article needs to be rewritten, currently looks like a propaganda piece |article or section|date=May 2017}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Shilpi Sharma<br />
| image = {{CSS image crop<br />
|Image = Shilpi Sharma at 22nd Lions Gold Awards in 2016.jpg<br />
|bSize = 400<br />
|cWidth = 220<br />
|cHeight = 190<br />
|oTop = 0<br />
|oLeft = 90<br />
|Location = center<br />
}} <br />
| caption = <br />
| alt = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = [[Dholpur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Actress]], [[Model (person)|Model]], [[DJ]]<br />
| yearsactive = 2001–present<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Shilpi Sharma''', occasionally credited as '''Shilpi Mudgal''', is an Indian [[actress]], [[Model (person)|model]] and a [[Disc jockey|DJ]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Actress-turned-DJ-Shilpi-Sharma-gets-a-new-stylish-look/articleshow/47985151.cms|title=Actress turned DJ Shilpi Sharma gets a new stylish look - Times of India|work=indiatimes.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Sharma originates from a city called [[Dholpur]] in the state of Rajasthan, near the city of [[Agra]]. She hails from [[Political families of Rajasthan|The Jagan Family]], one of the most well-known and powerful political and entrepreneurial families in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. Her late father, Murari Lal Sharma, served as Nagar Palika, Chairman of Dholpur as Pradhan; her mother and brothers are similarly involved in business and governmental departments. Her uncle [[Banwari Lal Sharma]] is a Congress candidate and served as an [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] & Minister for over two decades. Her Brother Ritesh Sharma was a Mayor of Dholpur.<br />
<br />
She studied in [[Nainital]] & Mumbai and has a degree in acting and interior designing from New York, United States.{{clarify|reason=New York is a city or a state, not an educational institution.|date=October 2021}}<br />
<br />
== As a DJ==<br />
In 2014, as a DJ, Sharma became famous for remixing the song "[[Baby Doll (Kanika Kapoor song)|Baby Doll]]" from the movie ''[[Ragini MMS 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.sulekha.com/shilpi-sharma_actor-news-article_shillpi-sharma-official-dj-mix-baby-doll-soaring-high-on-chartbusters|title=Shillpi Sharma official DJ Mix Baby Doll soaring high on chartbusters -Shilpi Sharma-Movies|work=sulekha.com}}</ref> She touched new heights when her song "[[Chittiyaan Kalaiyaan]]" from the movie ''[[Roy (2015 film)|Roy]]'' was released. She has been remixing most of Shah Rukh Khan's film songs. Shilpi Sharma is on a roll with her three super hit remixes for the film ''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]''. Produced all-time chartbuster remixes of Shahrukh Khan’s films Dilwale, Jab Harry Met Sejal, Happy New Year, Dear Zindagi, and Raees. Her official Dilwale Soundtrack Remix Album was launched by Shah Rukh Khan himself. She is the only female DJ in India to have her own show on 9XM channel – 9XM House of Dance (two seasons 2020 & 2021): the biggest party mashup show in the country.<br />
<br />
Sharma is voted as the top-ranking DJs in India consecutively for the last two years by DJanemag.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}<br />
<br />
==TV advertisement==<br />
Sharma started her career by acting in television advertisements. She was the face of [[Pears Soap]] for five years. She did ads for other brands such as [[HSBC]], Larsen & Tubro, Icici, Khaitan Fans, Babool Toothpaste, Nippo Gold Batteries with [[Rahul Dravid]], [[McDonald's]], [[Park Avenue]], and [[Colgate-Palmolive|Colgate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollygraph.com/featured/shillpi-sharma-in-conversation-with-bollygraph/25922/|title=Shillpi Sharma in conversation with BollyGraph!|work=bollygraph.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Film career==<br />
<br />
After doing a number of ads, she made her movie debut as a lead actress with director [[N. Chandra]]'s [[comedy thriller]] ''[[Style (2001 film)|Style]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100525/jsp/entertainment/story_12482661.jsp|title=The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) – Entertainment – Bangkok bound|work=telegraphindia.com|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2010|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091059/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100525/jsp/entertainment/story_12482661.jsp}}</ref> She was next cast as a lead actress opposite Sunny Deol in Rahul Rawail's ''[[Jo Bole So Nihaal (film)|Jo Bole So Nihaal]]''. She made a brief appearance in [[Subhash Ghai]]'s film, ''[[Right Yaa Wrong]]''.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} <br />
<br />
In 2012, she has acted in [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]'s film ''[[Heroine (2012 film)|Heroine]]'', this drama film was written, directed, and co-produced by [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]. In the film, Shilpi Sharma's character name was Isha Sharma. Shilpi described her chance in Bhandarkar as "a family friend" who was approached by the director to play a glamorous role. Shilpi is also currently signed for many Bollywood films.<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shilpi-Sharma-to-return-to-Bollywood-with-fun-filled-films/articleshow/46977485.cms|title=Shilpi Sharma to return to Bollywood with fun-filled films - Times of India|work=indiatimes.com}}</ref> Shilpi also did a special appearance in the film ''[[Thank You (2011 film)|Thank You]]''.<ref name="indiatimes.com"/><ref name="indiatimes.com1">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/DJ-Shilpi-Sharma-receives-an-award-at-the-Young-Women-Achievers-Awards/articleshow/46537553.cms|title=DJ Shilpi Sharma receives an award at the Young Women Achievers Awards - Times of India|work=indiatimes.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognition==<br />
*DJ Shilpi Sharma received Young Women Achievers Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/DJ-Shilpi-Sharma-receives-an-award-at-the-Young-Women-Achievers-Awards/articleshow/46537553.cms|title=DJ Shilpi Sharma receives an award at the Young Women Achievers Awards|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2021-10-25}}</ref><br />
*Felicitated by ex-President [[Pratibha Patil]] for her work towards social causes. {{citation needed|date=October 2021}}<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role <br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''[[Style (2001 film)|Style]]''<br />
|Rani<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[Jo Bole So Nihaal (film)|Jo Bole So Nihaal]]''<br />
| Satinder "Suzanne" Kaur<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Right Yaa Wrong]]''<br />
|Special Appearance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2011<br />
| ''[[Thank You (2011 film)|Thank You]]''<br />
| Kammo<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Be Careful (film)|Be Careful]]''<br />
| Kavita<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
|''[[Heroine (2012 film)|Heroine]]''<br />
|Isha Sharma<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Film/Album<br />
!Song<br />
!Co-artist(s)<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2014<br />
|''[[Ragini MMS 2]]''<br />
|"Baby Doll" (Remix)<br />
|[[Kanika Kapoor]], [[Meet Bros]]<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Baby Doll (Remix By Meet Bros Anjjan,Dj Shilpi Sharma)|date=2014-02-28|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/73H3mFw3AtrgGsjXqsHQXt|language=en|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]''<br />
|"Lovely" (Remix)<br />
|[[Kanika Kapoor]], Miraya Varma, Ravindra Upadhyay, Fateh<br />
|<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|title=DJ Shilpi gets second time lucky with SRK {{!}} Celebs - Times of India Videos|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/celebs/dj-shilpi-gets-second-time-lucky-with-srk/videoshow/50253279.cms|access-date=2021-10-14|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2015<br />
|''[[Roy (2015 film)|Roy]]''<br />
|"Chittiyaan Kalaiyaan"<br />
|[[Kanika Kapoor]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shilpi Sharma on a break following the success of Chitthiyan Kaliyan - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shilpi-sharma-on-a-break-following-the-success-of-chitthiyan-kaliyan/articleshow/46272126.cms|access-date=2021-10-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]''<br />
|"Gerua" (Remix)<br />
|[[Pritam]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><br />
|-<br />
|"Manma Emotion Jage" (Remix)<br />
|[[Antara Mitra]], [[Anushka Manchanda]], [[Pritam]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Tukur Tukur" (Remix)<br />
|[[Pritam]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2016<br />
|''[[The Legend of Michael Mishra]]''<br />
|"Luv Letter" (Remix)<br />
|[[Meet Bros]]<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Luv Letter Remix(Remix By Meet Bros,Feat. Dj Shilpi Sharma)|date=2016-08-17|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/0PuLp7nhlp03ZCFym4ge2C|language=en|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]''<br />
|"Tere Sang Yaara"<br />
|[[Atif Aslam]]<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Tere Sang Yaara Remix - Rustom - Atif Aslam - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=2019-10-29|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/tere-sang-yaara-remix---rustom/7Tc6OkTudiM_|language=en-US|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Dear Zindagi]]''<br />
|"Ae Zindagi Gale Lagale"<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Amit Trivedi]], [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Ae Zindagi Gale Laga Le (Remix By DJ Shilpi) [From "Dear Zindagi"] (Full Song) - The Bollywood Remix Project 2017 - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=2017-04-28|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/ae-zindagi-gale-laga-le-remix-by-dj-shilpi-from-dear-zindagi/QCIRRxZ3fQc|language=en-US|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2017<br />
|''[[Raees (2017 film)|Raees]]''<br />
|"Zaalima"<br />
|[[Harshdeep Kaur]], [[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Zaalima - Remix By DJ Shilpi Sharma - Sreerama Chandra, Harshdeep Kaur - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=2017-02-01|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/zaalima---remix-by-dj-shilpi-sharma/Qzh2e9aB5M8_|language=en-US|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]''<br />
|"Ghar" (Remix)<br />
|[[Mohit Chauhan]], [[Nikhita Gandhi]]<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Listen to Ghar (Official Remix by DJ Shilpi Sharma) [From "Jab Harry Met Sejal"] Song by Pritam on Gaana.com|url=https://gaana.com/song/ghar-official-remix-by-dj-shilpi-sharma-from-jab-harry-met-sejal|language=en|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|"Hawayein" (Remix)<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Pritam]]<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Hawayein (Official Remix by DJ Shilpi Sharma) [From "Jab Harry Met Sejal"] - Single by Pritam, DJ Shilpi Sharma & Arijit Singh|date=2017-08-11|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/hawayein-official-remix-by-dj-shilpi-sharma-from-jab/1270580357|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|"Butterfly" (Remix)<br />
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Pritam]], [[Dev Negi]], [[Aaman Trikha]], [[Nooran Sisters]]<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Butterfly (Official Remix by DJ Shilpi Sharma) [From "Jab Harry Met Sejal"]|date=2017-07-31|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3nhrkxyYJJWxC4gDSMwAxd|language=en|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Salaam-E-Ishq''<br />
|"Salaam-E-Ishq" (Reprise)<br />
|[[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Munshi|first=Suman|date=2017-08-08|title="Salaam-E-Ishq" promotion by Actor & Dj Shilpi Sharma at Kolkata {{!}} IBG News|url=https://www.ibgnews.com/2017/08/08/salaam-e-ishq-promotion-actor-dj-shilpi-sharma-kolkata/|access-date=2021-10-14|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |2020<br />
| rowspan="6" |''9XM House Of Dance-''<br />
''New Year Special''<br />
|"Volume 1"<br />
| rowspan="6" |Various<br />
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Citation|title=9XM House of Dance : New Year Special|date=2021-01-22|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/2Yb2LqOT3SIChNQDfcgQgD|language=en|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Citation|last=DJ Shilpi Sharma|title=9XM House of Dance : New Year Special : Set 6|url=https://www.amazon.com/9XM-House-Dance-Special-Shilpi/dp/B08THWLSG6|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|"Volume 2"<br />
|-<br />
|"Volume 3"<br />
|-<br />
|"Volume 4"<br />
|-<br />
|"Volume 5"<br />
|-<br />
|"Volume 6"<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |2021<br />
| rowspan="7" |''9XM House Of Dance-''<br />
<br />
''New Year Special''<br />
|"Set 1"<br />
| rowspan="7" |Various<br />
| rowspan="7" |<ref>{{Citation|title=9XM House of Dance : New Year Special by DJ Shilpi Sharma|date=2021-01-22|url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/9xm-house-of-dance-new-year-special/1549863409|language=en-AU|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Citation|title=9XM House Of Dance - DJ Shilpi Sharma (Full Song) - DJ Shilpi Sharma - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=2020-03-13|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/9xm-house-of-dance---dj-shilpi-sharma/NQcPCCdCcFQ|language=en-US|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref>{{Cite web|title=DJ Shilpi Sharma Songs: Listen DJ Shilpi Sharma Hit Songs on Gaana.com|url=https://gaana.com/artist/dj-shilpi-sharma-1|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Gaana|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|"Set 2"<br />
|-<br />
|"Set 3"<br />
|-<br />
|"Set 4"<br />
|-<br />
|"Set 5"<br />
|-<br />
|"Set 6"<br />
|-<br />
|"Set 7"<br />
|-<br />
|''Satrangi Piya''<br />
|"Satrangi Piya"<br />
|[[Prakriti Kakar]], Samarth Swarup<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-12|title=DJ Shilpi, Prakriti Kakkar, and Samarth Swarup come together for Satrangi Piya|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/dj-shilpi-prakriti-kakkar-and-samarth-swarup-come-together-for-satrangi-piya-1503017350.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=The Statesman|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of Indian film actresses]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|1789022|Shilpi Sharma}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|shilpi-mudgal<!-- id# 31064 -->|Shilpi Mudgal}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Shillpi}}<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudhendu_Roy&diff=537899Sudhendu Roy2026-04-26T14:38:09Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created a data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film director (1921–1999)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sudhendu Roy<br />
| image = <!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] --><br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = 1921<!-- {{Birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Birth-date and age|Month DD, YYYY}} --><br />
| birth_place = [[Pabna]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = 1999<!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --><br />
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
|years_active =1948–1999<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|film director|art director|production designer}}<br />
| known_for = ''[[Madhumati]]'' (1959), ''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]'' (1963), ''[[Saudagar (1973 film)|Saudagar]]'' (1973)<br />
| children = 3, including [[Sharmishta Roy]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sudhendu Roy''' (1921–1999) was a noted Indian film director, art director and production designer in [[Hindi cinema]], most known for his realistic art direction in auteur [[Bimal Roy]]'s films, like ''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]'' (1959), ''[[Madhumati]]'' (1959) and ''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]'' (1963), and glitzy work in films [[Subhash Ghai]]'s ''[[Karz (film)|Karz]]'' (1980) and ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'' (1986) to [[Yash Chopra]]'s ''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]'' (1981), ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989) and ''[[Lamhe]]'' (1991).<ref name=today08>{{cite web |title=10 unsung stars of Indian cinema|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20081229-10-unsung-stars-of-indian-cinema-738585-2008-12-24 |date=25 December 2008|publisher=India Today |access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> He won the [[Filmfare Award]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]] thrice for, ''[[Madhumati]]'' (1959), ''[[Mere Mehboob]]'' (1964) and ''[[Sagina (film)|Sagina]]'' (1975).<br />
<br />
He also directed Hindi films like ''[[Uphaar]]'' (1971) and ''[[Saudagar (1973 film)|Saudagar]]'' (1973), both of which were [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|India's official entry]] to the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref name="Osborne1973">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Osborne|title=Academy awards Oscar annual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6fwpAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=27 July 2012|year=1973|publisher=ESE California.|page=1959}}</ref><ref name="Alliance1973">{{cite book|author=India News and Feature Alliance|title=The States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2EojAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=27 July 2012|year=1973|publisher=India News and Feature Alliance.|page=29}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Sudhendu Roy was born and brought up in [[Pabna]] (now in Bangladesh), where his father Puranchandra Roy was a lawyer by profession from eastern [[Bengal]], who was also a writer and even took part in the freedom movement, and wanted his son to study law, young Roy had other plans, so he took his admission fees to join a law college in Kolkata, and ran away from home, never to go back.<ref name=gu671>[[#Gu|Gulzar, p. 671]]</ref><ref name=screen11/><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
A self-taught man, he started his career as a commercial artist. He struggled for some years, and later joined [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]] in Kolkata as an art director. After meeting, Parimal Roy, brother and cameraman of film director, [[Bimal Roy]], he did ''Anjangarh'' (1948) produced by [[New Theatres]] and directed by Bimal Roy. The film was a commercial success and thus started a collaboration which lasted the rest of Bimal Roy's film career. In the following years he worked with directors like [[Tapan Sinha]] and Hiten Choudhary. Finally Bimal Roy left Kolkata in early 1950s, and shifted to Hindi cinema, he too shifted base to Mumbai as a part of his team, making his debut in Hindi cinema with ''[[Biraj Bahu]]'' (1954), ''[[Madhumati]]'' (1958), ''[[Yahudi]]'' (1958), ''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]'' (1959) and ''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]'' (1963), after this Bimal Roy died in 1966, though made a small film ''Benazir'' (1964).<ref name=today08/><ref name=gu671/><ref name=screen11>{{cite web |title=The art of the matter|author=Rajiv Vijayakar|url=http://screen.indianexpress.com/news/the-art-of-the-matter/785662/ |date=6 May 2011|publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]], Express Group|accessdate=17 March 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the peak of his career as an art director, he was offered, ''[[Uphaar]]'' (1971) by [[Tarachand Barjatya]] of [[Rajshri Productions]], the film was based on [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s story ''Samapti'' and had [[Jaya Bachchan]] in her first solo lead. Later it was chosen India's entry to the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. This was followed by ''[[Saudagar (1973 film)|Saudagar]]'' (1973), based on Bengali story, ''Ras'' by [[Narendranath Mitra]] and starring [[Nutan]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Padma Khanna]] as leads, the film was not a commercial success, but received much critical acclaim,<ref>{{cite news |title=Saudagar (1973) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/saudagar-1973/article4294643.ece |work=The Hindu |date=10 January 2013 |accessdate=17 March 2013}}</ref> and also became India's entry to the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. His two others films, based on his own stories, ''[[Sweekar]]'' (1973) and ''[[Jeevan Mukt]]'' (1977). Lastly, he made a romantic comedy, ''[[Aap Ki Khatir (1977 film)|Aap Ki Khatir]]'' (1977) with [[Vinod Khanna]] and [[Rekha]] as lead, featuring hit song, ''Bombai se Aaya Mera Dost''.<ref name=screen11/><br />
<br />
Thereafter, he continued working as a production designer for the next two-decade, cross genres and collaborating as new generation of film directors, Subhash Ghai and Yash Johar, in films like ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978), ''[[Karz (film)|Karz]]'' (1980), ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' (1982), ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'' (1986), ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989), ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]'' (1990), ''[[Lamhe]]'' (1991) and ''[[Darr]]'' (1993). He created an unparalleled association with Yash Chopra which was carried out, after him, by his daughter who also worked with the Chopra's for two decades and received numerous accolades for her work with them.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
While working in film industry, he befriended noted art director Ganesh Basak, who worked on Bimal Roy's film, ''[[Do Bigha Zameen]]'' (1953) and ''[[Nagina (1986 film)|Nagina]]'' (1986).<ref>{{IMDb name|1220272|Ganesh Basak}}</ref> Later Roy married his sister Krishna.<ref name=screen11/> Out of their three children, his youngest daughter,<ref>{{cite web |title=Set and match |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/mar/23sha.htm |date=23 March 1999 |work=Rediff.com |accessdate=18 March 2013}}</ref> [[Sharmishta Roy]] is also an art director in Hindi cinema, and assisted him in her early career, before starting independently, receiving Filmfare Award for ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1998), ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1999), ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]'' (2002).<ref name=today08/><ref>{{IMDb name|0747181|Sharmishta Roy}}</ref> and the [[National Film Award for Best Production Design]] for ''[[Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities]]'' (2003).<ref name="51stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821032408/http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2013 |access-date=29 January 2018}}</ref> His son Krishnendu runs an animation studio, and one daughter, Sumona, lives in Canada.<ref name=screen11/><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
;Director<br />
* ''[[Uphaar]]'' (1971)<br />
* ''[[Saudagar (1973 film)|Saudagar]]'' (1973)<br />
* ''Sweekar '' (1973)<br />
* ''[[Jeevan Mukt]]'' (1977)<br />
* ''[[Aap Ki Khatir (1977 film)|Aap Ki Khatir]]'' (1977)<br />
<br />
;Art Director<br />
{{div col|colwidth=25em|rules=yes}}<br />
* ''Anjangarh'' (1948)<br />
* ''[[Biraj Bahu]]'' (1954)<br />
* ''[[Madhumati]]'' (1958)<br />
*''[[Yahudi]]'' (1958)<br />
* ''[[Sujata (1959 film)|Sujata]]'' (1959)<br />
* ''[[Parakh (1960 film)|Parakh]]'' (1960)<br />
* ''[[Memdidi]]'' (1961)<br />
* ''[[Aas Ka Panchhi]]'' (1961)<br />
* ''[[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]]'' (1961)<br />
* ''[[Mujhe Jeene Do]]'' (1963)<br />
* ''[[Mere Mehboob]]'' (1963)<br />
* ''[[Bandini (film)|Bandini]]'' (1963)<br />
* ''[[Arzoo (1965 film)|Arzoo]]'' (1965)<br />
* ''[[Aankhen (1968 film)|Aankhen]]'' (1968)<br />
* ''[[Brahmachari (Hindi film)|Brahmachari]]'' (1968)<br />
* ''[[Aya Sawan Jhoom Ke]]'' (1969)<br />
* ''[[Sawan Bhadon]]'' (1970)<br />
* ''[[Safar (1970 film)|Safar]]'' (1970)<br />
* ''[[Pavitra Paapi]]'' (1970)<br />
* ''[[Heer Raanjha]]'' (1970)<br />
* ''[[Aan Milo Sajna]]'' (1970)<br />
* ''[[Dastak (1970 film)|Dastak]]'' (1970)<br />
* ''[[Saudagar (1973 film)|Saudagar]]'' (1973)<br />
* ''[[Sagina (film)|Sagina]]'' (1974)<br />
* ''[[Aap Ki Kasam]]'' (1974)<br />
* ''[[Bidaai (1974 film)|Bidaai]]'' (1974)<br />
* ''[[Laila Majnu (1976 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' (1976)<br />
* ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978)<br />
* ''[[Trishna (1978 film)|Trishna]]'' (1978)<br />
* ''[[Kali Ghata (1980 film)|Kali Ghata]]'' (1980)<br />
* ''[[Aasha (1980 film)|Aasha]]'' (1980)<br />
* ''[[Karz (film)|Karz]]'' (1980)<br />
* ''[[Kudrat]]'' (1981)<br />
* ''[[Rocky (1981 film)|Rocky]]'' (1981)<br />
* ''[[Ek Duuje Ke Liye]]'' (1981)<br />
* ''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]'' (1981)<br />
* ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' (1982)<br />
* ''[[Sawaal (1982 film)|Sawaal]]'' (1982)<br />
* ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]'' (1983)<br />
* ''[[Swarag Se Sunder]]'' (1986)<br />
* ''Dharm Adhikari'' (1986)<br />
* ''Swati'' (1986)<br />
* ''[[Naache Mayuri]]'' (1986)<br />
* ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'' (1986)<br />
* ''[[Samundar]]'' (1986)<br />
* ''Sansar'' (1987) <br />
* ''[[Hifazat (1987 film)|Hifazat]]'' (1987)<br />
* ''[[Himmat Aur Mehanat]]'' (1987)<br />
* ''[[Joshilaay]]'' (1989)<br />
* ''[[Kasam Suhaag Ki]]'' (1989)<br />
* ''Rakhwala'' (1989)<br />
* ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989)<br />
* ''[[Kanoon Apna Apna]]'' (1989)<br />
* ''[[Bhrashtachar]]'' (1989)<br />
* ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]'' (1990)<br />
* ''[[Benaam Badsha]]'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Akayla]]'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Lamhe]]'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Parampara (1993 film)|Parampara]]'' (1993)<br />
* ''[[Sahibaan]]'' (1993)<br />
* ''[[Aaina (1993 film)|Aaina]]'' (1993)<br />
* ''[[Darr]]'' (1993)<br />
* ''[[Anjaam]]'' (1994)<br />
* ''Pehla Pehla Pyar'' (1994)<br />
* ''[[Aag (1994 film)|Aag]]'' (1994)<br />
* ''[[English Babu Desi Mem]]'' (1996)<br />
* ''[[Vijeta (1996 film)|Vijeta]]'' (1996)<br />
* ''[[Majhdhaar]]'' (1996)<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
; Writer<br />
* ''[[Paraya Dhan]]'' (1971)<br />
*''[[Saudagar (1973 film)|Saudagar]]'' (1973)<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
* [[Filmfare Award]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]] <br />
** [[6th Filmfare Awards|1959]]: ''[[Madhumati]]'' <br />
**1964: ''[[Mere Mehboob]]'' <br />
** 1975: ''[[Sagina (film)|Sagina]]''<ref name=gu671/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |author=Gulzar |authorlink=Gulzar|author2=Govind Nihalani |author3=Saibal Chatterjee |publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2003|isbn=8179910660 |chapter=Biographies|page=671 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&dq=sudhendu+roy+art+director&pg=PT641|ref= Gu}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|0747194}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Sudhendu}}<br />
[[Category:1921 births]]<br />
[[Category:1999 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian art directors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian production designers]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali male artists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian designers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Pabna District]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infant_Jesus_Church,_Bengaluru&diff=504484Infant Jesus Church, Bengaluru2026-04-21T13:24:50Z<p>Samwaterman2016: made some article first draft</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox church<br />
| name = Infant Jesus Church, Bangalore<br />
| fullname = <br />
| other name = <br />
| image = InfantJesus Church Blr1.jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| imagelink = <br />
| imagealt = Infant Jesus Church, Bangalore<br />
| landscape = <br />
| caption = Infant Jesus Church, Bangalore<br />
| pushpin map = <br />
| pushpin label position = <br />
| pushpin map alt = <br />
| pushpin mapsize = <br />
| relief = <br />
| map caption = <br />
| latd = <br />
| latm = <br />
| lats = <br />
| latNS = <br />
| longd = <br />
| longm = <br />
| longs = <br />
| longEW = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|12.9537|77.6187|region:IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br />
| location = [[Vivek Nagar]] [[Bangalore Urban]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]<br />
| churchmanship = <br />
| membership = 28,000 (2013)<ref name=mint/><br />
| attendance = <br />
| website = {{URL| http://www.infantjesusshrine.com/}}<br />
| former name = <br />
| bull date = <br />
| founded date = {{start date and age|df=yes|1969|04|18}}<br />
| founder = <br />
| dedication = <br />
| dedicated date = <br />
| consecrated date = <br />
| cult = <br />
| relics = <br />
| events = Feast Day: 14 January<br />
| past bishop = <br />
| people = <br />
| status = [[Church (building)|Church]]<br />
| functional status = Active<br />
| architect = K. Thomas and Associates<br />
| architectural type = <br />
| style = <br />
| groundbreaking = <br />
| completed date = 9 June 2005<br />
| construction cost = <br />
| parish = <br />
| deanery = <br />
| archdeaconry = <br />
| episcopalarea = <br />
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore|Archdiocese of Bangalore]]<br />
| metropolis = <br />
| diocese = <br />
| province = <br />
| presbytery = <br />
| synod = <br />
| circuit = <br />
| district = <br />
| division = <br />
| subdivision = <br />
| archbishop = [[Peter Machado]]<br />
| bishop = <br />
| rector = Fr Michael Antony <small>(also [[Parish Priest]])</small> <ref>{{cite web| title = Archdiocesan Shrines |publisher=Archdiocese of Bangalore| url = http://www.bangalorearchdiocese.com/?q=Archdiocesan_Shrines| accessdate = 2013-12-07 }}</ref><br />
| priestincharge = <br />
| priest = <br />
| pastor = <br />
| logo = <br />
| logosize = <br />
| logolink = <br />
| logoalt = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Infant Jesus Church''' is a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] church in [[Bangalore]]. Established in 1971, in Neelasandra near [[Vivek Nagar]] area of Bangalore, the church is dedicated to [[Infant Jesus]]. It is known as the Infant Jesus Shrine and was built to commemorate the historic [[Infant Jesus of Prague]]; since then numerous miracles have been attributed to the shrine leading to its increasing popularity.<ref name=mint/> A new church building adjacent to the old building was added in 2005.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = left<br />
| image1 = InfantJesus Shrine Blr2.jpg<br />
| width1 = 160<br />
| alt1 = <br />
| caption1 = Adjacent Infant Jesus Shrine building<br />
| image2 = Church of the Infant Jesus.jpg<br />
| width2 = 180<br />
| alt2 = <br />
| caption2 = The Infant Jesus Shrine inside<br />
| footer = <br />
}}<br />
The foundation of the Infant Jesus Church was laid on 18 April 1969, by Rev. [[Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy]], the then [[Archdiocese of Bangalore|Archbishop of Bangalore]]. <br />
<br />
Thereafter, in May 1971, '''Rev. Fr. L. Peter''' after being appointed the first [[parish priest]], brought the statue of Infant Jesus from '''Sacred Heart Church''', Bangalore and started a tent church at the site. The congregation continued thus for the next eight years, and finally the church building was inaugurated on 29 June 1979, by Rev. Dr. D. S. Lourduswamy, who had then become [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples#Secretaries|Secretary]] of the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] in Rome.<ref name="toi13">{{cite web | title = Thousands flock to Infant Jesus feast | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-15/bangalore/36352416_1_infant-jesus-church-feast-shrine | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131213113426/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-15/bangalore/36352416_1_infant-jesus-church-feast-shrine | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 December 2013 |date=15 January 2013| newspaper = [[The Times of India]] |accessdate = 2013-12-07 }}</ref><br />
<br />
The present church building was inaugurated on 9 June 2005, by Rev. Dr. [[Bernard Moras]], Archbishop of Bangalore, and dedicated by Rev. Dr. [[:it:Pedro López Quintana|Pedro López Quintana]], [[Apostolic Nuncio to India]]. It has a fan shaped hall, which seats 2500 people, and was designed by K. Thomas and Associates, Bangalore. The central mural of the church replicates the [[nativity scene]] at the [[Church of the Nativity]] in Bethlehem.<ref name=hist>{{cite web| title = History| publisher = Infant Jesus Shrine, Bangalore| url = http://www.infantjesusshrine.com/history.htm| accessdate = 2013-12-07| archive-date = 23 November 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131123021904/http://www.infantjesusshrine.com/history.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
The popularity of the church grew sharply after the miracles of the shrine. The prayer to Infant Jesus is recited during hardships. They took the Tamil film, ''Kuzhanthai Yesu'' (1984), starring [[Saritha]], [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]], [[Vijayakanth]] and comedian [[Senthil]]. Over the years, the Thursday [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] at the church has grown in audience and today it is frequented by 10,000 people from various religions, and on the day, the church holds seven Masses in different languages.<ref name=mint>{{cite web| title = Bangalore Bhath: The Thursday mass |publisher= Livemint| url = http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/lLzV0znHsic0a36801rY6L/Bangalore-Bhath--The-Thursday-mass.html |date=7 December 2013| accessdate = 2013-12-07}}</ref><br />
<br />
Each year on 14 January, the annual [[feast day]] at the Church, being celebrated since 1971 sees thousands of people visit the church, while hundreds more gather around it, to watch the ceremonies.<ref name=toi13/><ref>{{cite web| title = Infant Jesus feast today in Bangalore|publisher=DNA| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-infant-jesus-feast-today-in-bangalore-1334582 <br />
|date=14 January 2010| accessdate = 2013-12-07}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Infant Jesus Church, Bengaluru}}<br />
* [http://www.infantjesusbangalore.com/ Infant Jesus Church, website]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic church buildings in India]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 2005]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joi_Srivastava&diff=506505Joi Srivastava2026-04-21T12:02:05Z<p>Samwaterman2016: made the pg v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Joi Srivastava<br />
| birth_name =<br />
| alias =<br />
| image =<br />
| caption =<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|01|01}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Allahabad]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2003|12|06|1930|9|17}}<br />
| instrument = [[Violin]]<br />
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]<br />
| occupation = [[Violin]]ist<br />
| years_active = 1948-2003<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Pt Joi Srivastava''' was a well-known North Indian [[violin]]ist of the [[Senia Gharana]].<br />
<br />
== Early life and training ==<br />
Joi Srivastava was born in [[Allahabad]] on 1 January 1930. He learned Hindustani classical violin from [[Gagan Chandra Chatterjee]],<ref name="Gagan Chandra Chatterji">{{cite book|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Music of India|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195650983|url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095840253?rskey=mH20Zr&result=0&q=gagan}}</ref> a violinist who is credited with introducing the gat-style of violin playing in North India. After his teacher died, Joi Srivastava learnt from the celebrated Ustad [[Alauddin Khan]] as well for a few years.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roychoudhury|first1=Bimalakanta|title=Bharatiya Sangeet Kosh|publisher=Vani Prakashan|location=Delhi|isbn=978-93-5000-463-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
He was a prodigy who became a master of the instrument even before he turned 20. He started teaching at the University of Allahabad and also at Kala Bharati Allahabad. Around 1957 he moved to Delhi and joined the [[All India Radio]] where he was a regular artiste till his retirement in 1987. After that he taught violin at the [[Gandharva Mahavidyalaya]], Delhi till 1994.<br />
<br />
===Music for documentaries===<br />
* ''Saarang - the Peacock'' <ref>{{cite web|title=Saarang - the Peacock|url=http://www.indianwildlifeclub.com/Videos/sarang.aspx|work=Indian Wildlife Club site|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref> (features Raag Megh and Raag Vrindavani Saarang played by him on the violin)<br />
* ''Lime Buildings Breathe'' (features Raag Dhani, Raag Sindhu Bhairavi and Raag Yamani Bilawal played by him on the violin)<br />
<br />
== Style ==<br />
Joi Srivastava pioneered a unique style of playing North Indian Classical music on the violin. He was the most accomplished student of Gagan Chandra Chatterjee and could play the full range of music hitherto possible on sitar and sarod only. He also went further and imbibed techniques of Carnatic Veena and Western classical as well into his playing.<br />
==Family==<br />
*Joi Srivastava was married to Sushil Srivastava<br />
Joi Srivastava has three children:-<br />
* Dr.Gunjan.S.Bhatnagar (Eldest daughter)<br />
* Seema Madhusudan(Second daughter)<br />
* Bharat Srivastava (Youngest son)<br />
Joi Srivastava has three grandchildren:-<br />
* Mansa Madhusudan (Daughter of Madhusudan and Seema Madhusudan)<br />
* Mandira Bhatnagar (Daughter of Gunjan Bhatnagar and Rajendra Kumar Bhatnagar)<br />
* Arpit Bhatnagar(Son of Gunjan Bhatnagar and Rajendra Kumar Bhatnagar)<br />
<br />
== Students ==<br />
Joi Srivastava was a teacher to many violinists of North India, and also of other countries:<br />
* Kumar Dinesh Deo <ref>{{cite news|title=Traditional tunes|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050815/asp/jamshedpur/story_5116080.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210303/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050815/asp/jamshedpur/story_5116080.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 4, 2016|accessdate=13 November 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=15 August 2005}}</ref> <br />
* Prakash Narayan of Allahabad <ref>{{cite book|last1=Narayan|first1=Prakash|title=Violin Vaadan|date=1963|publisher=Sangeet Kala Sadan}}</ref><br />
* Guruprasad Sharma of Allahabad<br />
* [http://www.pattiweiss.com Patti Weiss]<ref>{{cite web|title=Pattie Weiss|url=http://www.ancient-future.com/patti.html|work=Ancient Future site|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref><br />
* Anne Marie Ene<br />
* Lenneke van Staalen <ref>{{cite web|title=Lenneke van Staalen|url=http://indianmusiccircle.com/Lenneke_van_Staalen.html|work=Indian Music Circle site|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref> <br />
* [[Sharat Chandra Srivastava]] is his grandson and the leading performer in his style <ref>{{cite web|title=Sharat Chandra Srivastava|url=http://www.sharatraag.com|accessdate=13 November 2013}}</ref> <br />
* Satyanarayan Sharma of Jaipur<br />
* Harvinder Singh (sitar)<br />
* Janardhan Prasad Mishra, Sangeet Samiti, Allahabad.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article1064013.ece Article in The Hindu on his 80th birth anniversary]<br />
* {{YouTube|dSIAupxJi7g|Lime Buildings Breathe}}<br />
* {{YouTube|bXtcu9OOCew|Clip from Saarang - the Peacock}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Srivastava, Joi}}<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:1930 births]]<br />
[[Category:2003 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Hindustani musicians]]<br />
[[Category:Hindustani violinists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian violinists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century violinists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalhousie_Assembly_constituency&diff=495406Dalhousie Assembly constituency2026-04-19T19:25:33Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Made the details and citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Dalhousie<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 4<br />
| map_image = 4-Dalhousie constituency.svg<br />
| mla = Dhavinder Singh<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Chamba district|Chamba]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency|Kangra]]<br />
| established = 2008<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:75714}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Dalhousie Assembly constituency''' is one of the 68 assembly constituencies of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern Indian state. Dalhousie is also part of [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/dalhousie.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Dalhousie Assembly constituency]</ref><br />
<br />
==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
!Picture<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br />
| rowspan=2|[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]]<ref name=election2017/> <br />
|rowspan=2|<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]] <br />
| [[Dhavinder Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2022 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dalhousie}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dhavinder Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=33,488 |percentage=57.49% |change={{increase}}10.63 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=23,570|percentage=40.47%|change={{decrease}}7.50}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=382|percentage=0.66%|change={{decrease}}0.47}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ashok Bakaria|party=Rashtriya Devbhumi Party|votes=358|percentage=0.61%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rinku|party=Independent politician|votes=241|percentage=0.41%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Manish Sareen|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=207|percentage=0.36%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,918 |percentage=17.03% |change= {{increase}}15.93 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=58,246|percentage=76.93%|change={{increase}}1.18}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,714 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.57 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}9.53 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2017 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dalhousie<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,224 |percentage=47.97% |change={{decrease}}7.37 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Dhavinder Singh]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=23,668|percentage=46.87%|change={{increase}}7.49}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dhian Singh|party=Communist Party of India|votes=720|percentage=1.43%|change={{decrease}}1.41}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=569|percentage=1.13%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Virender Sharma|party=Rashtriya Azad Manch|votes=487|percentage=0.96%|change=''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=556 |percentage=1.10% |change= {{decrease}}14.86 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=50,500|percentage=75.75%|change={{decrease}}0.13}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,669 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.60 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.37 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2012 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dalhousie}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,541 |percentage=55.34% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Renu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,176 |percentage=39.38% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tilak Raj |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,310 |percentage=2.84% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shalender Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=828 |percentage=1.79% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paras Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=268 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,365 |percentage=15.96% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,154 |percentage=75.88% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,828 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Dalhousie (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Chamba district]]<br />
* [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|32.54|75.97|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chamba district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhawanipatna_Assembly_constituency&diff=491099Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:18:42Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Bhawanipatna}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Bhawanipatana<br />
| state = [[Odisha]]<br />
| constituency_no = 80<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| division = Southern Division<br />
| district = [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Kalahandi Lok Sabha constituency|Kalahandi]]<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| reservation = SC <br />
| incumbent_image = <br />
| mla = [[Sagar Charan Das]]<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| electors = 2,34,424{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bhawanipatana''' (Odia: ଭବାନୀପାଟଣା) is a [[Legislative Assembly of Odisha|Bidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Kalahandi district]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070621/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=80|url-status=usurped|archive-date=7 April 2014|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Bhawanipatna (80) District: Kalahandi|accessdate= 5 April 2014}}</ref> After 2008 Delimitation, [[Kesinga Assembly constituency]] was subsumed into this constituency.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Election Commission of India |url=http://archive.org/details/delimitation-2008 |title=2008 Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order of India |date=2008-11-26}}</ref> <br />
<br />
This constituency includes the district HQ town [[Bhawanipatna]], [[Kesinga]], 25 [[Gram panchayat]]s (Madiguda, Chahagaon, Karlapada, Chheliamal, Kalam, Karlaguda, Thuapadar, Dadpur, Deypur, Gudialipadar, Kamthana, Kuliamal, Gand-Barajhola, Medinipur, Seinpur, Palsijharan, Udepur, Matia, Borda, Kendupati, Gurujung, Borbhata, Dumuria, Artal and Palana) of Bhawanipatna block and 17GPs (Adhamunda, [[Balsi]], Boria, Chancher, Deogaon, Fatakmal, Gaigaon, Gokuleswar, Kandel, Kikia, Kundabandha, Laitara, Nasigaon, Pastikudi, Patharla, Sirol and Utkela) of Kesinga block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref><br />
<br />
==Elected members==<br />
<br />
{{bar box<br />
|float=right<br />
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp99.htm|title= 99 - Bhawanipatna (SC) Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 5 April 2014}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd<br />
|width=300px<br />
|barwidth=275px<br />
|bars=<br />
<!-- {{bar percent|2014|{{party color|}}|12.34}}--><br />
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|37.39}}<br />
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|38.00}}<br />
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|43.36}}<br />
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|36.47}}<br />
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|49.24}}<br />
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|55.91}}<br />
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|23.94}}<br />
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|49.33}}<br />
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Janata Party}}|45.51}}<br />
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|71.99}}<br />
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.67}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Since its formation in 1951, 18 elections were held till date including in one bypoll in 1957. It was a 2 member constituency for 1952 & 1957.<ref name="byElections1952-95">{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results%2052-95.xls |title=Details of Assembly By- Elections since 1952 (Year-Wise) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
List of members elected from Bhawanipatna constituency are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=List of Members of Odisha LEgislative Assembly (1951–2004) |access-date=2014-02-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-17 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Bhawanipatna Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/bhawanipatna.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 5 April 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bhawanipatna Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Bhawanipatna, Orissa |url=https://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/bhawanipatna.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref><br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Bhawanipatna Assembly Election Results 2024: Bhawanipatna Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/bhawanipatna-constituency-result-18080 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
|[[Sagar Charan Das]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019" /><br />
|[[Pradipta Kumar Naik]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" /><br />
|[[Anam Naik]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bhawanipatna Assembly Elections |url=https://www.oneindia.com/bhawanipatna-assembly-elections-od-80/ |website=www.oneindia.com}}</ref><br />
|Dusmanta Naik<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Pradipta Kumar Naik]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
|Ajit Das<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|[[Bhakta Charan Das]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Dayanidhi Naik<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]<br />
|Jagamohan Nayak<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Dayanidhi Naik<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]<br />
|Anchal Majhi<br />
|-<br />
|1957 (bypoll){{efn|Resignation of [[Pratap Keshari Deo]] on his election to Lok Sabha}}<br />
|Chandra Sekhar Pradhan<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad|rowspan=5}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}<br />
|Karunakar Bhoi<br />
|-<br />
|[[Pratap Keshari Deo]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}<br />
|Janardan Majhi<br />
|-<br />
|Jogesh Chandra Singh Deo<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
=== 2024 ===<br />
Voting were held on 13 May 2024 in 1st phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 4th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Sagar Charan Das]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Pradipta Kumar Naik]] by a margin of 13,741 votes.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin <br />
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhawanipatna}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Sagar Charan Das]]<br />
|votes = 67,085<br />
|percentage = 37.39<br />
|change = {{up}}15.39<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Pradipta Kumar Naik]]<br />
|votes = 53,344<br />
|percentage = 29.73<br />
|change = {{down}}8.27<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Biju Janata Dal<br />
|candidate = Latika Naik<br />
|votes = 50,897<br />
|percentage = 28.37<br />
|change = {{down}}6.63<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = None of the above<br />
|votes = 1,469<br />
|percentage = 0.82<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 13,741<br />
|percentage = 7.63<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,79,420 <br />
|percentage = 76.54<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress <br />
|loser = Bhartiya Janata Party <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2019 ===<br />
In 2019 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Pradipta Kumar Naik]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Dusmanta Naik by a margin of 4,684 votes.<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |accessdate=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
|title= [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhawanipatna<ref name="FP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-I) ( AC / PC ) |url=http://ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase%201/Form%207%20A%20to%20English%28Phase-I%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Pradipta Kumar Naik]] <br />
|votes = 63,063<br />
|percentage = 38.00 <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=Dusmanta Naik|votes=58,379|percentage=35.00|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Sagar Charan Das]]|votes=35494|percentage=22.00|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,743|percentage=1.06|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=4,684|percentage=3.00|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,64,611|percentage=71.81|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Biju Janata Dal <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2014===<br />
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Anam Naik]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Dusmanta Naik by a margin of 10,814 votes.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]], Bhawanipatna}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Biju Janata Dal<br />
|candidate = [[Anam Naik]]<br />
|votes = 54,825<br />
|percentage = 43.26<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Dusmanta Naik<br />
|votes = 44,011<br />
|percentage = 34.73<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Dayanidhi Naik<br />
|votes = 32,449<br />
|percentage = 25.60<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = None of the above<br />
|votes = 1,083<br />
|percentage = 0.73<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 10,814<br />
|percentage = 8.53<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 149261 <br />
|percentage = 72.46<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|<br />
|winner = Biju Janata Dal<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2009 ===<br />
In 2009 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Dusmanta Naik defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Pradipta Kumar Naik]] by a margin of 2,195 votes.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
{{Election box begin |title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]], Bhawanipatna<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Dusmanta Naik<br />
|votes = 46,215<br />
|percentage = 36.47<br />
|change = {{down}}4.92<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Pradipta Kumar Naik<br />
|votes = 44,020<br />
|percentage = 34.73<br />
|change = {{down}}14.51<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Biju Janata Dal<br />
|candidate = Jayanta Kumar Naik<br />
|votes = 25,733<br />
|percentage = 20.30<br />
|change = new<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 2,195<br />
|percentage = 1.73{{efn|%of total valid votes}}<br />
|change = ''-''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,26,809<br />
|percentage = 64.33<br />
|change = ''-''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = 0.97{{efn|2004 Voter turnout was 63.36%}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Kalahandi district}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}<br />
{{coord|19.91|83.16|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Kalahandi district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soma_Dey&diff=536549Soma Dey2026-04-06T17:08:44Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created a info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Soma Dey<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1947|10|18}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]<br />
| years_active = 1974―Present<br />
| spouse = Bibek Chatterjee<br />
| children = {{ubl|Syamantak Chatterjee|Jagyaseni Chatterjee<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/dec/07/dancing-away-with-the-natya-ratna-award-1908591.html|title=Dancing away with the Natya Ratna award|last=|first=|date=|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref>}}<br />
| parents = Upen Chandra Dey (father)<br/> Parul Dey (mother)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Soma Dey''' ({{langx|bn| সোমা দে }}; born 1947) is an Indian actress who is known for her work in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/soma-dey-134923|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526171119/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/soma-dey-134923|url-status=live|archive-date=26 May 2019|title=Soma Dey movies, filmography, biography and songs - Cinestaan.com|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/102924a.html|title=Soma Dey|website=www.calcuttayellowpages.com|access-date=2018-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://determus.com/soma-dey-actress/|title=Soma Dey|website=determus.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-04}}</ref> She is best known for her role as Chintamani in Govinda Ray's ''Bilwamangal'' (1976).<br />
<br />
Soma Dey made her big screen debut with ''Haraye Khunji'' (1974) and subsequently appeared in films such as ''Janmabhumi'' (1974), ''Bilwamangal'' (1976), ''Bondi Bidhata'' (1976), ''Shankhabish'' (1976), ''[[Sudur Niharika]]'' (1976) and ''Barbadhu'' (1978).<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Soma Dey made her big screen debut with Swadesh Sarkar's ''Haraye Khunji'' (1976). In the same year she starred in Piyush Kanti Ganguly's ''Janmabhumi'' (1974). She was ''Bilwamangal'' (1976) and ''Byapika Biday'' (1980) gave her prominence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/about-soma-dey/13997|title=Soma Dey|website=Gomolo.com|accessdate=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jagyaseni.com/|title=JAGYASENI|website=Jagyaseni.com|accessdate=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmiclub.com/person/soma-dey-d7nbd0r|title=Soma Dey - Biography, Movies, Photos, Videos|last=FilmiClub|website=FilmiClub|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-04}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Film<br />
!Director<br />
!Role played<br />
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" |1974<br />
!scope="row"|''Haraye Khunji''<br />
|Swadesh Sarkar<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/haraye-khunji-34459|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529070844/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/haraye-khunji-34459|url-status=live|archive-date=29 May 2019|title=Haraye Khunji (1974) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope="row"|''Janmabhumi''<br />
|Piyush Kanti Ganguly<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/janmabhoomi-34570|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529072927/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/janmabhoomi-34570|url-status=live|archive-date=29 May 2019|title=Janmabhoomi (1973) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1975<br />
!scope="row"|''Selam Memsaheb''<br />
|Mrinal Guhathakurta<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/selam-memsaheb-movie/14214|title=Selam Memsaheb (1975)|website=gomolo.com|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|1976<br />
!scope="row"|''Bilwamangal''<br />
|Gobinda Ray<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/bilwamangal-33882|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206013955/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/bilwamangal-33882|url-status=live|archive-date=6 December 2020|title=Bilwamangal (1976) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope="row"|''Bondi Bidhata''<br />
|Prabhat Mukhopadhyay<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/bandi-bidhata-33746|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720094653/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/bandi-bidhata-33746|url-status=live|archive-date=20 July 2020|title=Bandi Bidhata (1975) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope="row"|''Shankhabish''<br />
|Rathish Dey Sarkar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row"|''[[Sudur Niharika]]''<br />
|Sushil Mukhopadhyay<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/sudur-niharika-35985|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503192929/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/sudur-niharika-35985|url-status=live|archive-date=3 May 2020|title=Sudur Niharika (1976) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|1978<br />
!scope="row"|''Barbadhu''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row"|''Tusi''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1979<br />
! scope="row"|''Lattu''<br />
|Ajit Ganguly<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/lattu-34870|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228010940/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/lattu-34870|url-status=live|archive-date=28 February 2019|title=Lattu (1978) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1980<br />
! scope="row"|''Byapika Biday''<br />
|Archan Chakraborty<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/byapika-biday-33963|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128201839/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/byapika-biday-33963|url-status=live|archive-date=28 November 2020|title=Byapika Biday (1980) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1981<br />
! scope="row"|''Shahar Theke Dure''<br />
|Tarun Majumdar<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/shahar-theke-dooray-35803|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924100645/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/shahar-theke-dooray-35803|url-status=live|archive-date=24 September 2021|title=Shahar Theke Dooray (1981) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1982<br />
! scope="row"|''Mayer Ashirbad''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1983<br />
! scope="row"|''Jini Ram Tini Krishna — Eki Dehe Ramkrishna''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|1984<br />
!scope="row"|''Rajeswari''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''Sagar Balaka''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1985<br />
! scope="row"|''Aloy Phera''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|1989<br />
!''Aamar Shapath''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Natun Surya''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
!''Kalanka''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1996<br />
!''[[Bhai Amar Bhai]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|1999<br />
!''Gunda''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Priyojon''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6"|2000<br />
!''[[Ashray]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Bastir Meye Radha''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''[[Debanjali]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''[[Madhur Milan]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Rupasi Dohai Tomar''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Shapath Nilam''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2001<br />
!''Aami Jibonpurer Pathik''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Ostad''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
!''Nishana''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2003<br />
!''Jua''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Rasta''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="7"|2004<br />
!''Abhishek''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Akritagya''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Atotayee''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''[[Bandhan (2004 film)|Bandhan]]''<br />
|Ravi Kinagi<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bandhan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/bandhan/movieshow/61265289.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!''Mon Jake Chay''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''Ram Lakshman''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''[[Swapne Dekha Rajkanya]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2005<br />
!''Dwiragaman''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''[[Manik (2005 film)|Manik]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!''[[Shunya E Buke]]''<br />
|[[Kaushik Ganguly]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/kaushiks-salute-to-sir/cid/287284|title=Kaushik's salute to Sir|last=|first=|date=|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2006<br />
! scope="row"|''[[Eri Naam Prem]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|- <br />
! scope="row"|''Tobu..Aste Habe Phire''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
! scope="row"|''[[Ballygunge Court (film)|Ballyganj Court]]''<br />
|Pinaki Chaudhury<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ballygunge Court|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/ballygunge-court/movieshow/66378945.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2009<br />
! scope="row"|''1 No. Plum Villa''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Amma}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''Brake Fail''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Pratima}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2010<br />
! scope="row"|''Banshiwala''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Pishi}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''Prem By Chance''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Grandmother of Purna}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/prem-by-chance-35464|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729054916/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/prem-by-chance-35464|url-status=live|archive-date=29 July 2019|title=Prem by Chance (2010) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-07-29}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2011<br />
! scope="row"|''Mone Mone Bhalobasa''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Ganga's Mother}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row"|''Punorutthan''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Mahendra Mallick's Wife}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''Ekdin Thik''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Soumen's Wife}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
!scope="row"|''Palatak''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Srinath's Wife}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
! scope="row"|''[[Encounter (2013 film)|Encounter]]''<br />
|<br />
|{{Small|Bijoy's Mother}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==TV shows==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! Production company<br />
! Channel<br />
|-<br />
| 2000– 2005<br />
| ''[[Ek Akasher Niche]]''<br />
| Amma<br />
| Ravi Ojha Productions<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Bangla]]<br />
|-<br />
|2009–2014<br />
|[[Agnipariksha (2009 TV series)|''Agnipariksha'']]<br />
|Nirupoma<br />
|[[Acropoliis Entertainment]]<br />
|-<br />
|2010–2013<br />
|[[Behula (TV series)|''Behula'']]<br />
|Behula's grandmother<br />
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films|Svf Production]]<br />
|[[Star Jalsha]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2020–2022<br />
| ''[[Jamuna Dhaki]]''<br />
| Bindubashini Debi<br />
| rowspan="6" | [[Blues Productions]]<br />
|[[Zee Bangla]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2021–2022<br />
| ''[[Khukumoni Home Delivery]]''<br />
| Basudha Chowdhury<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Star Jalsha]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
|''Madhabilata''<br />
|Sabuj's grandmother<br />
|-<br />
| 2022–2025<br />
| [[Jagaddhatri (Bengali TV series)|''Jagaddhatri'']]<br />
| Mahasweta Sanyal<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Bangla]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2023<br />
| ''[[Mukut]]''<br />
|Suhashini Roy Chowdhury<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Nayika No.1]]''<br />
|Labonyyo Prova Sen<br />
|[[Colors Bangla]]<br />
|-<br />
|2023–2024<br />
|''Tumi Ashe Pashe Thakle''<br />
|Thammi<br />
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films|Svf Production]]<br />
|[[Star Jalsha]]<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|''Diamond Didi Zindabad''<br />
|Rani Pisi<br />
|Tanirika Talkies<br />
|[[Zee Bangla]]<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''Sholok Saree''<br />
|<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Blues Productions]]<br />
|[[Sun Bangla]]<br />
|-<br />
|2025–2026<br />
|''Besh Korechi Prem Korechi''<br />
|<br />
|[[Zee Bangla]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dey, Soma}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1947 births]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crrush&diff=495000Crrush2026-04-04T04:04:20Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Made first entry v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = <br />
| image = Crrush poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Release poster<br />
| director = [[Ravi Babu]]<br />
| writer = Ravi Babu<br />
| producer = Ravi Babu<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Krishna Burugula]]<br />
* Abhay Simha<br />
* Charan Sai<br />
* Ankita Manoj<br />
* Parree Pande<br />
* Sri Sudha Reddy<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = N. Sudhakar Reddy<br />
| editing = [[Marthand K Venkatesh]]<br />
| music = Vaidhhy<br />
| studio = [[Flying Frogs]]<br />
| distributor = [[ZEE5]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|7|9}}<br />
| runtime = 129 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Crrush''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[sex comedy|adult comedy]] film written, directed and produced by [[Ravi Babu]] under the [[Flying Frogs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=అదుగో, ఆవిరి తర్వాత 'క్రష్' మూవీతో వస్తోన్న రవిబాబు.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/actor-cum-director-ravi-babu-crush-first-look-released-ta-533312.html |website=telugu.news18.com |date=8 June 2020 |language=te |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712114947/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/actor-cum-director-ravi-babu-crush-first-look-released-ta-533312.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The cast includes, <br />
[[Krishna Burugula]], Abhay Simha, Charan Sai, Ankita Manoj, Parree Pande and Sri Sudha Reddy.<ref name="Cast" >{{cite web |title=Ravi Babu: వామ్మో రవిబాబు ఏంటి ఇంత పెద్ద బూతు సినిమా తీసాడు..? |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/ravi-babu-crrush-movie-peep-released-and-its-complete-adult-comedy-pk-601226.html |website=telugu.news18.com |date=10 September 2020 |language=te}}</ref> The film premiered on 9 July 2021 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{cite web |title=4 new Telugu movies & shows releasing in July 2021 on Aha Video, ZEE5 & Amazon Prime Video that you must watch |url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/4-new-telugu-movies-shows-july-2021-aha-video-zee5-amazonprimevideo/ |website=GQ India |language=en-IN |date=13 July 2021 |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026010202/https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/4-new-telugu-movies-shows-july-2021-aha-video-zee5-amazonprimevideo/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Krishna Burugula]]<ref name="Cast" /> as Vamsi<br />
* Abhay Simha<ref name="Cast" /> as Ravi<br />
* Charan Sai<ref name="Cast" /> as Teju<br />
* Ankita Manoj<ref name="Cast" /> as Rupa <br />
* Parree Pande<ref name="Cast" /> as Nisha<br />
* Sri Sudha Reddy<ref name="Cast" /> as Neelima<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The [[principal photography]] of the film commenced in January 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=రవిబాబు కొత్త సినిమా 'క్రష్'.. కుర్రాళ్లకు పండగే |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/here-is-the-title-poster-of-director-ravi-babus-next-a-youthful-entertainer-crrush/articleshow/73057847.cms |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref> The filming was halted in March 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=రవిబాబు 'క్రష్'కి కరోనా ఎఫెక్ట్.. మాస్క్లతో ముద్దులు |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/coronavirus-effect-on-ravi-babu-movie-crrush-here-are-the-interesting-new-posters/articleshow/74495713.cms |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amid Coronavirus Outbreak, Ravi Babu's teen-comedy 'Crrush' urges viewers' to stay safe |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/amid-coronavirus-outbreak-ravi-babus-erotic-comedy-crrush-urges-viewers-to-stay-safe/articleshow/74509419.cms |website=The Times of India |date=6 March 2020 |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313152951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/amid-coronavirus-outbreak-ravi-babus-erotic-comedy-crrush-urges-viewers-to-stay-safe/articleshow/74509419.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The filming was resumed in June 2020, Ramanaidu Studios, [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi Babu's Crrush is the first Telugu film to resume shoot post lockdown |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ravi-babus-crrush-is-the-first-telugu-film-to-resume-shoot-post-lockdown/articleshow/76385945.cms |website=The Times of India |date=15 June 2020 |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521123951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ravi-babus-crrush-is-the-first-telugu-film-to-resume-shoot-post-lockdown/articleshow/76385945.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Crrush<br />
| year = <br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = Vaidhhy<br />
| released = 1 January 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=Crrush (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Vaidhhy on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/crrush-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1621511185 |date=1 January 2021}}</ref><br />
| recorded = <br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Soundtrack#Film and television soundtracks|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 18:12<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| label = [[Saregama]]<br />
| producer =<br />
| misc = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| total_length = 18:12<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Ammayilu Ammayilu<br />
| extra1 = Hymath, Sai Madhav, Ritesh, Sahithi Chaganti<br />
| length1 = 02:49<br />
| title2 = Evare Nuvvu<br />
| extra2 = Hymath<br />
| length2 = 03:37<br />
| title3 = Kalipothundey<br />
| extra3 = Dhanunjayaditi Bhavaraju<br />
| length3 = 03:40<br />
| title4 = Oolalaa<br />
| extra4 = Anurag Kulkarni<br />
| length4 = 03:34<br />
| title5 = Premanta Premanta<br />
| extra5 = Dinker Kalvala<br />
| length5 = 04:32<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
In July 2021, it was announced that the film was heading for a [[Streaming media|streaming]] release on an [[Over-the-top media service|OTT platform]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi Babu's next heads for direct OTT release? |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/ravi-babus-next-heads-for-direct-ott-release-693565 |website=www.thehansindia.com |date=July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi Babu: అడల్డ్ కంటెంట్ తో ప్రేక్షకుల ముందుకు రానున్న రవిబాబు.. డైరెక్ట్ ఓటీటీలో రిలీజ్ కానున్న క్రష్ |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/ravi-babu-crrush-movie-release-on-ott-493025.html |website=TV9 Telugu |date=July 2021 |language=te |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816124420/https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/ravi-babu-crrush-movie-release-on-ott-493025.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 9 July 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi Babu's Crrush will release on ZEE5 on THIS day |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ravi-babus-crrush-will-release-on-zee5-on-this-day/763 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730175452/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ravi-babus-crrush-will-release-on-zee5-on-this-day/763 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Siby Jeyya of ''India Herald'' reviewed the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crrush Review - A No-Brainer Erotic Drama |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994379540/Crrush-Review-A-NoBrainer-Erotic-Drama |website=indiaherald.com |language=en |access-date=25 January 2025 |archive-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712053450/https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994379540/Crrush-Review-A-NoBrainer-Erotic-Drama |url-status=live }}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[HT Media|OTTplay]]'' rated the film 0.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crrush Review - This cringeworthy B-grade sex comedy is a long ride to hell |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/crrush-review-this-cringeworthy-bgrade-sex-comedy-is-a-long-ride-to-hell/204 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt13979126}}<br />
* [https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/crrush/0-0-1z51150 ''Crrush''] on [[ZEE5]]<br />
<br />
{{Ravi Babu}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Film|India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s sex comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sex comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Ravi Babu]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:2021 direct-to-video films]]<br />
[[Category:ZEE5 original films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 erotic films]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nays%C3%A1n_Sahba&diff=521395Naysán Sahba2026-04-02T17:54:15Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|UNICEF Director of Global Communication and Advocacy}}<br />
{{Orphan|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Naysán Sahba<br />
| image = File:NSahba.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Naysán Sahba<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| title = Director of Global Communication and Advocacy at [[UNICEF]]<br />
| education = <br />
[[University of Guelph]]<br/>[[University of British Columbia]]<br />
| occupation = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| spouse = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Naysán Sahba''' is the Director of Global Communication and Advocacy at [[UNICEF]], serving the role as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/experts/naysan-sahba|title=Naysan Sahba}} UNICEF.</ref> Sahba has built a well-established career in the public sector, acting previously as the Manager of Global Engagement and Partnerships at the [[World Bank Group]] between 2020 and 2023, and as the Global Communication Director of the [[United Nations Environment Programme]], between 2014 and 2020.<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Sahba is a Canadian national and was born in Iran in 1972, spending his early life across Iran, England, India, Canada, and Israel. Sahba received a bachelor's degree in English Literature in 1995 at the University of British Columbia and a [[Master of Arts]] in International Development and English Studies in 1997 from the University of Guelph.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
Sahba began his career in communication for development through the company, Bisharat Media Development Associates, that he founded with Alex Frame (then vice-president of the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]). Within that capacity, he worked with indigenous community radio stations across Latin America and produced multimedia content about sustainable approaches to development. Sahba then went on to work as a consultant for WHO and UNICEF, as part of an inter-agency effort at polio eradication, before taking up full-time employment with the latter organisation in 2003. In his first job at UNICEF, Sahba was stationed in Lucknow, India, where he led campaign communications for the Global [[Polio eradication|Polio Eradication]] Initiative and immunisation interventions in Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/experts/naysan-sahba|title=Naysan Sahba}} UNICEF.</ref><br />
<br />
In 2005, Sahba transferred to the Programme Communication section of UNICEF's India headquarters in New Delhi, where he led the organization's entertainment-education initiatives. Sahba is credited as the Creator and Executive Producer of Kyunki Jeena Issi Ka Naam Hai, a top-five prime time TV drama series that ran for over 500 episodes and was watched by over 145 million viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cmsindia.org/eerepo/repo-detail.php?rid=24|title=Kyunki Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai}}</ref> He has also co-authored research articles on the program exploring the impact of entertainment-education on social norms.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1250843 |title=Encoded exposure and social norms in entertainment-education.|date=2017 |doi=10.1080/10810730.2016.1250843 |last1=Riley |first1=Amy Henderson |last2=Sood |first2=Suruchi |last3=Mazumdar |first3=Paramita Dasgupta |last4=Choudary |first4=Narendra Nath |last5=Malhotra |first5=Alka |last6=Sahba |first6=Naysan |journal=Journal of Health Communication |volume=22 |pages=66–74 |url-access=subscription }} Journal of Health Communication, 22(1), 66–74. <br />
</ref> In 2009, Sahba moved to UNICEF Mozambique, where he became the Head of the Communication, Advocacy, Partnerships and Participation (CAPP) Section, managing public and media relations, children and youth participation, and communication for development activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/experts/naysan-sahba|title=Naysan Sahba}} UNICEF.</ref> Subsequently, in 2014, Sahba took on his UNEP role in Nairobi, Kenya, as the Director of the Global Division of Communication, where he led communication, digital, and brand strategy for the organization. Major UN initiatives that his teams delivered include [[World Environment Day]], [[Champions of the Earth]], the Wild for Life Campaign, and the Big Picture campaign (between IMAX and UNEP's Goodwill Ambassadors program). <br />
<br />
Since 2020, Sahba has been stationed in the United States, serving as the Manager of Global Engagement and Partnerships at the World Bank until 2023, before pursuing his current role as the Director of Global Communication and Advocacy at UNICEF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/experts/naysan-sahba|title=Naysan Sahba}} UNICEF.</ref> At the World Bank, Sahba was responsible for global strategies and teams engaging with civil society, private sector, and parliamentary stakeholders. He oversaw the Connect for Climate trust fund, and public-facing advocacy initiatives including at the Bank's Spring and Annual Meetings. At UNICEF, Sahba now provides strategic oversight and guidance to support the global positioning of UNICEF as a key partner to deliver results for children worldwide. Sahba establishes communication and advocacy priorities, oversees media, digital, and content strategy, and advises on internal and external engagement, including with staff, partners, and youth.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
<br />
Sahba is the son of architect Fariborz Sahba and Golnar Sahba (née Rafi’i), and brother to OfficeSpace Software CEO, Shamim Sahba, and to painter, Shirin Sahba. He is married to fashion and interior designer, Jalan Sahba. Sahba is a member of the Baháʼí Faith.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahba, Naysán}}<br />
[[Category:Canadian officials of the United Nations]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Iranian emigrants to Canada]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Upasani_Maharaj&diff=459027Upasani Maharaj2026-03-28T08:20:32Z<p>Samwaterman2016: updated details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian guru (1870–1941)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}} <br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox philosopher<br />
| region = India<br />
| era = 20th century<br />
| image = Upasni0019.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = <br />
| signature = <br />
| name = Upasani<br />
| birth_date = 15 May 1870<br />
| birth_place = [[Satana, India|Satana]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1941|12|24|1870|5|15}}<br />
| death_place = [[Ahmednagar district]], [[British India]]<br />
| school_tradition = [[Hinduism]], [[Advaita Vedanta]]<br />
| main_interests = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Upasani Maharaj''', born Kashinath Govindrao Upasni,<ref>Purdom, C. B., ''The God-Man: The life, journeys and work of Meher Baba with an interpretation of his silence and spiritual teaching'', Crescent Beach, South Carolina: Sheriar Press, 1971, p. 23 (originally published in London by Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1964). The first biography of Upasni was Narasimha's ''Sage of Sakori'' (Madras, 1935; 2nd ed. 1938).</ref> (15 May 1870 &ndash; 24 December 1941<ref>Satpathy, Chandra Bhanu ''Shirdi Sai Baba and other perfect masters'', Sterling Paperbacks, New Delhi, 2001</ref>) was an Indian spiritual teacher, considered by his disciples to be a [[satguru]]. He lived in [[Sakori]], [[British India]], and is said to have received [[Jivanmukta|God-realization]] from [[Sai Baba of Shirdi]]. Upasani himself was one of the principal masters of [[Meher Baba]].<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<br />
Kashinath Govind Upasani Shastri, later known as Upasani Baba Maharaj, was born a [[Hindu]] into an orthodox [[Brahmin]] family in the village of [[Satana (India)|Satana]], India, in the [[Nasik]] district on 15 May 1870. He was the second child of Govind Shastri and Rukmina. His father was a copyist attached to the legal profession at the civil court of [[Dhulia]]; he had moved from Satana, leaving his son under the care of his grandfather and uncle.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged), Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948). p. 3.</ref> Kashinath formed a strong bond with his grandfather, Gopala Shastri, a learned Sanskrit scholar with the disposition of an ascetic.<ref>Kalchuri, Bhau, ''Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, The Biography of the Avatar of the Age, Meher Baba'', (Manifestation Inc, 1986), p. 87.</ref> Gopala had served as a court advisor on religious and literary matters to [[Khanderao II Gaekwad]], Maharaja of Baroda (rgd. 1856–1870) and to several smaller states. When the Maharaja died in 1870, Gopala lost his position and income, and the family became poor.<ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972), p. 34.</ref><br />
<br />
Kashinath commenced traditional Brahmin education from the age of five and at the age of eight had his [[Upanayana]] (thread-ceremony) at the hands of Deva Mamaledara, a famous saint in the area.<ref>Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), p. 1.</ref> He was sent to a vernacular elementary school but did not excel in the non-traditional curriculum taught. He left after three years, following being brutally caned by his teacher.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged, Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948), p. 5.</ref> Kashinath was more attracted to stories of the power of ''[[mantra]]'' (sacred invocation) and ''[[Tapas (Indian religions)|tapas]]'' (austerities) recorded in the [[Mahabharata]], [[Ramayana]] and [[Puranas]] than to academic subjects.<ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972), p. 36.</ref><br />
<br />
Kashinath was clearly influenced by his grandfather's asceticism (following the [[Āśrama (stage)|Ashrama]] tradition, Gopala later adopted [[sannyasa]]) and practiced [[sadhana]] (spiritual disciplines) with fervour, both at home and at a nearby cremation ground. Kashinath's introversion became acute. His parents were critical of his extremism, and they nurtured the idea that he was a financial burden to them. Kashinath felt that the only way to resolve the situation was to leave home and adopt a mendicant life, but senior members of the family decided that he should be married. Despite his protests, they arranged his marriage with a girl of eight named Durga. This unwanted match is said to have occurred when Kashinath was fourteen.<ref>Kalchuri, Bhau, ''Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, The Biography of the Avatar of the Age, Meher Baba'' (Manifestation Inc, 1986), p. 88.</ref> Within two years of their marriage, his wife died from an illness. He daily requested his parents to give their permission for him to leave, but they were adamant that he should remain a householder, and arranged a second marriage for him. He was sixteen and his bride nine years of age. He began to spend increasing periods of time absent from his home. When at home, he studied books on [[Ayurvedic medicine]].<ref name="godam">Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), p. 2</ref> He finally left his wife and relatives on the pretext of the need to earn a livelihood. He went to Pune, but because of his lack of formal education could not find a job. To survive, he had to do menial work or beg. For a period he lived among starving or half starved beggars in the temple of [[Omkareshwar]] on the outskirts of Pune.<ref name="godam"></ref><ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972), p. 37.</ref><br />
<br />
When he was nineteen, Kashinath returned to his home town of Satana, with the desire of seeing his grandfather again. His journey took him through a thick wood, in the midst of which was a large hill ([[Bhorgiri fort]], near Nasik). High up a precipitous cliff he discerned a small cave, and the desperate thought arose that this would be the ideal place for [[prayopavesha]] (fasting to death with full consciousness to attain union with [[Brahman]]). He secluded himself in the cave and, after two days of fasting, devoted his time to repeating the sacred syllables of mantras. Over several weeks he entered into altered states of consciousness, finally resulting in a profound [[samadhi]]. The life-enhancing spiritual experience gave him hope,<ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972), pp. 36-38.</ref> and he came out of the cave, but was so weak that he had to slide and crawl down the hill. At the foot of the hill was a small village of [[Garhwali people]], the home of an aboriginal tribe (''bhil''). For a month he lived on wild grain given to him by his hosts. He felled fuel and sold it at Nasik with them, giving them all the proceeds. He then resumed his journey to Satana and reached it on 22 July 1890.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged, Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948), p. 25, see also Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), pp. 3-5.</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
[[File:Kashinath.jpg|left|thumb|230px|Kashinath Govind Shastri in Amaravati, India when he was an Ayurvedic physician circa 1900]]<br />
Kashinath returned home as a ''tapavin'', one who has endured extreme yogic austerities. He began to follow his usual routine, and resumed his study of Ayurveda, but now to assist his grandfather who was suffering from paralysis. A month after his return, his father was infected by cholera, and died within a day. A year later his grandfather died, leaving the family poor and in debt. For a year, the family was supported by [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]. During this time (1891), Kashinath's second wife also died, due to post-parturition complications.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged, Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948), pp. 26-27.</ref><br />
<br />
Six months later Kashinath married for a third time, but this time to a compatible partner. The deaths in the family and the mounting debts had shocked him into the realization that he must act, and he left for [[Sangli]] to study Ayurvedic medicine and Sanskrit grammar. His studies were completed after three years, and he started a dispensary at [[Amaravati]] near [[Nagpur]] where he practised. During these years he edited a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] monthly Ayurvedic journal, ''Besaj Ratnamala''. He was able to advertise the patent medicines that he manufactured, and the business became successful.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., ''Life of Sai Baba'' (4 vols, Mylapore, Chennai: All India Sai Samaj, 1955-6; first edn composite volume, 2002). For the chapter on Upasni Baba, see p. 1, http://www.saiamrithadhara.com/mahabhakthas/upasani_baba.html, see also Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), pp. 5-7.</ref> He became a well-known physician in Ayurvedic circles, and settled both in his profession and marriage. A photo of Kashinath during the period shows him as a professional man with a painted mark of Lord [[Vishnu]] on his forehead, typical of a high Brahmin. When he was twenty-nine, a son was born, but within a few months the baby died.<ref>Kalchuri, Bhau, ''Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, The Biography of the Avatar of the Age, Meher Baba'' (Manifestation Inc, 1986), pp. 90-93.</ref><br />
<br />
Success had provided prosperity, but Kashinath was still looking to pay off debts and restore the lost family wealth and status. He moved to [[Gwalior]] where there arose an opportunity to acquire uncultivated land if one agreed to farm it. During 1906, he invested thousands of rupees and acquired hundreds of acres. He became an estate landlord, but afterwards found that he had made a costly mistake. The estate had been up for purchase because the previous holder could not pay the fixed rental installments as the tenants would not pay, and the forest and other lands would not yield. Within two years Kashinath became entangled in numerous lawsuits resulting in the loss of his lands, his money and his reputation; his health also suffered. Bankrupted, he returned to Amaravati in 1908 to re-establish his medical practice, but he was disillusioned and had lost interest. Eventually, he gave up his practice and closed the dispensary. In April 1910, he and his wife set out on a pilgrimage to visit holy shrines.<ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972) p. 39, see also, Narasimhaswami, B. V., ''Life of Sai Baba'' (4 vols, Mylapore, Chennai: All India Sai Samaj, 1955-6; first edn composite volume, 2002). For the chapter on Upasni Baba, see pp.1-2, http://www.saiamrithadhara.com/mahabhakthas/upasani_baba.html</ref><br />
<br />
==Crisis==<br />
<br />
On their travels the couple went to the [[Somnath Temple]] in [[Prabhas Patan]], to [[Ujjain]], and to the [[Omkareshwar Temple]] located in the forest on [[Mandhata]]. This building housed a black stone [[lingam]] six feet high, the primary object of worship. Here Kashinath undertook intensive meditation that may have included yogic breathing regulation techniques. One day, his wife found him lying unconscious. She desperately threw water into his face and he regained consciousness, but not normal breathing. The autonomic function of his lungs had been disrupted and he could only breathe by consciously applying an artificial movement to his stomach. He was constantly gasping for breath. His wife took him to Nagpur, where they sought professional treatment, but the prescribed medicine did not work, and no effective help was available.<ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972), p. 39; Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), p. 7.</ref><br />
<br />
He moved to Dhulia to stay with his brother, but the breathing problem became so painful and laborious that, in sheer desperation, he set out alone in search of a yogi who might cure him. In April 1911 he made his way to [[Rahuri]], near [[Ahmednagar]], to visit a yogi known as Kulkarni Maharaj. This man was only able to massage him and administer a relaxing hot water bath, which did not effect a cure. Kulkarni Maharaj attributed the ailment to intensive yogic practices and advised a visit to [[Sai Baba of Shirdi]], whom he described by the [[Muslim]] term of aulia'' ([[wali]]). ''Kashinath reacted negatively to this advice. He had been tutored by his grandfather, a respected Brahmin pundit, had followed Hindu codes of asceticism, and had enjoyed professional and financial success as an Ayurvedic physician in a high caste society: the idea of visiting a Muslim saint for guidance was alien to his worldview.<ref>"On June 27, 1911, at the age of forty-one, Kashinanth Govinda Upasni Maharaj arrived at Shirdi. He was to become Sai Baba’s most highly developed ''shishya''. A leaned ''brahman grihasta'' [householder], trained in traditional Indian medicine (''ayurveda''), he had been inclined from youth towards asceticism and spiritual life. He had just married for the third time, his two previous wives having both died. He was led to Shirdi by the assistance of a yogin of Ruhuri, to whom he had gone in quest of a cure for respiratory disease. Upasni planned only a short stay, not being too interested in a holy man whom from the name, he had identified as a Muslim." See Rigopoulos, Antonio, ''The Life and Teachings of Sai Baba of Shirdi'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993), p. 178.</ref><br />
<br />
Rather than visit [[Shirdi]], Kashinath travelled to [[Bombay]] in order to see [[Narayan Maharaj]]. This Brahmin holy man had an ashram at [[Kedgaon, Pune District]], near Pune, where he had built a temple consecrated to [[Dattatreya]], in which he would daily perform [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]]. When Kashinath met Narayan Maharaj in June 1911, the saint made some allusive remarks and said there was no further need for any contact between them. Kashinath departed in frustration, and returned to Kulkarni Maharaj at Rahuri. The yogi again urged him to meet Sai Baba, proffering his opinion that Sai Baba was above creed and caste, and in no way inferior to Narayan Maharaj. This time Kashinath set aside his prejudices and proceeded to Shirdi. Before he went, he finally followed the advice of an old physician he previously met, which was to drink water as hot as his tongue could stand and to stop drinking cold water to assist his breathing. He found it beneficial, and followed this practice for the rest of his life.<ref>"The beneficial results of hot drink were apparent even from the first day.…Thus convinced of the benefits of the hot water treatment, he kept it up ever afterwards." See Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged, Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948), p. 41.</ref><br />
<br />
==Influence of Sai Baba of Shirdi==<br />
Sai Baba was a [[faqir]] and [[guru]], revered by both Hindu and Muslim followers, in Shirdi, a small agricultural village in the Ahmednager district. He never gave spiritual discourses, but told stories or parables on occasion. His language was metaphoric and paradoxical, as was his behaviour.<ref>Rigopoulos, Antonio, ''The Life and Teachings of Sai Baba of Shirdi'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993), p. xxiii.</ref> Despite this, he succeeded in creating an atmosphere of reciprocal harmony between the Hindu and Muslim communities in Shirdi. His spiritual charisma, expressed in his movements, words and glances, conveyed a tangible and immediate experience of the sacred.<ref>Rigopoulos, Antonio (1993). p. xxiv.</ref><br />
<br />
Kashinath went to Shirdi in late June 1911. He talked to local Hindus who eulogized the saint, but Sai Baba's open use of Muslim teachings and rituals discouraged Upasani from following him.<ref>“Thousands of his devotees were Hindus, and, though he was a Mahommedan, they performed the ceremony of ''arti'' in his honour. His greatest and most famous disciple was no other than Upasni Maharaj, who is a Hindu.” Purdom, C. B., ''The God-Man: The life, journeys and work of Meher Baba with an interpretation of his silence and spiritual teaching'', (Crescent Beach, South Carolina: Sheriar Press, 1971), p. 26 (originally published in London by Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1964).</ref> He quickly moved on to visit a Hindu guru at [[Kopargaon]], who, to his dismay, advised him to return to Shirdi. After a week, he was induced to go back. He attended the daily [[Arti (Hinduism)|''Arti'']] ceremonies and resumed his yogic routine. One day, Sai Baba communicated to devotees that Kashinath needed to stay for four years at Shirdi, and that there was no difference between himself and Kashinath.<ref>Satpathy, C. B., ''Shirdi Sai Baba and other Perfect Masters'' (New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Ltd, reprint, 2010), p. 133.</ref> Sai Baba asked Kashinath to sit quietly in the nearby deserted and dilapidated [[Khandoba]] temple. His meditation was not to be based on [[yoga]], but on a rapport with the saint.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged, Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948), pp. 54-57.</ref><br />
[[File:Khandobatemplesakori.jpg|right|thumb|161px|Khandoba Temple, near Shirdi, India]]<br />
Kashinath followed the instruction for more than a year. He took very little food or fluid and no outdoor exercise, except to attend ''arti''. The small temple was devoid of light, there was an excess of dust and dirt, and scorpions and snakes made their abode in it. Yet in these conditions he was subject to intense altered states of consciousness. Eventually, Kashinath came out of the temple and began to engage in hard menial labour. Alone, he would run a sugar-cane crusher, draw water for a farm, plough a field, and crush stones to small bits. During the year in the temple he had been silent, but now he began to speak. His moods seemed erratic to those who observed him, and some who approached him were abused or even beaten.<ref>Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), p. 9.</ref><br />
<br />
In 1913, during [[Guru Purnima]], Sai Baba ordered some persons to go to Kashinath and worship him. He disliked the attention, but since it was Sai Baba's order, he deferred, and allowed devotees to approach him in this manner. It was from this period that Kashinath Govind Upasani Shastri became addressed as Sri Upasani (Baba) Maharaj.<ref>Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), pp. 9-10.</ref><br />
<br />
After three years in Shirdi, without anybody's knowledge he left for Sindi, near Nagpur. After a short stay, he journeyed to Nagpur. His food intake had increased, but resulted in severe [[haemorrhoid]]s. This was treated by the medical procedure of the day— cutting and branding—and at Upasani's request without any anaesthesia.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged, Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948), p. 131.</ref> After the operation he went to [[Kharagpur]] to recuperate.<br />
<br />
For the first four months he remained unknown, but this gradually changed. The West Bengali town had a very mixed ethnic and linguistic population. He gained many Brahmin devotees, but concentrated on assisting the [[Bhangi]] caste, sweepers who cleaned the streets and removed the refuse of the houses. He chose to live among the colony of ''untouchables'', in conditions of squalor. His embrace of the role of a sweeper was remarkable for its bridging of the caste divide. This was not the lifestyle of a typical guru, and far removed from his ancestral roots in punditry.<ref>Shepherd, Kevin R. D., ''Sai Baba: Faqir of Shirdi'' (New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2017), p. 177.</ref> His rising fame reached Shirdi, and people came from there to Kharagpur to see him.<br />
<br />
Upasani's moods remained erratic in response to the attention he received; he continued to beat and abuse some of those who approached him, for what must have appeared to onlookers as inexplicable reasons. He engaged again in hard menial labour. Now beyond caste distinctions, he cleaned the roads, gutters and latrines, and stayed with [[Mahar]], [[Mang (caste)|Mang]], and [[Bhangi]] castes, and other untouchables. He lay at rest by a dust bin; sometimes he bathed in gutter water, and drank it; he would bathe and wash the clothes of a leper, and drink the washings; he would put a piece of dung in his mouth in the same way as he would a morsel of rich food. He was usually naked; occasionally he would wear a piece of [[gunny sack]], for which he became noted.<ref>Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), pp. 10-11.</ref><br />
<br />
During this time, hundreds approached him for his [[Darshan (Indian religions)|Darshan]], worship and advice; many religious festivals were celebrated by the local public under his direction. Then, in 1915, he suddenly left Kharagpur, first going to Nagpur, and thence returned to Shirdi. Upasani Maharaj had become known as Sai Baba's spiritual heir or chief disciple, and his fame spread. Some of Sai Baba's devotees became jealous and sought to cause him trouble. Upasani was forced to leave Shirdi to undertake a second operation for haemorrhoids, and after recovering he chose not to return to Shirdi. He travelled to several places in India where he gave discourses on spiritual subjects.<ref>Kalchuri, Bhau, ''Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, The Biography of the Avatar of the Age, Meher Baba'' (Manifestation Inc, 1986), p. 109.</ref> When the tension with the ill-disposed devotees had eased, Upasani returned to Shirdi to reside once again at the Khandoba temple.<br />
<br />
==Sakori Ashram==<br />
<br />
In 1917 a group of farmers from the village of [[Sakori]], near Shirdi, invited Upasani to live among them. They constructed a hut at the edge of the village, near the cremation ground. Sakori became a permanent [[ashram]] for Upasani Maharaj's work and helped dispel the resentment of the devotees who had reacted to the suggestion he was Sai Baba's spiritual heir.<ref>During his lifetime, Sai Baba had acquired both Hindu and Muslim devotees in western India. He would later die in 1918 with no successor. Shirdi subsequently developed into a relic shrine and pilgrimage site. Yet over the past several decades, he has been transformed from a regional figure into a revered persona of pan-Indian significance. See McLain, Karline., Be United, Be Virtuous: Composite Culture and Growth of Shirdi Sai Baba Devotion. ''Nova Religion: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions'' 15, no. 2 (2011): 20-40.</ref> At Sakori Upasani Maharaj remained a renunciate. He did not wear the ochre robe of a ''sannyasin'', but instead favoured common gunny cloth. He was not a member of any religious sect, and remained independent. Upasani was unpredictable in his behaviour towards those who approached him, but consistent in his distinctive discourses, many of which were recorded in the 1920s.<ref>Shepherd, Kevin R. D., ''Sai Baba: Faqir of Shirdi'' (New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2017), p. 177.</ref><br />
[[File:Upasni_11.jpg|thumb|288px|Upasani Maharaj inside the cage he built for himself circa 1922]]<br />
In 1922 Upasani erected a bamboo cage without any outlet, and confined himself in it. The cage extended over an area barely enough for a man to lie down. He ate (mainly bhakri and chutney), urinated and defecated, and took baths all within the narrow confines of the cage. The devotees kept the cage as clean as possible and attended to his needs from outside. ''Arti'' was performed daily to him, followed by devotional songs by the virgin girls who had become his ''kanyas'' – nuns. He remained in the cage for over 14 months. Eventually, he asked his devotees to make a door, and began to come out and sit for short periods; a year later, he began to stay outside for longer periods.<ref>Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), pp. 12-13.</ref> The reason Upasani gave for his self-confinement was to teach his devotees ''service''.<br />
<br />
“I made this cage and I am sitting in it. Now, on finding that no personal service is possible (Upasni did not want people to serve him: ‘You people try to serve me; but I do not like it.’), those that want to serve should take something as belonging to here and do the service; for example, Baba's garden, Baba's temple, Baba's animals, and so on. This is the customary way to serve a saint."<ref>''Talks of Sadguru Upasni-Baba Maharaj'', Volume II-A, talk given on 8 January 1924. See https://meherbabaisrael.com/Upasni%20Talks%20vol%20II-A.pdf</ref><br />
<br />
During this period, Upasani began to deliver daily spiritual discourses, which went on for hours. These talks continued both from within and outside of the cage for a period of nearly five years, and attracted devotees from increasing distances. The story of his life produced by a well-known writer, Madhav Nath, spread his fame. In 1923, Upasani's lectures began to appear in a Marathi monthly called ''Sai Vak Sudha'', and were later published in book form under the title ''Upasani Vak Sudha''. Others of his discourses were published under the title ''The Unpublished Talks of Upasni Baba''. A third book dealing with the duties and role of women in society bears the title ''Sati Charitra'' (The Character of a Wife).<ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972), p. 45.</ref> This led to an increase in his popularity, and new buildings were built at the ashram in Sakori.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged, Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948), Part II, p. 104.</ref><br />
<br />
==Meeting with Mahatma Gandhi==<br />
<br />
Upasani's influence continued to broaden; he had devotees throughout India and had a great effect on Hindu contemporary culture and the country's social and political leaders.<ref>See Tipnis, S. N., ''Contribution of Upasni Baba to Indian Culture'' (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1986)</ref> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] read the newly published [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] biography of Upasani and later went to Sakori to investigate. At most Hindu ashrams Gandhi would have been ceremoniously greeted as a great celebrity, his patronage deemed a blessing, but Upasni showed great annoyance, and used abusive language towards the visitor. Upasani was wearing his gunny cloth when Gandhi arrived, but he removed it and went stark naked. He had a tendency to do this, particularly when annoyed by the demands of social etiquette imposed by caste Hinduism.<ref>Shepherd, Kevin R. D., ''Investigating the Sai Baba Movement: A Clarification of Misrepresented Saints and Opportunism'' (Dorchester: Citizen Initiative, 2005), pp. 93-94; Kalchuri, Bhau, ''Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, The Biography of the Avatar of the Age, Meher Baba'' (Manifestation Inc”, 1986), ''Footnotes Volume One'', p. 114, who writes: “Among India’s leaders of social and political reform whom Upasani Maharaj met was Mahatma Gandhi. When Gandhi met Upasni Maharaja he was shocked by the austerity of the Master. Gandhi approached Upasni in a reverent mood, but to dispel Gandhi’s spiritual pride Upasni told him. You are a great man, but what is that to me. To humble him, Upasni did not treat Gandhi with the usual respect befitting a great leader of a country.”</ref> The gesture was lost on Gandhi, who at that time still defended the Caste system, and who in 1921 had written that the Hindu prohibition against intermarriage and interdining is essential for the rapid evolution of the soul.<ref>Fischer, Louis, ''The Life of Mahatma Gandhi'' (London: Jonathan Cape, 1951), p. 419, citing ''Young India'', October 6th 1921.</ref> Gandhi's subsequent experiences and reflections led him to annul this orthodox belief in November 1932, when he described the same two prohibitions as weakening Hindu society.<ref>Fischer, Louis, ''The Life of Mahatma Gandhi'' (London: Jonathan Cape, 1951), pp. 419–420, citing ''Young India'', October 6th 1921.</ref><br />
<br />
==Kanya Kumari Sthan==<br />
[[File:Upasni_25.jpg|right|thumb|194px|Upasani Maharaj in the 1930s, seated with his kanyas (nuns)]]<br />
In later years Upasani traveled extensively in India, meeting devotees and giving public spiritual discourses. He was a traditionalist, yet in some respects his outlook was modern. He worked to raise the status of women in society. He believed that they should all be educated, though stressed religious rather than secular education.<ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972), p. 52.</ref><br />
<br />
The major feature of Upasani Maharaj's later years was the creation of a unique institution at Sakori. This was a community of nuns (''kanyas'') known as the Upasni Kanya Kumari Sthan.<ref>Shepherd, Kevin R. D., ''Sai Baba: Faqir of Shirdi'' (New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2017), p. 177.</ref> The word ''kanya'' is sometimes translated as “virgin”. The word ''kumari'' means young woman. The word ''sthan'' means “abode”. The meaning that Upasani himself gave to the phrase ''kanya kumari'' was that of a virgin or nun who destroys untruth and leads others to Brahman. The nuns received training in Sanskrit, bramanical methods of memorizing and reciting sacred scriptures such as the [[Vedas]] and [[Upanishads]], and performing religious ceremonies. The Sthan was a revival of the time during the Vedic era when women took a leading role in the spiritual and intellectual life of India. This was a departure from the orthodox customs of the day that excluded women from religious rites. Initially, the girls were dedicated to Upasani Maharaj's ashram. Following the passage of the [[Devadasi Abolition Act]], which made it illegal to dedicate girls to Hindu temples, girls offered to the Sakori ashram were taken in marriage by Upasani. This was a spiritual marriage, that involved uniting with the divine through the medium of the Guru. It initially involved two girls, and later extended to six. It included Godavari Mataji (1914-1990), who became the leader of the growing community after Upasni's death.<br />
<br />
The marriages caused consternation among the general public. Articles appeared in magazines and newspapers, and various civil suits and a criminal cases against Upasani arose, but in all these the court declared him innocent.<ref>Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja'' (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.), p. 15.</ref> He was charged with an offence under the Devadasi Act and convicted in the first Court, but acquitted on appeal. The controversy led to a decline in his popularity.<ref>Narasimhaswami, B. V., and Subbarao, S., ''Sage of Sakuri'' (third edn, revised and enlarged, Parts I and II (Sakuri: B. T. Wagh, 1948), Part II, p. 104-5.</ref><br />
<br />
==Teachings==<br />
<br />
The principal teachings of Upasani Maharaj have often been reduced to three rules that, "if observed sincerely, lead to a life worth living":<br />
#Not to trouble anybody in the least.<br />
#To suffer for and be useful to others.<br />
#To remain contented in a state of ''Be as it may.''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mydattatreya.com/upasani-maharaj/ | title=Upasani Maharaj }}</ref><br />
<br />
The full range and context of Upasani's teachings can be found in ''The Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaj'', comprising 4 volumes.<ref>Godamastu, ed. ''The Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaj'', 4 vols, Reprint; Sakuri: Shri Upasani Kanya Kumari Sthan, 1978 (1957).</ref><br />
<br />
The character and teachings of Upasani Maharaj have been described as paradoxical. Though he talked about spiritual matters, his language was often coarse, even vulgar. Apparently minor transgressions from devotees could provoke angry outbursts, in which he would beat or throw stones at them, and yet in the next moment he would shower them with love and affection. His numerous discourses covered a wide range of metaphysical subjects, but his language was always that of the common people.<ref>Harper, Marvin Henry, ''Gurus, Swamis, and Avataras: Spiritual Masters and Their American Disciples'' (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972), p. 52.</ref> Yet the ‘language’ of Upasni Maharaj required that the listener adapt to something other than words:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>My talk is not in accordance with the method of exposition as laid down by the [[Shastra]]. My physical body is crooked; so is my hut; my language also is rough and unpolished. If you want to derive some benefit from here you have to behave to suit this place. Remember the saying "When you go to Rome, behave as a Roman does". Whenever you go to any place you have to adapt yourself to that place, otherwise you are not able to derive full benefit from it; the people over there would not be free with you. When you go to a place of God or to that of a Sat-purusha, you have to maintain both external and internal purity; your reasoning must be straightforward; your whole behaviour has to be virtuous to suit that place; your actions and movements must be suitably adjusted; then alone you are able to achieve your object.<ref>''The Talks of Sadguru Upasni-Baba Maharaja'', Volume II-A, talk given on 12 December 1923. See https://meherbabaisrael.com/Upasni%20Talks%20vol%20II-A.pdf</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
Upasani Maharaj has been described as the living embodiment of the [[Ashtavakra Gita]].<ref>Godamasuta, ed., ''The Life Sketch and Quintessence of the Talks of Sadguru Upasani Baba Maharaja (Sakori: Shri Sati Devitai Upasani Maharaj, n.d.)'', p. 18.</ref> Of himself, he declared:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>I am the Ancient One. I am in the Beyond-State, beyond Duality and Non-duality. I am in the world, but not of it. Because I have to behave like a man of the world, do not misunderstand me. I experience simultaneously the World-state and the God-state. I live eternally in the state of divine-consciousness. I am everything.<ref>Tipnis, S. N. Dr., ''Teachings of Shri Upasni Maharaj'' (Sakuri: Shri Upasani Kanya Kumari Sthan, 1988); first published as ''Sayings of Shri Upasni Baba Maharaj'', 1972., p. 14.</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
<br />
Upasani's last years were filled with extensive travel, meeting his devotees scattered about the country, teaching the kanyas in the ashram, and supervising the construction and dedication of shrines and temples made possible through the gifts of his followers. The last of these was in Satana in 1941, where a temple was constructed in honor of his birth there. When construction was nearing completion, Upasani pressed the workmen to finish soon, saying "The sun is setting … The sun is setting."<ref>Kalchuri, Bhau, ''Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, The Biography of the Avatar of the Age, Meher Baba'', ( Manifestation Inc, 1986), p. 115.</ref> The temple was constructed at the spot formerly occupied by his own home. He returned exhausted to Sakori on the twenty-third of December. On the 24th of December 1941, at 71 years of age, Upasani Baba Maharaj dropped the body and entered [[Samadhi#Mahāsamādhi|Mahāsamādhi]].<br />
<br />
== Master to Meher Baba ==<br />
[[File:Meher Baba and Upasni Maharaj.jpg|thumb|250px|Final meeting with Meher Baba on 17 October 1941]]<br />
Upasani Maharaj was one of the principal teachers of [[Meher Baba]]. Meher Baba first met Upasani in 1915 when Upasani was staying in [[Shirdi]] with [[Sai Baba of Shirdi|Sai Baba]].<br />
<br />
Upasani moved to [[Sakori]] in July 1917 and Meher Baba frequently stayed there. According to Meher Baba, who had received God-realization in January 1914 from [[Hazrat Babajan]], Upasni Maharaj gave him knowledge of the divine.<ref>Purdom, op. cit., p. 24.</ref> [[Charles Purdom]] recounts that, at the end of December 1921, Upasani made several comments relating to Meher Baba. He said to his disciples: "I have given my charge to Meherwanji. He is the holder of my key." Some time later he said "This boy will move the world. Humanity at large will be benefited at his hands." A few days later he sent for Gustadji Hansotia, one of his leading disciples, and told him "I have made Meherwanji perfect. He is the Sadguru of this Age. Now you have to leave me and stick to him." To Behramji he said, "Your friend is God-realized; carry out every command and every desire of his." Finally, one night he folded his hands and said, "Meherwanji, you are ''adi-shakti'': you are ''Avatar''."<ref>Purdom, op. cit., p. 26.</ref><br />
<br />
After a separation of nearly 20 years, Meher Baba and Upasani Maharaj met for the last time on 17 October 1941 in Dahigaon, a small village in [[Niphad|Niphad taluka]] in the [[Nashik district]] of [[Maharashtra]], just two months before Upasni's death.<ref>''Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, The Biography of the Avatar of the Age, Meher Baba'', Bhau Kalchuri, Manifestation, Inc. 1986. p. 2724</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* Harper, Marvin Henry ''The Saint who suffered: Sri Upasani Baba Maharaj'', Chap 3 in ''Gurus, Swamis and Avatars: Spiritual Masters and their American disciples'', Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1972.<br />
* Jannarkar, R. S. ''A Pictorial Story of Shree Upasani Kanya Kumari Ashram, Sakuri'', Reprint; Sakuri: Shri Upasani Kanya Kumari Sthan, 1973 (1955).<br />
* Narasimha Iyer, Bhavani ''Sage of Sakori'', Madras, 1935.<br />
* Tipnis, S. N. ''Contribution of Upasani Baba to Indian culture'', Shri B.T. Wagh, 1966.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons|Upasni Maharaj}}<br />
* [http://www.trustmeher.com/files/five/upasni.htm Online biography with photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010174259/http://www.trustmeher.com/files/five/upasni.htm |date=10 October 2016 }}<br />
* [http://www.shreeswami.org/shri-upasani-baba-maharaj.htm Shreeswami.org]<br />
* [http://www.beezone.com/MeherBaba/upasni_and_meher_october_1.htm Final meeting between Upasni Maharaj and Meher Baba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923183241/http://www.beezone.com/MeherBaba/upasni_and_meher_october_1.htm |date=23 September 2015 }}<br />
* [https://www.independentphilosophy.net/Upasani_Maharaj_Radical_Rishi_Part_One.html Comprehensive biography in four parts with photos]<br />
{{Hinduism footer small}}<br />
{{philosophy of religion}}<br />
{{Hindu reform movements}}<br />
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[[Category:1870 births]]<br />
[[Category:1941 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Hindu saints]]<br />
[[Category:Meher Baba]]<br />
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Sai Baba of Shirdi]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bachan&diff=513755Luis Bachan2026-03-28T08:14:11Z<p>Samwaterman2016: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Comedian and actor (born 1962)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Luis Bachan<br />
| image = Remembering Late Rosario Rodrigues 24.10.18 - 30595404107 (cropped).jpg <br />
| caption = Coelho at [[Institute Menezes Braganza]], 2018<br />
| birth_name = Luis Caitano Coelho<br />
| birth_place = [[Bandora, Goa]], India<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|2|5|df=y}}<br />
| other_names = Luis B<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2019/01/15/magazines/buzz/tiatr-personality-jp-pereira-3/|title=Tiatr Personality JP Pereira|work=The Navhind Times|date=January 15, 2019|access-date=6 August 2024|archive-date=6 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806115523/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2019/01/15/magazines/buzz/tiatr-personality-jp-pereira-3/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|actor|singer}}<br />
| years_active = {{circa|1999}}–present<br />
| relatives = [[Comedian Domnic]] (brother)<br />
| known_for = {{ubl|<br />
* ''[[Home Sweet Home (2014 film)|Home Sweet Home]]''<br />
* ''[[Home Sweet Home 2]]''<br />
* ''[[Kantaar]]'' (2019)}} <br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Iria Rodrigues|1994}}<br />
| children = 2<br />
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/luisbachan.coelho}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Luis Caitano Coelho''' (born 5 February 1962), known professionally as '''Luis Bachan''', is a comedian, actor, and singer based in [[Swindon]], United Kingdom. He is known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' (theatre) productions.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Luis Caitano Coelho was born on 5 February 1962 in [[Bandora, Goa]], India.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2024 |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2024 |pages=129}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Coelho has been involved in several [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and theatrical productions in recent years. In December 2014, he was cast in the Konkani film ''[[Home Sweet Home (2014 film)|Home Sweet Home]]'', directed by Swapnil Shetkar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filming of Konkani movie ends |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Filming-of-Konkani-movie-ends/80893 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112432/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Filming-of-Konkani-movie-ends/80893 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following year, in December 2015, he reprised his role in the sequel to this film, titled ''[[Home Sweet Home 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-23 |title=Konkani film Home Sweet Home 2 to hit screens on Christmas |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/konkani-film-home-sweet-home-2-to-hit-screens-on-christmas-536158-2015-12-23 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112432/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/konkani-film-home-sweet-home-2-to-hit-screens-on-christmas-536158-2015-12-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2015, Coelho was cast in the ''[[tiatr]]'' (a form of [[Goan]] theater) ''Mhaka Tuji Goroz'' (I Need Your Aid), directed by his brother, [[Comedian Domnic]]. In this production, Coelho played the lead character of Climax, who was described by a critic from the local newspaper ''[[O Heraldo]]'' as a "comedic and likeable role." The critic also observed that the characters created by Domnic and Coelho were fundamentally strong, appealing, and occasionally displayed a subtle sense of humor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=That brotherly bond |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/That-brotherly-bond/89109 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112430/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/That-brotherly-bond/89109 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Coelho has made several appearances in the ''tiatr'' theatrical tradition. In June 2015, he was cast in the ''tiatr'' production ''Mhozo Sangati Tho'' (He's My Companion), which was directed by [[Patrick Dourado]]. In this performance, Coelho portrayed a comedian, starring alongside his brother Comedian Domnic and Comedian Sally. Coelho's work in this ''tiatr'' production was praised by critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Against all odds |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Against-all-odds/89973 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229182904/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Against-all-odds/89973 |url-status=live }}</ref> Just a few months later, in August 2015, he was cast in another ''tiatr'', titled ''Bailek Dukh, Kumarik Sukh'' (Wife's Pain, Mistress's Happiness), which was written by Conception de Tuem. Once again, Coelho took on a comedic role, this time performing alongside an ensemble that included Comedienne Joana, Jane, and Humbert. The collaborative efforts of the cast in this ''tiatr'' were also well received.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ugly face of infidelity |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-ugly-face-of-infidelity-/92427 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112434/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-ugly-face-of-infidelity-/92427 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In August 2015, Coelho was cast in the ''[[tiatr]]'' production ''Osleo Suno'' (Such Daughter-in- laws), directed by Tony de Ribandar. In this play, he portrayed the comedic character of Derefent, performing opposite Comedienne Janet as a comic couple. He shared the stage with other comedic performers, including Comedian Sally and Dorothy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unity is Strength |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Unity-is-Strength-/92426 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112434/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Unity-is-Strength-/92426 |url-status=live }}</ref> Two months later, in November 2015, Coelho was cast in an unnamed tiatr, where he played a comedian alongside his brother, [[Comedian Domnic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The strength of the oppressed |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-strength-of-the-oppressed-/95891 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112435/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-strength-of-the-oppressed-/95891 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following year, in November 2016, he was cast in the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] ''War-Onn'' by Mozin Travasso. In this production, Coelho took on comic roles alongside actors Kenny and [[Comedian Nato]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fight Against Corruption |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-Fight-Against-Corruption/108150 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112433/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/The-Fight-Against-Corruption/108150 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In May 2017, Coelho was cast in the ''tiatr Kevpachim Bavlim Nhoi'' (Not a Toy to Play) produced by Mini Mario. In this production, he portrayed a comedian, performing alongside other well-known [[Goan]] artists such as [[John D' Silva]], Regina, Bladwin, and Jack de Colva. A critique published in the local newspaper ''[[O Heraldo]]'' highlighted that the actors were engaging, but the humor lacked originality during the performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A woman is not a toy |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-woman-is-not-a-toy/115694 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112432/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-woman-is-not-a-toy/115694 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following year, in July 2017, Coelho was cast in another ''tiatr'' titled ''Go To Hell'' produced by Milagres de Chandor. In this production, he played a comic role, performing alongside other comedic actors including [[Comedian Selvy]], Comedian Richard, and Comedian Nato.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A moving tale of the power of love |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-moving-tale-of-the-power-of-love/117694 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806112431/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-moving-tale-of-the-power-of-love/117694 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Coelho has a close relationship with his older brother, [[Comedian Domnic]], who is also a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] comedian and actor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sequeira |first=Elvis |date=2010-10-22 |title=Comedian Dominic: A Performer Par Excellence |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/22_oct |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |language=en |archive-date=2024-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605113427/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/22_oct |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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[[File:Luis Bachan art (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|An artwork dedicated to Coelho during the [[44th International Film Festival of India|44th IFFI]]]]<br />
Coelho has provided significant support and involvement in his brother's work within the [[Tiatr|Konkani theatre]] scene.<ref name=":0" /> He resided in the Muxer, Bandora neighborhood of [[Goa]] as of 2012.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref> Coelho later relocated to [[Swindon]], UK, where he is currently based.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luis Bachan & Comedian Domnic {{!}} Candid with Candida {{!}} Ep121 {{!}} Prudent {{!}} 070126 |url=https://www.prudentmedia.in/candid-with-candida/luis-bachan-comedian-domnic-candid-with-candida-ep121-prudent-070126/25459.html |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=www.prudentmedia.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2024-01-09 |title='Past is Past' – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2024/01/09/magazines/buzz/past-is-past/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=3 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803122153/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2024/01/09/magazines/buzz/past-is-past/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He frequently traveled to his home state Goa to work on [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] like ''Fotting No.1'' (2022) directed by Joywin Fernandes<ref>{{Cite web |title=The consequences of extramarital affairs |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/The-consequences-of-extramarital-affairs/191520 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806161907/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/The-consequences-of-extramarital-affairs/191520 |url-status=live }}</ref> and tiatr productions such as ''Past is Past'' (2023) by [[Comedian Agostinho]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-07 |title=From UK with love: Troupe to stage tiatr in Goa for first time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/from-uk-with-love-troupe-to-stage-tiatr-in-goa-for-first-time/articleshow/105792550.cms |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806161906/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/from-uk-with-love-troupe-to-stage-tiatr-in-goa-for-first-time/articleshow/105792550.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|id=6997778}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bachan, Luis}}<br />
[[Category:1962 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Tiatrists]]<br />
[[Category:Actors from South Goa district]]<br />
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Swindon]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_William_Bhore&diff=506589Joseph William Bhore2026-03-25T00:21:45Z<p>Samwaterman2016: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian civil servant and diwan of the Cochin State}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}<br />
[[File:Bhore_JW.jpg|thumb|In 1922]]<br />
'''Sir Joseph William Bhore''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCSI|KCIE|CBE}} (1878 – 15 August 1960) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[civil servant]] and [[diwan (title)|diwan]] of the [[Cochin State]]. He is best remembered for his chairmanship of the Health Survey and Development Committee ([[Bhore Committee]]) that charted a course for [[public health]] investments and infrastructure in [[India]].<ref name="books.google">{{cite book|last=Wujastyk|first=Dagmar|title=Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms|year=2008|publisher=SUNY Press|location=Albany|page=52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3XBu-vpXgoC&q=joseph+william+bhore&pg=PA51|isbn=9780791478165}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portraitLarge/mw121873/Sir-Joseph-William-Bhore-Margaret-Wilkie-ne-Stott-Lady-Bhore|title = Sir Joseph William Bhore; Margaret Wilkie (Née Stott), Lady Bhore - National Portrait Gallery}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
J. W. Bhore was born in [[Nasik]] in 1878 as the son of [[Rai Sahib|Rao Saheb]] R. G. Bhore and was educated at Bishop's High School and [[Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute|Deccan College]] in [[Pune]] and [[University College, London]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Wujastyk|first=Dagmar|title=Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms|year=2008|publisher=SUNY Press|location=Albany|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3XBu-vpXgoC&q=joseph+william+bhore&pg=PA51|isbn=9780791478165}}</ref><br />
<br />
== ICS Officer ==<br />
Bhore joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1902<ref>{{cite book|title=The India List and India Office List for 1905|year=1905|publisher=Great Britain. India Office|location=London|page=78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2NPAAAAMAAJ&q=j+w+bhore&pg=PA81}}</ref> and was assigned the Madras ICS cadre<ref>{{cite news|title=Elusive administrative reforms|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/10/14/stories/2005101401071000.htm|accessdate=4 March 2013|newspaper=The Hindu Businessline|date=14 October 2005}}</ref> and held a number of senior government offices in [[Madras]] and [[Cochin]].<br />
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Bhore worked variously in the Departments of Agriculture and Lands (1924–28), Industries and Labour (1930–32) and Commerce and [[Railways in India|Railways]] (1932–35) during his career as a civil servant.<ref>{{cite book|last=Streat|first=E. Raymond|authorlink=Raymond Streat|title=The Diary of Sir Raymond Streat|year=1987|publisher=Manchester University Press|location=Manchester|page=264|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxANAQAAIAAJ&q=joseph+william+bhore&pg=PA264|isbn=9780719023903}}</ref><br />
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He was the Acting High Commissioner for India in the [[UK]] during 1922–1923<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter XV- The High Commissioner for India|url=http://www.houseofdavid.ca/seton15.pdf|accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref> and a Member of the Governor General's Executive Council during 1926–1927 and 1930–1932. He represented India at the Silver Jubilee Celebrations in [[London]] in 1935. He was also Secretary to the [[Indian Statutory Commission]] – better known as the [[Simon Commission]] - established in 1928 to report on the working of representative institutions in British India and the [[Government of India Act 1919]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of commissions and officials 1920-1929|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16609|accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref><br />
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==Honours==<br />
Bhore was appointed a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the [[1920 New Year Honours]],<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/31709/supplements/16098 London Gazette, 30 December 1919]</ref> and appointed a Companion of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) in the [[1923 Birthday Honours|1923 King's Birthday Honours]].<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/32830/supplements/3947 London Gazette, 2 June 1923]</ref> He was promoted to a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in the [[1930 Birthday Honours|1930 King's Birthday Honours]],<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33611/supplements/3477 London Gazette, 3 June 1930]</ref> and appointed a Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]] (KCSI) in the [[1933 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{cite web|title=SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, 2 JANUARY, 1933|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33898/supplements/5/page.pdf|accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref><br />
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== Diwan of Cochin ==<br />
J. W. Bhore had been Under Secretary, Government of Madras when he was appointed by the [[Maharaja of Cochin|Raja of Cochin]] as Dewan in 1914, succeeding [[Albion Rajkumar Banerji|A. R. Banerji]].<ref>{{cite web|title=State of Cochin (Madras Presidency)|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1914/mar/26/state-of-cochin-madras-presidency|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=26 March 1914|access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Playne|first=Somerset|title=Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources|year=1914|publisher=Asian Educational Services|page=372|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WNEcgMr11kC&q=j+w+bhore&pg=PA372|isbn=9788120613447}}</ref> During his five years in Cochin from 1914 to 1919, Bhore paid attention to [[agrarian reforms]] in the state. The Tenancy Regulation of 1914 and the establishment of [[panchayats]] and co-operative societies in Cochin were among his major achievements.<ref>{{cite book|last=Menon|first=A Sreedhara|title=A Survey Of Kerala History|year=2007|publisher=DC Books|location=Kottayam|page=277|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C&q=j+w+bhore&pg=PA277|isbn=9788126415786}}</ref><br />
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== Bhore Committee ==<br />
{{main|Bhore Committee}}<br />
Bhore is perhaps best remembered for his chairmanship of the Health Survey and Development Committee which was established in 1943 by the British colonial government. The committee was tasked with undertaking ‘a broad survey of the present position in regard to health conditions and health organisation in [[British India]]’ and with making ‘recommendations for future developments’ in this regard.<ref name="books.google" /><br />
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In its final report in 1946, the Committee noted thus: "If it were possible to evaluate the loss, which this country annually suffers through the avoidable waste of valuable human material and the lowering of human efficiency through malnutrition and preventable morbidity, we feel that the result would be so startling that the whole country would be aroused and would not rest until a radical change had been brought about".<ref>{{cite web|title=FACULTY OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE|url=http://tvmc.ac.in/faculty/medical/basic-medical-sciences/community-medicine.php|publisher=Tirunelveli Medical College|accessdate=4 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414133246/http://tvmc.ac.in/faculty/medical/basic-medical-sciences/community-medicine.php|archive-date=14 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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Two particular recommendations of the committee dealt with the establishment of [[Primary Health Centre, India|Primary Health Centres]] and the creation of a major central institute for postgraduate medical education and research. In pursuit of these recommendations, the [[Government of India]] established the first Primary Health Centres in 1952 and in 1956, it set up the [[All-India Institute of Medical Sciences]] (AIIMS). The decision to abolish the Licentiate in Medical Practice (LMP) and to replace it with single medical qualification of an [[MBBS|MBBS degree]] as the requirement to become a doctor was also taken up in 1952 on the basis of the committee's recommendation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Awaiting the new foot soldiers of community health care|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/awaiting-the-new-foot-soldiers-of-community-health-care/article3975089.ece|accessdate=4 March 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 October 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Bhore Committee provided the outline for setting up an organised public health system in India and it was deeply inspired by the [[welfare state]] movement in the U.K. and socialist developments in the [[USSR]]. The Committee however has been criticised for overlooking the role of indigenous practitioners of medicine in the health system leading to a large number of private practitioners, who formed the mainstay of health care in rural areas and small towns, being ignored by the new system.<ref>{{cite news|title=Merit versus social responsibility|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/07/23/stories/2006072300080100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824045535/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/07/23/stories/2006072300080100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 August 2007|accessdate=4 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 July 2006}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Bhore married Scottish physician and medical missionary [[Margaret Stott Bhore|Margaret Bhore]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MBE}} (née Stott) in 1911. She died in [[Bhopal]] in May 1945. Bhore died in [[Guernsey]], [[Channel Islands]] on 15 August 1960.<ref>{{cite web|title=Joseph William Bhore|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?gl=38&rank=1&new=1&so=3&MSAV=0&msT=1&gss=ms_f-80&gsfn=Nazeer&gsln=Bhore|accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw121870/Sir-Joseph-William-Bhore?LinkID=mp80297&role=sit&rNo=1 Portrait of Sir Joseph William Bhore]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131209024456/https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/ui/who/PDF/Report%20of%20the%20Health%20Survey%20%26%20Development%20Committee%20Vol%20I.pdf REPORT OF THE HEALTH SURVEY AND DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE SURVEY (Bhore Committee) - VOL 1]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhore, J. W.}}<br />
[[Category:1878 births]]<br />
[[Category:1960 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Nashik]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]<br />
[[Category:High commissioners of India to the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:Diwans of Cochin]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Indian knights]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kagwad_Assembly_constituency&diff=468022Kagwad Assembly constituency2026-03-24T11:04:33Z<p>Samwaterman2016: minor edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
|name = Kagwad<br />
|state = [[Karnataka]]<br />
|type= SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 4<br />
| map_image = 4-Kagwad constituency.svg<br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
|mla = [[Raju Kage]]<br />
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
|district = [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi]]<br />
|established = 1961<br />
|electors = {{formatnum:195985}} (2023)<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}<br />
|reservation = None<br />
|preceded_by = [[Shrimant Patil]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Kagwad Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 constituencies in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] of [[Karnataka]], a southern state of [[India]]. Kagwad is also part of [[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/Kagwad.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Kagwad Assembly Constituency]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008]</ref><br />
<br />
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Shankaragaud Veeranagoud Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || B. C. Peeraji<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Kittur Ragunath Dhulappa<br />
|-<br />
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Annarao Balappa Jakanur || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="2" | [[V. L. Patil|Vasanthrao Lakangouda Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Annarao. B. Jakanur || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Shaha Mohan Hirachand || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Pasagouda Urf Popat Appagoda Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2000 elections in India#Karnataka|2000 By-election]] || [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Bharamagouda (Raju) Alagouda Kage || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="2" | [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan="2" | [[Shrimant Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 elections in India#Karnataka|2019 By-election]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Kagwad">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Kagwad |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS104.htm?ac=4 |accessdate=5 May 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505152721/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS104.htm?ac=4 |archivedate=5 May 2025}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 83,387 |percentage = 51.45% |change = {{increase}}9.97 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shrimant Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 74,560 |percentage = 46.00% |change = {{decrease}}8.66 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 985 |percentage = 0.61% |change = {{decrease}}0.27 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,827 |percentage = 5.45% |change = {{decrease}}7.73 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 162,316 |percentage = 82.82% |change = {{increase}}6.94 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 162,078}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 195,985 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.76 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.21 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly By-election 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 elections in India#Karnataka|2019 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shrimant Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 76,952 |percentage = 54.66% |change = {{increase}}20.27 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 58,395 |percentage = 41.48% |change = {{decrease}}15.51 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shri Shrishail Parasappa Tugashetti (Shettar) |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,448 |percentage = 1.74% |change = {{decrease}}3.29 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,238 |percentage = 0.88% |change = {{increase}}0.36 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vivek Jayendra Shetti |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 1,099 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,557 |percentage = 13.18% |change = {{decrease}}9.42 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 141,945 |percentage = 75.88% |change = {{decrease}}4.20 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,792}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 187,074 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.69 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.33 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shrimant Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 83,060 |percentage = 56.99% |change = {{increase}}31.40 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 50,118 |percentage = 34.39% |change = {{increase}}2.05 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kallappa Paris Magennavar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 7,337 |percentage = 5.03% |change = {{decrease}}25.08 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Divakar Ramachandra Potadar |party = Sarva Janata Party |votes = 1,004 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 754 |percentage = 0.52% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,942 |percentage = 22.60% |change = {{increase}}20.37 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 145,878 |percentage = 80.08% |change = {{increase}}1.39 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 145,735}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 182,173 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.94 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}24.65 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2013 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 41,784 |percentage = 32.34% |change = {{decrease}}9.61 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shrimant Patil]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 38,897 |percentage = 30.11% |change = {{increase}}15.36 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kirankumar Tatyagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,057 |percentage = 25.59% |change = {{decrease}}8.04 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ajit Bharamu Chougale |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 8,788 |percentage = 6.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vidyadhar. S. Kamble |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,158 |percentage = 1.67% |change = {{decrease}}2.15 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shoba Balu Tavadare |party = Independent politician |votes = 908 |percentage = 0.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,887 |percentage = 2.23% |change = {{decrease}}6.09 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 129,213 |percentage = 78.69% |change = {{increase}}8.11 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 129,200}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 164,213 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.35 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}9.61 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2008 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 45,286 |percentage = 41.95% |change = {{decrease}}0.54 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Digvijaya Yashawantrao Pawar Desai |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,304 |percentage = 33.63% |change = {{decrease}}5.56 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shrimant Patil]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 15,923 |percentage = 14.75% |change = {{increase}}5.31 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anand Shantappa Sadalage |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,119 |percentage = 3.82% |change = {{decrease}}1.59 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sridhar Mahadev Joshi |party = Rashtriya Hindustan Sena Karnataka |votes = 1,532 |percentage = 1.42% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narsinha Tukaram Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,395 |percentage = 1.29% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shravan Maruti Kamble |party = Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 962 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Annasab Irappa Sattikar |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 846 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,982 |percentage = 8.32% |change = {{increase}}5.03 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 107,963 |percentage = 70.58% |change = {{increase}}0.26 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 107,947}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 152,975 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.54 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.54 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Bharamagouda (Raju) Alagouda Kage |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 44,529 |percentage = 42.49% |change = {{increase}}39.13 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kirankumar Tatyagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 41,077 |percentage = 39.19% |change = {{decrease}}7.48 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Hirachand Shah |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 9,895 |percentage = 9.44% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Surendra Siddappa Karigar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,674 |percentage = 5.41% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gadige Rajaram Shivaling |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,869 |percentage = 1.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathod Tarer Sing Ram Sing |party = Sirpanch Samaj Party |votes = 1,764 |percentage = 1.68% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,452 |percentage = 3.29% |change = {{increase}}2.17 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 104,909 |percentage = 70.32% |change = {{increase}}4.07 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 104,808}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,181 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.37 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Janata Dal (United) |swing = {{decrease}}5.29 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly By-election 2000 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2000 elections in India#Karnataka|2000 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeSep2000/index.htm |title=Bye Elections - Sep. 2000 - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 43,557 |percentage = 47.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijaya P. Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,538 |percentage = 46.67% |change = {{increase}}11.29 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. S. Annagouda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,061 |percentage = 3.36% |change = {{decrease}}10.42 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. A. Tammanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,998 |percentage = 2.19% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,019 |percentage = 1.12% |change = {{decrease}}8.85 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 91,191 |percentage = 66.25% |change = {{decrease}}5.25 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 91,154}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,655 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.75 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (United) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}12.40 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1999 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pasagouda Urf Popat Appagoda Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,462 |percentage = 35.38% |change = {{increase}}3.73 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 22,593 |percentage = 25.41% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaha Mohan Hirachand |party = Independent politician |votes = 16,952 |percentage = 19.06% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anand Shantappa Sadalage |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 12,255 |percentage = 13.78% |change = {{increase}}12.38 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivagouda Balesh Chunar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,385 |percentage = 2.68% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaila J. Karchi |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,003 |percentage = 2.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pujarijayashri Savant |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,274 |percentage = 1.43% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,869 |percentage = 9.97% |change = {{decrease}}10.80 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 95,788 |percentage = 71.50% |change = {{increase}}1.79 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,924}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,780 |percentage = 7.08% |change = {{increase}}4.70 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,972 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.41 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}17.04 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1994 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shaha Mohan Hirachand |party = Janata Dal |votes = 42,514 |percentage = 52.42% |change = {{increase}}25.66 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Annarao Balappa Jakanur |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,670 |percentage = 31.65% |change = {{decrease}}10.02 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. L. Patil|Vasanthrao Lakangouda Patil]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,130 |percentage = 10.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Huddar Bharamappa Yeshwant |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 2,778 |percentage = 3.43% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kundargi Lalita Krishnaraj |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,133 |percentage = 1.40% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,844 |percentage = 20.77% |change = {{increase}}5.86 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 83,084 |percentage = 69.71% |change = {{increase}}0.47 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,097}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,977 |percentage = 2.38% |change = {{decrease}}4.10 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,186 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.90 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}10.75 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1989 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Annarao. B. Jakanur |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,658 |percentage = 41.67% |change = {{increase}}0.18 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kiran. T. Patil |party = Janata Dal |votes = 19,689 |percentage = 26.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan. H. Shan |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 17,624 |percentage = 23.95% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bapusaheb. R. Patil |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,038 |percentage = 5.49% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uttam. P. Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 895 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sudhir. A. Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 456 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,969 |percentage = 14.91% |change = {{increase}}2.81 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 78,669 |percentage = 69.24% |change = {{decrease}}2.57 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 73,574}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,095 |percentage = 6.48% |change = {{increase}}5.01 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,620 |ref = |change = {{increase}}27.81 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}11.92 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1985 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. L. Patil|Vasanthrao Lakangouda Patil]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 33,707 |percentage = 53.59% |change = {{decrease}}8.99 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Huddar Yashawant Bhramappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,099 |percentage = 41.49% |change = {{increase}}4.07 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kharade Pandu Ramu |party = Independent politician |votes = 911 |percentage = 1.45% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karoli Vijay Sattenna |party = Independent politician |votes = 477 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sukhadev Narayan Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 407 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,608 |percentage = 12.10% |change = {{decrease}}13.06 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,840 |percentage = 71.81% |change = {{decrease}}0.40 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,902}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 938 |percentage = 1.47% |change = {{decrease}}1.09 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,900 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.82 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}8.99 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1983 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[V. L. Patil|Vasanthrao Lakangouda Patil]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 35,007 |percentage = 62.58% |change = {{increase}}23.04 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Annarao Balappa Jakanur |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,933 |percentage = 37.42% |change = {{increase}}28.04 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,074 |percentage = 25.16% |change = {{increase}}13.63 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,411 |percentage = 72.21% |change = {{decrease}}3.86 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,940}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,471 |percentage = 2.56% |change = {{decrease}}0.30 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,506 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.59 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}11.50 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1978 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Annarao Balappa Jakanur |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 27,892 |percentage = 51.08% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Padanad Parappa Laxman |party = Janata Party |votes = 21,593 |percentage = 39.54% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Prataprao Alagouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 5,123 |percentage = 9.38% |change = {{decrease}}57.42 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,299 |percentage = 11.53% |change = {{decrease}}25.62 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,215 |percentage = 76.07% |change = {{increase}}28.73 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 54,608}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,607 |percentage = 2.86% |change = {{increase}}2.86 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,898 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.96 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}15.72 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1972 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kittur Ragunath Dhulappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,643 |percentage = 66.80% |change = {{decrease}}12.88 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karale Laxman Bhimappa |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 8,718 |percentage = 29.65% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram Dadoba Kamble |party = Independent politician |votes = 756 |percentage = 2.57% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. M. Phakire |party = Independent politician |votes = 289 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,925 |percentage = 37.15% |change = {{decrease}}27.70 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,170 |percentage = 47.34% |change = {{increase}}5.21 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,406}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,729 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.14 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.88 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1967 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. C. Peeraji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,544 |percentage = 79.68% |change = {{increase}}13.35 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. S. Pradhani |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 3,451 |percentage = 14.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. B. Rama |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,018 |percentage = 4.37% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. S. Jakkappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 260 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,093 |percentage = 64.85% |change = {{increase}}23.85 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,378 |percentage = 42.13% |change = {{decrease}}19.22 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 23,273}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,860 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.94 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}13.35 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kagwad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Shankaragaud Veeranagoud Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,302 |percentage = 66.33% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jinadatta Gundappa Desai |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 7,371 |percentage = 25.33% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sampatrao Pradhanji Talawalkar |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,249 |percentage = 7.73% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram Satu Mahar |party = Independent politician |votes = 177 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,931 |percentage = 41.00% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,154 |percentage = 61.35% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 29,099}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,782 |ref = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Athani Taluk]]<br />
* [[Belagavi district]]<br />
* [[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Belagavi district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1961]]<br />
[[Category:1961 establishments in Mysore State]]<br />
{{coord|16.69|74.72|display=title}}</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rochak_Kohli&diff=530698Rochak Kohli2026-03-23T03:23:20Z<p>Samwaterman2016: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian music director}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Rochak Kohli<br />
| image = <br />
| birth_date =<br />
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], India<br />
| education = [[Panjab University]]<br />
| occupation = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Music director]]<br />
* Creative head of [[BIG FM 92.7|BigFM 92.7]]}}<br />
| yearsactive = 2002–2007 (theatre & music) <br /> 2005–2013 (radio) <br /> 2012 – present (Music composer & Singer)<br />
| known_for = [[Vicky Donor]], [[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]], [[Good Newwz]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Sukriti Vadhera|2009}}<br />
| children =<br />
}}<br />
'''Rochak Kohli''' is an Indian [[music director]] for [[Bollywood]] films. He wrote the song 'Karan's Saddle Point'. He made his music debut in [[Shoojit Sircar]]'s romantic comedy ''[[Vicky Donor]]'' with "[[Pani Da Rang]]". He is known for songs like "Paaniyon Sa" from ''[[Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]'', "Tera Yaar Hoon Main" from ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'', "Lae Dooba" from ''[[Aiyaary]].''<br />
<br />
Kohli is former national creative head of the radio station [[BIG FM 92.7]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/musical-rendezvous/rochak-kohli-advertisers-expect-a-lot-radio|title=Rochak Kohli: "Advertisers expect a lot from radio"|website=radioandmusic.com|access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early and personal life ==<br />
Kohli was born into a Punjabi family in [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab]].{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} He is a qualified lawyer and completed his [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] (Bachelor of Law) from [[Panjab University]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Har Gully Mein Rochak Kohli|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/life-style/har-gully-mein-rochak-kohli-422841/|website=The Tribune|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en}}</ref> He married his longtime girlfriend Sukriti Vadhera in November 2009.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} They have a son together and his name is Eklavya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rochak Kohli: Vishal Dadlani is a multi-talented man with a great attitude|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/rochak-kohlivishal-dadlani-is-a-multi-talented-man-with-a-great-attitude/articleshow/47815527.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2015-06-26|access-date=2025-11-29|issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
{{cleanup section|date=March 2021|reason=dates in reverse chronological order, contrary to [[WP:DATELIST]].}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br />
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger}}<br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Song<br />
! Film title<br />
! Singer(s)<br />
!Lyrics(s)<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|2012<br />
|"Pani da Rang"<br />
|rowspan=4|''[[Vicky Donor]]''<br />
|[[Ayushmann Khurrana]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Ayushmann Khurrana, Rochak Kohli <br />
|rowspan=2|co-composer and co-lyricist with Ayushmann Khurrana <br />
|-<br />
|"Pani Da Rang (Female)"<br />
|Sukanya Purkayastha <br />
|-<br />
|"Kho Jaane De"<br />
|[[Clinton Cerejo]], [[Aditi Singh Sharma]]<br />
|[[Juhi Chaturvedi]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Chaddha"<br />
|Rahul Sharma<br />
|[[Vijay Maurya]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2013<br />
|"Sadi Gal Aaja"<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Nautanki Saala]]''<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana, [[Neeti Mohan]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Ayushmann Khurrana, Rochak Kohli, Gurpreet Saini <br />
| rowspan="2"|Co-composed with [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Sadi Gali Aaja (Unplugged)"<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6"|2015<br />
|"Hawaizaada Dil"<br />
|rowspan="3"|''[[Hawaizaada]]''<br />
|Rochak Kholi<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Vibhu Puri]]<br />
|Debut as a singer <br />
|-<br />
|"Turram Khan"<br />
|[[Papon (singer)|Papon]], Ayushmann Khurrana <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Daak Ticket"<br />
|[[Mohit Chauhan]], [[Javed Bashir]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Lalla Lalla Lori"<br />
|rowspan="3"|''[[Welcome 2 Karachi]]''<br />
|[[Vishal Dadlani]], Shivangi R. Kashyap <br />
|rowspan=2|Rochak Kohli <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Boat Ma Kukdookoo<br />
|[[Mika Singh]], Rochak Kohli, Deane Sequeira, Shivangi R. Kashyap <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Mera Yaar Funtastic"<br />
|[[Alamgir Khan (singer)|Alamgir Khan]]<br />
|[[Sameer Anjaan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|2016<br />
|"Atrangi Yaari"<br />
|''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]''<br />
|[[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Farhan Akhtar]]<br />
|Gurpreet Saini, Deepak Ramola <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Har Gully Mein Dhoni Hai"<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story]]''<br />
|Rochak Kohli <br />
|[[Manoj Muntashir]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Ulagam Engum Dhoni Ye"<br />
|[[S. P. B. Charan]]<br />
|[[Pa. Vijay]]<br />
|Tamil Dub <br />
|-<br />
|"Hey Fugay"<br />
|''[[Fugay]]''<br />
|[[Siddharth Mahadevan]], [[Avdhoot Gupte]]<br />
|Mandar Cholkar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="14"|2017<br />
|"Miliyo Re"<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Monsoon Shootout]]''<br />
|Rochak Kohli, [[Monali Thakur]]<br />
|Deepak Ramola <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Pal"<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|Sumant Vadhera <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Tu Chale Toh"<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Qarib Qarib Single]]''<br />
|Papon<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Hussain Haidry]]<br />
|<ref name=qarib>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/qarib-qarib-singlle-soundtrack-enjoyable-with-a-hint-of-dj-vu/article20445659.ece|title=Qarib Qarib Singlle soundtrack: enjoyable with a hint of déjà vu|first=Vipin|last=Nair|date=14 November 2017|access-date=7 May 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|"Tanha Begum"<br />
|[[Antara Mitra]], Neeti Mohan, Rochak Kohli <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Meer-E-Karwaan"<br />
|''[[Lucknow Central]]''<br />
|[[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]], Neeti Mohan<br />
|Adeesh Verma <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Rozana"<br />
|rowspan="6"|''[[Naam Shabana]]''<br />
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
|rowspan=3|Manoj Muntashir <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Zinda"<br />
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Zubi Zubi"<br />
|[[Sukriti Kakkar]], Rochak Kohli <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Naalumaney"<br />
|[[Chinmayi Sripadaa]]<br />
|rowspan=3|Rajesh Malarvannan <br />
|rowspan=3|Tamil Dub <br />
|-<br />
|Yeadho Konjamey"<br />
|Janani Madan <br />
|-<br />
|"Zubi Zubi - Tamil"<br />
| Rita, Rochak Kohli <br />
|-<br />
|"Tashreef"<br />
|rowspan="3"|''[[Bank Chor]]''<br />
|rowspan=2|Rochak Kohli<br />
|rowspan=2|Adheesh Verma<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Tashreef (Unplugged)"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Jai Baba Bank Chor"<br />
|[[Nakash Aziz]]<br />
|Gautam Govind Sharma <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="10"|2018<br />
|"Nain Na Jodeen"<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Badhaai Ho]]''<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana, [[Neha Kakkar]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Nain Na Jodeen (2nd version)"<br />
|[[Akhil Sachdeva]]<br />
| used as single picturised on singer Akhil Sachdeva and model Ruhi Singh<br />
|-<br />
|"[[Dekhte Dekhte]]"<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Batti Gul Meter Chalu]]''<br />
|[[Atif Aslam]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Manoj Muntashir <br />
|rowspan=2|Remake<br />
|-<br />
|"Dekhte Dekhte (Film Version)"<br />
|[[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Paaniyon Sa"<br />
|''[[Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]'' <br />
|Atif Aslam, [[Tulsi Kumar]]<br />
|rowspan=3|Kumaar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Lakk Mera Hit"<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]''<br />
|[[Sukriti Kakkar]], [[Mannat Noor]], Rochak Kohli <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Tera Yaar Hoon Main"<br />
|Arijit Singh <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Lae Dooba" <br />
|rowspan="3"|''[[Aiyaary]]''<br />
|Sunidhi Chauhan <br />
|rowspan=3|Manoj Muntashir <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Lae Dooba (2nd Version)"<br />
|[[Asees Kaur]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Shuru Kar"<br />
|Amit Mishra, [[Neha Bhasin]], Rochak Kohli <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="25" |2019<br />
|Dil Na Jaaneya <br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Good Newwz]]''<br />
|Rochak Kohli, [[Lauv]], [[Akasa Singh]]<br />
|Gurpreet Saini, [[Ari Leff]], Michael Pollock <br />
|Along with Lauv<br />
|-<br />
|Dil Na Jaaneya (Unplugged)<br />
|Arijit Singh <br />
|Gurpreet Saini<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tu Hi Yaar Mera<br />
|rowspan=3|''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]''<br />
|Arijit Singh, Neha Kakkar <br />
|rowspan=4|Kumaar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tu Hi Yaar Mera (Film Version)<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Armaan Malik]]<br />
|Not released <br />
|-<br />
|Udd Gaye <br />
|Used in the film<br/>Not released <br />
|-<br />
|Pyaar Ka Satellite<br />
|''[[Satellite Shankar]]''<br />
|Rochak Kohli, [[Amit Gupta]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jako Raake Saiyaan<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Batla House]]''<br />
|[[Navraj Hans]], Rochak Kohli <br />
|rowspan=3|Gurpreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma <br />
|Remake<br />
|-<br />
|TBA <br />
|Armaan Malik<br />
|Not released <br />
|-<br />
|Bheege Mann<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]''<br />
|Altamash Faridi <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Udd Ja<br />
|[[Tochi Raina]]<br />
|rowspan=3|Kumaar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dil Royi Jaaye<br />
|''[[De De Pyaar De]]''<br />
|Arijit Singh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Yaaram <br />
|''[[Yaaram]]''<br />
|[[Yasser Desai]], Chitralekha Sen <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rhimjhim Gire Sawan <br />
|rowspan=6|''[[Music Teacher (film)|Music Teacher]]''<br />
|Shreya Ghoshal, Papon <br />
|Yogesh<br />
|rowspan=6|Solo Composer<br/>[[Netflix]] film<br />
|-<br />
|Phir Wahi Raat <br />
|rowspan=2|Papon<br />
|[[Gulzar]]<br />
|-<br />
|Ik Mod (Male)<br />
|rowspan=2|Adheesh Verma <br />
|-<br />
|Ik Mod (Female)<br />
|rowspan=2|Neeti Mohan <br />
|-<br />
|Sambhaal Rakhiyan (Female)<br />
|rowspan=7|Gurpreet Saini <br />
|-<br />
|Sambhaal Rakhiyan (Male)<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]] <br />
|-<br />
|Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (Remake)<br />
|rowspan=5|''[[Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga]]''<br />
|[[Darshan Raval]]<br />
|rowspan=5|Solo Composer <br />
|-<br />
|Gud Naal Ishq Mitha (Remake)<br />
|[[Harshdeep Kaur]], Navraj Hans <br />
|-<br />
|Good Morning <br />
|Vishal Dadlani, Shannon Donald <br />
|-<br />
|Chitthiye<br />
|Kanwar Grewal <br />
|-<br />
|House Party Song <br />
|[[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Arjun Kanungo]], Parry G <br />
|-<br />
|"Dil Mein Ho Tum"<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Why Cheat India]]''<br />
|Armaan Malik<br />
|rowspan=2|Manoj Muntashir <br />
|rowspan=2|Remake<br />
|-<br />
|"Dil Mein Ho Tum (Female)"<br />
|Tulsi Kumar <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 2020<br />
|Dil Tera<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Indoo Ki Jawani]]''<br />
|[[Benny Dayal]], Neeti Mohan <br />
|rowspan=3|Gurpreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Single Ladies <br />
|[[Sukhe]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tujhe Rab Mana<br />
|''[[Baaghi 3]]''<br />
|[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9"| 2021<br />
|Raja Boy<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Velle (film)|Velle]]''<br />
|[[Mika Singh]], Vayu<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Vayu Srivastav|Vayu]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Yaaron Ka Bulava<br />
|Armaan Malik, Asees Kaur <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Meri Zindagi Hai Tu<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Satyameva Jayate 2]]''<br />
|Jubin Nautiyal, Neeti Mohan <br />
|rowspan=4|Manoj Muntashir <br />
|rowspan=2|Remake<br />
|-<br />
|Meri Zindagi Hai Tu - Female <br />
|Neeti Mohan <br />
|-<br />
|Jaane De<br />
|rowspan="4"|''[[Koi Jaane Na]]''<br />
|[[B Praak]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zindagi Ki Yehi Reet Hai<br />
|Soumitra Dev Burman <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rabb Manneya<br />
|[[Lakhwinder Wadali]], Neeti Mohan <br />
|rowspan=2|Manoj Muntashir, Sham Deewana <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rabb Manneya (2nd Version)<br />
|Atif Aslam<br />
|Not released <br />
|-<br />
|Thok De Killi<br />
|''[[Time to Dance]]''<br />
|Navraj Hans<br />
|rowspan=5|Kumaar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |2022<br />
|Chup Ke Chup Ke <br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Mister Mummy]]''<br />
|rowspan=2|Armaan Malik, Shilpa Rao, Rochak Kohli<br />
|rowspan=2|Remake<br />
|-<br />
|Chup Ke Chup Ke (Film Version)<br />
|-<br />
|Jaau Jaan Se<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Phone Bhoot (2022 film)|Phone Bhoot]]''<br />
|rowspan=2|Rochak Kohli, [[Lisa Mishra]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jaau Jaan Se (Chill Mix)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hello<br />
|''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''<br />
|Rochak Kohli <br />
|Gurpreet Saini<br />
|[[Disney Plus Hotstar]] film<br />
|-<br />
|Dil De Diya<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Thank God (film)|Thank God]]''<br />
|[[Anand Raj Anand]]<br />
|[[Rashmi Virag]]<br />
|Remake<br />
|-<br />
|Thank God - Title Track <br />
|Arijit Singh <br />
|Manoj Muntashir <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|TBA<br />
|''[[Dhokha: Round D Corner]]''<br />
|<br />
|Gurpreet Saini <br />
|Dropped from the album <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2023<br />
|Pasoori Nu<br />
|''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]''<br />
|Arijit Singh, Tulsi Kumar <br />
|Gurpreet Saini, [[Ali Sethi]] <br />
|Remake of "[[Pasoori]]" by Ali Sethi <br />
|-<br />
|Maati Ko Maa Kehte Hain<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Mission Majnu]]''<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Sonu Nigam]]<br />
|rowspan=3|Manoj Muntashir <br />
|rowspan=2|[[Netflix]] film<br />
|-<br />
|Maati Ko Maa Kehte Hain - Extended Version<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="13" |2024<br />
|Zid Na Kaaro<br />
|''[[Dedh Bigha Zameen]]''<br />
|[[Stebin Ben]]<br />
|[[JioCinema]] film<br/>Remake <br />
|-<br />
|Jaavi Na <br />
|rowspan=7|''[[Ishq Vishk Rebound]]''<br />
|Darshan Raval, [[Jasleen Royal]]<br />
|Kumaar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ishq Vishk Pyaar Vyaar <br />
|Sonu Nigam, [[Nikhita Gandhi]], MellowD <br />
|rowspan=4|Gurpreet Saini <br />
|rowspan=2|Remade from the [[Ishq Vishk|prequel]]<br />
|-<br />
|Chot Dil Pe Lagi <br />
|Asees Kaur, Varun Jain <br />
|-<br />
|Soni Soni<br />
|Darshan Raval, Jonita Gandhi <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rehmat (Rebound)<br />
|[[Rekha Bhardwaj]], Rochak Kohli<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rehmat <br />
|Jubin Nautiyal<br />
|rowspan=4|Gurpreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rehmat (ALT)<br />
|Rochak Kohli<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Haule Haule<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Bad Newz (film)|Bad Newz]]''<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Haule Sajna <br />
|[[Ammy Virk]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chal Ve Dilla<br />
|''[[Khel Khel Mein (2024 film)|Khel Khel Mein]]''<br />
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br />
|Kumaar <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Khwaish Poori<br />
|rowspan="2" |''[[Call Me Bae]]''<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]], Rochak Kohli<br />
| rowspan="2" |Gurpreet Saini<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Amazon Prime Video]] series <br />
|-<br />
|Khwaish Adhoori<br />
|Akanksha Sethi<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=5|2025<br />
|"Tumhe Dillagi" <br />
|''[[Raid 2 (film)|Raid 2]]''<br />
|Jubin Nautiyal <br />
| Manoj Muntashir, [[Purnam Allahabadi]], [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]]<br />
|Remake<br />
|-<br />
|"Jab Tu Sajan"<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Aap Jaisa Koi]]''<br />
|[[Mohit Chauhan]]<br />
|rowspan=4|Gurpreet Saini <br />
|rowspan=2|[[Netflix]] film <br />
|-<br />
|"Dhuan Dhuan"<br />
|[[Sanjith Hegde]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Preet Re"<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Dhadak 2]]''<br />
|Darshan Raval, Jonita Gandhi <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Yeh Kaisa Ishq"<br />
|Rochak Kohli <br />
|Also as a playback singer <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Non-film songs==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Song<br />
!Singer(s)<br />
!Lyrics<br />
!Cast<br />
!Language<br />
!Note(s)<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
!scope="row"|Jiya Laage Na<br />
|[[Mohit Chauhan]], [[Shilpa Rao]]<br />
|<br />
|Isha Malviya, [[Parth Samthaan]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
!scope="row"|Mast Nazron Se<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|[[Manoj Muntashir]]<br />
| Jubin Nautiyal, [[Nikita Dutta]]<br />
|rowspan="20"|[[Hindi]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|Released on [[T-Series (company)|T-Series YouTube Channel]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2021<br />
!Barsaat Ki Dhun<br />
|[[Rashmi Virag]]<br />
|[[Gurmeet Choudhary]], [[Karishma Sharma]]<br />
|-<br />
!Tujhe Bhoolna Toh Chaha<br />
| rowspan="2"| Manoj Muntashir<br />
|Jubin Nautiyal, Abhishek Singh, Sameera Khan<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Main Jis Din Bhulaa Du<br />
|Jubin Nautiyal, [[Tulsi Kumar]]<br />
|Jubin Nautiyal, [[Himansh Kohli]], [[Sneha]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|2020<br />
!Meri Aashiqui<br />
|Jubin Nautiyal<br />
|Rashmi Virag<br />
|Jubin Nautiyal, Ihana Dhillion<br />
|rowspan="2"|Released on [[T-Series (company)|T-Series YouTube Channel]]<br />
|-<br />
!Bewafai<br />
|[[Sachet-Parampara|Sachet Tandon]]<br />
|Manoj Muntashir<br />
|Faisu, Musskan Sethi & Aadil Khan<br />
|-<br />
!Mausama<br />
|Gurpreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma<br />
|rowspan=2|Rochak Kohli<br />
|[[Wamiqa Gabbi]], [[Priyanshu Painyuli]]<br />
|Released on Rochak Kohli YouTube Channel<br />
|-<br />
!Yeh Saari Baat<br />
|Srishti Ganguli Rindani & Ritvik Sahore<br />
| Anubhav Bhadauria, Gurpreet Saini, Gautam G Sharma<br />
|Released on Rochak Kohli YouTube Channel<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2018<br />
!Chan Kitthan<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana<br />
|<br />
|[[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Pranitha Subhash]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Jaane Yeh Kyun Kiya<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
!Man Marziyan<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2015<br />
!Maa<br />
|[[Mika Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|Mika Singh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Yahin Hoon Main<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana<br />
|<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana, [[Yami Gautam]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2014<br />
!Mitti Di Khushboo<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana<br />
|<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana, [[Huma Qureshi]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Music Dil Mein<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|Promotional song for World music day on [[9XM]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2013<br />
!O Heeriye<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana<br />
|<br />
|Ayushmann Khurrana, [[Rhea Chakraborty]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Living with KKR<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
!Suno Sunao<br />
|Rochak Kohli<br />
|<br />
|Radio Song<br />
|Radio FM <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Background score==<br />
* ''[[Welcome 2 Karachi]]'' (2015)<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year !! Category !! Song and Film !! Result !! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="5" |[https://www.iifa.com/home '''IIFA Awards 2019''']<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|Best Music Direction<br />
|''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]''<br />
|Winner<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/iifa-awards-2019-ranveer-singh-wins-best-actor-for-padmaavat-alia-bhatt-bags-best-actress-for-raazi-complete-list-of-winners/story-OkiWaQbmk8sKMyvHZoAulI.html|title=IIFA Awards 2019: Ranveer Singh wins best actor for Padmaavat, Alia Bhatt bags best actress for Raazi. Complete list of winners|date=19 September 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref><br />
|- style="background:#ddd; "<br />
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center; "| '''[[Mirchi Music Awards]]'''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 | [[5th Mirchi Music Awards|2012]] || [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Music Composer of The Year|Upcoming Music Composer of The Year]] || rowspan=2 | "[[Pani Da Rang]] (Male)" - ''[[Vicky Donor]]'' || rowspan=2 {{nominated}} || rowspan=2 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2012/hindi/nomination.html|title=Nominations - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2012|website=www.radiomirchi.com|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Lyricist of The Year|Upcoming Lyricist of The Year]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{twitter|RochakTweets}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kohli, Rochak}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male composers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabhi_Alvida_Naa_Kehna&diff=473957Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna2026-03-22T17:29:47Z<p>Samwaterman2016: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2006 film by Karan Johar}}<br />
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna.jpg<br />
| alt = Theatrical release poster featuring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], and [[Preity Zinta]] against a blue-toned background with the film title and tagline.<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Karan Johar]]<br />
| producer = Hiroo Yash Johar<br />
| screenplay = Karan Johar<br/>[[Shibani Bathija]] {{infobox | decat=yes | child=yes <br />
| label1=Dialogues by | data1=[[Niranjan Iyengar]]<br />
}}<br />
| story = Karan Johar<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]]<br />
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]]<br />
* [[Abhishek Bachchan]]<br />
* [[Rani Mukerji]]<br />
* [[Preity Zinta]]<br />
* [[Kirron Kher]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Anil Mehta]]<br />
| editing = Sanjay Sankla<br />
| studio = [[Dharma Productions]]<br />
| distributor = [[Yash Raj Films]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|2006|08|11|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 192 minutes<ref>{{cite web |title=''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' (12A) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-1970-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208233131/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-1970-1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2015 |work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref><br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = {{INRConvert|50|c|year=2006}}<ref>{{cite web |title=A Rs 150 cr question |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/a-rs150cr-question/148355/0 |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=12 February 2006 |access-date=26 December 2010}}</ref><br />
| gross = {{INRConvert|113|c|year=2006}}<ref name="BOI gross">{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=364 |title=Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna |website=Box Office India}}</ref><ref name="Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna" /><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna''''' ({{translation|Never Say Goodbye}}), also abbreviated as '''''KANK''''', is a 2006 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Musical film|musical]] [[Romance film#Romantic drama|romantic drama]] film written and directed by [[Karan Johar]], based on script contributions by [[Shibani Bathija]] and [[Niranjan Iyengar]], and produced by Hiroo Yash Johar in her debut under the [[Dharma Productions]] banner. The film features an [[Ensemble cast|ensemble cast]] of [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Preity Zinta]] and [[Kirron Kher]]. Set primarily in [[New York City]], the narrative explores themes of [[Infidelity|marital infidelity]], emotional dissatisfaction, and dysfunctional relationships, and was promoted with the tagline "A Love... That Broke All Relationships."<ref>{{cite web |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509037 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213020958/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509037 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=20 January 2015 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> The film marked a notable departure from Johar's earlier family-centric dramas, opting for a more mature and controversial storyline.<br />
<br />
The film follows Dev and Maya, two individuals in unhappy marriages who form a deep emotional connection that develops into an [[Affair#Extramarital affair|extramarital affair]], challenging conventional ideas of love and commitment. [[Principal photography]] took place over a 90-day schedule across various locations in the [[United States]], with cinematography by [[Anil Mehta]]. The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], with lyrics by [[Javed Akhtar]].<br />
<br />
Released theatrically in India on 11 August 2006, the film received mixed-to-positive reviews. While its portrayal of infidelity drew criticism, the performances, cinematography, dialogues, costume design, and music were widely praised. The film emerged as the [[List of Hindi films of 2006|fourth highest-grossing Hindi film of 2006]] in India and, at the time, the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets#Highest-grossing films by year|highest-grossing Indian film in overseas markets]], grossing ₹1.13 billion (US$37 million) worldwide.<ref name="Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna">{{cite news |last1=Bamzai |first1=Kaveree |date=30 October 2006 |title=Bollywood hits overseas box office in 2006 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/20061030-bollywood-hits-overseas-box-office-in-2006-784334-2006-10-30 |access-date=30 January 2012 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref name="currency">{{cite web |year=2006 |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2007&locations=IN&start=2006 |access-date=15 January 2019 |website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> The film was released in over 1,200 cinemas across more than 20 countries—one of the widest international releases for a Hindi film at the time—and was screened at the [[2006 Toronto International Film Festival|31st Toronto International Film Festival]] and the 19th [[Tokyo International Film Festival]].<ref name="sify.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: KANK goes to Toronto |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/11sld1.htm |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-09-21 |title=KANK chosen for Tokyo film festival |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/kank-chosen-for-tokyo-film-festival/story-6QpRTvIfP3fxBUIUJwWBJL.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929203253/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/kank-chosen-for-tokyo-film-festival/story-6QpRTvIfP3fxBUIUJwWBJL.html |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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The film received [[List of accolades received by Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna|multiple accolades]] and led the [[52nd Filmfare Awards]] with 23 nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Johar), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Khan), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Mukerji) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Zinta), winning [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] for Abhishek Bachchan. Marking his third consecutive award in the category, he became the only actor after [[Dilip Kumar]] to [[Hat-trick|hattrick]] at the [[Filmfare Awards]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |author=IndiaFM News Bureau |date=24 February 2007 |title=52nd FairOne Filmfare Awards 2006 winners |url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2007/02/24/2298/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306034628/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2007/02/24/2298/index.html |archive-date=6 March 2007 |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Dev Saran, a professional [[Association football|soccer]] player in [[New York City]], lives with his wife Rhea, son Arjun, and widowed mother, Kamaljit ("Kamal"). Maya, a [[Teacher|schoolteacher]] and [[orphan]], is preparing to marry her closest friend, Rishi Talwar, who was raised by his wealthy and flamboyant father, Samarjit ("Sam"). On the day of her wedding, Maya meets Dev by chance. Though strangers, they form an immediate emotional connection. As he leaves, Dev is hit by a car, which ends his athletic career.<br />
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Four years later, Dev is embittered by his lost career and insecure about Rhea's growing success as a [[Fashion journalism|fashion magazine]] [[Editor-in-chief|editor]]. He works as a junior soccer coach but struggles to bond with Arjun, who would rather play the [[violin]]. Maya feels emotionally disconnected from Rishi and struggles with her [[infertility]]. After Sam and Kamal befriend each other, Dev and Maya reconnect and develop a friendship based on shared marital frustrations. As Rhea and Rishi begin working together, Dev and Maya grow closer and (hilariously) attempt to repair their marriages, but without success. Their relationship intensifies.<br />
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After the couple's [[anniversary]] dinners, things come to a head. Rhea reveals she was offered a promotion in [[London]] and Dev, assuming she accepted it, accuses her of being self-centered and showing off. Hurt, Rhea reveals she turned it down for the sake of their family and confronts Dev over his resentment and detachment. Meanwhile, Rishi expresses frustration with Maya's emotional distance and her inability to have children.<br />
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Dev and Maya meet at a [[train station]] and confess their love. They begin an [[affair]] but struggle with guilt as their spouses try to save their marriages. Their secret is exposed when Sam and Kamal discover them in an embrace. That night, Sam suffers a fatal [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]]. On his deathbed, he urges Maya to leave Rishi so they can both pursue happiness. After Sam's death, Dev and Maya end their affair and confess to their spouses. Rhea and Rishi divorce them. Kamal remains with Rhea and Arjun. Dev and Maya part ways, each pretending to have moved on. Maya relocates to [[Philadelphia]], and both remain alone.<br />
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Three years later, Rishi visits Maya, revealing that he has forgiven her and is remarrying. At his wedding, Maya encounters Rhea (who is also friends with Rishi's second wife), who is now dating her boss, Jai. Rhea and Rishi encourage Maya to find Dev. Learning he is leaving for [[Toronto]], she rushes to the train station. Dev sees her but avoids contact, believing she is still with Rishi. As the train departs, however, he notices Maya's tears, pulls the [[Emergency brake (train)|emergency brake]], and they reconcile. In a closing [[Voice-over|voiceover]], Dev reflects that although he and Maya found happiness together, they continue to carry the guilt of the pain they caused along the way.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
*[[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Samarjit "Sam" Talwar – Rishi's father and Maya's father-in-law.<br />
*[[Shah Rukh Khan]] as Dev Saran – Rhea's husband, Arjun's father, and Kamaljit's son.<br />
*[[Abhishek Bachchan]] as Rishi Talwar – Maya's husband and Samarjit's son <br />
*[[Rani Mukerji]] as Maya Talwar – Rishi's wife and Samarjit's daughter-in-law.<br />
*[[Preity Zinta]] as Rhea Saran – Dev's wife, Arjun's mother, and Kamaljit's daughter-in-law.<br />
*[[Kirron Kher]] as Kamaljit "Kamal" Saran – Dev's mother, Rhea's mother-in-law, and Arjun's grandmother.<br />
*[[Ahsaas Channa]] as Arjun Saran – Dev and Rhea's son and Kamaljit's grandson.<br />
*[[Arjun Rampal]] as Jai Mehra – Rhea's boss.<br />
*[[Saira Mohan]] as Catherine Talwar – Rishi's colleague and second wife, and Rhea and Jai's friend.<br />
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=== Cameo appearances ===<br />
<br />
*[[Kajol]] in a special appearance in the song "Rock 'N' Roll Soniye".<br />
*[[John Abraham]] as a DJ in the song "Where’s The Party Tonight?".<br />
*[[Karan Johar]] as a train passenger in the final sequence.<br />
*[[Ayan Mukerji]] as a train passenger in the song "Tumhi Dekho Naa".<br />
*[[Tarun Mansukhani]] (uncredited) as Rishi's colleague.<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
=== Development ===<br />
Initially titled ''Kalank'', the film was eventually renamed after the lyric ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' from the [[Kishore Kumar]] song “Chalte Chalte Mere Yeh Geet Yaad Rakhna” featured in the 1976 film [[Chalte Chalte (1976 film)|''Chalte Chalte'']]. This title was also initially considered for [[Karan Johar]]'s 2003 film ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'', which he wrote and was briefly supposed to direct but instead marked the directorial debut of [[Nikkhil Advani|Nikhil Advani]]. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Fun facts about 'Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/web-stories/fun-facts-about-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-1051 |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Mid-day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2010 |title=Bollywood titles: Now a song, now a film |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/city-times/bollywood-titles-now-a-song-now-a-film |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=[[Khaleej Times]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> The title ''Kalank'' was eventually retained by Johar for a [[Kalank|2019 film of the same name]] he produced alongside [[Sajid Nadiadwala]] and [[Star Studio18|Fox Star Studios]], which was directed by [[Abhishek Varman]] and was envisioned by him in 2004.<br />
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The film was written and directed by Johar on the basis of his original story and a screenplay he developed alongside writer [[Shibani Bathija]], who later provided the story for ''Kalank''. The dialogues were penned by [[Niranjan Iyengar]].<ref name="SRKANK">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2021 |title=15 years of Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna: How a real-life divorce gave Karan Johar the idea for his 'extremely special' film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/15-years-of-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-how-karan-johar-got-the-idea-for-his-extremely-special-film-7448627/lite/ |access-date=12 December 2021 |website=Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
Johar drew inspiration from real-life experiences and cinematic influences. He cited witnessing a married couple part amicably at a [[London]] café, his own emotional setbacks, and the [[Richard Linklater]] film ''[[Before Sunset]]'' (2004) as key triggers that shaped the story's emotional depth and unconventional premise.<ref name="SRKANK" /><br />
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The project was produced by Hiroo Yash Johar, marking her debut as a producer under the [[Dharma Productions]] banner. Long-time collaborators [[Farah Khan]] (choreography), [[Manish Malhotra]] (costume design), and [[Sharmishta Roy]] (production design) returned to shape the film's visual aesthetic, continuing their creative association with Johar. [[MAC Cosmetics]] contributed significantly to the styling and makeup for the principal cast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=Title track had 18 changes for Rani: Manish Malhotra recalls designing for Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-15-years-manish-malhotra-karan-johar-shah-rukh-khan-rani-mukerji-preity-zinta-abhishek-bachchan-7450404/lite/ |access-date=22 November 2021 |website=Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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Continuing a trend seen in Johar's previous works—''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]'' (2001) and ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (2003)—the film featured a four-word title beginning with the letter “K.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=5 February 2022 |title=The K. Jo Effect |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-k-jo-effect/222411/amp |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=Outlook India}}</ref><br />
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=== Casting ===<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
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| footer = The film starred [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Preity Zinta]], and [[Abhishek Bachchan]] in lead roles.<br />
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| image1 = Shah Rukh Khan promotes ‘Jab Harry Met Sejal’ in Delhi.jpg<br />
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| alt1 = [[Shah Rukh Khan]] posing indoors in a mesh-detailed black jacket over a grey shirt.<br />
| alt2 = [[Rani Mukerji]] wearing a white and gold saree with gold earrings, posing at a media event.<br />
| alt3 = [[Preity Zinta]] in a white tank top with black accents, standing in front of a movie poster backdrop.<br />
| alt4 = [[Abhishek Bachchan]] smiling in a black suit with an open-collared white shirt and layered necklaces at a public event.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Director [[Karan Johar]] initially intended to cast [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Kajol]], [[Rani Mukerji]], and [[Ajay Devgn]] in the principal roles of Dev, Maya, Rhea, and Rishi, respectively.<ref name="SRKANK" /> However, both Devgn and [[Saif Ali Khan]] declined the film due to their prior commitments to [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]'s [[Omkara (2006 film)|''Omkara'']] (2006), in which they played leading roles.<ref name=":5" /> Saif had previously collaborated with Johar on ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (2003) after [[Salman Khan]] declined the role of Rohit because he did not wish to "play second fiddle". Johar subsequently cast [[Abhishek Bachchan]] as Rishi after being impressed by his performance in ''[[Yuva]]'' (2004), marking Bachchan's first official collaboration with Dharma Productions after initially shooting for a cameo appearance in ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]'' (2001) which was edited out of the film.<ref name="SRKANK" /><br />
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The role of Maya was initially offered to Kajol, which was intended to mark her return to cinema after a five-year hiatus following ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]'' (2001). She declined the part due to creative disagreements and a prior commitment to [[Yash Raj Films]]' [[Fanaa (2006 film)|''Fanaa'']] (2006), which she found more compelling.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-07 |title=THROWBACK: When Kajol revealed why she rejected Rani Mukerji's role in Shah Rukh Khan's Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna; 'I just didn't agree…' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/throwback-when-kajol-revealed-why-she-rejected-rani-mukerjis-role-in-shah-rukh-khans-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-i-just-didnt-agree-1336575 |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> In an episode of [[List of Koffee with Karan episodes#Season 2 (2007)|''Koffee with Karan'']], Kajol also expressed discomfort with the film's treatment of extramarital relationships, stating, “Yes, there were some points I disagreed with. As a woman... I feel when you get married, you should want to work on it.”<ref name=":0" /> Despite turning down the role, she made a [[Cameo appearance|cameo]] appearance in the song “Rock 'N' Roll Soniye.”<br />
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Following Kajol's departure, Mukerji—who was originally cast as Rhea—was recast in the role of Maya, which she later described as “a turning point” in her life.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rani Mukerji says Karan Johar's Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna was a turning point in her life. Here's why |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/rani-mukerji-says-shah-rukh-khan-and-karan-johars-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-was-a-turning-point-in-her-life-heres-why-exclusive-2347871-2023-03-17 |access-date=15 September 2023 |website=India Today|date=17 March 2023 }}</ref> [[Preity Zinta]]—who had previously collaborated with Johar on ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (2003) after [[Kareena Kapoor]] refused the role of Naina due to a salary dispute with Johar—was subsequently brought in to portray Rhea, describing the role as a deliberate shift from her typically vivacious screen image: “I play this cold woman,” she explained, “which wasn’t easy for a warm person like me to do.”<ref name="bubbly image">{{cite web |date=17 March 2006 |title=I'm sick of my bubbly image: Preity Zinta |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/i-m-sick-of-my-bubbly-image-preity-zinta-news-bollywood-kkfvpnghabj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820031203/http://www.sify.com/movies/i-m-sick-of-my-bubbly-image-preity-zinta-news-bollywood-kkfvpnghabj.html |archive-date=20 August 2012 |access-date=5 November 2007 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Ameesha Patel]] was also considered for the role but declined due to scheduling conflicts.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
[[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Kirron Kher]] were cast as Samarjit ("Sam"), Rishi's father, and Kamaljit ("Kamal"), Dev's mother, respectively. [[Arjun Rampal]] was cast as Jai Mehra, Rhea's boss, replacing earlier considerations for [[John Abraham]]. Despite this, Abraham was later featured in a [[Cameo appearance|cameo]] as a DJ in the song “Where’s the Party Tonight?” Director [[Tarun Mansukhani]] also made a cameo appearance as one of Rishi's friends.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Aryan Khan's journey from being a child star to aspiring director: Here's all you need to know about Shah Rukh Khan's son |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/aryan-khans-journey-from-being-a-child-star-to-aspiring-director-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-shah-rukh-khans-son/articleshow/80478735.cms |access-date=23 October 2021 |work=The Times of India|date=3 October 2021 }}</ref><br />
<br />
The role of Dev and Rhea's young son, Arjun, was portrayed by [[Ahsaas Channa]], a female child actor known for convincingly playing young boys in earlier projects. The decision was considered unconventional, but her performance was well received.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUYh8YavveU |title=Ahsaas Channa on playing Shah Rukh Khan's son in 'Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna' #shorts #youtubeshorts |date=2024-12-26 |last=Bollywood Bubble |access-date=2025-04-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Riteish Deshmukh]] and Aryan Khan, Shah Rukh Khan's son, filmed cameo appearances that were ultimately removed during editing. Additionally, both Johar and his assistant director [[Ayan Mukerji]] appeared briefly on screen—Johar in the film's final train sequence seated behind Shah Rukh Khan, and Mukerji in the “Tumhi Dekho Naa” montage, where he stepped in as an extra due to a shortage of background performers. He appears wearing a green sweater and carrying gift boxes.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-08-28 |title=Fashion Friday: When Rani Mukerji wore six sensuous chiffon sarees in Tumhi Dekho Naa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/fashion/story/fashion-friday-when-rani-mukerji-wore-six-sensuous-chiffon-sarees-in-tumhi-dekho-naa-1716167-2020-08-28 |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Notably, the principal cast—excluding [[Abhishek Bachchan]]—had previously worked together in [[Yash Chopra]]'s ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' (2004).<ref>{{cite web |date=31 May 2023 |title=Amitabh Bachchan was nervous while shooting KANK, embarrassed Shah Rukh Khan questioned Karan Johar: 'What is this nonsense?' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-amitabh-bachchan-embarrassed-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-karan-johar-autobiography-8638403/lite/ |access-date=31 May 2023 |website=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=31 May 2023 |title=Karan Johar reveals most actors were awkward on the sets of Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/karan-johar-reveals-most-actors-were-awkward-on-the-sets-of-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna/articleshow/100649531.cms |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
[[File:Union Station New Haven waiting area.gk.jpg|thumb|A major portion of the film was shot at the [[Union Station (New Haven)|Union Station]] in [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]].|alt=<nowiki>Interior of [[Union Station]] in [[New Haven|New Haven, Connecticut]], showing arched windows, hanging globe lights, digital departure boards, and passengers seated or walking through the concourse. </nowiki>]]<br />
<br />
Although ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' is set in [[New York City]], a significant portion of the film was shot in the [[United States]], primarily in [[Connecticut]]. Key scenes were filmed in [[East Hartford]] and [[New Haven]], including a [[Association football|soccer]] game sequence at [[Pratt & Whitney Stadium at Rentschler Field|Rentschler Field]], home to the [[UConn Huskies football|UConn Huskies football team]], with the stadium's "UConn" logo visible in several shots. Scenes intended to depict [[Grand Central Terminal]] were filmed at New Haven's [[Union Station (New Haven)|Union Station]] and [[Philadelphia]]’s [[30th Street Station]]. The film was primarily shot over 90 days in the United States, with additional scenes completed on four custom-built sets in [[Mumbai]]. During the U.S. shoot, [[Rani Mukerji]] reportedly suffered from a severe skin allergy due to extreme weather conditions.<ref>{{cite web |title=KANK launch |url=http://www3.dharma-production.com/KANK/launch.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126060438/http://www3.dharma-production.com/KANK/launch.html |archive-date=26 November 2007 |access-date=31 January 2008 |website=KANI: Official website of Dharma Productions}}</ref><br />
<br />
One of the most challenging sequences to film was the song “Tumhi Dekho Naa,” which was shot across several iconic locations in and around New York City. Each color-themed segment corresponded to a specific location: blue at [[Columbia University]], yellow at [[Wall Street]], orange at [[Bear Mountain State Park]], pink at [[St. Patrick's Cathedral (New York City)|St. Patrick's Cathedral]], red at [[Landmarks of Hoboken, New Jersey#Pier A Park|Pier A Park]] in [[Hoboken, New Jersey]], and green at Union Station in New Haven. The red sequence was originally meant to include [[Rainmaking|artificial rain]], but freezing temperatures caused water droplets to turn into ice mid-air, creating safety risks. Instead, the scene was filmed on a sunny day using two hundred red umbrellas. The green segment faced a shortage of extras, requiring crew members—including [[assistant director]] [[Ayan Mukerji]]—to fill in.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
The freezing temperatures during the New York schedule caused further complications. During the same song, temperatures dropped to –14&nbsp;°C (7&nbsp;°F), causing significant discomfort for Mukerji, who was dressed in a [[Chiffon (fabric)|chiffon]] saree. The conditions were so harsh that she was unable to walk unassisted and had to be carried to her vehicle by her cousin Ayan Mukerji.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-02 |title=When Karan Johar nearly 'killed' Rani Mukerji during Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna shoot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/when-karan-johar-nearly-killed-rani-mukerji-during-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-shoot/articleshow/106482569.cms |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Despite these challenges, director [[Karan Johar]] continued the shoot as planned, making only minor adjustments to ensure safety.<br />
<br />
Due to a scheduling conflict, Johar delegated the direction of a key hotel scene to [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. Initially reluctant, Khan completed the sequence with remote guidance from [[Amitabh Bachchan]] over the phone.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
== Themes and analysis ==<br />
''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' explores themes of [[Infidelity|marital infidelity]], emotional dissatisfaction, and the complexities of modern relationships. The narrative follows Dev and Maya, both in unfulfilling marriages, who develop a deep emotional connection that leads to an [[Affair#Extramarital affair|extramarital affair]]. The film examines the notion of encountering a [[soulmate]] after marriage and the resulting emotional and familial consequences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2023 |title=Here's why Karan Johar had big fight with Aditya Chopra over SRK and Rani's sex scene in Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/karan-johar-had-big-fight-with-aditya-chopra-over-sex-scene-in-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-101677930471028-amp.html |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
Director [[Karan Johar]] cited a real-life incident he witnessed in [[London]], where a couple amicably ended their marriage, as a key inspiration for the story. This event, combined with thematic elements from [[Richard Linklater]]'s ''[[Before Sunset]]'' (2004), motivated Johar to explore the deeper dynamics of love, commitment, and the consequences of relationship choices.<ref name="SRKANK" /><br />
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Johar addressed criticisms suggesting that the film glorifies infidelity, clarifying that his intention was not to endorse extramarital affairs but to portray the emotional turmoil and consequences involved. In interviews, he emphasized that the film reflects the emotional complexity of contemporary relationships and the importance of understanding one's personal needs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |date=2024-01-14 |title='People said I endorsed infidelity through Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna' |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/entertainment/people-said-i-endorsed-infidelity-through-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-548158 |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-04 |title=ETimes Decoded: Revisiting Karan Johar's Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna, that blurred the lines between right and wrong when it came to love... |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/etimes-decoded-revisiting-karan-johars-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-that-blurred-the-lines-between-right-and-wrong-when-it-came-to-love-/articleshow/102401923.cms |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
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The film's themes align with earlier works such as [[Yash Chopra]]'s [[Silsila (1981 film)|''Silsila'']] (1981) and [[Mahesh Bhatt]]'s [[Arth (film)|''Arth'']] (1982), both of which tackled similar subject matter. Comparisons have also been drawn with [[Mike Nichols]]' [[Closer (film)|''Closer'']] (2004) and Johar's own production ''[[Gehraiyaan]]'' (2022), directed by [[Shakun Batra]], for their exploration of romantic conflict and moral ambiguity.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Gehraiyaan isn't Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna. It's millennial and love doesn't win |url=https://theprint.in/feature/reel-take/gehraiyaan-isnt-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-its-millennial-and-love-doesnt-win/827147/ |access-date=23 September 2022 |website=The Print}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Main|Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (soundtrack album)}}<br />
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The soundtrack of ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], with lyrics by [[Javed Akhtar]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-06-14 |title=Karan Johar on KANK's Music |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/karan-johar-on-kank-s-music-news-bollywood-kkfvjMicbgc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021100229/http://www.sify.com/movies/karan-johar-on-kank-s-music-news-bollywood-kkfvjMicbgc.html |archive-date=2012-10-21 |access-date=2011-08-17 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Karan Johar likes his English hooks' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/10sel.htm |access-date=2011-08-17 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> It marked their second collaboration with director [[Karan Johar]] after ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (2003). The soundtrack was released in the [[United Kingdom]] on 12 June 2006 and officially launched in India on 16 June 2006 during the [[7th IIFA Awards]] in [[Dubai]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-06-09 |title='Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna' music launch at I.I.F.A |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/2006-lowest-openers-in-u-k/ |access-date=2011-08-17 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> The album received widespread acclaim for its melodies, modern arrangements, and thematic resonance, particularly the songs "Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna", "Mitwa", and "Tumhi Dekho Naa", which became chart-topping hits.<ref name="rediff22">{{cite web |date=2006-06-21 |title=Great tunes from KANK |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/jun/16kank.htm |access-date=2011-08-17 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref><br />
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The soundtrack achieved strong commercial performance upon release. It debuted at number one on Indian music charts and remained at the top position for ten consecutive weeks. Competing with other popular soundtracks such as ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'', ''[[Krrish]]'', and ''[[Gangster: A Love Story]]'', it sold approximately 1.9 million units, according to ''[[Box Office India]]'', making it the second highest-selling Bollywood soundtrack of 2006, behind only ''[[Dhoom 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-09-01 |title=Top Ten albums of the week |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2006/09/01/1504/index.html |access-date=2011-08-17 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}{{dead link|date=July 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2009-01-22 |title=Music Hits 2000-2009 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122120910/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |archive-date=22 January 2009 |access-date=2011-08-17 |website=Box Office India}}</ref><br />
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== Release ==<br />
The [[teaser trailer]] for ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' was unveiled alongside the theatrical release of [[Fanaa (2006 film)|''Fanaa'']] on 26 May 2006, as part of the film's promotional campaign.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 June 2006 |title=Bonus treat with Aamir's Fanaa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bonus-treat-with-aamir-s-fanaa/story-yGgiHw6ioJE78njAClwZ2H.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The film premiered globally on 11 August 2006 and was released across more than 1,200 screens worldwide, marking one of the widest international releases for a Hindi-language film at the time.<ref name="sify.com">{{cite web |title=KANK opens in 1,200 screens |url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14257901 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930205532/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14257901 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=24 August 2007 |work=sify.com}}</ref><br />
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In the United States, the [[Motion Picture Association|Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA) initially assigned the film an R rating for strong language and sexual content. Following an appeal by the distributors, the film was reclassified with a PG-13 rating.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}<br />
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== Reception ==<br />
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=== Critical reception ===<br />
''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' received mixed-to-positive reviews in India and internationally. Critics praised its [[Ensemble cast|ensemble]] performances, emotional complexity, and bold narrative treatment of extramarital relationships, though many noted its excessive runtime and melodramatic tone as key drawbacks. On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds an approval rating of 58% based on 12 reviews, with the consensus stating: “Though ambitious in its attempt to explore infidelity and emotional isolation, ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' is weighed down by its excessive runtime and melodramatic execution.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kabhi_alvida_naa_kehna |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> On [[IMDb]], it has a rating of 6.1/10 based on over 23,000 user votes.<ref>{{Citation |last=Johar |first=Karan |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |date=2006-08-11 |type=Drama, Romance |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0449999/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_1_tt_4_nm_4_in_0_q_kank |access-date=2025-04-14 |others=Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji, Amitabh Bachchan |publisher=Dharma Productions, Dillywood}}</ref><br />
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In India, [[Taran Adarsh]] from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' called it [[Karan Johar]]’s "finest work to date," praising the screenplay's contrast between light and emotionally intense moments, and lauding the chemistry among the cast.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2006-08-11 |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna Review 4.5/5 {{!}} Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna Movie Review {{!}} Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna 2006 Public Review {{!}} Film Review |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna/critic-review/kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-04-14 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] ([[Network18 Group|''IBNLive'']]) awarded the film 4 out of 5 stars, commending Johar's control over narrative structure and his ability to elevate ordinary moments with dialogue and score.<ref>{{cite web |title=Masand's verdict: Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict--kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna/18315-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721012607/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict--kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna/18315-8.html |archive-date=21 July 2009 |website=IBN Live}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] noted the film was “too long, too weepy,” but appreciated its thematic depth and subversion of genre tropes. ''Nowrunning'' echoed this sentiment, applauding the film's departure from traditional family-centric storytelling in favor of exploring uncomfortable emotional truths.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-08-13 |title=Review: Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2006/08/13/review-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna/ |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=Baradwaj Rangan |language=en}}</ref><br />
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However, not all feedback was positive. [[Kaveree Bamzai]] (''[[India Today]]'') felt Johar lost his usual balance between emotional weight and levity, while Raja Sen (''[[Rediff.com]]'') criticized the film's script, characters, and length, calling it "a mammoth 22-reel experience" with "cardboard characters and glitzy emptiness."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-08-28 |title=Movie review: 'Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna' starring Shah Rukh Khan, Abhishek Bachchan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20060828-film-review-of-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-784871-2006-08-27 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sen">{{cite web |date=25 August 2006 |title=KANK is an exhausting film by Raja Sen |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/11kank.htm |access-date=30 January 2008 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref><br />
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Internationally, the film received a warmer reception. [[Neil Genzlinger]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film's visual excesses and comic timing, noting its larger-than-life appeal.<ref name="Genzlinger">{{cite news |last=Genzlinger |first=Neil |date=26 August 2006 |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna, a Bollywood Divorce Tale |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/12/movies/12kabh.html?ex=1313035200&en=44270ed672924be2&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |access-date=30 January 2008 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Derek Elley of [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'']] highlighted the film's emotional volatility and credited the performances of [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Preity Zinta]].<ref name="Elley">{{cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=30 August 2006 |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117931316.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230002241/https://variety.com/review/VE1117931316.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 |archive-date=30 December 2006 |access-date=31 January 2008 |work=Variety}}</ref> ''[[The Austin Chronicle]]'' lauded its restraint and internalized emotional tone, calling it a “slow and elegant descent into emotional tumult rarely explored in mainstream cinema.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review: Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/events/film/2006-08-11/kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna/ |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=www.austinchronicle.com |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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=== Box office ===<br />
''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' was released on 11 August 2006 across more than 1,200 screens worldwide.<ref name="sify.com" /> The film opened to strong box office results, recording a then-record opening in several Indian cities and grossing approximately ₹27.85 [[crore]] (equivalent to US$6.2 million at the time) in its first week in India. Although it remains [[Karan Johar]]’s lowest-grossing film in India in terms of net domestic collections (unadjusted for inflation), it ranked as the [[List of Hindi films of 2006|fourth highest-grossing Hindi film of 2006]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=364 |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref><br />
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Internationally, the film performed exceptionally well. It grossed $10.56 million overseas, becoming the third-highest overseas grosser for a Bollywood film as of 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=KANK |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006052405/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |archive-date=6 October 2013 |access-date=10 August 2007 |work=Box Office India |df=dmy-all}}</ref> During its opening weekend, it collected $1.35 million in the United States and $1.4 million (£750,000) in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |title=KANK declared a hit in India |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2006.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808100831/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2006.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=8 August 2007 |access-date=10 August 2007 |work=Box Office India}}</ref> Its total box office reached $3.27 million in the U.S. and over £5.07 million in the UK. One factor contributing to its American success was its release across 64 theatres, including non-traditional markets such as [[Miami]], [[Tampa]], and [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=kabhialvidanaakehna.htm |access-date=10 August 2007 |work=Box Office Mojo}}</ref><br />
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Upon release, the film surpassed ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]'' (2001) to become the highest-grossing Indian film worldwide.<ref name="sify.com" /> Its total global gross amounted to ₹113 crore (equivalent to US$37 million at the time),<ref name="BOI gross" /><ref name="currency" /><ref name="Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna" /> making it the top-grossing Indian film of the decade in overseas markets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Worldwide Grossers 2006 |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2006 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office India overseas earners |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=overseas_earners |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207070143/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=overseas_earners |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=19 May 2010 |work=Box Office India}}</ref> When adjusted for inflation, it remains one of the highest-grossing Indian films globally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Lifetime Inflation Adjusted Grossers Worldwide |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=313&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgQWRqdXN0ZWQ= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204140124/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=313&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgQWRqdXN0ZWQ%3D |archive-date=4 December 2013 |access-date=1 June 2011 |website=Box Office India}}</ref><br />
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== Accolades ==<br />
{{Main|List of accolades received by Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna}}A recipient of several accolades, ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' led the [[52nd Filmfare Awards]] with 23 nominations, winning [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] for Abhishek Bachchan. The film also received one [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Award]], two [[Global Indian Film Awards]], one [[People's Choice Awards India|People's Choice Award India]], one [[Screen Awards|Screen Award]], one [[Stardust Awards|Stardust Award]], and five [[Zee Cine Awards]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web |author=IndiaFM News Bureau |date=10 June 2007 |title=IIFA Awards 2007 winners |url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2007/06/10/2750/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228080201/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2007/06/10/2750/index.html |archive-date=28 December 2007 |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><br />
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It was also among the films considered for India's official submission to the [[79th Academy Awards|2007]] [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film]], alongside ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'', ''[[Krrish]]'', ''[[Omkara (2006 film)|Omkara]]'', and ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 August 2006 |title=Final cut: Which one will be our be our best bet at Oscars? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/final-cut-which-one-will-be-our-best-bet-at-oscars/articleshow/1930939.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Ultimately, ''Rang De Basanti'' was selected as the country's entry.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2006 |title=Rang De Basanti is India's entry for the Oscars |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/rang-de-basanti-is-india-s-entry-for-the-oscars-106092500053_1.html |access-date=16 July 2021 |newspaper=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><br />
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== Legacy ==<br />
''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' has gained recognition over time for its thematic boldness and unconventional portrayal of romantic relationships in Hindi cinema. The film has been retrospectively described as a [[Cult film|cult classic]] and ahead of its time, particularly for its exploration of marital infidelity and emotional dissatisfaction within urban relationships.<ref name="KANK1">{{Cite web |last=Sasi |first=Tusshar |date=2016-08-10 |title='Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna': Mainstream Bollywood At Its Bravest Best |url=https://filmysasi.com/kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-10-years-review/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Filmy Sasi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="KANK2">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title='Silsila,' 'KANK,' 'Gehraiyaan': Reflects Time And Cultural Attitude Towards Relationships And Infidelity |url=https://reelisticviews.com/silsila-kank-gehraiyaan-reflects-time-and-cultural-attitude-towards-relationships-and-infidelity/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Reelistics Views |language=en-US |url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118214227/http://reelisticviews.com/silsila-kank-gehraiyaan-reflects-time-and-cultural-attitude-towards-relationships-and-infidelity/ }}</ref> It has also been cited by ''[[Filmfare]]'' as one of the best ensemble cast films in Hindi cinema, and was featured by critic [[Shubhra Gupta]] in her book ''50 Films That Changed Bollywood'', noting its impact on the narrative boundaries of mainstream Hindi cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2023 |title=10 Bollywood Family Dramas Movies Featuring An Ensemble Cast |url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/10-bollywood-family-dramas-featuring-an-ensemble-cast-58069.amp |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=Filmfare}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=50 FILMS That Changed Bollywood — As Shubhra saw it… |url=https://pickle.co.in/film/50-films-that-changed-bollywood-as-shubhra-saw-it/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214124320/https://pickle.co.in/film/50-films-that-changed-bollywood-as-shubhra-saw-it/ |archive-date=14 February 2018 |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=Pickle}}</ref><br />
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In a retrospective feature, ''[[Filmfare]]'' observed that "''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' was made ahead of its time. The subject and the treatment forced people to sit up and think out of their comfort zone."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Paul |first1=Ushnota |date=11 August 2016 |title=10 reasons why we still love Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/10-reasons-why-we-still-love-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-15045.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803020528/https://www.filmfare.com/features/10-reasons-why-we-still-love-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-15045.html |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=4 May 2020 |work=Filmfare |agency=The Times Group}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jahagirdar-Saxena |first1=Shraddha |date=11 August 2018 |title=A nostalgic re-living of ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' |url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/arts-and-culture/a-nostaligic-re-living-of-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803020453/https://www.vervemagazine.in/arts-and-culture/a-nostaligic-re-living-of-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=2 July 2020 |work=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]]}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' remarked that the film did not glorify extramarital relationships, but instead presented their emotional consequences.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2023 |title=Revisiting Karan Johar's Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna, that blurred the lines between right and wrong when it came to love |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/etimes-decoded-revisiting-karan-johars-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-that-blurred-the-lines-between-right-and-wrong-when-it-came-to-love-/articleshow/102401923.cms |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=Times of India |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Firstpost]]'' referred to the film as [[Karan Johar]]'s "most polarized work" as a filmmaker,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2022 |title=Karan Johar on Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna: I don't agree it was ahead of its times, I'm very proud of the film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/karan-johar-on-kabhi-alvida-naa-kehna-i-dont-agree-it-was-ahead-of-its-times-im-very-proud-of-the-film-11040171.html/amp |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Firstpost |language=en-US}}</ref> while ''Film Companion'' described it as a "compelling and thought-provoking drama" that invites emotional reflection.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Halve |first=Anushka |date=2 June 2023 |title=Must Watch Karan Johar Films |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-lists/must-watch-karan-johar-films-my-name-is-khan-kabhi-khushi-kabhi-gham-kuch-kuch-hota-hai |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Film Companion |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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The film is often cited among the notable works of Johar, [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], and [[Preity Zinta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna at 10: Shah Rukh Khan-Karan Johar's best collaboration still unacknowledged |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/karan-johar-kabhi-alvida-na-kehna-shah-rukh-khan-amitabh-bachchan-10-years-334634-2016-08-11 |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=India Today |date=11 August 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 March 2020 |title=Rani Mukerji movies that etched her name in the portals of Hindi cinema |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/rani-mukerji-movies-that-etched-her-name-in-the-portals-of-hindi-cinema-47190.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324064409/https://www.filmfare.com/features/rani-mukerji-movies-that-etched-her-name-in-the-portals-of-hindi-cinema-47190.html |archive-date=24 March 2021 |access-date=26 March 2020 |work=Filmfare}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2020 |title=Filmfare Recommends: 15 Best Films of Abhishek Bachchan |url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-15-best-films-of-abhishek-bachchan-41959.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324064409/https://m.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-15-best-films-of-abhishek-bachchan-41959.amp |archive-date=24 March 2021 |access-date=26 November 2020 |work=Filmfare}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2017 |title=Preity Zinta's super 6 performances of all time |url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/birthday-special-preity-zintas-super-six-performances-of-all-time-18503.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324064409/https://m.filmfare.com/features/birthday-special-preity-zintas-super-six-performances-of-all-time-18503.amp |archive-date=24 March 2021 |access-date=26 June 2020 |work=Filmfare}}</ref> In 2010, ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' included Khan and Mukerji's pairing in its list of the top ten romantic on-screen couples of the decade.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ramsubramaniam |first=Nikhil |title=10 Best Onscreen Romantic Couples of the Decade |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/slideshows/10-best-onscreen-romantic-couples-of-the-decade/10-best-onscreen-romantic-couples-of-the-decade-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023062308/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/slideshow/type/view/id/789 |archive-date=23 October 2013 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><br />
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== Home media and streaming ==<br />
''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' was released on [[DVD]] on 26 October 2006 by [[Yash Raj Films]]. The two-disc set featured [[Dolby Digital|Dolby Digital 5.1]] audio, optional subtitles in English, Arabic, Malay, Tamil, and Telugu, and included bonus content such as [[deleted scene]]s and behind-the-scenes featurettes.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.blu-ray.com/dvd/Kabhi-Alvida-Naa-Kehna-DVD/126420/ |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna DVD |access-date=2025-04-15 |via=www.blu-ray.com}}</ref> The film was subsequently released on [[Blu-ray]] on 18 May 2010. The Blu-ray edition featured a [[1080p]] high-definition transfer, [[DTS-HD Master Audio|DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1]], and was issued as a region-free release with English and Arabic subtitles.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Kabhi-Alvida-Naa-Kehna-Blu-ray/11845/ |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna Blu-ray (India) |access-date=2025-04-15 |via=www.blu-ray.com}}</ref><br />
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As of 2025, the film is available for streaming on platforms including [[Netflix]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH! Shahrukh Khan and Rani Mukerji's Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna on Netflix |url=https://www.netflix.com/in/title/70057651?preventIntent=true |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=Netflix |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH! Shahrukh Khan and Rani Mukerji's Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna on Amazon Prime |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Kabhi-Alvida-Naa-Kehna/0P53I0VNZ3ZG8GY68CGHDNVSO7 |access-date=2021-11-29 |website=Amazon Prime Video |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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== See also ==<br />
{{Portal|Bollywood}}<br />
* [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films]]<br />
* [[List of Hindi films of 2006]]<br />
* [[List of films set in New York City]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081221052302/http://www3.dharma-production.com/kank_syn.html Official Website: Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]<br />
* {{IMDb title|0449999|Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna}}<br />
* {{TCMDb title|id=658518}}<br />
* {{mojo title|id=kabhialvidanaakehna|title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna}}<br />
<br />
{{Karan Johar}}<br />
{{Dharma Productions}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2006 films]]<br />
[[Category:2006 romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2006 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films set in New York City]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about adultery in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Karan Johar]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]<br />
[[Category:Films distributed by Yash Raj Films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about Indian Americans]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in New York City]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2021%E2%80%9322_Futsal_Club_Championship&diff=4828422021–22 Futsal Club Championship2026-03-21T22:04:05Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Started</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|First edition of Hero Futsal Club Championship}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox football tournament season<br />
|title = Hero Futsal Club Championship<br />
|year = [[2021–22 in Indian football|2021–22]]<br />
|other_titles =<br />
|country = India<br />
|city = [[New Delhi]]<br />
|dates = 5–13 November 2021<br />
|num_teams = [[#Teams|16]]<br />
|venue = [[K. D. Jadhav]] Indoor Hall, [[Indira Gandhi Arena]]<br />
|champions = [[Delhi FC]]<br />
|count = 1<br />
|runner-up = [[Mohammedan SC Futsal|Mohammedan SC]]<br />
|matches = 27<br />
|goals = 297<br />
|attendance = {{#expr: <!--Group A-->+ 50 + 100 + 50 + 40 + 30 + 30 <!--Group B-->+ 50 + 100 + 30 + 40 + 50 + 50 <!--Group C-->+ 120 + 50 + 40 + 50 + 30 + 100 <!--Group D-->+ 40 + 50 + 40 + 50 + 40 + 30 <!--Knockout Stage-->+ 40 + 100 + 200}}<br />
|top_goal_scorer= [[Nikhil Mali]] (24 goals)<br />
|player = [[Nikhil Mali]]<br />
|goalkeeper = Scott Moraes<br />
|prevseason = <br />
|nextseason = [[2022–23 Futsal Club Championship|2022–23]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''2021–22 Futsal Club Championship''' was the inaugural edition of the [[Futsal Club Championship]], an annual [[futsal]] club tournament in [[India]] organised by the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF),<ref name="aiff1">{{cite news |title=Futsal club championship to kick-off from 2020 season |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/futsal-club-championship-to-kick-off-from-2020-season |accessdate=31 May 2020 |work=AIFF |date=13 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thegoan.net/sports/%EF%BB%BFfutsal-c%E2%80%99ship-sporting-clube-drawn-alongside-bfc/76233.html|title=Futsal C'ship: Sporting Clube drawn alongside BFC|date=28 October 2021|access-date=28 November 2023|website=thegoan.net|publisher=The Goan Everyday|location=Panaji|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231060719/https://www.thegoan.net/sports/%EF%BB%BFfutsal-c%E2%80%99ship-sporting-clube-drawn-alongside-bfc/76233.html}}</ref> being held in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inaugural edition of Futsal Championship to kick-off in New Delhi on November 5|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/inaugural-edition-of-futsal-championship-to-kick-off-in-new-delhi-on-november-520211014221904|access-date=2021-10-14|website=www.aninews.in|language=en}}</ref> It was initially planned to be organised in July–August 2020. However, due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], the championship was held from 5–13 November in [[K. D. Jadhav]] Indoor Hall of [[Indira Gandhi Arena]].<ref name="AIFF1">{{Cite web|title=Inaugural edition of Hero Futsal Club Championship to kick-off in New Delhi on November 5|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/inaugural-edition-of-hero-futsal-championship-to-kick-off-in-new-delhi-on-november-5|access-date=2021-10-14|website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Format ==<br />
The Futsal Club Championship 2021 featured a total of 16 teams, who were divided into four groups, and played in a [[round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format. The highest-placed team from each group made it to the semi-final stage, which was played in a knockout format amongst the four teams. The winners of the tournament, [[Delhi FC]], became the first-ever futsal champions of India, and thus India's first ever [[AFC Futsal Club Championship]] representative.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hero Futsal Club Championship|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/hero-futsal|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Teams ==<br />
AIFF invited clubs playing in [[Indian Super League]], [[I-League]] and [[Indian State Leagues|state level]] futsal champions to participate in the inaugural season,<ref name="AIFF1" /> and 16 teams participated.<br />
<br />
{{location map+ |India3<br />
|width = 365<br />
|float = right<br />
|caption = Locations of Hero Futsal Club Championship teams<br />
|places =<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=23.7271|long=92.7176|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:1px;">{{nowrap|[[Chanmari FC|Chanmari Zothan]]}}</div>|position=left}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=17.3850|long=78.4867|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nowrap|Speed Force FC}}</div>|position=left}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=25.6751|long=94.1086|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative; right:4px;">{{nowrap|Telongjem FC}}</div>|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=11.9416 |long=79.8083 |label= <div style="font-size:81%;">{{nowrap|Kuppuraj FC}}</div>|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=25.5788|long=91.8933|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative; bottom:1px;">{{nowrap|Niaw Wasa F.C.}}</div>|position=left}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=20.2961|long=85.8245|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nowrap|Mangala Club}}</div>|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=12.9716|long=77.5946|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:4px;top:5px;"> '''Bengaluru'''<br />
</div>|position=left}}<br />
<!--DISPLAY OF Bengaluru TEAMS IN BOTTOM LEFT CORNER--><br />
{{Location map~ |India |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=10 |long=67.0 |label=<div style="font-size:75%;"> '''Bengaluru teams''': <br /><br />
{{nowrap|[[Bengaluru FC Futsal|Bengaluru FC]]}} <br /><br />
{{nowrap|Super Strikers FC}} <br /><br />
</div><br />
|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.3072|long=73.1812|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nowrap|[[Baroda FA]]}}<br />
</div>|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=15.3860|long=73.8440|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nowrap|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|SC Goa]]}}</div>|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=24.8170|long=93.9368|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:5px;top:4px;"> '''Imphal'''<br />
</div>|position=right}}<br />
<!--DISPLAY OF IMPHAL TEAMS--><br />
{{Location map~ |India |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=16 |long=90.0 |label=<div style="font-size:75%;"> '''Imphal teams''': <br /><br />
{{nowrap|[[TRAU FC|TRAU]]}} <br /><br />
{{nowrap|Classic FA}} <br /><br />
</div><br />
|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=34.083656|long=74.797371|label= <div style="font-size:81%;">{{nowrap|[[Real Kashmir Futsal|Real Kashmir]]}}</div>|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=28.56633|long=77.23107|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:4px;top:4px;"> '''Delhi'''<br />
</div>|position=left}}<br />
<!--DISPLAY OF DELHI TEAMS--><br />
{{Location map~ |India |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=31.0 |long=67.0 |label=<div style="font-size:75%;"> '''Delhi teams''': <br /><br />
{{nowrap|[[Delhi FC]]}} <br /><br />
{{nowrap|[[Sudeva Delhi Futsal|Sudeva Delhi]]}}<br /><br />
</div><br />
|position=right}}<br />
<br />
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.5726|long=88.3639|label= <div style="font-size:81%;position:relative;top:4px;top:5px;">{{nowrap|[[Mohammedan SC Futsal|Mohammedan SC]]}}</div>|position=left}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<section end="map" /><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Team<br />
!City/State<br />
|-<br />
|[[Baroda FA]]<br />
|[[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bengaluru FC Futsal|Bengaluru FC]]<br />
|[[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chanmari FC|Chanmari Zothan]]<br />
|[[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]]<br />
|-<br />
|Classic FA<br />
|[[Imphal]], [[Manipur]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Delhi FC]]<br />
|[[Delhi]]<br />
|-<br />
|Kuppuraj FC<br />
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|-<br />
|Mangala Club<br />
|[[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mohammedan SC Futsal|Mohammedan SC]]<br />
|[[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
|-<br />
|Niaw Wasa F.C.<br />
|[[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]<br />
|[[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sudeva Delhi Futsal|Sudeva Delhi FC]]<br />
|[[Delhi]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|SC Goa]]<br />
|[[Panaji]], [[Goa]]<br />
|-<br />
|Speed Force FC<br />
|[[Telangana]]<br />
|-<br />
|Super Strikers FC<br />
|[[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
|-<br />
|Telongjem FC<br />
|[[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[TRAU FC]]<br />
|[[Imphal]], [[Manipur]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Group stage ==<br />
=== Group A ===<br />
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL<br />
|source = [https://i-league.org/points-table/futsal-club/ AIFF]<br />
|name_CHA = Chanmari Zothan<br />
|name_SS = Super Strikers FC<br />
|name_BAR = Baroda FA<br />
|name_MDS = Mohammedan SC<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE standings below (including date)--><br />
|update=complete<br />
|win_CHA=1 |draw_CHA=0 |loss_CHA=2 |gf_CHA=12|ga_CHA=12<br />
|win_SS=1 |draw_SS=0 |loss_SS=2 |gf_SS=13 |ga_SS=13<br />
|win_BAR=1 |draw_BAR=0 |loss_BAR=2 |gf_BAR=6 |ga_BAR=20<br />
|win_MDS=3 |draw_MDS=0 |loss_MDS=0 |gf_MDS=18|ga_MDS=4<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE positions below (check tiebreakers)--><br />
|team_order=MDS, SS, CHA, BAR<br />
|class_rules=[[#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]<br />
<br />
|res_col_header=Q<br />
|result1=KO<br />
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{nowrap|[[#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|5|df=y}}<br />
|time = 12:00<br />
|team1 = Baroda FA<br />
|score = 0–9<br />
|team2 = Mohammedan SC<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Gurkha|Om Gurkha}} {{goal|6|o.g.}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Patel|Daniel Patel}} {{goal|11|o.g.}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Malpote|Sandesh Malpote}} {{goal|12}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Patil|Sachin Patil}} {{goal|16}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Noronha|Rui Noronha}} {{goal|28}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Fernandes|Hilton Fernandes}} {{goal|30}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Pereira|Filbert Pereira}} {{goal|31}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Bhatt|Japan Bhatt}} {{goal|36|o.g.}}<br />
*[[Joshuah Vaz|Vaz]] {{goal|39}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Stanley Jones, Priyobarta Singh<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9675_Match_Summary_V1_1636102106.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|5|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30<br />
|team1 = Chanmari Zothan<br />
|score = 4–6<br />
|team2 = Super Strikers FC<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Laltlansanga|David Laltlansanga}} {{goal|13}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Dawngliana|George Dawngliana}} {{goal|15}}<br />
*Lalmuankima {{goal|38}}<br />
*Lalrinsanga {{goal|39}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Surya|Surya U K}} {{goal|9||10}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Vijay|Vijay R}} {{goal|17||36||38}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Fracis|Barry Francis}} {{goal|26}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 100<br />
|referee = Vishal Vaja, Syed Khaleel<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9676_Match_Summary_V1_1636109465.pdf<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|7|df=y}}<br />
|time = 12:00<br />
|team1 = Chanmari Zothan<br />
|score = 7–1<br />
|team2 = Baroda FA<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Roluahpuia|K Roluahpuia}} {{goal|1}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Laltlansanga|David Laltlansanga}} {{goal|9}}<br />
*Lalnunmawia {{goal|17||23||25||37}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Laltlanthanga|Samuel Laltlanthanga}} {{goal|22}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Parikh|Sheel Parikh}} {{goal|2}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Tanveer Ahmed, Anshul Dixit<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9683_Match_Summary_V1_1636273323.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|7|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30<br />
|team1 = Super Strikers FC<br />
|score = 3–4<br />
|team2 = Mohammedan SC<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Surya|Surya U K}} {{goal|13||28}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Vijay|Vijay R}} {{goal|15}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Malpote|Sandesh Malpote}} {{goal|3}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Noronha|Rui Noronha}} {{goal|22}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Patil|Sachin Patil}} {{goal|23||31|pen.}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 40<br />
|referee = Ajay Singh, VL Rinpuia<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9684_Match_Summary_V1_1636285711.pdf<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|9|df=y}}<br />
|time = 12:00<br />
|team1 = Mohammedan SC<br />
|score = 5–1<br />
|team2 = Chanmari Zothan<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Pereira|Filbert Pereira}} {{goal|11||22||38}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Fernandes|Hilton Fernandes}} {{goal|28}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Medeira|Snedden Medeira}} {{goal|31}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Roluahpuia|K Roluahpuia}} {{goal|33}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 30<br />
|referee = Priyobarta Singh, Shyamson Chongtham<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9691_Match_Summary_V1_1636450134.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|9|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30<br />
|team1 = Super Strikers FC<br />
|score = 4–5<br />
|team2 = Baroda FA<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Pereira|N. Yogith}} {{goal|9||33}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Easwaran|Vivek Easwaran}} {{goal|15}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Nunna|Nikhil Nunna}} {{goal|39}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Parikh|Sheel Parikh}} {{goal|7||30||32}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Doshi|Varshil Doshi}} {{goal|38}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Patel|Daniel Patel}} {{goal|39}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 30<br />
|referee = Syed Khaleel, Kisstarlin Wanniang<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9692_Match_Summary_V1_1636454506.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Group B ===<br />
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL<br />
|source = [https://i-league.org/points-table/futsal-club/ AIFF]<br />
|name_BFC = Bengaluru FC<br />
|name_SCG = SC Goa<br />
|name_SFC = Speed Force FC<br />
|name_KFC = Kuppuraj FC<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE standings below (including date)--><br />
|update=complete<br />
|win_BFC=2 |draw_BFC=0 |loss_BFC=1 |gf_BFC=14|ga_BFC=7<br />
|win_SCG=2 |draw_SCG=0 |loss_SCG=1 |gf_SCG=13|ga_SCG=10<br />
|win_KFC=1 |draw_KFC=0 |loss_KFC=2 |gf_KFC=12|ga_KFC=14<br />
|win_SFC=1 |draw_SFC=0 |loss_SFC=2 |gf_SFC=16|ga_SFC=24<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE positions below (check tiebreakers)--><br />
|team_order=BFC, SCG, SFC, KFC<br />
|hth_BFC=Head-to-head points: Bengaluru FC Futsal 3, Sporting Clube de Goa 0. |hth_SCG=BFC<br />
|hth_SFC=Head-to-head points: Speed Force FC 3, Kuppuraj FC 0. |hth_KFC=SFC<br />
<br />
|class_rules=[[#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]<br />
<br />
|res_col_header=Q<br />
|result1=KO<br />
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{nowrap|[[#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|5|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00<br />
|team1 = Kuppuraj FC<br />
|score = 7–9<br />
|team2 = Speed Force FC<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Vivek|Maria Vivek}} {{goal|9||19||20}}<br />
*Alson {{goal|12}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Rajaganapathy|K. Rajaganapathy}} {{goal|13}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Ahamed|Basith Ahamed}} {{goal|15}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Jijo|Austin Jijo}} {{goal|33}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sultan|Zubair Sultan}} {{goal|4}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Ali|Ibrahim Ali}} {{goal|2||3||19||20||31||32}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Dayma|Shubham Dayma}} {{goal|35}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Hussain|Jawaad Hussain}} {{goal|37}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Ajay Singh, Tanveer Ahmed<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9677_Match_Summary_V1_1636120813.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|5|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = SC Goa<br />
|score = 2–3<br />
|team2 = Bengaluru FC <br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Ll. Cardozo|Lloyd Cardozo}} {{goal|14}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Totad|Rohit Totad}} {{goal|26}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Nickson|Macarton Nickson}} {{goal|30}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Yadav|Robin Yadav}} {{goal|33}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Rossario|Edwin Rossario}} {{goal|39}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 100<br />
|referee = VL Rinpuia, Anshul Dixit<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9678_Match_Summary_V1_1636127933.pdf<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|7|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00<br />
|team1 = Kuppuraj FC<br />
|score = 2–3<br />
|team2 = SC Goa<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Rajaganapathy|K. Rajaganapathy}} {{goal|21}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Jijo|Austin Jijo}} {{goal|39}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Ll. Cardozo|Lloyd Cardozo}} {{goal|22||38}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Totad|Rohit Totad}} {{goal|23}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 30<br />
|referee = Syed Khaleel, Vishal Vaja<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9685_Match_Summary_V1_1636290871.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|7|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = Speed Force FC<br />
|score = 2–9<br />
|team2 = Bengaluru FC <br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sultan|Zubair Sultan}} {{goal|21}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Hussain|Jawaad Hussain}} {{goal|28}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Nickson|Macarton Nickson}} {{goal|9}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Chaudhary|Manish Chaudhary}} {{goal|10||40}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Venkatesh|Vinith Venkatesh}} {{goal|21||31}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Oram|Bekey Oram}} {{goal|33}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Vanlalhruaitluanga|Omega Vanlalhruaitluanga}} {{goal|34}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Fanai|Lalremtluanga Fanai}} {{goal|35}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Yadav|Robin Yadav}} {{goal|37}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 40<br />
|referee = Priyobarta Singh, Clinton Pacheco<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9686_Match_Summary_V1_1636300217.pdf<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|9|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00<br />
|team1 = Bengaluru FC<br />
|score = 2–3<br />
|team2 = Kuppuraj FC<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Nambrath|Shighil Nambrath}} {{goal|26}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Oram|Bekey Oram}} {{goal|32}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Vivek|Maria Vivek}} {{goal|13||33}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Rajaganapathy|K. Rajaganapathy}} {{goal|36}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Clinton Pacheco, Ashirbad Kanungo<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9693_Match_Summary_V1_1636464050.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|9|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = Speed Force FC<br />
|score = 5–8<br />
|team2 = SC Goa<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sultan|Zubair Sultan}} {{goal|11}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Dayma|Shubham Dayma}} {{goal|13}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|F. Khan|Fardeen Khan}} {{goal|23}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Ali|Ibrahim Ali}} {{goal|28}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Waseuddin|Syed Waseuddin}} {{goal|33}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Totad|Rohit Totad}} {{goal|1||6||22||38}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Ll. Cardozo|Lloyd Cardozo}} {{goal|14||21||31}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Lahmadi|Sayeed Lahmadi}} {{goal|17|o.g.}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Ajay Singh, Tanveer Ahmed<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9694_Match_Summary_V1_1636473579.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Group C ===<br />
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL<br />
|source = [https://i-league.org/points-table/futsal-club/ AIFF]<br />
|name_DEL = Delhi FC<br />
|name_TEL = Telongjem FC<br />
|name_NWFC = Niaw Wasa F.C.<br />
|name_TRAU = TRAU<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE standings below (including date)--><br />
|update=complete<br />
|win_DEL=3 |draw_DEL=0 |loss_DEL=0 |gf_DEL=44 |ga_DEL=11<br />
|win_TEL=1 |draw_TEL=0 |loss_TEL=2 |gf_TEL=20 |ga_TEL=31<br />
|win_NWFC=1 |draw_NWFC=1 |loss_NWFC=1 |gf_NWFC=14|ga_NWFC=19<br />
|win_TRAU=0 |draw_TRAU=1 |loss_TRAU=2 |gf_TRAU=10|ga_TRAU=27<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE positions below (check tiebreakers)--><br />
|team_order=DEL, NWFC, TEL, TRAU<br />
<br />
|res_col_header=Q<br />
|result1=KO<br />
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{nowrap|[[#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|6|df=y}}<br />
|time = 12:00<br />
|team1 = Telongjem<br />
|score = 6–16<br />
|team2 = Delhi FC<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Kaurinta|Khiuwangbo Kaurinta}} {{goal|4}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|P. Sunep|Pur Sunep}} {{goal|5||7||23}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Assumi|Kakhevi Assumi}} {{goal|8}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Yimjong|Bapen Yimjong}} {{goal|8}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Nikhil Mali|Mali]] {{goal|1||16||17||34}}<br />
*Lalpekhlua {{goal|3||3||23}}<br />
*Lalremruata {{goal|14||32}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Goyary|Gwgwmsar Goyary}} {{goal|14||33}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Mulchandani|Rohit Mulchandani}} {{goal|23||37}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Zaihmingthanga|Jojo Zaihmingthanga}} {{goal|26}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Bhui|Chanpreet Bhui}} {{goal|37}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Hrahsel|Lalrosanga Hrahsel}} {{goal|38}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 120<br />
|referee = Clinton Pacheco, Stanley Jones<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9679_Match_Summary_V1_1636187880.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|6|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30<br />
|team1 = Niaw Wasa F.C.<br />
|score = 2–2<br />
|team2 = TRAU<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Khongmalai|Civility Khongmalai}} {{goal|25|pen.|35}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Laishram|Milan Laishram}} {{goal|24||30}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Ashirbad Kanungo, K. Vihokhe<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9680_Match_Summary_V1_1636195702.pdf<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|8|df=y}}<br />
|time = 12:00<br />
|team1 = Telongjem FC<br />
|score = 2–8<br />
|team2 = Niaw Wasa F.C.<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|M. Sunep|Moa Sunep}} {{goal|4}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|P. Sunep|Pur Sunep}} {{goal|8}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sumer|Niponghi Sumer}} {{goal|7}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Ryngkhlem|Wadajied Ryngkhlem}} {{goal|8}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Lamat|Primrose Lamat}} {{goal|13||17||26}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Jat|Riburom Jat}} {{goal|25}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Nongrum|Samson Nongrum}} {{goal|29||37}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 40<br />
|referee = Shyamson Chongtham, Surendiran K.<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9687_Match_Summary_V1_1636359030.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|8|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30<br />
|team1 = Delhi FC<br />
|score = 13–1<br />
|team2 = TRAU<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Nikhil Mali|Mali]] {{goal|12||14||25||36||39}}<br />
*Lalpekhlua {{goal|17||22}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Mulchandani|Rohit Mulchandani}} {{goal|19}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Khyriem|Kitbok Khyriem}} {{goal|20}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Naorem|Bhagirat Naorem}} {{goal|28}}<br />
*Lalremruata {{goal|35||37}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Bhandari|Tejas Bhandari}} {{goal|40}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Laishram|Milan Laishram}} {{goal|5}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Ajay Singh, K. Vihokhe<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9688_Match_Summary_V1_1636369235.pdf<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|10|df=y}}<br />
|time = 12:00<br />
|team1 = TRAU<br />
|score = 7–12<br />
|team2 = Telongjem FC<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Nongthombam|Joysana Nongthombam}} {{goal|6}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Samte|Buanthunglun Samte}} {{goal|14||21||27}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Laishram|Milan Laishram}} {{goal|15}}<br />
*Imkongwati {{goal|30|o.g.}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Elangbam|Santosh Elangbam}} {{goal|40}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|P. Sunep|Pur Sunep}} {{goal|7||30||32||33}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Yimjong|Bapen Yimjong}} {{goal|17||19||24||28||38}}<br />
*Sakutemjen {{goal|14}}<br />
*Imkongwati {{goal|20}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Reiyang|Lalrou Reiyang}} {{goal|25}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 30<br />
|referee = Surendiran K., Stanley Jones<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9695_Match_Summary_V2_1636534445.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|10|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30<br />
|team1 = Delhi FC<br />
|score = 15–4<br />
|team2 = Niaw Wasa F.C.<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Mulchandani|Rohit Mulchandani}} {{goal|6}}<br />
*Lalpekhlua {{goal|10||21||31}}<br />
*[[Nikhil Mali|Mali]] {{goal|23||34||37||37||39}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Goyary|Gwgwmsar Goyary}} {{goal|30||38}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Bhandari|Tejas Bhandari}} {{goal|32||38}}<br />
*Lalremruata {{goal|34}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Zomuanpuia|Isac Zomuanpuia}} {{goal|34}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Lamat|Primrose Lamat}} {{goal|10||37}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Jat|Riburom Jat}} {{goal|15}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Khongmalai|Civility Khongmalai}} {{goal|20}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 100<br />
|referee = Priyobarta Singh, Clinton Pacheco<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9696_Match_Summary_V1_1636544854.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Group D ===<br />
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL<br />
|source = [https://i-league.org/points-table/futsal-club/ AIFF]<br />
|name_RKFC = Real Kashmir<br />
|name_CFA = Classic FA<br />
|name_MAN = Mangala Club<br />
|name_SUD = Sudeva Delhi<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE standings below (including date)--><br />
|update=complete<br />
|win_RKFC=0 |draw_RKFC=0 |loss_RKFC=3 |gf_RKFC=8 |ga_RKFC=42<br />
|win_CFA=2 |draw_CFA=0 |loss_CFA=1 |gf_CFA=25 |ga_CFA=7<br />
|win_MAN=3 |draw_MAN=0 |loss_MAN=0 |gf_MAN=29 |ga_MAN=10<br />
|win_SUD=1 |draw_SUD=0 |loss_SUD=2 |gf_SUD=13 |ga_SUD=16<br />
<br />
<!--UPDATE positions below (check tiebreakers)--><br />
|team_order=MAN, CFA, SUD, RKFC<br />
|class_rules=[[#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]<br />
<br />
|res_col_header=Q<br />
|result1=KO<br />
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{nowrap|[[#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|6|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00<br />
|team1 = Real Kashmir<br />
|score = 0–15<br />
|team2 = Classic FA<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Malangmei|Ganningam Malangmei}} {{goal|4||8||11||15||16}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Meitei|Angamba Meitei}} {{goal|12||17||35||36||39}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Keishing|Samson Keishing}} {{goal|13||32||39}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Worneilen|Serto Worneilen}} {{goal|19}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Hanief|Hazim Hanief}} {{goal|34|o.g.}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 40<br />
|referee = Kisstarlin Wanniang, Deeptesh Rakshit<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9681_Match_Summary_V1_1636203793.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|6|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = Mangala Club<br />
|score = 5–3<br />
|team2 = Sudeva Delhi<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Das|Dinabandhu Das}} {{goal|4||10||37}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Ralte|Lalramdinsanga Ralte}} {{goal|8|o.g.}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|B. Rout|Babul Rout}} {{goal|23}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Oinam|Phoenix Oinam}} {{goal|5||10}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Gangte|Thanglalsoun Gangte}} {{goal|28}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Jeffrey Shabong, Surendiran K.<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9682_Match_Summary_V1_1636213085.pdf<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|8|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00<br />
|team1 = Real Kashmir<br />
|score = 3–18<br />
|team2 = Mangala Club<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sunder|Sabareesh Sunder}} {{goal|13||28}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Parray|Aafreen Parray}} {{goal|36}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|B. Rout|Babul Rout}} {{goal|3||9||28||28||31||32}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Das|Dinabandhu Das}} {{goal|4||13||26||28||33||37||38||39}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Barik|Bijay Barik}} {{goal|25||39}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Behera|Niranjan Behera}} {{goal|29||32}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 40<br />
|referee = Anshul Dixit, Deeptesh Rakshit<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9689_Match_Summary_V1_1636377176.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|8|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = Classic FA<br />
|score = 6–1<br />
|team2 = Sudeva Delhi<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Oinam|Phoenix Oinam}} {{goal|3|o.g.}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sorokhaibam|Robert Sorokhaibam}} {{goal|7}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Keishing|Samson Keishing}} {{goal|15}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Worneilen|Serto Worneilen}} {{goal|17}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Malangmei|Ganningam Malangmei}} {{goal|28||30}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Thingujam|Korou Thingujam}} {{goal|29}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 50<br />
|referee = Kisstarlin Wanniang, Vishal Vaja<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9690_Match_Summary_V1_1636385570.pdf<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|10|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00<br />
|team1 = Sudeva Delhi<br />
|score = 9–5<br />
|team2 = Real Kashmir<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Thingujam|Korou Thingujam}} {{goal|2||7}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Oinam|Phoenix Oinam}} {{goal|2||7}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Lamlallian|Lamlallian ST}} {{goal|6||31}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Nongmeikapam|Sridarth Nongmeikapam}} {{goal|25}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Gangte|Thanglalsoun Gangte}} {{goal|26||27}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Parray|Aafreen Parray}} {{goal|6||38||39}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Hanief|Hazim Hanief}} {{goal|17}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sunder|Sabareesh Sunder}} {{goal|24}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 40<br />
|referee = Jeffrey Shabong, Ashirbad Kanungo<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9697_Match_Summary_V2_1636550364.pdf<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|10|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = Classic FA<br />
|score = 4–6<br />
|team2 = Mangala Club<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Malangmei|Ganningam Malangmei}} {{goal|4||11||18}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Chungkham|Gogocha Chungkham}} {{goal|25}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Bindhani|Bapuni Bindhani}} {{goal|17}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|B. Rout|Babul Rout}} {{goal|20||21||36}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Das|Dinabandhu Das}} {{goal|28||32}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 30<br />
|referee = Ajay Singh, Kisstarlin Wanniang<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9698_Match_Summary_V1_1636558865.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Knock-out stage ==<br />
=== Bracket ===<br />
{{#invoke:RoundN|N4<br />
|widescore=yes<br />
|bold_winner=high<br />
|color=no<br />
|RD1=[[#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]<br />
|RD2=[[#Final|Final]]<br />
<br />
<!-- Date-Place/Team 1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --><br />
<!-- Semi-finals --><br />
| |Mohammedan SC|2|Bengaluru FC|0<br />
| |Delhi FC|12|Mangala Club |7|<br />
<!-- Final --> <br />
| Mohammedan SC|2|Delhi FC|7<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Semi-final ===<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|12|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00<br />
|team1 = Mohammedan SC<br />
|score = 2–0<br />
|team2 = Bengaluru FC<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sutar|Jayesh Sutar}} {{goal|31}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Malpote|Sandesh Malpote}} {{goal|35}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 40<br />
|referee = Priyobarta Singh, Kisstarlin Wanniang<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9834_Match_Summary_V1_1636723309.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|12|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = Delhi FC<br />
|score = 12–7<br />
|team2 = Mangala Club<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Nikhil Mali|Mali]] {{goal|1||4||12|pen.|32}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Temuri|Fahad Temuri}} {{goal|8||34}}<br />
*Lalpekhlua {{goal|13||15}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Bhandari|Tejas Bhandari}} {{goal|16}}<br />
*Lalremruata {{goal|33}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Goyary|Gwgwmsar Goyary}} {{goal|38}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Naorem|Bhagirat Naorem}} {{goal|39}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|B. Rout|Babul Rout}} {{goal|20}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Behera|Niranjan Behera}} {{goal|28}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Zomuanpuia|Isac Zomuanpuia}} {{goal|32|o.g.}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Das|Dinabandhu Das}} {{goal|36||38||38||39}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 100<br />
|referee = Clinton Pacheco, Ajay Singh<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9835_Match_Summary_V2_1636741072.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Final ===<br />
{{Football box<br />
|date = {{Start date|2021|11|13|df=y}}<br />
|time = 20:30<br />
|team1 = Mohammedan SC<br />
|score = 2–7<br />
|team2 = Delhi FC<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*{{Tooltip|Sutar|Jayesh Sutar}} {{goal|12}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Medeira|Snedden Medeira}} {{goal|34}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*Lalpekhlua {{goal|3}}<br />
*[[Nikhil Mali|Mali]] {{goal|16||27||33||34|pen.|39}}<br />
*{{Tooltip|Mulchandani|Rohit Mulchandani}} {{goal|25}}<br />
|stadium = KD Jadhav Indoor Hall, New Delhi<br />
|attendance = 200<br />
|referee = Kisstarlin Wanniang, Ajay Singh<br />
|report = https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/9836_Match_Summary_V1_1636828012.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Top scorers ==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!Rank<br />
!Player<br />
!Team<br />
!Goals<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nikhil Mali]]<br />
|align="left" |[[Delhi FC]]<br />
|24<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Dinabandhu Das<br />
|align="left" |Mangala Club<br />
|17<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" |3<br />
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Lalpekhlua<br />
|align="left" |[[Delhi FC]]<br />
|rowspan="2" |11<br />
|-<br />
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Babul Kumar Rout<br />
|align="left" |Mangala Club<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Ganningam Malangmei<br />
|align="left" |Classic FA<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Pursunep<br />
|align="left" |Telongjem<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Ibrahim Ali<br />
|align="left" |Speed Force FC<br />
|7<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Futsal in India}}<br />
{{Football in India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:2021-22 Futsal Club Championship}}<br />
[[Category:AIFF Futsal Club Championship]]<br />
[[Category:2021 in Asian futsal]]<br />
[[Category:November 2021 sports events in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Football in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Sports events postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic|Futsal Club Championship, 2020 AIFF]]<br />
[[Category:2021–22 in Indian football leagues]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Mahal&diff=513606Lotus Mahal2026-03-21T03:41:23Z<p>Samwaterman2016: pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox building<br />
| location = [[Ballari district]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
| location_country = [[India]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|15|32|03|N|76|47|13|E}}<br />
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India<br />
| alternate_names = Chitrangi Mahal<br />
| image = Flat elevation of Lotus Mahal, Hampi (Closeup).jpg<br />
| image_caption = Front view of the Lotus Mahal<br />
| floor_count = Two storey<br />
| pushpin_label = Lotus Mahal<br />
| architectural_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Coord|15.3203|76.4713|display=title}}<br />
'''Lotus Mahal''' or '''Chitrangini Mahal''' is an important secular structure in [[Hampi]], [[India]]. The Lotus Mahal is an example of Vijayanagara style of architecture and is a two storied structure built in [[Rubble masonry]] and finely plastered. The structure was used as residue place for royal family of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredible-india-v2/en/destinations/hampi/lotus-mahal.html|title=Incredible India &#124; Lotus Mahal|website=www.incredibleindia.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Architecture ==<br />
Lotus Mahal literally means " Palace of Lotus". This structure was made for the royal family of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. The palace stands around a walled compound near the Royal centre. The structure is laid out symmetrically with equal projections on four sides. The dome gives an illustration of an open lotus bud. The curves of the palace are inspired by the [[Islamic architecture]] and protect the palace from harsh weather conditions. It has two stories, both with arched openings in multiple planes surrounded by elaborate plaster designs. It has total of eight pyramidal towers over the corners and one big tower in the middle of the structure and is supported by 24 pillars. The pyramidal tower is influenced by [[Indian Architecture]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Architectural Highlights of the Lotus Mahal in Hampi, Vijayanagara Empire – The Talkative Man|url=https://www.talkativeman.com/lotus-mahal-hampi/|access-date=2020-09-22|language=en-US}}</ref> The pillars are decorated with stone carved aquatic animals, plants etc.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wright|first=Colin|title=The Lotus Mahal, Vijayanagara|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/t/019pho001000s13u01374000.html#:~:text=The%20Lotus%20Mahal%20is%20a,series%20of%20vaults%20and%20domes.|access-date=2020-09-22|website=www.bl.uk}}</ref><br />
<br />
The palace is built by bricks and [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]].The ground floor is raised on a high ornamental stone basement with doubled recessed angles.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=2017-04-25|title=Lotus Mahal Hampi {{!}} Kamal Mahal Hampi {{!}} Chitrangini Mahal|url=https://www.karnataka.com/hampi/lotus-mahal/|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Karnataka.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lotus Mahal|url=http://hampi.in/lotus-mahal|access-date=2020-09-14|website=www.hampi.in|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The palace is built in the Zenana enclosure and was reserved for the royal women of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. According to historical accounts, the structure was built to serve the royal Muslim women of the empire. Also the king, [[Krishnadevaraya]] used it as his council chamber for meetings with his ministers. The palace was also used as a relaxing place for the royal family. It is one of the few structures that did not suffer any major damage when Hampi was invaded.<ref name="auto"/> Owing to many invasions by [[Deccan sultanates]] and improper maintenance, the palace has ruined and has lost most of its carved decoration in the restoration work.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijayanagara Research Project::Lotus Mahal|url=https://www.penn.museum/sites/VRP/html/LotusMahal.html|access-date=2020-09-22|website=www.penn.museum}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Lotus Temple Hampi.jpg|alt=View of Lotus temple from Right Side Wing|View of Lotus temple from Right Side Wing<br />
Hampi, India, Watch Tower, The Zenana Enclosure, Vijayanagara Empire.jpg|Watch tower near the palace<br />
LTC 2018 178.jpg|Pillars<br />
IMG 2389 Lotus Mahal arch design.jpg|Carvings<br />
Lotus Mahal in 1880.jpg|Lotus Mahal in 1885<br />
LOTUS MAHAL-Dr. Murali Mohan Gurram (4).jpg|View of the Entrance<br />
Lotus Mahal Inside View.Hampi.jpg|The ceiling<br />
HBPA N 293 Lotus Mahal Arches Hampi.jpg|arches<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lotus, Mahal}}<br />
[[Category:Architecture in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hampi]]<br />
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Indo-Islamic architecture]]<br />
[[Category:Vijayanagara Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Palaces in Karnataka]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auzaar&diff=458906Auzaar2026-03-19T10:54:23Z<p>Samwaterman2016: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Auzaar<br />
| image = Auzaar poster.jpg<br />
<br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| director = [[Sohail Khan]]<br />
| producer = [[Kumar S. Taurani]]<br />[[Ramesh Taurani]]<br />
| writer = Anwar Khan<br />
| starring = [[Salman Khan]]<br /> [[Sanjay Kapoor]]<br /> [[Shilpa Shetty]]<br />
| music = [[Anu Malik]]<br />
| cinematography = Kaka Thakur<br />
| editing = A. Muthu<br />
| studio = [[Tips Industries]]<br />
| distributor =<br />
| released = {{Film date|1997|02|28|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 133 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = {{INR}}5.25 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2702|title=Auzaar – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172704/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2702|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| gross = {{INR}}10.37 crore<ref name="auto"/><br />
}}<br />
'''Auzaar''' ({{translation|Tool or Weapon}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Sohail Khan]] and written by Anwar Khan. The film stars [[Salman Khan]], [[Sanjay Kapoor]] and [[Shilpa Shetty]].<ref name="apunkachoice1">[http://www.apunkachoice.com/titles/auz/auzaar/mid_1649/cast_crew/ Auzaar Cast and Crew – Hindi Movie] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915014655/http://www.apunkachoice.com/titles/auz/auzaar/mid_1649/cast_crew/ |date=15 September 2015 }}. Apunkachoice.com. Retrieved on 2014-03-21.</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Suraj, who is a police officer, discovers that Yash's father runs an illegal business. He must now convince Yash to make his father mend his ways or face criticism from his superiors for not confronting him.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Sanjay Kapoor]] as Yash Thakur, Prathna's husband.<br />
*[[Salman Khan]] as CBI Officer Suraj Prakash<br />
*[[Shilpa Shetty]] as Prathna Thakur, Yash's wife.<br />
*[[Nirmal Pandey]] as Baba the main antagonist.<br />
*[[Johnny Lever]] as Peter<br />
*[[Kiran Kumar]] as Bhaiji<br />
*[[Aashif Sheikh]] as Inspector Bhudev<br />
*[[Paresh Rawal]] as Mr. Thakur, Yash's father. <br />
*[[Ila Arun]] as herself in song "Apni To Ek Hi Life"<br />
*[[Vishwajeet Pradhan]] as Baba's Associate<br />
*[[Arun Bakshi]] as Arun Bhai<br />
*[[Achyut Potdar]] as Ahmed <br />
*[[Vikas Anand]] as Doctor Mohan Dhupia<br />
*[[Tiku Talsania]] as College Professor Narayan Singh<br />
*[[Mukesh Rawal]] as Thakur's Associate<br />
*[[Dinesh Hingoo]] as Qawwal Singer Laal in song "Apni To Ek Hi Life"<br />
*Joginder Shelly as Truck driver Hakim Singh in song "Apni To Ek Hi Life"<br />
*[[Sulabha Arya]] as Rekha<br />
*Pinky Chinoy as an item number in the song "Dil Le Le Lena"<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
[[Sohail Khan]] initially wanted [[Aamir Khan]] for [[Sanjay Kapoor]]'s role, but he declined it for unknown reasons. Then Sohail Khan approached [[Suniel Shetty]] for the role, but he was busy shooting another film. [[Raveena Tandon]] was offered the female lead, but declined. Then [[Shilpa Shetty]] received the role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-28 |title=26 Years of 'Auzaar': Sanjay Kapoor shares old picture with Salman Khan and Shilpa Shetty |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/26-years-of-auzaar-sanjay-kapoor-shares-old-picture-with-salman-khan-and-shilpa-shetty-23272815 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Mid-day |language=en |archive-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516150423/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/26-years-of-auzaar-sanjay-kapoor-shares-old-picture-with-salman-khan-and-shilpa-shetty-23272815 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=25 Years of Auzaar: From Salman Khan and Sanjay Kapoor's casting to Anu Malik's controversial music, lesser-known facts about Sohail Khan's first directorial |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/25-years-auzaar-salman-khans-first-cop-act-anu-maliks-controversial-music-lesser-known-facts-sohail-khans-first-directorial/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album|<br />
| name = Auzaar<br />
| type = [[Soundtrack]]<br />
| artist = [[Anu Malik]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = January 1997<br />
| recorded = 1996<br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Music of Bollywood|Bollywood film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 42:35<br />
| label = [[Tips Industries|Tips]]<br />
| producer = Anu Malik<br />
| prev_title = [[Border (1997 film)|Border]]<br />
| prev_year = 1997<br />
| next_title = Dil Kitna Nadan Hai<br />
| next_year = 1997<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The film's [[soundtrack album]] was composed by [[Anu Malik]].<br />
<br />
The song "I Love You, I Love You" was reportedly plagiarized from Pakistani [[Qawwali]] singer [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]]'s "Allah Hoo, Allah Hoo".<ref name="Chaudhuri">{{cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Diptakirti |title=Bioscope: A Frivolous History of Bollywood in Ten Chapters |date=2018 |publisher=[[Hachette (publisher)|Hachette]] |isbn=9789351952299 |page=93 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_e9LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT93 |access-date=4 May 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109190319/https://books.google.com/books?id=_e9LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT93 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rediff">{{cite news |title=A rare encounter with Ustad Nusrat Ali Khan |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/apr/05nusrat.htm |accessdate=23 December 2018 |work=[[Rediff]] |date=1997 |archive-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825191457/http://www.rediff.com/movies/apr/05nusrat.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Khan was reportedly aggrieved when Malik turned his spiritual "Allah Hoo, Allah Hoo" into "I Love You, I Love You".<ref name="Chaudhuri"/> Khan said "He has taken my [[Sufi music|devotional song]] ''Allahu'' and converted it into ''I love you''. He should at least respect my religious songs."<ref name="rediff"/><br />
<br />
Even "Dil Le Le Lena" was also plagiarized from the song "[[Macarena]]", the opening theme of [[Los Del Rio]]'s album ''[[A mí me gusta]]'' (1993).<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! # !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyricist <br />
|-<br />
| 1.<br />
| "Thahara Hai Yeh Sama"<br />
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]]<br />
| [[Rahat Indori]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2.<br />
| "I Love You I Love You"<br />
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]<br />
| Rahat Indori<br />
|-<br />
| 3.<br />
| "Tujhe Khas Fursat Mein"<br />
| Kumar Sanu, [[Udit Narayan]], [[Chandana Dixit]]<br />
| [[Qateel Shifai]]<br />
|-<br />
| 4.<br />
| "Dil Ke Sau Tukde"<br />
| Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik<br />
| [[Indeevar]]<br />
|-<br />
| 5.<br />
| "Hum Aur Tum Aur Yeh Shaam"<br />
| Anu Malik, [[Remo Fernandes]], Alka Yagnik<br />
| Rahat Indori<br />
|-<br />
| 6.<br />
| "Dil Le Le Lena"<br />
| [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]], [[Anu Malik]], Jojo, Anamika<br />
| Anu Malik<br />
|-<br />
| 7.<br />
| "Masti Ka Aalam Aaya Hai"<br />
| [[Gurdaas Maan]], [[Ila Arun]], [[Sabri Brothers]]<br />
| Ila Arun<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=0118660}}<br />
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/25-years-auzaar-salman-khans-first-cop-act-anu-maliks-controversial-music-lesser-known-facts-sohail-khans-first-directorial/ ''Bollywood Hungama'' article]<br />
<br />
[[Category:1997 films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 action thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Anu Malik]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Tips Industries films]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_ladies_and_gentlemen_of_India&diff=499183First ladies and gentlemen of India2026-03-10T00:37:44Z<p>Samwaterman2016: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{distinguish|Spouse of the prime minister of India}}<br />
{{Short description|Spouse of the president of India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox Political post<br />
| post = First Gentlemen/Ladies of India<br />
| body = <br />
| native_name = <br />
| image = <br />
| caption =<br />
| incumbent = ''Vacant''<br />
| incumbentsince = 25 July 2022<br />
| deputy = Spouse of the Vice President of India<br />
| residence = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]], [[Delhi]] {{small|(primary)}} <br />
*[[Rashtrapati Nilayam]], [[Hyderabad]] {{small|(winter)}}<br />
*[[The Retreat Building]], [[Shimla]] {{small|(summer)}}}}<br />
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br />
| insigniasize = 50px<br />
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India|State Emblem of India]]<br />
| flag = Flag of India.svg<br />
| flagsize = 110px<br />
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br />
| formation = {{start date and age|1950|1|26|df=y}}<br />
| inaugural = [[Rajvanshi Devi]]<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
{{Politics of India}}<br />
'''First Lady of India''' or '''First Gentleman of India''' is the title given to the host of the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]], usually the spouse of the [[president of India]]. There are no official roles or duties assigned to the spouse. The spouse generally attends official ceremonies and functions.<ref name=indexp>{{cite news |first=Nandini |last=Rathi |title=Savita Kovind enters Rashtrapati Bhavan, but India's First Ladies are yet to make a mark |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/savita-kovind-enters-rashtrapati-bhavan-but-indias-first-ladies-are-yet-to-make-any-mark-4767676/ |work=[[Indian Express]] |date=2017-07-26 |access-date=2017-09-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
The position of a first spouse of India is currently vacant, as President [[Droupadi Murmu]] is widowed.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Rajvanshi Devi, the wife of India's first president, was the country's first lady from 1950 until 1962.<ref name=indexp/> Devi kept a very low profile during this era and did not attend public events with President [[Rajendra Prasad]].<ref name=indexp/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad –> 1st President of India|url=http://blogs.rediff.com/sanjis/2009/01/25/dr-rajendra-prasad-1st-president-of-india-family-relation/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704040618/http://blogs.rediff.com/sanjis/2009/01/25/dr-rajendra-prasad-1st-president-of-india-family-relation/|archive-date=4 July 2010|access-date=19 August 2015|website=Rediff.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
The post was vacant during the tenure of [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] and was followed by [[Shah Jahan Begum (First Lady)|Shah Jahan Begum]], who was the wife of India's third president, [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ZAKIR HUSAIN, DR.|url=http://www.vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/zakirn.asp|access-date=19 August 2015|website=Vice President of India|archive-date=9 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109073841/http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/zakirn.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Saraswati Bai, wife of the country's fourth president, [[V. V. Giri]], was the first first lady to take a more public role.<ref name=indexp/> Bai's role marked a change from the lower profile of her predecessors.<ref name=indexp/> She attended and hosted public events and became a recognizable figure to the Indian public.<ref name=indexp/><br />
<br />
[[Abida Ahmed]], India's first lady from 1974 to 1977, further expanded the public role of the first lady's position by organizing ceremonies and official functions at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]].<ref name="indexp" /><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=1974-10-25 |title=India's First Lady Moves Into the Official Spotlight |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/25/archives/indias-first-lady-moves-into-the-official-spotlight-politics-for-29.html |access-date=2022-09-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> She was also the first among the first spouses to hold a public office when she was [[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] between 1980 and 1989.<br />
<br />
[[Usha Narayanan]] was the first spouse of foreign origin.<br />
<br />
Before [[Pratibha Patil]] was sworn in as the first female president of India, the role of the wives of the president was to act as the chief hostess of the Bhavan. In 2007, the office room meant for the first lady went for some minor changes to accommodate the husband of Pratibha Patil, [[Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat]], the country's inaugural "first gentleman".<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=The first ladies of Rashtrapati Bhavan|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xRTTVgpPc6llFXcJrddTPI/Views--The-first-ladies-of-Rashtrapati-Bhavan.html|website=Live Mint|date=25 July 2012|publisher=HT Media Ltd|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Former first lady [[Suvra Mukherjee]], the wife of President [[Pranab Mukherjee]], died in office on 18 August 2015. The position of First Lady remained vacant for the remainder of President Mukherjee's term.<ref name=jha>{{cite news|first=Durgesh |last=Nandan Jha |title=Suvra Mukherjee, President Pranab Mukherjee's wife, passes away |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Suvra-Mukherjee-President-Pranab-Mukherjees-wife-passes-away/articleshow/48524004.cms |work=[[Times of India]] |date=23 August 2015 |access-date=2015-08-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
The position is currently vacant since 2022, as President [[Droupadi Murmu]] is a widow.<br />
<br />
== Role ==<br />
The role of a first spouse is largely ceremonial. The first spouse has no official duties, but will generally attend the official ceremonies and functions held at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]] along with the president. Most first spouses have maintained a low profile.<ref name=":0"/><br />
<br />
=== Non-spouses in the role ===<br />
In case of the absence of a spouse, another relative of the president may take up the role of host or hostess during official functions at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. However, this is not mandatory, as, for instance, the role of hostess was vacant during the tenure of [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
[[Zail Singh]]'s daughter had served as hostess for some events.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Smriti Kak|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/presidents-daughter-turns-politician/article6252972.ece|title=President's daughter turns politician|date=2014-07-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> [[Pranab Mukherjee]]'s daughter [[Sharmistha Mukherjee]] served as hostess for some events, during her mother's illness.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sandhu|first=Veenu|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/sharmistha-mukherjee-chose-not-to-live-in-india-s-biggest-house-113040500489_1.html|title=Sharmistha Mukherjee chose not to live in India's biggest house|date=2013-04-05|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of first ladies and gentlemen of India==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:Center;"<br />
! class="unsortable" |<abbr title="Number">No.</abbr><br />
! class="unsortable" |Portrait<br />
! class="unsortable" |Name <br />
! class="unsortable" |Tenure<br />
! class="unsortable" |President<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|[[File:Rajvanshi_Devi_at_a_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_ceremony_(cropped).jpg|112x112px]]<br />
|'''[[Rajvanshi Devi]]'''<br>{{Small|17 July 1886 – 9 September 1962<br>(aged 76)}}<br />
|26 January 1950<br>–<br>12 May 1962<br />
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1896}}<br />
|-<br />
!–<br />
| colspan="2" |''vacant''{{efn|Sivakamu Radhakrishnan, wife of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan died at her home in Madras in 1956, before her husband became president. Though she was the Second Lady of India at the time of her death.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gandhi|first=Gopalkrishna|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gopalkrishnagandhi/only-half-our-story/article1-1001877.aspx|title=Only half our story|date=2013-01-26|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=2015-08-23|author-link=Gopalkrishna Gandhi}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>}}<br />
|12 May 1962<br />
–<br />
13 May 1967<br />
|[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br/>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1903}}<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|[[File:1677428781230 copy 283x352.jpg|107x107px]]<br />
|'''[[Shah Jahan Begum (first lady)|Shah Jahan Begum]]'''<br />
|13 May 1967<br>–<br>3 May 1969<br />
|[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1915}}<br />
|-<br />
!<small>Acting</small><br />
|[[File:Saraswati Bai.jpg|107x107px]]<br />
|'''Saraswati Bai'''<br />
|3 May 1969<br>–<br>20 July 1969<br />
|[[V. V. Giri]] (acting)<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1917}}<br />
|-<br />
!<small>Acting</small><br />
|<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
|'''Pushpa Shah'''{{efn|Second Lady of India from 1979–1984}}<br />
|20 July 1969<br>–<br>24 August 1969<br />
|[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]] (acting)<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1948}}<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|[[File:Saraswati Bai.jpg|107x107px]]<br />
|'''Saraswati Bai'''<br />
|24 August 1969<br>–<br>24 August 1974<br />
|[[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1917}}<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|[[File:Abida Ahmed First Lady of India.gif|107x107px]]<br />
|'''[[Abida Ahmed]]'''<br>{{Small|17 July 1923 – 7 December 2003<br>(aged 80)}}<br />
|24 August 1974<br>–<br>11 February 1977<br />
|[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1945}}<br />
|-<br />
!<small>Acting</small><br />
|<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
|'''Sangamma Jatti'''<br />
|11 February 1977<br>–<br>25 July 1977<br />
|[[B. D. Jatti]] (acting)<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1922}}<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|<!-- Do not use placeholder images per WP:IPH --><br />
|'''Nagaratnamma Reddy'''<br><ref>{{cite news|date=2010-01-12|title=Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy's wife passes away|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/article79202.ece|access-date=2015-08-23}}</ref><br />
|25 July 1977<br>–<br>25 July 1982<br />
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1935}}<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|[[File:Pardhan Kaur (cropped).png|107x107px]]<br />
|'''[[Pardhan Kaur]]'''{{efn|Zail Singh's daughter had served as hostess for some events.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Smriti Kak|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/presidents-daughter-turns-politician/article6252972.ece|title=President's daughter turns politician|date=2014-07-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="mint">{{cite web|title=The first ladies of Rashtrapati Bhavan|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xRTTVgpPc6llFXcJrddTPI/Views--The-first-ladies-of-Rashtrapati-Bhavan.html|website=Live Mint|date=25 July 2012|publisher=HT Media Ltd|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref>}}<br><ref>{{cite news|date=12 May 2002|title=Giani Zail Singh's widow dead|newspaper=The Tribune|location=India|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020512/main4.htm|access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="nytimes2">{{cite news|last=Hazarika|first=Sanjoy|date=1994-12-26|title=Zail Singh, 78, First Sikh To Hold India's Presidency|work=[[New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/26/obituaries/zail-singh-78-first-sikh-to-hold-india-s-presidency.html|access-date=2015-08-23}}</ref><br />
|25 July 1982<br>–<br>25 July 1987<br />
|[[Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1934}}<br />
|-<br />
!7<br />
| [[File:Janaki Venkataraman.jpg|107x107px]]<br />
|'''[[Janaki Venkataraman]]'''<br>{{small|1921 – 13 August 2010<br> (aged 88–89)}}<br />
|25 July 1987<br>–<br>25 July 1992<br />
|[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1938}}<br />
|-<br />
!8<br />
|[[File:Vimala Sharma.jpg|107x107px]]<br />
|'''[[Vimala Sharma]]'''<br>{{small|1927 – 15 August 2020<br>(aged 93)}}<br><ref>{{cite web|title=President Pranab Mukherjee pays tributes to Shanker Dayal Sharma|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/president-pranab-mukherjee-pays-tributes-to-shanker-dayal-sharma_1649491.html|access-date=19 August 2015|website=Zee News|date=19 August 2015}}</ref><br />
|25 July 1992<br>–<br>25 July 1997<br />
|[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1950}}<br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
|[[File:Usha_Narayanan.jpg|129x129px]]<br />
|'''[[Usha Narayanan]]'''{{efn|India's first foreign born ([[Burma]]) First Lady and the first one of foreign origin<ref>{{cite web|title=Ex-First Lady Usha Narayanan dies at 86|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/exfirst-lady-usha-narayanan-dies-at-86/265309/|website=The Indian Express|publisher=The Indian Express Ltd}}</ref>}}<br>{{Small|1922 — 24 January 2008<br>(aged 85–86)}}<br />
|25 July 1997<br>–<br>25 July 2002<br />
|[[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1951}}<br />
|-<br />
!–<br />
| colspan="2" |''unmarried''{{efn|The role of hostess, during official functions at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, was vacant during the tenure of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.<ref name="mint"/>}} <br />
|25 July 2002 <br>–<br> 25 July 2007<br />
|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
|-<br />
!10<br />
|[[File:Shri Devisingh Shekhawat.jpg|110x110px]]<br />
|'''[[Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat]]'''{{efn|Shekhawat was India's first and only First Gentleman.}}<br>{{Small|1934 – 24 February 2023<br>(aged 88–89)}}<br><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-08-16|title=The constant gardener|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/the-constant-gardener/story-cHwxCj356pmvZTq3p8CZdK.html|access-date=2020-03-12|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
|25 July 2007<br>–<br>25 July 2012<br />
|[[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1965}}<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |11<br />
|[[File:Suvra Mukherjee.jpg|107x107px]]<br />
|'''[[Suvra Mukherjee]]'''{{efn|Suvra Mukherjee was the first First Lady to die during her husband's presidency.}}{{efn|While the position of First Lady was vacant following the death of First Lady Suvra Mukherjee, Mukherjee's daughter, [[Sharmistha Mukherjee]], served as hostess for some events, during her mother's illness and following her death.}}<br>{{Small|17 September 1940 – 18 August 2015<br>(aged 74)}}<br />
|25 July 2012<br>–<br>18 August 2015<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1957}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" |''vacant''<br />
|18 August 2015<br>–<br>25 July 2017<br />
|-<br />
!12<br />
|[[File:Savita_Kovind in 2018.jpg|111x111px]]<br />
|'''[[Savita Kovind]]'''<br>{{Small|{{birth date and age|1952|04|15}}}}<br />
|25 July 2017<br>–<br>25 July 2022<br />
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1974}}<br />
|-<br />
!–<br />
| colspan="2" | ''vacant''{{efn|Shyam Charan Murmu, husband of Droupadi Murmu, died at his home in [[Rairangpur]] in 2014, before his wife became President.}}<br />
|25 July 2022<br />
–<br />
Present<br />
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br/>{{small|{{abbr|m.|married}} 1980}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of presidents of India]]<br />
* [[Spouse of the prime minister of India]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{First Ladies and Gentlemen}}<br />
{{Presidents of India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:First ladies and gentlemen of India| ]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of spouses of heads of state|India]]<br />
[[Category:India politics-related lists]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pati_Patni_Aur_Tawaif&diff=457951Pati Patni Aur Tawaif2026-03-03T23:40:36Z<p>Samwaterman2016: brief correct layout to improve readability further and improved wording for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Pati Patni Aurn Tawaif<br />
| image = Pati Patni Aur Tawaif.jpg<br />
| caption = DVD cover<br />
| director = [[Rajkumar Kohli]]<br />
| producer = [[Rajkumar Kohli]]<br />
| writer =<br />
| starring = [[Mithun Chakraborty]]<br />[[Salma Agha]]<br />[[Farha Naaz]]<br />[[Sumeet Saigal]]<br />[[Om Prakash]]<br />
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1990|5|18}}<br />
| runtime = 135 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Pati Patni Aur Tawaif''''' ({{Translation|Husband, Wife and prostitute}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Hindi]]-language film directed by [[Rajkumar Kohli]], starring [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Salma Agha]], [[Farha Naaz]] and [[Om Prakash]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pati Patni Aur Tawaif Cast & Crew|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/pati-patni-aur-tawaif-6933/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905134917/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/pati-patni-aur-tawaif-6933/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=5 September 2022|access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref> It is a remake of Pakistan's 1988 [[Urdu language]] movie ''[[Bazar-e-Husn]]''. [[Salma Agha]] reprised her role from ''Bazar-e-Husn'' in ''Pati Patni Aur Tawaif''.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
{{More plot|date=September 2024}}<br />
Vijay Saxena, a well-known actor-director, lives with his wife, Shanti, and a child. When his movie actress walks out of his movie, Vijay is introduced to a prostitute named Gauri. Problems arise when Vijay ends up in a relationship with Gauri.<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
Laxmikant–Pyarelal was the music director of the movie and composed tunes for the songs. All lyrics were written by [[Anand Bakshi]] except for Mujhe Log Kehte Hain Kadmon Ki Dhool was co-written with Pyarelal Shrivasta.<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Songs<br />
| all_lyrics = <br />
| all_music = <br />
| extra_column = Playback<br />
| title1 = Ek Doosre Se Khafa Hona Nahin<br />
| length1 = 4:39<br />
| extra1 = [[Mohammed Aziz]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]<br />
| title2 = Teri Mohabbat Meri Jawani<br />
| length2 = 6:17<br />
| extra2 = Mohammed Aziz, [[Salma Agha]]<br />
| title3 = Mere Chann Pardesi<br />
| length3 = 5:59<br />
| extra3 = [[Reshma (Pakistani singer)|Reshma]]<br />
| title4 = Kehna Na Tum Yeh Kisi Se<br />
| length4 = 6:05<br />
| extra4 = Mohammed Aziz, Salma Agha<br />
| title5 = Mujhe Log Kehte Hai Kadmon Ki Dhool<br />
| length5 = 5:57<br />
| extra5 = Salma Agha<br />
| title6 = Ek Doosre Se Khafa Hona Nahin (Sad)<br />
| length6 = 3:03<br />
| extra6 = Mohammed Aziz, Kavita Krishnamurthy<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
<br />
*[[Mithun Chakraborty]] as Vijay Saxena<br />
*[[Salma Agha]] as Gauri<br />
*[[Farha Naaz]] as Mrs. Shanti Saxena<br />
*[[Anita Raj]] as Kiran<br />
*[[Sumeet Saigal]] as Prince Kumar<br />
*[[Sonika Gill]] as Chandni<br />
*[[Gulshan Grover]] as Advocate<br />
*[[Aruna Irani]] as Chhaiya<br />
*[[Jagdeep]] as Ustad<br />
*[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Sulaiman Dildar<br />
*[[Roopesh Kumar]] as Gauri's Uncle (Mama)<br />
*[[Om Prakash]] as Tarachand<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0232291|Pati Patni Aur Tawaif}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1990 films]]<br />
[[Category:1990 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1990 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]<br />
[[Category:Indian remakes of Pakistani films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]<br />
[[Category:Films about courtesans in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films about prostitution in India]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1990s Urdu-language films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Do_Ladkiyan&diff=456924Do Ladkiyan2026-03-03T23:36:29Z<p>Samwaterman2016: fix formatting per sources and cleaned formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Do Ladkiyan<br />
| image = Do Ladkiyan.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Kotayya Pratyagatma]]<br />
| producer = [[Gope Dadlani]]<br />
| writer =<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring =[[Sanjeev Kumar]]<br />[[Mala Sinha]]<br />[[Tarun Bose]]<br />
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1976|02|03}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Do Ladkiyan''''' is a 1976 [[Bollywood]] [[film]] directed by [[Kotayya Pratyagatma]].<br />
<br />
==Cast== <br />
*[[Sanjeev Kumar]] as Avinash<br />
*[[Mala Sinha]] as Geeta/Sujata<br />
* [[Tarun Bose]] as Rai Bahadue Raghunath Khanna<br />
* [[Ramesh Deo]] as Ramesh<br />
* [[Jagdeep]] as Ganeshi<br />
* [[Jankidas]] as Lala Laluram<br />
* [[Sulochana Latkar]] as Jankidevi<br />
* [[Mehmood Jr]] as Mithu<br />
* [[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]] as Sethji<br />
* [[Joginder Shelly]] as Raghunath's friend <br />
* [[Tun Tun]]<br />
* [[Jayshree T.]] as Item number<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! # !! Song !! Singer<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| "Talash Hai Ek Ladki Ki"<br />
| [[Kishore Kumar]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| "Thaamke Jhoole Ki Dori"<br />
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| "Bijuriya Chamke"<br />
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mohammed Rafi]]<br />
|-<br />
| 4<br />
| "Gulshan Gulshan Pyar Ki Baaten"<br />
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mohammed Rafi]]<br />
|-<br />
| 5<br />
| "Is Dil Men Reh Chuke Hai Woh"<br />
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=0213621|title=Do Ladkiyan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1976 films]]<br />
[[Category:1976 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1976 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Kotayya Pratyagatma]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manthrikan&diff=516324Manthrikan2026-03-03T20:49:02Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = {{lang|ml-Latn|Manthrikan}}<br />
| image = Manthrikan-2012.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Anil (director)|Anil]]<br />
| producer = Anand Kumar<br />
| writer = Rajan Kiriyath<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jayaram]]|[[Poonam Bajwa]]|[[Muktha (actress)|Muktha George]]|[[Kalabhavan Shajohn]]|[[Ramesh Pisharody]]}}<br />
| music = S. Balakrishnan<br />
| cinematography = [[Vaidy S.|Vaidy S. Pillai]]<br />
| editing = <br />
| studio = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|10|05|India}}<br />
| runtime = 125 minutes<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{lang|ml-Latn|Manthrikan|cat=no}}|noerror}}<br />
<br />
'''{{lang|ml-Latn|Manthrikan}}''' ({{Translation|The Magician}}) is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2012|2012]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[comedy horror]] film directed by [[Anil (director)|Anil]], produced by Anand Kumar, and written by Rajan Kiriyath. The film stars [[Jayaram]], [[Poonam Bajwa]], and [[Muktha (actress)|Muktha George]] in the lead roles.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130202045515/http://www.sify.com/movies/Jayaram-in-and-as-Manthrikan-imagegallery-malayalam-mhmj51gdcjj.html?html=5 "Jayaram in and as Manthrikan"]</ref> The music was composed by S. Balakrishnan. The film released on 5 October 2012, and it was panned by critics and audiences alike. The movie was dubbed in Hindi as ''Chandramukhi Ki Pratigya'' and in Tamil with the same name.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Mukundan Unni is a [[Tantra|tantric magician]] and exorcist. He is not really keen about his father's tantric magic skills and is whiling away his time with two dumb cronies in a remote village.<br />
<br />
There he meets a girl named Malu, who has no memories about her past but falls pretty easily for the hero after a couple of songs. However, they get separated soon after.<br />
<br />
Some years later, he is called by a wealthy family to exorcise a spirit called Rukkumani from their palatial house, Shenoy Mandir. There, he comes across Malu again under the name Chandana. He vows to get her back after she fails to recognise him.<br />
<br />
Mukundan then remembers his father's teachings and starts learning from the ancient ''thaliyolas'' passed from generation to generation. He manages to bring Malu (Rukku) to the ''manthrakalam''. Here he finds out about Rukku's past; a girl from a poor background who loved a person from the Shenoy Mandir. When the three brothers in the Shenoy Mandir got to know of the affair, they killed Rukku's family and burnt Rukku alive. Her lover, horrified at the sight, jumped into the flames and committed suicide. Since then, Rukku became a vengeful soul and killed two of the three brothers.<br />
<br />
Mukundan was just about trap Rukku into a wooden doll when the Shenoy family came in, interrupting the pooja and freeing Rukku, who once more possesses Malu. One night Malu (Rukku) tries to kill the third brother. However, she is stopped by Mukundan and exorcised, freeing her from the world. Without asking for anything in return, Mukundan starts to leave. Just as he was about to leave, the third brother gives Malu to Mukundan.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
* [[Jayaram]] as Mukundan Unni alias Manthrikan<br />
* [[Poonam Bajwa]] as Chandana/ Malu<br />
* [[Muktha (actress)|Muktha George]] as Rukkumani (Rukku)<br />
* [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] as Shekharan Kutty<br />
* [[Ramesh Pisharody]] as Subrahmanyan<br />
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as Giridhar (Giri)<br />
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as Usthad Maambaram Maayankutty Sheikh / Payaruvila Pappan<br />
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Shenoy<br />
* [[Indrans]] as Unniyathiri<br />
* [[Natasha Doshi]] as Dia<br />
* [[Biyon]]<br />
* [[Anil Murali]]<br />
* [[Kottayam Nazeer]]<br />
* Jayan<br />
* [[Mahesh (Malayalam actor)|Mahesh]]<br />
* Dr. Sudhi Indran<br />
* [[Nila Raj]] as Malu's friend<br />
* Sukanya<br />
* Swapna Menon<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The film was directed by Anil, of the Anil-Babu screenwriter-director duo. The film was mainly shot from various parts of [[Kottayam district]] in [[Kerala]]. The film completed production which was in the production stage for quite a long time was completed in July 2012.<ref>[http://asianetindia.com/jayarams-manthrikan-finally-wraps-up-the-shoot/ "Jayaram's ‘Manthrikan’ finally wraps up the shoot"]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://localnews.rediff.com/location#!kottayam-kottayam-kerala-india-Jayaram%27s-Manthrikan-finally-wraps-up-the-shoot |title="Jayaram's Manthrikan Finally Wraps Up The Shoot" |access-date=10 December 2012 |archive-date=16 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416021721/http://localnews.rediff.com/location#!kottayam-kottayam-kerala-india-Jayaram%27s-Manthrikan-finally-wraps-up-the-shoot |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
The film was panned by critics. Rating the film {{rating|2|5}}, Aswin J. Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' said, "In ''Manthrikan'', there are two elements that persistently try to outsmart the other in terms of producing the desired effects. While the comic script of this film is horrifying for most part, the horror element does the opposite." He concluded the review which mostly criticised the script and direction saying, "An ineffective narrative that is uncertain about mixing horror and humour ruins ''Manthrikan''."<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/16720628.cms "Manthrikan Movie Review"]</ref> Veeyen of Nowrunning.com rated the film {{rating|1|5}} and said, "For the first time in my life, I fervently wished I had learned some magic. Magic, that could swiftly ship me away from the torturous times that this film was putting me through, late in the night as half the world lay peacefully asleep in their beds."<ref>[http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/10225/malayalam/manthrikan/3929/review.htm "Manthrikan Review"]</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Malayalam horror films]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130326144034/http://www.sify.com/movies/manthrikan-review-malayalam-15009499.html Review]: [[Sify.com]]<br />
* [http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/10225/malayalam/manthrikan/3929/review.htm Review]: Nowrunning.com<br />
<br />
[[Category:2012 films]]<br />
[[Category:2012 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian haunted house films]]<br />
[[Category:2012 horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot at Varikkasseri Mana]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Ottapalam]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by S. Balakrishnan (composer)]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhairava_Dweepam&diff=458017Bhairava Dweepam2026-03-03T18:20:14Z<p>Samwaterman2016: reworked lead per standard format per sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1994 film by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Bhairava Dweepam<br />
| image = Bhairava Dweepam.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]<br />
| writer = [[Raavi Kondala Rao]]<br/>Singeetam Srinivasa Rao<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| producer = [[B. Venkatrama Reddy]]<br />
| starring = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]]<br />[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]<br />
| cinematography = Kabir Lal<br />
| editing = D. Raja Gopal<br />
| music = [[Madhavapeddi Suresh]]<br />
| studio = Chandamama Vijaya Combines<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|4|14}}<br />
| runtime = 162 minutes<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=518 |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = {{INR}}4.5 [[crore]]<br />
}}'''''Bhairava Dweepam''''' ({{translation|'Bhairava's island'}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[high fantasy]] film co-written and directed by [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]. Starring [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] and [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] in lead roles, the film features Vijaya Rangaraja as the titular antagonist, Bhairava. The supporting cast includes [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]], and [[Babu Mohan]]. The story follows Vijay, a young man raised by a tribal chieftain, who embarks on a mission to rescue Princess Padmavati from the evil wizard Bhairava.<br />
<br />
Produced by [[B. Venkatrama Reddy]] under the Chandamama Vijaya Pictures banner, ''Bhairava Dweepam'' aimed to revive the folklore-fantasy genre in Telugu cinema. [[Raavi Kondala Rao]] co-wrote the script with director Srinivasa Rao and oversaw the film's production. Filming began in June 1993, with [[principal photography]] taking place at [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]] and various challenging outdoor locations, including a waterfall in [[Kemmangundi]]. The production, which spanned 240 days with a budget of ₹4.5 [[crore]], faced significant logistical challenges. Cinematography was handled by Kabir Lal, and the film predominantly relied on practical effects, supplemented by a limited use of visual graphics.<br />
<br />
Released in April 1994, ''Bhairava Dweepam'' was a major commercial success, completing a 100-day theatrical run in 28 centres. It also achieved a 50-day run in 59 centres during its initial release, setting a record for a Telugu film at the time.<ref name=":11" /> The film received critical acclaim and won ten [[Nandi Awards]], including [[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for Singeetam Srinivasa Rao.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=21 September 2019 |title=Happy Birthday Singeetham Srinivasa Rao: 5 monumental films of the versatile director |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-singeetham-srinivasa-rao-5-monumental-films-of-the-versatile-director/photostory/71233022.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021211654/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-singeetham-srinivasa-rao-5-monumental-films-of-the-versatile-director/photostory/71233022.cms |archive-date=21 October 2019 |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was dubbed into Tamil as ''Vijaya Prathapan'' and also into Hindi. The film is regarded as a landmark in Telugu fantasy cinema.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=CR |first=Hemanth Kumar |date=5 February 2020 |title=7 Telugu films you must check out if you love the fantasy genre |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/best-telugu-fantasy-films-oh-baby-eega-pathala-bhairavi-sridevi-telegu-films |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925204243/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/best-telugu-fantasy-films-oh-baby-eega-pathala-bhairavi-sridevi-telegu-films |archive-date=25 September 2022 |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=[[Vogue India]]}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=20 May 2017 |title=Bhairava Dweepam a retake on folklore |url=https://archive.telanganatoday.com/bhairava-dweepam-retake-folklore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623111041/https://archive.telanganatoday.com/bhairava-dweepam-retake-folklore |archive-date=23 June 2021 |access-date=23 June 2021 |work=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
The film begins in the Chandraprabha Dynasty with King Jayachandra deserting a woman, Vasundhara, after she gives birth to a baby boy. Distraught, Jayachandra searches for her, but on a stormy night, Vasundhara loses her child, who is then found and raised by a tribal chieftain as Vijay. Shattered, Vasundhara attempts suicide but is saved by a hermit, Jamadagni, who consoles her and gives her a flower that will bloom as long as her son is alive. Years pass, and Vijay grows into a brave and courteous young man. <br />
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Vijay's foster family aspires to obtain a divine liquid from a special tree that grants youthfulness. He sets off with his brother Kondanna, where he meets and falls in love with Princess Padmavati, the daughter of King Brahmananda Bhupathi, who reciprocates his feelings. One night, Vijay sneaks into the palace to meet Padmavati, successfully evading the guards. Meanwhile, Jayachandra is blinded, and his foolish sons, Uttar and Dakshin, take over the throne, exiling him to the desert. Brahmananda invites the princes to a [[Svayamvara|Swayamvaram]] to marry Padmavati, honouring a promise to Jayachandra. Vijay, disguised as a prince, attends with Kondanna. When his true identity is revealed, he flees, but Padmavati declares her intention to marry him.<br />
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The story shifts to Bhairava Dweepam, a mystical island where the malevolent wizard Bhairava seeks immortality. He believes that sacrificing a virgin born at sunrise under the [[Revati (nakshatra)|Revati star]] and the [[Pisces (astrology)|Pisces]] zodiac sign will grant him immense powers. Acting on this belief, Bhairava abducts Padmavathi, placing her under a trance and taking her to the island during a [[full moon]] night to perform the ritual.<br />
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The following morning, Padmavathi awakens with fragmented memories of the abduction and falls gravely ill. Doctors attribute her condition to [[black magic]]. Meanwhile, in the palace, Brahmananda accuses Vijay of being responsible for the events and has him imprisoned and tortured. Determined to save Padmavathi, Vijay escapes captivity and seeks refuge at Jamadagni's [[Ashram|asram]]. There, Vasundhara nurses his injuries and gifts him a protective bracelet to shield him from evil forces on his quest to rescue Padmavathi.<br />
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On the full moon night, Vijay sneaks into the palace and sees a green fog transporting Padmavati. Protected by his bracelet, he follows the fog to the island. There, he breaks the curse of a nymph who gives him a ring that can reverse Bhairava's magic and warns him not to confront the wizard yet. Vijay uses the ring to bring Padmavati out of her trance and escapes with her on a magic bed. Bhairava attacks them with a [[Gandabherunda]] bird, causing Vijay to fall into the sea. A pair of mischievous devils find him and recount their past as Bhairava's servants, who were freed by the kick of a blind Jayachandra. Grateful, Jayachandra asks them for food, but a flying horse prevents him from eating as punishment. The devils request Vijay's help, and with his music, Vijay convinces the horse to restore Jayachandra's vision.<br />
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The horse grants Vijay a boon to transport him to mysterious places. The devils inform Vijay about a Satha-Ratna necklace that can protect Padmavati, located in Yakshinilokam. Vijay embarks on this journey, asking Jayachandra to stay in their village. Meanwhile, Brahmananda offers half his kingdom and Padmavati's hand to anyone who rescues her. With the help of four [[Little people (mythology)|little people]], Vijay reaches Yakshinilokam, deceives a Yakshiki, and wins the necklace after many challenges. Angered, the Yakshini curses Vijay, turning him into a vile creature, but tells him the necklace will be effective unless it falls or he reveals himself. At Jamadagni's asram, the flower darkens, worrying Vasundhara, but Jamadagni reassures her that her son is safe.<br />
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Vijay, in disguise, manages to place the necklace on Padmavati. Brahmananda reluctantly arranges a wedding between the cursed Vijay and Padmavati. Bhairava's acolyte, disguised as a priest, claims Vijay stole the necklace. Padmavati throws it away, and Bhairava abducts her. Vijay rushes to Jamadagni's asram for help, where Vasundhara recognizes him as her son. Following Jamadagni's instructions, Vijay calls the magic horse, but it cannot transport him due to the curse. Vasundhara takes on the curse, allowing Vijay to ride the horse to Bhairava Dweepam. Vijay defeats Bhairava, and the island collapses. The Goddess appears and lifts Vasundhara's curse. The film concludes with Vijay and Padmavati's marriage and the union of the Chandraprabha and Karthikeya dynasties.<br />
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== Cast ==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
*[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as Vijay<br />
*[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Padmavathi<br />
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Brahmananda Bhupati<br />
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Jayachandra Maharaju<br />
*[[K. R. Vijaya]] as Vasundhara<br />
*Vijaya Rangaraja as Bhairava<br />
*[[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Dakshin<br />
*[[Giri Babu]] as Uttar<br />
*[[Babu Mohan]] as Kondanna<br />
*[[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]] as Jamadagni Maharshi<br />
*[[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]] as Mattepa Sastry<br />
*Malladi<br />
*[[Suthi Velu]] as an Allari Deyyam<br />
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as an Allari Deyyam<br />
*Vinod as Soora Varma<br />
*Bhimeswara Rao<br />
*[[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula|Chitti Babu]] as a [[Little people (mythology)|Lilliputian]]<br />
*[[Visweswara Rao]] as a Lilliputian<br />
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]<br />
*[[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]] as Padma's mother<br />
*Radhabai<br />
*[[Rajitha]] as Madanika<br />
*Attili Lakshmi<br />
*Sailaja<br />
*[[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] as Yakshini ([[Cameo appearance]])<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<br />
=== Development ===<br />
''Bhairava Dweepam'' was produced by Chandamama Vijaya Combines, a production banner founded in 1991 by B. Venugopala Reddy, B. Viswanatha Reddy, and [[B. Venkatrama Reddy]], the sons of producer [[B. Nagi Reddi|B. Nagi Reddy]], who was known for producing influential films like ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]'' (1951).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-14 |title=రికార్డులు సృష్టించిన 'భైరవద్వీపం'కు 26 ఏళ్లు |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/sitara/cinema/bhiravadweepam-balakrishna-movie-has-completed-26-years/na20200414105835049 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=te}}</ref> Inspired by their father's legacy and the success of ''Pathala Bhairavi'', the brothers sought to revive the "janapada" (folklore fantasy) genre in Telugu cinema.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=27 December 2005 |title=Balakrishna Top Ten Films - Part Two |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/balakrishnatopten-2.php |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |archive-date=29 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429011201/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/balakrishnatopten-2.php |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><br />
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The company's first Telugu film, ''[[Brundavanam]]'' (1992), directed by [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]], was a commercial success. Building on this, the brothers decided to produce ''Bhairava Dweepam'' as their second project, aiming to reinvigorate the folklore-fantasy genre, which had been underexplored since ''Mohini Sapatham'' (1986), directed by [[B. Vittalacharya|Vittalacharya]].<ref name=":5" /> The film's title, ''Bhairava Dweepam'', was inspired by ''Pathala Bhairavi'', blending the elements of "Bhairavi" and "Dweepam" (meaning island) to pay homage to the classic.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Pulagam Chinnarayana |author-link=Pulagam Chinnarayana |title=సంభ్రమాశ్చర్యపరిచే సాహసం భైరవ ద్వీపం |url=https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aNmTGfJQxR8/S8WoL2dQtsI/AAAAAAAACfY/WDQTopKLwcU/s1600/xd0sl.jpg |access-date=2024-12-25 |website= |publisher=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |via=Ghostarchive |archive-date=25 December 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241225101234/https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_aNmTGfJQxR8/S8WoL2dQtsI/AAAAAAAACfY/WDQTopKLwcU/s1600/xd0sl.jpg |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><br />
<br />
Directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao, who had also directed ''Brundavanam'', the film was produced under the presentation of Venugopala Reddy and Viswanatha Reddy, with Venkatrama Reddy serving as the producer. [[Raavi Kondala Rao]], a journalist and actor with over 25 years of experience at Vijaya Productions, played a key role in the production of ''Bhairava Dweepam''. In addition to overseeing production, he wrote the story, offering a fresh take on traditional folk tales, and also penned the dialogues.<ref name=":5" /> Singeetam Srinivasa Rao wrote the screenplay. Kondala Rao acknowledged the influence of Vijaya Productions' films and some [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] films on certain scenes.<ref name=":12" /><br />
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=== Casting ===<br />
[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], impressed by the story's resemblance to ''Pathala Bhairavi''—which starred his father, [[N. T. Rama Rao]]—readily agreed to play the lead role.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 November 2020 |title='భైరవద్వీపం' కోసం నానాపటేకర్, అమ్రిష్ పూరి |url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/Behind-the-story-of-Bhairava-Dweepam/0208/120129373 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101042454/https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/behind-the-story-of-bhairava-dweepam/0208/120129373 |archive-date=1 November 2020 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref> In the film, Balakrishna plays an adventurous young man who is cursed and becomes a [[Kyphosis|hunchback]], marking a shift from his usual mass hero roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chelluboyina |first=Suresh |date=2022-06-10 |title=అదీ బాలయ్య అంటే, 'భైరవద్వీపం'లో బాలకృష్ణ అలా చేస్తారని ఎవ్వరూ అనుకోలేదట! రాళ్లు గుచ్చుకున్నా.. |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/balakrishna-birthday-special-interesting-facts-balayya-s-bhairava-dweepam-movie-37031 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref> The fact that Balakrishna portrayed a hunchback character was kept under wraps until the film's release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-10 |title=ఆ రోజుల్లో అద్దె సైకిళ్లపై షికార్లు.. బాలయ్య గురించి మరిన్ని విశేషాలు |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/entertainment/movie/nandamuri-balakrishna-62th-birhtday-special-story/na20220610050038131131360 |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=te}}</ref> The transformation required two hours of makeup, and Balakrishna followed a juice-based diet to minimize time spent in the makeup chair.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2021 |title=Bhairava Dweepam: బాలకృష్ణను అలా చూసి షాకైపోయారు! |url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/behind-the-story-of-bhairava-dweepam/0208/121128014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624172603/https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/newsarticle/behind-the-story-of-bhairava-dweepam/0208/121128014 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref><br />
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[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], a leading actress of the time, was cast as the female lead. The film marked the first collaboration between Balakrishna and Roja, who would later go on to act together in several films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thanjavur |first=Kiran Kumar |date=20 April 2022 |title=Balakrishna - Roja : మంత్రి అయిన తర్వాత బాలకృష్ణ పై అలాంటి వ్యాఖ్యలు చేసిన రోజా.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/balakrishna-roja-ap-minister-roja-interesting-comments-on-hindupur-mla-nandamuri-balakrishna-here-are-the-details-ta-1273702-page-5.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=[[News18]] |language=te}}</ref> [[K. R. Vijaya]] and [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] were chosen to portray Balakrishna’s parents, while the supporting cast included [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]], [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]], [[Radha Kumari]], and [[Babu Mohan]]. [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] appeared in a special role as a [[Yakshini]], and comic roles were performed by [[Giri Babu]] and [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]]. [[Visweswara Rao]] and [[Chitti Babu (Telugu actor)|Chitti Babu]] played the roles of [[Little people (mythology)|little people]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-23 |title=వెండితెర చిత్ర రాజం: భైరవద్వీపం సినిమా గురించి ఆసక్తికర విశేషాలు |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/sitara/cinema/bhairava-dweepam-movie-highlights/ts20210623163026501 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=te}}</ref><br />
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For the role of the antagonist Bhairavudu, the filmmakers sought an actor with a strong screen presence similar to [[S. V. Ranga Rao]]. Initial considerations included Hindi actors [[Nana Patekar]] and [[Amrish Puri]].<ref name=":0" /> Producer Venkatarama Reddy later decided to cast Malayalam actor Rajkumar after being impressed by his performance in the film ''[[Vietnam Colony]]'' (1992). Upon learning that Rajkumar was a Telugu person, the decision was finalized. He was introduced under the screen name "Vijaya Rangaraja" to align with the legacy of the Vijaya production house and S. V. Ranga Rao’s contributions.<ref name=":0" /><br />
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=== Filming ===<br />
[[Principal photography]] for ''Bhairava Dweepam'' commenced on 25 June 1993, with an opening ceremony held at [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]] in [[Madras]] (now Chennai). The event was attended by prominent figures, including [[Rajinikanth]], who gave the ceremonial clap, [[Chiranjeevi]], who switched on the camera, and N. T. Rama Rao, who provided honorary direction. The [[Muhurat shot|first shot]] was filmed with lead actors Balakrishna and Roja. Kabir Lal, who had worked with director Srinivasa Rao on ''[[Aditya 369]]'' (1991), handled cinematography for the film.<ref name=":4" /> After the opening ceremony, the song "Naruda O Naruda," featuring Balakrishna and Rambha, was filmed. Due to shots involving dwarf characters, the song took about a month to complete.<ref name=":12" /><br />
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The production moved to a challenging site for a key sequence filmed at a waterfall near [[Kemmangundi]] in the [[Chikmagalur district]] of [[Karnataka]]. Surrounded by towering hills, the location required the construction of a shrine and a statue of [[Parvati|Goddess Parvati]].<ref name=":12" /> These sequences, featuring Balakrishna, K. R. Vijaya, and [[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]], were accompanied by the song "Ambaa Sambhavi." Accessing the remote location posed significant logistical challenges. The team had to undertake a car ride followed by a [[Jeep]] journey and then trek 1 kilometre through water, crossing a bridge to reach the site. The crew faced additional difficulties from [[Leech|leeches]] in the water, necessitating the use of lime to repel them. While Balakrishna and K. R. Vijaya managed the trek with assistance, 80-year-old Mikkilineni required the support of four assistants daily. The site's geography further complicated the filming process. Due to the surrounding hills, the area received sunlight only between 12 PM and 2 PM, allowing for a limited shooting window. Without artificial lighting, outdoor scenes, including the song, had to be completed within this brief timeframe. Additional scenes, including horse chase sequences, were filmed in the forest near the waterfall.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
The action sequences involving horses were filmed using tripping wires to create the effect of horses falling during arrow attacks.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Bhairava Dweepam: 'భైరవద్వీపం'లో సెన్సార్ కట్ లేదు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/no-cencor-cut-for-bhairava-dweepam/0208/122027257 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}</ref> While this technique effectively depicted the required visuals, it posed risks of injury to the animals, including potential broken legs. To mitigate this, handlers and horse owners promptly checked the horses after filming and provided veterinary care when necessary. During the censor review, these scenes were highlighted, with the board clearing the film without cuts but cautioning that [[Animal rights activism|animal rights]] activists might raise concerns. However, the scenes ultimately avoided scrutiny and were retained in the final release.<ref name=":10" /><br />
<br />
Indoor sequences were filmed at Vijaya Vauhini Studios. One particularly challenging scene, featuring a mirror demon, required significant effort from cinematographer Kabir Lal. Night shoots were conducted for scenes involving a flying bed to achieve the desired effect. Large cranes were used for sequences involving the [[Gandabherunda]] bird, while small [[Figurine|figurines]] were created for the dwarf characters. These figurines were remotely controlled by engineers to simulate climbing movements.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
For the song "Sri Tumbura Naarada," Balakrishna dedicated considerable time to rehearsing the [[Gamaka (music)|gamakas]] and lyrics. He would travel to [[Marina Beach]] in Madras early every morning for practice.<ref name=":12" /> The film, one of the earliest Telugu productions to utilize computer graphics, incorporated a limited amount of visuals due to the technological limitations of the time. These graphics were created by experts trained in the [[United States]]. The production spanned 240 days and was completed on a budget of approximately ₹4.5 [[crore]].<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Bhairava Dweepam<br />
| type = film<br />
| artist = [[Madhavapeddi Suresh]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 1994<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = Soundtrack<br />
| length = 29:17<br />
| label = Supreme Music<br />
| producer = [[Madhavapeddi Suresh]]<br />
| prev_title = Madam<br />
| prev_year = 1993<br />
| next_title = Maatho Pettukoku<br />
| next_year = 1995<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The music for ''Bhairava Dweepam'' was composed by [[Madhavapeddi Suresh]], with the audio soundtrack released under the Supreme Music Company label. The music received critical acclaim and played a key role in the film's success.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11" /> [[Thaman S|Thaman]], then aged 10, played drums for the film as part of the recording team.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-25 |title=National Award-winning composer Thaman shares a 28-year-old picture from the recording studio |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/national-award-winning-composer-thaman-shares-a-28-year-old-picture-from-the-recording-studio/articleshow/93106156.cms |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title='భైరవ ద్వీపం' నుంచే నాకు తమన్ తెలుసు, అప్పటి సంగతులు చెప్పిన బాలయ్య! |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/ott-webseries/nandamuri-balakrishna-comments-on-thaman-37881 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=[[ABP Desam]] |language=te}}</ref><br />
<br />
The soundtrack features six songs, including two duets and four solo tracks. The selection of songs took nearly three months to finalize. "Amba Sambhavi" was composed in [[Hamsanandi]] raga, and "Naruda O Naruda" was composed in [[Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)|Sindu Bhairavi]] raga. "Virisinadi Vasanta Gaanam," composed in [[Mohanakalyani]] raga, has lyrics written by director Singeetam Srinivasa Rao.<ref name=":5" /> <br />
<br />
The song "Sri Tumbura Narada" was modelled after "Siva Sankari" from ''[[Jagadekaveeruni Katha]]'' (1961).<ref name=":12" /> It was composed in a blend of ragas such as [[Abheri]], [[Mohanam|Mohana]], [[Hindolam]], Saraswati, [[Chakravakam (raga)|Chakravakam]], and [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]], and became an instant success. [[Veturi]], known for his quick lyric-writing, took a week to complete the lyrics. Madhavapeddi Suresh spent a month composing and recording the music.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
Among the duet songs, "Entha Entha Vintha Mohamo," composed in [[Brindavani Sarang]] raga, was sung by Sandhya, the niece of [[P. Susheela|P. Suseela]]. The other duet, "Ghataina Prema Ghatana," was composed in [[Shuddha Saveri]] raga.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 29:17<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| all_lyrics = <br />
| all_music = <br />
| title1 = Entha Entha Vintha Mohamo<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]<br />
| extra1 = [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Sandhya<br />
| length1 = 5:46<br />
| title2 = Ghataina Prema Ghatana<br />
| lyrics2 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry<br />
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]<br />
| length2 = 3:54<br />
| title3 = Sri Thumbura Naaradha<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Veturi]]<br />
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br />
| length3 = 5:51<br />
| title4 = Virisinadhee Vasanta Gaanam<br />
| lyrics4 = [[Singeetham Srinivasa Rao]]<br />
| extra4 = Chitra<br />
| length4 = 4:59<br />
| title5 = Narudaa O Narudaa<br />
| lyrics5 = Veturi<br />
| extra5 = [[S. Janaki]]<br />
| length5 = 4:34<br />
| title6 = Ambaa Sambhavi<br />
| lyrics6 = Vaddepalli Krishna<br />
| extra6 = S. Janaki<br />
| length6 = 4:02<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
''Bhairava Dweepam'' was cleared by the censor board without any cuts and released on 14 April 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thanjavur |first=Kiran Kumar |date=2023-08-27 |title=Bhairava Dweepam Re Release: బాలయ్యకు ప్రత్యేకమైన రోజున 'భైరవ ద్వీపం' రీ రిలీజ్.. ట్రైలర్ విడుదల.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/nbk-balakrishna-bhairava-dweepam-re-release-on-30th-august-in-4k-technology-ta-2075672.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=[[News18]] |language=te}}</ref> Despite initial skepticism within the industry about the viability of a folklore film in the 1990s, the film emerged as a commercial success, completing a theatrical run of over 100 days in 28 centres.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title="Bhairavadweepam" 100 days centres list! |url=https://cinemacinemacinemasite.wordpress.com/2019/02/06/bhairavadweepam-100-days-centres-list/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Cinema Cinema Cinema |date=6 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> It also achieved a 50-day run in 59 centres during its initial release, setting a record for a Telugu film at the time.<ref name=":11" /> The film performed well even in some smaller towns of [[Karnataka]] and [[Odisha|Orissa]]. Its silver jubilee celebration was held at the Vijaya Seshamahal in Madras. The film was later dubbed into Tamil as ''Vijaya Prathapan'', achieving success in Tamil Nadu. It was also dubbed in Hindi.<ref name=":5" /><br />
<br />
The success of ''Bhairava Dweepam'' bolstered the confidence of the production team, inspiring them to collaborate again on a mythological film, ''[[Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam]]'' (1996). However, this venture failed to replicate the success of its predecessor.<ref name=":11" /><br />
<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
The film was praised for its costumes, music and technicality.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=20 June 1995 |title=Disappointing year for Telugu cinema |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950701/03/3026a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961222223335/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950701/03/3026a.html |archive-date=22 December 1996 |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=26}}</ref> K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' while reviewing the Tamil dubbed version ''Vijaya Prathapan'' praised Balakrishna's performance, the special effects and production design, calling it an "enjoyable 'raja-rani' film".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K |date=15 January 1995 |title=Down memory lane with enjoyable 'raja-rani' film |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0s5OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ahMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6928,2454384 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604062423/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0s5OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ahMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6928,2454384 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=30 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
''Bhairava Dweepam'' is considered a significant film in Telugu fantasy cinema, drawing on elements of Telugu folklore. In 2020, ''[[Vogue India]]'' called it a standout fantasy film and listed it among seven must-watch Telugu films for fantasy fans.<ref name=":2" /> ''[[Film Companion]]'' also praised it as one of the better examples of the genre, highlighting its imaginative aspects like a flying bed and a swashbuckling hero.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Keramalu |first=Karthik |date=5 July 2021 |title=The Good, The Mediocre, And Oh-My-God-What's-Happening In Telugu Fantasy Movies |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/best-telugu-movies-fantasy-on-amazon-prime-netflix-hotstar-youtube-jagadeka-veerudu-athiloka-sundari-eega-akhil-bhairava-dweepam-sahasa-veerudu-sagara-kanya/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220925130912/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/best-telugu-movies-fantasy-on-amazon-prime-netflix-hotstar-youtube-jagadeka-veerudu-athiloka-sundari-eega-akhil-bhairava-dweepam-sahasa-veerudu-sagara-kanya/ |archive-date=25 September 2022 |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film has left a lasting impact on the industry. Director [[Venkatesh Maha]] credited ''Bhairava Dweepam'' with significantly influencing his childhood and career, commending its boldness and the unique emotional response it evoked in him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2022 |title=Maha eyes NBK for his psychological drama |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/maha-nbk.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> Additionally, director [[Nag Ashwin]] has cited ''Bhairava Dweepam'', alongside ''Aditya 369'', as among his favourite films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-18 |title=Nag Ashwin – Kalki 2898 AD is like the climax of all Indian epics |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/nag-ashwin-kalki-2898-ad-is-like-the-climax-of-all-indian-epics.html |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=123Telugu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-19 |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Director Nag Ashwin Says He Took Five Years to Write The Story |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-it-took-five-years-to-write-the-story-says-director-nag-ashwin-enn24061906753 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> Actor and producer [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]] has acknowledged the film as an inspiration for his 2022 project, [[Bimbisara (film)|''Bimbisara'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=27 July 2022 |title=Nandamuri Kalyan Ram on Bimbisara: Always had a huge fascination for socio-fantasies and folklore films |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/nandamuri-kalyan-ram-on-bimbisara-always-had-a-huge-fascination-for-socio-fantasies-and-folklore-films/205edc8c42156 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925135628/https://www.ottplay.com/news/nandamuri-kalyan-ram-on-bimbisara-always-had-a-huge-fascination-for-socio-fantasies-and-folklore-films/205edc8c42156 |archive-date=25 September 2022 |access-date=25 September 2022 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008) |trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008) |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2015 |access-date=21 August 2020 |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]] |language=Telugu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalidindi |first=Bhimaraju |date=24 July 1996 |title=Nandi Award Winners for 1994 & 1995 |url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/soc.culture.indian.telugu/eelL1-mqFsE |access-date=12 November 2022 |website=[[Google Groups]] |archive-date=15 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215234906/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/soc.culture.indian.telugu/eelL1-mqFsE |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Third Best Feature Film – Bronze]] – [[B. Venkatarami Reddy]]<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – [[Singeetam Srinivas Rao]]<br />
* [[ Nandi Award for Best Actress |Best Actress ]]- [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] for the song "Sri Thumabara Narada"<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] – [[S. Janaki]] for the song "Naruda O Naruda Yemi Korikaa"<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Makeup Artist|Best Makeup Artist]] – M. Sathyam<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Costume Designer|Best Costume Designer]] – Kondala Reddy<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Audiographer|Best Audiographer]] – Kolli Ramakrishna<br />
* [[Nandi Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]] – Peketi Ranga<br />
* [[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]] – Kabir Lal for Best Photography<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
{{Singeetam Srinivasa Rao}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1990s fantasy action films]]<br />
[[Category:1990s fantasy adventure films]]<br />
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1994 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1994 films]]<br />
[[Category:Fictional-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br />
[[Category:Films about witchcraft]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Madhavapeddi Suresh]]<br />
[[Category:High fantasy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian fantasy action films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian fantasy adventure films]]<br />
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Govinda_Govinda_(2021_film)&diff=501120Govinda Govinda (2021 film)2026-03-03T12:15:44Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Made basic post needs work</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2021 Indian Kannada comedy thriller film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Govinda Govinda<br />
| image = Govindagovinda.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = Thilak<br />
| writer = [[Vivek Athreya]]<br />
| story = <br />
| based_on = ''[[Brochevarevarura]]''<br />
| producer = S. Shailendra Babu <br/> M. K. Kishore <br/> Ravi R. Garani<br />
| starring = [[Sumanth Shailendra]] <br /> [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] <br /> [[Roopesh Shetty]] <br /> [[Kavitha Gowda]]<br />
| cinematography = K. S. Chandrasekhar<br />
| editing = C. Ravichandra<br />
| music = Pradeep Varma<br />
| studio = Shree Shailendra Productions <br/> LG Creations <br/> Ravi Garani Productions<br />
| distributor = [[Pushkar Films]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|2021|11|26|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 140 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget = <!--Must be attributed to reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No faceless blogs.--><br />
| gross = <!--Must be attributed to reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No faceless blogs.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Govinda Govinda''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Kannada]] [[comedy thriller]] film directed by Thilak, making his debut.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Govinda Govinda's dose of laughter will banish the lockdown hangover, says Thilak - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/govinda-govindas-dose-of-laughter-will-banish-the-lockdown-hangover-says-thilak/articleshow/87869996.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124005724/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/govinda-govindas-dose-of-laughter-will-banish-the-lockdown-hangover-says-thilak/articleshow/87869996.cms|url-status=live|last1=Lokesh |first1=Vinay }}</ref> The film was jointly produced by S. Shailendra Babu,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Govinda Govinda assures quality family entertainment: Shailendra Babu - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/govinda-govinda-assures-quality-family-entertainment-shailendra-babu/articleshow/87909653.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125215344/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/govinda-govinda-assures-quality-family-entertainment-shailendra-babu/articleshow/87909653.cms|url-status=live|last1=Suresh |first1=Sunayana }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=divya.perla|title=Govinda Govinda: ನಮ್ಮ ಸಿನಿಮಾದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋ ಫಸ್ಟ್ ನೈಟ್, ನೋ ಕಾಂಟ್ರವರ್ಸಿ: ಶೈಲೇಂದ್ರ ಬಾಬು|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-movie-govinda-govinda-to-be-released-on-26th-november-dpl-r2yn7u|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125031026/https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-movie-govinda-govinda-to-be-released-on-26th-november-dpl-r2yn7u|url-status=live}}</ref> M. K. Kishore and Ravi R. Garani. It features [[Sumanth Shailendra]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=vaishnavi|title=Breaking News: ಸೆಲ್ಫಿ ಕೇಳಿ ನಟಿಯನ್ನು ಕಿಡ್ನ್ಯಾಪ್ ಮಾಡಿದ ದುಷ್ಕರ್ಮಿ, ವಿಡಿಯೋ ವೈರಲ್!?|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-actress-kavitha-gowda-kidnap-scene-from-govinda-govinda-film-goes-viral-vcs-r37uoz|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128013540/https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-actress-kavitha-gowda-kidnap-scene-from-govinda-govinda-film-goes-viral-vcs-r37uoz|url-status=live}}</ref> in the lead role. The supporting cast includes Vijay Chendur, Pavan and [[Achyuth Kumar]]. The [[Film score|score]] and soundtrack for the film is by Hithan Hasan and the cinematography is by K. S. Chandrasekhar. The film is an official remake of 2019 Telugu film ''[[Brochevarevarura]]''.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
{{No plot|date=October 2021}}<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Sumanth Shailendra]] as Venkatesha<br />
* [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]] as Padmavathi<br />
* [[Roopesh Shetty]] as Srinivas<br />
* [[Kavitha Gowda]] as Alamelu<br />
* [[Vijay Chendoor]] as Hari Dodkunde<br />
* Pavan as Keshav Karade<br />
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Principal Sheshachala, Alamelu's father<br />
* [[Shobaraj]] as Inspector Narayana<br />
* [[V. Manohar]] as Ramana, Venkatesha's father<br />
* [[Padma Vasanthi]] as Ratnamma<br />
* [[Ajay Ghosh]] as Tirupati<br />
* Kaddipudi Chandru as Narahari<br />
* [[K. Manju]] as Producer<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The film was announced in December 2019 after the shoot had started. The film marks comeback of actor [[Sumanth Shailendra]] to Kannada films.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sumanth Shailendra is back with Govinda Govinda - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sumanth-shailendra-is-back-with-govinda-govinda/articleshow/72470874.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=4 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904113908/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sumanth-shailendra-is-back-with-govinda-govinda/articleshow/72470874.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The team had [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]]<ref>{{Cite web|title='ಗೋವಿಂದ ಗೋವಿಂದ' ಅಂತಿದ್ದಾರೆ ನಟಿ ಭಾವನಾ ಮೆನನ್! ಸಾಥ್ ನೀಡಿದ್ರು ನಟ ಸುಮಂತ್|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/bhavana-menon-sumanth-shailendra-kavitha-gowda-starrer-govinda-govinda-movie-ready-for-release/articleshow/77929020.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122034242/https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/bhavana-menon-sumanth-shailendra-kavitha-gowda-starrer-govinda-govinda-movie-ready-for-release/articleshow/77929020.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> reprising the role of [[Nivetha Pethuraj]] and [[Kavitha Gowda]] reprising the role of [[Nivetha Thomas]] from the original.<ref>{{Cite web|title='ಗೋವಿಂದಾ ಗೋವಿಂದಾ' ಚಿತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಕವಿತಾ ಗೌಡ ಭರತನಾಟ್ಯ ಕಲಾವಿದೆ|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/tv-actress-kavitha-gowda-plays-bharathanatya-dancer-in-kannada-movie-govinda-govinda/articleshow/87840404.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122065209/http://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/tv-actress-kavitha-gowda-plays-bharathanatya-dancer-in-kannada-movie-govinda-govinda/articleshow/87840404.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film later had Tulu actor Roopesh Shetty play another male lead role. The filming of the film had taken place in Vijayapura and in and around Bengaluru.<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Govinda Govinda<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = Hithan Hassan<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = <br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = <br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| label = Pushkar Films<br />
| producer = S Shailendra Babu<br />
| prev_title = <br />
| prev_year = <br />
| next_title = <br />
| next_year = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The film's background score and the soundtracks are composed by Hithan Hassan. The music rights were acquired by Pushkar Films.<br />
<br />
{{tracklist<br />
| headline = Tracklist<br />
| title15 = <br />
| title9 = <br />
| length9 = <br />
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| length10 = <br />
| title11 = <br />
| length11 = <br />
| title12 = <br />
| length12 = <br />
| title13 = <br />
| length13 = <br />
| length8 = <br />
| lyrics3 = Vijay Vishwavani<br />
| title8 = <br />
| length15 = <br />
| title16 = <br />
| length16 = <br />
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| length17 = <br />
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| length14 = <br />
| length7 = <br />
| title14 = <br />
| title7 = <br />
| length3 = 4:00<br />
| title4 = Govinda Govinda<br />
| title1 = Modern Suprabhatha<br />
| lyrics1 = Dev Rangabhoomi<br />
| extra1 = Kadab gere Muniraju , Hithan Hassan<br />
| length1 = 2:07<br />
| title2 = Yaarivaro<br />
| lyrics2 = Hithan Hassan<br />
| extra2 = Vyasraj<br />
| length2 = 3:45<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title3 = Kanninda Jaari<br />
| extra3 = [[Anuradha Bhat]]<br />
| total_length = 24:58<br />
| all_lyrics = <br />
| lyrics4 = Hithan Hassan<br />
| extra4 = Anthony Das<br />
| length4 = 4:07<br />
| title5 = Aavarisu<br />
| lyrics5 = Sai Sukanya<br />
| extra5 = Vyasraj<br />
| length5 = 1:32<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| length20 = <br />
| title6 = Manmohe<br />
| length6 = 2:45<br />
| lyrics6 = Hithan Hassan<br />
| extra6 = Hithan Hassan<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
The film was earlier slated to release on 16 April 2021<ref>{{Cite web|title=Govinda Govinda to release on April 16|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/apr/01/govinda-govinda-to-release-on-april-16-2284110.html|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128164535/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/apr/01/govinda-govinda-to-release-on-april-16-2284110.html|url-status=live}}</ref> but owing to [[COVID-19 pandemic]] the film was theatrically released on 26 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=This week's releases: Golden Star Ganesh starrer 'Sakath', 'Govinda Govinda', and 'Amruth Apartments' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-weeks-releases-golden-star-ganesh-starrer-sakath-govinda-govinda-and-amruth-apartments/articleshow/87925013.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126071933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-weeks-releases-golden-star-ganesh-starrer-sakath-govinda-govinda-and-amruth-apartments/articleshow/87925013.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=vaishnavi|title=Film lovers ಸಖತ್ ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ; ಸಖತ್ -ಅಮೃತ ಅಪಾರ್ಟ್ಮೆಂಟ್ -ಗೋವಿಂದ ಗೋವಿಂದ -ಗೋರಿ|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-film-sakkath-govinda-govinda-amrutha-apartment-release-on-november-26th-vcs-r35ve7|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128164602/https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-film-sakkath-govinda-govinda-amrutha-apartment-release-on-november-26th-vcs-r35ve7|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-23|title=ನವೆಂಬರ್ 26ರಂದು 'ಗೋವಿಂದ, ಗೋವಿಂದ' ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ|url=https://www.prajavani.net/entertainment/cinema/on-the-nov-26th-govinda-govinda-kannada-movie-release-886215.html|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Prajavani|language=en|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128022528/https://www.prajavani.net/entertainment/cinema/on-the-nov-26th-govinda-govinda-kannada-movie-release-886215.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[The Times of India|The Times Of India]] gave 3/5 stars stating "Govinda Govinda is a fun ride, filled with humour and thrills. The second half of the story has some good substance. This can make for a good family outing"<ref>{{Citation|title=Govinda Govinda Movie Review: A faithful remake that entertains|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/govinda-govinda/movie-review/87930754.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127044912/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/govinda-govinda/movie-review/87930754.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[The New Indian Express]] gave 2.5/5 stars stating "The comedy-drama, which comes with an underlying message, does make for a one-time watch that had the potential to be a fun ride. "<ref>{{Cite web|title=Govinda Govinda movie review: Fun ride sans the original zest|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/nov/27/govinda-govinda-movie-review-fun-ride-sans-the-original-zest-2388585.html|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127065434/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/nov/27/govinda-govinda-movie-review-fun-ride-sans-the-original-zest-2388585.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt16235128}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Telugu films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paalum_Pazhavum&diff=523537Paalum Pazhavum2026-03-03T09:37:13Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Adding new entry!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Confused|Palum Pazhamum}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Paalum Pazhavum<br />
| image = Paalum Pazhavum.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[V. K. Prakash]]<br />
| writer = Ashish Rajani Unnikrishnan<br />
| producer = Sameer Sait<br/>Vinoth Unnidan<br />
| starring = {{Plain list|<br />
* [[Meera Jasmine]]<br />
* [[Aswin Jose]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = Rahul Deep<br />
| editing = Praveen Prabhakar<br />
| music = '''Songs:'''<br/>Sachin Balu<br/>Joel Johns<br/>Justin-Uday<br/>'''Score:'''<br/>[[Gopi Sundar]]<br />
| studio = 2 Creative Minds<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|08|23}}<br />
| runtime = 145 minutes<ref>{{cite web | title=Paalum Pazhavum | website=BBFC | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/paalum-pazhavum-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdizodq2 | access-date=31 August 2024}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Paalum Pazhavum''''' ({{Translation|The [[milk]] and the [[banana]]}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed by [[V. K. Prakash]] and written by Ashish Rajani Unnikrishnan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meera Jasmine to play lead role in V K Prakash's next film; here's what we know |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/meera-jasmine-to-play-lead-role-in-v-k-prakashs-next-film-heres-what-we-know/3df4e17152906 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Produced under 2 Creative Minds, it stars [[Meera Jasmine]] and [[Aswin Jose]].<ref>{{cite web |title=VK Prakash's film with Meera Jasmine is an age-gap romcom |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vk-prakashs-film-with-meera-jasmine-is-an-age-gap-romcom/articleshow/112726006.cms |website=The Times of India |date=23 August 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=24 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824012608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vk-prakashs-film-with-meera-jasmine-is-an-age-gap-romcom/articleshow/112726006.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was theatrically released on 23 August 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meera Jasmine's 'Paalum Pazhavum' gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meera-jasmines-paalum-pazhavum-gets-a-release-date/article68406205.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=15 July 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811082243/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meera-jasmines-paalum-pazhavum-gets-a-release-date/article68406205.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Paalum Pazhavum started streaming on [[Saina Play]] on 20 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-19 |title=Paalum Pazhavum OTT Release: 4 things to know before you watch Meera Jasmine and Aswin Jose's Malayalam family drama |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/paalum-pazhavum-ott-release-4-things-to-know-before-you-watch-meera-jasmine-and-aswin-joses-family-drama-online-648720.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Paalum Pazhavum on Saina Play |url=https://sainaplay.com/movie/paalum-pazhavum/1dcrkgzo8r8g |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Saina Play |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Meera Jasmine]] as Sumi S.<br />
* [[Aswin Jose]] as Sunil P. Tamarakshan<br />
* [[Shanthi Krishna]] as Sumithra<br />
* [[Rachana Narayanankutty]] as Revathi<br />
* [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] as Raghavan<br />
* [[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Tamarakshan<br />
* [[Nisha Sarangh|Nisha Sarang]] as Janani<br />
* [[Mithun Ramesh]] as Sumesh<br />
* Sumesh Chandran as Peethambaran<br />
* [[Adil Ibrahim]] as Suku<br />
* Shinu Shyamalan<br />
* Thushara Pillai as Bindu <br />
* Anjana Appukuttan as Bank customer <br />
* [[Rajasenan]] as Devu<br />
* Shameer Khan as Sharath PT <br />
* Franco Francis<br />
* Vineeth Ramachandran<br />
* Ranjith Manambarakkat<br />
* Sandhya Rajendran<br />
* Atul Ram Kumar<br />
* Pranav Yesudas<br />
* R J Sooraj<br />
* Babu Sebastian<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The film was announced in February 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Features |first1=C. E. |title=Meera Jasmine releases her next film Paalum Pazhavum's first look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Feb/16/meera-jasmine-releases-her-next-film-paalum-pazhavums-first-look-52111.html |website=Cinema Express |language=en |date=16 February 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=14 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814170732/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Feb/16/meera-jasmine-releases-her-next-film-paalum-pazhavums-first-look-52111.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The filming took place in [[Kochi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=വി.കെ. പ്രകാശ് ഒരുക്കുന്ന മീര ജാസ്മിൻ ചിത്രം; 'പാലും പഴവും' ടൈറ്റിൽ പോസ്റ്റർ പുറത്ത് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/vk-prakash-meera-jasmin-movie-palum-pazhavum-poster-1.9326818 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |date=15 February 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831184335/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/vk-prakash-meera-jasmin-movie-palum-pazhavum-poster-1.9326818 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Palum Pazhavum<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = Sachin Balu, Joel Johns, Justin-Uday<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|8|23}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Palum Pazhavum by Suhail Koya, Titto P Thankachen, Nidheesh Naderi & Vivek Muzhakkunnu on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/palum-pazhavum/1763995637 |date=23 August 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831184337/https://music.apple.com/in/album/palum-pazhavum/1763995637 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = {{Duration|m=24|s=21}}<br />
| label = Panorama Music South<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| producer = <br />
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio<br />
|{{YouTube|kjQI-AxJqCM|Palum Pazhavum(Audio Jukebox)}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The music for the film's soundtrack album was composed by Sachin Balu, Joel Johns and Justin-Uday.<ref name="Music">{{cite web |title=മീരാ ജാസ്മിനും അശ്വിനും പ്രധാനവേഷത്തിലെത്തുന്ന 'പാലും പഴവും', ഓഡിയോ ലോഞ്ച് നടന്നു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/meera-jasmine-ashwin-jose-movie-palum-pazhavum-audio-launch-1.9730361 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |date=16 July 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722153224/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/meera-jasmine-ashwin-jose-movie-palum-pazhavum-audio-launch-1.9730361 |url-status=live }}</ref> The background score is composed by [[Gopi Sundar]].<ref name="Music" /><br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline= Track listing <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length ={{Duration|m=24|s=21}}<br />
| title1 = Kandu Njan<br />
| extra1 = Mubas<br />
| music1 = Sachin Balu<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Suhail Koya]]<br />
| length1 = 3:18<br />
| title2= Ene Kone<br />
| extra2= Zia Ul Haq<br />
| music2= Joel Johns<br />
| lyrics2= Titto P Thankachen<br />
| length2= 3:33<br />
| title3= Palum Pazhavum<br />
| extra3= Abin Thomas<br />
| music3= Justin-Uday<br />
| lyrics3= Nidheesh Naderi<br />
| length3= 2:06<br />
| title4= Njan Ozhuki<br />
| extra4= [[Kapil Kapilan]], Bhadra Rajin<br />
| music4= Sachin Balu<br />
| lyrics4= Vivek Muzhakkunnu<br />
| length4= 3:44<br />
| title5= Kadu Chutti<br />
| extra5= [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]<br />
| music5= Justin-Uday<br />
| lyrics5= Nidheesh Naderi<br />
| length5= 3:10<br />
| title6 = Doorangal<br />
| extra6 = Sachin Balu, Bhadra Rajin<br />
| music6 = Sachin Balu<br />
| lyrics6 = Suhail Koya<br />
| length6 = 4:30<br />
| title7= Kadavule<br />
| extra7= Pranavam Sasi<br />
| music7= [[Gopi Sundar]]<br />
| lyrics7= Suhail Koya<br />
| length7= 4:00<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Vignesh Madhu of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave the film 3/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhu |first1=Vignesh |title='Palum Pazhavum' movie review: Misleading title, but endearing film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Aug/24/palum-pazhavum-movie-review-misleading-title-but-endearing-film |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |date=24 August 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829012853/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Aug/24/palum-pazhavum-movie-review-misleading-title-but-endearing-film |url-status=live }}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film three stars out of five.<ref>{{cite news |title=Palum Pazhavum Movie Review : A thoughtful entertainer that skillfully balances comedy and social commentary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/palumpazhavumreview/movie-review/112744812.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831184353/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/palumpazhavumreview/movie-review/112744812.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Rohit Panikker of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film {{Fraction|3|1|2}} stars out of 5 stars, Meera Jasmine delivers a stunning performance that truly brings Sumi to life, showcasing her depth and ambition. Her ability to convey emotion is remarkable, making her character relatable and compelling. Additionally, she looks radiant and youthful, effortlessly embodying the grace and charm that have defined her throughout her career..<ref>{{cite web |title=Paalum Pazhavum Review: A Fun Comedy Entertainer Presented Well |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/paalum-pazhavum-review-a-fun-comedy-entertainer-presented-well-review-112737278 |website=Times Now |language=en |date=23 August 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828022226/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/paalum-pazhavum-review-a-fun-comedy-entertainer-presented-well-review-112737278 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{imdb title|tt32919669}}<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|India|Film}}<br />
{{V. K. Prakash}}<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
{{2020s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Velaikkaran_(1987_film)&diff=450935Velaikkaran (1987 film)2026-03-03T05:13:28Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Content updated and refined</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1987 film by S. P. Muthuraman}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Velaikkaran 1987 poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[S. P. Muthuraman]]<br />
| screenplay = <!-- [[K. Balachander]] --><br />
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Namak Halaal]]''}}<br />
| producer = Rajam Balachander<br />Pushpa Kandaswamy<br />
| starring = [[Rajinikanth]]<br />[[Sarath Babu]]<br />[[Pallavi (actress)|Pallavi]]<br />[[Amala Akkineni|Amala]]<br />
| cinematography = T. S. Vinayagam<br />
| editing = R. Vittal<br />C. Lancy<br />
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
| studio = [[Kavithalayaa Productions]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1987|03|7}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Velaikkaran''''' ({{IPA|ta|ʋeːlaɪkkaːɾan|pron}} {{translation|Servant}}) is a 1987 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[masala film]] directed by [[S. P. Muthuraman]], starring [[Rajinikanth]], [[Sarath Babu]], [[Amala Akkineni|Amala]] and [[Pallavi (actress)|Pallavi]]. It is a remake of the 1982 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Namak Halaal]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=22 July 2016 |title=King of remakes |work=[[Filmfare]] |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/king-of-remakes-14674-7.html |access-date=18 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109110405/https://www.filmfare.com/features/king-of-remakes-14674-7.html |archive-date=9 November 2019}}</ref> The film was released on 7 March 1987 and became a box office success.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Gajapathy is a loyal employee of Ramraj, who often ends up in violent situations for Ramraj's sake. They suspect Ramraj's cousin Dhanraj of being a threat who eyes Ramraj’s wealth. Gajapathy's wife, Savithri, fears for her husband’s safety. Ramraj entrusts his baby son, Rajkumar, to Savithri's care and also transfers his wealth to Savithri's name. Soon after, Dhanraj kills both Gajapathy and Ramraj. On his deathbed, Gajapathy makes Savithri promise to protect Rajkumar at any cost and preserve the property for him. He also asks her to hide their own son, Ragupathy, with his paternal grandfather, Valayapathy, in Anaipatti village. Savithri, with the help of Ramraj's assistant Nathan, escapes with Rajkumar, while Savithri's maid Annamma takes Ragupathy. Midway, Annamma is stabbed but manages to carry Ragupathy to Valayapathy before dying. Valayapathy assumes Savithri abandoned her biological son and ran off with Ramraj's child for money. He forces her to promise never to reveal that she is Ragupathy's mother to anyone. Later, news arrives that a flight carrying Dhanraj crashed near [[Bombay]], killing him. Savithri and Nathan feel relieved, believing the danger to Rajkumar is over.<br />
<br />
Years later, Ragupathy has grown into a carefree youth and moves to [[Madras]] for work. Unknown to everyone, Dhanraj is still alive; he avoided the flight crash that was thought to have killed him, and the passenger list with his name misled people into believing he died. Dhanraj reveals to his son, Pounraj, that Savithri is Rajkumar's caretaker and orders him to kill Rajkumar, who is in [[Germany]], so he can claim the property. In Madras, Ragupathy runs into Savithri, but neither knows they are mother and son. He meets his village friend Vaiyapuri, a struggling photographer, who takes him to a party at Rajkumar's 5‑star hotel that Pounraj manages. Ragupathy performs at the party, gains Pounraj’s trust, and is hired as a bearer. At the hotel, he meets room‑service captain Kousalya, and they fall in love after Ragupathy beats up a guest who misbehaved with her.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Pounraj tries to have Rajkumar killed while he's [[skiing]] in Germany, but Rajkumar escapes and retrieves a letter from one of the attackers, leading him to suspect Savithri of plotting against him. His guardian tells him that Savithri isn't his biological mother. When Rajkumar returns to Madras, he acts cold toward Savithri and chooses to stay at the hotel, avoiding her. During his birthday celebration, a dog eats the cake and dies, reinforcing Rajkumar's suspicion that Savithri is trying to kill him. Ragupathy gains Rajkumar's trust by exposing a theft at the hotel involving a girl Rajkumar had brought in. When Rajkumar slaps him, Ragupathy quits out of pride, but Rajkumar stops him, apologizes, and hires him as his personal assistant to help uncover threats.<br />
<br />
Soon, Valayapathy arrives disguised as a foreigner and checks into the same hotel. Ragupathy tries to uncover why his grandfather is pretending, but fails. Valayapathy realizes Kousalya loves Ragupathy and accepts their relationship. To test Valayapathy, Ragupathy pretends to be drunk, revealing his true identity and explaining he's been playing a role to see if Ragupathy remains the innocent boy from the village. Meanwhile, Dhanraj hires dancer Nisha to help kill Rajkumar. She reluctantly agrees because Dhanraj's men threaten her mother. Nisha lures Rajkumar on a drive, where goons capture him, but Ragupathy arrives in time to save him. When confronted, Nisha says she didn't see the person behind the plan, fueling Rajkumar’s suspicion toward Savithri.<br />
<br />
Rajkumar confronts Savithri, accusing her of not being his biological mother and of being involved in his father Ramraj's death and property looting. Overhearing this, Ragupathy learns Savithri is his biological mother. Rajkumar, angry, decides to sell the properties, and Savithri pleads with Ragupathy to stop him. Savithri also discovers that Dhanraj is still alive. Ragupathy vows to uncover the truths and force the culprits to confess, so Rajkumar will stop doubting Savithri. Dhanraj's men pose as property buyers, and Ragupathy deliberately distracts and drives them away. He discovers that Pounraj was behind the German attack, and so, he pretends to join Pounraj's plan, but Pounraj secretly records the conversation and shows it to Rajkumar, who then chases Ragupathy out of the hotel. Savithri, believing the recording, beats Ragupathy, but Valayapathy intervenes, revealing that Ragupathy is her son, and they reunite.<br />
<br />
Nathan brings the old documents Savithri wrote for toddler Rajkumar, and Rajkumar finally trusts her and learns that Ragupathy is<br />
Savithri's son. Ragupathy captures Pounraj, learns Dhanraj is alive, and follows him to his hideout in [[Thiruvanmiyur]]. Dhanraj captures Savithri, Valayapathy, Nisha, and her mother, demanding that Ragupathy get Rajkumar to sign the property documents. After Rajkumar signs, Pounraj shoots him, but the papers turn blank—Rajkumar's "death" was a staged ruse planned by Rajkumar and Ragupathy. A fight breaks out, and Pounraj kidnaps Kousalya and escapes with Rajkumar in a lorry, but Ragupathy blocks them, holding Dhanraj hostage. The police arrest Dhanraj and Pounraj, and finally, Savithri is reunited with her sons, Ragupathy and Rajkumar, who are married to Kousalya and Nisha, respectively.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Ragupathy<br />
* [[Amala Akkineni|Amala]] as Kousalya<br />
* [[K. R. Vijaya]] as Savithri<br />
* [[Sarath Babu]] as Rajkumar<br />
* [[Pallavi (actress)|Pallavi]] as Nisha<br />
* [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] as Valayapathy<br />
* [[Senthil]] as Vaiyapuri <br />
* [[R. N. Sudarshan]] as Dhanraj<br />
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Pounraj<br />
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as Nathan, Ramraj's assistant<br />
* S. R. Veeraraghavan as Ramraj, Gajapathy's boss<br />
* [[Achamillai Gopi]] as Hari, Kausalya's brother<br />
* [[Shihan Hussaini]] as a hotel guest<br />
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] as Gajapathy<br />
* [[Typist Gopu]] as Ragupathy's coworker<br />
* [[Omakuchi Narasimhan]] as a villager<br />
* [[Bayilvan Ranganathan]] as Vaiyapuri's customer<br />
* [[Surya Kiran (director)|Master Suresh]]<br />
* [[C. I. D. Sakunthala|A. Sakunthala]] as Nisha's mother<br />
* Vijayachandrika as Annamma<br />
* Puliyur Saroja as a brahmin woman in the song "Maamanukku Mayilapoorethaan"<br />
* [[Pyramid Natarajan]] in a cameo appearance as Rajkumar's guardian in Germany<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
Rajinikanth acted without taking any remuneration, due to the losses the producers suffered from ''[[Sri Raghavendrar]]'' (1985).<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2020 |title=Rajinikanth was the first hero to do film without taking money: Tirupur Subramaniam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-was-the-first-hero-to-do-film-without-taking-money-tirupur-subramaniam/articleshow/77912398.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728155512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajinikanth-was-the-first-hero-to-do-film-without-taking-money-tirupur-subramaniam/articleshow/77912398.cms |archive-date=28 July 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Since the film had scenes revolving in a hotel, those scenes were shot in Chola Hotel{{Clarify|reason=Is it ITC Grand Chola or Chola Sheraton?|date=March 2023}} at Madras (now Chennai) and also at other hotels in Delhi, Kashmir and Agra.<ref>{{Cite web |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்.பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=28 September 2016 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 77: ரஜினி பேசிய இங்கிலீஷ் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/210042-77.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330140832/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/210042-77.html |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> For the song "Mamanukku", Muthuraman who was in search of an old couple made the song's dance choreographer Puliyur Saroja and the film's associate director S. L. Narayanan dance for the song.{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|page=307}} In his memoir ''AVM Thandha SPM'', Muthuraman said the song "Vaa Vaa" was shot at Shimla.{{sfn|Muthuraman|2017|pages=306-307}} However, in his column for ''[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]'', ''Cinema Eduthu Paar'', he said it was shot at Srinagar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=முத்துராமன் |first=எஸ்.பி. |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |date=5 October 2016 |title=சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 78: குளிரால் ரஜினி கால்மீது ஏறிக்கொண்ட அமலா |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/85705-78.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330142332/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/85705-78.html |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics by [[Mu. Metha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Velaikkaran Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraaja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/velaikkaran-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909033616/https://mossymart.com/product/velaikkaran-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |archive-date=9 September 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Velaikaran (1987) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000196 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416013926/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000196 |archive-date=16 April 2013 |access-date=27 December 2013 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> This is the first film where [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] sang for Rajinikanth.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=6 June 2018 |title=Mano : The voice of Rajini |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mano-the-voice-of-rajini/article24096201.ece |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124094638/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mano-the-voice-of-rajini/article24096201.ece |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref> The song "Vaa Vaa Kanna" is set in [[Hamsadhvani]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ராமானுஜன் |first=டாக்டர் ஆர். |date=13 July 2018 |title=ராகயாத்திரை 13: 'தேர் கொண்டு சென்றவன் யாரென்று சொல்லடி' |language=ta |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/hindu-talkies/137319-13.html |url-status=live |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729104935/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/hindu-talkies/137319-13.html |archive-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=164}}<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Enakku Thaa Un Uyirai<br />
| extra1 = B. S. Sasirekha<br />
| length1 = 4:28<br />
| title2 = Maamanukku Mayilapoorethaan<br />
| extra2 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]<br />
| length2 = 4:36<br />
| title3 = Pethu Eduthavathaan<br />
| extra3 = Malaysia Vasudevan<br />
| length3 = 4:34<br />
| title4 = Va Va Va Kanna<br />
| extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| length4 = 5:53<br />
| title5 = Velai Ilathavan<br />
| extra5 = Mano<br />
| length5 = 4:24<br />
| title6 = Thotathile Paathi<br />
| extra6 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Saibaba, [[S.P. Sailaja]]<br />
| length6 = 6:23<br />
| total_length = 29:38 <!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js --><br />
}}<br />
<!--The movie was dubbed into Telugu as Patnam Vacchina Monagadu<ref>https://www.amazon.in/Patnam-Vachina-Monagadu-Rajnikanth/dp/B006TUCQMK</ref><br />
{{Track listing <br />
|extra_column= Singer(s)<br />
|title1 = Naadira Nee Pranam<br />
|extra1 = [[S. P. Sailaja]]<br />
|title2 = Kshanam Kshanam Okka Kadhalo<br />
|extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]<br />
|title3 = Amma Chetulatone<br />
|extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br />
|title4 = Raa Raa Raa Raja Raa<br />
|extra4 = [[S. P. Sailaja]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]<br />
|title5 = Mamayyadi Baraampuram raa<br />
|extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br />
}}--><br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
''Velaikkaran'' was released on 7 March 1987.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 1987 |title=Velaikkaran |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19870307&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=22 December 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called it "pretty run of the mill stuff".<ref>{{Cite news |last=NKS |date=20 March 1987 |title=Run-of-the-mill |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19870320&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=22 December 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=14 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' criticised the story.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=19 April 1987 |title=வேலைக்காரன் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/apr/19-04-1987/p16.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220730045629/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/apr/19-04-1987/p16.jpg |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=23 February 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=16 |language=ta}}</ref> The film became a box office success,{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=112}} and Rajinikanth won the Sunflash Award for Best Actor.{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=268}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Muthuraman |first=S. P. |title=AVM Thandha SPM |publisher=Vikatan |year=2017 |edition=3rd |language=Tamil |oclc=607342391 |author-link=S. P. Muthuraman |orig-date=2005}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-14-342111-5 |location=New Delhi |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |orig-date=2012}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title}}<br />
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
<br />
{{S. P. Muthuraman}}<br />
{{Kavithalaya Productions}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1987 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1980s masala films]]<br />
[[Category:1987 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1987 action comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:1987 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about grandparent–grandchild relationships]]<br />
[[Category:Films about mother–son relationships]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by S. P. Muthuraman]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Germany]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in hotels]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Agra]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language action comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nattupura_Nayagan&diff=463794Nattupura Nayagan2026-03-03T04:47:46Z<p>Samwaterman2016: improved references for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Nattupura Nayagan<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Rama Narayanan]]<br />
| producer = Rama Subbiah<br />Karumari Kandaswamy<br />J. Durai<br />
| screenplay = Rama Narayanan<br />
| story = Pugazhmani<br />
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Selva (actor)|Selva]]|[[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]]|Timea}}<br />
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
| cinematography = Baby Philips<br />
| editing = Babu Raj<br />
| distributor = <br />
| studio = Karumari Movies<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1997|07|04}}<br />
| runtime = 120 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Nattupura Nayagan''''' ({{translation|''Folk Hero''}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Rama Narayanan]]. The film stars [[Selva (actor)|Selva]], [[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]] and newcomer Timea. It was released on 4 July 1997.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nattupura nayagan ( 1997 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com:80/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=nattupura%20nayagan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225071243/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=nattupura%20nayagan |archive-date=25 December 2010 |access-date=2017-12-14 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A-Z Continued... |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-4.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927193804/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-4.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=2017-12-14 |website=Indolink}}</ref> [[A. L. Alagappan]] co-produced the film.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 December 2015 |title=திரைப்படத் தயாரிப்பாளர் ஏ.எல்.அழகப்பன் கருணாநிதி முன்னிலையில் திமுகவில் இணைந்தார் |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/tamilnadu/producer-a-l-alagappan-joined-dmk-243120.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324181605/https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/tamilnadu/producer-a-l-alagappan-joined-dmk-243120.html |archive-date=24 March 2021 |access-date=2 May 2022 |website=[[Oneindia]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
<br />
Allimuthu is the lead performer of a [[Karakattam]] group based out of a village. Ranjani, who studied in London, returns to her village in India. She is a modern and arrogant girl, and the daughter of the rich landlord Pannaiyar. Despite having different upbringings and social status, Allimuthu and Ranjani both fall in love with each other.<br />
<br />
Allimuthu then gets an opportunity to perform in Delhi, there he meets a Britain girl named Timea who is fond of [[Tamil culture]]. Upon his return, Allimuthu is accompanied by Timea. Allimuthu spends a lot of time with Timea and he avoids Ranjani each time she wanted to talk to him. Ranjani was deeply struck by Allimuthu's behaviours, and one day, Ranjani forces him to talk to her. Allimuthu reveals that he has never loved her, he then spits out blood and he faints. Timea tells Ranjani what really happened in Delhi.<br />
<br />
In Delhi, Timea implored Allimuthu to teach her Karakattam and Allimuthu accepted it. In his hotel room, Allimuthu coughed up blood, Timea came in time to rescue him and transported him to the hospital. The doctor revealed to them that Allimuthu had blood cancer. Allimuthu decided to hide the truth from Ranjani and his family. He wanted Ranjani to hate him and therefore to forget him.<br />
<br />
Afterwards, Ranjani summons a doctor from London to treat him from cancer. Allimuthu is then cured by cancer and Timea brings the couple together.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
*[[Selva (actor)|Selva]] as Allimuthu<br />
*[[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]] as Ranjani<br />
*Timea as Timea<br />
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Singaravelan (Allimuthu Father)<br />
*Karai Subbaiya as Nadaswaram player<br />
*[[Manivannan]]<br />
*[[M. N. Nambiar]] as Kuppusamy<br />
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]<br />
*[[Jai Ganesh]] as Pannaiyar (Ranjani Father)<br />
*[[Saroja Devi]] as Radha (Ranjani Mother)<br />
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Pavalakkodi (Allimuthu Mother)<br />
*Mano <br />
*[[Kumarimuthu]]<br />
*[[Jyothi Meena]] as Valli<br />
*[[Periya Karuppu Thevar]]<br />
*B. Ashokarajan<br />
*[[Bonda Mani]]<br />
*Marthandam<br />
*[[Kullamani]]<br />
*[[R. K. (actor)|R. K.]] as Doctor<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
<br />
The film score and the soundtrack were composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]]. The soundtrack, released in 1997, features 6 tracks with lyrics written by [[Gangai Amaran]], [[R. Sundarrajan]], [[Kasthuri Raja]], [[Agathiyan]], E. S. Moorthy and [[Rama Narayanan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Eni Ellam Sugame / Nattupuranayagan / Aasai Thambi |url=https://avdigital.in/products/eni-ellam-sugame-nattupuranayagan-aasai-thambi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525142006/https://avdigital.in/products/eni-ellam-sugame-nattupuranayagan-aasai-thambi |archive-date=25 May 2023 |access-date=25 May 2023 |work=AVDigital}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! Song !! Singer(s)!! Duration<br />
|-<br />
| "Aanaiyidu" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || 4:11<br />
|-<br />
| "Aaruru Vidhiyile" || [[Yugendran]], Devie Neithiyar || 4:04<br />
|-<br />
| "Doo Doo Doobidoo" || [[Annupamaa]] || 3:24<br />
|-<br />
| "Nethu Pudicha" || [[K. S. Chithra]] [[Suresh Peters]] || 4:41<br />
|-<br />
| "Thevar Porandha" || [[T. L. Maharajan]], Devie Neithiyar|| 4:06<br />
|-<br />
| "Vethala Vethala" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Swarnalatha]] || 4:29<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
{{Rama Narayanan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1997 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Rama Narayanan]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vishwaroopam_controversies&diff=544983Vishwaroopam controversies2026-03-03T00:41:56Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created a pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2013 film controversies}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Vishwaroopam'' controversies}}<br />
The 2013 [[Cinema of India|Indian film]] ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'' was the subject of several controversies including objections to the title, planned direct-to-home film release, and the film's depictions of Islamic people. <br />
<br />
== Title ==<br />
In June 2012, the film was scrutinized by the [[Hindu Makkal Katchi]]. The political party, who objected to the use of the [[Sanskrit]] language in the title, demanded it be changed to [[Tamil people|Tamil]] per the party's strict moral guidelines. They claimed that ''Vishwaroopam'' was a [[Sanskrit]] word rather than a Tamil word and argued that [[Kamal Haasan]] was against his native language Tamil by naming the film in another language. The same political party had earlier protested against the song "Kannodu Kannai Kalandhal" in Haasan's ''[[Manmadan Ambu]]'' (2010), resulting in the song being removed from the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2012 |title=Title trouble for Kamal Haasan's 'Viswaroopam' |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/title-trouble-for-kamal-haasans-viswaroopam/267664-71-180.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628014203/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/title-trouble-for-kamal-haasans-viswaroopam/267664-71-180.html |archive-date=28 June 2012 |access-date=1 February 2013 |website=[[IBNLive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2012 |title=Title trouble? |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/title-trouble-091 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627081555/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/kollywood/title-trouble-091 |archive-date=27 June 2012 |access-date=17 February 2013 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Direct-to-home release ==<br />
Kamal Haasan received backlash from theatre owners when he announced the film would be released on [[direct-to-home]] (DTH) services, only a few hours before the theatre release. Haasan had successfully roped in DTH television operators to release the movie on DTH eight hours before its release in movie theatres.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 December 2012 |title=Vishwaroopam on DTH first! |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-06/news-interviews/35646400_1_airtel-dth-vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126105511/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-06/news-interviews/35646400_1_airtel-dth-vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan |archive-date=26 January 2013 |access-date=6 December 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The DTH release was planned as a one-time show, a few hours before the film releases in theatres, and would have cost approximately ₹1,000 (US$12). Haasan was keen on releasing ''Vishwaroopam'' on the DTH platform, stating, "If only three percent of the population in Tamil Nadu use DTH services, then how much loss can one show of my film possibly cause the producers or theatre owners?".<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2012 |title=Vishwaroopam' to the first release on DTH |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article1373718.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407172618/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article1373718.ece |archive-date=7 April 2013 |access-date=10 December 2012 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref><ref name="DTH 1000">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2012 |title=Will you pay Rs 1000 to watch Kamal's Vishwaroopam? |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/will-you-pay-rs-1000-to-watch-kamals-vishwaroopam-551484.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213035310/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/will-you-pay-rs-1000-to-watch-kamals-vishwaroopam-551484.html |archive-date=13 December 2012 |access-date=10 December 2012 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> <br />
<br />
This decision was reverted after the Tamil Nadu theatre organizations protested against the DTH television release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 December 2012 |title=Kamal to release Viswaroopam himself |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-05/news-interviews/35619333_1_vishwaroopam-viswaroopam-kamal-haasan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126121054/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-05/news-interviews/35619333_1_vishwaroopam-viswaroopam-kamal-haasan |archive-date=26 January 2013 |access-date=8 December 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Talks with theatre owners ended in a compromise, where the DTH version would be released one week after the theatrical release in Tamil and Telugu and one day after its release in Hindi in North India, on 2 February.<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |date=14 January 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam' DTH release on February 2: Kamal |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/vishwaroopam-dth-release-on-february-2-kamal/article4306987.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117071429/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/vishwaroopam-dth-release-on-february-2-kamal/article4306987.ece |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=24 January 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> After the change, Haasan filed a complaint at the [[Competition Commission of India]] against the ''Tamil Nadu Theatre Owners Association'' for "anti-competitive practices" in restricting the release of ''Vishwaroopam''. The CCI ordered a probe by its investigation arm ''Director General'' as a comparable prima facie case exists.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2013 |title=Competition Commission begins probe into Kamal's complaint |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/competition-commission-begins-probe-into-kamals-complaint/article4465279.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304034042/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/competition-commission-begins-probe-into-kamals-complaint/article4465279.ece |archive-date=4 March 2013 |access-date=1 March 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Depiction of Muslims ==<br />
Muslim groups in [[Tamil Nadu]] demanded the film be banned and claimed that the film would harm Muslim sentiments.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite web |date=22 January 2013 |title=Screening of Kamal's film will affect social harmony |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/screening-of-kamals-film-will-affect-social-harmony-muslim-groups/article4332726.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125142702/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/screening-of-kamals-film-will-affect-social-harmony-muslim-groups/article4332726.ece |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=22 January 2013 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Although the film was cleared by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] of India, [[district collector]]s in the state of Tamil Nadu issued orders to the theatre owners refusing to screen ''Vishwaroopam'', citing [[Law and order (politics)|law and order]] problems. However, the film was released in other states with greater Muslim populations than in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="rediff">{{Cite web |date=January 25, 2013 |title=Protest groups disrupt Vishwaroopam shows in Kerala |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/protest-groups-disrupt-vishwaroopam-shows-in-kerala/20130125.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128024032/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/protest-groups-disrupt-vishwaroopam-shows-in-kerala/20130125.htm |archive-date=28 January 2013 |access-date=25 January 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The ban in Tamil Nadu triggered the stop of screenings in neighbouring Indian states as well as a few international markets.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2013 |title=Let Malaysians watch Vishwaroopam, appeals ethnic Indian party |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_let-malaysians-watch-vishwaroopam-appeals-ethnic-indian-party_1794680 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202230937/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_let-malaysians-watch-vishwaroopam-appeals-ethnic-indian-party_1794680 |archive-date=2 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |work=Daily News & Analysis}}</ref><br />
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The film fraternity of India condemned the actions of [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] in censoring the movie as what they believed to be an attack on [[Freedom of expression in India|freedom of speech in India]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 January 2013 |title=State govt trampling Kamal Haasan's freedom of expression: Mahesh Bhatt |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/State-govt-trampling-Kamal-Haasan-s-freedom-of-expression-Mahesh-Bhatt/Article1-1004119.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235329/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/State-govt-trampling-Kamal-Haasan-s-freedom-of-expression-Mahesh-Bhatt/Article1-1004119.aspx |archive-date=29 September 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> but she denied all of the allegations against her regarding political and business interests.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2013 |title=Jayalalithaa justifies ban on 'Vishwaroopam' |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-justifies-ban-on-vishwaroopam/article4364719.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202071007/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-justifies-ban-on-vishwaroopam/article4364719.ece |archive-date=2 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> After persistent pressure to cut the film's allegedly objectionable scenes, Kamal Haasan said that he could be forced to leave the state of Tamil Nadu and India. The reason is said to be that he was "fed up at being played around in a dirty political game".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kamal Haasan to leave India? |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/just-in-an-emotional-kamal-haasan-breaks-down-vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan-30-01-13.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203010137/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/just-in-an-emotional-kamal-haasan-breaks-down-vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan-30-01-13.html |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> He estimated the loss of revenues due to banning policies somewhere between {{INR}}300–600&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delayed release of Vishwaroopam caused Rs60-crore loss: Kamal Haasan |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_delayed-release-of-vishwaroopam-caused-rs60-crore-loss-kamal-haasan_1794755 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203020343/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_delayed-release-of-vishwaroopam-caused-rs60-crore-loss-kamal-haasan_1794755 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=Daily News & Analysis}}</ref> A mutual agreement with the Muslims of Tamil Nadu was finally settled on 2 February 2013, when Haasan agreed to mute five scenes of the film.<br />
<br />
=== Protests and banning ===<br />
Islamic organizations had earlier demanded that the film be screened by them before its release, expressing concern over the depiction of the Muslim community in the movie. Haasan organized a special film screening for them following their demand.<ref name="thehindu.com" /> The screening of the film had been delayed for 15 days by the [[government of Tamil Nadu]] under Section 144 of the Indian [[Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (India)|Criminal Procedure Code]] due to persistent allegations made by Islamic organizations, including the [[Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham]] (TMMK),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking News: Official BAN on Vishwaroopam's release! |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/breaking-news-vishwaroopams-release-banned--vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan-23-01-13.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125200119/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/breaking-news-vishwaroopams-release-banned--vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan-23-01-13.html |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=23 January 2013 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> while negotiations were still work in progress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2013 |title=Kamal Haasan's Vishwaroopam to be banned in Tamil Nadu |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-to-be-banned-in-tamil-nadu-321455 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728101057/https://www.ndtv.com/south/kamal-haasans-vishwaroopam-banned-in-tamil-nadu-511225 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=23 January 2013 |website=NDTV}}</ref> TMMK leader [[M. H. Jawahirullah]] claimed,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fresh trouble for Vishwaroopam |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/fresh-trouble-for-vishwaroopam-vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan-23-01-13.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125200840/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/fresh-trouble-for-vishwaroopam-vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan-23-01-13.html |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=23 January 2013 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> "There is a danger that the public may view any Muslim with a beard as a terrorist waiting for an opportunity to plant a bomb." Kamal Haasan released a protest note, criticizing them for using an "icon bashing" tactic to profile themselves politically. Contrary to Jawahirullah, he also stated that the film would give Muslims a sense of pride.<ref name="protestnote">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2013 |title=Haasan: Vishwaroopam is not against my Muslim brothers |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-tamil-nadu-government-bans-kamal-haasans-vishwaroopam/20130124.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126212354/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-tamil-nadu-government-bans-kamal-haasans-vishwaroopam/20130124.htm |archive-date=26 January 2013 |access-date=24 January 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Haasan took the matter to the [[Madras High Court]], seeking an immediate rollback of the government ban based on the approval by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2013 |title=Kamal Haasan moves court against 'Vishwaroopam' ban, order later today |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kamal-haasan-moves-court-against-vishwaroopam-ban-order-later-today-321767?pfrom=home-lateststories |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127142736/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kamal-haasan-moves-court-against-vishwaroopam-ban-order-later-today-321767?pfrom=home-lateststories |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=24 January 2013 |website=NDTV}}</ref> However, Justice K. Venkatraman stayed the screening of Vishwaroopam until 28 January, delaying the release in Tamil Nadu for three days, to review the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking news: Madras HC stays 'Vishwaroopam' release till Jan 28 |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/90329.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127021429/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/90329.html |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=24 January 2013 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madras HC stays release of Kamal Haasan's 'Vishwaroopam' till January 28 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/madras-hc-stays-release-of-kamal-haasans-vishwaroopam-till-jan-28/317554-8-68.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127024023/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/madras-hc-stays-release-of-kamal-haasans-vishwaroopam-till-jan-28/317554-8-68.html |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=24 January 2013 |website=IBNLive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Karthik |date=24 January 2013 |title=Madras High Court to take a call on Vishwaroopam release on January 28 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/madras-high-court-to-take-a-call-on-vishwaroopam-release-on-january-28/article4340843.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127145634/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/madras-high-court-to-take-a-call-on-vishwaroopam-release-on-january-28/article4340843.ece |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=24 January 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> The [[Madras High Court]] upheld the ban in Tamil Nadu on 30 January 2013.<ref name="tnban">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam': Madras HC upholds ban, Kamal Haasan to move SC |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-30/india/36635460_1_prohibitory-orders-kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205171245/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-30/india/36635460_1_prohibitory-orders-kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam |archive-date=5 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam' shows stopped across Tamil Nadu |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-30/india/36635106_1_single-screen-halls-theatre-owners-movie-halls |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815235545/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-30/india/36635106_1_single-screen-halls-theatre-owners-movie-halls |archive-date=15 August 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was suggested that the judge was awaiting the result of Haasan's other case against [[District collector]]s, who gave orders to ban the film's release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The actual reason for the postponement of Vishwaroopam verdict is. |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/just-in-vishwaroopams-turn-is-yet-to-arrive--kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-28-01-13.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131041521/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/just-in-vishwaroopams-turn-is-yet-to-arrive--kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-28-01-13.html |archive-date=31 January 2013 |access-date=28 January 2013 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 Jan 2013 |title=Relief for Kamal Haasan, Madras HC lifts ban on 'Vishwaroopam' |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-29/india/36615071_1_ua-certificate-vishwaroopam-tech-savvy-actor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213003913/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-29/india/36615071_1_ua-certificate-vishwaroopam-tech-savvy-actor |archive-date=13 December 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]] |agency=PTI}}</ref> The Andhra Pradesh government stopped the screening in Hyderabad and other areas where the Milad-un-Nabi festival is celebrated by Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam' screening stopped in Hyderabad |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/vishwaroopam-screening-stopped-in-hyderabad/article4343805.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128045811/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/vishwaroopam-screening-stopped-in-hyderabad/article4343805.ece |archive-date=28 January 2013 |access-date=25 January 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> In contrast, a precautionary stop of screenings was enacted by the distributor in [[Bangalore]] in light of Tamil Nadu's ban.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2013 |title=No Vishwaroopam release in Karnataka too |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/no-vishwaroopam-release-in-karnataka-too/article4341309.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125051951/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/no-vishwaroopam-release-in-karnataka-too/article4341309.ece |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 January 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> [[Kerala]] saw an unlimited release of the film, although some Muslim outfits were reportedly arrested by the [[Kerala Police|police of Kerala]] for disrupting screenings.<ref name="rediff" /> In [[Thiruvananthapuram]], a group of supporters of the Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI) took a protest demonstration at the theatre complex.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2013 |title=Vishwaroopam comes home to plaudits, brickbats in equal measure |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/warm-reception-to-viswaroopam/article4348207.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129150734/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/warm-reception-to-viswaroopam/article4348207.ece |archive-date=29 January 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
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The film was later confirmed to be released on 26 January in [[Hyderabad]] and on 27 January in 25 theatres across [[Karnataka]], including 15 in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2013 |title=Kamal Haasan's Vishwaroopam pulled in Hyderabad till tomorrow, in Bangalore till Sunday |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-pulled-in-hyderabad-till-tomorrow-in-bangalore-till-sunday-322310 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126000438/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-pulled-in-hyderabad-till-tomorrow-in-bangalore-till-sunday-322310 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |access-date=26 January 2013 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam' stopped in Andhra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, released in Kerala |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/307601/vishwaroopam-released-kerala.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205823/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/307601/vishwaroopam-released-kerala.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=26 January 2013 |website=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI}}</ref> Despite protests, ''Vishwaroopam'' was screened in Karnataka on 26 January 2013. Protests interrupted film screenings in some parts of Mysore, Bangalore, and Shimoga districts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2013 |title=Despite protests Vishwaroopam screened in Karnataka |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Bangalore/Despite-protests-Vishwaroopam-screened-in-Karnataka/Article1-1002246.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129003842/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Bangalore/Despite-protests-Vishwaroopam-screened-in-Karnataka/Article1-1002246.aspx |archive-date=29 January 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> However, ''Vishwaroopam'' was taken off theatres across Karnataka following a police advisory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam' taken off theatres across Karnataka following police advisory |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vishwaroopam-taken-off-theatres-across-karnataka-following-police-advisory/317860-62-129.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127195852/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vishwaroopam-taken-off-theatres-across-karnataka-following-police-advisory/317860-62-129.html |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=IBNLive}}</ref> Meanwhile, theatres in Malaysia and Sri Lanka removed the film, citing the ban in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2013 |title=Malaysia bans Vishwaroopam |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/malaysia-bans-vishwaroopam/article4348186.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129152445/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/malaysia-bans-vishwaroopam/article4348186.ece |archive-date=29 January 2013 |access-date=26 January 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2013 |title=Now, Malaysia bans Kamal Haasan's 'Vishwaroopam', a day after it was released |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/now-malaysia-bans-kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-a-day-after-it-was-released-322638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129212945/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/now-malaysia-bans-kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-a-day-after-it-was-released-322638 |archive-date=29 January 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishnan |first=R. K. |date=26 January 2013 |title=Kamal's film hits a roadblock in Sri Lanka too |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/kamals-film-hits-a-roadblock-in-sri-lanka-too/article4345356.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126221752/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/kamals-film-hits-a-roadblock-in-sri-lanka-too/article4345356.ece |archive-date=26 January 2013 |access-date=26 January 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> The film was released in [[Uttar Pradesh]], where leaders initially reserved a possible ban for the film without any major incidents.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2013 |title=Vishwaroopam released in U.P. amid tight security |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/vishwaroopam-released-in-up-amid-tight-security/article4369759.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205045120/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/vishwaroopam-released-in-up-amid-tight-security/article4369759.ece |archive-date=5 February 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
<br />
Haasan said he would file a petition in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] to overturn the ban. Haasan expressed grief during a press conference he held at his residence, which he had pawned as part of securing the budget for ''Vishwaroopam''. At the widely broadcast press conference, he referenced filmmaker [[M. F. Husain]] when he stated his intent to emigrate from Tamil Nadu to another secular state or country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam' row: Tamil Nadu wants me out, Kamal Haasan says |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Vishwaroopam-row-Tamil-Nadu-wants-me-out-Kamal-Haasan-says/articleshow/18253939.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063639/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-30/india/36635168_1_kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-jayalalithaa |archive-date=16 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Kamal Haasan said, "I mean no harm. The film is not about hurting Muslims. The good Muslims in the films are Indians, and the bad Muslims are terrorists who are not from India. How can I paint terrorist...terrorism white."<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2013 |title=No 'bad Muslims' in 'Vishwaroopam', can't paint terrorists white: Kamal Haasan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/No-bad-Muslims-in-Vishwaroopam-cant-paint-terrorists-white-Kamal-Haasan/articleshow/18274576.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424141814/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-31/india/36657837_1_kamal-haasan-muslim-community-muslim-organisations |archive-date=24 April 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> For further talks, the Muslim party demanded a film cut of around nine minutes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam' ban: Cut nine minutes from film, suggest protester groups; talks postponed |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/vishwaroopam-ban-cut-nine-minutes-from-film-suggest-protester-groups-talks-postponed-325133 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202014900/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/vishwaroopam-ban-cut-nine-minutes-from-film-suggest-protester-groups-talks-postponed-325133 |archive-date=2 February 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013 |work=NDTV}}</ref> Chief Minister Jayalalithaa defended the government's action, stating it was not in a position to provide security across all 524 theatres where it was to be screened from 25 January. A mutual agreement was finally settled on 2 February 2013, when Haasan agreed to mute five scenes.<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite news |date=2 February 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam' row settled: Kamal Haasan agrees to edit 7 scenes |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/vishwaroopam-row-settled-kamal-haasan-agrees-to-edit-7-scenes-325705?pfrom=home-lateststories |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203054028/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/vishwaroopam-row-settled-kamal-haasan-agrees-to-edit-7-scenes-325705?pfrom=home-lateststories |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=2 February 2013 |work=NDTV}}</ref> The Malaysian government would meet with the distributor of ''Vishwaroopam'' to find a solution to lift the ban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2013 |title=Malaysian government to meet with distributor of Vishwaroopam |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/malaysian-government-to-meet-with-distributor-of-vishwaroopam-325616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204154738/http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/malaysian-government-to-meet-with-distributor-of-vishwaroopam-325616 |archive-date=4 February 2013 |access-date=5 February 2013 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2013 |title=Business Line : News : Malaysian Govt to meet Vishwaroopam distributor |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/malaysian-govt-to-meet-vishwaroopam-distributor/article4372285.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204132837/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/malaysian-govt-to-meet-vishwaroopam-distributor/article4372285.ece |archive-date=4 February 2013 |access-date=5 February 2013 |website=Business Line |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> The ''National Censorship Board'' and the ''Malaysian Islamic Development Department'' reviewed the film, and the Home Ministry lifted the ban on 19 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2013 |title=Ministry lifts ban on Tamil film Vishwaroopam |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/20/nation/12731722&sec=nation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413152530/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/20/nation/12731722&sec=nation |archive-date=13 April 2013 |access-date=23 February 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref> While initial banned in Singapore,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-01 |title=Vishwaroop releases across country, ban remains in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vishwaroop-releases-across-country-ban-remains-in-tamil-nadu-610613.html |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> the film was eventually screened in February 2013, after the authorities given the film an [[Media classifications in Singapore#NC16|NC16 rating]] without requiring further edits.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sundaraj |first=Jamuna |date=8 February 2024 |title=Thumbs up for Vishwaroopam |work=tabla! |pages=16 |via=Newslink}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Classification information of Vishwaroopam |url=https://imdaonline.imda.gov.sg/classification/Search/Film/SearchDetail.aspx?sType=Feature&sRowID=AAAgZnAAAAAAC9IAAN |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=imdaonline.imda.gov.sg}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Reactions from Indian filmmakers ===<br />
These developments have been widely criticized by several filmmakers and politicians alike. Backing Kamal Haasan, [[Rajinikanth]] stated,<br />
{{blockquote|"The fact that Kamal Haasan held a special screening of the movie to Muslim brothers meeting their demand despite being cleared by the Censor Board shows his respect for the community. Kamal is not an ordinary artiste. He is a great artiste who has taken Tamil cinema to the global level. I request my Muslim brothers to factor in this and change their stand of demanding for a complete ban".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajnikanth backs Haasan, against banning Vishwaroopam |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/rajnikanth-backs-haasan-against-banning-vishwaroopam/20130125.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128112141/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/rajnikanth-backs-haasan-against-banning-vishwaroopam/20130125.htm |archive-date=28 January 2013 |access-date=25 January 2013 |website=rediff}}</ref>}} [[Leela Samson]], chairperson of the [[Central Board of Film Certification]], condemned the allegations of the film being anti-Islamic stating that: {{blockquote|"It is clearly cultural terrorism and the demand for a ban shows complete disregard to the certification given by a statutory body called the Censor Board. My team would have taken action if only the film had any objectionable content. A film goes through several levels before getting passed by the Censor Board".<ref name="intoday1">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2013 |title=Censor backs Haasan opus |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/censor-backs-haasan-opus-152795-2013-01-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131150754/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/censor-backs-haasan-opus/1/248066.html |archive-date=31 January 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=India Today}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
[[Shah Rukh Khan]], who also faced obstructions during the release of ''[[Billu Barber]]'' (2009) and ''[[My Name is Khan]]'' (2010) and whose [[Red Chillies VFX]] was responsible for ''Vishwaroopam'''s [[visual effects]], expressed sympathies for Haasan's situation, stated that a ban is "the most unfortunate thing to happen to a film."<ref name="indiatimes5">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2013 |title=Kamal Haasan mulls exile, ban on 'Vishwaroopam' stays |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kamal-Haasan-mulls-exile-ban-on-Vishwaroopam-stays/articleshow/18258918.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131020821/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kamal-Haasan-mulls-exile-ban-on-Vishwaroopam-stays/articleshow/18258918.cms |archive-date=31 January 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The banning of ''Vishwaroopam'' was deemed "unfair" by [[Prakash Raj]], who stated that "cultural terrorism should stop."<ref name="indiatimes6">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2013 |title=Ban on 'Vishwaroopam' unfair, says film fraternity |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-25/news-interviews/36527689_1_vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan-film-certification |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063140/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-25/news-interviews/36527689_1_vishwaroopam-kamal-haasan-film-certification |archive-date=16 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]] |agency=IANS}}</ref> The film's ban was decried by [[Ajith Kumar]], who questioned whether India was a "secular nation or being played on the basis of vote bank politics".<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2013 |title=Ajith speaks out on Viswaroopam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ajith-speaks-out-on-viswaroopam/articleshow/18195643.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250304054024/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ajith-speaks-out-on-viswaroopam/articleshow/18195643.cms |archive-date=2025-03-04 |access-date=2025-03-04 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Fellow filmmaker [[Bharathiraja]] compared Haasan to the likes of [[Bharathiyar]] for his bold statements on social issues in his films.<ref name="behindwoods2">{{Cite web |date=26 January 2013 |title=Kamal is a Meesai Vaikaadha Bharathiyaar, says Bharathirajaa |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/kamal-is-a-meesai-vaikaadha-bharathiyaar-says-bharathirajaa-kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-26-01-13.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129001129/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-10/kamal-is-a-meesai-vaikaadha-bharathiyaar-says-bharathirajaa-kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-26-01-13.html |archive-date=29 January 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> Demonstrating solidarity, [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] and the crew of ''[[Thalaivaa]]'' halted filming until the release of ''Vishwaroopam'' in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No 'Thalaivaa' shoot until the release of Vishwaroopam |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/90538.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202182349/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/90538.html |archive-date=2 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> Actor-director [[R. Parthiban]] stated that "people are the best judges and that they should decide on whether the film is against a community."<ref name="behindwoods2" /> Filmmaker [[Mahesh Bhatt]] said that the humiliation of an "immaculate actor" and "national treasure" is "one of the darkest moments for the entire film fraternity."<ref name="indiatimes5" /><br />
<br />
Other individuals who expressed their disapproval of the film's ban include [[Sushilkumar Shinde]],<ref name="indiatimes5" /> [[Aamir Khan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam': Aamir Khan disapproves of ban on Kamal Haasan's latest |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/vishwaroopam-aamir-khan-disapproves-of-ban-on-kamal-haasans-latest_127057.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203120430/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/vishwaroopam-aamir-khan-disapproves-of-ban-on-kamal-haasans-latest_127057.htm |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=Zee News}}</ref> [[Anubhav Sinha]],<ref name="indiatimes6" /> [[Manoj Bajpayee]],<ref name="indiatimes6" /> [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]],<ref name="indiatimes6" /> [[R. Madhavan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2013 |title=R Madhavan: Vishwaroopam deserves a release |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-r-madhavan-vishwaroopam-deserves-a-release/20130125.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728101109/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-r-madhavan-vishwaroopam-deserves-a-release/20130125.htm |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=Rediff}}</ref> [[Dhanush]],<ref name="intoday1" /> [[A. R. Murugadoss]], [[Linguswamy]], [[Ameer Sultan]], [[Muktha Srinivasan]], [[Salman Rushdie]], [[Deepa Mehta]], [[Salman Khan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2013 |title=Bollywood protests against Vishwaroop ban |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/4493 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203015607/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/4493 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Chitrangda Singh]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2013 |title=Salman Khan asks fans to support Kamal Haasan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Salman-Khan-asks-fans-to-support-Kamal-Haasan/articleshow/18269717.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216072346/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-31/news-interviews/36657861_1_kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-salman-khan |archive-date=16 February 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Farhan Akhtar]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2013 |title=Vishwaroopam ban: B-town celebs raise questions over censor board |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216062829/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-01/news-interviews/36659907_1_vishwaroopam-ban-kamal-haasan-s-vishwaroopam-cbfc |archive-date=16 February 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Mahesh Babu]], [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[Anupam Kher]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2013 |title=Anupam, Akshay support Kamal Haasan on movie ban |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Anupam-Akshay-support-Kamal-Haasan-on-movie-ban/articleshow/18273272.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063715/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-01/news-interviews/36659841_1_anupam-kher-movie-ban-kamal-haasan |archive-date=16 February 2013 |access-date=1 February 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Karan Johar]], [[A. Samad Said]], [[Madhur Bhandarkar]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Shyam Benegal]] and [[Ketan Mehta]]. Film critic [[Baradwaj Rangan]] mentioned, "This film glorifies Islam, portraying the Muslim as an upstanding specimen who won’t think twice before punishing a wrongdoer from his faith."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=2013-02-09 |title="Vishwaroopam"… Terror messages |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2013/02/09/vishwaroopam-84900-782364/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224624/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2013/02/09/vishwaroopam-84900-782364/ |archive-date=15 December 2018 |access-date=2018-12-13 |website=Baradwaj Rangan}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Political response ===<br />
[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] president [[M. Karunanidhi]] alleged that the inactivity of the [[J. Jayalalithaa]] administration on the film is the result of wrath over Kamal Haasan who had recently expressed his opinion "on wanting to see a dhoti-clad Tamilian" for prime minister at a function in [[Chennai]]. The comment was made at a function attended by Finance Minister [[P. Chidambaram]] and Karunanidhi.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2013 |title=Support for 'dhoti-clad PM' may have caused 'Vishwaroopam' ban: Karunanidhi |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/support-for-dhoti-clad-pm-may-have-caused-vishwaroopam-ban-karunanidhi-324333 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131051249/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/support-for-dhoti-clad-pm-may-have-caused-vishwaroopam-ban-karunanidhi-324333 |archive-date=31 January 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref name="dinamalar1">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2013 |title=Karunanidhi found why govt., oppose Viswaroopam &#124; பூனை வெளியே வந்து விட்டது: விஸ்வரூபம் விவகாரத்தில் கருணாநிதி போட்டார் புது குண்டு Dinamalar |url=http://www.dinamalar.com/News_Detail.asp?Id=637101 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203054136/http://www.dinamalar.com/News_Detail.asp?Id=637101 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=31 January 2013 |website=Dinamalar |language=ta}}</ref> Karunanidhi accused Jayalalithaa of being involved in a [[conflict of interest]]; [[Jaya TV]], a television network closely associated with the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], had previously placed a bid on the satellite distribution rights for ''Vishwaroopam'', which Haasan declined citing a low offer.<ref name="autogenerated1" /><ref name="dinamalar1" /><br />
<br />
Jayalalithaa justified the ban to maintain law and order based on intelligence reports and said that there was no political motive behind the move.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2013 |title=Jayalalithaa: decks can be cleared for release of film if Kamal Haasan and Muslim leaders reach accord |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-justifies-ban-on-vishwaroopam/article4364719.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203100820/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-justifies-ban-on-vishwaroopam/article4364719.ece |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=9 February 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> She also offered support from the government to facilitate talks to see the release of the film<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2013 |title=Jayalalithaa wants to facilitate release of Vishwaroopam |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/jayalalithaa-wants-to-facilitate-release-of-vishwaroopam-113020100051_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306210432/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/jayalalithaa-wants-to-facilitate-release-of-vishwaroopam-113020100051_1.html |archive-date=6 March 2013 |access-date=9 February 2013 |work=Business Standard}}</ref> and said she would sue Karunanidhi and the media for maligning her on the issue.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2013 |title=Jayalalitha defends 'Vishwaroopam' ban, to sue Karunanidhi |url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/jayalalitha-defends--vishwaroopam--ban--to-sue-karunanidhi-081907478.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206062836/http://in.news.yahoo.com/jayalalitha-defends--vishwaroopam--ban--to-sue-karunanidhi-081907478.html |archive-date=6 February 2013 |access-date=9 February 2013 |work=Yahoo News}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Other issues ==<br />
[[Tamil Nadu]] [[Brahmin]] Association (TAMBRAS) filed a complaint with the City police commissioner that the film contained scenes that offended the community and requested to be removed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2013 |title=விஸ்வரூபம் பட காட்சி பிராமணர் சங்கம் புகார் |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-district-news-chennai/district-news/640266 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206234158/http://www.dinamalar.com/district_detail.asp?id=640266 |archive-date=6 February 2013 |access-date=9 February 2013 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Ta}}</ref> A petition asking for a nationwide ban on screening the film citing some of the scenes offending the Christian community was dismissed by the [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 February 2013 |title=High Court rejects plea to ban Vishwaroopam in its present form |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/high-court-rejects-plea-to-ban-vishwaroopam-in-its-present-form/article4383013.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208022011/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/high-court-rejects-plea-to-ban-vishwaroopam-in-its-present-form/article4383013.ece |archive-date=8 February 2013 |access-date=9 February 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Director [[Ameer (director)|Ameer]] stated that ''Vishwaroopam'' portrayed [[Taliban]]s as "cruel and inhumane. At the same time, according to him, they were actually "helpless citizens fighting for the right of their own country," an issue that was not debated about. He compared the Taliban to the Sri Lankan Tamil militant group, the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE), saying, "Just like how [[Velupillai Prabhakaran|Prabhakaran]] and his associates fought for their [[Tamil Eelam|Eelam]] rights, the Taliban fight for their country. And similar to how it is an injustice to the Eelam if we were to portray them as raw terrorists, it is equally absurd of ''Vishwaroopam'' to have portrayed Taliban as mad destroyers".<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2013 |title=Ameer brings up Vishwaroopam issue again |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ameer-brings-up-vishwaroopam-issue-again/articleshow/18846039.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817111553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ameer-brings-up-vishwaroopam-issue-again/articleshow/18846039.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2012 controversies]]<br />
[[Category:2013 controversies]]<br />
[[Category:2013 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Art works that caused riots]]<br />
[[Category:Censored films]]<br />
[[Category:Controversies about specific works]]<br />
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]<br />
[[Category:Film censorship in Malaysia]]<br />
[[Category:Film censorship in Singapore]]<br />
[[Category:Islam-related controversies in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Political controversies in film]]<br />
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]<br />
[[Category:Race-related controversies in film]]<br />
[[Category:Controversies about films in India]]<br />
[[Category:Works subject to expurgation]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=9M113_Konkurs&diff=4489729M113 Konkurs2026-03-02T13:25:35Z<p>Samwaterman2016: General cleanup and improvements</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Soviet anti-tank missile}}<br />
{{Redirect|Konkurs|the album|Konkurs (album){{!}}''Konkurs'' (album)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox weapon<br />
| is_missile = yes<br />
| image = Airborne troops of Russia &amp; SOF of Belarus 01.jpg<br />
| image_size = 300<br />
| caption = 9M113 Konkurs in Belarusian service<br />
| name = 9M113 Konkurs<br />
| type = [[Anti-tank missile]]<br />
| origin = Soviet Union<br />
| launch_platform = Individual, vehicle<br />
| manufacturer = <br />
* [[KBP Instrument Design Bureau|Tula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP)]] – [[Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod]]<br />
* [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Aero India|url=https://aeroindia.gov.in/assets/pdf/Export%20Book%20_Final.pdf|at=pp.23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201013/https://aeroindia.gov.in/assets/pdf/Export%20Book%20_Final.pdf|archivedate=2021-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
| design_date = 1970<br />
| service = 1974–present<br />
| used_by = [[9M113 Konkurs#Operators|See ''operators'']]<br />
| wars = [[Syrian Civil War]]&lt;ref name="France-Soir"&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.francesoir.fr/politique-monde/etat-islamique-comment-les-djihadistes-emploient-les-missiles-antichars-pour-appuyer-offensives-daech-ei-syrie-irak-armement-tactiques-strategie-djihad-chars-propagande-cham-mossoul-bataille|title=Etat islamique: comment les djihadistes emploient les missiles antichars pour appuyer leurs offensives|work=[[France-Soir]]|date=4 May 2017|language=fr|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195536/http://www.francesoir.fr/politique-monde/etat-islamique-comment-les-djihadistes-emploient-les-missiles-antichars-pour-appuyer-offensives-daech-ei-syrie-irak-armement-tactiques-strategie-djihad-chars-propagande-cham-mossoul-bataille|archive-date=6 September 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[War in Iraq (2013-2017)]]&lt;ref name="France-Soir" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbas]]&lt;ref name="armamentresearch28july16"&gt;[http://armamentresearch.com/introduction-to-the-9m113-konkurs-atgm/ Introduction to the 9M113 Konkurs ATGM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709162808/http://armamentresearch.com/introduction-to-the-9m113-konkurs-atgm/ |date=2017-07-09 }} - [[Armamentresearch.com]], 28 July 2016&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Yemeni Civil War (2014-present)]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Saudi-led intervention in Yemen]]&lt;br /&gt;[[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]<br />
| spec_label = AT-5A Spandrel<br />
| diameter = {{convert|135|mm|abbr=on}}<br />
| wingspan = {{convert|468|mm|abbr=on}}<br />
| length = {{convert|1150|mm|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|875|mm|abbr=on}} without gas generator<br />
| weight = {{convert|14.6|kg|abbr=on}} (Missile weight)&lt;br /&gt; 22.5 kg (50 lbs) (9P135 launching post)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=AT-5 SPANDREL Anti-Tank Guided Missile |url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at5spandrel.htm |website=fas.org |publisher=Federation of American Scientists (FAS) |access-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101100428/https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at5spandrel.htm |archive-date=2019-01-01 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
| speed = {{convert|208|m/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name="armamentresearch28july16" /&gt;<br />
| vehicle_range = {{convert|70|m|abbr=on}} to {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}}<br />
| ceiling = <br />
| filling = {{convert|2.7|kg|abbr=on}} 9N131 [[High-explosive anti-tank warhead|HEAT]]<br />
| detonation = Contact<br />
| engine = Solid-fuel rocket<br />
| steering = Two control surfaces<br />
| guidance = [[Wire-guided missile|Wire-guided]] [[Semi-automatic command to line of sight|SACLOS]]<br />
| variants = 9M113M<br />
| number = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''9M113 ''Konkurs''''' ({{langx|ru|9М113 «Конкурс»}}; {{langx|en|"Contest"}}; [[NATO reporting name]] '''AT-5 ''Spandrel''''') is a [[Soviet]] [[Semi-automatic command to line of sight|SACLOS]] [[Wire-guided missile|wire-guided]] [[anti-tank missile]].&lt;ref name="ares" /&gt;<br />
<br />
A development of the [[9K111 Fagot]] with greater firepower, the 9M113 Konkurs can use the same launchers and is very similar visually, distinguishable only by a slight bulge towards the end of the Konkurs' missile tube.<br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
The 9M113 Konkurs was developed by the [[KBP Instrument Design Bureau|Tula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP)]]. Development began with the aim of producing the next generation of [[Semi-automatic command to line of sight|SACLOS]] anti-tank missiles, for use in both the man-portable role and the tank destroyer role. The 9M113 Konkurs was developed alongside the [[9K111 Fagot|9M111]]; the missiles use similar technology, differing only in size.<br />
<br />
The original 9M113 with a single-charge warhead can penetrate 600&amp;nbsp;mm of [[rolled homogeneous armor]] (RHA).&lt;ref name="armamentresearch28july16"/&gt;<br />
<br />
The missile entered service in 1974. Iran bought a license for the Konkurs in 1991 and began producing a copy, the '''Tosan''' (not to be confused with the [[Toophan]]), sometime around 2000.&lt;ref name="modlex.ir"&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://modlex.ir/cgi-bin/store.pl/page=product.html/pid=MXF05-000060 |archive-date=18 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218212451/http://modlex.ir/cgi-bin/store.pl/page=product.html/pid=MXF05-000060 |url-status=usurped |website=Modlex |id=MXF05-000060 |title=Tosan - Anti Armour Guided Missile}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="janestowsan"&gt;Christopher F. Foss, ''Jane's Defence Weekly'', [http://www.janes.com/aerospace/military/news/jdw/jdw000526_2_n.shtml Another ATGW for Iran]{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205062908/http://www.janes.com/aerospace/military/news/jdw/jdw000526_2_n.shtml |date=December 5, 2004 |title=Another ATGW for Iran }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
In 1992, the export price of a 9M113 missile was $13,000 United States dollars and the price of a 9P135M launcher was $135,000.&lt;ref name=ares&gt;{{cite web | title=Introduction to the 9M113 Konkurs ATGM | website=Armament Research Services (ARES) | date=27 July 2016 | url=https://armamentresearch.com/introduction-to-the-9m113-konkurs-atgm/ | access-date=3 April 2023 | archive-date=14 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314144823/https://armamentresearch.com/introduction-to-the-9m113-konkurs-atgm/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
==Design==<br />
[[File:9M113 Konkurs launcher.jpg|thumb|left|9M113 Konkurs launching rails on the top of 9P148 vehicle]]<br />
The missile is designed to be fired from tracked/wheeled vehicles,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_army_light_heavy_weapons_uk/at-5_spandrel_9k113_konkurs_konkurs-m_anti-tank_missile_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures.html|title=AT-5 Spandrel / 9K113 Konkurs 9M113|website=armyrecognition.com|access-date=3 April 2023|date=12 January 2019|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203005148/https://armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_army_light_heavy_weapons_uk/at-5_spandrel_9k113_konkurs_konkurs-m_anti-tank_missile_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; although it can also be fired from the later models of 9M111 launchers. It is an integral part of the [[BMP-2]], [[BMD-2]] and [[BRDM-2]] vehicles. The missile is stored and carried in a fiberglass container/launch tube.<br />
<br />
The system uses a gas generator to push the missile out of the launch tube.&lt;ref name=ares/&gt; The gas also exits from the rear of the launch tube in a similar manner to a [[recoilless rifle]]. The missile leaves the launch tube at 80 meters per second, and is quickly accelerated to 200 meters per second by its solid fuel motor. This initial high speed reduces the missile's deadzone, since it can be launched directly at the target, rather than in an upward arc. In flight, the missile spins at between five and seven revolutions per second.<br />
<br />
The launcher tracks the position of an incandescent [[infrared]] bulb on the back of the missile relative to the target and transmits appropriate commands to the missile via a thin wire that trails behind the missile. The system has an alarm that activates when it detects jamming from a system like [[Shtora]]. The operator can then take manual control, reducing the missile to [[Manual command to line of sight|MCLOS]]. The SACLOS guidance system has many benefits over MCLOS. The system's accuracy is quoted in some sources as 90%, though its performance is probably comparable to the [[BGM-71 TOW]] or later SACLOS versions of the [[9K11 Malyutka]].<br />
<br />
==Models==<br />
[[File:9M113M ATM Konkurs-M Army-2022 2022-08-20 2513.jpg|thumb|9M113M ATGM for Konkurs-M]]<br />
<br />
* '''9M113''' ''Konkurs'' (NATO: '''AT-5''' ''Spandrel'', '''AT-5A''' ''Spandrel A'')<br />
* '''9M113M''' ''Konkurs-M'' (NATO: '''AT-5B''' ''Spandrel B'') Tandem warhead – with extended explosive probe. The warhead penetration is 750–800&amp;nbsp;mm vs RHA. Adopted in 1991.&lt;ref name="rbase.new-factoria.ru"&gt;{{cite web|url=http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/concursm/concursm.shtml|title=Противотанковый ракетный комплекс Конкурс-М - Ракетная техника|website=rbase.new-factoria.ru|access-date=2014-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101092618/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/concursm/concursm.shtml|archive-date=2017-01-01|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Missile '''9M113M''' 1990. Tandem (800&amp;nbsp;mm (behind a layer of ERA)). 4,000&amp;nbsp;m (3500&amp;nbsp;m night (passive)).&lt;ref name="rbase.new-factoria.ru" /&gt;<br />
* '''[[Tosan (missile)|Towsan-1]]''', '''Tosan''', '''Towsan''', or '''M113''': Iranian licensed&lt;ref name="armamentresearch28july16" /&gt; 9M113M Konkurs-M (AT-5B Spandrel B) copy.&lt;ref&gt;Jane's Missiles and Rockets, 2002&lt;/ref&gt; Introduced in early 2000.&lt;ref name="modlex.ir" /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/aerospace/military/news/jdw/jdw000526_2_n.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030207200405/http://www.janes.com/aerospace/military/news/jdw/jdw000526_2_n.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 7, 2003|title=Another ATGW for Iran – Jane's Military Aerospace|date=May 26, 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unclear if still in production.&lt;ref name="armamentresearch.com"&gt;{{cite web|url=http://armamentresearch.com/saudi-led-coalition-seizes-iranian-arms-en-route-to-yemen/|title=Saudi-led Coalition seizes Iranian arms en route to Yemen – Armament Research Services|website=armamentresearch.com|date=30 September 2015|access-date=2017-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709111325/http://armamentresearch.com/saudi-led-coalition-seizes-iranian-arms-en-route-to-yemen/|archive-date=2017-07-09|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="auto1"&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/iran_to_continue_local_production_of_russian_anti-tank_missiles_9m11_and_9m113_tass_10603161.html|title=Iran to continue local production of Russian anti-tank missiles 9M11 and 9M113 TASS 10603161 – March 2016 Global Defense Security news industry – Defense Security global news industry army 2016 – Archive News year|last=TASS|website=www.armyrecognition.com|access-date=2018-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327023526/https://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/iran_to_continue_local_production_of_russian_anti-tank_missiles_9m11_and_9m113_tass_10603161.html|archive-date=2018-03-27|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Used primarily by paratroopers and armored vehicles.&lt;ref&gt;Galen Wright, Iranian Military Capability 2011 – Ground Forces – March 15th 2011&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* '''9N131M1''' – Warhead, upgraded version.&lt;ref name="armamentresearch28july16" /&gt;<br />
* '''9N131M2-1''' – Warhead, the newest upgraded version.&lt;ref name="armamentresearch28july16" /&gt;<br />
<br />
==Operators==<br />
[[File:Armenian 9P148 Konkurs Tank Destroyer.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia]]n 9P148 Konkurs in [[Yerevan]]]]<br />
<br />
===Current operators===<br />
* {{flag|Afghanistan}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Algeria}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance MENA"&gt;{{Cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |year=2020 |title=Chapter Seven: Middle East and North Africa |journal=The Military Balance |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=340–377 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2020.1707968|s2cid=219624897 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|340}} <br />
* {{flag|Armenia}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia"&gt;{{Cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |year=2020 |title=Chapter Five: Russia and Eurasia |journal=The Military Balance |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=183–213 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2020.1707966|s2cid=219627993 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|183}} Indian-made version being acquired by Armenia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/military-balance/2025/07/armenia-broadens-procurement-horizons-in-drive-to-modernise-armed-forces/ |title=Armenia broadens procurement horizons in drive to modernise armed forces |work=International Institute for Strategic Studies |last=Ribe |first=Albert Vidal |date=14 July 2025 |access-date=7 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Azerbaijan}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;{{rp|185}}<br />
* {{flag|Belarus}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;{{rp|187}} The launcher has been locally produced and upgraded.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/88621/milex-2019-belarus-begins-to-export-konkurs-rb-atgm-launcher |title=Janes &amp;#124; Latest defence and security news |access-date=2019-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517193143/https://www.janes.com/article/88621/milex-2019-belarus-begins-to-export-konkurs-rb-atgm-launcher |archive-date=2019-05-17 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Procured the upgraded 9M113M [AT-5 Spandrel] ATGMs and delivered them to the troops.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://airrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis-photo-report-aviation-defence-industry/aviation-defence-industry-technology/5625-analysis-belarus-receives-two-first-su-30sm-fighters.html|title=Analysis: Belarus receives two first Su-30SM fighters|website=airrecognition.com|access-date=1 May 2022|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228130150/https://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis-photo-report-aviation-defence-industry/aviation-defence-industry-technology/5625-analysis-belarus-receives-two-first-su-30sm-fighters.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Bulgaria}}: Known to be produced by [[VMZ Sopot]].&lt;ref name="ares" /&gt;&lt;ref name="Military Balance Europe"&gt;{{Cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |year=2020 |title=Chapter Four: Europe |journal=The Military Balance |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=92–143 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2020.1707964|s2cid=219623996 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|92}}<br />
* {{flag|Croatia}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Europe" /&gt;{{rp|93}}<br />
* {{flag|Czech Republic}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Europe" /&gt;{{rp|97}}<br />
* {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Egypt army successfully installs AT-4 Spandrel to Fahd APCs|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/54347/Egypt-army-successfully-installs-AT-4-Spandrel-to-Fahd-APCs|access-date=2020-09-16|website=EgyptToday|date=19 July 2018|archive-date=12 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512070843/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/54347/Egypt-army-successfully-installs-AT-4-Spandrel-to-Fahd-APCs|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mostly purchased in 1990s and captured from ISIS members; Used on [[DMS-K]]<br />
* {{flag|Eritrea}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Africa"&gt;{{Cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |year=2020 |title=Chapter Nine: Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=The Military Balance |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=475–481 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2020.1707971|s2cid=219623431 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|475}}<br />
* {{flag|Georgia}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;{{rp|189}}<br />
* {{flag|Guinea}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Africa" /&gt;{{rp|481}}<br />
* {{flag|Hungary}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Europe" /&gt;{{rp|115}} Under gradual replacement by [[Spike (missile)|Spike]] LR2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bíró |first=Tamás |date=2025-04-25 |title=Egy új páncéltörő rendszer bemutatkozása a Magyar Honvédségben |url=https://kiadvany.magyarhonvedseg.hu/index.php/HT/article/view/1328 |journal=Haditechnika |language=hu |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=56–61 |doi=10.23713/HT.58.6.11 |issn=1786-996X|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|India}} – 15,000 Konkurs-M were ordered in 2008 from Russia for {{INRConvert|1380|c|lk=on|year=2008|mode=historical}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=2010-08-17 |title=India to order large number of Javelin anti-tank missiles from US |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-order-large-number-of-Javelin-anti-tank-missiles-from-US/articleshow/6320750.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912002202/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-17/india/28273102_1_nag-missile-konkurs-atgms-anti-tank |archive-date=2012-09-12 |access-date=2025-07-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=2009-01-27 |title=India goes for 'urgent' purchase of anti-tank missiles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-goes-for-urgent-purchase-of-anti-tank-missiles/articleshow/4033783.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930045020/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-27/india/28029741_1_nag-missile-2-km-range-milan-and-4-km-range-konkurs-atgms |archive-date=2013-09-30 |access-date=2025-07-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another 10,000 Konkurs-M was cleared for US[[USD|$]]250 million in 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/988/ccs-clears-usd-250-million-konkur-missiles-for-army.html |title=CCS Clears USD 250 Million Konkur Missiles for Army |publisher=DefenceNow |date=2012-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105122857/http://www.defencenow.com/news/988/ccs-clears-usd-250-million-konkur-missiles-for-army.html |archive-date=2012-11-05 |access-date=2012-10-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Additional contracts was signed on 8 January 2019 and 2 February 2022 for {{INRConvert|7.6|b|lk=|year=2019|mode=historical}} and {{INRConvert|3131.82|c|lk=|year=2022|mode=historical}}, respectively. The latter was to be executed within 3 years at BDL's Bhanur facility. BDL reportedly produces the 9K111-1M system with a 9M113 anti-tank missile and a 9P135M-1 launcher.&lt;ref name=":0"&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-02-02 |title=Indian Army to get BDL-manufactured Konkurs-M anti-tank guided missiles from Hyderabad company |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/indian-army-to-get-bdl-manufactured-konkurs-m-anti-tank-guided-missiles-from-hyderabad-company/articleshow/89302527.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202151617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/indian-army-to-get-bdl-manufactured-konkurs-m-anti-tank-guided-missiles-from-hyderabad-company/articleshow/89302527.cms |archive-date=2022-02-02 |access-date=2025-07-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-03 |title=Bharat Dynamics signs contract with Indian Army for supply of Konkurs anti-tank missiles |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bharat-dynamics-contract-indian-army-konkurs-anti-tank-missile-1908012-2022-02-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728171107/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bharat-dynamics-contract-indian-army-konkurs-anti-tank-missile-1908012-2022-02-02 |archive-date=2025-07-28 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/0203/105066355/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / СВ Индии получат дополнительную партию ПТУР «Конкурс-М»|website=armstrade.org|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=23 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123030244/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/0203/105066355/detail.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Used on [[BMP-2|BMP-2 ''Sarath'']] as well as man-portable ground launcher.&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Iran}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance MENA" /&gt;{{rp|349}} – produced domestically as [[Tosan (missile)]]<br />
* {{flag|Ivory Coast}} (reported)&lt;ref name="Military Balance Africa" /&gt;{{rp|471}}<br />
* {{flag|Kurdistan}}: [[Peshmerga]]{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=491}}<br />
* {{flag|Kazakhstan}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;{{rp|190}}&lt;ref name="SAS 2012 4"&gt;{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2012/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2012-Chapter-04-EN.pdf|chapter=Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms|title=Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2012|author=Small Arms Survey|author-link=Small Arms Survey|page=131|isbn=978-0-521-19714-4|access-date=2018-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002411/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|archive-date=2018-08-31|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Kyrgyzstan|size=23px}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;{{rp|192}}<br />
* {{flag|Libya}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance MENA" /&gt;{{rp|364}}<br />
* {{flag|Morocco|size=23px}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|language=es|title=La modernización del Ejército de Tierra de Marruecos: datos e inferencias para una mirada estratégica|author=Josep Baqués Quesada|date=25 February 2018|url=http://www.seguridadinternacional.es/?q=es/content/la-modernizaci%C3%B3n-del-ej%C3%A9rcito-de-tierra-de-marruecos-datos-e-inferencias-para-una-mirada|journal=Análisis Grupo de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional|access-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214902/http://www.seguridadinternacional.es/?q=es%2Fcontent%2Fla-modernizaci%C3%B3n-del-ej%C3%A9rcito-de-tierra-de-marruecos-datos-e-inferencias-para-una-mirada|archive-date=18 August 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Moldova|size=23px}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;{{rp|193}} – used on BRDM-2<br />
* {{MNE}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Europe" /&gt;{{rp|127}}<br />
* {{flag|North Korea|size=23px}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Asia"&gt;{{Cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |year=2020 |title=Chapter Six: Asia |journal=The Military Balance |volume=120 |issue=1 |page=285 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2020.1707967|s2cid=219627149 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Pakistan|size=23px}} – Used on Viper infantry fighting vehicle&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/84904/pakistan-s-hit-unveils-viper-ifv |title=Janes &amp;#124; Latest defence and security news |access-date=2019-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418050357/https://www.janes.com/article/84904/pakistan-s-hit-unveils-viper-ifv |archive-date=2019-04-18 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{POL}}&lt;ref name="IISS1989" /&gt;{{rp|50}}<br />
* {{flag|Romania|size=23px}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Europe" /&gt;{{rp|139}}<br />
* {{flag|Russia|size=23px}} – about 300 Konkurs-M complexes delivered annually in the last years (2014)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vpk-news.ru/news/22778|title=Заказ на противотанковые ракетные комплексы "Конкурс-М" вырос в разы - Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|website=vpk-news.ru|access-date=2014-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101173629/http://vpk-news.ru/news/22778|archive-date=2017-01-01|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Slovakia|size=23px}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Europe" /&gt;{{rp|143}}<br />
* {{flag|Turkmenistan|size=23px}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;{{rp|210}}<br />
* {{flag|Syria|size=23px}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance MENA" /&gt;{{rp|377}}&lt;ref name="SAS 2015"&gt;{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Chapter-04-EN.pdf|chapter=Trade Update: After the ‘Arab Spring’|title=Small Arms Survey 2015: weapons and the world|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2015|author=Small Arms Survey|author-link=Small Arms Survey|ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2015}}|page=107|access-date=2018-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128065841/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf|archive-date=2018-01-28|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Ukraine|size=23px}}&lt;ref name="Military Balance Russia" /&gt;{{rp|212–213}}<br />
* {{flag|Vietnam|size=23px}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://baodatviet.vn/quoc-phong/quoc-phong-viet-nam/ten-lua-chong-tang-9m113-konkurs-viet-nam-lan-dau-xuat-hien-3409359/ |title=Tên lửa chống tăng 9M113 Konkurs Việt Nam lần đầu xuất hiện - DVO - Báo Đất Việt |website=baodatviet.vn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627064017/https://baodatviet.vn/quoc-phong/quoc-phong-viet-nam/ten-lua-chong-tang-9m113-konkurs-viet-nam-lan-dau-xuat-hien-3409359/ |archive-date=2020-06-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=23px}}&lt;ref&gt;SIPRI Arms Transfers Database<br />
&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
===Former operators===<br />
* {{flag|Chechen Republic of Ichkeria}} − 2 in 1992{{sfn|German|2003|page=58}}<br />
* {{GDR}}&lt;ref name="IISS1989" /&gt;{{rp|46}} – Passed on to the reunified German state, and later phased out of service.<br />
* {{CZS}} – 80 in 1989.&lt;ref name="IISS1989" /&gt;{{rp|46}} Passed on to successor states.<br />
* {{FIN}}&lt;ref name="IISS1989" /&gt;{{rp|86}}<br />
* {{USSR}}&lt;ref name="IISS1989"&gt;{{cite book |last1=Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The military balance, 1989-1990 |date=1989 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0080375694 |author1-link=Institute for Strategic Studies }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|34}} – Passed on to successor states.<br />
<br />
===Non-State operators===<br />
* {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Hamas]] – Known to be used against Israeli armored vehicles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = https://www.ctc.usma.edu/the-combat-performance-of-hamas-in-the-gaza-war-of-2014|title = The Combat Performance of Hamas in the Gaza War of 2014|date = 29 September 2014|access-date = 18 April 2020|archive-date = 30 August 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200830072623/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/the-combat-performance-of-hamas-in-the-gaza-war-of-2014|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/country/hezbollahs-rocket-arsenal/|title=Missiles and Rockets of Hezbollah|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-date=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426050730/https://missilethreat.csis.org/country/hezbollahs-rocket-arsenal/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
*{{flag|Hezbollah}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-finds-large-troves-of-russian-arms-in-hezbollahs-hands-eeed9445?mod=world_lead_pos1|title=Israel Finds Large Troves of Russian Arms in Hezbollah's Hands|date=19 November 2024|access-date=19 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Houthis}} – Tosan version.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73lXYSRFKfE|title=Yemen war 2016 Houthi fighters use Russian KONKURS ATGM to destroy Saudi army Abrams Tank|last=News Of Yemen|date=30 January 2016|via=YouTube|access-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330142236/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73lXYSRFKfE|archive-date=30 March 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://warisboring.com/iranian-tow-missile-knockoffs-spread-to-war-zones-45b9c0ea44e2#.bnf2h0sjs|title=War Is Boring - From drones to AKs, high technology to low politics.|website=War Is Boring|access-date=2017-02-28|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20160907184455/https://warisboring.com/iranian%2Dtow%2Dmissile%2Dknockoffs%2Dspread%2Dto%2Dwar%2Dzones%2D45b9c0ea44e2#.bnf2h0sjs|archive-date=2016-09-07|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/behnam-ben-taleblu-discerning-irans-role-in-expanding-houthi-rocket-capabilities/|title=Discerning Iran's Role in Expanding Houthi Rocket Capabilities - Foundation for Defense of Democracies|author=Behnam Ben Taleblu|website=www.defenddemocracy.org|access-date=2017-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301011151/http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/behnam-ben-taleblu-discerning-irans-role-in-expanding-houthi-rocket-capabilities/|archive-date=2017-03-01|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="armamentresearch.com"/&gt;<br />
* {{flag|Islamic State}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Vehicles and equipment captured by the Islamic State inside Syria until November 2014 |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2014/11/vehicles-and-equipment-captured-by.html |website=Oryx Blog |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191057/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2014/11/vehicles-and-equipment-captured-by.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party.svg}} [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-27|title=Northern Iraq PKK-Weapon Caches of Operation 'Claw Tiger'|url=https://silahreport.com/2020/08/27/northern-iraq-pkk-weapon-caches-of-operation-claw-tiger-miles-check-this/|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Silah Report|language=en-US|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109005135/https://silahreport.com/2020/08/27/northern-iraq-pkk-weapon-caches-of-operation-claw-tiger-miles-check-this/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flagicon image|People's_Protection_Units_Flag.svg}} [[People's Defense Units]] (YPG)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Kurdish Armour: Inventorising YPG Equipment In Northern Syria |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/10/kurdish-armour-inventorising-ypg.html |website=Oryx Blog |date=29 October 2021 |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190829/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/10/kurdish-armour-inventorising-ypg.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
* {{flagicon|Syria|1932}} [[Syrian National Army]]&lt;ref name="IISS2023"&gt;{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2023 |date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1032508955 |edition=1st |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|357}}<br />
*{{flagicon image||border}} [[Tahrir al-Sham]]&lt;ref name="IISS2023" /&gt;{{rp|357}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[9M133 Kornet]]<br />
* [[List of Russian weaponry]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*{{cite book |last1=German |first1=Tracey C. |title=Russia's Chechen War |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-43250-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4VaBAgAAQBAJ |language=en}}<br />
* Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present''. Darlington Productions. {{ISBN|1-892848-01-5}}.<br />
* {{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2016|date=February 2016|volume=116|isbn=9781857438352|publisher=Routledge|ref={{harvid|Military Balance 2016}}|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170101173437/http://www.thetankmaster.com/english/afv/KONKURS.asp ATGM launcher vehicle "KONKURS" (BRDM-2) – Walk around photos]<br />
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at5spandrel.htm AT-5 SPANDREL Anti-Tank Guided Missile]<br />
* [http://btvt.narod.ru/4/konkurs.htm PTRK Konkurs] {{in lang|ru}}<br />
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ATM}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:9m113 Konkurs}}<br />
[[Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of the Cold War]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of the Soviet Union]]<br />
[[Category:KBP Instrument Design Bureau products]]<br />
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lilliput_(actor)&diff=446725Lilliput (actor)2026-03-01T14:18:17Z<p>Samwaterman2016: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actor and writer (born 1950)}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=October 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = <br />
| name = Lilliput<br />
| image = Lilliput (actor).jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = <br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| birth_name = M. M. Faruqui<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|3 October 1950|df=y}}<ref>{{cite AV media |date= |title=Lilliput {{!}} Epic Serial Dekh Bhai Dekh के Writer:किसने मुँह पे कह दिया "इस बौने से कौन शादी करेगा" |trans-title=Lilliput {{!}} Writer of Epic Serial Dekh Bhai Dekh: Who said on his face "Who will marry this dwarf" |language=hi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e4nca6H-Mk |access-date=14 April 2024 |publisher=Bollywood Thikana |via=[[YouTube]] |time=3:25}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Bihar]], India <br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| other_names = <br />
| occupation = [[Actor]]<br />
| height = {{height|feet=4|inch=4.8}}<ref>{{Citation |title=Kad Chota par Shakshiyat Badi - one and only lillyputji - The MK Show - #48 | date=27 March 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_nAoQh9Em4 |access-date=2023-12-17 |language=en}}</ref><br />
| years_active = 1980–present<br />
| spouse = Sulekha<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relatives = <br />
| awards = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''M. M. Faruqui''', known professionally as '''Lilliput''', is an Indian actor and writer, known for the TV series ''Vikram Vetaal'' and Bollywood films. He adopted his screen name taking a cue from [[Lilliput and Blefuscu]], two island nations in [[Jonathan Swift]]'s novel ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'' where Gulliver lands onto an island inhabited by little people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/director-anand-mahendroo-on-dekh-bhai-dekh/story-RsqWQrwjzGwb1MhaK6zslJ.html|title=My own family was the inspiration behind Dekh Bhai Dekh: Anand Mahendroo|date=9 January 2016|publisher=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
He is best known for writing [[Doordarshan]]'s popular science fiction series ''[[Indradhanush]]'' and acted in films such as ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'' (2005), ''[[Saagar (film)|Saagar]]'' (1985), and popular 90s sitcoms like ''[[Dekh Bhai Dekh]]'', ''Natkht'' and ''Mr. Funtoos'', and for starring in ''[[Woh]]'' (1998) as [[Pennywise|Woh]]. He has written the dialogues of critically acclaimed movie ''[[Chamatkar]]'' (1992). He plays Dadda Tyagi in popular TV series [[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]] from season 2.<ref name=toi>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Liliputs-no-small-wonder/articleshow/2816661.cms|title=Liliput's no small wonder - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 February 2008 |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/entertainment/here-s-a-look-at-all-the-new-characters-coming-in-mirzapur-season-2-ab-hoga-taandav/&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwjZw47o56jtAhWFjeYKHcwlCpAQFjASegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw378opjnfhejR8QUm01wnOp|title=Here's A Look At All The New Characters Coming In 'Mirzapur' Season 2. Ab Hoga Taandav!|date= 6 October 2020|website=[[ScoopWhoop]]}}</ref> He made his [[Tamil film]] debut in [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] starrer ''[[Beast (2022 Indian film)|Beast]]''.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Banerjee | first1=Urmimala | last2=Banerjee | first2=ByUrmimala | title=''Eclipse Superstar Thalapathy Vijay'' will be new title card of Vijay from film Beast | website=Bollywood Life | date=21 June 2021 | url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/hbdnelson-fans-shower-love-on-thalapathy-65-director-nelson-dilip-kumar-on-his-birthday-view-tweets-1857444/ | access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Film===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1985||''[[Saagar (film)|Saagar]]''|| Cheena|| [[Hindi film]] debut<br />
|-<br />
|1987 || ''[[Hukumat]]'' || Bhimsen, Servant||<br />
|-<br />
|1988 || |''[[Woh Phir Aayegi]]''||Girls Hostel Peon||<br />
|-<br />
|1990|| ''[[Swarg]]'' || Crippled Beggar on the Street ||<br />
|-<br />
|1992|| ''[[Chamatkar]]'' || Writer, Dialogues ||<br />
|-<br />
|1993||''[[Zakhmo Ka Hisaab]]''|| Mama||<br />
|-<br />
|1998||''[[Aunty No. 1]]''||Servant||<br />
|-<br />
|2001||''[[Style (2001 film)|Style]]''||Receptionist||<br />
|-<br />
|2002 ||''[[Shararat (2002 film)|Shararat]]'' || Prisoner in a jail||<br />
|-<br />
|2005||''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''||Band Trumpet Player || <br />
|-<br />
|2010||''[[Prem Kaa Game]]''||Dr. Screwvala || <br />
|-<br />
|2018 || ''When Obama Loved Osama'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|2020||''[[Kaamyaab]]''||Himself || <br />
|-<br />
|2020||''[[Ram Singh Charlie]]''||Short||<br />
|- <br />
|2022|| ''[[Beast (2022 Indian film)|Beast]]'' || Umar Farooq || [[Tamil film]] debut<br />
|-<br />
|2022|| ''[[Anth The End]]'' || || <br />
|-<br />
|2023|| ''Acting Ka Bhoot'' || Kabir Rana || <br />
|-<br />
|2025|| ''[[Gustaakh Ishq]]'' || Faruqui || <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1985–1998 ||''[[Idhar Udhar]]''|| Sudhir ||<br />
|-<br />
|1985–1986||''[[Vikram Aur Betaal]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-31 |title=Vikram Betaal actor Lilliput calls out 'inhuman' 90-day payment system in TV industry: 'We are helpless' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vikram-betaal-actor-lilliput-calls-out-inhuman-90-day-payment-system-of-tv-industry-actors-technicians-helpless-8917613/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>|| Various characters ||<br />
|-<br />
|1993||''[[Dekh Bhai Dekh]]''||Various characters ||<br />
|-<br />
|1996|| ''Natkhat'' || Bandit ||<br />
|-<br />
|1996–1997||''[[Zabaan Sambhalke]]'' || Sheikh ||<br />
|-<br />
|1998||''[[Woh]]''||Woh (Vikram) ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seibold |first=Witney |date=2023-07-10 |title=Who Played The Best Pennywise? Here's What /Film Readers Had To Say |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/1333699/slashfilm-readers-pick-best-pennywise/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=SlashFilm |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1999||''[[Star Bestsellers]]''|| Mr. Sinha ||<br />
|-<br />
|2002||''[[Shararat (2002 film)|Shararat]]''||Television Director ||<br />
|-<br />
|2009||''[[Shaurya Aur Suhani]]''||Bhasundi ||<br />
|-<br />
|2010–2016||''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]]''||Brijesh Kumar (Babloo Joker) / Peter Fernandes ||<br />
|-<br />
|2012||''[[Luck Luck Ki Baat]]''||Abdul Jan|<br />
|Television film<br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
|[[Gutur Gu|''Gutur Gu 2'']]<br />
|K K's uncle<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tiwari |first=Vijaya |title=Lilliput to enter Gutur Gu-2 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/lilliput-to-enter-gutur-gu-2/articleshow/21726155.cms |access-date=2023-02-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
| ''[[Raavi (TV series)|Raavi]]''<br />
|Kaaleshwar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2013,2014<br />
|''[[Hum Ne Li Hai... Shapath]]'' <br />
|Various Characters<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2015 || ''[[Razia Sultan]]'' || Maalik ||<br />
|-<br />
|2016 || ''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]'' || Mamulal Chaurasiya || Episode 458-460<br />
|-<br />
|2019–2020||''[[Vidya (TV series)|Vidya]]''||School Principal Manohar Mishra ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/actor-lilliput-comeback-on-television-serial-vidya-calls-it-second-inning|title=लिलिपुट की टेलीविजन पर वापसी, इस बार प्रिंसिपल के अवतार में आ रहे नजर|trans-title=Lilliput returns to television, this time seen in the principal's avatar|date=26 September 2019|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020–2024<br />
| ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]'' <br />
| Dadda Tyagi<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/mirzapur-2-review-fathers-and-sons-with-a-hint-of-daughters-6852848/|title=Mirzapur 2 review: Amazon Prime Video series gives you a sense of deja vu|date=24 October 2020}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]<br />
[[Category:1950 births]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Bihar]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS_School&diff=531459STS School2026-02-22T01:29:17Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Adding new details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox school<br />
| name = Syedna Tahir Saifuddin<br />
| image =<br />
| motto = Enter to learn, Depart to serve<br />
| established = {{Start date and age|1875}}<br />
| founder = [[Syed Ahmad Khan]]<br />
| former_names = {{hlist|Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental Collegiate School|Minto Circle}}<br />
| type = Government<br />
| affiliation = [[Aligarh Muslim University|AMU]]<br />
| website = {{URL|https://amu.ac.in/schools/s-t-s-school/home-page}}<br />
| grades = [[K–12]]<br />
| principal = Faisal Nafis<br />
| campus_type = Residential and Non-Residential<br />
| campus_size = <br />
| location = AMU Road, [[Aligarh]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| other_name = STS School <br />
}}<br />
{{Aligarh Movement}}<br />
'''Syedna Tahir Saifuddin School''', better known by its initials '''STS School''', and by its former name '''Minto Circle<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-22|title=As AMU turns 100, Mumbai reflects on its historic bonds|url=https://www.siasat.com/as-amu-turns-100-mumbai-reflects-on-its-historic-bonds-2051020/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-US}}</ref>''', is a [[K–12]] semi-residential high school under [[Aligarh Muslim University]] at [[Aligarh]], Uttar Pradesh, India. Established by [[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]] as '''Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental Collegiate School''' in 1875, it later evolved as [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and is one of the five senior secondary schools run by the university.<br />
<br />
The school aims primarily at the education of the Muslim community. Admission, however, is open to children of all communities without distinction of caste and creed. The school has an all-India and all-denominational membership. There is provision for nearly three hundred students to reside in the hostels within the campus. The total strength of the school is around two thousand students.<br />
<br />
[[Henry George Impey Siddons]] was the first head master of this school.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mintocircle.com/home.html |title=STS High School (Minto Circle) |website=mintocircle.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707133725/http://www.mintocircle.com/home.html |archive-date=2014-07-07}}</ref><br />
<br />
The current principal is Mr. Faisal Nafis.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Minto Circle was founded in 1875 by the educationist and social reformer [[Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]]. The foundation stone was laid by an associate of Sir Syed, Maulvi Sami Ullah Khan, Secretary of the College Fund Committee, on 24 May 1875. Its original name was the "Muhammadan Anglo Oriental Collegiate School". The school grew into [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] in 1877 which in 1920 became the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] by an act of the Central Legislature. The school bore the name, Muslim University High School, but became popular as '''Minto Circle''' after the then Viceroy of India, [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto]] (1845–1914), who funded the construction for its new buildings. In 1966, the school was named after the then Chancellor Syedna Tahir Saifuddin, and henceforth known as '''STS School'''.<ref>[http://amu.ren.nic.in/schoolsncollage.htm AMU Schools & Colleges] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20020607185334/http://amu.ren.nic.in/schoolsncollage.htm |date=7 June 2002 }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
[[File:Secondary Section Building, Minto Circle .jpg|thumb|Secondary Section Building, Minto Circle]]<br />
<br />
== Schooling ==<br />
In the beginning the school was in two sections with the primary section at Zahoor Ward (presently the Arabic Department) and the building of Old Guest House. After passing class IV, the students were promoted to its senior section in Minto Circle.<br />
<br />
The school has a library, playing ground for outdoor games, facilities for playing volleyball, basketball, a common room, and Computer Laboratory.<br />
<br />
==Notable alumni==<br />
*[[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]] – President of Pakistan<br />
*[[Ahmed Ali (writer)|Ahmad Ali]] – poet, critic, novelist<br />
* [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]] – Nawab of Pataudi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaonline.in/about/Personalities/Cricketers/Mansoor-Ali-Khan-Pataudi.html|title=Nawab Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi: Biography, Facts, Life Story|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-date=22 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822151945/http://www.indiaonline.in/About/Personalities/Cricketers/Mansoor-Ali-Khan-Pataudi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
*[[Javed Akhtar]] – Bollywood script writer and lyricist<ref>Anubha Sawhney (9 March 2003)."[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/javed-akhtar-the-lyrics-of-life/articleshow/39718684.cms Javed Akhtar: The lyrics of life]", ''[[The Times of India]]''</ref><br />
*[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] – Bollywood actor<br />
*[[Lala Amarnath]] – Independent India's first Test captain<ref>S. Thyagarajan, "{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080327192024/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1717/17171010.htm Colourful Cricketer]}}" – Frontline Volume 17 – Issue 17, 19 August – 1 September 2000</ref><br />
*[[Nawab Liaquat Ali Khan]] – former Prime Minister of Pakistan<br />
*[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] – former vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University and former vice-president of India<br />
*[[Naseeruddin Shah]] – Bollywood actor<br />
* [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]] – Padma Vibhushan Awardee, MP Rajya Sabha, Former governor of the states of Bihar, West Bengal, and Haryana.<br />
* [[Irfan Habib]] – Indian Historian<br />
* [[Augustine George Masih]] - Hon'ble Judge of The Supreme court of India <br />
*[[Raja Rao]] – Indian English novelist<br />
*[[Talat Mahmood]] – Bollywood playback singer and actor<br />
*[[Saeed Jaffrey]] – Bollywood actor<br />
*[[Syed Ziaur Rahman]] – medical pharmacologist<br />
*[[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Zafar Iqbal]] – former Indian hockey captain<ref>Ziya Us Salam, {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20031021055955/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/10/stories/2003071000190400.htm "Heart-warming moments on a Pakeezah night"]}}, ''The Hindu'' – Metro Plus Dehi, Thursday, 10 July 2003</ref><br />
*[[Murad (actor)]] – Bollywood actor<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
{{Aligarh Muslim University}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Primary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Schools in Aligarh]]<br />
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1875]]<br />
[[Category:1875 establishments in India]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Parashakthi_Kshetra&diff=537062Sri Parashakthi Kshetra2026-02-19T19:33:50Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Temple}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}<br />
{{Location map<br />
| Karnataka<br />
| lat = 12.80033<br />
| long = 74.87684<br />
| label = Sri Parashakthi Temple, Madyar<br />
| label_size =<br />
| position = bottom<br />
| background =<br />
| mark =<br />
| marksize =<br />
| width =<br />
| float =<br />
| border =<br />
| caption = Location of Sri Parashakthi Temple, Madyar<br />
| alt =<br />
| AlternativeMap =<br />
}}<br />
{{Coord|13.2705|75.3414|region:IN-KA_type:landmark|display=title}}<br />
'''Sri Parashakthi Kshetra''' ({{langx|kn|ಶ್ರೀ ಪರಾಶಕ್ತಿ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ, ಮಡ್ಯಾರು}}), a temple complex at Madyar, Kotekar. Madyar, located around 20 km from [[Mangalore]], the port city of Karnataka, India where the Hindu goddess [[Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess)|Vaishnavi]] is worshiped as the presiding deity.<ref>{{cite web|title = Parashakti Temple a symbol of national unity – Deccan Herald|url = http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb282004/d12.asp|website = archive.deccanherald.com|accessdate = 2015-10-22}}</ref><br />
<br />
== List of temples ==<br />
{{Main|List of temples in Tulu Nadu}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Dakshina Kannada district]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suguna_Foods&diff=537954Suguna Foods2026-02-18T09:22:07Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created a data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|India-based food company}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Suguna Foods Private Limited<br />
| logo_size = <br />
| image = Suguna Foods Private Limited Logo.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| type = [[Private company|Private]]<br />
| foundation = 1984<br />
| founder = B Soundararajan <br> G B Sundararajan<br />
| industry = [[Poultry farming]]<br />
| location = [[Udumalpet]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]<br />
| area_served = [[India]], [[Asia]]<br />
| key_people = B Soundararajan {{small|(Chairman}}) <br> G B Sundararajan <br />
<br>Vignesh Soundararajan {{small|([[Managing director|MD]])}}<br />
| products = [[Chicken meat]], [[Chicken eggs]], [[Delfrez]], [[Mother's Delight]],<br />
| brands = Suguna Chicken<br/> Suguna Feeds<br/> Delfrez<br/> Mother's Delight<br/>MICROZE<br />
| revenue = {{increase}}{{INRConvert|127|b}} (2022–2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sugunafoods.co.in/about_suguna/overview/overview.asp|title=Suguna foods:About us|accessdate=28 March 2015}}</ref><br />
| net_income = {{increase}} <br />
{{INRConvert|3.64|b}} (2022-2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Suguna Foods Private |url=https://www.icra.in/Rationale/ShowRationaleReport?Id=80277 |access-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722103200/https://www.icra.in/Rationale/ShowRationaleReport?Id=80277 |archive-date=2023-07-22 |language=en |date=13 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Full citation needed |date=July 2023}}<br />
| num_employees = 8000 +<br />
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.sugunafoods.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Suguna Foods Private Limited''' is an Indian multinational [[food products]] company headquartered in [[Coimbatore]], [[India]]. The company was started in 1984 and is involved in broiler farming, [[hatchery|hatcheries]], feed mills, processing plants, and [[vaccine]]s manufacturing for [[poultry]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Suguna Foods: Meet the Rs 9,000 crore poultry goliath from Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/regional-goliaths/suguna-foods-meet-the-rs-9000-crore-poultry-goliath-from-tamil-nadu/80315/1 |website=Forbesindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poultry firm Suguna unveils Delfrez brand |url=www.thehindu.com/business/poultry-firm-suguna-unveils-delfrez-brand/article37971473.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=16 December 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Suguna Foods was founded in 1984 by Mr. B. Soundararajan and Mr. G. B. Sundararajan. They started a small [[poultry]] farm with a small investment of Rs 5000. In 1986 they started a poultry-related trading firm. In 1990 the situations around them demanded them to pioneer the concept of [[contract farming]] for the first time in India.<ref>{{cite web |last1=G |first1=Sangeetha |title=Suguna to double processed food production in four years {{!}} Suguna to double processed food production in four years |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/business/companies/100723/suguna-to-double-processed-food-production-in-four-years.html |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en |date=10 July 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
From 1990 to 1997, the company grew gradually. In 1997, the company got its first sizable turnover of 7 crores. Expanded their business all over [[Tamil Nadu]] and started professionalizing the company. At the end of 90's, they got turnover of 100 crores.<br />
<br />
In 2000, the founders moved into the neighboring states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. They found an ally in several [[states of India|state]] governments due to their objective to Energize Rural India. They overcame the opposition of the middlemen with the help of farmers and the respective state governments.<br />
<br />
Suguna ranks among the top ten [[poultry]] companies worldwide.{{cn|date=April 2023}} With operations in 16 states across [[India]], it offers a range of [[poultry]] products and services. The fully integrated operations cover broiler and layer farming, [[hatcheries]], feed mills, processing plants, [[vaccines]], and [[exports]]. Suguna markets live broiler chicken, value-added eggs, and frozen chicken.<br />
<br />
In 2020, Suguna Foods has funded a $15 million contract with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to maintain poultry agricultural production.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=15 September 2020|title=Suguna Foods inks $15 Mn deal with ADB to sustain poultry farming operations|url=http://www.agrospectrumindia.com/news/51/1262/suguna-foods-inks-15-mn-deal-with-adb-to-sustain-poultry-farming-operations-.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 February 2021|website=AgroSpectrum}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1986 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in Coimbatore]]<br />
[[Category:Companies established in 1986]]<br />
[[Category:Food and drink companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Poultry companies]]<br />
[[Category:Poultry industry in India]]<br />
[[Category:Agriculture companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanti_Bhatt&diff=471214Kanti Bhatt2026-02-14T05:22:00Z<p>Samwaterman2016: improved article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Gujarati writer (1931–2019)}}<br />
{{Cleanup translation|Gujarati|type=check|listed=nolist|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
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| birth_place = Sathra, [[Bhavnagar State]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2019|08|04|1931|07|15}}<!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (enter DEATH date then BIRTH date (e.g., ...|1908|31|8|1967|28|2}} use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --><br />
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'''Kanti Bhatt''' (15 July 1931 – 4 August 2019) was an Indian author, journalist and columnist who is estimated to have written more than 45,000 columns in several [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] publications.<ref name="McDonald 2015">{{cite book | last=McDonald | first=Hamish | title=Ambani & Sons | date=7 August 2015 | publisher=Roli Books Private Limited | isbn=978-81-7436-943-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9FbBAAAQBAJ | accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> Bhatt became a journalist in 1966 and served as the subeditor of ''Vyapar'' in 1967. He later became a freelance journalist and wrote columns for several Gujarati publications including ''[[Chitralekha (weekly)|Chitralekha]]'', ''[[Mumbai Samachar]]'', ''Janshakti'', ''[[Sandesh (Indian newspaper)|Sandesh]]'', ''Yuva Darshan'' and ''Jansatta''. He worked in [[Kenya]] for some time in 1977. He was an [[investigative journalism|investigative journalist]] and also wrote daily columns titled ''Aaspaas'' and ''Chetnani Kshane'' in ''[[Divya Bhaskar]]''.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Kanti Bhatt was born on 15 July 1931 in Sathra village in [[Bhavnagar State]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India) to Hargovindbhai and Premkunwar. His family belonged to the Zanzmer village of [[Bhavnagar district]] in the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region of Gujarat.<ref name="Express">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/veteran-gujarati-journalist-kanti-bhatt-suffers-stroke-dies-at-88-in-mumbai-5878383/|title=Veteran Gujarati journalist Bhatt suffers stroke, dies at 88 in Mumbai|date=5 August 2019|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=5 August 2019|language=en-IN}}</ref> He had four brothers and three sisters. Bhatt was an editor of a magazine titled ''Zankar'' at a high school in [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]].<ref name="sb2006" /><ref name="Rediff.com" /> He earned a bachelor of commerce degree from the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] in 1952.<ref name="Express" /><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Bhatt worked with the [[Bhavnagar]] municipality for some time. Following a bout of illness, he moved to [[Uruli Kanchan#Naturopathy Ashram|naturopathy Ashram]] at [[Uruli Kanchan]]. He worked with his uncle's company (H.H.Bhatt Sdn. Bhd.) in [[Penang]], [[Federation of Malaysia|Malaysia]], for nine years when he travelled between India and Malaysia by sea seven times.<ref name="sb2006">{{cite web | author=સુરેશ | title=કાન્તિ ભટ્ટ, Kanti Bhatt | website=ગુજરાતી પ્રતિભા પરિચય | date=19 August 2006 | url=https://sureshbjani.wordpress.com/2006/08/19/kanti_bhatt/ | language=gu | accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="Rediff.com">{{cite web | title=Interview/Kanti Bhatt | website=Rediff.com | url=http://www.rediff.com/gujarati/2002/jan/05kanti.htm | language=gu | accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
He first started out as a journalist in 1966 in [[Bombay]]. Bhatt then served as the subeditor of ''Vyapar'' in 1967. He later became a freelance journalist and wrote columns for several Gujarati publications including ''[[Chitralekha (weekly)|Chitralekha]]'', ''[[Mumbai Samachar]]'', ''Janshakti'', ''[[Sandesh (Indian newspaper)|Sandesh]]'', ''Yuva Darshan'', ''Jansatta''. He worked in [[Kenya]] for some time in 1977. While working as an [[investigative journalism|investigative journalist]], he also wrote daily columns titled ''Aaspaas'' and ''Chetnani Kshane'' in ''[[Divya Bhaskar]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/abhivyakti/aas_pass/|title=શું છઠ્ઠી ઈન્દ્રીય થકી માણસ ભવિષ્ય જાણી શકે ખરો ?|language=gu|work=divyabhaskar.co.in|accessdate=2015-08-23|archive-date=29 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829005832/http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/abhivyakti/aas_pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bhatt wrote short stories.<ref name="sb2006"/><ref name="Vibhakar 2012">{{cite web | last=Vibhakar | first=Devang | title=Interview of Kanti Bhatt | website=SpeakBindas | date=20 March 2012 | url=http://www.speakbindas.com/interview-of-kanti-bhatt/ | language=gu | accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> According to an estimate reported in the Indian Express, Bhatt had written more than 45,000 articles.<ref name="Express" /><br />
<br />
Bhatt together with his wife Sheela launched a Gujarati magazine called ''Abhiyan''.<ref name="Express" /><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Bhatt married Ranjan in the 1960s and divorced her in 1977. He married Sheela Bhatt,<ref name="Gates.">{{cite web | last=Bhatt | first=Sheela | title= BookHouse! Sheela Bhatt's Diary | website=Rediff.com | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/oct/10diary.htm | accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> a journalist, in 1979. Sheela is a member of the Editors Guild of India.<ref name="Express" /> He had a daughter, Shakti, who died in 2007.<ref name="sb2006"/><br />
<br />
Bhatt died on 4 August 2019 in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/news/articles/kanti-bhatt-died-at-88-years-101486|title=જાણીતા લેખક-પત્રકાર કાંતિ ભટ્ટનું 88 વર્ષની વયે નિધન|date=2019-08-04|website=www.gujaratimidday.com|language=gu|access-date=2019-08-04}}</ref> According to his associate, on 2 August, he suffered a stroke that caused damage to his heart, and died two days later.<ref name="Express" /><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
[[File:KantiBhattGarden.jpg|thumb|Patrakar Kanti Bhatt Garden, Kandivali, Mumbai]]<br />
Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Union Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] shared condolence messages on [[Twitter]] upon hearing of his death.<ref name="Express" /> Bhatt had mentored many young journalists. The formation of the Kanti Bhatt – Sheela Bhatt Foundation was announced by one of his students with an aim to help budding journalists.<ref name="Express" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatt, Kanti}}<br />
[[Category:1931 births]]<br />
[[Category:2019 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bhavnagar district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian columnists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bowrampet&diff=454301Bowrampet2026-02-12T04:33:33Z<p>Samwaterman2016: further fixed layout to improve readability and updated info for consistency</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Bowrampet<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = <!--India Telangana--><br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Medchal district|Medchal]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = Metro<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[Dundigal Municipality]]<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 500043<br />
| registration_plate =TG<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Malkajgiri]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Quthbullapur]]<br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]<br />
| blank4_name_sec1 = Civic agency<br />
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]<br />
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}} <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Bowrampet''' also '''Borampet''' is a village in [[Medchal district]], [[Telangana]], India. It is a part of Dundigal Municipality. The village is fast developing into a major residential and commercial suburb because of the construction of the [[Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad)|Outer Ring Road]], proximity to the [[HITEC City|IT corridor of Hyderabad]] and pollution-free environs. In the past few years realty prices have gone up drastically and is becoming a destination to the cream of the employees from the IT and Education sectors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blonnet.com/2007/03/17/stories/2007031702021100.htm |title=Mantri Realty to invest Rs 800 cr in Hyderabad &#124; Business Line |publisher=Blonnet.com |date=2007-03-17 |accessdate=2016-12-01 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
It is 8&nbsp;km from [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]] and [[Kukatpally]], 10&nbsp;km from [[Miyapur|Miyapur X roads]], 12&nbsp;km from [[Madhapur]] and 3&nbsp;km from [[Bachupally]].<br />
<br />
==Outer Ring Road==<br />
{{Main|Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad)|l1=Outer Ring Road}}<br />
<br />
The 159&nbsp;km Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad has an Exit (Mallampet Exit 4A) near Bowrampet. The 100 feet road work started here to cater the traffic to/from the exit and is under progress.This has led to growth in real estate activity with many residential and commercial ventures coming up in the vicinity. ORR significantly reduced the distance, travel time and access to different parts of the city. Gachibowli and Ghatkesar are about 40 min drive from Bowrampet through the ORR.<br />
<br />
===Residential projects===<br />
[[Gated community|Gated communities]] like Garuda Royale, Elite Park, Djs homes ( akshayas fortune heights ), Praneeth Pranav Meadows, Sri Avani Projects, Dollar Dreams, Dollar Meadows, SRR Heights with 99-houses community, RNG Infra [[Supra Avenue]], Keerthi Homes, Tripura Landmark, Sri Sai Residency, Sri Venkateshwara Heights, [[Durga]] Vihar gated Villas, Gokul's Brindavanam, SRK Homes, GOTHIC Infra's Pinnacle, Photon, Vajra Builders and Developers' prestigious project of Nature City (Gated community of 66 Villas) and The Royal Park (Gated community - Apartments) is in full swing, with Nature City almost coming to the end of completion and Puravidha are all located here.<br />
<br />
Amsri, a realty group, is proposing {{convert|260|acre|km2|adj=on}} integrated residential gated community, adjacent to Outer Ring Road, called as Amsri Global Village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amsri.com/amsri-global-village.html |title=Amsri |publisher=Amsri |date= |accessdate=2016-12-01}}</ref> Mantri Realty, a Mumbai-based realty company is planning two residential complexes comprising 800 apartments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/pp/2007/03/17/stories/2007031700260400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105100420/http://www.hindu.com/pp/2007/03/17/stories/2007031700260400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-11-05 |title=Archive News |date=2007-03-17|work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=2016-12-01}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rajiv Swagruha, a state-government project for providing houses to the middle class, has its project here.<br />
<br />
== Commercial area ==<br />
Makuta's Multiplex is about to setup in Bowrampet area in near future. A public sector bank, [[State Bank of Hyderabad|SBH]], has its branch here. Bowrampet is also home for Incub8 which is a Startup Incubator. Several private companies such as Edvenswa Tech, Edvenswa EPC, INLINE4 Engineering, Vanaha Essentials, Edvenswa Pharmaceuticals, etc. have their registered offices in Bowrampet. <br />
It is close to [[Bachupally]], which is a major hub for shopping and big commercial establishments.<br />
<br />
== Schools ==<br />
Bowrampet is a hub for International Schools. Schools like [[Oakridge International School]], a leading [[International Baccalaureate|IB school]], has {{convert|15|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus. Silver Oaks International School is another leading IB school in Bowrampet. Delhi Public School (DPS), Laurus - the Universal school (4-acre campus), Ambitus world School, Unicent International School, Geethanjali International School, Shantiniketan International School, Five Elements International School, Shikhara School, The Creek Planet School - Mercury Campus, Sri Vatsal Gurukul Vidyalaya, Sriveda Universe - The School, Vvyasa School, Pallavi International School, Academic Heights International School, Pragathi Central School, Slate - The School, Gayathri Vidya Layam, Nextgen School with 3 branches (Pragathi Nagar and Bowrampet) etc<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oakridgeinternational.com/New/groups_school.htm |title=Welcome to Admissions |website=www.oakridgeinternational.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331102027/http://www.oakridgeinternational.com/New/groups_school.htm |archive-date=31 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> have their campuses in Bowrampet. Other schools around are Kennedy High, Vikas, Bhashyam, Victory Model School etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aponline.gov.in./Apportal/schools/Ranga%20Reddy.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331092922/http://www.aponline.gov.in/Apportal/schools/RANGA%20REDDY.pdf |archivedate=2010-03-31 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Hospitals ==<br />
Bowrampet has Snigdha Ayurvedic Hospital which is rated highly since it started operating in February 2020.<br />
<br />
== Colleges ==<br />
An engineering college, DRK Institute of Science and Technology is located on a {{convert|10|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus. Sri Chaitanya IAS academy, Sri Chaitanya Jr. college(BiPC), Sri Chaitanya Boys Hostel, Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy(Boys hostel), Impulse IIT Academy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://drkinstech.ac.in/contact-us.html |title=Contact Us - DRK Institute of Science & Technology |accessdate=2009-09-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817114259/http://drkinstech.ac.in/contact-us.html |archivedate=2009-08-17 }}</ref> Other engineering colleges around are VNR Vignana Jyothi (VNRVJIET), JNTU campus, Gokaraju Rangaraju, Mallareddy. It is close to institutes like Sri Chaitanya Academy for Intermediate education, Sri Vidya College of Education. The AP Police is setting up Rangreddy district police training centre here.<ref>{{cite web|author=The author has posted comments on this article |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-08-22/hyderabad/27324727_1_police-commissionerate-training-centre-district-police |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024215618/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-08-22/hyderabad/27324727_1_police-commissionerate-training-centre-district-police |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-10-24 |title=Police commissionerate Rangareddy dist |date=2002-08-22 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=2016-12-01}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Arts Academy'''<br />
<br />
Bhramari kuchipudi dance and arts academy is located near Tripura landmark-2 which provides classical kuchipudi dance and arts regular classes and certifications.<br />
<br />
== Transport ==<br />
Bowrampet is well-connected by [[TSRTC]] buses to the city, the routes are:<br />
<br />
* 272 To Secunderabad Stn (via [[Gandimaisamma]], [[Jeedimetla]], [[Balanagar, Ranga Reddy|Balanagar]], [[Patny]])<br />
* 272 J/B To Secunderabad Stn (via Gandimaisamma, Jeedimetla, Balanagar, Jubilee Bus station)<br />
* 272 K To [[Balanagar, Ranga Reddy|Balanagar]], [[ESI Hospital|ESI]] (via Gandimaisamma, Jeedimetla)<br />
* 272 C To [[Shalibanda]] (via Gandimaisamma, [[Suraram, Nalgonda district|Suraram]], [[Moosapet]], [[Nampally, Hyderabad|Nampally]], [[Aliabad, Hyderabad|Aliabad]]) .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/About%20Us/Route-Network/TIME%20TABLE-HCZ.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029164329/http://apsrtc.gov.in/About%20Us/Route-Network/TIME%20TABLE-HCZ.htm |archivedate=2009-10-29 }}</ref><br />
<br />
The closest [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS station]], for local trains, is 8 kilometers away at [[KPHB|KPHB colony]]. A new station for Metro rail is proposed at [[Miyapur]].<br />
<br />
==Villages and suburbs around Bowrampet==<br />
[[Mallampet]], [[Bachupally]], [[Nizampet]], [[Kukatpally]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://wikimapia.org/564611/ Wikimapia picture of Bowrampet]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091029164329/http://apsrtc.gov.in/About%20Us/Route-Network/TIME%20TABLE-HCZ.htm APSRTC Buses Time table]<br />
* [https://archive.today/20070810010104/http://www.cyberabadtimes.net/2007/03/mantri-plans-mall-township.asp Article in cyerabadtimes.net]<br />
* [http://www.mmtstrains.in/p/mmts-time-table.html MMTS Time Table]<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Telangana}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Ranga Reddy district]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._Mahadevappa&diff=513923M. Mahadevappa2026-02-08T11:56:14Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian geneticist (1937–2021)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
| name = Madappa Mahadevappa<br />
<!--NOTE: please do not add the title "Dr" to his name: see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (biographies)#Academic titles]]--><br />
| image = Prof._Madappa_Mahadevappa.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = Mahadevappa in 2014<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1937|8|4}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Madapura]], [[Chamarajanagar]], [[Mysore State]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Karnataka]], India)<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|3|6|1937|8|4|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Mysuru]]<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| field = [[Agricultural science]], [[Forestry]], [[Plant Breeding]], [[Seed Technology]], [[Parthenium Weed Management]]<br />
| work_institutions = JSS Rural Development Foundation <br>[[University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad]]<br>[[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]<br>[[University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore]]<br>[[International Rice Research Institute]], [[Philippines]]<br>[[Central Food Technological Research Institute]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Sarada Vilas College]]<br>[[University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore]]<br>[[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]]<br />
| doctoral_advisor = <br />
| doctoral_students = <br />
| known_for = High-yielding Hybrid varieties of Rice in India<br />
| author_abbrev_bot = <br />
| author_abbrev_zoo = <br />
| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| prizes = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2014)<br>[[Padma Shri]] (2005)<br>[[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] (1984)<br>Bharat Ratna Sir. M. Vishweshwarayya Memorial Award (1999)<br>HONOR SUMMUS AWARD, The Watumall Foundation (1987)<br>Hooker Award (1981)<br>Sir Chotu Ram National Award (1996)<br>Best TNAU Alumunus Award (2002)<br>Agriculture Leadership Award (2009)<br>K.K. Murthy Award (1973)<br>Syndicate Agriculture Foundation Award (1973)<br>Nagamma Dattatreya Rao Desai Award (1989)<br>Nada Prabhu Kempegowda award (2017)<br>Krushika Kula Pradeepika (1996)<br>Prof C N R Rao KSTA Lifetime Achievement Award in Science and Technology (2020)<br><br />
| footnotes = <br />
| signature = <br />
}}<br />
'''Madappa Mahadevappa''' (4 August 1937 – 6 March 2021), popularly known as ''Rice Mahadevappa'' was an Indian [[Agricultural Science|agricultural scientist]] and [[Plant breeding|plant breeder]], renowned for developing high yielding hybrid varieties of rice.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nabsindia.org/profiles/mahadevappa.html |title=Profile of Dr. M. Mahadevappa |publisher=National Academy of Biological Sciences}}</ref> He served for more than 55 years and had a glowing career. He served as the Vice-chancellor of [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad]] for two terms (1994 - 2000) and his selfless hard work along with broad vision lead to the award of ICAR's '''SARDAR PATEL OUTSTANDING INSTITUTION''' award in the year 2000 to UAS, Dharwad. He served as chairman of ''Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board'' (2002 - 2003) under [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] of which he was a member of governing council. As chairman of ASRB, he introduced radical changes to create transparency in recruitment and expedited the process of promotions. This enhanced the talent pool at ICAR system to further contribute to the cause of the agriculture and farming community.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/scientist-wants-another-green-revolution/article3241256.ece |title=Scientist wants another green revolution | date=18 January 2006 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1420731.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119082641/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1420731.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 January 2013 |title='Hybrid paddy production will save water'<br />
|publisher=[[New Indian Express]]}}</ref> He was the recipient of '''[[Padma Bhushan]]''', India's third highest civilian honour, [[Padma Shri]] and various other accolades.<ref>[http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/7334 Dr Mahadevappa Conferred with Padma Bhushan]</ref><br />
<br />
==Contributions==<br />
Mahadevappa, an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]],<ref name="NAAS Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://naasindia.org/fdetail.html#M002 | title=NAAS Fellow | publisher=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=6 May 2016}}</ref> contributed extensively to the Indian agrarian community through various innovative applications and research initiatives including development of over nine varieties of high yielding hybrid rice varieties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb152005/spt5.asp |title=Future of paddy |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bangaloreindiabio.in/BIO2013/speakers_directory_indv_details.php?spkr_id=SPKR-20130118053918864156 |title=Prof. M. Mahadevappa |publisher=BangaloreIndiaBio }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> While being a pioneer in hybrid rice farming in the country, he was also credited for his ''Integrated Parthenium Weed Management'', a scientific and efficient weed management technique against the invasive [[Parthenium]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Aditya Kaul |url=http://www.pankajoudhia.com/iprng/IPRNG-parthenium_a&w13.htm |title=He fought for survival against the killer weed |publisher=Pioneer |date=6 January 2002}}</ref><br />
<br />
After retirement, he has been serving as Director of Rural Dev in JSS Mahavidyapeetha, Mysore - a reputed NGO with 340 institutions in four countries. He implemented the novel ‘seed village’ concept to uplift the socio-economic status of BPL farmers (7633 families benefited in ~500 villages of 28 districts) by reducing their dependency on external agencies and by providing sustained employment with the financial support of Rural Development Ministries. Implementation included establishment of i) Seed processing and storage units ii) 50 horticulture and forestry nurseries iii) 20 commercial silkworm chawki Rearing Centres iv) 40 shade net houses for producing vegetables and v) 300 value addition units. <br />
After retirement till his last breath, he was serving as Director of Rural Dev in JSS Mahavidyapeetha, Mysore - a reputed NGO with 340 institutions in four countries. He implemented the novel ‘seed village’ concept to uplift the socio-economic status of Below Poverty Line (BPL) farmers (7633 families benefited in ~500 villages of 28 districts) by reducing their dependency on external agencies and by providing sustained employment with the financial support of Rural Development Ministries. Implementation included establishment of i) Seed processing and storage units ii) 50 horticulture and forestry nurseries iii) 20 commercial silkworm chawki Rearing Centres iv) 40 shade net houses for producing vegetables and v) 300 value addition units. <br />
He is the Founder and Chief Editor of popular Kannada quarterly “Krishi Kayaka” which is widely subscribed as a useful resource of information for farmers, students and extension workers.<br />
<br />
Mahadevappa was a recipient of the [[Padma Bhushan]] and [[Padma Shri]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 March 2021|title=M. Mahadevappa, former Vice-Chancellor of UAS-Dharwad, no more|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/m-mahadevappa-former-vice-chancellor-of-uas-dharwad-no-more/article34008962.ece|access-date=7 March 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death == <br />
Mahadevappa died on 6 March 2021, due to age related ailments, in Mysore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/karnataka/2021/mar/06/karnataka-agri-scientist-dr-m-mahadevappa-passed-away-440996.html|title=ಕೃಷಿ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಮಹಾದೇವಪ್ಪ ನಿಧನ|trans-title=Agri scientist Mahadevappa passes away|work=Kannada Prabha|language=Kannada|date=6 March 2021|archive-date=10 March 2021|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310025428/https://www.kannadaprabha.com/karnataka/2021/mar/06/karnataka-agri-scientist-dr-m-mahadevappa-passed-away-440996.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahadevappa, M.}}<br />
[[Category:2021 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Plant breeding]]<br />
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]<br />
[[Category:Indian agronomists]]<br />
[[Category:1937 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Chamarajanagar district]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada people]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu Agricultural University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian botanists]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 1984]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambareesh_Murty&diff=485888Ambareesh Murty2026-02-05T22:43:38Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian entrepreneur and business executive (1971/1972–2023)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Ambareesh Murty<br />
| birth_name = Ambareesh Vedantam Murty<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth based on age at death|51|2023|8|7}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = {{death date and given age|2023|8|7|51|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Leh]], Ladakh, India<br />
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Delhi Technological University|Delhi College of Engineering]]|[[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta]]}}<br />
| occupation = [[Co-founder]] & CEO of [[Pepperfry]]<br />
| known_for = {{cslist|[[Pepperfry]]|[[eBay]]|[[Cadbury]]|[[Internet and Mobile Association of India]] (IAMAI)}}<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ambareesh Vedantam Murty''' ({{Birth based on age at death|51|2023|8|7}} – 7 August 2023) was an Indian entrepreneur and business executive. He was the co-founder and CEO of the e-commerce furniture and home goods company [[Pepperfry]], which he co-founded with Ashish Shah in 2012. Before founding Pepperfry, Murty was a country manager at [[eBay]] for India.<br />
<br />
== Biography==<br />
Ambareesh Murty held a B.E. from the [[Delhi Technological University|Delhi College of Engineering]] and an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta]]. Murty's entrepreneurship began before entering IIM when he home-tutored students of Class XI and XII in Physics and Math.<ref name="sugermint">{{Cite web |date=7 April 2022 |title=How Pepperfry become India's Largest Online Furniture Store: Success Story |url=https://sugermint.com/pepperfry-success-story/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Suger Mint |language=en-US}}</ref> He set up a small business called Tutors' Bureau that connected talented tutors with school students. He ran the venture for two years in the early 1990s.<ref name="livemint" /><br />
<br />
Murty began his corporate career as a management trainee with [[Cadbury|Cadbury India]] in 1996. He spent the next five years in the company's marketing division rising to the position of brand manager and worked at Cadbury's [[Delhi]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Mumbai]] offices until 2001. In the next few years, he worked in several industry verticals holding leadership positions such as VP (Marketing) with ICICI Prudential AMC, and as brand leader at Levi Strauss India.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 January 2012 |title=Why young, successful CEOs dump the trappings of corporate power |language=en |work=Business Today |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/features/story/ceos-dump-corporate-power-own-business-reason-28824-2012-01-25}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2003, he left Levi Strauss' [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] office to start Origin Resource, a financial training venture for asset management. However, he returned to corporate life in 2005 joining [[Britannia]] as a marketing manager.<ref name="livemint" /> In March 2008, he became the country head of eBay India.<ref name="techcircle"/><ref>{{cite news |title=eBay India appoints Murty as Country Manager |work=Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/eBay-India-appoints-Murty-as-Country-Manager/283038/}}</ref> During his tenure with eBay, he also served as the vice chairman of the [[Internet and Mobile Association of India]] (IAMAI).<ref name="techcircle"/> While exploring the potential of the e-commerce market in India at eBay, Murty met future Pepperfry partner and co-founder Ashish Shah.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kotecha |first1=Arushi |date=28 November 2017 |title=Pepperfry's recipe for success |language=en |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/kDhDfz2VteLz3z1ATZhpcN/Pepperfrys-recipe-for-success.html}}</ref> Murty left eBay in 2011.<ref name="techcircle">{{cite news |date=10 May 2011 |title=EBay India's Ambareesh Murty Resigns; New Country Manager Is Muralikrishnan B |work=Techcircle |url=https://www.techcircle.in/2011/05/10/ebay-indias-ambareesh-murty-resigns-new-country-manager-is-muralikrishnan-b}}</ref><br />
<br />
Murty founded Pepperfry along with Ashish Shah in 2012 in Mumbai.<ref name="livemint">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2021 |title=Pepperfry's Ambareesh Murty: The man in the golden chair |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/big-story/the-man-in-the-golden-chair-111616694010162.html |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|LiveMint]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zachariah |first1=Reeba |title=Pepperfry Rejigs Structure For Ipo {{!}} Mumbai News |language=en |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |issue=29 July 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/pepperfry-rejigs-structure-for-ipo/articleshow/93199307.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Dearton |date=7 March 2018 |title=State Street Global Advisors invests in furniture e-tailer PepperFry |work=[[VCCircle]] |url=https://www.vccircle.com/state-street-global-advisors-invests-in-furniture-e-tailer-pepperfry}}</ref> Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Layak |first1=Suman |title=We have democratised furniture market: Ambareesh Murty, cofounder and CEO of Pepperfry |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/we-have-democratised-furniture-market-ambareesh-murty-cofounder-and-ceo-of-pepperfry/articleshow/70926091.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=31 August 2019}}</ref> Pepperfry is worth $500 million, with a $244 million investment over eight funding rounds, as of 2020.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 January 2022 |title=Exclusive: Thrasio's $500M India bet; Pepperfry assembling IPO |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/newsletters/morning-dispatch/exclusive-thrasios-500m-india-bet-pepperfry-assembling-ipo/articleshow/88887688.cms}}</ref> Among its investors are [[Goldman Sachs]], and Bertelsmann India Investments.<ref name="sugermint" /><ref name="livemint" /><br />
<br />
Murty died from cardiac arrest on 7 August 2023 at age 51.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 August 2023 |title=Pepperfry CEO Ambareesh Murty dies of cardiac arrest at 51 |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/pepperfry-ceo-ambareesh-murty-dies-aged-51-due-to-cardiac-arrest-533287 |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murty, Ambareesh}}<br />
[[Category:1970s births]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]<br />
[[Category:2023 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]<br />
[[Category:Delhi Technological University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Calcutta alumni]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sagarika_Ghose&diff=455880Sagarika Ghose2026-02-02T13:39:23Z<p>Samwaterman2016: updated section further and added references after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian writer and journalist (born 1964)}}<br />
{{pp-move}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Sagarika Ghose<br />
| image =<br />
| image_size = 180px<br />
| caption = Ghose remarks on Motion for Thanks on [[President of India|President]]'s Address in [[Rajya Sabha]] ({{circa|2025}})<br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br />
| term_start = 3 April 2024<br />
| predecessor = [[Abir Biswas]] <br />
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|11|8|df=yes}} <br />
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]<br />
| education = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br/>[[Magdalen College, Oxford]] (BA)<br/>[[St Antony's College, Oxford]] ([[MPhil]])<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Journalist]]|[[Politician]]}}<br />
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]] (since 2024)<br />
| mother = Chitralekha Ghose<br />
| father = [[Bhaskar Ghose]]<br />
| relatives = [[Dilip Sardesai]] (father-in-law)<br/>[[Arundhati Ghose]] (aunt)<br/>[[Ruma Pal]] (aunt)<br/>[[Sanjay Ghose]] (cousin)<br />
| module = <br />
{{infobox journalist<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| years_active = 1991-present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Rajdeep Sardesai]]|1994}}<br />
| notable_works = ''[[Indira: India's Most Powerful Prime Minister]]''<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sagarika Ghose''' ({{IPA|bn|ʃagorika ɡʱoʃ}}; born 8 November 1964) is an Indian Member of Parliament, [[journalist]], columnist and author.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bloody-mary/strategy-to-breach-bjp-mukt-south-india-cant-rely-on-hindu-card-modi/|title=Strategy to breach BJP-mukt South India can't rely on Hindu card, Modi|date=6 May 2018|access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpercollins.co.in/author-details/sagarika-ghose/|title=Sagarika Ghose|access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=‘Inspired by Mamata's courage’: Journalist Sagarika Ghose as TMC names her Rajya Sabha candidate |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/inspired-by-mamatas-courage-journalist-sagarika-ghose-as-tmc-names-her-rajya-sabha-candidate-101707702531465.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> She has been a journalist since 1991 and has worked at ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' and ''[[The Indian Express]]''. She was a prime time anchor for [[BBC World News|BBC World]] on ''Question Time India'' and on the news network [[CNN-IBN]], also being the deputy editor for the latter. Ghose has won several awards in journalism and is the author of two novels, as well as the biography of [[Indira Gandhi]], ''[[Indira: India's Prime Minister]]''. She worked as Consulting Editor of ''[[The Times of India]]'' from 2014 to 2020. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bloody-mary/chanakyas-not-21st-century-misuse-of-power-in-karnataka-cannot-be-justified-as-an-ancient-art-of-politics/|title=Chanakya's not 21st century: Misuse of power in Karnataka cannot be justified as an ancient art of politics|work=The Times of India|date=28 May 2018|access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> In 2022, her biography of former Indian Prime Minister, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was released.<ref name="sundayguardianlive.com">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-01|title=A deep dive research into Vajpayee's life|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/deep-dive-research-vajpayees-life|access-date=2022-01-08|website=The Sunday Guardian Live|language=en-US|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108225133/https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/deep-dive-research-vajpayees-life|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
Ghose did her schooling at [[Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram]], [[Delhi]], and completed her [[B.A.]] degree in [[History]] from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]. A [[List of Rhodes Scholars|recipient]] of the [[Rhodes Scholarship]] in 1987, she has a [[B.A.]] in [[Modern History]] from [[Magdalen College, Oxford]], and an [[M.Phil.]] from [[St Antony's College, Oxford]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Sagarika Ghose |url=http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/32718/Sagarika_Ghose/index.aspx |title=Sagarika Ghose from HarperCollins Publishers |publisher=Harpercollins.com |date=24 March 2010 |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Since 1991, she has worked as a journalist at ''[[The Times Of India]]'', ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' magazine and ''[[The Indian Express]]'' and was deputy editor and prime time anchor on the news network [[CNN-IBN]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arya |first1=Divya |title=Why are Indian women being attacked on social media? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-22378366 |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=May 8, 2013}}</ref><ref name="replay.waybackmachine">{{cite web|url=http://mutiny.in/2007/06/05/interview-with-sagarika-ghose |title=Interview with Sagarika Ghose |publisher=mutiny.in |date=5 June 2007 |access-date=9 April 2011 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131085318/http://mutiny.in/2007/06/05/interview-with-sagarika-ghose |archive-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Seema Chowdhry">{{cite web|author=Seema Chowdhry |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/PUpBx8sSjFQRrjhqBMVmiO/Airing-both-sides.html |title=Airing both sides |publisher=Livemint |date=8 February 2013 |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Ghose resigned as deputy editor of [[CNN-IBN]] in July 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140704/nation-current-affairs/article/rajdeep-sardesai-resigns-editor-chief-cnn-ibn|title=Rajdeep Sardesai Resigns as Editor in Chief of CNN-IBN|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=5 July 2014|access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2004, she became the first woman to host ''Question Time India''.<ref name="dna2006"/> She was the deputy editor and a prime time anchor on the news network [[CNN-IBN]].<ref name="replay.waybackmachine"/><ref name="Seema Chowdhry"/> Her writings and broadcasts have earned her popularity and also criticism from right-wing viewers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://m.outlookindia.com/story.aspx?sid=4&aid=282107 |title=Netiquette, Not Censorship |publisher=M.outlookindia.com |access-date=18 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020103341/http://m.outlookindia.com/story.aspx?sid=4&aid=282107 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="India: Meet the 'Internet Hindus'">{{cite news|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/india/120615/internet-hindus-hindu-nationalists-right-wing-politics |title=India: Meet the 'Internet Hindus' |publisher=GlobalPost |date=18 June 2012 |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ghose's Twitter interview with [[Arvind Kejriwal]] of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] in 2013 became the first instance of an Indian politician giving a social media interview prior to the polls.<ref name="ibnl">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/in-first-twitter-interview-kejriwal-says-no-free-power-if-aap-wins-in-delhi/431654-80-258.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103005925/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/in-first-twitter-interview-kejriwal-says-no-free-power-if-aap-wins-in-delhi/431654-80-258.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2013|title=In first Twitter interview, Kejriwal says no free power if AAP wins in Delhi|work=IBNLive.com | date=1 November 2013 | access-date=28 November 2013}}</ref> Ghose resigned from [[CNN-IBN]] on 5 July 2014 after the network was acquired by the [[Mukesh Ambani]]-led [[Reliance Industries]] ltd. She was deputy editor of the channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/57yRvDxbdsfoQMhZMwWcPO/CNNIBN-editors-Rajdeep-Sardesai-and-Sagarika-Ghose-quit.html|title=CNN-IBN editors Rajdeep Sardesai and Sagarika Ghose quit|work=livemint.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-rajdeep-sardesai-sagarika-ghose-quit-cnn-ibn-herere-their-emotional-farewell-not-4669527-NOR.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714193434/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-rajdeep-sardesai-sagarika-ghose-quit-cnn-ibn-herere-their-emotional-farewell-not-4669527-NOR.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2014|title=Rajdeep Sardesai and Sagarika Ghose Quit CNN-IBN|work=daily.bhaskar.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and honors==<br />
Her show ''Question Time Didi'', an audience based interaction with West Bengal chief minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] and students, from which Banerjee famously stormed out mid-way, received the NT Award for Best Public Debate Show in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/newstopics/National-Television-Awards.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629120450/http://ibnlive.in.com/newstopics/National-Television-Awards.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=National Television Awards: Latest News Stories, Photos, Videos, Blogs & Talks |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> She was awarded the [[Indian Television Academy Awards|Gr8-ITA]] award for Excellence in Journalism in 2009.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} Ghose was awarded an Excellence in Journalism Award (Aparajita Award) from [[FICCI]] Ladies Organisation in 2005.{{cn|date=May 2024}} In 2012 she received the CF Andrews Award for Distinguished Alumnus from St Stephen's College.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/videos/news-video-live/news/watch-st-stephens-felicitates-sagarika-ghose-other-alumni-310686-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823033630/http://www.in.com/videos/news-video-live/news/watch-st-stephens-felicitates-sagarika-ghose-other-alumni-310686-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 August 2013 |title=Watch: St Stephen's Felicitates Sagarika Ghose, Other Alumni |publisher=In.com |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref><br />
In 2013, Ghose received the ITA Best Anchor Award from the Indian Television Academy (ITA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ita-awards-cnnibn-best-english-news-channel-sagarika-ghose-best-anchor/430119-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028022023/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ita-awards-cnnibn-best-english-news-channel-sagarika-ghose-best-anchor/430119-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 October 2013 |title=ITA Awards: CNN-IBN best English news channel, Sagarika Ghose best anchor |publisher=IBNLive.com |access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> In 2014, The Rhodes Project included Ghose on a list of 13 famous women Rhodes Scholars.<ref>{{cite web|title=13 famous Rhodes Women|url=http://rhodesproject.com/13-famous-rhodes-women/|publisher=rhodesproject.com}}</ref> In 2017 Ghose was awarded the C.H.Mohammed Koya National Award for journalism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bureaucracybuzz.com/2017/01/21/vice-president-giving-away-the-c-h-mohammed-koya-national-journalism-award-2016/|title=Vice President giving away the C.H. Mohammed Koya National Journalism Award 2016 - BureaucracyBuzz.com|date=2017-01-21|work=BureaucracyBuzz.com|access-date=2018-09-10|language=en-US|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910164610/http://bureaucracybuzz.com/2017/01/21/vice-president-giving-away-the-c-h-mohammed-koya-national-journalism-award-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Published works==<br />
Ghose is the author of two novels, ''The Gin Drinkers,'' published in 1998, and ''Blind Faith,'' in 2004. ''The Gin Drinkers'' was also published in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/printed-books/the-gin-drinkers-sagarika-ghose/1141542/ |title=The Gin Drinkers - Sagarika Ghose - Review - A lush portrait of Delhi Intellectual life |publisher=Dooyoo.co.uk |date=18 October 2008 |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Ghose also published a biography of former Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], ''[[Indira: India's Most Powerful Prime Minister]]'' (Juggernaut Books) in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Special Correspondent |title=The lasting mystique of Indira Gandhi: Sagarika Ghose speaks about her book 'Indira, India's Most Powerful Prime Minister' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/the-lasting-mystique-of-indira-gandhi/article19280984.ece |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=July 15, 2017}}</ref> The biography is slated to be made into a film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/864556/vidya-balan-to-play-indira-gandhi-in-adaptation-of-sagarika-ghoses-biography |title=Vidya Balan to play Indira Gandhi in the adaptation of Sagarika Ghose's biography |publisher=scroll.in |date=10 January 2018 |access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref> In 2022 her biography of former Indian Prime Minister, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was released.<ref name="sundayguardianlive.com"/><br />
<br />
In her 2018 non-fiction book, ''Why I Am A Liberal: A Manifesto For Indians Who Believe in Individual Freedom'',<ref name="dna2006"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/books/story/20060925-book-review-of-blind-faith-by-sagarika-ghose-782281-2006-09-24|title=Pulp friction|last=Bose|first=Brinda|date=25 September 2006|access-date=11 July 2013|work=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why I Am a Liberal|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/why-i-am-a-liberal/|access-date=2020-07-01|website=Penguin Random House India|language=en-US}}</ref> Ghose describes herself as a liberal who believes in rule of law, limited government, robust institutions and individual liberty. Ghose propounds the thesis that although the republic of India was founded as a liberal democracy in 1947, subsequent Indian governments throughout the post-Independence period have sought to attack individual liberty and vastly increase the powers of the government, or the powers of what she calls the Indian 'Big State'.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
She is the daughter of [[Bhaskar Ghose]], formerly of the Indian Administrative Service 1960 batch, erstwhile Director General of [[Doordarshan]], the Indian public television network.<ref name="dna2006">{{cite news|last=Som|first=Rituparna|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1062473/report-most-of-my-critics-are-talentless-elderly-ladies-sagarika-ghose|title=Most of my critics are talentless lderly ladies: Sagarika Ghose|work=DNA | date=6 November 2006 | access-date=10 July 2013}}</ref> Her two aunts include [[Arundhati Ghose]], former ambassador and diplomat and [[Ruma Pal]], former justice of the [[Supreme Court of India]]. She is married to journalist and news anchor [[Rajdeep Sardesai]], the son of former Indian test cricketer [[Dilip Sardesai]]. Rajdeep and Sagarika have two children, son Dr. Ishan Sardesai and daughter Tarini Sardesai, advocate.<ref>{{cite news|title=The referee in town|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/10/stories/2004061001580100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041121220555/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/10/stories/2004061001580100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 November 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 June 2004}}</ref> Ghose’s maternal great- grandfather was Dr K.S Ray, scion of the Teota zamindari family, who was one of Bengal’s renowned doctors and thoracic surgery pioneer, one of the founders of the Indian Medical Association and founder of the TB Hospital in Jadavpur, Kolkata.<br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
Sagarika Ghose joined the [[Trinamool Congress]] Party on 11 February 2024,<ref name="Journalist Sagarika Ghose joins TMC, to contest Rajya Sabha election">{{cite news |last1=Deccan Herald |title=Journalist Sagarika Ghose joins TMC, to contest Rajya Sabha election |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/journalist-sagarika-ghose-joins-tmc-to-contest-rajya-sabha-election-2889947 |access-date=11 February 2024 |date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211171250/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/journalist-sagarika-ghose-joins-tmc-to-contest-rajya-sabha-election-2889947 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and was elected as the party's candidate to the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 2024.<ref name="Trinamool names Sagarika Ghose, Sushmita Dev, and two others for Rajya Sabha">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Trinamool names Sagarika Ghose, Sushmita Dev, and two others for Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/tmc-announces-candidature-of-sagarika-ghose-sushmita-dev-2-others-for-rs-polls/article67834933.ece |access-date=11 February 2024 |date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211171055/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/tmc-announces-candidature-of-sagarika-ghose-sushmita-dev-2-others-for-rs-polls/article67834933.ece |archive-date=11 February 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
*''The Gin Drinkers'' (1998)<br />
*''Blind Faith'' (2004)<br />
*''[[Indira: India's Most Powerful Prime Minister]]'' (2017)<br />
*''Why I Am A Liberal: A Manifesto For Indians Who Believe in Individual Freedom'' (2018)<br />
*''Atal Bihari Vajpayee – India's Most Loved Prime Minister'' (2022)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Twitter}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghose, Sagarika}}<br />
[[Category:1964 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
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[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]<br />
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[[Category:Alumni of St Antony's College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Rhodes Scholars]]<br />
[[Category:Indian opinion journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television news anchors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women television journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women columnists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian columnists]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Novelists from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from New Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Shape_of_Ancient_Thought&diff=540692The Shape of Ancient Thought2026-01-29T03:36:54Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2001 book by Thomas McEvilley}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox book<br />
| name = The Shape of Ancient Thought<br />
| image = The Shape of Ancient Thought book cover.jpg<br />
| border = yes<br />
| caption = Cover of the first edition<br />
| author = [[Thomas McEvilley]]<br />
| country = United States<br />
| language = English<br />
| publisher = Allworth Press<br />
| pub_date = November 1, 2001<br />
| pages = 768<br />
| isbn = 978-1-58115-203-6<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies''''' is a book by the American writer [[Thomas McEvilley]], published in 2001 by Allworth Press.<br />
<br />
==Summary==<br />
[[Thomas McEvilley]] traces exchanges between [[ancient Greek philosophy]] and ancient [[Indian philosophy]], created through trade, empires and migration. Due to the mutual debts he identifies, often in the form of parallels or documented contacts with Persia, McEvilley argues that the [[Western world]] should be considered a product of both Western and Eastern thought.<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
In ''[[Philosophy East and West]]'', Will S. Rasmussen described ''The Shape of Ancient Thought'' as McEvilley's [[Masterpiece|magnum opus]], which consists of "an encyclopedic array of texts" and clear arguments for the strong mutual influence between Greece and India.<ref name="rasmussen">{{cite journal |last=Rasmussen |first=Will S. |year=2006 |title=The Shape of Ancient Thought |journal=[[Philosophy East and West]] |volume=56 |issue=1 |page=182 |doi=10.1353/pew.2006.0003 }}</ref> He wrote that McEvilley used "admirable sensitivity" when he rejected dichotomies between the rational and mystical, and covered the often politicized scholarship about the subject.<ref name="rasmussen" /><br />
<br />
Emily Kearns wrote in ''[[Classical Association|The Classical Review]]'' that each chapter can be read as a stimulating essay in its own right. She described ''The Shape of Ancient Thought'' overall as eloquent and rarely overstated, as it acknowledges its limits, the possibilities that parallels may be coincidences, and the significant differences that do exist between Greek and Indian philosophy.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kearns |first=Emily |year=2004 |title=Indian Connections |journal=[[Classical Association|The Classical Review]] |volume=54 |issue=2 |page=423 |doi=10.1093/cr/54.2.420 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations]]<br />
* [[Orientalizing period]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite journal |last=Miller |first=John P. |year=2006 |title=Review Essay: Ancient Roots of Holistic Education |journal=Encounter: Education for Meaning and Social Justice |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=55–59 |hdl=1807/32399 |hdl-access=free }}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/allworth-press/9781581152036/the-shape-of-ancient-thought/ Presentation from the publisher]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shape of Ancient Thought}}<br />
[[Category:2001 non-fiction books]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient Greek philosophy studies]]<br />
[[Category:History books about ancient Greece]]<br />
[[Category:History books about India]]<br />
[[Category:History books about philosophy]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathura_Singh&diff=516821Mathura Singh2026-01-27T06:26:33Z<p>Samwaterman2016: stub...</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian revolutionary (1883–1918)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = Doctor <br />
| name = Mathura Singh<br />
| image = Revolutionary Doctor Mathura Singh.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Revolutionary Mathura Singh<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = 1883 <br />
| birth_place = Dhudial, district [[Jhelum]] (Pakistan)<br />
| death_date = 28 March 1918 <br />
| death_place = Lahore Central Jail<br />
| death_cause = [[execution by hanging]]<br />
| occupation = [[Revolutionary]]<br />
| movement = [[Indian Independence Movement]]<br />
| organization = [[Ghadar Movement|Ghadr party]]<br />
| father = Sardar Hari Singh<br />
| other_names = <br />
}}<br />
'''Mathura Singh''' (1883 – 28 March 1918) was the International Ambassador of [[Ghadar Movement]]. An expert in bomb-making, he waged war to overthrow the British Imperialist government to liberate India to establish a people's government based on equality, fraternity and liberty and ultimately laid his life on the gallows in Lahore jail on 28 March 1918.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Arjun |date=2019-07-20 |title=Dr. Mathura Singh (1883 - 27 March 1917) {{!}} Bharat Mata Mandir {{!}} Museum Of Freedom Fighters |url=https://bharatmatamandir.in/dr-mathura-singh/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Mathura Singh was born in the village Dhudial, district [[Jhelum]] (Pakistan) in 1883. His father's name was Sardar Hari Singh. He received his early education in his village and later went to the high school in Chakwal. He had a very sharp intellect and fared very well amongst his classmates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Virander Sandhu |url=https://archive.org/details/bhagat-singh-te-una-de-bajurg |title=Bhagat Singh Te Una De Bajurg |date=1975}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12784 | title=The Roll of Honour | date=1960 | publisher=Vidya Bharati,Calcutta }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
After completing his matriculation, he apprenticed privately as a doctor. Messer Jagat Singh and Brother's shop is still intact in Rawalpindi to date. He had started learning his job there. He used to work with great diligence and became proficient after performing 3-4 times. Thereafter he opened his shop. This shop was in [[Nowshera Cantonment|Naushera]] Cantonment. He had subscribed to health journals from all the countries. He decided to go to America for specialised education. The imbroglio of the shop had still not been resolved when his wife and son passed away. However, this failed to deter him and he departed for America in 1913. He had to halt in [[Shanghai]] due to lack of money. He started practising medicine there and achieved great success. But he had a mind to go to [[Canada]] and thus left along with some other Indians. He faced enormous hardships there. Initially, only he and another Indian got permission to disembark while the rest were not. Due to this reason, he too decided not to disembark. Later, at the insistence of some friends, he did land but got into trouble with immigration officials for the sake of fellow travelers. A trial was conducted. However, the law and courts safeguard the interests of only the powerful and not the inhabitants of a slave country. He along with other Indian travellers was forced to return from there on the very same flimsy excuse of not reaching Canada directly on a ship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.scoerat.13938therollofhonour/page/284/mode/thumb|title=dli.scoerat.13938therollofhonour|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Involvement in Ghadr movement ===<br />
He returned to Shanghai. Upon return, he narrated his poignant tale of woe and humiliation to Indians and suggested Baba Gurdit Singh ji to hire his ship which should sail directly to Canada. Baba Ji rented a ship following his suggestion and named it Guru Nanak Ship. As he had to return to Punjab for some reason while the ship promptly got ready to leave, he could not arrive in time to board the ship. Along with 35 other co-farers, he sailed off from Singapore on another ship hoping to join the [[SS Komagata Maru|Komagata Maru]] at Shanghai. Upon reaching [[Hong Kong]] he discovered that the ship had already left. Now he had solemnly resolved to dedicate his life for the sake of India's liberation. He started to propagate the cause in Hong Kong. The newspaper Ghadar used to reach here was delivered from America. He too began to print and distribute a similar anonymous paper. He was constantly getting the news in respect of the atrocities being committed on Komagata Maru ship passengers. When it was learned that the Komagata Maru would have to return, he zealously started propaganda. A Sikh police inspector was engaged in the suppression of all such movements in Canton. He called on him and after the ensuing conversation, the Sikh official himself became his collaborator for the cause. He had to leave for Shanghai for some work. While leaving he told everyone that he intended to leave for India by boarding the Komagata Maru. Getting wind of the resolve, the government did not grant permission to anchor the ship in Shanghai. After two or three days everyone left for India by different ships. While the Komagata Maru ship was still anchored in [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], these people had already reached Calcutta. The government booked him a ticket for Punjab and got him to board a train. Before he reached Amritsar, the saga of Budge-Budge occurred. People got so restive and furious on receiving this news; that the fires of revenge got ignited. However, he pacified other comrades by reasoning and motivated them to carry out publicity at first and started the organisational work himself. He was assigned the job of bomb-making and he was very skilled in this task. Hundreds of activists started arriving from America to augment the fire of revolt. All arrangements were executed expeditiously. Seeing such a massive organisation of the rebellion taking shape, it was planned to raise the banner of a pan-Indian revolt simultaneously and the date for the same was set. However, the entire enterprise failed. Everything planned so meticulously, went awry on account of the treachery of one Kirpal Singh. Arrests started but Dr. Mathura couldn't get caught.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/maltribune19140721-1.2.39qt=komagata,%20maru&q=Komagata%20Maru&#x20;qt=komagata,%20maru&q=Komagata%20Maru|title=The Komagata Maru's Passengers}}</ref><ref>[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/pinangazette19140724-1.2.26?qt=komagata,%20maru&q=Komagata%20Maru Indians and Canada]</ref><br />
<br />
=== Mission outside India ===<br />
Once an informer, on the payroll of the government, advised Mathura Singh to become an approver instead of pardon and a big reward. He contemptuously declined it. On another occasion, a secret police official reached out to him but he was well aware that the doctor was a fearless revolutionary. Therefore, he did not dare to catch him directly. On the contrary, he told him that he had come to inform him that the government had granted him reprieve and promised a reward. He well understood that these phrases were a cover-up for his lack of courage to capture him. Therefore, he ostensibly expressed some agreement with him and then managed to flee. Thus he discovered that while living in India, it was impossible to avoid arrest any further. Therefore, he left for [[Kabul]]. He got captured at [[Wazirabad]] station but could evade arrest by bribing the officials. Thereafter he moved towards Kohat. Police got this news and a heavy police guard was positioned at the railway station. A lot of police personnel boarded the train and all the compartments were searched. But he couldn't be apprehended. After staying there for a few days he reached Kabul. Soon, he became quite famous. Taking cognizance of his competence, he was appointed Chief Medical Officer of Kabul.<br />
<br />
=== New attempts for uprising outside India ===<br />
Though the attempt at revolt in India failed, vigorous efforts were afoot overseas. The provisional government of India had been formed in Kabul which was devoted to India's liberation in collaboration with Germany. At that time the Indian diaspora which included Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs in Arab, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Iran etc. were attempting a revolt in India. He too involved himself in the very same endeavour. In this connection. He had to visit [[Germany]] and returned after a few days. He had to visit Iran frequently. Later it was decided that a letter be dispatched to the [[Tsar]] of Russia soliciting his support for the Indian revolution. Accompanied by numerous attendants and camels laden with goods, he departed in great style. However, he was ignorant of the fact that all the news of his travel was being leaked by a traitor to the British government. He was arrested in the city of [[Tashkent]]. He was brought to Iran for identification and the trial ensued. Many people tried to obviate handing him over to the Indian government but like all other failed attempts earlier, this one too was doomed to fail.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Text of Vice-President's address on the occasion of 138th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Raja Mahendra Pratap at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi (Excerpts) |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2079506 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Trial and death sentence==<br />
Mathura Singh was brought to Lahore. Those were the days when Michael O’Dwyer's writ ran large. After the charade of justice, the death sentence was pronounced on him. He received the news by evincing immense delight. His younger brother came to visit him in Jail. He asked him, “Brother, are you worried about my imminent death?” The youngster broke down. In a tone mixed with anguish and enthusiasm, he said to him, “Come on! This is a moment to celebrate. Do Sikhs shed tears while laying down their lives for the country? I am enormously happy that I had performed to the best of my abilities for the Indian freedom and I shall peacefully embrace death at the gallows.” He tried to lend him courage in this manner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PUNJAB. Malaya Tribune, 13 March 1917, Page 2 |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/maltribune19170313-1.2.14?qt=mathura,%20singh&q=Mathura%20Singh |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref><br />
<br />
On February 21, 1917, Dr Singh was placed before a Special Tribunal with the charge of waging war against the King, etc. (Sections 121,121A,131,132,302-109 T.P.С.). The judgment awarding capital punishment was received by the accused Mathura Singh with the greatest unconcern. Dr. Mathura Singh, a redoubtable fighter and a strong arm of the revolution, was hanged on March 28, 1918, in the [[Lahore]] Central Jail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.scoerat.13938therollofhonour/page/293/mode/2up|title=dli.scoerat.13938therollofhonour|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.centralsikhmuseum.com/gallery/gadar-party/ A Gallery on Gadar Party]<br />
* [http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/collection/gadar-party Ghadar Party materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]<br />
* [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ36004.pdf Ghadar: The Indian Immigrant Outrage Against Canadian Injustices 1900–1918] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182835/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ36004.pdf |date=27 September 2007 }} by Sukhdeep Bhoi<br />
* [http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/gadarcol.html The Hindustan Ghadar Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410190346/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/gadarcol.html |date=10 April 2009 }}. [[The Bancroft Library]], [[University of California, Berkeley]]<br />
* [http://www.cgpi.org Communist Ghadar Party of India]<br />
<br />
{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}<br />
{{Indian independence movement}}<br />
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}<br />
{{Sikh politics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ghadar Party| ]]<br />
[[Category:1913 establishments in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Defunct political parties in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]<br />
[[Category:Indian-American history]]<br />
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1919]]<br />
[[Category:Political parties established in 1913]]<br />
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]<br />
[[Category:Indian anarchists]]<br />
[[Category:Executed anarchists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian anti-capitalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian atheism activists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian communists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian nationalists]]<br />
[[Category:Executed communists]]<br />
[[Category:Executed Indian revolutionaries]]<br />
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]<br />
[[Category:1883 births]]<br />
[[Category:1918 deaths]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viragalur&diff=544787Viragalur2026-01-14T03:26:05Z<p>Samwaterman2016: created a entry</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Village of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Viragalur<br />
| other_name = விரகாலூர்<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| etymology = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India<br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Map of Tamil Nadu<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|10.9093|78.97374|display=inline,title}}<br />
| coordinates_footnotes = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Region]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = Tiruchirappalli<br />
| established_title = <br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| seat_type = <br />
| seat = <br />
| leader_party = <br />
| leader_title = <br />
| leader_name = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_total = 4466<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = Postal code<br />
| postal_code = 621722<ref>{{cite web |title=Viragalur SO Pin Code, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tools/pincodes/tamil-nadu/tiruchirappalli/viragalur-so |website=[[NDTV]] |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><br />
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]]<br />
| area_code = <br />
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code<br />
| blank_info_sec1 = 635933<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| area_total_ha = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Viragalur''' is a village located in [[Lalgudi taluk]] of [[Tiruchirappalli district]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1991: Tiruchirappalli (pt. A) |date=1994 |publisher=Controller of Publications |page=246 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sainik Samachar: The Pictorial Weekly of the Armed Forces |date=1980 |publisher=Director of Public Relations, Ministry of Defence |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the village has population of 4466 of which 2285 are males while 2181 are females.<ref>{{cite web |title=Visualizations {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/data-visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators |website=[[Census of India]] |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PCA: Primary Census Abstract C.D. Block wise, Tamil Nadu - District Tiruchirappalli - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/41289/download/44920/PCA_CDB-3313-F-Census.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notable people ==<br />
* [[Stan Swamy]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Maoists are fighting for rights of the marginalised, says Thirumavalavan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/naxals-are-fighting-for-rights-of-the-marginalised-says-thirumavalavan/article69777739.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=19 November 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 July 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Barla |first1=Dayamani |author1-link=Dayamani Barla |title=Teacher, companion, motivator: Adivasi-rights activist Dayamani Barla remembers Stan Swamy |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/communities/adivasi-rights-activist-dayamani-barla-remembers-stan-swamy |access-date=19 November 2025 |work=[[The Caravan]] |date=29 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Reference ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Villages in Tiruchirappalli district]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obelisk_Monument&diff=522706Obelisk Monument2026-01-11T00:12:33Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Adding new data</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Commemorative edifice in Karnataka state, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
[[File:Obelisk - Srirangapatna.jpg|thumb|The Obelisk Monument. also known as the Siege Monument, in [[Srirangapatna]]]]<br />
'''Obelisk Monument''', also known as the '''Siege Monument''', is a commemorative edifice built in [[Srirangapatna]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Karnataka]]. It marks the memory of the British officers and native soldiers who lost their lives during the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|siege of Srirangapatna]] on 4 May 1799 during the last [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore war]] fought during 1798-99 between the British army and the forces of the [[Mysore Kingdom]] led by [[Tipu Sultan]]. The British army was led by the British [[George Harris, 1st Baron Harris|General Harris]]. The memorial was built during the reign of [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]] in 1907 as a mark of gratitude by the [[Wadiyars]] for getting back their throne from the Sultans.<br />
<br />
The Obelisk is a tapering narrow structure of polished stone in the form of a square base with a conical tower supported on four cannon balls. The conically tapering top at the pinnacle is fitted with a cannon ball. At the base, four plaques are fitted, one on each of the square faces of the obelisk, which commemorate not only the siege operations of 4 May 1799 but also the martyrdom of British officers and soldiers of the British army and also the Indian (native) soldiers.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Before the start of the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore war]] in February 1799, the British forces had intercepted several letters which revealed Tipu Sultan's plans to attack them and the declared war in February 1799; the war was short lived and ended in May 1799.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cMHADwAAQBAJ&q=Siege+of+Srirangapatna+-+army+strength+of+the+British+and+Mysore+Kingdom+of+Tipu+Sultan|last=Simmons|first=Caleb|title=Devotional Sovereignty: Kingship and Religion in India |date=2 December 2019|page=12|publisher= Oxford University Press}}</ref><br />
<br />
During [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] Tipu Sultan had become militarily and politically weak and as a result he had built up an alliance with the French and planned invasion in [[Vellore]], [[Porto Novo]] and Mysore Kingdom. Knowing this situation, the then Governor-General of India, [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Richard Wellesley]], found it an appropriate time to attack Mysore and collected and substantial forces.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fs9vEAAAQBAJ&dq=The+Governor-General+of+India,+Richard+Wellesley,+planned+the+opening+of+a+breach+in+the+walls+of+Seringapatam&pg=PT145|last= Chowdhury |first= Moumita|title=Empire and Gunpowder Military Industrialisation and Ascendancy of the East India Company in India, 1757–1856|year=2022|page=145|isbn= 9781000603972|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 1799, an Army of [[East India Company]] (EIC) sepoys (native soldiers) and cavalry were assembled in [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]) under the British General Harris with an additional contingent from the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], and [[Marathas]], and they were ordered to invade Mysore Kingdom of Tipu Sultan. The British invading army included the Swiss Regiment of [[Charles-Daniel de Meuron|de Meuroan]] armed with cannons and was accompanied by his elephants, camels and other paraphernalia for food.<ref name=Windmer>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jt5GEAAAQBAJ&dq=Swiss++with+English+against+Tipu+sultan&pg=PA39|last=Windmer|first=Derrick|title=Incredible India |date=16 September 2021|page= 39|publisher=novum pro Verlag}}</ref><ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxsa3jtHoCEC&q=Battles+of+the+Honorourable+East+India+Company|last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=178–181}}</ref> The official version of casualties of the British as recorded on the Obelisk is 132 dead, 657 injured and 25 untraced.<ref name=Star/><br />
<br />
[[File:Tipu death.jpg|thumb|''[[The Last Effort and Fall of Tippoo Sultaun]]'' by [[Henry Singleton (painter)|Henry Singleton]]. The Fourth Mysore War or the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)]] when [[Tipu Sultan]] was killed on 4 May 1799|left]]<br />
At Srirangpatna (Seringapatam in British usage), Tipu Sultan and his army who were well ensconced within the fort, were besieged by the British forces on 5 April 1799. The [[Kaveri River|River Cauvery]], which flowed around the city of Seringapatam, was at its lowest level of the year and could be easily forded. After a series of war manoeuvers and fights over more than a month by both sides, the storming party of the British officers and soldiers finally, on 4 May 1799, crossed the river in four feet deep water, with covering fire from British batteries, and within 16 minutes had scaled the ramparts and swept aside the defenders quickly. The British follow-up columns turned right and left, sweeping along the inside of the walls until they met on the far side of the city. Copied content from [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)]]<ref name="Naravane"/> Swiss soldiers headed by de Meuroan strategically breached one of the corners of the defense walls. These brave soldiers were hailed in French poetic terms.<ref name="Windmer" /> Even at the beginning of the war, Tipu's forces were outnumbered by the British who were better equipped.<ref name="Naravane" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkbJ6xA1_jEC&q=the+siege+of+Srirangapatna|last=Hassan|first=Mohibbul|title=History of Tipu Sultan|year=2005|page=387|publisher=Aakar Books}}</ref><br />
<br />
Then, the column that rounded the northwest corner of the outer wall was immediately involved in a serious fight with a group of Mysorean warriors under a fat officer, which defended every traverse. The officer was observed to be discharging hunting weapons loaded and passed to him by servants. After the fall of the city, on 4 May 1799, in the gathering dusk, some of the British officers went to look for the body of Tipu Sultan. He was identified as the fat officer who had fired hunting weapons at the attackers, and his body was found in a choked tunnel-like passage near the Water Gate. Tipu had suffered three wounds including one on his temple and he died the same day on 4 May 1799. The war thus ended. The British, allied with the [[Portuguese Army|Portuguese]] of [[Goa]] and [[Daman, India|Daman]], Nizam Ali Khan, 2nd Nizam of Hyderabad, and Marathas, achieved a decisive victory against Tipu Sultan.<ref name="Naravane"/> Charles Daniel de Meuron who fought bravely with his soldiers at the crucial stage of the war was later elevated as a Major General and eventually as Lieutenant General of the British army, but he later returned to [[Switzerland]].<ref name="Windmer"/> General Harris and his soldiers who led the battle against Tipu Sultan were honoured in 1907, more than 100 years after the siege of Srirngapatna, with an Obelisk Monument by [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]] of the Wodeyar Kingdom of Mysore. The memorial was erected much after the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799; this was more to record gratitude by the [[Wadiyars]] for regaining their throne from the Sultans.<ref name="Sri" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2702566/obelisk-monument-srirangapatna-edward-prince-of-wales-royal-tournbspof-india-1921|title=Obelisk Monument, Srirangapatna: Edward, Prince of Wales. Royal Tour of India, 1921-1922|year=1922|publisher= The Royal Collection Trust}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
[[File:Forces Engaged in the Siege of Seringapatam (1799) Seringapatam.JPG|thumb|right|Front face of the square shaped structure fitted with a plaque giving details of the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)]]]]<br />
<br />
The Obelisk is located on an elevated land near the walls of the [[Srirangapatna Fort]] in Srirangapatna (also known during the [[British Raj]] as Seringapatam). It is set up at the centre of a spread-out concentric series of steps, on a high point at the northwestern corner on one end of the island on the [[Cauvery River]], near the more famous [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna|Ranganathaswamy temple]].<ref name=Star>{{Cite news|url=https://starofmysore.com/obelisk-a-forgotten-monument-at-srirangapatna/|last=Polash|first=Arup|title= Obelisk, a forgotten monument at Srirangapatna Obelisk, a forgotten monument at Srirangapatna|date=19 April 2019|publisher=[[Star of Mysore]]}}</ref><ref name="Mysore">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Obelisk |url=https://mysore.ind.in/obelisk |publisher=mysore.ind.in}}</ref><br />
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The obelisk structure is narrow with shining stone built over a series of steps in a spacious concentric circular surface as basement, at an elevated location close to the fort walls. The initial lower portion of the main structure above the basement is of square shape with plaques fixed on each of its four phases, followed by pyramidal or conical tall post founded over four cannons and tapering to a pinnacle fitted with a cannon ball; the plaques are inscribed with details of the siege of Srirangapatna during 4 April-5 May 1799.<ref name=Star/><ref name=Sri>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebbYJy6xH1gC&q=Obelisk+in+Srirangapatna |last1= Gayathri |first1=J.V.|last2= Ramakrishna|first2=K.R.|title=Srirangapatna|year=2006|page=23|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Museums & Heritage, [Government of Karnataka]}}</ref><br />
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On the front face of the Obelisk, the plaque gives a general description of the siege as: "This monument is erected by the Government of Mysore in 1907 in order to commemorate the Siege of Seringapatam by the British forces under Lieutenant General G. Harris and its final capture by assault on 5th May 1799, as also the names of those gallant officers who fell during the operations."<ref name=Star/><ref name=Sri/> However, it may be mentioned that in the war, the combined forces of the British East India Company and their allies who fought in the war were 50,000 soldiers in all, while the soldiers of the Kingdom of Mysore, ruled by Tipu Sultan, were 30,000.<ref name=Naravane/> It is also said that about 80 men of the Swiss ‘[[Regiment de Meuron|de Meuron Regiment]]’, who fell during the siege, and their family members are buried in the [[Garrison Cemetery, Seringapatam]].<ref name=Windmer/><ref name=Hindu-Garrision>{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=M T Shiva|title=There is life at the cemetery|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-districtplus/there-is-life-at-the-cemetery/article4489629.ece|access-date=3 February 2015|issue=Bangalore|work=The Hindu|date=9 March 2013}}</ref><br />
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The second plaque makes specific mention of the British casualties in the war with lists giving the number of soldiers and officers wounded, killed or missing for the siege (5 April to 4 May 1799). The final count of casualties inscribed on the plaque reports 192 dead, 657 injured and 25 not traced.<ref name=Star/><br />
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In the last two faces of the edifice, the plaques lists the rank, name and the regiment of the European officers who were martyred in the siege.<ref name=Star/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{coord|12|25|31.5|N|76|40|26.7|E|type:landmark|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1799 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Battles involving the Kingdom of Mysore|Seringapatam 1799]]<br />
[[Category:Srirangapatna]]<br />
[[Category:Sieges involving the Kingdom of Great Britain|Seringapatam 1799]]<br />
[[Category:Conflicts in 1799|Seringapatam]]<br />
[[Category:Obelisks]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Kerala&diff=4822862009 in Kerala2026-01-01T15:39:15Z<p>Samwaterman2016: Pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Year in Kerala}}<br />
<br />
Events in the year '''2009''' in '''Kerala'''.<br />
<br />
== Incumbents ==<br />
<br />
[[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] - [[R. S. Gavai]]<br />
<br />
[[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief minister of Kerala]] - [[V. S. Achuthanandan]]<br />
<br />
== Events ==<br />
<br />
* January 8 - [[Manmohan Singh]] inaugurates [[Indian Naval Academy]] at [[Ezhimala (hill, Kannur)|Ezhimala, Kannur.]]<br />
* March 16 - <br />
* April 16 - [[2009 Indian general election in Kerala]] held in [[Kerala]] as Phase 1 of [[2009 Indian general election]].<br />
* May 17 - [[2009 Beemapally police shooting]]<br />
* June 4 - [[Central University of Kerala]] established at [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod.]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nazeer |first=Mohamed |date=2019-02-28 |title=CUK on the path of development |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cuk-on-the-path-of-development/article26400745.ece |access-date=2026-01-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
* July 10 - A minor [[Pipe bomb]] blast occurred in [[Collectorate]] [[Ernakulam district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kochi blast was planned: Police |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2009/jul/11/kochi-blast-was-planned-police-67189.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
* July 12 - [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] expels senior leader [[V. S. Achuthanandan]] from its [[Politburo]] following stand against [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] on [[SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal|Lavalin Case]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=G. |date=2025-07-21 |title=V.S. Achuthanandan, former Kerala CM and icon of communist movement, passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vs-2-vs-achuthanandan-former-kerala-cm-and-icon-of-communist-movement-passes-away/article69744002.ece |access-date=2025-07-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
* August 21 - Paul M George of [[The Muthoot Group]] murdered by assailants following a road rage incident.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-05|title=Paul Muthoot murder case: Kerala HC sets aside life sentence of 8|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/paul-muthoot-murder-case-kerala-hc-sets-aside-life-sentence-of-8/story-s06PXUx9BZ57QH2ztTRVPP.html|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-05|title=8 accused in business scion Paul Muthoot's murder to walk free, acquitted of murder|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/8-accused-business-scion-paul-muthoot-s-murder-walk-free-acquitted-murder-108430|access-date=2022-01-28|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
* September 9 = [[Mathew T. Thomas]] , Transport minister resigns from [[Achuthanandan ministry]] following rift between [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD (S)]] and [[CPI(M)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-15 |title=First ‘clean’ resignation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2009/Mar/17/first-clean-resignation-33315.html |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
* September 22 - [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]] led faction from [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] joins [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] by leaving [[LDF (Kerala)|LDF]] following tensions after denying party the [[Kozhikode Lok Sabha constituency|Kozhikode seat]] and [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar|Kumar]] losing confidence of [[Pinarayi Vijayan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-16 |title=Congress-led UDF gets new ally in Kerala |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2009/Sep/22/congress-led-udf-gets-new-ally-in-kerala-88600.html |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
* September 23 - A gang of DHRM (Dalit Human Rights Movement) workers killed a senior citizen named Sivaprasad, who went for morning walk near [[Ayiroor, Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Mar 31, 2016 |title=7 DHRM workers found guilty in Sivaprasad murder case {{!}} Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/7-dhrm-workers-found-guilty-in-sivaprasad-murder-case/articleshow/51625282.cms |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> <br />
* September 30 - Nearly 45 tourists killed in [[2009 Thekkady boat disaster]] by drowning in the reservoir.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2009-09-30|title=32 tourists drown in Thekkady reservoir|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/32-tourists-drown-in-Thekkady-reservoir/article16884144.ece|access-date=2022-01-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
* November 8 - A non resident Keralite named Bhaskara Karanavar got killed in his home at [[Cheriyanad]] by [[Contract killing|Contract killers]] arranged by daughter in law.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-06-09 |title=Karanavar murder: all four accused convicted |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Karanavar-murder-all-four-accused-convicted/article16242143.ece |access-date=2025-02-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
* November 10 - [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] wins [[By-election]] held to three assembly seats namely Kannur, Alappuzha and Ernakulam.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mathew|first=Roy|date=2009-11-10|title=Congress-led UDF wins by-elections in Kerala|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Congress-led-UDF-wins-by-elections-in-Kerala/article16891296.ece|access-date=2022-01-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
* December 31 - A truck carrying [[Liquefied petroleum gas]] accident in [[Karunagappalli]] claims twelve lives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-01-12 |title=IOC to pay compensation to gas tanker accident victims |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/IOC-to-pay-compensation-to-gas-tanker-accident-victims/article16837257.ece |access-date=2023-12-31 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Deaths ==<br />
<br />
* February 1 - [[Syed Muhammedali Shihab Thangal]], 73, religious leader and politician.<br />
* August 6 - [[Murali (Malayalam actor)]], 55.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[History of Kerala]]<br />
* [[2009 in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Commons category-inline}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2000s in Kerala]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joachim_Alva&diff=456003Joachim Alva2025-12-09T17:13:22Z<p>Samwaterman2016: cleaned up article for clarity and cleaned formatting after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian lawyer, journalist, and politician}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=November 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Joachim Alva<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1907|1|21}}<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1979|6|28|1907|1|21}}<br />
| spouse = {{marriage |[[Violet Alva]]|1937|1969|end=died}}<br />
| image = JoachimAlva.jpg<br />
| caption = Joachim Alva, c. 1938<br />
| office = [[Sheriff of Bombay]]<br />
| term = 1949–1950<br />
| predecessor = [[Mahadeo Laxman Dahanukar]]<br />
| successor = [[Sir Fazal Ibrahim Rahimtoola]]<br />
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]<br />
| constituency1 = [[List of nominated members of Rajya Sabha|Nominated]]<br />
| termstart1 = 3 April 1968<br />
| termend1 = 2 April 1974<br />
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br />
| constituency2 = [[Kanara (Lok Sabha constituency)]]<br />
| term2 = 1952–1967<br />
| relations = [[Margaret Alva]] (Daughter-in-law)<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Joachim and Violet Alva 2008 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Joachim and Violet Alva on a 2008 stamp of India]]<br />
<br />
'''Joachim Ignatius Sebastian Alva''' (21 January 1907 – 28 June 1979) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician from [[Mangalore]].<ref name="mem">{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/a.pdf|title=Rajya Sabha Members Biographical Sketches 1952 – 2003 :A|publisher=Rajya Sabha website}}</ref> He was a prominent [[Mangalorean Christian]] figure involved in the [[Indian independence movement]].<br />
<br />
After Independence, Alva was appointed [[Sheriff of Bombay]] in 1949 for the [[Bombay state]]. In 1950, he entered the Provisional Parliament of India. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] in 1952, 1957, and 1962 from North [[Kanara]]. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1968 and retired from the Rajya Sabha in 1974.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
Joachim Alva belonged to the Alva-Bhat, a [[Mangalorean Catholic]] clan from [[Belle, Udupi|Belle]] in [[Udupi district]].<ref>{{Cite book<br />
|last=Lobo<br />
|first=Michael<br />
|authorlink=Michael Lobo<br />
|publisher=Camelot Publishers<br />
|title=Distinguished Mangalorean Catholics, 1800–2000: a historico-biographical survey of the Mangalorean Catholic community<br />
|year=2000<br />
|isbn=978-81-87609-01-8|page=111}}</ref> He was educated at the Jesuit [[St. Aloysius College, Mangalore]], [[Elphinstone College]], [[Government Law College, Mumbai]] and the Jesuit [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]].<br />
<br />
In 1928, Alva became the first Christian to be elected as Secretary of the fifty-year-old Bombay Students' Brotherhood. Along with [[Khurshed Nariman]], H.D. Raja, Yusuf Meherally and Soli Batliwala, he was a pioneer of the Bombay Youth League.<br />
<br />
In 1930, Alva founded the Nationalist Christian Party with the goal of drawing the Christian community into the freedom struggle. He borrowed and earned money to pay his way through college. He was expelled from [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]] for moving a resolution at the Catholic Students Union urging it to throw open its doors to non-Catholic students. In 1937, Alva presided over a large meeting of Christians at Bombay addressed by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. He was actively involved in organizing the "No-Tax" campaign at the [[Bardoli Satyagraha]], the boycotting of the [[Simon Commission]] and appointed President of the Bombay Congress "War Council".<br />
<br />
Imprisoned twice by British Indian authorities on charges of [[sedition]] for a total of three years, Alva was jail companion to [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], [[Jayaprakash Narayan]], [[Morarji Desai]] and [[J. C. Kumarappa]]. In 1934, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] wrote a letter to Alva to inform him that he had missed him at [[Yerwada Central Jail|Yerwada Jail]] because of his early release.<br />
<br />
In 1941, in Nasik prison, Alva wrote two books: ''Men and Supermen of Hindustan'' and ''Indian Christians and Nationalism.'' Although the manuscripts of both were confiscated by prison authorities, ''Men and Supermen of Hindustan'' was subsequently re-drafted and published in 1943.<br />
<br />
In 1937, Alva married [[Violet Alva|Violet Hari]], a Gujarati Protestant from [[Ahmedabad]] and professor of English at St. Xavier's Indian Women's University College. Violet would also go on to become active in national politics.<br />
<br />
On 9 August 1943, the first anniversary of Quit India Day, Joachim and Violet Alva founded and debuted ''FORUM'', a weekly news magazine which became known for its championing of the cause of independence.<br />
<br />
''FORUM'' blazed a trail in Indian journalism, marking the beginning of a trend of political weekly news magazines. Alva's office was often raided for seditious material. In spite of the sweeping powers of the British Raj, he penned a historic editorial "Halt This March To the Gallows". <br />
<br />
After Independence, Alva was appointed [[Sheriff of Mumbai|Sheriff of Bombay]] in 1949 and entered the Provisional Parliament of India in 1950. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from North Kanara in the first three General Elections in 1952, 1957 and 1962.<br />
<br />
An early advocate of planning, the public sector, nationalised banking and state control over major industries, he condemned France's napalm bombing of Indo-China and staunchly supported the Vietnamese cause. In 1962, Alva led on India's attempts for closer ties with China, meeting [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Zhou Enlai]] in Beijing.<br />
<br />
In 1952, Violet was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]] making her and Joachim the first couple to be elected to Parliament under adult franchise.<br />
<br />
The Government of India issued a stamp commemorating the couple in November 2008.<ref name=re>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/nov/20stamp-released-of-joachim-alva-and-violet.htm A stamp in memory of Joachim and Violet Alva] [[Rediff.com]], 20 November 2008.</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
<br />
Joachim and Violet Alva had two sons, Niranjan and Chittaranjan, and a daughter, Maya.<br />
<br />
The couple were close associates of [[Khin Kyi]], Burma's ambassador to India from 1960, widow of Burmese nationalist [[Aung San|General Aung San]].<br />
<br />
His son Niranjan is married to [[Margaret Alva]], née Margaret Nazareth who was served as former General Secretary of the [[All India Congress Committee]], former [[Governor of Uttarakhand]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Goa]].<ref name="pia">{{cite web|url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok13/biodata/13KN22.htm|title=Smt. Margaret Alva,: Bio-sketch|publisher=[[Parliament of India]] website}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Commons category|Joachim Alva}}<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alva, Joachim}}<br />
[[Category:1907 births]]<br />
[[Category:1979 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]<br />
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]<br />
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Sheriffs of Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]</div>Samwaterman2016https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nawabzada_Mazhar_Ali&diff=468548Nawabzada Mazhar Ali2025-11-22T00:44:04Z<p>Samwaterman2016: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Pakistani politician (1945–2025)}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Nawabzada Mazher Ali<br />
| honorific-suffix = <br />
| image = File:Nawabzada Mazhar Ali.jpeg<br />
| office = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]<br />
| term_start = 1 June 2013<br />
| term_end = 31 May 2018<br />
| constituency = [[Constituency NA-104|NA-104 (Gujrat-I)]]<br />
| nationality = Pakistani<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1945|11|1|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|11|16|1945|11|1|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Lahore]], Punjab, Pakistan<br />
| party = [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]<br />
| relatives = [[Nawabzada Gazanfar Ali Gul]] (brother)<br />
| native_name = {{nobold|{{nq|نوابزادہ مظہر علی}}}}<br />
| native_name_lang = ur<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nawabzada Mazher Ali Khan''' ({{Langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|نوابزادہ مظہر علی خان}}}}; 1 November 1945 – 16 November 2025) was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]], from June 2013 to May 2018.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
Ali was born on 1 November 1945,<ref name="pildat/dob">{{cite web|title=Detail Information|url=http://www.pildat.org/mna/rsDetail.asp?detid=104|website=www.pildat.org|publisher=PILDAT|accessdate=27 April 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419141812/http://www.pildat.org/mna/rsDetail.asp?detid=104|archivedate=19 April 2014}}</ref> and died on 16 November 2025, at the age of 80.<ref>[https://24newshd.tv/16-Nov-2025/former-mna-nawabzada-mazhar-ali-khan-passes-away-94 Former MNA Nawabzada Mazhar Ali Khan Passes Away at 94]</ref> He was [[Nawabzada Gazanfar Ali Gul]]'s brother.<ref>{{cite news|title=PPP loses more Gujrat 'electables': Three Nawabzadas fall for PML-N as Gull remains firm|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/751367|accessdate=5 April 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=23 September 2012|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406111431/https://www.dawn.com/news/751367|archivedate=6 April 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
Ali was elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] as a candidate of [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (PML-N) from [[Constituency NA-104|Constituency NA-104 (Gujrat-I)]] in the [[2013 Pakistani general election]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujrat: PPP seeks Bilawal's 'help' to check erosion|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1060857|accessdate=5 March 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=6 December 2013|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306132852/https://www.dawn.com/news/1060857|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dozens of turncoats make it to National Assembly|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/15-May-2013/dozens-of-turncoats-make-it-to-national-assembly|accessdate=5 March 2017|work=The Nation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306132202/http://nation.com.pk/national/15-May-2013/dozens-of-turncoats-make-it-to-national-assembly|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=PML-N lines up NA candidates in Punjab|url=http://nation.com.pk/elections-2013/20-Apr-2013/pml-n-lines-up-na-candidates-in-punjab|accessdate=5 March 2017|work=The Nation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306034027/http://nation.com.pk/elections-2013/20-Apr-2013/pml-n-lines-up-na-candidates-in-punjab|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Crushing defeats deal a severe blow to PPP|url=http://nation.com.pk/editors-picks/14-May-2013/crushing-defeats-deal-a-severe-blow-to-ppp|accessdate=5 March 2017|work=The Nation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306132928/http://nation.com.pk/editors-picks/14-May-2013/crushing-defeats-deal-a-severe-blow-to-ppp|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref> He received 85,113 votes and defeated [[Chaudhry Wajahat Hussain]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 election result|url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202013%20report/Election%20Report%202013%20Volume-II.pdf|publisher=ECP|accessdate=12 May 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201140612/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202013%20report/Election%20Report%202013%20Volume-II.pdf|archivedate=1 February 2018}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Mazhar}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:2025 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018]]<br />
[[Category:Muslim Gujjars]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs]]<br />
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{{MuslimN-MNA-stub}}</div>Samwaterman2016