https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Sameer481 2026-07-28T09:35:48Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maynaguri_Assembly_constituency&diff=517021 2026-05-08T16:39:34Z

<p>Sameer481: put up a post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Maynaguri<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Maynaguri.map}}<br /> | map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Maynaguri Assembly Constituency<br /> | map_alt = <br /> | state = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | district = [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]<br /> | constituency_no = 16<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | reservation = SC<br /> | abolished = <br /> | mla = [[Dalim Chandra Roy]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | electors = 264,265<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Maynaguri Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Jalpaiguri district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 16 Maynaguri Assembly constituency (SC) covers [[Mainaguri]] municipality and [[Maynaguri (Community development block)|Maynaguri]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]],&lt;ref name =delimitation&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 30 June 2014 | work = West Bengal| publisher = Election Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Maynaguri Assembly constituency is part of No. 3 [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).&lt;ref name =delimitation/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Name<br /> ! colspan=2| Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<br /> | Surendra Nath Roy<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | Jaineswar Roy<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | Kamini Mohan Roy<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Jaineswar Roy<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bangla Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bijoy Krishna Mohanta<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Tarak Bandhu Roy<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|rowspan=8}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | Nityananda Adhikari<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Bachchamohan Roy]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Ananta Deb Adhikari]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 elections in India#West Bengal|2014]]^<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | [[Kaushik Roy (politician)|Kaushik Roy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | [[Dalim Chandra Roy]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * ^ by-election<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> ===2026===<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Maynaguri}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Dalim Chandra Roy<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = 147403<br /> |percentage = 58.62<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Rammohan Roy<br /> |party = Trinamool Congress<br /> |votes = 90900<br /> |percentage = 36.15<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Sudeb Roy<br /> |party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) <br /> |votes = 2793<br /> |percentage = 1.11<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Jogen Sarkar<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 959<br /> |percentage = 0.38<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Priyanka Sarkar<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = 903<br /> |percentage = 0.36<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Suparna Sarkar<br /> |party = Amra Bangalee<br /> |votes = 259<br /> |percentage = 0.1<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |party = None of the above (India)<br /> |votes = 2130<br /> |percentage = 0.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 56503<br /> |percentage = 22.47<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 251447<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = BJP<br /> |loser = TMC<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2021===<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Maynaguri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Kaushik Roy<br /> |votes = 115,306<br /> |percentage = 48.84<br /> |change = +34.25<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = Manoj Roy<br /> |votes = 103,395<br /> |percentage = 43.79<br /> |change = -4.06<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)<br /> |candidate = Naresh Chandra Roy<br /> |votes = 5,760<br /> |percentage = 2.44<br /> |change = -28.85<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]]<br /> |votes = 3,095<br /> |percentage = 1.31<br /> |change = -0.76<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |party = [[Kamtapur People's Party|KPPU]]<br /> |candidate = Biswanath Roy<br /> |votes = 2,868<br /> |percentage = 1.21<br /> |change = -0.62<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = Uday Shankar Adhikari<br /> |votes = 1,555<br /> |percentage = 0.66<br /> |change = -0.15<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Ganesh Mandal<br /> |votes = 1,550<br /> |percentage = 0.66<br /> |change = -0.20<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Bilash Sarkar<br /> |votes = 1,079<br /> |percentage = 0.46<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Shyamal Roy<br /> |votes = 745<br /> |percentage = 0.32<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amra Bangalee<br /> |candidate = Binay Sarkar<br /> |votes = 740<br /> |percentage = 0.31<br /> |change = -0.39<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 236,093<br /> |percentage = 93.92<br /> |change = +4.88<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2016 Election===<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Maynaguri (SC) constituency}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Ananta Deb Adhikari]]<br /> |votes = 100,837<br /> |percentage = 47.85<br /> |change = -3.88<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)<br /> |candidate = Chaya Dey (Roy)<br /> |votes = 65,930<br /> |percentage = 31.29<br /> |change = -3.86<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Biswajit Roy<br /> |votes = 30,742<br /> |percentage = 14.59<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]]<br /> |votes = 4,368<br /> |percentage = 2.07<br /> |change = +0.46<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |party = [[Kamtapur People's Party|KPPU]]<br /> |candidate = Kausik Roy<br /> |votes = 3,856<br /> |percentage = 1.83<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Amit Kumar Sarkar<br /> |votes = 1,818<br /> |percentage = 0.86<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = Rupeswar Ray<br /> |votes = 1,701<br /> |percentage = 0.81<br /> |change = -0.28<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amra Bangalee<br /> |candidate = Binay Sarkar<br /> |votes = 1,476<br /> |percentage = 0.70<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 210,728<br /> |percentage = 89.04<br /> |change = -9.06<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2014 bye election===<br /> In the 2014 by election, [[Ananta Deb Adhikari]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress]] defeated Dinabandhu Roy (Palu) of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] by 31,790 votes.&lt;ref name=vidhansabha2014bye&gt;{{cite web | url = http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/statewiseS25.htm?st=S25 | title = General/Bye election to Vidhan Sabha Trends and Results 2014 | work = Constituency-wise results | publisher = Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014 | archive-date = 18 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140518215553/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/statewiseS25.htm?st=S25 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The former RSP MLA switched over to Trinamool Congress and had to face election again.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/former-left-front-mlas-turn-tmc-candidates/article5894399.ece |title =Former Left Front MLAs turn TMC candidates |publisher= The Hindu, 10 April 2014 | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title= 2014 West Bengal Legislative Assembly bye-election: Maynaguri (SC) constituency}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Ananta Deb Adhikari]]<br /> |votes = 99,185<br /> |percentage = 51.73<br /> |change = +12.36<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)<br /> |candidate = Dinabandhu Roy (Paltu)<br /> |votes = 67,395<br /> |percentage = 35.15<br /> |change = -13.56<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Animes Roy<br /> |votes = 10,938<br /> |percentage = 5.90<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Puranjan Sarker<br /> |votes = 8,488<br /> |percentage = 4.43<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]]<br /> |votes = 3,141<br /> |percentage = 1.61<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party<br /> |candidate = Mohit Kumar Roy<br /> |votes = 2,242<br /> |percentage = 1.17<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = Rupeswar Ray<br /> |votes = 2,082<br /> |percentage = 1.09<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Suresh Chandra Roy<br /> |votes = 1,406<br /> |percentage = 0.73<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 194,877<br /> |percentage = 98.10<br /> |change = +10.16<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |loser = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2011===<br /> In the 2011 elections, [[Ananta Deb Adhikari]] of RSP defeated his nearest rival Juthika Roy Basunia of Trinamool Congress.<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Maynaguri (SC) constituency&lt;ref name=vidhansabha2011&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&amp;cid=16| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529223923/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&amp;cid=16| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Maynaguri| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 1 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)<br /> |candidate = [[Ananta Deb Adhikari]]<br /> |votes = 84,887<br /> |percentage = 48.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = Juthika Roy Basunia<br /> |votes = 68,611<br /> |percentage = 39.37<br /> |change = #<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Bibhas Chandra Paul<br /> |votes = 6,309<br /> |percentage = 3.62<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Bharani Roy<br /> |votes = 5,100<br /> |percentage = 2.93<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Dinesh Sinha<br /> |votes = 4,892<br /> |percentage = 2.81<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = Haripada Ray Lashkar<br /> |votes = 2,259<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Santi Kumar Sarkar<br /> |votes = 2,218<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 174,276<br /> |percentage = 87.84<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> &lt;small&gt;# Trinamool Congress did not contest this seat in 2006.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1977-2006===<br /> In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]],&lt;ref name=vidhansabha2006&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2001&lt;ref name=vidhansabha2001&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 1996 state assembly elections,&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1996&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bachchamohan Roy of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] won the Maynaguri assembly seat (SC) defeating his nearest rivals Gokul Kumar Roy of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]], Purnaprabha Barman of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] and Manmatha Ray Basunia of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] respectively. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Nityananda Adhikary of RSP defeated Manamatha Ray Basunia of Congress in 1991.&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1991&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tarak Bandhu Roy of RSP defeated Manmatha Ray Basunia of Congress in 1987,&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1987&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mridulendra Deb Rakshit of [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|ICS]] in 1982&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1982&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Bhabendra Nath Roy Hakim of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1977&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp17.htm | title = 17 - Mainaguri (SC) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 29 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===1957–1972===<br /> Bijoy Krishna Mohanta of Congress won in 1972&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1972&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 1971.&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1971&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jajneswar Roy of Congress won in 1969&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1969&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 1967.&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1967&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamini Mohan Roy of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1962&gt;{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Janjneswar Roy of Congress won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1957&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]],&lt;ref name=vidhansabha1952&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Surendra Nath Roy of Congress won from Mainaguri. Jajneswar Roy and Mangaldas Bhagat, both of Congress, won from the Central Duars joint seat.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Jalpaiguri topics}}<br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br /> <br /> {{West Bengal elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Jalpaiguri district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roti_Kapda_Romance&diff=530936 2026-05-07T22:49:59Z

<p>Sameer481: New Post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film by Vikram Reddy}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Roti Kapda Romance.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Vikram Reddy<br /> | writer = Vikram Reddy<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | producer = {{plain list|<br /> * [[Bekkem Venugopal]]<br /> * Srujan Kumar Bojjam<br /> }}<br /> | starring = {{plain list|<br /> * Harsha Narra<br /> * Sandeep Saroj<br /> * Supraj Ranga<br /> * Tarun<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Santosh Reddy<br /> | editing = {{plain list|<br /> * Vikram Reddy<br /> * Santosh Reddy<br /> }}<br /> | music = '''Score'''&lt;br/&gt;[[Sunny M. R.]]&lt;br/&gt;'''Songs'''{{plain list|<br /> * [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]<br /> * RR Dhruvan<br /> * Vasanth G<br /> }}<br /> | studio = {{plain list|<br /> * Lucky Media<br /> * Meraki Films<br /> }}<br /> | released = {{Film date|2024|11|28|df=y|ref1=}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Roti Kapda Romance''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by Vikram Reddy, and produced by [[Bekkem Venugopal]] and Srujan Kumar Bojjam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-11-28 |title='Roti Kapda Romance' will be medicine for broken-hearted lovers, says director Vikram Reddy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2024/Nov/28/roti-kapda-romance-will-be-medicine-for-broken-hearted-lovers-says-director-vikram-reddy |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film features an [[ensemble cast]] of Harsha Narra, Sandeep Saroj, Supraj Ranga, Tarun, Sonu Thakur, Nuveksha, Megha Lekha, Khushboo Chaudhary.<br /> <br /> The film was released on 28 November 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2024-11-27 |title=Vikram Reddy: మూవీ బాగోలేదని ఒక్కరు అన్నా.. సినిమాలకు రిటైర్‌మెంట్‌ ఇస్తా: డైరెక్టర్ విక్రమ్‌ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/news/director-vikram-reddy-sensational-comments-on-roti-kapada-romance-movie-717587.html |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{No plot|date=November 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * Harsha Narra as Harsha<br /> * Sandeep Saroj as Rahul<br /> * Supraj Ranga as Vicky<br /> * Tarun Ponuganti as Surya<br /> * Sonu Thakur as Priya<br /> * Nuveksha as Divya<br /> * Megha Lekha as Swetha<br /> * Khushboo Chaudhary as Sonia<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> The soundtrack is composed by [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]], RR Dhruvan and Vasanth G, whereas the background score is composed by [[Sunny M. R.]]. The audio rights were acquired by [[Saregama]].<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track list<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Galeez<br /> | length1 = 4:02<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Krishna Kanth]]<br /> | music1 = [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]], [[P V N S Rohit]]<br /> | title2 = Oh My Friend<br /> | length2 = 3:15<br /> | lyrics2 = Krishna Kanth<br /> | music2 = Harshavardhan Rameshwar<br /> | extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]<br /> | title3 = Arere Arere<br /> | length3 = 3:02<br /> | lyrics3 = Raghuram<br /> | music3 = RR Dhruvan<br /> | extra3 = [[Kapil Kapilan]]<br /> | title4 = Vaddu Ra<br /> | length4 = 4:02<br /> | lyrics4 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]<br /> | music4 = Vasanth G<br /> | extra4 = Yashwanth Nag, Vasanth G<br /> | title5 = Arere Arere (Sad)<br /> | length5 = 1:46<br /> | lyrics5 = Raghuram<br /> | music5 = RR Dhruvan<br /> | extra5 = [[Sreerama Chandra]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''Roti Kapda Romance'' was initially scheduled to be released on 22 March 2024,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-02-26 |title=Roti Kapda Romance pre-trailer to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Feb/26/roti-kapda-romancepre-trailer-to-be-out-on-this-date-52398.html |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; but later had several release date announcements {{Ndash}} April 2024,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-26 |title=Release date postponed for Roti Kapda Romance |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/26/release-date-postponed-for-roti-kapda-romance |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=27 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927173902/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/26/release-date-postponed-for-roti-kapda-romance |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 2 August 2024,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-16 |title=Mass Ka Das Vishwak Sen Unveils Galeez Song From Roti Kapda Romance; Film To Release On August 2 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/mass-ka-das-vishwak-sen-unveils-galeez-song-from-roti-kapda-romance-film-to-release-on-august-2-article-111779340 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720205222/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/mass-ka-das-vishwak-sen-unveils-galeez-song-from-roti-kapda-romance-film-to-release-on-august-2-article-111779340 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 4 October 2024,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-11-28 |title=Cyclone alert pushes Siddharth's 'Miss You' release date |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/cyclone-alert-pushes-siddharths-miss-you-release-date-925419 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 25 October 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-10-07 |title='Vaddu Ra' from Roti Kapda Romance is a fun-filled number about complications of love |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Oct/07/vaddu-ra-from-roti-kapda-romance-is-a-fun-filled-number-about-complications-of-love |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was then announced to be releasing on 22 November 2024,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Devulapally |first=Aditya |date=2024-10-30 |title=Roti Kapda Romance trailer: Four youngsters, four romances set in urban Hyderabad |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Oct/30/roti-kapda-romance-trailer-four-youngsters-four-romances-set-in-urban-hyderabad |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; but was finally released on 28 November 2024.{{Citation needed|date=May 2026}} <br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Sekhar Kusuma of ''[[Samayam Telugu]]'' gave a rating of 3 out of 5.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='రోటి కపడా రొమాన్స్' మూవీ రివ్యూ - Roti Kapda Romance Review |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/roti-kapda-romance-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/115753687.cms |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Hindustan Times Telugu]]'' also gave the same rating.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Nelki Naresh |title=Roti Kapda Romance Review: రోటి క‌ప్‌డా రొమాన్స్ రివ్యూ - యూత్‌ఫుల్ రొమాంటిక్‌ మూవీ ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/roti-kapda-romance-movie-review-latest-telugu-youthful-romantic-movie-plus-and-minus-points-121732774490905.html |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|30007748}}<br /> [[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 romantic comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about friendship]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Goa]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]<br /> [[Category:Films about travel]]<br /> [[Category:Indian road comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama road movies]]<br /> [[Category:Indian road movies]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Career_of_Virat_Kohli&diff=492884 2026-05-06T20:41:41Z

<p>Sameer481: made a data...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian cricketer career}}<br /> {{very long|date=March 2024}}<br /> [[Virat Kohli]]'s career began when he made his debut in [[List A]] cricket, playing against [[Services cricket team|Services]] in the [[Ranji One-day Trophy|Ranji One-Day Trophy]], but he did not have the opportunity to bat during the match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Delhi v Services in 2030/1234 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/84/84988.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200130/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/84/84988.html |archive-date=2 June 2014 |access-date= |publisher=CricketArchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the international stage, he has been representing India since he was included in the ODl squad for the [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2008|tour of Sri Lanka]]. Kohli was part of the team during India won the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]], the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy]], the [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2024 ICC Men's T20 world Cup]] and [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy]] alongside several [[Asia Cup]]s. He had previously led his side to the [[2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]] title. In league cricket, Kohli has played for the [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] since the inception of the team in 2008 and was part of the team that won the [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025 season]].<br /> <br /> == International career ==<br /> <br /> === 2008–2009: Debut and maiden stint ===<br /> In August 2008, Kohli was included in the ODl squad for the [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2008|tour of Sri Lanka]] and the [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]] in Pakistan. Prior to the Sri Lankan tour, Kohli had limited experience, with only eight [[List A]] matches under his belt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List A Matches played by Virat Kohli |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/101/101095/List_A_Matches.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203152149/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/101/101095/List_A_Matches.html |archive-date=3 February 2015 |access-date=3 February 2015 |publisher=CricketArchive}}&lt;/ref&gt; So, his selection was considered a &quot;surprise call-up&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 August 2008 |title=Kohli gets surprise call-up |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-gets-surprise-call-up-363942 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023120420/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/363942.html |archive-date=23 October 2017 |access-date=3 February 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the Sri Lankan tour, as both first-choice openers [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and [[Virender Sehwag]], were unable to play due to injury, Kohli was required to fill the role of makeshift opener throughout the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=From ODI debut in 2008 to being No. 1 batsman: Virat Kohli completes 12 years in int'l cricket |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/bcci-shares-captain-virat-kohlis-nostalgic-moments-see-pic-4802668/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930052033/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/bcci-shares-captain-virat-kohlis-nostalgic-moments-see-pic-4802668/ |archive-date=30 September 2021 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; On August 18, 2008, Kohli made his international debut at the age of 19 in the first ODI of the tour, where he was dismissed for 12 runs, caught dead in front by an incutter from [[Nuwan Kulasekara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Rupink |date=21 May 2021 |title=Watch: Virat Kohli opens the batting on his ODI debut |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/watch-virat-kohli-opens-the-batting-on-his-odi-debut-for-india |access-date=23 March 2025 |website=[[Wisden]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the fourth match of the series, Kohli scored his maiden half century in the ODl format, with a total of fifty-four runs scored.&lt;ref name=&quot;odiinnlist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistics / Statsguru / V Kohli / One-Day Internationals |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/253802.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422065347/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/253802.html?class=2;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |archive-date=22 April 2016 |access-date=8 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Following the postponement of the Champions Trophy to 2009, Kohli was picked as a replacement for the injured [[Shikhar Dhawan]] in the [[India A]] squad for the unofficial Tests against [[Australia A cricket team|Australia A]] in September 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 August 2008 |title=Kohli replaces Dhawan in India A squad |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/366757.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326182423/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/366757.html |archive-date=26 March 2015 |access-date=7 February 2015 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite limited opportunities, he managed to make an impact in the single innings that he participated in, scoring 49 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1st unofficial Test: India A v Australia A at Bangalore, 3–5 Sep 2008 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/365646.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326182419/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/match/365646.html |archive-date=26 March 2015 |access-date=7 February 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 2008, Kohli participated in a four-day tour match against Australia as part of the [[Board President's XI (India)|Indian Board President's XI team]]. The match featured a formidable Australian bowling line-up that consisted of [[Brett Lee]], [[Stuart Clark]], [[Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)|Mitchell Johnson]], [[Peter Siddle]] and [[Jason Krejza]]. Despite this, Kohli displayed his batting prowess by scoring 105 runs in the first innings and an unbeaten 16 runs in the second innings, demonstrating his ability to perform against high-level international competition.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tour Match: Indian Board President's XI v Australians at Hyderabad (Deccan), 2–5 Oct 2008 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indvaus2008/engine/match/345668.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129193725/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indvaus2008/engine/match/345668.html |archive-date=29 January 2015 |access-date=9 February 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 2008, Kohli was selected for inclusion in the squad for the [[English cricket team in India in 2008–09#ODI series|home ODI series against England]]. However, he was not given an opportunity to play in any of the matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=England in India / India ODI Squad – first three matches |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/377066.html |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207215855/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/377066.html |archivedate=7 February 2016 |access-date=23 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In December 2008, Kohli was awarded a Grade D contract by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) as part of the annual contract list for the Indian national team which entitled him to receive {{INRConvert|1.5|m|year=2008}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 December 2008 |title=Ishant, Rohit and Badrinath benefit from new contracts |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ishant-rohit-and-badrinath-benefit-from-new-contracts-382299 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183837/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/382299.html |archive-date=26 March 2015 |access-date=9 February 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite being awarded a contract, in January, Kohli was dropped for the [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2008–09|five-match ODl series against Sri Lanka]] in Sri Lanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Feb 2009 |title=India ODI Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-sri-lanka-2008-09-386281/india-odi-squad-386778/series-squads |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126165214/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-sri-lanka-2008-09-386281/india-odi-squad-386778/series-squads |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=26 Jan 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July–August 2009, Kohli was selected in the four-team Emerging Players Tournament, held in Australia. He was selected to open the innings for the Indian Emerging Players team in the tournament, and he went on to have a standout performance. Kohli finished as the tournament's leading run-scorer, with a total of 398 runs from seven matches, at an average of 66.33. He was particularly impressive in the final match, where he scored 104 runs off 102 balls against the South Africa Emerging Players team in [[Brisbane]]. His strong performance helped lead his team to a 17-run victory and the tournament title.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emerging Players Tournament, 2009 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5116;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023121623/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5116;type=tournament |archive-date=23 October 2017 |access-date=13 March 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 Aug 2009 |title=Kohli guides India to Emerging Players Tournament title |work=[[The Times Of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/kohli-guides-india-to-emerging-players-tournament-title/articleshow/4845589.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930055148/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/new-zealand-in-india-2016/top-stories/kohli-guides-india-to-emerging-players-tournament-title/articleshow/4845589.cms |archive-date=30 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the conclusion of the tournament, [[Kris Srikkanth]], the chairman of the [[India national cricket team selectors|Indian national selection committee]], expressed his admiration for Kohli's performance during the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 August 2009 |title=Srikkanth pleased with depth in Indian cricket |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/srikkanth-pleased-with-depth-in-indian-cricket-417786 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160537/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/417786.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=13 March 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli later stated that this tournament was a &quot;turning point&quot; in his career.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Amrit |date=21 Sep 2021 |title=King Kohli to commoner, the turning point for Virat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/king-kohli-to-commoner-the-turning-point-for-virat-101632233392395.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126165214/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/king-kohli-to-commoner-the-turning-point-for-virat-101632233392395.html |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=26 January 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2009, Kohli returned to the national team after recovering from a minor shoulder injury, replacing the injured [[Gautam Gambhir]] in the Indian squad for the [[Tri-Series in Sri Lanka in 2009|tri-series in Sri Lanka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 September 2009 |title=Kohli to replace injured Gambhir in tri-series |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-to-replace-injured-gambhir-in-tri-series-424397 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160541/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/424397.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=29 September 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also utilized as a middle order batsman in the [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy]] due to an injury sustained by [[Yuvraj Singh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 June 2019 |title=When Virat Kohli thought he was finished after 2009 Champions Trophy match vs Pakistan |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket-world-cup-2019/story/virat-kohli-most-tense-moment-india-vs-pakistan-2009-champions-trophy-1549624-2019-06-15 |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930053950/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket-world-cup-2019/story/virat-kohli-most-tense-moment-india-vs-pakistan-2009-champions-trophy-1549624-2019-06-15 |archive-date=30 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In December of that year, he was included in the team for [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2009–10|home ODI series against Sri Lanka]] and scored 27 and 54 in the first two ODIs before making way for Yuvraj, who regained fitness for the third ODI.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of India vs Sri Lanka 1st ODI 2009/10 – Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2009-10-428635/india-vs-sri-lanka-1st-odi-430886/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813060051/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-india-2009-10-428635/india-vs-sri-lanka-1st-odi-430886/full-scorecard |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=30 September 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, due to the reoccurrence of a finger injury, Yuvraj was ruled out indefinitely, which led to Kohli's return to the team in the fourth ODI at [[Kolkata]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 December 2009 |title=Yuvraj Singh ruled out of series |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/yuvraj-singh-ruled-out-of-series-440728 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929191929/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/yuvraj-singh-ruled-out-of-series-440728 |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=29 September 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In that match, Kohli scored his maiden ODI century–107 off 114 balls–while sharing a 224-run partnership for the third wicket with Gambhir. As a result of this performance, India won by seven wickets and sealed the series 3–1.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Gautam Gambhir &amp; Virat Kohli's centuries seal India win |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/8430324.stm |url-status=live |access-date=1 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524064319/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/8430324.stm |archive-date=24 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|In recognition of this achievement, [[Gautam Gambhir]], who scored 150 not out in the match and received the player of the match award, graciously passed on the award to Kohli.|group=|name=}}<br /> <br /> === 2010–2011: Rise through the ranks ===<br /> In January 2010, Kohli was given the opportunity in [[Tri-Series in Bangladesh in 2009–10|tri-nation ODI tournament in Bangladesh]], as Tendulkar was rested for the event.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2009 |title=Tendulkar opts out of Bangladesh tri-series |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/tendulkar-opts-out-of-bangladesh-tri-series-441139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929194834/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/tendulkar-opts-out-of-bangladesh-tri-series-441139 |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=29 September 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the series, Kohli became just the third Indian player to score two ODI centuries before the age of 22.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Premachandran |first=Dileep |date=11 January 2010 |title=Kohli cracks unbeaten ton as India ease home |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/tri-nation-tournament-in-bangladesh-2009-10-434245/bangladesh-vs-india-6th-match-434263/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160549/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/443456.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=18 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was widely hailed for his performances, and ultimately emerged as the leading run-scorer of the series, with 275 runs from five innings at an impressive average of 91.66.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tri-Nation Tournament in Bangladesh, 2009/10 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5598;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122191849/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5598;type=tournament |archive-date=22 November 2016 |access-date=18 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; After the match, the Indian captain [[MS Dhoni]] stated about Kohli that &quot;he has grabbed his chances&quot; and that &quot;he has matured now.&quot; Dhoni went on to say that &quot;To us, he comes as a 'humble guy'. He might come across different to the world.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=7 January 2010 |title=Kohli comes of age |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virat-kohli-comes-of-age-443003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160547/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/443003.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=18 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Virat Kohli Batting.jpg|235x235px|thumb|Kohli batting in an ODI against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] in December 2010]] Kohli's initial foray into leadership on an international level occurred in May–June 2010, when he was appointed as vice-captain for the [[2010 Zimbabwe Tri-Nation Series|tri-series against Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe]] in [[Zimbabwe]]. This appointment came as many established players were rested for the tour. However, in the first match, Kohli was dismissed for a [[Duck (cricket)|duck]], without facing a single delivery, a rare and unusual mode of dismissal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2010 |title=RESULT 1st Match, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Triangular Series |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/zimbabwe-triangular-series-2010-452140/zimbabwe-vs-india-1st-match-452146/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127141133/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/zimbabwe-triangular-series-2010-452140/zimbabwe-vs-india-1st-match-452146/full-scorecard |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite this early setback, Kohli managed to become the fastest Indian batsman at the time to reach 1,000 runs in ODI cricket, achieving this milestone in 24 innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chhabria |first=Vinay |date=18 Jan 2023 |title=5 fastest Indian cricketers to score 1000 runs in ODI cricket |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-fastest-indian-cricketers-score-1000-runs-odi-cricket |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127135632/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/5-fastest-indian-cricketers-score-1000-runs-odi-cricket |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 Jan 2023 |website=sportskeeda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli also made his [[Twenty20 International|International T20]] debut against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] at [[Harare]], where he scored an unbeaten 26.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 Jun 2022 |title=On this day in 2010, Virat made his T20I debut against Zimbabwe |url=https://www.dtnext.in/sports/2022/06/12/on-this-day-in-2010-virat-kohli-made-his-t20i-debut-against-zimbabwe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127135632/https://www.dtnext.in/sports/2022/06/12/on-this-day-in-2010-virat-kohli-made-his-t20i-debut-against-zimbabwe |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 Jan 2023 |website=[[DT Next]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later that month, during the [[2010 Asia Cup]], Kohli was included in the Indian team and was given the role of batting at number 3. However, his struggles with form started as he scored a total of 67 runs at an average of 16.75.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Asia Cup, 2010 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5477;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917135628/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5477;type=tournament |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=20 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; This poor form was also reflected in the [[Sri Lanka Triangular Series in 2010|tri-series against Sri Lanka and New Zealand]] in [[Sri Lanka]] where his average was a mere 15.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka Triangular Series, 2010 Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5859&amp;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031221636/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/sri-lanka-triangular-series-2010-5859 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Despite his recent struggles with form, Kohli was retained in the Indian ODI squad for a [[Australian cricket team in India in 2010–11#ODI series|three-match series]] against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] in October. In the only completed match of the series, held at [[Visakhapatnam]], Kohli scored a century, earning him the man of the match award. He candidly acknowledged that he was under significant pressure to maintain his place in the team, given his previous failures in the preceding series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 October 2010 |title=Kohli felt under pressure to keep his place |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-v-australia-2nd-odi-visakhapatnam-virat-kohli-felt-under-pressure-to-keep-his-odi-place-482917 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160407/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/482917.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=20 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the home [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2010–11|ODI series against New Zealand]], Kohli scored another match-winning century in the first match, marking his fourth ODI hundred and second in succession.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 Nov 2010 |title=Kohli continues batting consistently |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-continues-batting-consistently-489504 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127141135/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-continues-batting-consistently-489504 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Indian team emerged victorious with a 5–0 [[Whitewash (sport)#Cricket|whitewash]] over [[New Zealand]], and Kohli's exceptional performances in the series solidified his position in the ODI team and made him a strong candidate for a spot in India's World Cup squad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 December 2010 |title=Kohli brings versatility to India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/harsha-bhogle-kohli-brings-versatility-to-india-490146 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602065143/http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/490146.html |archive-date=2 June 2015 |access-date=20 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 December 2010 |title=Kohli and his ODI exploits |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-numbers-game-kohli-and-his-odi-exploits-492907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602065153/http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/492907.html |archive-date=2 June 2015 |access-date=20 April 2015 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was India's leading run-scorer in ODIs in 2010, accumulating 995 runs from 25 matches at an average of 47.38, including three centuries and seven half-centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2010 – India Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2&amp;id=2010&amp;team=6&amp;type=year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728165626/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=2010;team=6;type=year |archive-date=28 July 2013 |access-date=30 September 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quote box<br /> | quote=&quot;He is a very physical type of player. He likes to impose himself on the game, backs it up with his skill.&quot;<br /> | author = Team India's coach [[Dav Whatmore]] at the 2008 Under-19 World Cup on Kohli<br /> | source = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emerging into his own |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/emerging-into-his-own-364033 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203134621/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/emerging-into-his-own-364033 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | align = left<br /> | width = 25%<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Kohli was India's leading run scorer in the five-match ODI series of the [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2010–11|South African tour]] in January 2011, with 193 runs including two fifties, both in Indian defeats.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / India in South Africa ODI Series, 2010/11 / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5927;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917000627/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=5927;type=series |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=22 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the series, he jumped to number two spot on the [[ICC Men's Player Rankings|ICC Rankings]] for Men's ODI batters,&lt;ref name=&quot;kohliraina&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Siddarth |date=16 February 2011 |title=Dhoni hints Kohli will play instead of Raina |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-v-new-zealand-world-cup-2011-warm-up-ms-dhoni-hints-virat-kohli-will-play-501317 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320082040/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/story/501317.html |archive-date=20 March 2015 |access-date=22 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was named in India's 15-man [[2011 Cricket World Cup squads#India|squad for the World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 January 2011 |title=No Rohit Sharma in World Cup squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-world-cup-2011-no-rohit-sharma-in-world-cup-squad-497102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414050852/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/story/497102.html |archive-date=14 April 2015 |access-date=22 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli played every match of India's successful World Cup campaign. He scored an unbeaten 100 in the first match against Bangladesh and became the first Indian batsman to score a century on World Cup debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2011 |title=Kohli first Indian to hit century on World Cup debut |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/139360/kohli-first-indian-hit-century.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081838/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/139360/kohli-first-indian-hit-century.html |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2015 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[2011 Cricket World Cup Final|final]] against Sri Lanka at Mumbai, he scored 35, sharing an 83 runs partnership with Gambhir for the third wicket after India had lost both openers within seven overs while chasing 275.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ICC Cricket World Cup, Final: India v Sri Lanka at Mumbai, 2 Apr 2011 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306085934/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/engine/match/433606.html |archive-date=6 March 2015 |access-date=23 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gollapudi |first=Nagraj |date=2 September 2011 |title=Kohli's learning curve |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-v-india-kohli-s-learning-curve-530962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160433/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/530962.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:India Vs New zealand One day International, 10 December 2010 (6159922053) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Kohli fielding during a match in December 2010]]<br /> <br /> ==== Breakthrough in Test cricket ====<br /> When [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 2011|India toured the West Indies]] in June–July 2011, they selected a largely inexperienced squad, resting Tendulkar while others such as Gambhir and Sehwag missed out due to injuries. Kohli was one of three uncapped players in the Test squad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 2011 |title=Tendulkar, Yuvraj, Gambhir out of entire WI tour |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-in-west-indies-2011-tendulkar-yuvraj-gambhir-out-of-entire-wi-tour-516872 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160424/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/516872.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=25 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli made his Test debut at [[Sabina Park|Kingston]] in the first match of the Test series that followed. He batted at 5th position and was dismissed on scores of 4 and 15, caught behind off the bowling of [[Fidel Edwards]] in both innings.&lt;ref name=&quot;testinnlist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistics / Statsguru / V Kohli / Test matches |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/253802.html?class=1;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025051803/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/253802.html?class=1;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |archive-date=25 October 2016 |access-date=24 August 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India went on to win the Test series 1–0 but Kohli amassed just 76 runs from five innings,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / India in West Indies Test Series, 2011 / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6340;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702001044/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6340;type=series |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=25 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; struggling against the short ball.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=11 July 2011 |title=Opportunity lost for India in hard-fought series win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-in-west-indies-2011-opportunity-lost-for-india-in-hard-fought-series-win-522704 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160429/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/522704.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=25 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He got dropped from the Test squad for India's [[Indian cricket team in England in 2011|four-match series in England]] in July and August due to poor performance in his debut series. However, Kohli was recalled as a replacement for the injured [[Yuvraj Singh|Yuvraj]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 August 2011 |title=Injured Yuvraj and Harbhajan out of Test series |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-in-england-2011-injured-yuvraj-and-harbhajan-out-of-test-series-525791 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160334/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/525791.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; though he did not get to play in any match of that series. He found moderate success in the subsequent ODI series in which he averaged 38.80.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / NatWest Series [India in England], 2011 / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6114;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917000713/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6114;type=series |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; His score of 55 in the first ODI at [[Riverside Ground|Chester-le-Street]] was followed by a string of low scores in the next three matches.&lt;ref name=&quot;odiinnlist&quot; /&gt; In the last game of the series at [[Sophia Gardens (cricket ground)|Cardiff]], Kohli scored his sixth ODI hundred–107 runs off 93 balls–and shared 170 runs partnership with [[Rahul Dravid]] for the third wicket,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cricket Stats – India vs England, India tour of England, 5th ODI Cricket Insights |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-2011-474450/england-vs-india-5th-odi-474481/match-statistics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001143833/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-2011-474450/england-vs-india-5th-odi-474481/match-statistics |archive-date=1 October 2021 |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; who was playing his last ODI match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Andrew |date=16 September 2011 |title=Bairstow blasts England home on debut |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-2011-474450/england-vs-india-5th-odi-474481/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160410/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/532607.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli was dismissed [[hit wicket]] in that innings .It was the only century in the series by any player of either team and earned him praise for his &quot;hard work&quot; and &quot;maturity&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 September 2011 |title=Never seen so many injuries |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-v-india-5th-odi-cardiff-jonny-bairstow-a-fine-find-says-alastair-cook-532704 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160416/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/532704.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2011, Kohli was the leading run scorer of the [[English cricket team in India in 2011–12|five-match home ODI series]] against England which India won 5–0. He scored a total of 270 runs across five matches at an average of 90. This included unbeaten knock of 112 from 98 balls at [[Feroz Shah Kotla|Delhi]], where he put on an unbroken 209 run partnership with Gambhir;&lt;ref name=&quot;mom6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 Oct 2011 |title=England tour of India, 2nd ODI: India v England at Delhi |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/521219.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119121133/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/521219.html |archive-date=19 November 2013 |access-date=28 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by innings of 86 at [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]], both the knocks came in successful run chases.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=England in India ODI Series, 2011/12 Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6683&amp;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031221639/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/england-in-india-odi-series-2011-12-6683 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Owing to his ODI success, Kohli was included in the Test squad to [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2011–12|face the West Indies]] in November. He was selected in the final match of the series at Mumbai in which he scored a pair of fifties.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S |first=Aga |date=25 November 2011 |title=Mental toughness guides Virat Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-v-west-indies-3rd-test-mumbai-mental-toughness-guides-virat-kohli-542088 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160358/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/542088.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=28 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India won the subsequent ODI series 4–1 in which Kohli managed to accumulate 243 runs at 60.75.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / West Indies in India ODI Series, 2011/12 / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6938;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704124133/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6938%3Btype%3Dseries |archive-date=4 July 2015 |access-date=28 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the series, Kohli scored his eighth ODI century and his second at [[Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy International Cricket Stadium|Visakhapatnam]], where he made 117 off 123 balls in India's run chase of 270.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Indies tour of India, 2nd ODI: India v West Indies at Visakhapatnam, 2 Dec 2011 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/536930.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116002025/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/536930.html |archive-date=16 November 2013 |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; A knock which raised his reputation as &quot;an expert of the chase&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Binoy |first=George |date=2 December 2011 |title=Kohli and Rohit overpower West Indies |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2011-12-535995/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-odi-536930/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160311/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/543325.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=28 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli ended up as the leading run-getter in ODIs for the year 2011, with 1381 runs from 34 matches at 47.62 including four centuries and eight fifties.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / 2011 / One-Day Internationals / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=2011;type=year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917000448/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=2011;type=year |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=29 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2011–12|tour of Australia]] in December 2011, Kohli failed to go past 25 in the first two Tests, as his defensive technique was exposed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bal |first=Sambit |date=29 December 2011 |title=India's batting woes abroad continue |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australia-v-india-1st-test-india-s-batting-woes-abroad-continue-547340 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160314/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/547340.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=29 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; While fielding on the boundary during the second day of the second match at [[Sydney Cricket Ground|Sydney]], he gestured to the crowd with his [[the finger|middle finger]] for which he was fined 50% of his match fee by the [[match referee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Will |date=5 Jan 2012 |title=India's Kohli Fined for Misconduct in Sydney Test |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-IRTB-13981 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162651/https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-IRTB-13981 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He top scored in each of India's innings in the third Test at [[WACA Ground|Perth]] with scores of 44 and 75, even as India got their second consecutive innings defeat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brettig |first=Daniel |date=15 January 2012 |title=Australia demolish India by an innings to go up 3–0 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-australia-2011-12-518944/australia-vs-india-3rd-test-518952/match-report-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160351/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/549518.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=29 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 December 2011 |title=Full Scorecard of India vs Australia 3rd Test 2011/12 – Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-australia-2011-12-518944/australia-vs-india-3rd-test-518952/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126025921/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-australia-2011-12-518944/australia-vs-india-3rd-test-518952/full-scorecard |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date=2 October 2011 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the fourth and final match at [[Adelaide Oval|Adelaide]], Kohli scored his maiden Test century, 116 runs in the first innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=26 January 2012 |title=Kohli pleased to perform despite verbal battle |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australia-v-india-4th-test-adelaide-kohli-pleased-to-perform-despite-verbal-battle-551028 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160347/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/551028.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=29 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India suffered a 0–4 whitewash and Kohli, India's top run-scorer in the series was described as &quot;the lone bright spot in an otherwise nightmare visit for the tourists&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goraya |first=Raman |date=26 January 2012 |title=Kohli stands tall on Australia's day |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-26/kohli-stands-tall-on-australia27s-day/3795350 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518212750/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-26/kohli-stands-tall-on-australia27s-day/3795350 |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=29 April 2015 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2012–2013: ODI ascendancy and ascension to vice-captaincy ===<br /> In the first seven matches of the [[2011–12 Commonwealth Bank Series|Commonwealth Bank triangular series]] that India played against hosts Australia and Sri Lanka, Kohli made two fifties–77 at Perth and 66 at Brisbane, both against Sri Lanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;odiinnlist&quot; /&gt; Being set a target of 321 by Sri Lanka, Kohli came to the crease with India's score at 86/2 and went on to score 133 not out from 86 balls to take India to a comfortable win with 13 overs to spare.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 Feb 2012 |title=Commonwealth Bank Series, 11th Match: India v Sri Lanka at Hobart |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/518966.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119114012/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/518966.html |archive-date=19 November 2013 |access-date=29 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India earned a bonus point with the win and Kohli was named Man of the Match for his knock.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Talya |first=Siddhartha |date=28 February 2012 |title=Dazzling Kohli ton keeps India alive |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-bank-series-2011-12-518940/india-vs-sri-lanka-11th-match-518966/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160354/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/555498.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=29 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Former Australian cricketer and commentator [[Dean Jones (cricketer)|Dean Jones]] rated Kohli's innings as &quot;one of the greatest ODI knocks of all time&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 March 2012 |title=Kohli earns Jones' praise |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120303/jsp/sports/story_15207013.jsp#.VUfnnPApp-J |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303055535/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120303/jsp/sports/story_15207013.jsp#.VUfnnPApp-J |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=4 May 2015 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Sri Lanka beat Australia three days later in their last group fixture and knocked India out of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coverdale |first=Brydon |date=2 March 2012 |title=Sri Lanka in finals after nine-run win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-bank-series-2011-12-518940/australia-vs-sri-lanka-12th-match-518967/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160331/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/555937.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=29 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; With 373 runs at 53.28, Kohli finished as India's highest run-scorer and lone centurion of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Bank Series, 2011/12 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6632;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917000702/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6632;type=tournament |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=29 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Virat Kohli 26 Feb 2012.jpg|270x270px|thumb|Kohli fielding during a [[2011–12 Commonwealth Bank Series|CB Series]] match against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] in February 2012|left]]Kohli was appointed the vice-captain for the [[2012 Asia Cup]] in Bangladesh on the back of his fine performances in Australia. Kohli was in fine form during the tournament, finishing as the leading run-scorer with 357 runs at an average of 119.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / Asia Cup, 2011/12 / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6730;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714133204/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6730;type=tournament |archive-date=14 July 2015 |access-date=30 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the final group stage match against Pakistan, he scored his personal best of 183 from 148 balls, his 11th ODI century. He helped India to chase down 330, their highest successful ODI run chase at the time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 March 2012 |title=Kohli's Match-Winning Tons |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304724404577290870761611462 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162657/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304724404577290870761611462 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; His knock was the highest individual score in Asia Cup history surpassing previous record of 144 by [[Younis Khan]] in 2004 and the joint second highest score along with Dhoni in an ODI run-chase; also became the highest individual score against Pakistan in ODIs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramakrishnan |first=Madhusudhan |date=18 March 2012 |title=Kohli's mastery of chases |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-v-pakistan-asia-cup-mirpur-kohli-s-mastery-of-chases-557837 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160431/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/557837.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=4 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli was awarded the man of the match in both the matches that India won,&lt;ref name=&quot;mom9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 Mar 2012 |title=Asia Cup, 2nd Match: India v Sri Lanka at Dhaka |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/535795.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116022505/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/535795.html |archive-date=16 November 2013 |access-date=30 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Purohit |first=Abhishek |date=18 March 2012 |title=Kohli demolishes Pakistan in record chase |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504/india-vs-pakistan-5th-match-535798/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160449/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/557744.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=30 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; nonetheless India could not progress to the final of the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh thrash SL, put India out of Asia Cup final |url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/asia-cup-2012-match-report-bagladesh-sri-lanka-mirpur/20120320.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005054012/https://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/asia-cup-2012-match-report-bagladesh-sri-lanka-mirpur/20120320.htm |archive-date=5 October 2021 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=[[Rediff]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July–August 2012, Kohli struck two centuries in the [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2012|five-match ODI tour of Sri Lanka]], 106 off 113 balls at Hambantota and 128* off 119 balls at Colombo, winning man of the match in both games.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 Jul 2012 |title=India tour of Sri Lanka, 1st ODI: Sri Lanka v India at Hambantota |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-sri-lanka-2012-564778/sri-lanka-vs-india-1st-odi-564781/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115231626/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/564781.html |archive-date=15 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mom12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 Jul 2012 |title=India tour of Sri Lanka, 4th ODI: Sri Lanka v India at Colombo (RPS) |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/564784.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119110958/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/564784.html |archive-date=19 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India won the series 4–1 and Kohli was named player of the series.&lt;ref name=&quot;mos1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 Aug 2012 |title=India tour of Sri Lanka, 5th ODI: Sri Lanka v India at Pallekele |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/564785.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521171741/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/564785.html |archive-date=21 May 2015 |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the one-off T20I that followed, he scored a 48 ball 68, his first T20I fifty, and yet again won the player of the series award.&lt;ref name=&quot;imos1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Aug 2012 |title=India tour of Sri Lanka, Only T20I: Sri Lanka v India at Pallekele |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/564786.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418191629/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/564786.html |archive-date=18 April 2015 |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; He continued to be in good form during the [[2012 ICC World Twenty20]] in Sri Lanka, with 185 runs he was highest run-getter among Indian batsmen;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ICC World Twenty20, 2012/13 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6856;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917000515/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6856;type=tournament |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=5 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; hitting two fifties during the tournament, against [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], winning man of the match for both his innings.&lt;ref name=&quot;imom1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 Sep 2012 |title=ICC World Twenty20, 3rd Match, Group A: Afghanistan v India at Colombo (RPS) |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/533274.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404163408/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/533274.html |archive-date=4 April 2015 |access-date=30 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;imom2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 Sep 2012 |title=ICC World Twenty20, 20th Match, Group 2: India v Pakistan at Colombo (RPS) |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/533291.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427044033/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/533291.html |archive-date=27 April 2015 |access-date=30 April 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; For his performances he was named in the ICC 'Team of the Tournament'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 Oct 2012 |title=Virat Kohli stars in World T20 Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world-t20-2012/story/virat-kohli-stars-in-world-t20-team-of-the-tournament-118127-2012-10-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110112455/https://www.indiatoday.in/world-t20-2012/story/virat-kohli-stars-in-world-t20-team-of-the-tournament-118127-2012-10-07 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli's test form dipped during the first three matches of [[English cricket team in India in 2012–13|England's tour of India]], between October 2012 and January 2013, with a top score of 20 and England leading the series 2–1.&lt;ref name=&quot;testinnlist&quot; /&gt; Overcoming his poor run of form, he scored a patient 103 from 295 balls in the last match.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=15 December 2012 |title=Kohli takes pride in 'learning innings' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virat-kohli-takes-pride-in-learning-innings-597259 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160327/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/597259.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the match ended in a draw and England won their first Test series in India in 28 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McGlashan |first=Andrew |date=17 December 2012 |title=England end 28-year wait for win in India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2012-13-565792/india-vs-england-4th-test-565809/match-report-5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160345/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/597420.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 2012–13|Against Pakistan]] in December 2012, Kohli averaged 18 in the T20Is&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / Pakistan in India T20I Series, 2012/13 – India / Batting and bowling averages |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=7818;team=6;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917000616/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=7818;team=6;type=series |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 4.33 in the ODIs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / Pakistan in India ODI Series, 2012/13 – India / Batting and bowling averages |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=7819;team=6;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218174534/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=7819;team=6;type=series |archive-date=18 February 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Troubled by the fast bowlers, particularly [[Junaid Khan (cricketer)|Junaid Khan]] who dismissed him on all three occasions in the ODI series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Knew Virat Kohli would find it difficult to pick my length: Junaid Khan |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-pakistan-2012/news/202306-knew-virat-kohli-would-find-it-difficult-to-pick-my-length-junaid-khan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084657/http://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-pakistan-2012/news/202306-knew-virat-kohli-would-find-it-difficult-to-pick-my-length-junaid-khan |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli had a quiet ODI series against England, apart from a match-winning 77* in the third ODI&lt;ref name=&quot;mom13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 January 2013 |title=England tour of India, 3rd ODI: India v England at Ranchi |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/565814.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315160146/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/565814.html |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; with a total of 155 runs at an average of 38.75.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / England in India ODI Series, 2012/13 / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=7341;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917000604/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=7341;type=series |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=3 May 2015 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli scored his fourth Test century (107) at Chennai in the first match of the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2012–13|home Test series against Australia]] in February 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;testinnlist&quot; /&gt; India completed a 4–0 series sweep, becoming the first team to whitewash Australia in more than four decades.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S |first=Rajesh |date=24 March 2013 |title=Toss no advantage for Australia |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-v-australia-4th-test-stats-review-toss-no-advantage-for-australia-626612 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160439/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/626612.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=4 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli averaged 56.80 in the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Border–Gavaskar Trophy, 2012/13 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=7977;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917000552/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=7977;type=series |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=4 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quote box<br /> | quote=&quot;I love watching Virat Kohli bat. He looks to me like an individual of my own heart. I love his aggression, and he has serious passion that I used to have. He reminds me of myself.&quot;<br /> | author = Former West Indies captain [[Viv Richards]] on Kohli.<br /> | source = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title='Kohli reminds me of myself' – Viv Richards|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-reminds-me-of-myself-viv-richards-632180|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=3 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203134620/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-reminds-me-of-myself-viv-richards-632180|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | align = right<br /> | width = 30%<br /> }}<br /> <br /> In June 2013, Kohli featured in the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|ICC Champions Trophy]] in England which India won. He scored a 144 against Sri Lanka in warm-up match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Jun 2013 |title=ICC Champions Trophy Warm-up Matches, India v Sri Lanka at Birmingham |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/634962.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501151019/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/634962.html |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=7 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored moderately in India's group matches against South Africa, West Indies and Pakistan respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;odiinnlist&quot; /&gt; In sync India qualified for the semi-finals with an undefeated record.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ICC Champions Trophy, 2013 Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/match_results.html?id=7371&amp;type=tournament |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031221642/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/team-match-results/icc-champions-trophy-2013-7371 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the semi-final against Sri Lanka at Cardiff, he struck 58* in an eight-wicket win for India.&lt;ref name=&quot;odiinnlist&quot; /&gt; The [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy Final|final]] between India and England at Birmingham was reduced to 20 overs after a rain delay. India batted first and Kohli top-scored with 43 from 34 ball, helping India reach 129/7 in 20 overs. India went on to secure a five run win and their second consecutive ICC ODI tournament victory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-23 |title=India deny hosts England to claim Champions Trophy |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/23/sport/cricket-champions-trophy-india-england/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219085951/https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/23/sport/cricket-champions-trophy-india-england/index.html |archive-date=19 February 2023 |access-date=2014-12-14 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli was also named as part of the 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Will |date=25 June 2013 |title=Indians Dominate Champions Trophy 'Best XI' |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/06/25/indians-dominate-champions-trophy-best-xi/ |url-status=live |access-date=2019-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927004908/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/06/25/indians-dominate-champions-trophy-best-xi/ |archive-date=27 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Setting records and post-Tendulkar era ====<br /> [[File:Virat Kohli batting 2013.jpg|211x211px|thumb|Kohli batting against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] in Cardiff during the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]] in June 2013]]Kohli stood in as the captain for the first ODI of the [[2013 West Indies Tri-Series|triangular series in the West Indies]] after Dhoni injured himself during the match; Kohli being named the captain for the remaining matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 2013 |title=Injured Dhoni ruled out of tri-series |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/injured-ms-dhoni-ruled-out-of-west-indies-tri-series-646695 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919171615/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/646695.html |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=10 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his second match as captain, Kohli scored his first century as captain, making 102 off 83 balls against the West Indies at Port of Spain in a bonus point win for India.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 Jul 2013 |title=West Indies Tri-Nation Series, 4th Match: West Indies v India at Port of Spain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tri-nation-series-2013-597920/west-indies-vs-india-4th-match-597926/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202183120/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/597926.html |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=11 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 July 2013 |title=Bonus-point relief for Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bonus-point-relief-for-virat-kohli-648199 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008173119/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bonus-point-relief-for-virat-kohli-648199 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |access-date=8 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Many senior players including Dhoni were rested for the [[Indian cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2013|five-match ODI tour of Zimbabwe]] in July 2013. Kohli was therefore appointed as captain for an entire series .&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brickhill |first=Liam |date=23 July 2013 |title=Kohli praises young mates for successful transition |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-praises-young-mates-for-successful-transition-654539 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160131/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/654539.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=11 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the first game of the series at Harare, he struck 115 runs from 108 balls, helping India chase down the target of 229 and winning the man of the match award.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2013 |title=Full Scorecard of Zimbabwe vs India 1st ODI 2013 – Score Report |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/643665.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228044758/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/643665.html |archive-date=28 February 2014 |access-date=11 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India completed a 5–0 sweep of the series; their first in an away ODI series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Kanishkaa |date=3 August 2013 |title=Mishra's six sets up 5–0 sweep |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-zimbabwe-2013-643657/zimbabwe-vs-india-5th-odi-643677/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160133/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/658057.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=11 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli had a successful time with the bat in the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2013–14|seven-match ODI series]] against Australia. After top-scoring with 61 in the opening loss at Pune,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2013 |title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 1st ODI 2013/14 – Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2013-14-647237/india-vs-australia-1st-odi-647249/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009172424/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2013-14-647237/india-vs-australia-1st-odi-647249/full-scorecard |archive-date=9 October 2021 |access-date=9 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; he struck the fastest century by an Indian in ODIs in the second match at Jaipur. Reaching the milestone in just 52 balls and putting up an unbroken 186 run partnership for second wicket with [[Rohit Sharma]], that came in 17.2 overs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-10-16 |title=Virat Kohli blasts India to victory against Australia in second ODI |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/oct/16/india-australia-second-odi-jaipur |url-status=live |access-date=2023-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164209/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/oct/16/india-australia-second-odi-jaipur |archive-date=6 February 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli's innings of 100* helped India chase down the target of 360 with more than six overs to spare. This chase was the [[List of One Day International cricket records#Highest run chases|second-highest successful run-chase]] in ODI cricket at the time while Kohli's knock became the fastest century against Australia and third fastest in a run chase.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-16 |title=India in second biggest run chase in one-day cricket history |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/10/16/sport/cricket-indai-kohli-tendular/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219085939/https://www.cnn.com/2013/10/16/sport/cricket-indai-kohli-tendular/index.html |archive-date=19 February 2023 |access-date=2016-12-16 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the sixth ODI at Nagpur, he struck 115 off only 66 balls to help India successfully chase the target of 351 and level the series 2–2 .&lt;ref name=&quot;mom16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2013 |title=Australia tour of India, 6th ODI: India v Australia at Nagpur, 30 Oct 2013 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/647259.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218214638/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/647259.html |archive-date=18 February 2014 |access-date=11 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; He reached the triple-digit figure in 61 balls, making it the third fastest ODI century by an Indian batsman subsequently became the fastest batsman in the world to score 17 hundreds in ODI cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=S |first1=Rajesh |last2=Jayaraman |first2=Shiva |date=30 October 2013 |title=Kohli fastest to 17 ODI tons |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-fastest-to-17-odi-tons-684111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160259/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/684111.html |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=11 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India clinched the series after winning the last match in which he was run out for a duck.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 November 2013 |title=Full Scorecard of India vs Australia 7th ODI 2013/14 – Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2013-14-647237/india-vs-australia-7th-odi-647261/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108113341/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2013-14-647237/india-vs-australia-7th-odi-647261/full-scorecard |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=9 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the conclusion of the series, Kohli moved to the top position in the [[ICC Men's Player Rankings|ICC ODI batsmen rankings]] for the first time in his career.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI rankings&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2013 |title=Kohli and Ajmal top ODI rankings |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-and-ajmal-top-odi-rankings-685413 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133036/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/685413.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quote box<br /> | quote=&quot;I always had a different kind of feeling when I started working with Virat Kohli. From the beginning, I was very sure that he was a rare talent and would become a great player. He grew massively in these past few years and has matured a lot. I was fortunate to be part of that process of seeing him grow and that give me immense pleasure.&quot;<br /> | author = [[Gary Kirsten]], who was India's coach from 2008 to 2011, on Kohli<br /> | source = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Shamya |date=19 April 2018 |title=Virat Kohli had 'the hunger to be great' — Gary Kirsten |url=https://wisden.com/indian-premier-league/virat-kohli-had-the-hunger-to-be-great-gary-kirsten |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164206/https://wisden.com/indian-premier-league/virat-kohli-had-the-hunger-to-be-great-gary-kirsten |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=6 February 2023 |website=[[Wisden]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | align = left<br /> | width = 34%<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Kohli batted twice in the [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2013–14|two-match Test series]] against the West Indies, and had scores of 3 and 57 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 November 2013 |title=Full Scorecard of West Indies vs India 1st Test 2013/14 – Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2013-14-668845/india-vs-west-indies-1st-test-676525/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028171523/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2013-14-668845/india-vs-west-indies-1st-test-676525/full-scorecard |archive-date=28 October 2021 |access-date=11 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 November 2013 |title=Full Scorecard of West Indies vs India 2nd Test 2013/14 – Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2013-14-668845/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-test-676527/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028171447/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2013-14-668845/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-test-676527/full-scorecard |archive-date=28 October 2021 |access-date=11 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was also the last Test series for Tendulkar and Kohli was expected to take Tendulkar's number 4 batting position after the series.&lt;ref name=&quot;king&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2013 |title=The king and his heir |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ian-chappell-on-the-batting-skills-of-sachin-tendulkar-and-virat-kohli-685039 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708194251/http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/685039.html |archive-date=8 July 2014 |access-date=9 July 2014 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the first game of the three-match ODI series that followed at Kochi, Kohli made 86 to seal a six wicket win and won the man of the match.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=West Indies tour of India, 1st ODI: India v West Indies at Kochi |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/676529.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830014946/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/676529.html |archive-date=30 August 2015 |access-date=13 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; He missed out on his third century at Visakhapatnam in the next match, after being dismissed for 99 while playing a [[Batting (cricket)#Pull and hook|hook shot]] off [[Ravi Rampaul]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=24 November 2013 |title=Catches, drops, and a missed century |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/catches-drops-and-a-missed-century-692241 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828175814/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/692241.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |access-date=13 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India lost the match by two wickets,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 November 2013 |title=Full Scorecard of India vs West Indies 2nd ODI 2013/14 – Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2013-14-668845/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-odi-676531/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028171521/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2013-14-668845/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-odi-676531/full-scorecard |archive-date=28 October 2021 |access-date=11 October 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; but took the series 2–1 after winning the series-decider at Kanpur.&lt;ref name=&quot;mos2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 November 2013 |title=West Indies tour of India, 3rd ODI: India v West Indies at Kanpur, 27 Nov 2013 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/676533.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417072501/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/676533.html |archive-date=17 April 2015 |access-date=13 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; With 204 runs at 68.00, Kohli finished the series as the leading run-getter and was awarded the man of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Indies in India ODI Series, 2013/14 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8673;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122201920/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8673;type=series |archive-date=22 November 2016 |access-date=13 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2013–14|toured South Africa]] in December 2013 for three ODIs and two Tests. Kohli averaged 15.50 in the ODIs including a duck.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / India in South Africa ODI Series, 2013/14 – India / Batting and bowling averages |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=8269;team=6;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122010929/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=8269;team=6;type=series |archive-date=22 November 2016 |access-date=17 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the first Test at Johannesburg, playing his first Test in South Africa and batting at 4 for the first time,&lt;ref name=&quot;testinnlist&quot; /&gt; Kohli scored 119 and 96. His hundred was the first by a subcontinent batsman at the venue since 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 December 2013 |title=Kohli's best and a rare first-innings ton |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-analysis-kohli-s-best-and-a-rare-first-innings-ton-701589 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919173059/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/701589.html |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=17 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; The match ended in a draw and Kohli was awarded man of the match.&lt;ref name=&quot;tmom2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=India tour of South Africa, 1st Test: South Africa v India at Johannesburg, 18–22 Dec 2013 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/648665.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129084650/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/648665.html |archive-date=29 January 2014 |access-date=17 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India failed to win a single match on the tour, losing the second Test by 10 wickets in which he made 46 and 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;testinnlist&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2014: T20 World Cup and assuming Test-captaincy ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;&quot;<br /> |+Virat's record as Test captain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=List of Captains |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=1;id=6;type=team |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=29 March 2026 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116015850/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=1%3Bid%3D6%3Btype%3Dteam |archive-date=16 November 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !Matches||Won||Lost||Drawn||Tied||No result|| Win %<br /> |-<br /> ||68||40||17||11||0||–||70.17%<br /> |}<br /> During [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2013–14|New Zealand tour]], he averaged 58.21 in the five-match ODI series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / India in New Zealand ODI Series, 2013/14 / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8555;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130222243/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8555;type=series |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=17 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, his efforts went in vain as India were defeated 4–0. He made 214 runs at 71.33 in the two-match Test series that followed&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records / India in New Zealand Test Series, 2013/14 / Most runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8673;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130222238/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8557;type=series |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=17 May 2015 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; including an unbeaten 105 on the last day of the second Test at Wellington that helped India save the match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India tour of New Zealand, 2nd Test: New Zealand v India at Wellington, 14–18 Feb 2014 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/667653.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607041642/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/667653.html |archive-date=7 June 2015 |access-date=17 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India then traveled to Bangladesh for the [[2014 Asia Cup|Asia Cup]] and World Twenty20. Dhoni was ruled out of the Asia Cup after suffering a [[side strain]] during the New Zealand tour, which led to Kohli being named the captain for the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2014 |title=Dhoni out of Asia Cup with side strain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ms-dhoni-out-of-asia-cup-with-side-strain-720907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829055648/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/720907.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli scored 136 off 122 balls in India's opening match against Bangladesh, sharing a 213 run third wicket stand with [[Ajinkya Rahane]], which helped India successfully chase 280.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom18&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Asia Cup, 2nd Match: Bangladesh v India at Fatullah, 26 Feb 2014 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/710293.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225213001/http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2014/engine/match/710293.html |archive-date=25 February 2014 |access-date=18 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was his 19th ODI century and his fifth in Bangladesh, making him the batsman with most ODI centuries in Bangladesh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 February 2014 |title=Kohli's second-innings exploits, hundreds by captains |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-kohli-s-second-innings-exploits-hundreds-by-captains-723187 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829055653/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/723187.html |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India were knocked out of the tournament after narrow losses against Sri Lanka and Pakistan in which Kohli scored 48 and 5 respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;odiinnlist&quot; /&gt; Dhoni returned from injury to captain the team for [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]] while Kohli was named vice-captain. Kohli played a crucial knock of 36 off 32 balls against Pakistan, the highest score in that match. He then scored 54 off 41 balls against West Indies and an unbeaten 57 from 50 balls against Bangladesh, both in successful run chases.&lt;ref name=&quot;t20innlist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistics / Statsguru / V Kohli / Twenty20 Internationals |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/253802.html?class=1;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025051827/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/253802.html?class=3;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |archive-date=25 October 2016 |access-date=24 August 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the semi-final against South Africa, he made an unbeaten 72 in 44 deliveries to help India achieve the target of 173.&lt;ref name=&quot;imom3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 Apr 2014 |title=World T20, 2nd Semi-Final: India v South Africa at Dhaka |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/682963.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414045541/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/682963.html |archive-date=14 April 2015 |access-date=27 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; He won the man of the match for this knock. In the final against Sri Lanka India posted the target of 130/4 in which Kohli top scored 77 from 58 balls. Notwithstanding his innings, India lost the match by six wickets.&lt;ref name=&quot;imos2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 Apr 2014 |title=World T20, Final: India v Sri Lanka at Dhaka |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/682965.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509085804/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/682965.html |archive-date=9 May 2015 |access-date=27 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli made a total of 319 runs in the tournament at an average of 106.33, a record for most runs by an individual batsman in a single [[World Twenty20]] tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jayaraman |first=Shiva |date=6 Apr 2014 |title=Yuvraj's 21-ball struggle, and SL's death bowling |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/yuvraj-s-21-ball-struggle-and-sl-s-death-bowling-735397 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111092445/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/yuvraj-s-21-ball-struggle-and-sl-s-death-bowling-735397 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |access-date=11 January 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; For his achievement he won the Man of the Tournament award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Apr 2014 |title=ICC announces men's ICC World Twenty20 BD 2014 Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/180042 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716223104/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/180042 |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=[[International Cricket Council|ICC-Cricket]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quote box<br /> | quote=&quot;Kohli is the next chosen one. He exudes the intensity of [[Rahul Dravid|Dravid]], the audacity of [[Sehwag]], and the extraordinary range of [[Tendulkar]]. That doesn't make him better, simply sui generis, his own unique kind.&quot;<br /> | author = Former New Zealand captain [[Martin Crowe]] on Kohli<br /> | source = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=A force called Kohli|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/martin-crowe-a-force-called-kohli-715355|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=3 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203134623/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/martin-crowe-a-force-called-kohli-715355|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | align = left<br /> | width = 30%<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Kohli's [[Indian cricket team in England in 2014|tour of England]] was a challenging one, marked by a series of underwhelming performances. He scored a total of 134 runs in the series in 10 innings, at an average of 13.4, with a top score of 39.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=20 May 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/virat-kohli-explains-how-his-current-slump-is-different-from-2014-in-england-i-didn-t-feel-like-i-was-batting-well-at-all-101652969570646.html |title='In England I didn't feel like I was batting well at all': Kohli explains how his current slump is different from 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=20 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; He found himself dismissed for single-digit scores on six occasions, and appeared to struggle particularly with the [[swing bowling|swinging]] deliveries aimed at his [[off stump]]. This resulted in several dismissals by means of edges caught by the [[wicket-keeper]] or [[slip (cricket)|slip fielders]]. [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]], who was named Man of the Series, was particularly successful in dismissing Kohli, accounting for four of his wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/england-in-india-2016/Pitches-have-taken-Kohlis-glitches-out-of-equation-Anderson/articleshow/55926069.cms|title=Pitches have taken Kohli's glitches out of equation: Anderson |website=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211193141/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/england-in-india-2016/Pitches-have-taken-Kohlis-glitches-out-of-equation-Anderson/articleshow/55926069.cms |archive-date=11 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli's technique and ability as a batsman were subjected to analysis and critique from cricket experts and former players after the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=10 August 2014 |title='Spineless', 'embarrassing', 'pathetic'; English press let it rip |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/spineless-embarrassing-pathetic-english-press-let-it-rip/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224194635/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/spineless-embarrassing-pathetic-english-press-let-it-rip/ |archive-date=24 December 2015 |access-date=28 May 2015 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite India emerging victorious in the following ODI series by 3–1, Kohli's batting performance did not see significant improvement. He scored with an average of 18 runs in four innings, in the ODI series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India in England ODI Series, 2014 – India / Records / Batting and bowling averages |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=8563;team=6;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917054614/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=8563;team=6;type=series |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=28 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the single T20I match, he exhibited a resurgence with a 41-ball 66, marking his first score of over 50 during the tour. Despite India's defeat in the match by a margin of three runs, Kohli's performance earned him the top position in the ICC T20I batsmen rankings.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Virat Kohli tops T20I batting charts for the first time |url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/81763/virat-kohli-tops-t20i-batting-charts-for-the-first-time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528182416/http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2014/media-releases/81763/virat-kohli-tops-t20i-batting-charts-for-the-first-time |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |website=[[International Cricket Council|ICC-Cricket]] |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli had a successful time during India's [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2014–15|home ODI series win over the West Indies]] in October 2014. His 62 in the second ODI at Delhi was his first fifty across Tests and ODIs in 16 innings since February&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title=Kohli century sets up series win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2014-15-770047/india-vs-west-indies-4th-odi-770127/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605234953/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/789885.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=29 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; and he stated that he got his &quot;confidence back&quot; with the innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 October 2014 |title='I've got my confidence back' – Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/i-ve-got-my-confidence-back-kohli-789873 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605234956/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/789873.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=29 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhoni was rested for the [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2014–15|five-match ODI series]] against Sri Lanka in November enabling Kohli to lead the team for another full series. Kohli batted at 4 throughout the series and showed moderate batting display in the first four ODIs with India leading the series 4–0. In the fifth ODI at Ranchi, he made an unbeaten 139 off 126 balls to give his team a three-wicket win and a whitewash of Sri Lanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2014-11-16 |title=Virat Kohli steers India to ODI series whitewash over Sri Lanka |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Press Association]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/16/india-sri-lanka-virat-kohli-odi |access-date= |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164216/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/16/india-sri-lanka-virat-kohli-odi |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli was awarded player of the series and it was the second whitewash under his captaincy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=16 November 2014 |title=A century of wins for India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/a-century-of-wins-for-india-799993 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605234944/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/799993.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=29 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the series he became the fastest batsman in the world to go past the 6000-run mark in ODIs, at the time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=9 November 2014 |title=Kohli and Dhawan break milestone records |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-and-dhawan-break-milestone-records-797645 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605234951/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/797645.html |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=29 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; With 1054 ODI runs at 58.55 in 2014, he became the second player in the world after [[Sourav Ganguly]] to make more than 1,000 runs in ODIs for four consecutive calendar years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thiraviam |first=Buvanesh |title=Players with Most &quot;1000 ODI Runs in a Calendar Year&quot; |url=https://www.cricindeed.com/players-with-most-1000-runs-in-odi-in-a-calendar-year/ |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=CricIndeed |date=23 November 2021 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110124236/https://www.cricindeed.com/players-with-most-1000-runs-in-odi-in-a-calendar-year/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:VIRAT KHOLI &amp; DUNCAN FLETCHER (15573134813).jpg|thumb|Virat in discussion with coach [[Duncan Fletcher]] ahead of the [[Border–Gavaskar Trophy|Border–Gavaskar series]]]]<br /> For the first Test of the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2014–15|Australian tour]] in December 2014, [[MS Dhoni|Dhoni]] was not part of the Indian team at Adelaide due to an injury and Kohli took the reins as Test captain for the first time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2014-11-10 |title=Virat Kohli to captain India for first Test against Australia |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/10/virat-kohli-india-test-captain-australia-ms-dhoni |access-date=2023-02-06 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164204/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/10/virat-kohli-india-test-captain-australia-ms-dhoni |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli scored 115 in India's first innings, becoming the fourth Indian to score a hundred on Test captaincy debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2014-12-11 |title=Virat Kohli recovers to make hundred after being hit on helmet by Mitchell Johnson |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/11/virat-kohli-helmet-mitchell-johnson-australia-india |access-date= |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164210/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/11/virat-kohli-helmet-mitchell-johnson-australia-india |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In their second innings, India were set a target of 364 to be scored on the fifth day. Kohli put on 185 runs for the third wicket with [[Murali Vijay]] before Vijay's dismissal, which triggered a batting collapse. From 242/2, India was bowled out for 315 with Kohli's 141 off 175 balls being the top-score.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=1st Test: Australia v India at Adelaide, 9–13 Dec 2014 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/754737.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212212621/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/754737.html |archive-date=12 December 2015 |access-date=31 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dhoni returned to the team as captain for the second match at Brisbane where Kohli scored 19 and 1 in a four-wicket defeat for India.&lt;ref name=&quot;testinnlist&quot; /&gt; In the Melbourne [[Boxing Day Test]], he made his personal best Test score (of that time) of 169 in the first innings while sharing a 262 runs partnership with Rahane, India's biggest partnership outside Asia in ten years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-12-28 |title=Record MCG fourth-wicket stand for India leaves third Test in the balance |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/28/record-mcg-fourth-wicket-stand-for-india-leaves-third-test-in-the-balance |access-date= |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164210/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/28/record-mcg-fourth-wicket-stand-for-india-leaves-third-test-in-the-balance |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli followed it with a score of 54 in India's second innings on the fifth day helping his team draw the Test match.&lt;ref name=&quot;testinnlist&quot; /&gt; Dhoni announced his retirement from Test cricket at the conclusion of this match and Kohli was appointed as the full-time Test captain ahead of the fourth Test at Sydney.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Dean |author-link=Dean Jones (cricketer) |date=2015-01-01 |title=Virat Kohli the perfect man to take on cricket's toughest role |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/virat-kohli-the-perfect-man-to-take-on-crickets-toughest-role-20150101-12gc1l.html |url-access=registration |access-date=2016-05-28 |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620050730/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/virat-kohli-the-perfect-man-to-take-on-crickets-toughest-role-20150101-12gc1l.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Captaining the Test team for the second time, Kohli scored 147 runs in the first innings of the match and became the first batsman in Test cricket history to score three hundreds in his first three innings as Test captain.&lt;ref name=&quot;ausstat&quot; /&gt; He was dismissed for 46 in the second innings and the match ended in a draw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=4th Test: Australia v India at Sydney, 6–10 Jan 2015 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/754743.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208041241/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/754743.html |archive-date=8 December 2016 |access-date=31 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli's total of 692 runs in four Tests is the most by any Indian batsman in a Test series in Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;ausstat&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=10 January 2015 |title=Four Tests, 5870 runs |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/four-tests-5870-runs-819173 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607151958/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/819173.html |archive-date=7 June 2015 |access-date=31 May 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2015–2016: World Cups and limited-over success ===<br /> [[File:2015 CWC I v UAE 02-28 Kohli (12) (cropped).JPG|thumb|235x235px|Virat Kohli batting against [[UAE cricket team|UAE]] during [[2015 Cricket World Cup]]]]Kohli's form in the lead-up to the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] was not at its peak, as evidenced by his scores of 18 and 5 in the warm-up matches against Australia and Afghanistan. Despite his less-than-stellar form in the warm-up matches, Kohli was able to rise to the occasion and deliver a commanding performance in the first match of the World Cup against Pakistan at Adelaide by scoring 107 runs from 126 deliveries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Will |date=15 Feb 2015 |title=India Defeats Pakistan After Virat Kohli Century at Cricket World Cup |url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/india-defeats-pakistan-after-virat-kohli-century-at-cricket-world-cup-1424005527 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |language=en-US |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201164241/https://www.wsj.com/articles/india-defeats-pakistan-after-virat-kohli-century-at-cricket-world-cup-1424005527 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; This feat earned him the man of the match award and established him as the first Indian batsman to score a century against Pakistan in a World Cup match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ICC World Cup 2015: Virat Kohli becomes first Indian batsman to score century in a World Cup against Pakistan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/icc-world-cup-2015-virat-kohli-becomes-first-indian-batsman-to-score-century-in-a-world-cup-against-pakistan-240523-2015-02-16 |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |date=16 February 2015 |language=en |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903083601/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/icc-world-cup-2015-virat-kohli-becomes-first-indian-batsman-to-score-century-in-a-world-cup-against-pakistan-240523-2015-02-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In India's second match of the tournament, against South Africa, Kohli was dismissed for a score of 46. Despite this setback, India went on to secure a commanding 130-run victory in the match. In the subsequent four group matches, India batted second, and Kohli maintained his form, contributing to the team's success with a series of steady performances. He scored 33* against [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|UAE]], 33 against West Indies, 44* against Ireland, and 38 against Zimbabwe, respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;odiinnlist&quot; /&gt; India secured wins in all four fixtures and topped Pool B with an undefeated record.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ICC Cricket World Cup / Points Table |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/509587.html?view=pointstable |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710025832/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/509587.html?view=pointstable |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=5 July 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; During a highly anticipated semi-final match against Australia at Melbourne, the Indian team suffered elimination from the tournament. Despite the high expectations for their performance, India's efforts were ultimately thwarted by their opponent. In this contest, Kohli, was dismissed for a score of 1 from 13 deliveries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2015-03-26 |title=For India, a bridge too far |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/for-india-a-bridge-too-far/article7036456.ece |access-date=2023-02-01 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162652/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/for-india-a-bridge-too-far/article7036456.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Premchandran |first=Dileep |date=2015-03-26 |title=Virat Kohli and co caught short as India fail to banish ghost of World Cups past |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=Sportblog |publication-place=Sydney |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2015/mar/26/india-australia-cricket-world-cup-semi-final-virat-kohli-caught-short |access-date=2023-02-06 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183252/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2015/mar/26/india-australia-cricket-world-cup-semi-final-virat-kohli-caught-short |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli had a slump in form when India [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015|toured Bangladesh]] in June 2015. He contributed only 14 in the one-off Test which ended in a draw and averaged 16.33 in the ODI series which Bangladesh won 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Records / India in Bangladesh ODI Series, 2015 – India / Batting and bowling averages |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=10069;team=6;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625051536/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=10069;team=6;type=series |archive-date=25 June 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli ended his streak of low scores by scoring his 11th Test hundred in the first Test of the [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2015|Sri Lankan tour]] which India lost. India won the next two matches to seal the series 2–1, Kohli's first series win as Test captain and India's first away Test series win in four years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=September 2015 |title=Persistent India complete rare series win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-sri-lanka-2015-895057/sri-lanka-vs-india-3rd-test-895777/match-report-5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917032417/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/916287.html |archive-date=17 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; During [[South African cricket team in India in 2015–16|South Africa's tour of India]], Kohli became the fastest batsman in the world at that time to make 1,000 runs in T20I cricket, reaching the milestone in his 27th innings.&lt;ref name=&quot;fastestt20i&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Batting records / Fastest to 1000 runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/925247.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318162955/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/925247.html |archive-date=18 March 2016 |access-date=2 April 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the ODI series, he made a century in the fourth ODI at Chennai that helped India win and level the series.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=22 Oct 2015 |title=South Africa tour of India, 4th ODI: India v South Africa at Chennai |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/903599.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024220135/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/903599.html |archive-date=24 October 2015 |access-date=27 January 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; India lost the series after a defeat in the final ODI and Kohli finished the series with an average of 49.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=South Africa in India ODI Series, 2015/16 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=10315;type=series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122182107/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=10315;type=series |archive-date=22 November 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; India came back to beat the top ranked South African team 3–0 in the four-match Test series under Kohli's captaincy, and climbed to number two position on the ICC Test rankings.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India No. 2 in Test rankings after 3–0 series rout over South Africa |url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/india-no-2-in-test-rankings-after-3-0-series-rout-over-south-africa-sa-tour-india-delhi-test/20151207.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211030223/http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/india-no-2-in-test-rankings-after-3-0-series-rout-over-south-africa-sa-tour-india-delhi-test/20151207.htm |archive-date=11 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |publisher=[[Rediff]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Virat scored a total of 200 runs in the series at 33.33.&lt;ref name=&quot;testinnlist&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli started 2016 with scores of 91 and 59 in the first two ODIs of the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2015–16|limited-overs tour of Australia]]. He followed it up with a pair of hundreds, a run-a-ball 117 at Melbourne and 106 from 92 balls at Canberra. During the course of the series he became the fastest batsman in the world to cross the 7000-run mark in ODIs at the time, getting to the milestone in his 161st innings and the fastest to get to 25 centuries. After the ODI series ended in a 1–4 loss, the Indian team came back to whitewash the Australians 3–0 in the T20I series. Kohli made fifties in all three T20Is with scores of 90*,&lt;ref name=&quot;imom4&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=26 Jan 2016 |title=India tour of Australia, 1st T20I: Australia v India at Adelaide |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/895817.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108071732/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/895817.html |archive-date=8 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 59*&lt;ref name=&quot;imom5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=29 Jan 2016 |title=India tour of Australia, 2nd T20I: Australia v India at Melbourne |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/895819.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104114955/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/895819.html |archive-date=4 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 50, winning two man of the matches as well as the man of the series award.&lt;ref name=&quot;imos3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=31 Jan 2016 |title=India tour of Australia, 3rd T20I: Australia v India at Sydney |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/895821.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609121026/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/895821.html |archive-date=9 June 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also instrumental in India winning the [[2016 Asia Cup|Asia Cup]] in Bangladesh the following month, where he scored 49 in a run-chase of 84 against Pakistan,&lt;ref name=&quot;imom6&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=27 Feb 2016 |title=Asia Cup, 4th Match: India v Pakistan at Dhaka |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/966751.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203180653/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/966751.html |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=8 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by an unbeaten 56 against Sri Lanka and 41 not out in the Final against Bangladesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;imom7&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=1 Mar 2016 |title=Asia Cup, 7th Match: India v Sri Lanka at Dhaka |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/966757.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203180708/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/966757.html |archive-date=3 December 2016 |access-date=8 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli maintained his good form in the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]] in India, scoring 55* in another successful run-chase against Pakistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Wigmore |first=Tim |date=2016-03-19 |title=India crush Pakistan as Virat Kohli defies tension with half-century |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/mar/19/india-pakistan-world-twenty-20-match-report |access-date=2023-02-06 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206135410/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/mar/19/india-pakistan-world-twenty-20-match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He struck an unbeaten 82 from 51 balls in India's must-win group match against Australia in &quot;an innings of sheer class&quot; with &quot;clean cricket shots&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lemon |first=Geoff |date=2016-03-27 |title=India through to World T20 semi-final as Kohli brilliance beats Australia |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |publication-place=Mohali |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/mar/27/india-beat-australia-world-t20-kohli-dhoni |access-date=2023-02-06 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164212/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/mar/27/india-beat-australia-world-t20-kohli-dhoni |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It helped India win by six wickets and register a spot in the semi-final. In the semi-final, Kohli top-scored with an unbeaten 89 from 47 deliveries, but West Indies overhauled India's total of 192 and ended India's campaign.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-03-31 |title=WT20: Simmons' blitzkrieg stuns India, Windies to face England in final |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-t20/india-vs-west-indies-world-t20-semifinal-2nd-innings-live-score-and-updates/story-P0FYIFVxu9HezWJRAja7EP.html |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424155132/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-t20/india-vs-west-indies-world-t20-semifinal-2nd-innings-live-score-and-updates/story-P0FYIFVxu9HezWJRAja7EP.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; His total of 273 runs in five matches at an average of 136.50 earned him his second consecutive Man of the Tournament award at the World Twenty20.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Deeptesh |date=20 April 2016 |title=ICC World T20 2016: Virat Kohli proud of winning second consecutive Man of the Tournament award |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/icc-world-t20-2016-virat-kohli-proud-winning-second-consecutive-man-of-tournament-award |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=sportskeeda}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was named as captain of the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2016 World Twenty20 by the ICC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ICC names WT20 Teams of the Tournament |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/icc-world-t20-team-of-the-tournament-india-roy-de-kock-kohli-root-buttler-watson-russell/2016-04-04 |website=[[cricket.com.au]] |access-date=16 July 2019 |archive-date=16 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716223650/https://www.cricket.com.au/news/icc-world-t20-team-of-the-tournament-india-roy-de-kock-kohli-root-buttler-watson-russell/2016-04-04 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Playing his first Test in the West Indies since his debut series, Kohli scored 200 in the [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 2016|first Test]] at Antigua to ensure an innings-and-92-run win for India, their biggest win ever outside of Asia. It was his first double hundred in first-class cricket and the first made away from home by an Indian captain in Tests.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=22 July 2016 |title=Kohli the captain breaks new ground |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-is-the-first-india-captain-to-make-an-overseas-double-hundred-1038005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110094733/http://www.espncricinfo.com/west-indies-v-india-2016/content/story/1038005.html |archive-date=10 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; India went on to wrap the series 2–0 and briefly top the ICC Test Rankings before being displaced by Pakistan at the position. He scored another double hundred, 211 at Indore in the third Test [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2016–17|against New Zealand]] as India's 3–0 whitewash victory saw them regain the top position in the ICC Test Rankings.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=New Zealand tour of India, 3rd Test: India v New Zealand at Indore, 8–11 Oct 2016 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nz-tour-of-india-2016-17-1030193/india-vs-new-zealand-3rd-test-1030217/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108062003/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1030217.html |archive-date=8 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2017–2018: Dominant batting and leadership ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;&quot;<br /> |+Virat's record as White ball captain<br /> |-<br /> !&amp;nbsp;||Matches||Won||Lost||Tied||No result|| Win %<br /> |-<br /> |ODI&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=List of ODI Captains |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=2;id=6;type=team |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=29 March 2026 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117075310/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=2%3Bid%3D6%3Btype%3Dteam |archive-date=17 November 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||95||65||27||1||2||70.43%<br /> |-<br /> |T20I&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of captains for India in Twenty20 Internationals |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/individual-list-captains/india-6/twenty20-internationals-3 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ||50||30||16||2||2||64.58%<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Kohli got double centuries in the next two Test series against England and Bangladesh, making him the first batsman ever to score double centuries in four consecutive series. He broke the record of Australian great [[Donald Bradman]] and Rahul Dravid, both of whom had managed to get three. Against England, he scored his then-highest Test score of 235.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kohli200&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Seervi |first=Bharat |date=10 February 2017 |title=Virat Kohli: four double-tons in four series |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-bangladesh-2016-17/content/story/1081775.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210121320/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-bangladesh-2016-17/content/story/1081775.html |archive-date=10 February 2017 |access-date=10 February 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli got the chance to captain in an ICC tournament for the first time in the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]]. In the semi-final against Bangladesh, Kohli scored 96* and became the fastest batsman in terms of innings to reach 8,000 runs in ODIs in 175 innings.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=15 June 2017 |title=Dominant India march into yet another final |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/19640879/dominant-india-march-yet-another-final |access-date=5 November 2018 |archive-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106005614/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/19640879/dominant-india-march-yet-another-final |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; India reached the final, but lost to Pakistan by 180 runs. In the third over of Indian innings, Kohli was dropped in the slips for just five runs but caught the next ball by [[Shadab Khan]] at point on the bowling of [[Mohammad Amir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2017-06-18 |title=Champions Trophy: Pakistan pulls off famous win against old rival India |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/18/sport/pakistan-india-champions-trophy-cricket/index.html |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219085937/https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/18/sport/pakistan-india-champions-trophy-cricket/index.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also named as part of the 'Team of the Tournament' at the 2017 Champions Trophy by the ICC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Live Cricket Scores &amp; News International Cricket Council |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy/media-releases/421165 |website=[[International Cricket Council|ICC-cricket]] |access-date=16 July 2019 |archive-date=22 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622154932/https://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy/media-releases/421165 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Virat Kohli after his century at Trent Bridge (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|244x244px|Virat Kohli after scoring a hundred against [[England cricket team|England]] in [[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|2018 Test series]]]]<br /> Kohli carried on his form with ODI centuries against the West Indies and Sri Lanka in consecutive series, equaling [[Ricky Ponting]]'s tally of 30 ODI centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;mom24&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kohli, Rohit smash hundreds in crushing victory |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17891/report/1109608/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901034724/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17891/report/1109608/ |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=31 August 2017 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Date |first=Kartikeya |date=10 September 2017 |title=Is Kohli up there with Tendulkar and Richards as an ODI batsman? |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/20655528/virat-kohli-there-sachin-tendulkar-viv-richards-odi-batsman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910124110/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/20655528/virat-kohli-there-sachin-tendulkar-viv-richards-odi-batsman |archive-date=10 September 2017 |access-date=10 September 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 2017, he was adjudged the ODI player of the series against New Zealand for scoring two ODI centuries, during the course of which he made a new record for the most runs (8,888), best average (55.55) and highest number of centuries (31) for any batsman when completing 200 ODIs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=22 October 2017 |title=Kohli: the most prolific batsman after 200 ODIs |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21112829/most-prolific-batsman-200-odis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023012816/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21112829/most-prolific-batsman-200-odis |archive-date=23 October 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mos4&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=3rd ODI (D/N), New Zealand tour of India at Kanpur, Oct 29 2017|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18029/scorecard/1120092/India-vs-New-Zealand-3rd-ODI-nz-in-ind-2017-18-2017-18|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126104900/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18029/scorecard/1120092|archive-date=26 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli made several more records during the [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2017–18|3 match Test series against Sri Lanka]] at home in November. After scoring a century and a double century in the first two Tests, he ended up scoring yet another double century in the third Test during which he became the eleventh Indian batsman to surpass 5000 runs in Test cricket while scoring his 20th Test century and 6th double century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Seervi |first=Bharath |date=2 December 2017 |title=Kohli breezes past 5000 runs with his 20th Test ton |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21638676/virat-kohli-breezes-5000-runs-20th-test-ton |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203071022/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21638676/virat-kohli-breezes-5000-runs-20th-test-ton |archive-date=3 December 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; During this match he also became the first batsman to score six double hundreds as a captain.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Virat Kohli surpasses Brian Lara for most double centuries as captain |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/sri-lanka-in-india/virat-kohli-surpasses-brian-lara-for-most-double-centuries-as-captain/articleshow/61900016.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203080550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/sri-lanka-in-india/virat-kohli-surpasses-brian-lara-for-most-double-centuries-as-captain/articleshow/61900016.cms |archive-date=3 December 2017 |access-date=3 December 2017 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 December 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; With 610 runs in the series, Kohli also became the highest run-scorer by an Indian in a three-match Test series and the fourth-highest overall.&lt;ref name=&quot;Auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Seervi |first=Bharath |date=5 December 2017 |title=Virat Kohli – 2818 international runs in 2017 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21674290/virat-kohli-2818-international-runs-2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206081229/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21674290/virat-kohli-2818-international-runs-2017 |archive-date=6 December 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; India comfortably won the three-match series 1–0 and Kohli was adjudged man of the match for the second and third Test matches and player of the series. With this win, India equaled Australia for the record streak of nine consecutive series wins in Test cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Seervi |first=Bharath |date=6 December 2017 |title=India's record streak of nine consecutive series wins |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-sri-lanka-2017/content/story/1128687.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303200120/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-sri-lanka-2017/content/story/1128687.html |archive-date=3 March 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; He ended the year with 2818 international runs, which is recorded as the third-highest tally ever in a calendar year and the highest tally ever by an Indian player.&lt;ref name=&quot;Auto1&quot; /&gt; The ICC named Kohli as captain of both their World Test XI and ODI XI for 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 Jan 2018 |title=ICC Awards: Men's Test and ODI Teams of the Year 2017 announced |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/597047 |website=[[International Cricket Council|ICC-cricket]] |access-date=18 January 2018 |archive-date=18 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118182249/https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/597047 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli farely averaged in the Test matches as India lost 1–2 during the [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18|South Africa tour in 2018]] but came back strongly to score 558 runs in the 6 ODIs making a record for the highest runs scored in a bilateral ODI series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Lynch |first=Steven |date=13 February 2018 |title=Who has scored the most runs in a bilateral ODI series? |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22506527/scored-most-test-runs-month |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224102835/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22506527/scored-most-test-runs-month |archive-date=24 February 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; This included three centuries, remaining unbeaten in two with a best of 160*.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Christopher Nickels |first=Jephher |date=16 February 2018 |title=India vs South Africa, 6th ODI: Virat Kohli blasts 3rd hundred in 6-match series |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-south-africa-6th-odi-virat-kohli-blasts-3rd-hundred-in-6-match-series-1171279-2018-02-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218021953/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-south-africa-6th-odi-virat-kohli-blasts-3rd-hundred-in-6-match-series-1171279-2018-02-16 |archive-date=18 February 2018 |website=[[India Today]] |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; India won the ODI series 5–1 and Kohli became the first Indian captain to win an ODI series in South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/virat-kohli-leads-india-to-their-first-ever-bilateral-series-triumph-in-south-africa-1169147-2018-02-14|title=India create history in South Africa: Virat Kohli does what no other Indian captain could|date=14 February 2018|publisher=India Today|first=Ritayan|last=Basu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214055905/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/virat-kohli-leads-india-to-their-first-ever-bilateral-series-triumph-in-south-africa-1169147-2018-02-14|archive-date=14 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2018, Kohli showed interest to play [[County Championship|county cricket]] in England in June in order to improve his batting before the start of [[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|India's tour to England]] the following month.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Ali |date=2018-03-24 |title=Virat Kohli may join Surrey to tune up for India's Test series in England |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/mar/24/virat-kohli-may-join-surrey-england-india-test-series |access-date= |issn=0029-7712 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164210/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/mar/24/virat-kohli-may-join-surrey-england-india-test-series |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He signed to play for [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] but a neck injury ruled him out of his stint in England before it even began.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Ali |date=2018-05-24 |title=Virat Kohli's Surrey move off after India captain suffers neck injury |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/may/24/virat-kohli-surrey-move-off-india-injury |access-date= |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164207/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/may/24/virat-kohli-surrey-move-off-india-injury |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 2 August, Kohli scored his first Test century on English soil in the first test match of the series against England.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Marks |first=Vic |author-link=Vic Marks |date=2018-08-02 |title=Virat Kohli's brilliant century frustrates England in India fightback |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |publication-place=Edgbaston |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/aug/02/england-india-first-test-day-two-match-report |access-date= |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164206/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/aug/02/england-india-first-test-day-two-match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 5 August, Kohli displaced [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] to become the No. 1 ranked Test batsman in the ICC Test rankings. He also became the seventh Indian batsman and first since Sachin Tendulkar in June 2011 to achieve this feat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kohli displaces Smith as No. 1 Test batsman |language=en |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/103469/virat-kohli-india-cricket-team-captain-displaces-steven-smith-as-no-1-test-batsman |access-date=5 August 2018 |archive-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805143215/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/103469/virat-kohli-india-cricket-team-captain-displaces-steven-smith-as-no-1-test-batsman |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the third test at [[Trent Bridge]], [[Nottingham]], Kohli scored 97 and 103 and helped India win by 203 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marks |first=Vic |author-link=Vic Marks |date=20 Aug 2018 |title=Virat Kohli's measured century leaves England facing third Test drubbing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/aug/20/england-india-third-test-day-three-match-report |access-date=11 Jan 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]] |series=England vs India 2018 |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111092443/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/aug/20/england-india-third-test-day-three-match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; At the end of 5-match test series, Kohli scored 593 runs which was third highest runs by an Indian batsman in a losing test series. Kohli's consistent performance in the series against the moving ball when other batsman failed to perform was hailed by [[Mass media in the United Kingdom|British Media]] as one of his finest. ''[[The Guardian]]'' described Kohli's batting display as &quot;one of the greatest batting displays in a losing cause.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Nick |date=4 September 2018 |title=Virat Kohli and the greatest batting performances in a losing cause |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/sep/04/the-spin-cricket-virat-kohli-and-the-greatest-batting-performances-in-a-losing-cause |access-date=23 March 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]] |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040437/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/sep/04/the-spin-cricket-virat-kohli-and-the-greatest-batting-performances-in-a-losing-cause |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Virat Kohli at Greenfield Stadium 1.11.2018.jpg|thumb|185x185px|Kohli at [[Greenfield International Stadium|Greenfield Stadium]] during match with [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] ]]During ODI series [[West Indies cricket team in India in 2018–19|against West Indies]] in 2018, Kohli accomplished a noteworthy achievement. He became the twelfth batsman to amass [[List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in One Day International cricket|10,000 ODI runs]] in ODIs and achieved this feat at an unprecedented pace,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Marks |first=Vic |date=2018-10-24 |title=Virat Kohli's record-breaking knock has fans debating who is the greatest |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/oct/24/virat-kohli-sachin-tendulkar-fastest-10000-odi-runs-cricket |access-date= |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024170019/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/oct/24/virat-kohli-sachin-tendulkar-fastest-10000-odi-runs-cricket |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; he surpassed this landmark in 54 fewer innings than Sachin Tendulkar, the player who holds the record for being the second-fastest to the landmark.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/west-indies-in-india/unstoppable-virat-kohli-fastest-to-10000-odi-runs-breaks-sachin-tendulkars-record/articleshow/66347065.cms|title=Unstoppable Virat Kohli fastest to 10,000 ODI runs, breaks Sachin Tendulkar's record|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 October 2018|language=en|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024205200/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/west-indies-in-india/unstoppable-virat-kohli-fastest-to-10000-odi-runs-breaks-sachin-tendulkars-record/articleshow/66347065.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the course he scored his 37th ODI century. On 27 October, after scoring his 38th ODI century Kohli became the first batsman for India, first captain and tenth overall to score three successive centuries in ODIs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=27 October 2018 |title=India vs West Indies: Virat Kohli becomes first Indian batsman to complete hat-trick of centuries in ODIs |language=en |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-west-indies-virat-kohli-becomes-first-indian-batsman-to-complete-hat-trick-of-centuries-in-odis/story-Lnj9LPmpqy1X6Y2AR8GmnL.html |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028151555/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-west-indies-virat-kohli-becomes-first-indian-batsman-to-complete-hat-trick-of-centuries-in-odis/story-Lnj9LPmpqy1X6Y2AR8GmnL.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He ended up scoring 453 runs in 5 innings at an average of 151.00 in the 5-match series and was the [[Player of the Match awards (cricket)|Player of the Series]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India storm to series win after Ravindra Jadeja four-for |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18902/report/1157758/india-vs-west-indies-5th-odi-west-indies-in-india-2018-19 |access-date=1 November 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=November 2018 |archive-date=1 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101180158/http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18902/report/1157758/india-vs-west-indies-5th-odi-west-indies-in-india-2018-19 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> On 16 December 2018 in the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19|2018–2019]] [[Border–Gavaskar Trophy]], Kohli scored his 25th test hundred in [[Perth Stadium|Perth]]. His knock of 123 was his 6th hundred in three tours to [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] making him the only Indian to score 6 test hundreds in Australia after [[Sachin Tendulkar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 Dec 2018 |title=India vs Australia: Virat Kohli slams 25th Test century, equals Sachin Tendulkar's record |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-australia-virat-kohli-slams-25th-test-century-celebrates-in-style-5495756/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904062730/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-australia-virat-kohli-slams-25th-test-century-celebrates-in-style-5495756/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He also became the fastest Indian and second fastest overall (125 innings) to score 25 test hundreds,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 Dec 2018 |title=Virat Kohli becomes second fastest to 25th Test century |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/india-tour-of-australia-australia-vs-india-second-test-in-perth-virat-kohli-becomes-second-fastest-to-25th-test-century/article25756592.ece |access-date=23 March 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118134841/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/india-tour-of-australia-australia-vs-india-second-test-in-perth-virat-kohli-becomes-second-fastest-to-25th-test-century/article25756592.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; second only to [[Sir Don Bradman|Donald Bradman]] (68 innings); which was bettered by Steven Smith during [[Ashes 2019|2019 Ashes]] (119 innings).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 Aug 2019 |title=Ashes 2019: Steve Smith breaks Virat Kohli's record with magnificent century against England |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ashes-2019-steve-smith-breaks-virat-kohli-s-record-with-magnificent-century-against-england/story-JWu8RzGjt8OkJNZWHV092L.html |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904062729/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ashes-2019-steve-smith-breaks-virat-kohli-s-record-with-magnificent-century-against-england/story-JWu8RzGjt8OkJNZWHV092L.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli's knock was rated by several analysts and former cricketers as one of his finest against a quality Australian attack.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='A very special hundred': Twitter abuzz after Virat Kohli's magnificent innings in Perth Test |url=https://scroll.in/field/905874/a-very-special-hundred-twitter-abuzz-after-virat-kohlis-magnificent-innings-in-perth-test |access-date=23 March 2021 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=16 December 2018 |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108211421/https://scroll.in/field/905874/a-very-special-hundred-twitter-abuzz-after-virat-kohlis-magnificent-innings-in-perth-test |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Although he broke several records in the game his innings proved to be insufficient as India went down by 146 runs as Australia leveled the series with two tests remaining.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=18 December 2018 |title=My hundred irrelevant, says Virat Kohli after India lose Perth Test |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/my-hundred-irrelevant-says-virat-kohli-after-india-lose-perth-test-1411755-2018-12-18 |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224093919/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/my-hundred-irrelevant-says-virat-kohli-after-india-lose-perth-test-1411755-2018-12-18 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=16 December 2018 |title=Australia vs India: Virat Kohli scores 25th Test century |work=[[Fox sports]] |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia-vs-india-virat-kohli-scores-25th-test-century/news-story/5ad82adc12742bec9ef0905fa2e43761 |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-date=17 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217175303/https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia-vs-india-virat-kohli-scores-25th-test-century/news-story/5ad82adc12742bec9ef0905fa2e43761 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Overall, he finished the series with 282 runs at an average of 40.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Rohan |date=18 January 2019 |title=Virat Kohli in Australia 2018–19: Average as batsman, outstanding as captain |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/virat-kohli-in-australia-2018-19-average-as-batsman-outstanding-as-captain-1433908-2019-01-18 |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028030421/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/virat-kohli-in-australia-2018-19-average-as-batsman-outstanding-as-captain-1433908-2019-01-18 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; By winning the test series in Australia he had become the first Indian and also the first Asian skipper to win a test series in Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dasgupta |first=Shamya |date=2019-01-07 |title='Never Been More Proud' – Kohli Soaks In Historic Win {{!}} Wisden Cricket |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/proud-virat-kohli-soaks-historic-win |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was again named as captain of both the World Test XI and ODI XI for 2018 by the ICC.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 Jan 2019 |title=ICC announces men's Test and ODI Teams of the Year |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/980936 |website=[[International Cricket Council|ICC-cricket]] |access-date=15 July 2019 |archive-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715174145/https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/980936 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2019–2020: Record breaking captaincy and batting woes ===<br /> In April 2019, he was named the captain of [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#India|India's squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Gollapudi |first=Nagraj |date=15 Apr 2019 |title=Rahul and Karthik in, Pant and Rayudu out of India's World Cup squad |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26528278/rahul-karthik-pant-rayudu-india-world-cup-squad |access-date=15 April 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107223734/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26528278/rahul-karthik-pant-rayudu-india-world-cup-squad |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 16 June 2019, in India's match against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], Kohli became the fastest batsman in terms of innings to score 11,000 runs in ODI cricket. He reached the landmark in his 222nd innings.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rajarshi |title=India vs Pakistan: Virat Kohli fastest to 11,000 ODI runs |language=en |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket-world-cup-2019/story/world-cup-2019-india-vs-pakistan-virat-kohli-sachin-tendulkar-11000-odi-runs-fastest-1550053-2019-06-16 |access-date=16 June 2019 |archive-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616123725/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket-world-cup-2019/story/world-cup-2019-india-vs-pakistan-virat-kohli-sachin-tendulkar-11000-odi-runs-fastest-1550053-2019-06-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eleven days later in the match against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]], Kohli became the fastest cricketer in terms of innings to score 20,000 runs in international cricket, doing so in his 417th innings.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-cup/virat-kohli-surpasses-sachin-and-lara-becomes-fastest-to-20000-international-runs/articleshow/69974402.cms |title=Virat Kohli surpasses Sachin and Lara, becomes fastest to 20,000 international runs |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 June 2019 |access-date=27 June 2019 |archive-date=27 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627140438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-cup/virat-kohli-surpasses-sachin-and-lara-becomes-fastest-to-20000-international-runs/articleshow/69974402.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli scored five consecutive fifty plus scores in the tournament . Nonetheless, India lost the semi-final against New Zealand in which Kohli was out for just a run.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-07-11 |title='It breaks your heart': India's Kohli on shock loss to New Zealand – video |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/video/2019/jul/11/it-breaks-your-heart-indias-kohli-on-shock-loss-to-new-zealand-video |access-date= |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206135410/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/video/2019/jul/11/it-breaks-your-heart-indias-kohli-on-shock-loss-to-new-zealand-video |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; After the World Cup, [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2019|India toured West Indies]] for 3 T20Is and 3 ODIs followed by two test matches .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India tour of West Indies, 2019 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2856/india-tour-of-west-indies-2019/matches |website=[[cricbuzz]] |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230102238/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2856/india-tour-of-west-indies-2019/matches |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli was instrumental in ODI series win as he struck back to back hundreds in second and third ODI. He was awarded player of the series for his match performances.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 Aug 2019 |title=India vs West Indies {{!}} Match details, 3rd ODI, Port of Spain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-2019-1188617/west-indies-vs-india-3rd-odi-1188626/full-scorecard |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230102237/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-2019-1188617/west-indies-vs-india-3rd-odi-1188626/full-scorecard |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the following test series which India won 2–0, Kohli became most successful test captain for India, going past MS Dhoni who had 27 wins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 September 2019 |title='Captaincy is just a c in front of your name' – Virat Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/captaincy-is-just-a-c-in-front-of-your-name-virat-kohli-1199363 |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230102232/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/captaincy-is-just-a-c-in-front-of-your-name-virat-kohli-1199363 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2019, Kohli captained India for the [[List of India Test cricket records#Most matches as captain|50th time in Test cricket]] in the second Test [[South African cricket team in India in 2019–20|against South Africa]]. In the first innings of the match, Kohli scored an unbeaten 254 runs, which is his personal best, while passing 7,000 runs in Tests. In the process, he subsequently became the first batsman for India to score [[List of India Test cricket records#Most double centuries|seven double centuries in Test cricket]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-12 |title=Kohli's masterful double-ton puts India in control against South Africa |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/kohli-s-masterful-double-ton-puts-india-in-control-against-south-africa-20191012-p5301e.html |url-access=registration |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219085951/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/kohli-s-masterful-double-ton-puts-india-in-control-against-south-africa-20191012-p5301e.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In November 2019, during the [[Day/night cricket|day/night]] Test match [[Bangladeshi cricket team in India in 2019–20|against Bangladesh]], Kohli became the fastest captain to score 5,000 runs in Test cricket, doing so in his 86th innings. In the same match, he also scored his 70th century in international cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 Nov 2019 |title=Pink ball Test: Virat Kohli becomes fastest captain to 5000 runs in Test cricket |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/virat-kohli-breaks-record-5000-test-runs-as-captain-india-vs-bangladesh-pink-ball-2nd-test-1621747-2019-11-22 |access-date=23 November 2019 |archive-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123000449/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/virat-kohli-breaks-record-5000-test-runs-as-captain-india-vs-bangladesh-pink-ball-2nd-test-1621747-2019-11-22 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2019–20|India toured to New Zealand]] from January to March 2020 to play 5-match T20I series along with a 3 and 2-match ODI and test series respectively. During the tour, Kolhi only managed to score 218 runs across formats in 12 innings at an average of 19.81 with only one fifty plus score during the first ODI. This was his lowest aggregate of runs in a tour where he played in all formats. India managed to win the T20I series 5–0 but during the ODI and Test leg of the tour they lost by 3–0 and 2–0 respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gede |first=Roshan |date=2020-02-24 |title='We Were Just Not Competitive Enough' – Kohli {{!}} Wisden Cricket |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/we-were-just-not-competitive-enough-kohli-reflects-on-indias-heavy-defeat |access-date= |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seervi |first=Bharat |date=2 Mar 2020 |title=India's third-poorest Test series with the bat, and Kohli's second-worst |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-third-poorest-test-series-with-the-bat-and-kohli-s-second-worst-1218125 |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303032121/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-third-poorest-test-series-with-the-bat-and-kohli-s-second-worst-1218125 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21|The Indian team travelled to Australia]] in November 2020, touring until January 2021. During the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21#ODI series|ODI Series]], Kohli managed to score two half-centuries in three innings with an aggregate of 173 runs at an average of 57.67. The second match against Australia was Kohli's 250th appearance in an ODI match and became 8th Indian to play this many matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 Nov 2020 |title=Virat Kohli becomes the 8th Indian cricketer to make 250 ODI appearances |work=[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|RCB]] |url=https://www.royalchallengers.com/rcb-cricket-news/news/virat-kohli-becomes-the-8th-indian-cricketer-to-make-250-odi-appearances |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111092446/https://www.royalchallengers.com/rcb-cricket-news/news/virat-kohli-becomes-the-8th-indian-cricketer-to-make-250-odi-appearances |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; During the first test of the tour played as day/night match at [[Adelaide Oval|Adelaide]], Kohli scored 74 before getting run out&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 Dec 2020 |title=Kohli run out as India lose late wickets |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/55347061 |access-date=2 April 2021 |archive-date=18 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218101646/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/55347061 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by 4 runs in the next innings. This happened in the match in which India were skittled out for 36 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berry |first=Scyld |date=19 Dec 2020 |title=India skittled out for 36 – their lowest Test score – by Australia in whopping defeat in Adelaide |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2020/12/19/india-skittled-36-lowest-test-score-australia-whopping-defeat/ |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph and North Murchison and Pilbarra Gazette|The Telegraph]] |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=19 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219175852/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2020/12/19/india-skittled-36-lowest-test-score-australia-whopping-defeat/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; After the first Test, Kohli left the tour on [[Parental leave|paternity leave]] as he was expecting the birth of his first child.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sud |first=Vedika |date=2020-12-05 |title=Virat Kohli put the birth of his first child before cricket. That sends a strong message to Indian men about fatherhood |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/04/india/virat-kohli-paternity-leave-india-dst-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2022-02-19 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219085952/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/04/india/virat-kohli-paternity-leave-india-dst-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In November 2020, Kohli was nominated for the Sir Garfield Sobers Award for ICC Male Cricketer of the Decade as well as Test, ODI and T20I player of the decade.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=25 Nov 2020 |title=Virat Kohli, Kane Williamson, Steven Smith, Joe Root nominated for ICC men's cricketer of the decade award |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30385388/virat-kohli,-kane-williamson,-steven-smith,-joe-root-nominated-icc-men-cricketer-decade-award |access-date= |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201025800/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30385388/virat-kohli,-kane-williamson,-steven-smith,-joe-root-nominated-icc-men-cricketer-decade-award |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He won the awards for Male cricketer of the decade and ODI cricketer of the decade.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=25 November 2020 |title=ICC Awards of the Decade announced |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1908769 |access-date= |work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC-cricket]] |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120224617/https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1908769 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2021–2022: Captaincy exit and resurgence ===<br /> The [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|English cricket team's tour of India]] in 2020–2021 began with a long 4-match Test series. Kohli made 172 runs across 4 Test matches, at an average of 28.66 with 2 half-centuries and 2 ducks. During the second test at Chepauk, he scored 62 on a spin-friendly pitch which [[England cricket team|English]] batting great [[Geoffrey Boycott]] described as a ''template to bat and score runs on a turning pitch''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title='Virat was exceptional, his shot selection impressive': Geoffrey Boycott wants England to learn from India captain |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-england-virat-was-exceptional-his-shot-selection-impressive-geoffrey-boycott-wants-england-to-learn-from-india-captain-101613627311467.html |access-date=4 April 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308142155/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-england-virat-was-exceptional-his-shot-selection-impressive-geoffrey-boycott-wants-england-to-learn-from-india-captain-101613627311467.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli was dismissed for a duck again in the 1st T20I of a 5-match series. However, he found his form in the latter part of the series and ended the series as the highest run-scorer from both sides with 231 runs to his name and 3 half-centuries at an average of 115.50. India clinched the series 3–2; Kohli was adjudged as the [[Man of the Series]] for his performances.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Adam |date=14 March 2021 |title=Virat Kohli leads India to T20 win to level series with England |url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/mar/14/virat-kohli-leads-india-to-t20-win-to-level-series-with-england |access-date=4 April 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331171514/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/mar/14/virat-kohli-leads-india-to-t20-win-to-level-series-with-england |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; During the second T20I, Kohli became the first ever batsman to complete 3,000 runs in the format.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Records {{!}} T20 International {{!}} Fastest to 3000 runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/1335852.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 December 2022 |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014015831/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/1335852.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 3-match ODI series, Kohli scored 129 runs in 3 innings with 2 half-centuries as India won the series 2–1. During the 2nd ODI, Kohli became the second batsman after [[Ricky Ponting]] to score 10,000 runs batting at number 3.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 March 2021 |title=India vs England: Kohli completes 10,000 ODI runs while batting at No. 3 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/england-in-india/india-vs-england-kohli-completes-10000-odi-runs-while-batting-at-no-3/articleshow/81706289.cms |access-date= |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326105048/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/england-in-india/india-vs-england-kohli-completes-10000-odi-runs-while-batting-at-no-3/articleshow/81706289.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[2021 ICC World Test Championship Final]] was played in June 2021, which India lost to New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Ali |date=22 Jun 2021 |title=Kane Williamson digs in as New Zealand and India take edgy WTC final to last day |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jun/22/new-zealand-india-day-five-world-test-championship-final-kane-williamson |access-date=11 Jan 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]] |series=World Test Championship |place=Ageas Bowl |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111093303/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jun/22/new-zealand-india-day-five-world-test-championship-final-kane-williamson |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; This was Kohli's third defeat as captain in a knockout game of an ICC tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |date=2021-06-24 |title=India introspective as ICC success eludes captain Kohli again |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-introspective-icc-success-eludes-captain-kohli-again-2021-06-24/ |url-access=registration |access-date=2021-12-29 |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219085937/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-introspective-icc-success-eludes-captain-kohli-again-2021-06-24/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored 44 and 13 in two innings before getting dismissed by [[Kyle Jamieson]] on both occasions .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Waris |first1=Sarah |date=2021-06-20 |title=Jamieson Dismisses Kohli Weeks After Refusing To Bowl To Him With The Dukes |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/jamieson-dismisses-kohli-weeks-after-refusing-to-bowl-to-him-with-the-dukes |access-date= |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Indian cricket team in England in 2021|Indian cricket team toured England]] in August and September 2021 to play five Test matches, following the conclusion of WTC Final. In the first four matches, Kohli scored a total of 249 runs, at an average of 27.66, including a duck and a couple of half-centuries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/pataudi-trophy-2021-2022-13787 |title=Pataudi Trophy 2021–22 records/Most runs |access-date=22 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 4th test of the series, Kohli became the fastest batsman, in terms of innings, to score 23,000 runs in international cricket (490).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/virat-kohli-breaks-sachin-tendulkar-s-long-standing-world-record-during-4th-test-against-england-101630583648175.html |title=Virat Kohli breaks Sachin Tendulkar's long-standing world record during 4th Test against England |work=Hindustan Times |date=2 September 2021 |access-date=22 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same match, he scored his 10,000th run in first-class cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://myindianews.com/virat-kohli-completes-10000-first-class-runs/ |title=Virat Kohli completes 10,000 first class runs |work=myindianews.com |access-date=22 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fifth test of the series was postponed following positive [[COVID-19]] results in the Indian team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-to-play-one-test-in-england-in-summer-of-2022-1279515 |title=India to play one Test in England in summer of 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=22 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Throughout the series, he was troubled by swinging deliveries and edged many deliveries, outside the off-stump, to the slip-fielders and wicket-keeper.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2021/08/15/england-unsettled-virat-kohli-remove-indias-talisman-lords/ |title=How England unsettled Virat Kohli to remove Indian talisman – as Lord's curse strikes again |work=The Telegraph |date=15 August 2021 |access-date=22 February 2024|url-access=subscription |last1=Wigmore |first1=Tim }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-ind-2021-sidharth-monga-making-sense-of-virat-kohli-lean-patch-1275353 |title=Living on the (inside) edge: Making sense of Kohli's lean patch |work=ESPN Cricinfo |date=30 August 2021 |access-date=22 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his batting woes, India won two of the four matches, with Kohli becoming the 2nd captain after [[Kapil Dev]] to win two tests in a series in England.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/virat-kohli-emulates-kapil-devs-feat-becomes-2nd-indian-captain-to-win-2-tests-in-a-series-in-england/808708 |title=Virat Kohli emulates Kapil Dev's feat, becomes 2nd Indian captain to win 2 Tests in a series in England |work=Times Now News |date=7 September 2021 |access-date=22 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2021, Kohli was named as the captain of India's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]. However, Kohli also publicly announced his decision to step down from the role of T20I captain following the tournament's conclusion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Morse |first=Ben |date=2021-09-17 |title=Cricket superstar Virat Kohli to step down as India's T20 captain |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/sport/virat-kohli-t20-captain-india-cricket-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=2022-02-19 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219085939/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/sport/virat-kohli-t20-captain-india-cricket-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; India was unable to advance to the semi-final round, marking the first time in a period of 9 years that India had been excluded from the tournament's latter stages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Amlan |date=2021-11-08 |title=India's Kohli ends T20 captaincy stint with consolation win |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/indias-kohli-ends-t20-captaincy-stint-with-consolation-win-2021-11-08/ |url-access=registration |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219085939/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/indias-kohli-ends-t20-captaincy-stint-with-consolation-win-2021-11-08/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2021, Kohli was replaced by Rohit Sharma as India's ODI captain. The BCCI President, [[Sourav Ganguly]], disclosed that Kohli's removal from the ODI captaincy was attributed to the selectors decision to avoid having two leaders for the white ball format. However, he also conveyed that Kohli was asked to remain the captain of the T20I.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-10 |title=We had requested Virat Kohli not to step down as T20I captain: Sourav Ganguly |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/sourav-ganguly-virat-kohli-india-t20i-captain-no-step-down-request-7665154/ |access-date=2022-02-16 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216131344/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/sourav-ganguly-virat-kohli-india-t20i-captain-no-step-down-request-7665154/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; During a press conference, Kohli disputed the BCCI President's statement, affirming that his decision to step down from the captaincy was &quot;well-received&quot; and viewed as a &quot;positive move&quot; by the BCCI officials. Kohli also claimed that he was informed about his dismissal from the ODI captaincy by the chief selector, [[Chetan Sharma]], 90 minutes before the announcement of the Test squad for [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2021–22|India's tour of South Africa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Aadyas |date=2021-12-15 |title=Virat Kohli Contradicts Sourav Ganguly Over T20I Captaincy Decision In His Clear-The-Air Press Conference |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/virat-kohli-contradicts-sourav-ganguly-in-his-clear-the-air-press-conference |access-date= |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; More than a week later, during the announcement of the squad for the [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2021–22#ODI series|ODI series against South Africa]], Chetan Sharma refuted Kohli's claim and stated that the officials had urged him to reconsider his decision to relinquish his role as T20I captain.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=31 Dec 2021 |title=Chetan Sharma: Everyone asked Virat Kohli 'to reconsider' stepping down as T20I captain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sa-vs-ind-chetan-sharma-everyone-in-selection-meeting-asked-virat-kohli-to-reconsider-stepping-down-as-t20i-captain-1294984 |access-date=3 January 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103051628/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sa-vs-ind-chetan-sharma-everyone-in-selection-meeting-asked-virat-kohli-to-reconsider-stepping-down-as-t20i-captain-1294984 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Later in 2021 and early 2022, [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2021–22|the Indian cricket team toured South Africa]] for a 3-match test series and a 3-match ODI series. Kohli managed to score 161 runs in the 4 innings of test series he played, averaging at 40.25. He could not play 2nd test of the series due to back spasm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 Jan 2022 |title=Team India head coach Rahul Dravid after the defeat in second Test and provided an update on Virat Kohli's fitness |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/rahul-dravid-provides-update-on-virat-kohli-s-injury-after-2nd-test-defeat-he-has-had-opportunity-to-run-around-a-little-bit-101641536314155.html |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215043247/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/rahul-dravid-provides-update-on-virat-kohli-s-injury-after-2nd-test-defeat-he-has-had-opportunity-to-run-around-a-little-bit-101641536314155.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 15 January 2022, Kohli also stepped down as India's Test captain, following the 2–1 test series defeat against South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 Jan 2022 |title=Virat Kohli steps down as India Test captain after losing South Africa series |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jan/15/virat-kohli-steps-down-india-test-captain-after-losing-south-africa-series-cricket |access-date=11 Jan 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]] |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111092445/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jan/15/virat-kohli-steps-down-india-test-captain-after-losing-south-africa-series-cricket |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 Jan 2022 |title=Virat Kohli: Why quitting was the only option for 'cornered' captain |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60013805 |access-date=1 Feb 2023 |website=[[BBC]] |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201161753/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60013805 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the ODI series, Kohli scored 116 runs in 3 innings, including two fifties, with an average of 38.66.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Records/India in South Africa ODI series, 2021/22/Most runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14164;type=series |access-date=15 February 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215043258/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14164;type=series |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; However South Africa swept the ODI series against India with a whitewash of 3–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 Jan 2022 |title=South Africa complete clean sweep in ODI series against India thanks to Quinton de Kock's century |no-pp=y |work=[[Sky Sports]] |url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12523798/south-africa-complete-clean-sweep-in-odi-series-against-india-thanks-to-quinton-de-kocks-century#:~:text=Sky%20Bet-,South%20Africa%20complete%20clean%20sweep%20in%20ODI%20series%20against,to%20Quinton%20de%20Kock's%20century&amp;text=Quinton%20de%20Kock%20scored%20a,victory%20at%20Newlands%20on%20Sunday. |access-date=11 Jan 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111092447/https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12523798/south-africa-complete-clean-sweep-in-odi-series-against-india-thanks-to-quinton-de-kocks-century#:~:text=Sky%20Bet-,South%20Africa%20complete%20clean%20sweep%20in%20ODI%20series%20against,to%20Quinton%20de%20Kock's%20century&amp;text=Quinton%20de%20Kock%20scored%20a,victory%20at%20Newlands%20on%20Sunday. |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2021–22|West Indian cricket team toured India in February 2022]], for a 3-match ODI series and a 3-match T20I series. During the ODI series, Kohli scored 5,000th run in India in ODIs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=6 February 2022 |title=IND vs WI: Virat Kohli breaks Sachin Tendulkar's ODI world record despite a poor outing in 1st ODI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ind-vs-wi-virat-kohli-breaks-sachin-tendulkar-s-odi-world-record-despite-a-poor-outing-in-1st-odi-101644154486405.html |access-date=7 February 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=7 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207044001/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ind-vs-wi-virat-kohli-breaks-sachin-tendulkar-s-odi-world-record-despite-a-poor-outing-in-1st-odi-101644154486405.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored a total of 26 runs from 3 innings at an average of 8.66.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Records/West Indies in India ODI Series, 2021/22/Most runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14205;type=series |access-date=24 March 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044607/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14205;type=series |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the following T20I series Kohli scored a total of 69 runs at an average of 34.50 with the help of a half-century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Records/West Indies in India T20I Series, 2021/22/Most runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14206;type=series |access-date=24 March 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044946/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14206;type=series |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In February{{Endash}}March 2022, [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2021–22|Sri Lankan cricket team toured India]] for a 3-match T20I series and 2-match test series. Kohli amassed a total of 81 runs from the 3 innings, in the 2-match test series, at an average of 27.0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Records/Sri Lanka in India Test Series, 2021/22/Most Runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14208;type=series |access-date=8 June 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608141412/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14208;type=series |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; When playing first-match of series in Mohali, Kohli also completed [[List of cricketers who have played 100 Tests|hundred Test matches]], becoming only the 12th Indian cricketer to play this many matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Waris |first=Sarah |date=2022-03-04 |title='His Heart Has Beaten The Loudest For Test Cricket' – Tributes Pour In As Virat Kohli Completes 100 Matches |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/his-heart-has-beaten-the-loudest-for-test-cricket-tributes-pour-in-as-virat-kohli-completes-100-matches |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Following the fifth test, the [[Indian cricket team in England in 2022|Indian cricket team toured England]] for 3 T20Is and 3 ODIs in 2022. Kohli was rested for the first T20I but was selected to play the second. He finished the series with 12 runs in 2 innings at an average of 6, a high score of 11, anyhow India won the series 2–1&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India in England T20I Series, 2022 – India Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=14152&amp;team=6&amp;type=series |access-date=2022-07-11 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031221643/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/averages-batting-bowling-by-team/india-in-england-t20i-series-2022-14152?team=6 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli was selected to play during the first ODI but was ruled out due an injury in the groin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=BCCI provides update on the extent of Virat Kohli's groin injury after star India batter misses 1st England ODI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/bcci-provides-update-on-the-extent-of-virat-kohli-s-groin-injury-after-star-india-batter-misses-1st-england-odi-101657626571508.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=13 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713012214/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/bcci-provides-update-on-the-extent-of-virat-kohli-s-groin-injury-after-star-india-batter-misses-1st-england-odi-101657626571508.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli failed to impress many and finished the ODI series with 33 runs from 2 innings with a high score of 17 and an average of 16.50, regardless India still won the ODI series 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India in England ODI Series, 2022 – India Cricket Team Records &amp; Stats {{!}} |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=14153&amp;team=6&amp;type=series |access-date=2022-07-18 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031221708/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/averages-batting-bowling-by-team/india-in-england-odi-series-2022-14153?team=6 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli made a resurgence of his form during the [[2022 Asia Cup|Asia Cup 2022]]. Over the course of the tournament, he amassed a total of 276 runs with an average of 92, The highlight of his performance was his maiden T20I century against [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]], a knock that saw him score 122 runs from 61 deliveries, it was his first century in 1020 days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=12 Sep 2022 |title=Sri Lanka surprise, Virat Kohli comeback: Five Asia Cup talk |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/sri-lanka-surprise-virat-kohli-comeback-five-asia-cup-talking-points/articleshow/94142117.cms |website=[[The Times Of India]] |publisher= |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106151419/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/sri-lanka-surprise-virat-kohli-comeback-five-asia-cup-talking-points/articleshow/94142117.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He later said in post match presentation that:<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote |text=&quot;Last two and a half years have taught me a lot. I am going to turn 34 in a month. So those angry celebrations are a thing of the past. I have had many suggestions, lot of advice has come my way; people were telling me I was doing this wrong, that wrong, I picked out all the videos from the best time I had; same initial movement, same approach towards the ball and it was just what was happening inside my head I wasn't able to explain it to anyone&quot; |author=Kohli after scoring 71st century |source=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Kohli on 71st century: Technique remained same but couldn't explain what was happening in my head |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/kohli-on-71st-century-technique-remained-same-but-couldnt-explain-what-was-happening-in-my-head/article65869721.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 September 2022 |access-date=3 December 2022 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203134621/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/kohli-on-71st-century-technique-remained-same-but-couldnt-explain-what-was-happening-in-my-head/article65869721.ece |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}He carried his good form into the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]. In the first game against Pakistan, Kohli scored 82* and won the match for his team by a close margin. During the match he hit a six down the ground of [[Haris Rauf]], which is remembered as one of the greatest sixes of all time. He rated this as his best innings in the format due to the magnitude which the game had.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2022 |title=T20 World Cup: Virat Kohli takes India to incredible victory over Pakistan |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/63363905 |access-date=1 Feb 2023 |website=[[BBC Sport]] |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201161751/https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/63363905 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Burnton |first=Simon |date=2022-10-23 |title=Virat Kohli's last-gasp masterclass sees India past Pakistan in game for the ages |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/oct/23/cricket-t20-world-cup-india-pakistan-report |access-date= |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206135407/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/oct/23/cricket-t20-world-cup-india-pakistan-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|''Wisden'']], the prestigious almanack of cricket, deemed this particular innings as the acme of the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Aadya |date=2022-12-22 |title=Wisden's Men's T20I Innings Of The Year 2022, No.1: Virat Kohli's 82* v Pakistan |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/wisdens-t20i-innings-of-2022-no-1-virat-kohlis-82-v-pakistan |access-date= |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli finished as the highest run-scorer in the tournament, with 296 runs to his name at an average of 98.66. For his performances, he was included in Team of the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 Nov 2022 |title=Team of the Tournament revealed for Men's T20 World Cup 2022 |url=https://www.t20worldcup.com/news/2907634 |access-date=11 Jan 2023 |website=[[International Cricket Council|ICC-cricket]] |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111092451/https://www.t20worldcup.com/news/2907634 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli was named in India's Test and ODI squad for [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022–23|India Tour of Bangladesh in 2022–23]]. In third-match, he scored his 44th ODI and overall 72nd century surpassing [[Ricky Ponting]]'s record of the second-most centuries scored across formats in international cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Sabyasachi |date=10 Dec 2022 |title=Bangladesh vs India: Virat Kohli goes past Ponting to become No.2 in list for most international hundreds |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/bangladesh-vs-india-virat-kohli-goes-past-ponting-to-become-no2-in-list-for-most-international-hundreds-2307582-2022-12-10 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |publication-place=New Delhi |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210100944/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/bangladesh-vs-india-virat-kohli-goes-past-ponting-to-become-no2-in-list-for-most-international-hundreds-2307582-2022-12-10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2023{{Endash}}2025: Resurgence and T20I &amp; Test Retirements ===<br /> In the early part of the year, Kohli began his campaign with a century against the [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2022–23#ODI series|touring Sri Lankan side in ODI]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-01-10 |title=India vs Sri Lanka: Virat Kohli starts the new year with 45th ODI hundred |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/sri-lanka-in-india/india-vs-sri-lanka-virat-kohli-starts-the-new-year-with-45th-odi-hundred/articleshow/96885340.cms |access-date=2023-03-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031711/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/sri-lanka-in-india/india-vs-sri-lanka-virat-kohli-starts-the-new-year-with-45th-odi-hundred/articleshow/96885340.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the third match of the series, Kohli amassed an unbeaten 166 runs from 110 balls. It was his 21st ODI century in India, the most by any player in a single country,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-hits-74th-international-ton-leaves-behind-sachin-tendulkar-to-reach-these-milestones-ind-vs-sl-3rd-odi-2023-01-15-839455 |title=Virat Kohli hits 74th international ton, leaves behind Sachin Tendulkar to reach these milestones |work=Daily News Post |date=15 January 2023 |access-date=27 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; and his 10th against Sri Lanka, the most by any player against any opposition.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/64282780 |title=Virat Kohli hits century as India seal record win over Sri Lanka |work=BBC Sport |date=15 January 2023 |access-date=27 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, his performance in this match elevated him to become the [[List of One Day International cricket records#Most career runs|fifth highest run-scorer in ODI cricket]], going ahead of [[Mahela Jayawardene]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-01-15 |title=Virat Kohli goes past Sachin Tendulkar to score most ODI tons against an opponent |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/sri-lanka-in-india/virat-kohli-goes-past-sachin-tendulkar-to-score-most-odi-tons-against-an-opponent/articleshow/97007792.cms |access-date=2023-03-26 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031714/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/sri-lanka-in-india/virat-kohli-goes-past-sachin-tendulkar-to-score-most-odi-tons-against-an-opponent/articleshow/97007792.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Following Kohli's performance, India went on to win the third ODI match by a record margin of 317 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 Jan 2023 |title=Virat Kohli ton helps India beat Sri Lanka by ODI record runs margin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jan/15/kohli-century-drives-india-to-biggest-ever-odi-margin-of-victory-sri-lanka-cricket |access-date=1 Feb 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]] |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201103652/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jan/15/kohli-century-drives-india-to-biggest-ever-odi-margin-of-victory-sri-lanka-cricket |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February{{Endash}}March 2023, Kohli played in the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23|Border–Gavaskar series of 2023]]. He faced a string of low scores in the initial three tests, before scoring a century in the final test at Ahmedabad, at the [[75 Years of Friendship through Cricket Event]]. He amassed a total of 186 runs in the match with his century being his first in the format in three years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lemon |first=Geoff |date=2023-03-12 |title=Virat Kohli's century one of discipline and flashes of mica in the stone |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=Sportblog |publication-place=Ahmedabad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2023/mar/13/cricket-india-australia-virat-kohlis-century-one-of-discipline-and-flashes-of-mica-in-the-stone |access-date=2023-03-13 |issn=0261-3077 |quote=It now gives India the benefit of a Kohli with that monkey off his back |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313122026/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2023/mar/13/cricket-india-australia-virat-kohlis-century-one-of-discipline-and-flashes-of-mica-in-the-stone |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 20 July 2023, during the [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2023|Test series against West Indies]], Kohli became the 10th player to play in 500 international matches. Simultaneously became the first player to register a fifty-plus score in a 500th international match whilst scoring his 29th Test century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Virat Kohli scores 29th Test century in 500th international match for India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-scores-29th-test-century-in-500th-international-match-for-india-8852944 |website=Indian Express |date=21 July 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722121233/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-scores-29th-test-century-in-500th-international-match-for-india-8852944/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is noteworthy that, upon the culmination of their initial five hundred matches, Kohli boasts the preeminent position in terms of accumulated runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/statsman/statsman-virat-kohli-500-international-matches-india-vs-west-indies/article67136579.ece |title=Statsman: Virat Kohli enters club 500 |work=Sportstar |date=30 July 2023 |access-date=28 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2023, he was selected in India's squad for [[2023 Asia Cup]]. In the opening match against Pakistan, Kohli could only score 4 runs before being bowled by [[Shaheen Afridi]]. The match, however, was called off due to rain. He did not get to bat in the second match against Nepal as India won the match without losing any wicket. However, in the next match against Pakistan, Kohli scored a century and stitched an unbeaten 233 run partnership with [[KL Rahul]], making it the highest partnership in the history of the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Virat Kohli becomes fastest to reach 13,000 ODI runs|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/ind-vs-pak-virat-kohli-becomes-fastest-to-reach-13-000-odi-runs-x-erupts-in-joy-101694440159735.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=11 September 2023|access-date=1 October 2023|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928182636/https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/ind-vs-pak-virat-kohli-becomes-fastest-to-reach-13-000-odi-runs-x-erupts-in-joy-101694440159735.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{quote box |align=right |width=33% |author={{emdash}}[[Michael Atherton]], reflecting on Kohli's stature in the game.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Was the Cricket World Cup a success? What next for England? Sky Sports pundits reflect on the tournament |url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/13012167/was-the-cricket-world-cup-a-success-what-next-for-england-sky-sports-pundits-reflect-on-the-tournament |date=20 Nov 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231120161733/https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/13012167/was-the-cricket-world-cup-a-success-what-next-for-england-sky-sports-pundits-reflect-on-the-tournament |archive-date=20 November 2023 |work=Sky Sports |location=UK}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |quote=I think he is one of the four most charismatic cricketers I have seen, along with [[Imran Khan]], [[Shane Warne]] and [[Viv Richards]], and I cannot think there has been a better ODI player in history.}}He was named in India's squad for the [[2023 Cricket World Cup]], his fourth appearance in the tournament. In the opening match against Australia, India were at 2 for 3, with the top order collapsing again similar to India's previous WC match against New Zealand in the 2019 WC semi-final. In response, he made 85 in a partnership of 165 runs with KL Rahul as India chased the target. He made a century against Bangladesh and a 95 against New Zealand.<br /> <br /> Kohli reached a significant milestone during the World Cup match against Sri Lanka at the [[Wankhede Stadium]] in Mumbai. He accomplished the feat of scoring the most number of 1000 runs in a calendar year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IND vs SL: Virat Kohli breaks Sachin Tendulkar's all-time record of most 1000-run years in ODIs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ind-vs-sl-virat-kohli-breaks-sachin-tendulkars-all-time-record-of-most-1000-run-years-in-odis-2457135-2023-11-02 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=India Today |date=2 November 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This marked the eighth time in Kohli's career that he achieved this milestone, surpassing the previous record held by Sachin Tendulkar, who had scored 1000 or more runs seven times in his career.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-11-02 |title=Virat Kohli breaks Sachin Tendulkar's record in ODIs |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-cup/news/virat-kohli-breaks-sachin-tendulkars-record-in-odis/articleshow/104914713.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-03 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the following match against [[South African cricket team|South Africa]] on 5 November 2023, which was also Kohli's 35th birthday, he scored his 49th century in 277 innings, equaling Tendulkar's record of 49 centuries in 438 innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Pritha |date=2023-11-05 |title=Kohli marks 35th birthday with record-equalling 49th ODI century |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/kohli-marks-35th-birthday-with-record-equalling-49th-odi-century-2023-11-05/ |access-date=2023-11-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the semi-final against New Zealand, Kohli surpassed Tendulkar's haul and became the only player to score 50 centuries in the format. During the match, he also surpassed Tendulkar's record and became the first batsman to hit 700 runs in a single World Cup edition.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-11-15 |title=IND vs NZ: Virat Kohli becomes first batter to score 700 runs in single World Cup edition |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/icc-cricket-world-cup/virat-kohli-first-batter-to-hit-700-runs-in-odi-world-cup-ind-nz-semifinal/article67535729.ece |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli was awarded the Player of the Tournament title in the [[2023 Cricket World Cup|ICC ODI World Cup 2023]] as he scored a record 765 average of 95.62.<br /> <br /> Early in 2024, Kohli missed the entire [[English cricket team in India in 2023–24|Test series against England at home]] due to &quot;personal reasons&quot;, which as revealed was the birth of his second child.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virat-kohli-anushka-sharma-welcome-their-second-child-on-february-15-1421897 |title=Kohli and wife Anushka Sharma welcome their second child on February 15 |work=ESPN Cricinfo |date=20 February 2024 |access-date=28 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In May, he was named in India's squad for the [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] tournament, which India eventually won.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India's Squad for the ICC Men's T20I World Cup 2024 |url=https://www.scorewaves.com/news-details/cricket-team-world-cup-squad-icc-mens-t20i-world-cup-2024 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=ScoreWaves |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite being out of form for most of the tournament, scoring only 75 runs before the finals, Kohli was player of the match in the final scoring 76 runs off 59 balls against South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-06-29 |title=T20 World Cup: Full list of Man-of-the-Match award winners in finals |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/t20-world-cup/t20-world-cup-final-man-of-the-match-award-winners-full-list-of-players-stats-performances-records/article68347792.ece |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli scored 151 runs in the 8 matches India played. After India's win, Kohli announced his retirement from T20Is, saying that this was his last T20 game playing for India and it was the time for the next generation to take over.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kohli retires from T20 internationals after winning World Cup title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virat-kohli-retires-from-t20-internationals-after-winning-world-cup-title-1441524 |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=ESPNcricinfo |date=29 June 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-29 |title=Virat Kohli announces retirement from T20 cricket after lifting the Man of the Match trophy in the World Cup – CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/sports/virat-kohli-annouces-retirement-from-t20-cricket-after-lifting-the-man-of-the-match-in-icc-t20-world-cup-19435911.htm |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Overall, he had a below-average 2024, scoring only 655 runs in 23 matches with an average of 21.83 and just one century.<br /> <br /> In [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025 ICC Champion's trophy]] match against [[India–Pakistan cricket rivalry|Pakistan]], following his unbeaten 100 against Pakistan, he scored 84 runs off 98 balls, the most for India in the semi-final match against Australia, helping India win by four wickets.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-04 |title=Kohli's 84 sends India into Champions Trophy final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2024-25-1459031/australia-vs-india-1st-semi-final-1466426/match-report |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=ESPN Cricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This victory secured India's spot in the [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy final|final]] He also surpassed Tendulkar's record for most 50-plus scores in ICC ODI tournaments, with 24 scores to his name, along with being India's top run-scorer in the tournament's history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-04 |title=Virat Kohli re-writes record books with match-winning knock against Australia, becomes India's top run-getter in Champions Trophy history |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-champions-trophy-2025/virat-kohli-re-writes-record-books-with-match-winning-knock-against-australia-becomes-indias-top-run-getter-in-champions-trophy-history/articleshow/118715883.cms |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Overall Kohli had a solid performance in the 2025 ICC Champions Trophy, scoring 217 runs over four matches. However, in the [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy Final|final]] match against New Zealand, he was dismissed for just 1 run.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=IND vs NZ Cricket Scorecard, Final at Dubai, March 09, 2025 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2024-25-1459031/india-vs-new-zealand-final-1466428/full-scorecard |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=ESPN Cricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nonetheless, India went on to win the tournament by four wickets. For his performances, he was named in team of the tournament by ICC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=Rohit Sharma's India win Champions Trophy, outclass New Zealand in battle of grit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/champions-trophy-india-vs-new-zealand-final-rohit-sharma-crowned-champion-dubai-spinners-2691266-2025-03-09 |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, on 12 May 2025, he announced his retirement from the Test format with the fifth test of 2024-25 Border-Gavaskar Trophy played in [[Sydney Cricket Ground|Sydney]] being his last Test match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=12 May 2025 |title=Virat Kohli retires from Test cricket with immediate effect, bows out as India's fourth-highest run scorer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/virat-kohli-retires-from-test-cricket-with-immediate-effect-bows-out-as-indias-fourth-highest-run-scorer-101746855689461.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 May 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> Following his Test retirement, the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2025–26|three-match ODI series against Australia]] in October 2025 saw Kohli initially struggle, as he registered two consecutive ducks in the first two matches of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/australia-vs-india-2025/first-time-in-17-years-virat-kohli-achieves-unwanted-feat-with-consecutive-odi-ducks-against-australia-9501286|title=First Time In 17 Years: Virat Kohli Achieves Unwanted Feat With Consecutive ODI Ducks Against Australia|website=[[NDTV Sports]]|date=23 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, he bounced back in the final ODI at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground|SCG]] in [[Sydney]], scoring a match-winning, unbeaten 74* off 81 deliveries forming a crucial unbeaten 168 run partnership with [[Rohit Sharma]] to help India secure a nine-wicket victory.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2025-26-1478882/australia-vs-india-3rd-odi-1478906/full-scorecard |title=Australia vs India, 3rd ODI at Sydney, AUS vs IND, Oct 25 2025 - Full Scorecard|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |date=25 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the [[South African cricket team in India in 2025–26|three-match ODI series against South Africa]] at home, Kohli achieved multiple world records in that series. In the first match at Ranchi, he scored 135 off 120 deliveries which was his 52nd century in a single format (ODIs), breaking Sachin Tendulkar's record of 49 ODI centuries. He followed this with his 53rd ODI century scoring 102 off 93 deliveries in the 2nd match at [[Raipur]] extending his world record for the most instances of scoring back-to-back ODI centuries to 11. Kohli finished the series as the leading run-scorer with 302 runs at an exceptional average of 151, culminating in an unbeaten 65* off 45 in the decider in [[Visakhapatnam]] and earning him the [[Player of the Series awards (cricket)#Most Player of the Series awards|Player of the Series]] award for a record-extending 12th time in his ODI career helping India to win the series 2-1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Virat Kohli Shatters Sachin Tendulkar's All-Time 'Centuries Record', Scripts History |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-south-africa-2025-india/virat-kohli-breaks-sachin-tendulkars-world-record-with-52nd-hundred-in-odi-cricket-9725178 |website=[[NDTV Sports]] |date=November 30, 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/without-virat-kohli-cricket-is-nothing-another-heros-performance-from-india-no-18-shakes-up-the-internet/articleshow/125745317.cms|title='Without Virat Kohli, cricket is nothing': Another hero's performance from India No. 18 shakes up the internet|website=[[The Times Of India]] |date=3 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Virat Kohli Slams 53rd ODI Century, Moves One Step Closer To Sachin Tendulkar's World Record |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-south-africa-2025-india/virat-kohli-slams-53rd-odi-century-moves-one-step-closer-to-sachin-tendulkars-world-record-9743621 |publisher=[[NDTV Sports]] |date=December 3, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=IND vs SA LIVE Score: Kohli bags Player of the Series Award! |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-south-africa-2025-india/india-vs-south-africa-3rd-odi-live-score-south-africa-tour-of-india-ind-vs-sa-live-cricket-scorecard-ball-by-ball-updates-kohli-rohit-gambhir-9761007#ind-vs-sa-live-score-kohli-bags-player-of-the-series-award |website=[[NDTV Sports]] |date=December 6, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Later Years (2026{{Endash}}present)===<br /> Virat Kohli began 2026 with scores of 93, 23 and 124 in the ODI series against [[New Zealand national cricket team]]. He was named Player of the Match for his 93 in the opening ODI and scored 124 in the series-deciding match. However, it went in vain as India lost by 41 runs.<br /> <br /> == Franchise career ==<br /> === Royal Challengers Bangalore ===<br /> In 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) introduced the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), a franchise-based Twenty20 league. Among the franchises, [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]], owned by [[Vijay Mallya]] at the time, selected Kohli to join their team for a sum of {{USD|50000|round=0|long=no}} through a draft. This decision was influenced by Kohli's performance in the Under-19 World Cup held in Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title='I remember the day…': Virat Kohli recalls crazy IPL auction in 2008 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-recalls-crazy-ipl-auction-in-2008-7751993/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507070341/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-recalls-crazy-ipl-auction-in-2008-7751993/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== 2008{{Endash}}2009: Early seasons ====<br /> In the inaugural match of the IPL, Kohli played in a high-stakes encounter against the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]], where he fell early to a dismissal, contributing a single run to the team's pursuit of a target of 223 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=High on entertainment |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/high-on-entertainment-346942 |access-date=2009-05-07 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507070341/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/high-on-entertainment-346942 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; As the tournament progressed, Kohli found himself occupying a position in the [[Middle-order|middle order]], but his impact in this role was relatively limited, prompting a strategic decision to reinstate him at the [[Top-order batsman|top order]] during the match against the [[Deccan Chargers|Deccan Charges]]. It was in this role that he rediscovered his form and made contributions to his team's cause.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangalore fight back to clinch thriller |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-deccan-chargers-21st-match-336034/match-report |access-date=2009-04-07 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507070341/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-deccan-chargers-21st-match-336034/match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the last two games of the tournament, Kohli had to sacrifice his preferred position in order to accommodate [[Misbah-ul-Haq]], taking on the responsibility of batting in the middle order once again.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangalore seal seventh place with five-wicket win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/deccan-chargers-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-51st-match-336002/match-report |access-date=2009-05-16 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507070341/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/deccan-chargers-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-51st-match-336002/match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Concluding the [[2008 Indian Premier League|season]], Kohli's individual performance yielded a total of 165 runs, as Bangalore secured the seventh position on the points table.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League Points Table {{!}} Indian Premier League Standings {{!}} Indian Premier League Ranking |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/points-table-standings |access-date=2010-09-07 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507070343/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2007-08-313494/points-table-standings |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> In the subsequent [[2009 Indian Premier League|season]], Kohli encountered a series of low scores in the initial two matches before bouncing back with a half-century in the third match against Deccan Chargers, in team's defeat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=22 Apr 2009 |title=Gilchrist and Rohit shine in win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-deccan-chargers-8th-match-392188/match-report |access-date=2009-08-14 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507090505/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-deccan-chargers-8th-match-392188/match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Throughout the remainder of the season, Kohli displayed moderate performances or found limited opportunities to bat, owing to the dominance of top-order batsmen [[Jacques Kallis]] and [[Ross Taylor]]. This proved advantageous for the team, as they secured a spot in the playoffs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 May 2009 |title=Classy Kallis keeps Bangalore alive |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-delhi-daredevils-52nd-match-392232/match-report |access-date=2023-05-07 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507090507/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-delhi-daredevils-52nd-match-392232/match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[2009 Indian Premier League#Playoffs|semi-final]] against [[Chennai Super Kings]], Kohli made crucial contributions to the team's successful chase, propelling Bangalore to the final.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=23 May 2009 |title=Efficient Bangalore outplay Chennai |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-2nd-semi-final-392238/match-report |access-date=2023-05-07 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In [[2009 Indian Premier League final|final]] against Deccan Charges, Kohli got stumped for 7 as Bangalore fell short by a margin of 8 runs, thus concluding the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore in 2009|season]] as runners-up.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=24 May 2009 |title=Young and old thrive for Deccan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/young-and-old-thrive-for-deccan-405907 |access-date=2023-05-07 |work=ESPNcricinfo |place=Johannesburg |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== 2010{{Endash}}2012: Rise, retention and realization ====<br /> In the [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010 season]] of the IPL, Kohli, assuming the role of vice-captain for the Bangalore, was positioned strategically in the middle order. He augmented Bangalore's batting depth and made notable contributions to the team's success. Notably, his contribution was observed during a victory over the [[Kings XI Punjab]], where he played an instrumental role in concluding the match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Binoy |first=George |date=16 March 2010 |title=Galloping hares and timely time-outs |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/plays-of-the-day-galloping-hares-and-timely-time-outs-452214 |access-date=2010-06-09 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> His cameos in away fixtures against the Chennai Super Kings&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 Mar 2010 |title=Chennai v Bangalore, IPL 2010, Chennai |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/chennai-v-bangalore-ipl-2010-chennai-454206 |access-date=2012-06-19 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Kings XI Punjab, forging valuable partnerships, particularly with Kevin Pietersen, were crucial.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Siddarth |date=2 Apr 2010 |title=Another loss for sloppy Punjab |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/kings-xi-punjab-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-31st-match-419136/match-report |access-date=2013-03-24 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli's standout performance came in futile encounter against the Deccan Chargers, where he scored 58 runs at a strike rate of 165.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 Apr 2010 |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore v Deccan Chargers, Bangalore |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/royal-challengers-bangalore-v-deccan-chargers-bangalore-455274 |access-date=2010-06-11 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the season progressed, Kohli's fielding prowess also came to the fore, augmenting his contribution to the team's cause.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 Apr 2010 |title=Kohli's perfect aim, and KP's folly |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-s-perfect-aim-and-kp-s-folly-456832 |access-date=2010-09-09 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Upon securing a place in the playoffs, the Bangalore team confronted [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[2010 Indian Premier League#Semi-final 1|semi-final]]. Bangalore suffered a setback, succumbing to a defeat margin of 35 runs, as Kohli's contribution was limited to a tally of 7 runs in Bangalore's total, thereby ending Bangalore's campaign in the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 Apr 2010 |title=Settled Mumbai no one-man show |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/settled-mumbai-no-one-man-show-456848 |access-date=2013-06-09 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[Champions League Twenty20]] held in September, the Bangalore team found themselves in an encounter against the Mumbai Indians. In pursuit of a target of 165 runs, Kohli played a steady innings, contributing 47 runs. The match came down to the final ball, which resulted in Kohli's dismissal, leading to Bangalore falling short by a margin of 2 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=19 Sep 2010 |title=Kumble's scowl and Kohli's agony |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/champions-league-twenty20-2010-kumble-s-scowl-and-kohli-s-agony-477870 |access-date=2020-06-22 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a consequence, their upcoming game against the [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] became a virtual knockout match. In this must-win encounter, Kohli scored 49* runs, guiding his team to victory and securing a place in the semi-finals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=21 Sep 2010 |title=Kohli, Kumble take Bangalore to semis |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/lions-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-18th-match-group-b-465136/match-report |access-date=2011-06-05 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the semi-final clash against the Chennai Super Kings, Bangalore faced a significant defeat of 52 runs(D/L method).<br /> <br /> Prior to the [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011 season]] of the IPL, Kohli was the sole player retained by Bangalore, for an amount of {{USD|1.8 million}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=K.C. Vijaya |date=2011-04-07 |title=RCB sports a brand new look |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/RCB-sports-a-brand-new-look/article14674181.ece |access-date=2013-06-29 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the opening match against the [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]], Kohli started his campaign with a score of 23 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2011-04-09 |title=De Villiers guides Royal Challengers home |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/De-Villiers-guides-Royal-Challengers-home/article14677158.ece |access-date=2013-06-29 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; He registered his first half-century of the season against the Deccan Chargers, in pursuit of what was then the second-highest run chase, however Bangalore fell short by 33 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gollapudi |first=Nagraj |date=14 Apr 2011 |title=Deccan charge to maiden home victory |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2011-466304/deccan-chargers-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-11th-match-501208/match-report |access-date=2011-06-29 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; After lacklustre start for Bangalore, winning two out of their first six matches, Kohli scored 56 runs in the next match against the [[Delhi Daredevils]], and was awarded the player of the match for the first time in the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Rakesh |date=2011-04-26 |title=RCB rides on Virat Kohli's assault |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/RCB-rides-on-Virat-Kohlis-assault/article14697919.ece |access-date=2013-09-29 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the subsequent match, he continued his form against the [[Pune Warriors India|Pune Warriors]], where he claimed his second player of the match award. It was during this match that Kohli became the leading run-scorer of the season, donning the [[Orange Cap|Orange cap]] for the short time, and he also surpassed the milestone of 1000 runs in the IPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2011-04-30 |title=Happy to get the Orange Cap: Kohli |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |publication-place=Bangalore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Happy-to-get-the-Orange-Cap-Kohli/article14906712.ece |access-date=2012-06-24 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the mid-tournament, with regular captain [[Daniel Vettori]] sustaining an injury, Kohli had the opportunity to captain his side for the first time in an IPL match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |author-link=Vijay Lokapally |date=2011-05-11 |title=RCB cruises to its sixth win in-a-row |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/rcb-cruises-to-its-sixth-win-inarow/article2009768.ece |access-date=2023-06-29 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Team's coach, [[Ray Jennings]] praised Kohli for his efforts, acknowledged his potential to become the future captain not only of the franchise but also of the Indian national team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-04-07 |title=Jennings determined to win IPL |url=https://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/22453249/ray-jennings-determined-win-ipl |access-date=2012-09-22 |website=[[ESPN]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The team ended their league stage campaign on a high note, defeating the Chennai Super Kings and securing the top position on the points table.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=K.C. Vijaya |date=2011-05-22 |title=Bangalore leapfrogs Chennai into first place |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/bangalore-leapfrogs-chennai-into-first-place/article2040138.ece |access-date=2013-06-19 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[2011 Indian Premier League#Qualifier 1|first qualifier]], Kohli scored 70 off 44 balls. Setting a target of 175 runs, Bangalore failed to defend, resulting in knockout match against the Mumbai Indians.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumble |first=Anil |author-link=Anil Kumble |date=2011-05-26 |title=RCB has a very good chance |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/rcb-has-a-very-good-chance/article2052077.ece |access-date=2012-09-29 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the knockout match, Bangalore triumphed over Mumbai, securing their place in the IPL final for the second time. In the [[2011 Indian Premier League final|final]], chasing a target of 205 runs, Kohli contributed 35 runs to the team's total. However, Bangalore once again fell short in their pursuit of the title.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 May 2011 |title=Chennai Super Kings win IPL again |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC Sport]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/13589283 |access-date=2013-06-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the season, Kohli amassed 557 runs, including four half-centuries, and earning the distinction of being the second-highest run-scorer of the season, trailing West-Indian teammate [[Chris Gayle]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2012-04-05 |title=Relaxed Kohli ready for the action |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/relaxed-kohli-ready-for-the-action/article3284962.ece |access-date= |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the Champions League, Bangalore encountered a defeat in their first match against the [[Warriors (cricket team)|Warriors]]. In the following match, Kohli got dismissed for a duck, leading to another loss for Bangalore. To secure a spot in the semi-finals, they needed to win their remaining two matches. In their last group-stage match against the [[Southern Redbacks]], Kohli showcased his aggressive batting by scoring 70 runs off just 36 balls, propelling Bangalore into the semi-finals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Siddarth |date=5 Oct 2011 |title='The best T20 match of my life' – Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/royal-challengers-v-south-australia-clt20-bangalore-the-best-t20-match-of-my-life-virat-kohli-535258 |access-date=2012-10-19 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the semi-final clash against the [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales Blues]], Kohli once again played match-winning innings, scoring an unbeaten 84 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=7 Oct 2011 |title=RCB rip through second consecutive 200-plus target |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nokia-champions-league-t20-2011-12-519661/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-new-south-wales-1st-semi-final-521347/match-report |access-date=2012-06-29 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the final showdown against the Mumbai Indians, Bangalore suffered a defeat by a margin of 31 runs.<br /> In the [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012 season]] of the IPL, Kohli registered single-digit scores in the first two matches before bouncing back in the third match against the Chennai Super Kings, scoring 57 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moonda |first=Firdose |date=12 Apr 2012 |title=Morkel blitz blindsides Bangalore |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-13th-match-548318/match-report |access-date=2013-09-20 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He struggled to maintain consistency in subsequent matches, reaching a total of 165 runs by the ninth game.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Siddarth |date=1 May 2012 |title=Punjab target another away upset |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-kings-xi-punjab-44th-match-548350/match-preview |access-date=2013-09-15 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli did manage to contribute 45 runs in the following match against the Kings XI Punjab to his team's cause.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumara |first=K.C. Vijaya |date=2012-05-02 |title=Kings survive chaotic running to overcome RCB |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/kings-survive-chaotic-running-to-overcome-rcb/article3377809.ece |access-date=2013-10-30 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the season progressed, ineffectiveness of Bangalore's captain, Daniel Vettori, as a player led to a strategic alteration. Vettori made the decision to step down as captain and handed the leadership role to Kohli for the remaining matches of the season.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chidananda |first=Shreedutta |date=2012-05-06 |title=de Villiers muscles RCB to a vital win |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/de-villiers-muscles-rcb-to-a-vital-win/article3390859.ece |access-date=2013-10-15 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; His breakthrough performance in the season came during the match against the Delhi Daredevils where he scored 73* and formed a record-breaking partnership of 203 runs with his teammate Gayle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Rakesh |date=2012-05-17 |title=Gayle and Kohli put it beyond Delhi Daredevils |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/gayle-and-kohli-put-it-beyond-delhi-daredevils/article3429925.ece |access-date=2013-10-15 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In their final match of the season, Bangalore faced the Deccan Chargers with the necessity of must-win to qualify for the playoffs. Kohli contributed 42 runs to the team's chase before being dismissed in the 16th over. His dismissal triggered a collapse in Bangalore's batting order, resulting in their eventual defeat and elimination from the tournament during the group stage.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 May 2012 |title=Poor shot selection cost us – Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/deccan-chargers-v-royal-challengers-bangalore-poor-shot-selection-cost-us-playoff-spot-kohli-565648 |access-date=2013-10-17 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the season, Kohli accumulated a total of 364 runs, garnered over the course of 16 matches. He returned from the League with a sense of disillusionment with his own performance and was dissatisfied with the state of his game. He recognized the need for improvement and adaptation to the evolving dynamics of cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Narayan |first=Manoj |date=2020-07-30 |title=Virat Kohli Reveals 'Mad' Eating Habits Before Transformation |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/i-was-eating-like-a-mad-person-kohli-used-to-consume-40-toffee-eclairs-in-four-days |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== 2013{{Endash}}2014: Leadership role and tribulations in batting ====<br /> Following Vettori's retirement, Kohli assumed the role of full-time captain for the Bangalore team starting from the [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013 season]] of the IPL. Prior to the commencement of this season, he was highest run-scorer for Bangalore with a tally of 1,639 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=K.C. Vijaya |date=2013-03-27 |title=RCB all set to give a royal challenge to the other teams |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/rcb-all-set-to-give-a-royal-challenge-to-the-other-teams/article4555351.ece |access-date=2013-07-01 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli embarked on the tournament with a consistent start, but suffered a loss against the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in an away game.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |date=7 Apr 2013 |title=Sunrisers clinch Super Over victory |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/sunrisers-hyderabad-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-7th-match-598004/match-report |access-date=2013-07-01 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In their subsequent home match, once again against Hyderabad, Kohli scored unbeaten 93 while chasing, marking his highest individual score in Twenty20 cricket at that time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-04-09 |title=Man on mission Virat Kohli scores 93* in IPL run chase |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/on-this-day-man-on-mission-virat-kohli-93-ipl-run-chase-6354563/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Continuing his form, Kohli went on to score back-to-back fifties in the matches against the Chennai Super Kings and the Delhi Daredevils, the latter of which was decided through a [[Super Over|super over]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chidananda |first=Shreedutta |date=2013-04-16 |title=RCB pulls off a thrilling victory in the Super Over |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl2013/rcb-pulls-off-a-thrilling-victory-in-the-super-over/article4623853.ece |access-date=2013-07-01 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; After a defeat against the Mumbai Indians, Kohli found himself embroiled in a disagreement with the crowd due to their aggressive demeanour towards the visiting team at the [[Wankhede Stadium]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-04-28 |title=IPL fans forget I play for India too: Kohli |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl2013/ipl-fans-forget-i-play-for-india-too-kohli/article4662843.ece |access-date=2013-07-16 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the mid-season approached, Kohli encountered a dip in his performance, managing 45 runs in four innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Rachna |date=2 May 2013 |title=Royal Challengers look for 'away' surge |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/pune-warriors-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-46th-match-598042/match-preview |access-date=2013-07-01 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He bounced back during the away game against Delhi, where he came close to achieving a century, scoring 99 before being run out on the final delivery.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-10 |title=Virat Kohli steals show in RCB win |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/ipl-2013-virat-kohli-steals-show-in-rcb-win/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2013-07-01 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |place=New Delhi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; With a strong start to the season that saw Bangalore occupying the top position in the table, the team's performance waned in the latter half of the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Kanishkaa |date=17 May 2013 |title=Royal Challengers in must-win situation |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2013-586733/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-chennai-super-kings-70th-match-598068/match-preview |access-date=2013-07-01 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli openly addressed the issue, attributing their decline to a lack of execution by the bowling unit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 May 2013 |title=Kohli concerned after another RCB bowling failure |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-concerned-after-another-rcb-bowling-failure-635962 |access-date=2013-07-01 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a bid to keep their playoff hopes alive, Bangalore confronted a must-win scenario in their final match against Chennai. Opening the innings, Kohli scored an unbeaten 56 in a rain-affected match, ultimately leading his team to victory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-18 |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore stay in hunt beating Chennai Super Kings by 24 runs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/ipl-2013-royal-challengers-bangalore-stay-in-hunt-beating-chennai-super-kings-by-24-runs/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2013-07-11 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Bangalore's hopes were shattered when the Hyderabad secured a win over the Kolkata Knight Riders, dashing their chances of advancing to the playoffs. As a result, [[Royal Challengers Bangalore in 2013|Bangalore's season]] came to an end during the group stage.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Antony |first=A. Joseph |date=2013-05-19 |title=Sunrisers Hyderabad seals its spot in the play-offs |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl2013/sunrisers-hyderabad-seals-its-spot-in-the-playoffs/article4730377.ece |access-date=2014-09-26 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Prior to the [[2014 Indian Premier League|seventh season]] of the IPL, Kohli was retained by Bangalore for {{INRConvert|12.5|c}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-01-09 |title=RCB retain Virat Kohli, Chris Gayle and AB de Villiers for Indian Premier League 2014 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/1957374/rcb-retain-virat-kohli-chris-gayle-and-ab-de-villiers-for-indian-premier-league-2014/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2014-07-03 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His campaign commenced with an unbeaten score of 49 runs in a victorious encounter against the Delhi Daredevils.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Antony |first=A. Joseph |date=2014-04-17 |title=Daredevils pose no challenge to RCB |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2014/daredevils-pose-no-challenge-to-rcb/article5922756.ece |access-date=2014-07-03 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Kohli struggled to maintain his form and faced a dismissal without scoring in the second match. In a match against the [[Rajasthan Royals]], Bangalore's batting lineup faltered, resulting in them being bowled out for 70, then third-lowest total in IPL history. Kohli contributed 21 runs to the team's total in that particular match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Antony |first=A. Joseph |date=2014-04-26 |title=Royals dish out a royal thumping to RCB |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2014/royals-dish-out-a-royal-thumping-to-rcb/article5951519.ece |access-date=2023-07-03 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bangalore heavily relied on the performances of Gayle and Kohli in their batting lineup, but neither of them had managed a significant innings thus far in the season.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-05-12 |title=Royal Challengers seek to outwit beleaguered Delhi |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2014/royal-challengers-seek-to-outwit-beleaguered-delhi/article6001037.ece |access-date=2014-07-03 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli's struggles persisted as he recorded his third duck of the season in a match against the Kings XI Punjab.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Krishnaswamy |first=Karthik |date=9 May 2014 |title=Kohli's déjà vu |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virat-kohli-s-d-j-vu-743295 |access-date=2014-07-03 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In an effort to address the batting woes, Kohli made the decision to alter his batting position and open the innings; however, this adjustment did not yield the desired outcome.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Purohit |first=Abhishek |date=11 May 2014 |title=Gayle walks and dives |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gayle-walks-and-dives-743795 |access-date=2014-07-03 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; With Bangalore losing six out of their nine games, Kohli had yet to reach the milestone of scoring a half-century. Meanwhile, the team was striving to secure victories in their remaining matches in order to qualify for the playoffs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot; /&gt; In his twelfth game of the season against the Sunrisers Hyderabad, Kohli achieved his first fifty of the season. However, the subsequent defeat to the Kolkata Knight Riders, with Kohli contributing 38 runs before being dismissed by [[Sunil Narine]] for the second time, led to Bangalore's elimination from playoff contention for the third consecutive time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Amitabha Das |date=2014-05-22 |title=KKR storms into play-offs |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2014/kkr-storms-into-playoffs/article6037862.ece |access-date=2014-07-07 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In their final match of the season against the Chennai Super Kings, Kohli showcased his best performance of the season, accumulating 73 runs. However, Bangalore suffered a defeat in that match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=K. C. Vijaya |date=2014-05-24 |title=Du Plessis, Dhoni plunder RCB attack as CSK wins by 8 wickets |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2014/du-plessis-dhoni-plunder-rcb-attack-as-csk-wins-by-8-wickets/article6044329.ece |access-date=2014-07-13 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite the team's challenges, Kohli's popularity continued to soar, making him the most-searched player on the [[internet]] during the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-05-07 |title=Kohli is most searched IPL player this season |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2014/kohli-is-most-searched-ipl-player-this-season/article5985350.ece |access-date=2014-07-13 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== 2015{{Endash}}2016: Collective and individual success ====<br /> [[File:Virat Kohli at the 2015 IPL opening ceremony (cropped).jpg|thumb|160x160px|Kohli as the captain of [[Royal Challengers Bangalore|RCB]] at [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015 IPL]] Opening Ceremony|left]]<br /> At the outset of the [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015 season]] of the IPL, Kohli expressed his optimism about playing with reduced pressure, attributing it to the strengthened middle order of the Bangalore team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-04-06 |title=RCB batting depth will allow AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle and me to bat freely: Virat Kohli |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/2335761/rcb-batting-depth-will-allow-ab-de-villiers-chris-gayle-and-me-to-bat-freely-virat-kohli/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2017-08-12 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |quote=This season is pretty different for us because for the last three or maybe four years myself, Chris and AB have played under a lot of pressure because the batting revolved around the three of us.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli strategically decided to open the batting alongside Gayle for the season. In the second match against the Sunrisers Hyderabad, he scored 41 runs, providing a moderate start to his campaign.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Achal |first=Ashwin |date=2015-04-13 |title=SunRisers win by 8 wickets |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |publication-place=Bengaluru |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/Live-IPL-scores-Royal-Challengers-Bangalore-vs.-SunRisers-Hyderabad/article60329044.ece |access-date=2017-07-12 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Continuing his form, Kohli achieved his first half-century of the season, albeit in a match that ended in defeat against the Chennai Super Kings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Achal |first=Ashwin |date=2015-04-22 |title=Super Kings register another facile win |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/Super-Kings-register-another-facile-win/article60145563.ece |access-date=2017-07-14 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the subsequent match, Kohli again notched a fifty, leading Bangalore to victory and ending their three-match losing streak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-04-25 |title=We wanted this sort of performance: Virat Kohli |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/2352178/we-wanted-this-sort-of-a-performance-virat-kohli/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |quote=This might be a momentum change for us. It's a well-earned and timely win for us |agency=[[Press Trust Of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; During this match, he promoted [[AB de Villiers]] up the batting order, recognizing the importance of having the team's premier batsman face more deliveries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Rakesh |date=2015-04-25 |title=Intriguing contest between teams battling inconsistency |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/ipl-2015-dd-and-rcb-intriguing-contest-between-teams-battling-inconsistency/article7141950.ece |access-date=2017-07-12 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bangalore, looking to overcome their previous struggles in the bowling department, successfully bowled out the Delhi Daredevils for 95 runs, while Kohli guided his team to a ten-wicket victory during the chase.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Purohit |first=Abhishek |date=26 Apr 2015 |title=RCB seamers rout DD for 95 in big win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-indian-premier-league-2015-791129/delhi-daredevils-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-26th-match-829757/match-report |access-date=2017-07-12 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in an away game against Chennai, Kohli fell short of reaching a half-century, scoring 48 runs before being run out by [[Dwayne Bravo]] due to a momentary lapse in judgment. Bangalore's loss in that match marked the end of their winning streak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-05 |title=Sensational Dwayne Bravo gives CSK win in low-scorer against RCB |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/2359656/csk-vs-rcb-sensational-dwayne-bravo-gives-csk-win-in-low-scorer-against-rcb/ |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His standout innings of the season came against the Mumbai Indians, where he played a knock of 82 runs, forming a then record partnership of 215 runs with de Villiers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-11 |author=Bharat Sundaresan |title=AB de Villiers magical 59-ball 133* sets up big win for RCB over MI |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/2364529/ipl-live-score-rcb-vs-mi-2/ |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |publication-place=Mumbai |agency=[[Express Web Desk]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a rain-affected match against the Hyderabad, with a target of 83 runs to chase in six overs, Kohli scored quickfire 44 off 19 balls, earning him player of the match award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lucas |first=Dan |date=2015-05-15 |title=Virat Kohli proves the hero in Bangalore's victory over Hyderabad |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/may/15/ipl-sunrisers-hyderabad-royal-challengers-bangalore-match-report |access-date=2020-10-22 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the subsequent game, Kohli found himself entangled in an incident involving an anti-corruption code breach. Nonetheless, he managed to continue playing due to breach's absence of severity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2015-05-19 |title=Virat Kohli let off after anti-corruption code breach |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/ipl-2015-virat-kohli-let-off-after-anti-corruption-code-breach/articleshow/47345686.cms |access-date=2017-07-30 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qualifying for the playoffs for the first time under his captaincy, Kohli held firm confidence in the turnaround his team had showcased during the later stages of the league.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Abhitabha Das |date=2015-05-21 |title=Resurgent RCB will pose CSK a stiff challenge |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/resurgent-rcb-will-pose-csk-a-stiff-challenge/article7232253.ece |access-date=2017-07-30 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the [[2015 Indian Premier League#Qualifier 2|qualifier 2]] against Chennai, Kohli's dismissal for 12 runs proved detrimental to Bangalore's chances, resulting in their defeat and the conclusion of their campaign for the season. Throughout the season, Kohli accumulated a total of 505 runs in 16 matches with an average of 45.90, then third-highest run tally achieved by him in a single season.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Muller |first=Antoinette |date=23 May 2015 |title=Breaking Down Virat Kohli's IPL 2015 Season with Royal Challengers Bangalore |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2473961-breaking-down-virat-kohlis-ipl-2015-season-with-royal-challengers-bangalore |access-date=2015-07-22 |website=[[Bleacher Report]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[2016 Indian Premier League|2016 season]] of the IPL, Kohli's campaign began with 75 runs, contributing to a victory of 45 runs against the Sunrisers Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Muthu |first=Alagappan |date=12 Apr 2016 |title=Warped by Kohli-ABD stand, Sunrisers strategy Fizz-les out |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/alagappan-muthu-warped-by-virat-kohli-ab-de-villiers-stand-sunrisers-strategy-fizz-les-out-997435 |access-date=2017-07-10 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He continued his run in the subsequent match, scoring 79 runs. Throughout the early matches, Kohli consistently achieved the milestone of scoring half-centuries in three out of the four matches he played, while sharing three century partnerships with de Villiers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-22 |title=RCB beat RPS by 13 runs at Pune |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/live-cricket-score-ipl-2016-rps-vs-rcb-2016-ipl-live-cricket-streaming-rising-pune-supergiants-royal-challengers-bangalore-live-score-pune-2765834/ |access-date=2017-07-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the encounter against the [[Gujarat Lions]], he registered his first century in Twenty20 cricket. Although the match ended in defeat for his team, Kohli's knock earned him the player of the match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Abraham |first=Derek |date=2016-04-24 |title=Lions well and truly spoil Kohli's party |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/Lions-well-and-truly-spoil-Kohli%E2%80%99s-party/article14255360.ece |access-date=2017-07-14 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite Kohli's performances, Bangalore struggled in the league stage, securing only two victories out of their seven matches and finding themselves in the seventh position on the points table.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-05-07 |title=Bangalore face resurgent Pune |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ipl-2016-rcb-face-resurgent-supergiants-2788194/ |access-date=2017-07-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To revive their chances of qualifying for the playoffs, Bangalore needed to win six out of their next seven matches. In the subsequent match, Kohli scored a century in a successful chase against [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] as Bangalore's virtual knockouts began.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-05-08 |title=One-man army Virat Kohli powers eleven |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohlis-second-ton-of-ipl-2016-steals-show-in-rcbs-seven-wicket-win-over-pune-2789343/ |access-date=2017-07-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He continued to deliver match-winning performances, forming a record partnership of 229 runs with de Villiers against the Gujarat,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Achal |first=Ashwin |date=2016-05-14 |title=de Villiers, Kohli leave Lions shell-shocked |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/de-Villiers-Kohli-leave-Lions-shell-shocked/article60380826.ece |access-date=2017-07-20 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by playing a knock of 75* against the Kolkata Knight Riders.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Amitabha Das |date=2016-05-16 |title=Royal Challengers ride on Kohli's brilliance |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/Royal-Challengers-ride-on-Kohli%E2%80%99s-brilliance/article14324680.ece |access-date=2017-07-14 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a rain-affected match against the Kings XI Punjab, Kohli achieved his fourth century of the season, surpassing the milestone of 4,000 runs in the league.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chakrabarty |first=Shamik |date=2016-05-19 |title=In short, Virat Kohli is Don Bradman |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-in-short-is-don-bradman/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2016-07-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His batting drew high praise from [[Harsha Bhogle]], who lauded his technical proficiency and shot-making.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhogle |first=Harsha |author-link=Harsha Bhogle |date=2016-05-19 |title=When I saw grace, class, perfection in Kohli |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-when-i-saw-grace-class-and-perfection-in-virat-kohlis-batting-2807857/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2016-07-14 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli's consistent performances propelled Bangalore to the playoffs, as he scored four consecutive fifty-plus scores in must-win matches and finished the league stage with tally of 919 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ganeshan |first=Uthra |date=2016-05-22 |title=Kohli in the forefront again as RCB qualifies |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/Kohli-in-the-forefront-again-as-RCB-qualifies/article60511142.ece |access-date=2016-07-22 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the playoffs, Bangalore faced Gujarat in the [[2016 Indian Premier League#Qualifier 1|first qualifier]]. Kohli was dismissed for a duck in that match, however his team emerged victorious, setting up a [[2016 Indian Premier League final|final]] against the Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sudarshan |first=N. |date=2016-05-24 |title=Royal Challengers' spectacular comeback continues |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/royal-challengers-spectacular-comeback-continues/article8642127.ece |access-date=2017-07-20 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli contributed 54 runs in Bangalore's pursuit of target of 209 in the final. Notwithstanding, Bangalore fell short by a margin of 8 runs, leaving him to acknowledge the Hyderabad team's performance and express his gratitude to the Bangalore crowd for their support.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-05-29 |title=Sunrisers won because of strong bowling attack, says Kohli |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/RCB-captain-Virat-Kohli-on-Sunrisers-win-in-IPL-2016/article60404124.ece |access-date=2017-08-19 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli concluded the season with record 973 runs in 16 matches, at an average of 81.08, establishing himself as the highest run-scorer of the tournament and claiming Orange Cap with the title of Most Valuable Player.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-05-30 |title=Virat Kohli: prolific run-getter in IPL history |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/Virat-Kohli-prolific-run-getter-in-IPL-history/article59782485.ece |access-date=2020-03-25 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Team's coach, Vettori, praised Kohli for his contributions, stating:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-05-30 |title=Virat has been phenomenal, says Daniel Vettori |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/virat-kohli-has-been-phenomenal-says-daniel-vettori/article8669112.ece |access-date=2017-07-14 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote|text=Virat has been phenomenal. When you have got a guy at the top of the order who takes that much control and his performances are that great, it allows things to flow from there. Obviously a great captain does that — leads with his performance and he has been exceptional not only with his batting, but also fielding and leadership.}}<br /> <br /> ==== 2017{{Endash}}2019: Fluctuating form and captaincy struggles ====<br /> In the lead-up to the [[2017 Indian Premier League|tenth season]] of the IPL, Kohli grappled with a shoulder injury, which sidelined him for the initial three fixtures of the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-28 |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore likely to miss injured Virat Kohli |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/did-virat-kohli-just-confirm-he-will-miss-indian-premier-league-s-early-part/story-4uYI9WcA2T0Gx9iO3DRSpO.html |access-date=2018-03-24 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Upon his return in the fourth match against the Mumbai Indians, he scored 62 runs, albeit in a defeat for Bangalore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sundaresan |first=Bharat |date=2017-04-15 |title=Mumbai Indians' escape artists |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ipl-2017-10/ipl-2017-mumbais-escape-artists-rcb-pandya-pollard-4613560/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2018-03-25 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following this performance, Kohli delivered moderately in the subsequent two matches. However, in the face-off against the Kolkata Knight Riders, Kohli faced a setback after being dismissed for a duck as Bangalore stumbled to league's lowest score of 49 runs. He promptly criticized the batting display as reckless.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-04-23 |title=Kohli slams RCB's 'reckless batting' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-slams-rcb-s-reckless-batting-1094294 |access-date=2018-03-26 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the encounter against the Rising Pune Supergiant, Kohli contributed 55 runs to his team's total of 96 runs. Expressing disappointment, Kohli attributed the team's struggles to a lack of intent and a fearful batting approach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 Apr 2017 |title=Kohli fumes at lack of intent, fear of failure |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-fumes-at-lack-of-intent-fear-of-failure-1095229 |access-date=2018-03-30 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; With Bangalore facing defeat in seven out of their ten matches, their hopes for playoffs were dashed, particularly after their loss to the Mumbai Indians, making them the first team to be eliminated from contention.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Kanishkaa |date=2017-05-02 |title=What went wrong for RCB in IPL 2017? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/what-went-wrong-for-rcb/article18355341.ece |access-date=2018-03-24 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wrapping up the tournament, Bangalore secured a victory in their last match against Delhi Daredevils, with Kohli scoring his fourth fifty of the season and amassing a total of 308 runs in 10 innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |author-link=Vijay Lokapally |date=2017-05-14 |title=RCB beat Daredevils by 10 runs, end campaign on high |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/rcb-beat-daredevils-by-10-runs-end-campaign-on-high/article18453355.ece |access-date=2018-04-02 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli concluded that the season as a whole was the team's most underwhelming performance to date.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2017-05-10 |title=Won't change preparation for Champions Trophy: Kohli |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/wont-change-preparation-for-ct-kohli/article18420684.ece |access-date=2018-04-24 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Commemorating the ten-year anniversary of the league, ''ESPNcricinfo'' honoured Kohli by including him in the all-time IPL-XI.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-05-20 |title=AB de Villiers misses out on ESPNcricinfo's all-time IPL XI |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ab-de-villiers-misses-spot-in-espncricinfo-s-all-time-ipl-xi-1098519 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quote box<br /> | quote = &quot;He is a consummate surgeon at the crease, intensely focused, working hard, playing the ball into gaps in the field and staying calm under pressure. He is always judging the right time to consolidate and the right time to seize a game by the scruff of the neck.&quot;<br /> | author = Kohli's [[Royal Challengers Bangalore|RCB]] team mate [[AB de Villiers]]<br /> | align = right<br /> | width = 25%<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Prior to the commencement of the [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018 season]], Bangalore retained Kohli for sum of {{INRConvert|17|c}}, making him the league's most expensive player at the time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-01-04 |title=Virat Kohli becomes most expensive player in IPL history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-rs-17-crore-most-expensive-player-ipl-history-5011869/ |access-date=2018-10-25 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His campaign began with 33 runs in a defeat against the Kolkata Knight Riders, where he expressed his discontentment with the number of dot balls he faced.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-04-09 |title=I played too many dot balls and couldn't get any momentum, says Virat Kohli |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2018-kkr-vs-rcb-virat-kohli-5129241/ |access-date=2018-10-25 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In contrast to his individual performances, which included twin fifties in the third and fourth matches, temporarily securing him the Orange Cap, Bangalore found themselves consistently on the losing side.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Chidananda |first=Shreedutta |title=Sizzling Samson puts it beyond RCB |date=15 Apr 2018 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/indian-premier-league-2018-rajasthan-royals-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-match/article23549523.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}{{Citation |last=Viswanath |first=G. |title=Kohli delights the Wankhede fans again |date=18 Apr 2018 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/kohli-delights-the-wankhede-fans-again/article23589338.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; This predicament was primarily attributed to the team's heavy reliance on Kohli and his partner de Villiers in the batting lineup, coupled with their challenges in the bowling department, which Kohli critiqued as being &quot;criminal&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kishore |first=Shashank |date=2018-05-02 |title=Royal Challengers discover a bowling attack |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/royal-challengers-bangalore-discover-a-bowling-attack-1145081 |access-date=2018-10-26 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the tournament progressed, Bangalore gradually discovered their winning rhythm, propelled by Kohli's contributions, including scores of 70 and 48* in must-win encounters against Delhi Daredevils and Kings XI Punjab, respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chidananda |first=Shreedutta |date=2018-05-16 |title=Royal Challengers' desperation is its x-factor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-preview/article23901824.ece |access-date=2018-10-26 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; He eventually surpassed the milestone of 500 runs in the season, a feat he accomplished for a record fifth time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-05-15 |title=Virat Kohli becomes first batsman to go past 500 run mark in an IPL season for fifth time |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/virat-kohli-becomes-first-batsman-to-go-past-500-run-mark-in-a-season-for-fifth-time-5177853/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2018-10-26 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the decisive encounter against the Rajasthan Royals, Kohli faltered, managing 4 runs before succumbing to dismissal. This setback ultimately led to Bangalore's elimination from the tournament. In the aftermath of their exit, Kohli publicly scrutinized the team's middle-order batsmen for their failure to deliver substantial contributions during crucial matches, reflecting on the missed opportunities that defined their campaign.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Somya |date=2018-05-21 |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore's poor bowling sees them out |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2018-royal-challengers-bangalore-rcb-recap-5184399/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2018-10-26 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kohli's start to the [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019 season]] proved underwhelming, as he managed 6 runs in the opener against the Chennai Super Kings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=2019-03-23 |title=RCB crumble against spin as CSK win IPL 2019 opener |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2019-1165643/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-1st-match-1175356/match-report |access-date=2019-03-27 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Consequently, he opted to move down the batting order in an attempt to provide more depth. However, his struggle with form persisted, reflecting in Bangalore's losses and prompting a quick reversal of the decision.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 Mar 2019 |title='Nothing went right for us from ball one' – Virat Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/nothing-went-right-for-us-from-ball-one-rcb-captain-virat-kohli-1179544 |access-date=2019-03-31 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In an encounter against the Rajasthan Royals, Kohli marked his 100th appearance as Bangalore's captain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-02 |title=Virat Kohli leads RCB for 100th game; becomes third in century club |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2019-rr-vs-rcb-virat-kohli-captaincy-record-5654620/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2019-04-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Albeit, that match ended in defeat, extending the team's losing streak to four consecutive matches. Former cricketer Gautam Gambhir weighed in on Kohli's lengthy tenure as captain, suggesting luck may have played a part despite his underwhelming performance as leader.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=2019-04-08 |title=Captain of the sinking ship that is RCB, Virat Kohli faces the heat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2019-captain-of-the-sinking-ship-that-is-rcb-virat-kohli-faces-the-heat-5663990/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2019-04-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli eventually found his rhythm in the fifth match, where he managed to score a half-century against the Kolkata Knight Riders.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |date=2019-04-05 |title=Russell's ruthless assault leaves Royal Challengers shell-shocked |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/indian-premier-league-2019-royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-in-bengaluru/article26749921.ece |access-date=2019-04-22 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Bangalore's string of losses persisted, prompting him to acknowledge his team's lackluster performance thus far.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Apr 2019 |title=We need to grab our chances; can't give excuses every day – Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/we-need-to-grab-our-chances-can-t-give-excuses-every-day-rcb-captain-virat-kohli-1180275 |access-date=2019-04-22 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; After enduring record six consecutive defeats, Bangalore secured their first victory against the Kings XI Punjab, with Kohli contributing 67 runs in that match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Rakesh |date=2019-04-13 |title=Kohli-de Villiers show shuts out Kings XI, opens RCB's tally |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/indian-premier-league-2019-kings-xi-punjab-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-in-mohali/article26831148.ece |access-date=2019-04-22 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, he scored his fifth century in the league;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-19 |title=Virat Kohli smashes 57-ball century, propels RCB to 213/4 against KKR |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/virat-kohli-smashes-57-ball-century-propels-rcb-to-213-4-against-kkr-5685046/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2019-04-27 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; however, his subsequent form saw a dip, as he struggled to make significant contributions with the bat in Bangalore's successive victories. These wins, were not enough as Bangalore fell short in their bid to advance further in the tournament, marking their third consecutive elimination under Kohli's captaincy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |date=30 Apr 2019 |title=Gopal hat-trick in washout, RCB eliminated |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2019-1165643/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-rajasthan-royals-49th-match-1178424/match-report |access-date=2019-05-20 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reflecting on the season, he expressed satisfaction with the team's turnaround in the latter stages of the tournament, acknowledging the progress made despite their early challenges.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2019 |title='It doesn't really feel like a bad season' – Kohli on RCB's 2019 campaign |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virat-kohli-on-rcb-s-2019-campaign-it-doesn-t-really-feel-like-a-bad-season-1183269 |access-date=2019-05-21 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== 2020{{Endash}}2022: Performance plunge and captaincy departure ====<br /> Following the resumption of cricket post the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|COVID-19 lockdown]], Kohli returned to the field with cautious optimism.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Achal |first=Ashwin |date=2020-08-29 |title=Kohli happy with batting rhythm |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/indian-premier-league-2020-kohli-happy-with-batting-rhythm/article32475772.ece |access-date=2021-03-23 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, positioned at number 3, his start to the [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020 season]] was lackluster, tallying a total of 18 runs across the first three matches. In the fourth match, Kohli found his rhythm, and scored 72 runs against the Rajasthan Royals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Somani |first=Saurabh |date=2020-10-03 |title=Virat Kohli after ending his rut: 'I love this game and hate it too' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rcb-vs-rr-ipl-2020-virat-kohli-after-ending-his-rut-i-love-this-game-and-hate-it-too-1234389 |access-date=2021-03-28 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; His momentum continued as he played his standout innings of the season against the Chennai Super Kings, scoring an unbeaten 90.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ragav |first=S. Dipak |date=2020-10-10 |title=Virat Kohli's 52-ball 90 leads 37-run drubbing of Chennai Super Kings |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2020-rcb-beats-csk-by-37-runs-kohli-90-dhoni-shardul-thakur/article32823903.ece |access-date=2021-03-28 |website=[[Sportstar]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Throughout the season, Kohli adhered to a strategy of accumulating runs primarily through singles and doubles, thereby minimizing the reliance on boundaries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Krishnaswamy |first=Karthik |date=2020-10-15 |title=Should Virat Kohli bat with more freedom? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2020-rcb-vs-kxip-should-virat-kohli-bat-with-more-freedom-1236110 |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Under his captaincy, Bangalore secured victories in five of their opening eight matches, with Kohli himself contributing moderately, amassing a total of 389 runs by the conclusion of eleven matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=RCB looks to get tactics right as they face Rajasthan Royals |date=16 Oct 2020 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2020-rcb-looks-to-get-tactics-right-as-they-face-rajasthan-royals/article32869526.ece |place=Dubai |work=[[The Hindu]]}}<br /> <br /> {{Citation |last=Gollapudi |first=Nagraj |title=Do RCB still rely too heavily on Virat Kohli and AB de Villiers? |date=28 Oct 2020 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mi-vs-rcb-ipl-2020-talking-points-do-rcb-still-rely-too-heavily-on-kohli-and-de-villiers-1237505 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, during the latter part of the season, Kohli's form dipped, coinciding with Bangalore's consecutive losses in four matches following their promising start.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Somani |first=Saurabh |date=1 Nov 2020 |title=RCB go from cruise control to heavy turbulence |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rcb-vs-srh-ipl-2020-royal-challengers-bangalore-go-from-cruise-control-to-heavy-turbulence-1237871 |access-date=2021-03-30 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite these setbacks, Bangalore managed to qualify for the playoffs due to their [[net run rate]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=G. |first=Sandip |date=2020-10-31 |title=Joining the dots: How RCB, Virat Kohli got it right this season |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/rcb-kohli-got-it-right-ipl-2020-6910656/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kohli concluded the league stage with a cumulative total of 460 runs, albeit with a slower strike rate of 122. Analysts at ''ESPNcricinfo'' attributed this performance in part to the distinctive conditions of the season, notably the relocation of matches to the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]], where larger boundaries and an inexperienced middle order might have influenced Kohli's risk-averse approach.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-02 |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore 'could be more brave with the bat' – Kohli |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dc-vs-rcb-ipl-2020-royal-challengers-bangalore-could-be-more-brave-with-the-bat-says-virat-kohli-1238074 |access-date=2021-03-30 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the playoffs, Bangalore encountered the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the [[2020 Indian Premier League#Eliminator|eliminator]]. Kohli, assuming the opening position alongside [[Devdutt Padikkal]], encountered an early setback, scoring 7 runs before his dismissal. Bangalore succumbed in the knockout encounter, prompting Kohli to reflect on a palpable sense of nervousness among the players, which contributed to their defeat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-07 |title=What went wrong for Royal Challengers Bangalore in IPL 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/royal-challengers-bangalore-exit-ipl-2020-who-said-what-6999547/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2021-03-30 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Ahead of the [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021 season]] opener, Kohli emphasized the strategic advantages of neutral venues for his team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Somani |first=Saurabh |date=8 Apr 2021 |title=Virat Kohli: No home advantage in IPL 2021 is a positive |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-virat-kohli-royal-challengers-bangalore-rcb-captain-says-no-home-advantage-is-a-positive-1258234 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In their inaugural match against the Mumbai Indians, Kohli commenced with a score of 33, which he replicated in the subsequent fixture.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=2021-04-15 |title=Sunrisers mess up routine chase as RCB record second win in a row |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/sunrisers-mess-up-routine-chase-as-rcb-record-second-win-in-a-row-7273949/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Notably, his first half-century of the season came against the Rajasthan Royals, where he scored an unbeaten 72, leading Bangalore to secure victory in four consecutive encounters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-23 |title=It's raining memes as Royal Challengers Bangalore crush Rajasthan Royals |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/rcb-vs-rr-ipl-2021-twitter-reactions-memes-7285714/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Upon the resumption of the league in September, Kohli became the first player to make 200 appearances for a singular franchise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-21 |title=It is a wake-up call for us: Virat Kohli after KKR thumps RCB in Abu Dhabi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/it-is-a-wake-up-call-for-rcb-virat-kohli-7523381/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Concurrently, Kohli announced his intention to relinquish the captaincy of Bangalore at the season's end, this decision was met with speculation, with Sandip of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' suggesting that it could potentially afford Kohli to play with more freedom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=G. |first=Sandip |date=2021-09-20 |title=Leaving RCB captaincy could liberate Virat Kohli, see him scale untouched peaks |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/virat-kohli-rcb-captaincy-untouched-peaks-analysis-7520166/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In subsequent fixtures, Kohli scored consecutive half-centuries against the Chennai Super Kings&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-24 |title=Kohli exclaims, David yawns, Faf scoops in Chennai's six-wicket win |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2021-rcb-vs-csk-kohli-jadeja-david-emotional-rollercoaster-7532826/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Mumbai, his innings against the latter also marked the completion of 10,000 runs in T20 cricket.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |date=2021-09-27 |title=Virat Kohli becomes first Indian to reach 10,000 runs in T20 cricket |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/virat-kohli-becomes-first-indian-to-reach-10000-runs-in-t20-cricket/article36689814.ece |access-date=2022-03-22 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the tournament progressed, Bangalore qualified for the playoffs, with two games to spare, attributed to performances by [[Glenn Maxwell]] and [[Harshal Patel]] in their respective domains.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-03 |title=It feels amazing to qualify for play-offs with two games to spare: Virat Kohli |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/virat-kohli-rcb-vs-pbks-playoffs-qualification-comments-7550041/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Kohli experienced a dip in form leading up to the playoffs, as Bangalore prepared to face Kolkata Knight Riders in the [[2021 Indian Premier League#Eliminator|eliminator]]. In the knockout clash, where he notched up 39 runs, Bangalore was unable to secure victory, thus concluding Kohli's tenure as captain. In his post-match discourse, Kohli reaffirmed his commitment to delivering his utmost for Bangalore, while expressing gratitude for the loyalty and support extended by the franchise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=2021-10-12 |title=Virat Kohli: The king without a title |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2021-rcb-vs-kkr-virat-kohli-the-king-without-a-title-7567174/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Prior to the onset of the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 season]], Bangalore chose to retain Kohli for a sum of {{INRConvert|15|c}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Dec 2021 |title=Bangalore retain Kohli, Dhoni stays with Chennai in IPL |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/bangalore-retain-kohli-dhoni-stays-with-chennai-ipl-2021-11-30/ |url-access=registration |website=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; With [[Faf du Plessis|Faf Du Plessis]] taking over the captaincy reins, Kohli commenced the season with a score of 41* against the Punjab Kings. However, positioned at number 3, Kohli's subsequent innings were marked by inconsistency, with sole significant contribution of 48 runs against the Mumbai Indians. Struggling to regain his form, Kohli endured two consecutive ducks in matches against the [[Lucknow Super Giants]] and Sunrisers Hyderabad. By the seventh match of the season, Kohli found himself registering single-digit scores in four out of seven matches, accumulating a total of 119 runs at an average of 17.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-26 |title='The focus is not just on Kohli to do the job' with du Plessis as his opening partner |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-daniel-vettori-focus-is-not-just-on-virat-kohli-to-do-the-job-with-faf-du-plessis-as-his-opening-partner-1312451 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cricket analyst [[Jarrod Kimber]], writing for ''ESPNcricinfo'', remarked that Kohli's batting seemed enigmatic and uncertain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kimber |first=Jarrod |author-link=Jarrod Kimber |date=2022-04-27 |title=Virat Kohli's batting currently looks like a human question mark |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-jarrod-kimber-virat-kohli-batting-currently-looks-like-a-human-question-mark-1312494 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In an attempt to rectify his batting woes, Kohli was elevated to the opening position alongside du Plessis. It was in the tenth match that he managed to secure his maiden half-century of the season, albeit in 45 balls, marking it as his slowest in the T20 format.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gollapudi |first=Nagraj |date=2022-04-30 |title=Still no real answers to the Kohli question |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-gt-vs-rcb-still-no-real-answers-to-the-virat-kohli-question-1312972 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, his struggles persisted, as he encountered another duck against Hyderabad, accumulating a total of 216 runs in twelve matches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Aadyas |date=2022-05-08 |title='Enough Is Enough' – Virat Kohli Urged To Sit Out After Agonising Lean Patch Continues |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/tata-ipl-2022/cricket-news/enough-is-enough-virat-kohli-urged-to-sit-out-after-agonising-lean-patch-continues |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Former Indian coach [[Ravi Shastri]] expressed his apprehension, suggesting that Kohli appeared &quot;overcooked&quot; and advocated for a break to rejuvenate himself. In concurrence with Shastri's assessment, Kohli asserted that he did not feel the need to prove himself to anyone and believed in his ability to bounce back.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Kohli open to taking a break to 'rejuvenate' himself mentally |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-rcbs-virat-kohli-open-to-taking-a-break-to-rejuvenate-himself-mentally-1315709 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the tournament progressed, Bangalore found themselves in a precarious position, requiring a victory in their final league match to remain in contention for the playoffs. Kohli rose to the occasion, scoring 73 runs against [[Gujarat Titans]], and propelling Bangalore to victory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Purohit |first=Abhishek |date=2022-05-20 |title=Virat Kohli finds his touch, keeps RCB in contention for IPL playoffs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2022-kohli-finds-his-touch-keeps-rcb-in-contention-for-ipl-playoffs-7926731/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Kohli faltered in the subsequent eliminator and [[2022 Indian Premier League#Qualifier 2|qualifier 2]], spelling the culmination of [[Royal Challengers Bangalore in 2022|Bangalore's campaign]].<br /> <br /> ==== 2023{{Endash}}present: Return to form and first title====<br /> In the [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023 season]], Kohli commenced his campaign with a score of 82* runs against the Mumbai Indians.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |date=2023-04-02 |title=Kohli, du Plessis hand RCB easy win over Mumbai Indians |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl-2023-royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-mumbai-indians/article66692047.ece |access-date=2024-03-29 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; He maintained his form in subsequent matches, registering fifties in three out of the first four matches. Kohli's batting approach during this period was marked by aggression in the [[Powerplay (cricket)|powerplay overs]], followed by a more cautious approach in the middle overs of the game. Reflecting on this tactical shift, Kohli noted that the middle overs are when teams typically introduce their premier bowlers, necessitating the assessment of the game's evolving dynamics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=2023-04-20 |title=Should Virat Kohli be slowing down after the powerplay? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/should-virat-kohli-be-slowing-down-after-the-powerplay-1370173 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, in the absence of regular captain du Plessis, Kohli assumed the role of stand-in captain for several matches, while du Plessis contributed as an [[Indian Premier League#Unique rules and variations|impact player]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Waris |first=Sarah |date=2023-04-20 |title=Why Did Virat Kohli Return To The RCB Captaincy Hot Seat Against Punjab Kings? |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/indian-premier-league-2023/cricket-news/explained-why-did-virat-kohli-return-to-the-rcb-captaincy-hot-seat-against-punjab-kings |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=[[Wisden]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eight matches into the season, Kohli had scored fifties in five of them.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Roller |first=Matt |date=27 Apr 2023 |title=Virat Kohli at RCB: Witnessing a hero in the flesh |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virat-kohli-at-rcb-witnessing-a-hero-in-the-flesh-in-ipl-2023-1371644 |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, an altercation marred a match against the Lucknow Super Giants, where Kohli found himself in a confrontation with Gambhir, resulting in a fine for breaching the code of conduct.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=Kohli, Gambhir docked full match fees over IPL altercation |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/kohli-gambhir-docked-full-match-fees-over-ipl-altercation-2023-05-02/ |url-access=registration |website=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Throughout the season, Kohli relied on his placement and running between the wickets to maintain a scoring rate above a run a ball.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=2023-05-06 |title=Do Kohli and RCB need to rethink their batting approach? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2023-do-virat-kohli-and-rcb-need-to-rethink-their-batting-approach-1373922 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the season progressed, Bangalore needed victories in their final two games to clinch a spot in the playoffs. Kohli stepped up in a pivotal match against the Sunrisers Hyderabad, scoring a century, to secure a win for his team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vaddi |first=Tanishq |date=2023-05-19 |title=Virat Kohli's masterclass overshadows Heinrich Klaasen's century |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2023-virat-kohlis-masterclass-overshadows-heinrich-klaasens-century-srh-vs-rcb-8617213/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the subsequent fixture, he scored another century, surpassing Gayle for the most centuries in the league. However, Bangalore fell short in defending their total, leading to their elimination from the tournament. Kohli concluded the season with a tally of 639 runs at an average of 53.2 and a strike rate of 140.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-21 |title=Virat Kohli scores second 100 on the trot in must-win match against Gujarat Titans |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/virat-kohli-scores-second-100-on-the-trot-in-must-win-match-against-gujarat-titans-8621640/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 season]], Kohli began slow, scoring only 21 runs against the Chennai Super Kings, in a loss too.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chennai Super Kings vs Royal Challengers Bengaluru, 1st Match, Mar 22, Indian Premier League 2024 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-scores/89654/csk-vs-rcb-1st-match-indian-premier-league-2024 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The next match however, he scored 77 runs against the Punjab Kings, a crucial knock, and he won Man of the Match. Kohli continued this type of form throughout the tournament, scoring 2 fifties in the first 4 games. In a game against the [[Rajasthan Royals]], Kohli scored 113*, which is his highest score in the IPL. However, he did it in 72 balls, which was 12 out of 20 overs. Bengaluru lost this match, and was on a 6 game losing streak,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-25 |title=IPL 2024 Points Table update: RCB snap six-match losing streak with 2nd win over SRH |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2024-points-table-update-rcb-ends-losing-streak-srh-hyderabad-9291033/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; before Kohli scored another fifty that helped them win against Sunrisers Hyderabad. Kohli scored two more fifties in the next 3 matches, including an impressive 92 off just 47 and the runout of Shashank Singh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Kohli keeps RCB alive in playoffs race; Punjab Kings knocked out |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/punjab-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bengaluru-58th-match-1426296/match-report |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; RCB won the next 2 games to qualify for the playoffs, and after being on a 6 game losing streak, turned around a came back with a 6 game winning streak. However, they lost in the eliminator.<br /> <br /> In the [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025 season]], Kohli hit a record 8 fifties in wins and ended as the third highest run scorer, as RCB lifted their first title after 18 years.<br /> <br /> == ICC Tournaments ==<br /> === World Test Championship ===<br /> '''Batting record''' <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Cycle<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |100<br /> |- <br /> |[[2019–2021 World Test Championship|2019–21]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web<br /> |title=Most runs in ICC World Test Championship, 2019-2021|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-13202|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||15||24||934||42.45||54.17||5||2<br /> |-<br /> |[[2021–2023 World Test Championship|2021–23]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in ICC World Test Championship, 2021-2023|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-world-test-championship-2021-2023-14028|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||17||30||932||32.13||45.53||3||1<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023–2025 World Test Championship|2023–25]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in ICC World Test Championship, 2023-2025|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-world-test-championship-2023-2025-15144|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||14||25||751||32.65||58.30||3||2<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !46<br /> !79<br /> !2617<br /> !35.36<br /> !51.72<br /> !11<br /> !5<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Cycle <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |- <br /> |[[2019–2021 World Test Championship|2019–21]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Zealand vs India, 2nd Test, Christchurch, 2020 – Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-new-zealand-2019-20-1187673/new-zealand-vs-india-2nd-test-1187686/full-scorecard|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||1||0||4||4.00||–<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Cricket World Cup ===<br /> '''Batting record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |100<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|BAN}} {{flagicon|SL}} [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-4857|title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2010/11 / Records / Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||9||9||282||35.25||82.21||1||1<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZ}} [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-6537|title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2014/15 /Records / Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||8||8||305||50.83||81.55||0||1<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-12357|title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2019 /Records / Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||9||9||443||55.37||94.05||5||0<br /> |-colspan=8 style=&quot;border: 3px solid gold&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-15338|title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2023/24 /Records / Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||11||11||765||95.62||90.31||6||3<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !37<br /> !37<br /> !1795<br /> !59.83<br /> !88.20<br /> !12<br /> !5<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 06 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * &lt;span style=&quot;display:inline-block; width:18px; height:18px; border:2px solid gold; background:white;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Player of the Tournament<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|BAN}} {{flagicon|SL}} [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449/india-vs-australia-2nd-quarter-final-433601/full-scorecard|title=India vs Australia, 2nd Quarter-Final, ICC Cricket World Cup 2010/11|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449/india-vs-sri-lanka-final-433606/full-scorecard|title=India vs Sri Lanka, Final, ICC Cricket World Cup 2010/11|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||2||0||12||6.00||–<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZ}} [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587/australia-vs-india-2nd-semi-final-656493/full-scorecard|title=Australia vs India, 2nd Semi-Final, ICC Cricket World Cup 2014/15|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||1||0||7||7.00||–<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856/india-vs-bangladesh-17th-match-1384408/full-scorecard|title=India vs Bangladesh, 17th Match, ICC Cricket World Cup 2023/24|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856/india-vs-netherlands-45th-match-1384436/full-scorecard|title=India vs Netherlands, 45th Match, ICC Cricket World Cup 2023/24|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||3.3||1||15||4.29||15.00<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !5.3<br /> !1<br /> !34<br /> !5.23<br /> !34.00<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Last updated: 06 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === T20 World Cup ===<br /> ''' Batting record '''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|SL}} [[2012 World Twenty20|2012]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-world-twenty20-2012-13-6856|title=ICC World Twenty20, 2012/13 / Records / Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||5||185||46.25||122.51||2<br /> |-colspan=8 style=&quot;border: 3px solid gold&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2014 World Twenty20|2014]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/world-t20-2013-14-8083|title=World T20, 2013/14 / Records /Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||6||6||319||106.33||129.14||4<br /> |-colspan=8 style=&quot;border: 3px solid gold&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2016 World Twenty20|2016]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/world-t20-2015-16-10291|title=World T20, 2015/16 / Records /Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||5||273||136.50||146.77||3<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|OMA}} [[2021 Men's T20 World Cup|2021]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-14024|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup, 2021/22/ Records / Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||3||68||34||119.29||1<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZ}} [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2022-23-14450|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup, 2022/23 / Records / Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||6||6||296||98.66||136.40||4<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|WIN}} {{flagicon|USA}} [[2024 Men's T20 World Cup|2024]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-15946|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup, 2024 / Records / Most runs in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||8||8||151||18.87||112.68||1<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !35<br /> !33<br /> !1292♠<br /> !58.72<br /> !128.81<br /> !15<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;7&quot; | Last updated: 06 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * &lt;span style=&quot;display:inline-block; width:18px; height:18px; border:2px solid gold; background:white;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Player of the Tournament<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|SL}} [[2012 World Twenty20|2012]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/icc-world-twenty20-2012-13-6856|title=ICC World Twenty20, 2012/13 / Records / Most wickets in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||4||1||31||7.75||31.00<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2016 World Twenty20|2016]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/world-t20-2015-16-10291|title=World T20, 2015/16 / Records / Most wickets in career|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=6 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||1.4||1||15||9.00||15.00<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !5.4<br /> !2<br /> !46<br /> !8.12<br /> !23.00<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Last updated: 06 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Champions Trophy ===<br /> ''' Batting record '''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |100<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|SA}} [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |title=Most runs in ICC Champions Trophy, 2009/10|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-4799|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=20 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||3||2||95||95.00||74.21||1||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Most runs in ICC Champions Trophy, 2013|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-champions-trophy-2013-7371|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=20 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||5||176||58.66||95.65||1||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Most runs in ICC Champions Trophy, 2017|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-champions-trophy-2017-11237|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=20 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||5||258||129.00||98.85||3||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|PAK}} [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Most runs in ICC Champions Trophy, 2024/25|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-champions-trophy-2024-25-16814|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=20 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||5||218||54.50||82.88||1||1<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !18<br /> !17<br /> !747<br /> !74.70<br /> !89.35<br /> !6<br /> !1<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 21 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|SA}} [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |title=India vs Pakistan, 6th Match, Group A, ICC Champions Trophy 2009/10 – Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074/india-vs-pakistan-6th-match-group-a-415278/full-scorecard|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=20 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||3||0||21||7.00||–<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=India vs West Indies, 6th Match, Group B, ICC Champions Trophy 2013 – Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910/india-vs-west-indies-6th-match-group-b-578619/full-scorecard|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=20 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=India vs Pakistan, 10th Match, Group B, ICC Champions Trophy 2013 – Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910/india-vs-pakistan-10th-match-group-b-578623/full-scorecard|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=20 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||6||0||37||6.17||–<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=India vs Sri Lanka, 8th Match, Group B, ICC Champions Trophy 2017 – Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345/india-vs-sri-lanka-8th-match-group-b-1022361/full-scorecard|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=20 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||3||0||17||5.66||–<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !12<br /> !0<br /> !75<br /> !6.25<br /> !–<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 21 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Under-19 World Cup ===<br /> ''' Batting record '''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |100<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|MAS}} [[2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2008]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in ICC Under-19 World Cup, 2007/08 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/icc-under-19-world-cup-2007-08-3138 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||6||6||235||47.00||94.75||0||1<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|MAS}} [[2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2008]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most wickets in ICC Under-19 World Cup, 2007/08 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/icc-under-19-world-cup-2007-08-3138 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||11.5||4||50||4.22||12.50<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == ACC Tournaments ==<br /> === Asia Cup (ODI) ===<br /> '''Batting record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |100<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|SL}} [[2010 Asia Cup|2010]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Asia Cup, 2010|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/asia-cup-2010-5477|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||4||4||67||16.75||69.07||0||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2012 Asia Cup|2012]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Asia Cup, 2011/12 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/asia-cup-2011-12-6730|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||3||3||357||119.00||102.00||1||2<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2014 Asia Cup|2014]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Asia Cup, 2013/14 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/asia-cup-2013-14-8643 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||4||3||189||63.00||102.71||0||1<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|SL}} {{flagicon|PAK}} [[2023 Asia Cup|2023]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Asia Cup, 2023 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/asia-cup-2023-15623 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||3||129||64.50||114.15||0||1<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !16<br /> !13<br /> !742<br /> !61.83<br /> !99.73<br /> !1<br /> !4<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|SL}} [[2010 Asia Cup|2010]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka vs India, Final, Asia Cup 2010 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694/sri-lanka-vs-india-final-455237/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||3||0||16||5.33||–<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2014 Asia Cup|2014]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh vs India, 2nd Match, Asia Cup 2013/14 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2013-14-671665/bangladesh-vs-india-2nd-match-710293/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||1.1||0||6||5.14||–<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !4.1<br /> !0<br /> !22<br /> !5.28<br /> !–<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Asia Cup (T20I) ===<br /> '''Batting record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |100<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2016 Asia Cup|2016]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Men's T20 Asia Cup, 2015/16 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/men-s-t20-asia-cup-2015-16-10989 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||4||153||76.50||110.86||1||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|UAE}} [[2022 Asia Cup|2022]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Men's T20 Asia Cup, 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/men-s-t20-asia-cup-2022-14846 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||5||276||92.00||147.59||2||1<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !10<br /> !9<br /> !429<br /> !85.80<br /> !132.00<br /> !3<br /> !1<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|UAE}} [[2022 Asia Cup|2022]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hong Kong vs India, 4th Match, Group A, Men's T20 Asia Cup 2022 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/men-s-t20-asia-cup-2022-1327237/hong-kong-vs-india-4th-match-group-a-1327272/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||1||0||6||6.00||–<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Franchise Tournaments ==<br /> === IPL ===<br /> '''Batting record''' <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |100<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2008 Indian Premier League|2008]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2007/08|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2007-08-3519|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||13||12||165||15.00||105.09||0||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|SA}} [[2009 Indian Premier League|2009]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2009|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2009-4801|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||16||13||246||22.36||112.32||1||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2009/10<br /> |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2009-10-5319|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||16||13||307||27.90||144.81||1||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2011|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2011-5969|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||16||16||557||46.41||121.08||4||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2012|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2012-6680|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||16||15||364||28.00||111.65||2||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2013 Indian Premier League|2013]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2013|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2013-7720|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||16||16||634||45.28||138.73||6||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|UAE}} [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Pepsi Indian Premier League, 2014|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/pepsi-indian-premier-league-2014-8827|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||14||14||359||27.61||122.10||2||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Pepsi Indian Premier League, 2015<br /> |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/pepsi-indian-premier-league-2015-9657|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||16||16||505||45.90||130.82||3||0<br /> |-<br /> |- style=&quot;background: Orange;&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2016 Indian Premier League|2016]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Indian Premier League, 2016 – Statistics|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2016-11001|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||16||16||973||81.08||152.03||7||4<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2017|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2017-11701|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||10||10||308||30.80||122.22||4||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2018|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2018-12210|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||14||14||530||48.18||139.10||4||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2019|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2019-12741|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||14||14||464||33.14||141.46||2||1<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|UAE}} [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2020/21 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2020-21-13533|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||15||15||466||42.36||121.35||3||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|UAE}} [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2021|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2021-13840|website=ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||15||15||405||28.92||119.46||3||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2022-14452 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||16||16||341||22.73||115.98||2||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2023 Indian Premier League|2023]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2023 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2023-15129 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||14||14||639||53.25||139.82||6||2<br /> |-<br /> |- style=&quot;background: Orange;&quot;<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2024-15940 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||15||15||741||61.75||154.69||5||1<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2025 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-2025-16622 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||15||15||657||54.75||144.71||8||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2026 Indian Premier League|2026]]*&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Indian Premier League, 2026 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/indian-premier-league-17740 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=28 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||9||9||379||54.14||165.50||3||0<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !276<br /> !268<br /> !9040♠<br /> !40.00<br /> !133.96<br /> !66<br /> !8<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 1 May 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * {{Color box|orange|border=darkgray}} The player with the most runs at the end of the tournament received the [[Orange Cap]].<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2008 Indian Premier League|2008]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most wickets in Indian Premier League, 2007/08 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/indian-premier-league-2007-08-3519 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||7.4||2||46||7.95||30.50<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|SA}} [[2009 Indian Premier League|2009]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore vs Chennai Super Kings, 5th Match, IPL 2009 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-chennai-super-kings-5th-match-392185/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore vs Delhi Daredevils, 52nd Match, IPL 2009 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-374163/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-delhi-daredevils-52nd-match-392232/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||6||0||45||7.50||–<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kolkata Knight Riders vs Royal Challengers Bangalore, 4th Match, IPL 2010 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-4th-match-419109/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore vs Kings XI Punjab, 7th Match, IPL 2010 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-kings-xi-punjab-7th-match-419112/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deccan Chargers vs Royal Challengers Bangalore, 46th Match, IPL 2010 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/deccan-chargers-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-46th-match-419151/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Indians vs Royal Challengers Bangalore, 1st Semi-Final, IPL 2010 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2009-10-418064/mumbai-indians-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-1st-semi-final-419162/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5.2||0||50||9.38||–<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most wickets in Indian Premier League, 2011 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/indian-premier-league-2011-5969 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||17||2||139||8.17||69.50<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore vs Kolkata Knight Riders, 10th Match, IPL 2012 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-10th-match-548315/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chennai Super Kings vs Royal Challengers Bangalore, 13th Match, IPL 2012 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2012-520932/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-13th-match-548318/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||3||0||49||16.33||–<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !39<br /> !4<br /> !329<br /> !8.44<br /> !82.25<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Champions League ===<br /> '''Batting record''' <br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Matches<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Innings <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Strike rate <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |50<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |100<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2009 Champions League Twenty20|2009]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Champions League Twenty20, 2009/10 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/champions-league-twenty20-2009-10-5097 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||4||4||79||26.33||154.90||0||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|SA}} [[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Champions League Twenty20, 2010/11 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-5854 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||5||4||113||37.66||156.94||0||0<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2011 Champions League Twenty20|2011]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Most runs in Nokia Champions League Twenty20, 2011/12 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/nokia-champions-league-t20-2011-12-6664 |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||6||6||232||46.40||145.91||2||0<br /> |-<br /> !Total <br /> !15<br /> !14<br /> !424<br /> !38.54<br /> !150.35<br /> !2<br /> !0<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Bowling record'''<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=150 |Host and Year <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Overs <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Wickets <br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Runs<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Economy rate<br /> !style=&quot;background: #FF0000;border: 2px solid #000000;color: #FFFFFF; width=50 |Average<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2009 Champions League Twenty20|2009]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore vs Cape Cobras, 1st Match, Group C, Champions League Twenty20 2009/10 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2009-10-405864/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-cape-cobras-1st-match-group-c-416924/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||2||0||23||11.50||–<br /> |- <br /> |{{flagicon|SA}} [[2010 Champions League Twenty20|2010]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lions vs Royal Challengers Bangalore, 18th Match, Group B, Champions League T20 2010/11 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/lions-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-18th-match-group-b-465136/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chennai Super Kings vs Royal Challengers Bangalore, 1st Semi-Final, Champions League Twenty20 2010/11 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/champions-league-twenty20-2010-11-456281/chennai-super-kings-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-1st-semi-final-465139/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||4||0||39||9.75||–<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[2011 Champions League Twenty20|2011]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore vs Kolkata Knight Riders, Group B, Champions League T20 2011/12 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nokia-champions-league-t20-2011-12-519661/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-group-b-521335/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore vs Somerset, Group B, Champions League T20 2011/12 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nokia-champions-league-t20-2011-12-519661/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-somerset-group-b-521341/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore vs South Australia, Group B, Champions League T20 2011/12 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nokia-champions-league-t20-2011-12-519661/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-south-australia-group-b-521345/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd. |access-date=29 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;||3.3||0||33||9.43||–<br /> |-<br /> !Total<br /> !9.3<br /> !0<br /> !95<br /> !10.00<br /> |–<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Last updated: 29 March 2026<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Virat Kohli]]<br /> [[Category:Sports careers by individual|Kohli]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spirit_(2027_film)&diff=536927 2026-05-01T21:32:11Z

<p>Sameer481: Redirect article</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]]<br /> <br /> {{Rcat shell|<br /> {{R to related topic}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2027 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2027 Hindi-language films]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=GEMS_Education&diff=499503 2026-05-01T15:33:14Z

<p>Sameer481: made new stub...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Dubai-based education company}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = GEMS Education<br /> | logo = GEMS Education new logo version.png<br /> | founder = [[Sunny Varkey]]<br /> | foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2000}}<br /> | location_city = [[Dubai]]<br /> | location_country = United Arab Emirates<br /> | key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Sunny Varkey]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(Founder)}}|Dino Varkey&lt;br&gt;{{small|(CEO)}}}}<br /> | area_served = Worldwide<br /> | revenue =<br /> | type = Education<br /> | website = {{URL|http://www.gemseducation.com/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''GEMS Education''', founded as '''Global Education Management Systems''' ('''GEMS'''), is an international education company. It is one of the world's largest private school operators,&lt;ref name=&quot;Bloomberg September 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Dinesh |last2=Parasie |first2=Nicolas |last3=Narayanan |first3=Archana |title=Dubai School Operator Eyes Stake Sale at $6 Billion Value |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-26/dubai-school-operator-said-to-eye-stake-sale-at-6-billion-value |access-date=11 April 2023 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=26 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; and as of late 2022 it operates more than 60 schools across the [[Middle East]] and [[North Africa]], and also has schools in [[Asia]], [[Europe]], and [[North America]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bloomberg September 2022&quot;/&gt; Founded in [[Dubai]] by [[Sunny Varkey]], the firm provides [[pre-school]], [[Primary education|primary]], and [[Secondary education|secondary]] education.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> ===Early schools and the Varkey Group===<br /> GEMS Education had its roots in a family tutoring business in [[Dubai]] started by Indian-born teachers Mariama and K.S. Varkey in 1959.&lt;ref name=bhatia&gt;Bhatia, Asha. [http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/early-days-of-varkey-schools-it-was-a-management-challenge-1.410266 &quot;Early days of Varkey schools: it was a management challenge&quot;]. ''[[Gulf News]]''. 9 March 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; The discovery of oil in Dubai in 1966 brought in many foreign workers to the undeveloped emirate, including many from the [[Indian subcontinent]]. With the increased demand for an English-language education for the children of Indian expatriates, the Varkeys founded [[Our Own English High School]] in Dubai in 1968.&lt;ref name=education&gt;[http://www.nriinternet.com/MIDDLE%20EAST/Dubai/Sunny_Varkey/4_Education_profit%20.htm &quot;Education for profit in the Arab world&quot;]. United Arab Emirates: ''NRI Internet''. 7 December 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=guttenplan&gt;Guttenplan, D. D. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/27/world/europe/entrepreneur-seeks-to-offer-high-quality-education-at-fraction-of-cost.html?_r=0 &quot;Entrepreneur Seeks to Offer High-Quality Education at Fraction of Cost&quot;]. ''[[New York Times]]''. 26 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When in 1980 local authorities insisted that Our Own English High School be housed in a purpose-built facility, the Varkeys' son [[Sunny Varkey]] took over the operation of the school, which had fewer than 400 students at the time.&lt;ref name=hamdan&gt;Hamdan, Sara. [http://issuu.com/global-citizen/docs/global-citizen-09/20 &quot;Building an Education Empire&quot;]. ''Global Citizen''. July/August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; He expanded the school, and added new schools as well.&lt;ref name=bhatia /&gt;&lt;ref name=kerr&gt;Kerr, Simeon. [https://www.ft.com/content/3eee5a58-d755-11e2-8279-00144feab7de &quot;School rooms for everyone&quot;]. ''[[Financial Times]]''. 18 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=hui&gt;Hui, Kok Xing. [http://www.todayonline.com/daily-focus/people/st-regis-perspectives/grad-school-hard-knocks?singlepage=true &quot;Grad of the school of hard knocks&quot;]. ''[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|Today]]''. 14 September 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; The education situation in Dubai was ripe for expansion, since local schools were only for native Arabs, and the children of the ever-increasing number of expats needed education of their own.&lt;ref name=guttenplan /&gt;&lt;ref name=hui /&gt; Under his umbrella business organization the Varkey Group, Sunny Varkey opened Indian, Pakistani, and British schools,&lt;ref name=bhatia /&gt;&lt;ref name=guttenplan /&gt; and offered education under the different curricula: Indian ([[Central Board of Secondary Education]] and [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]]), U.S., British, and later [[International Baccalaureate]], French, and dual and local curricula.&lt;ref name=et2012&gt;Vijayakumar, Sanjay. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130301065355/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-06/news/33650158_1_sunny-varkey-everonn-dubai &quot;Sunny Varkey banks on Centum Learning to revive India business&quot;]. ''[[The Economic Times]]''. 6 September 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=lewis&gt;Lewis, Kathryn. [https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/education/the-man-who-built-an-education-empire-1.530164/ &quot;The man who built an education empire&quot;]. ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''. 13 September 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sharif&gt;Sharif, Arif. [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-27/world-s-biggest-private-school-operator-gems-seeks-1-billion.html &quot;World's Biggest Private School Operator GEMS Seeks $1 Billion&quot;]. ''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]''. 27 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 2024, [[State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan|SOFAZ]] (The State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan) announced it would invest US$100 million into GEMS education.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=SOFAZ invests in one of largest private companies providing educational services in world |url=https://www.azernews.az/business/227549.html |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=Azernews.Az |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Azerbaijan's State Oil Fund to invest $100M in one of world's largest private education providers |url=https://report.az/en/finance/azerbaijan-s-state-oil-fund-investing-in-one-of-world-s-largest-private-education-providers/ |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=Report News Agency |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Founding of GEMS===<br /> After creating a network of schools in the [[Gulf Arab states]], in 2000 Varkey established Global Education Management Systems (GEMS), an advisory and educational management firm, in advance of his overseas expansion.&lt;ref name=et2004&gt;Zachariahs, Candice. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140812200701/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-09-24/news/27383963_1_global-education-management-systems-varkey-group-sunny-varkey &quot;The McSchool revolution&quot;]. ''[[The Economic Times]]''. 24 September 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2003, he began opening GEMS schools in England, beginning with Sherborne House in Hampshire and Bury Lawn in Milton Keynes. Soon afterwards, he took over [[Sherfield School]] in Hampshire, and purchased another 10 schools in England, mainly in the north.&lt;ref name=woodward&gt;Woodward, Will. [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/dec/13/schools.newschools &quot;Business class&quot;]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 12 December 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=frills&gt;[http://nriinternet.com/MIDDLE%20EAST/Dubai/Sunny_Varkey/3_No-Frills%20.htm &quot;No-Frills Public Schools: Independants' Day&quot;]. ''NRI Internet''. 22 January 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004, the group opened its first schools in India.&lt;ref name=hamdan /&gt; It continued to add schools in the subcontinent, and also purchased a controlling interest in the India-based Everonn Education, which the Varkey Group and GEMS managed.&lt;ref name=et2012 /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.everonn.com/about_everonn.html About Everonn]. ''Everonn.com''. Retrieved 7 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; GEMS subsequently opened schools in Africa, Southeast Asia, the U.S., and Europe.&lt;ref name=forbespro&gt;[https://www.forbes.com/profile/sunny-varkey/ Sunny Varkey] – Profile at ''[[Forbes]]''. Retrieved 7 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2010, the firm became an official member of the [[World Economic Forum]] (WEF) as one of WEF's Global Growth Companies.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152354/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-228463365.html &quot;Gems Education makes it to WEF&quot;.] ''[[Trade Arabia]]''. 9 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2012, it became a Global Growth Company 'Partner', entitling it to attend the World Economic Forum's flagship annual meeting in [[Davos]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153941/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-301509866.html &quot;Gems Attains 'Partner' Status with WEF&quot;.] ''[[Trade Arabia]]''. 4 September 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Also in 2010, former U.S. president [[Bill Clinton]] named GEMS Education a strategic partner of the [[Clinton Global Initiative]], which convened global leaders to devise and implement innovative solutions to some of the world's pressing challenges.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152248/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-224374999.html &quot;Clinton names GEMS strategic partner&quot;.] ''[[Trade Arabia]]''. 12 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://press.clintonglobalinitiative.org/press_releases/president-clinton-former-secretary-of-state-hillary-rodham-clinton-and-chelsea-clinton-announce-more-participants-for-10th-clinton-global-initiative-annual-meeting-and-honorees-and-performers-for-the-/ &quot;President Clinton, Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, and Chelsea Clinton Announce More Participants for 10th Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting and Honorees and Performers for the 8th Clinton Global Citizen AwardsTM&quot;]. [[Clinton Global Initiative]] (press release). ''Press.ClintonGlobalInitiative.org''. 11 September 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2012, the firm received the School of Educators Global Education Awards' Lifetime Achievement Award for Global School Education.&lt;ref&gt;[http://soeawards.com/winners-of-2012/ SOE Awards – Winners of 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528054657/http://soeawards.com/winners-of-2012/ |date=28 May 2015 }}. School of Educators: Global Education Awards. ''SoEAwards.com''. Retrieved 28 April 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Varghese, Joseph. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154149/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-313109959.html &quot;Indian Teacher Wins Award&quot;]. ''[[Qatar Tribune]]''. 27 December 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; That year, it was also named Education Company of the Year at the [[Gulf Business Industry Awards]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LIFETIME+ACHIEVEMENT+AWARD-Gulf+Business+INDUSTRY+AWARDS+2012.-a0305948644 &quot;Lifetime Achievement Award-Gulf Business Industry Awards 2012&quot;]. ''[[Al Bawaba]]''. 26 April 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154034/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-305948644.html &quot;Lifetime Achievement Award-Gulf Business Industry Awards 2012&quot;]. ''Gulf Business''. 18 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; and it also received that same award in 2013.&lt;ref&gt;Buller, Alicia. [http://gulfbusiness.com/2013/09/revealed-the-gulf-business-industry-awards-winners-2013 &quot;Revealed: The Gulf Business Industry Awards Winners 2013&quot;]. ''Gulf Business''. 24 September 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://motivatepublishing.com/2014/02/10/emirates-awarded-uae-company-year-gulf-business-industry-awards-2013/ &quot;Emirates awarded UAE Company of the Year at The Gulf Business Industry Awards 2013&quot;]. Motivate Publishing. ''MotivatePublishing.com''. 24 September 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure and philosophy==<br /> The schools are established in various price brackets, to serve various markets and income levels.&lt;ref name=woodward /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;International Indian&quot;&gt;McNicholas, Mona Parikh; Raj, Frank. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190817003247/http://www.theinternationalindian.com/pdfs/15.5.pdf &quot;Sunny Varkey: Profit &amp; Excellence In Education Go Hand In Hand&quot;]}}. ''The International Indian''. 2008: Issue 5, Volume 15.5. pp. 56–60.&lt;/ref&gt; The more expensive schools have spacious grounds and amenities such as golf and tennis facilities, as well as smaller class sizes.&lt;ref name=guttenplan /&gt;&lt;ref name=chalk&gt;[https://www.economist.com/business/2004/04/29/chalk-talk-and-customer-service &quot;Chalk, talk and customer service&quot;]. ''[[The Economist]]''. 29 April 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When entering into new markets, according to the company, its schools use local partners who understand local conditions, and provide local knowledge that may not be obvious through standard market research.&lt;ref name=kerr /&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the company, its schools aim to instill students with universal values, and to form graduates who are global citizens with leadership qualities.&lt;ref name=hui /&gt;&lt;ref name=woodward /&gt; The company states that the schools aim to equip children to live in a multicultural environment, and stresses the importance of giving back to others both locally and globally.&lt;ref name=peschardt&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT5_ppglB90 ''Peschardt's Business People'' – Segment: Sunny Varkey]. ''[[Peschardt's People]]''. [[BBC TV]]. 9 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==GEMS Education Solutions==<br /> GEMS Education Solutions was the consultancy arm of GEMS Education, providing educational services and advice. It was established in 2011, taking on projects mainly in the UK, Africa, and Asia.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.companiesintheuk.co.uk/ltd/gems-education-solutions GEMS Education Solutions Limited]. ''CompaniesintheUK.co.uk''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=EdInvestorOct2014&gt;{{cite news|title=Chris Kirk to leave GEMS Education|url=http://www.educationinvestor.co.uk/showarticle.aspx?ID=4183|access-date=21 November 2014|work=Education Investor|date=22 October 2014|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129231124/http://www.educationinvestor.co.uk/showarticle.aspx?ID=4183|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; It worked with governments and non-profits, and public and private clients.&lt;ref name=forbespro /&gt;&lt;ref name=hui /&gt;&lt;ref name=block&gt;Rai, Saritha. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/saritharai/2014/04/02/chalk-a-block/ &quot;Billionaire Education Entrepreneur Varkey Takes His Dubai School Chain Worldwide&quot;]. ''[[Forbes]]''. 2 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> One of its projects was assisting and advising the state school system in the [[United Arab Emirates]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-21983193 &quot;Gulf wealth funding state education&quot;]. (video) ''[[BBC News]]''. 30 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Saudi Arabia]], via the Oxford Partnership, it co-managed three newly built women's vocational colleges;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.eyeofriyadh.com/news/details/1396530794- &quot;The Oxford Partnership chosen for Saudi 'Colleges of Excellence'&quot;]. ''Eye of Riyadh''. 4 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; the three-year diploma programmes include training in [[Information technology|IT]], communication, basic sciences, and English language, before moving on to specialisation and on-the-job training.&lt;ref&gt;Smith, Beckie. [http://thepienews.com/news/uk-providers-win-850m-education-contracts-saudi-arabia/ &quot;UK consortia win £850m college contracts in Saudi Arabia&quot;]. ''The Pie''. 15 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Ghana]], the consultancy implemented MGCubed – Making Ghana Girls Great – which equipped two classrooms in each Ghanaian primary school with a computer, projector, satellite modem, and solar panels, creating an interactive distance-learning platform to deliver formal in-school teaching and informal after-school training.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/309611/GEC-project-profiles-April14b.pdf Project profiles]. ''Girls' Education Challenge''. April 2014. p. 13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iatiregistry.org/publisher/about/mgcubed MGCubed – GEMS Education Solutions]. International Aid Transparency Initiative. Retrieved 7 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.poverty-action.org/project/1069 &quot;After-School Girls Empowerment and Satellite-Transmitted Classes in Ghana&quot;]. ''Innovations for Poverty Action''. Retrieved 7 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; The project initially taught 8,000 students in 72 Ghanaian schools, and was Sub-Saharan Africa's first interactive distance-learning project.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140804183429/http://thebftonline.com/content/dfid-gives-green-light-first-interactive-distance-learning-project &quot;DFID gives green light to first interactive distance-learning project&quot;]. ''Business &amp; Financial Times''. 15 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; The program aims to prevent dropping out and under-achieving among girls.&lt;ref&gt;Bramley, Ellie Violet. [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/11/ghana-school-girls-hi-tech-distance-learning &quot;Spider-Man and skiing: Ghana's girls test hi-tech distance-learning scheme&quot;]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 11 July 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, GEMS Education Solutions published &quot;The Efficiency Index&quot;,&lt;ref name=ei&gt;[http://www.edefficiencyindex.com/ The Efficiency Index]. GEMS Education Solutions. ''EdEfficiencyIndex.com''. 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; analyzing which public education systems, by country, deliver the best value for money. Basing its analysis on [[Programme for International Student Assessment]] (PISA) scores, the study also detailed teacher salaries and class sizes in nationwide schools.&lt;ref name=ei /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Marsh, Sarah. [https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2014/sep/05/how-the-job-of-a-teacher-compares-around-the-world &quot;How the job of a teacher compares around the world&quot;]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 5 September 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=nsta&gt;[http://science.nsta.org/sciencematters/sciencematters_2014_09.htm &quot;Education Efficiency Index Gives U.S. Low Ranking&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126055835/http://science.nsta.org/sciencematters/sciencematters_2014_09.htm |date=26 January 2015 }}. ''Science Matters''. [[National Science Teachers Association]]. ''Science.NSTA.org''. September 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.igovnews.com/#!/news/view/540995068d525b683a4ca148 &quot;International Education Report Ranks UK's Education System 11th Most Efficient&quot;]. ''iGovNews.com''. 5 September 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; The study was analyzed in periodicals such as ''[[The Economist]]'',&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.economist.com/news/international/21616978-higher-teacher-pay-and-smaller-classes-are-not-best-education-policies-new-school &quot;New school values&quot;]. ''[[The Economist]]''. 13 September 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Forbes]]'',&lt;ref&gt;Horn, Michael. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelhorn/2014/12/18/obvious-flaws-obviate-new-education-efficiency-index/ &quot;Obvious Flaws Weaken New Education Efficiency Index&quot;]. ''[[Forbes]]''. 18 December 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; and ''[[BBC News]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Coughlan, Sean. [https://www.bbc.com/news/education-29063679 &quot;Bigger classes for budget efficiency&quot;]. ''[[BBC News]]''. 5 September 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Corporate governance ==<br /> Sunny Varkey is the founder of GEMS Education, and as of 2018, was its executive chairman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Founder - Sunny Varkey |url=http://www.gemseducation.com/organisation/about-us/leadership/founder/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025901/http://www.gemseducation.com/organisation/about-us/leadership/founder/ |archive-date=11 April 2018 |website=GEMSeducation.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; His elder son Dino Varkey has been CEO since 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dino Varkey |url=http://www.gemseducation.com/organisation/about-us/leadership/dino-varkey/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506191112/http://www.gemseducation.com/organisation/about-us/leadership/dino-varkey/ |archive-date=6 May 2017 |website=GEMSeducation.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2018, Sunny's younger son Jay Varkey was an executive director and board member.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jay Varkey |url=http://www.gemseducation.com/organisation/about-us/leadership/jay-varkey/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025714/http://www.gemseducation.com/organisation/about-us/leadership/jay-varkey/ |archive-date=11 April 2018 |website=GEMSeducation.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> <br /> ===Middle East and North Africa===<br /> <br /> ====United Arab Emirates====<br /> GEMS Education was founded in [[Dubai]], and its first school there, [[Our Own English High School]], originally opened in 1968. It was later renamed to GEMS United Indian School in 2015. The company still has its strongest presence in Dubai and in the [[United Arab Emirates]]. GEMS is the largest education provider in the UAE, and the UAE accounts for more than 90% of its business.&lt;ref name=six&gt;''[[Reuters]]''. [http://www.arabianbusiness.com/dubai-s-gems-says-plans-build-six-schools-year-536488.html &quot;Dubai's GEMS says plans to build six schools a year&quot;]. ''[[Arabian Business]]''. 28 January 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Following its initial years catering mainly to immigrant Indian workers, GEMS grew rapidly in Dubai. As the emirate developed into an international hub, the expat demographics shifted from short-term workers from a few countries to longterm expat residents with their entire families from countries around the world. The firm adapted with schools for each demographic, varying and adding new curricula and price ranges for each income level and nationality.&lt;ref name=&quot;guttenplan&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=block/&gt;&lt;ref name=six/&gt;&lt;ref name=wharton&gt;[http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/gemss-sunny-varkey-we-offer-different-curricula-at-varying-price-points &quot;GEMS's Sunny Varkey: 'We Offer Different Curricula at Varying Price Points'&quot;]. ''Knowledge@Wharton''. [[Wharton School of Business]]. 20 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With steadily rising immigration, since public schooling was only available for Emirati natives, demand for private schools in Dubai and the UAE often outstripped supply, causing lengthy waiting lists at many schools.&lt;ref name=birth/&gt; Many native Emiratis as well choose to send their children to private schools, and from 2011 to 2015 the number of native Emirati students in GEMS schools rose faster than any other nationality.&lt;ref&gt;Khaishgi, Amna Ehtesham. [https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/education/gems-schools-enrol-rising-number-of-emirati-pupils-1.587286/ &quot;Gems schools enrol rising number of Emirati pupils&quot;]. ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''. 30 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Approximately 90% of students in Dubai were in private schools as of 2013, and with rapidly increasing population, private-school enrolment in Dubai doubled in the decade from 2003 to 2013.&lt;ref name=birth&gt;Hamdan, Sara. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/30/world/middleeast/in-dubai-cost-and-waits-for-school-pose-hurdles.html &quot;In Dubai, Plans for Schooling Start at Birth (or Before)&quot;]. ''[[New York Times]]''. 30 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of 2012, GEMS schools overall in the UAE were reported to have had a general reputation for high-quality academic outcomes, outscoring national testing averages&lt;ref name=mahajan/&gt; and out-performing originating counterparts in official international curricula examinations,&lt;ref name=block/&gt;&lt;ref name=wharton/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;<br /> * Kapur, Shuchita. [http://www.emirates247.com/news/gcse-results-out-uae-outshines-uk-again-2013-08-25-1.518696 &quot;GCSE results out: UAE outshines UK again&quot;]. ''[[Emirates 24/7]]''. 25 August 2013.<br /> * Nazzal, Noor. [http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/education/schools-report-good-showing-in-igcse-gcse-examination-1.1570419 &quot;Schools report good showing in IGCSE/GCSE examination&quot;]. ''[[Gulf News]]''. 20 August 2015.<br /> * Nazzal, Noor. [http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/education/a-level-results-show-continued-growth-in-passing-rate-1.1220715 &quot;A-level results show continued growth in passing rate&quot;]. ''[[Gulf News]]''. 15 August 2013.<br /> * Nazzal, Noor. [http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/education/dubai-gcse-students-perform-well-results-show-1.1223178 &quot;Dubai GCSE students perform well, results show&quot;]. ''[[Gulf News]]''. 22 August 2013.<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; and nearly all students continued on to university.&lt;ref name=mahajan&gt;Mahajan, Vijay. [https://books.google.com/books?id=KbdqOxtdnHMC&amp;pg=PT109 ''The Arab World Unbound: Tapping into the Power of 350 Million Consumers'']. John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2012. pp. 146–147.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2015, GEMS Education and the [[UAE Ministry of Education]] launched an annual UAE National Teacher Prize. The winner receives [[United Arab Emirates dirham|AED]]1{{nbsp}}million, and the 21 top nominees train outside the country at some of the best educational institutions in the world.&lt;ref&gt;[http://teachuae.com/uae-ministry-of-education-and-gems-education-announce-uae-national-teacher-prize/ &quot;UAE Ministry of Education and GEMS Education announce UAE National Teacher Prize&quot;]. ''Teach UAE''. 25 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/education/uae-national-teacher-prize-established-1.10340/ &quot;UAE National Teacher Prize established&quot;]. ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''. 25 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Winners of the prize, now called the Emirates Innovative Teacher Award, are announced annually in February at the Government Summit.&lt;ref&gt;Nazzal, Noor. [http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/government/emirati-teacher-wins-dh1m-award-1.1668576 &quot;Emirati teacher wins Dh1m award&quot;]. ''[[Gulf News]]''. 8 February 2016.<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[WAM (Emirates news agency)|WAM]]. [http://www.emirates247.com/news/government/mohammed-honours-innovative-teachers-2016-02-09-1.620304 &quot;Mohammed honours innovative teachers&quot;]. ''[[Emirates 24/7]]''. 9 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.educationjournalme.com/news/emirati-teacher-from-rak-bags-emirates-innovative-teacher-award-_380 &quot;Emirati teacher from RAK bags Emirates Innovative Teacher Award&quot;]. ''Education Journal''. 9 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[GEMS World Academy]] in Dubai, which opened in 2008, is the company's flagship school, and is one of the most expensive schools in Dubai.&lt;ref name=birth/&gt;&lt;ref name=BloombergRefDec31&gt;{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Matthew|title=Cashing in on Dubai's School-Seat Lottery|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119153913/http://www.businessweekme.com/Bloomberg/newsmid/190/newsid/343|url=http://businessweekme.com/Bloomberg/newsmid/190/newsid/343|archive-date=19 January 2015|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=31 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; An International Baccalaureate school, its enrolment consists of approximately 2,000 students from more than 80 nationalities.&lt;ref name=block/&gt; It has extensive facilities for sciences, the arts, languages, sports, and dining.&lt;ref name=lewis/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murphy, Adrian. [http://www.emirates247.com/eb247/news/national/is-this-gem-the-best-school-on-the-planet-2008-08-23-1.224877 &quot;Is this gem the best school on the planet?&quot;]. ''[[Emirates 24/7]]''. 23 August 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Our Own English High School]] in Dubai, now exclusively for girls, had a 2014 enrollment of 10,000 and tuition that is approximately one-tenth that of [[GEMS World Academy (Dubai)]].&lt;ref name=lewis/&gt;&lt;ref name=block/&gt; As of 2014, it was the world's largest single-location girls school, and offered an Indian curriculum.&lt;ref name=block/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[GEMS American Academy, Abu Dhabi]] opened in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;[[WAM (Emirates News Agency)|WAM]]. [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20111213/ARTICLE/312139975/1002 &quot;Clinton opens GEMS American Academy-Abu Dhabi&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305142414/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20111213/ARTICLE/312139975/1002 |date=5 March 2016 }}. ''[[Khaleej Times]]''. 13 December 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, a team of three students from the school competed at [[New York University]]'s annual Digital Forensics Competition, along with 11 other teams chosen from over 800 teams around the world.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/education/gems-students-chosen-for-forensics-contest &quot;GEMS students chosen for forensics contest&quot;]. ''[[Khaleej Times]]''. 15 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2012, Cambridge International School, Dubai was the only school in the UAE to be named by [[Microsoft]] as one of the Innovative Pathfinder Schools from around the world.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.albawaba.com/business/pr/microsoft-gems-454159 &quot;Microsoft names GEMS Cambridge International School–Dubai as the only Global Pathfinder School in the UAE&quot;]. ''[[Al Bawaba]]''. 4 December 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015 the school, which follows the British curriculum, was recognized as the top school for [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] in Dubai, in the Education Perfect's global language-learning competition.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zawya.com/story/GEMS_Education_School_places_first_for_Arabic_in_Dubai_in_global_language_learning_competition-ZAWYA20150420115720/ &quot;GEMS Education School places first for Arabic in Dubai in global language learning competition&quot;]. ''[[Zawya]]''. 20 April 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2016, GEMS Founders School Dubai (GFS) opened its doors in September 2016 to over 1800 students from FS1 – Year 8. This is the most successful school opening in GEMS Education history in terms of enrolment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GEMS Founders School - Dubai Branch |url=https://schoolfinder.ae/listing/gems-founders-school-dubai-branch/ |access-date=11 February 2025 |website=School Finder United Arab Emirates (UAE) |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> GEMS improved safety measures for bus transportation of students by the [[STS Group (Dubai)|STS Group]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=KT Impact: School group to put nannies on all buses |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/gulf/world/kt-impact-school-group-to-put-nannies-on-all-buses |website=Khaleej Times |access-date=8 November 2024 |date=19 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[GEMS Our Own Indian School]], Dubai developed GardenX, a digital garden and produce-management app built in collaboration with [https://falak.me Falak.me], enabling the school community to track and order vegetables grown through on-campus hydroponic and aquaponic systems. Through this initiative, the school sold over 100,000 kg of fruits and vegetables in a single year, supporting sustainability education and community engagement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saseendran |first=Sajila |date=2025-06-05 |title=Dubai school grows 100,000kg of fruits and vegetables in a year |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/dubai-school-grows-100000kg-of-fruits-and-vegetables-in-a-year-1.500153182 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2025, GEMS Education announced that it would open [[GEMS School of Research and Innovation]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GEMS School of Research &amp; Innovation |url=https://gems-sri.com |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=GEMS School of Research &amp; Innovation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The US$100M school will be the most expensive ever opened, and will have the highest fees of any school, when it opens in August 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Westley |first=David |date=12 January 2025 |title=New School: GEMS School of Research to be UAE's Most Expensive... and Ambitious |url=https://schoolscompared.com/uae/news/new-school-gems-school-of-research-to-be-uaes-most-expensive-and-ambitious |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=SchoolsCompared.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The British curriculum school will specialise in Artificial Intelligence, and its facilities include an Olympics-standard 50M swimming Pool.<br /> <br /> ====Elsewhere in MENA/WANA====<br /> In 2010, the firm took over the management of Kingdom Schools, a subsidiary of [[Kingdom Holding Company]], in [[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.arabnews.com/node/355639 &quot;Kingdom Schools announces tie-up with GEMS Education&quot;]. ''[[Arab News]]''. 21 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lippman, Thomas W. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bmJsfmqb-j0C&amp;pg=PA132 ''Saudi Arabia on the Edge: The Uncertain Future of an American Ally'']. Potomac Books, 2012. p. 132.&lt;/ref&gt; The two school campuses, one for boys and one for girls, cover kindergarten through to high school and were established in 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=69466386 Company Overview of Kingdom Schools Company]. ''[[Bloomberg Business]]''. Retrieved 27 January 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; The school caters to affluent, mainly Saudi families, and teaches a bilingual English-Arabic and international curriculum.&lt;ref name=advanced&gt;Al Mulhem, Nasser. [http://www.advanc-ed.org/oasis2/u/par/accreditation/summary/pdf;jsessionid=E75BBDA455EB0C66CCEBF7572BD67BFD?institutionId=35682 ''Executive Summary: Kingdom Schools'']. AdvancED. ''Advanc-ED.org''. 9 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2012, GEMS opened The World Academy in [[King Abdullah Economic City]] (KAEC) in [[Saudi Arabia]]. It covers kindergarten through to high school, and was the new city's first school.&lt;ref name=standards&gt;[http://www.arabnews.com/kaec-world-academy-sets-new-standards &quot;KAEC World Academy sets new standards&quot;]. ''[[Arab News]]''. 18 September 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; It offers the International American curriculum leading to International Baccalaureate certification.&lt;ref name=standards/&gt;&lt;ref name=kaec&gt;[http://www.kaec.net/press_releases/kaec-constructing-more-educational-facilities-for-the-world-academy/ &quot;KAEC constructing more educational facilities for The World Academy&quot;]. [[King Abdullah Economic City]]. ''KAET.net''. 4 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The company opened its first school in [[Qatar]], GEMS American Academy, in September 2014. Located in [[Al Wakrah (municipality)|Al Wakrah]], and covering kindergarten through to high school,&lt;ref name=qatar/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dohafamily.com/Schools-and-Tutoring-Services/index.php/name/GEMS-American-Academy/listing/33233/ &quot;Schools and Tutoring Services: GEMS American Academy&quot;]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Doha Family''. Retrieved 28 January 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; it offers an American curriculum based around the United States [[Common Core State Standards Initiative|Common Core State Standards]].&lt;ref name=qatar&gt;[http://www.qatar-tribune.com/viewnews.aspx?n=08F032A3-F4DC-4481-9F2E-38966B234D35&amp;d=20140827 &quot;1st Gems-owned school to open in Sept&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204101245/http://www.qatar-tribune.com/viewnews.aspx?n=08F032A3-F4DC-4481-9F2E-38966B234D35&amp;d=20140827 |date=4 February 2016 }}. ''[[Qatar Tribune]]''. 27 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Trenwith, Courtney. [http://www.arabianbusiness.com/gems-first-qatar-school-ready-open-562670.html &quot;GEMS' first Qatar school ready to open&quot;]. ''[[Arabian Business]]''. 27 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the fall of 2015, the firm opened GEMS Wellington School–Qatar, in Al Wakrah. It features the [[National Curriculum for England|English National Curriculum]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/news/qatar/358994/new-private-school-with-english-national-curriculum-opens &quot;New private school with English National Curriculum opens&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207013133/http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/news/qatar/358994/new-private-school-with-english-national-curriculum-opens |date=7 February 2016 }}. ''[[The Peninsula (newspaper)|The Peninsula]]''. 16 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; and covers pre-school through to high school.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.qatar-tribune.com/viewnews.aspx?n=C3489C1D-D443-4E73-9DE1-8DFF797E48D8&amp;d=20151118 &quot;Gems Wellington School opens in Qatar&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204103946/http://www.qatar-tribune.com/viewnews.aspx?n=C3489C1D-D443-4E73-9DE1-8DFF797E48D8&amp;d=20151118 |date=4 February 2016 }}. ''[[Qatar Tribune]]''. 18 November 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Europe===<br /> <br /> GEMS acquired and opened schools in England beginning in 2003. Most of its schools in the UK were independent coeducational day schools.<br /> <br /> In the fall of 2003, it acquired Sherborne House in [[Hampshire]] – a school for ages 3–11 that was founded in 1933.&lt;ref name=sherborne&gt;[http://privateschoolsinhampshire.co.uk/sherborne-house-school/ Sherborne House School, Chandler's Ford, Hampshire]. ''PrivateSchoolsInHampshire.co.uk''. Retrieved 4 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; It is sited on a four-acre campus,&lt;ref name=sherborne/&gt; and in 2013 a new block of classrooms was added.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/10663264.New_block_at_Sherborne_House_School__Chandler_s_Ford__opened_by_MP/ &quot;New block at Sherborne House School, Chandler's Ford, opened by MP&quot;]. ''[[Southern Daily Echo|Daily Echo]]''. 9 September 2013 .&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Also in the fall of 2003, the company acquired Bury Lawn School in [[Milton Keynes]], northwest of London. The school had been founded in 1970 and was moved to its current site in 1987, and it caters to ages 3–18.&lt;ref name=mkheritage/&gt; In 2005, parents complained publicly following the departure of the fourth head teacher in two years; some parents had also objected to the increase in class sizes from 18 to 24 after GEMS acquired the school.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4579787.stm &quot;Parents' revolt at private school&quot;]. ''[[BBC News]]''. 25 May 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shaw, Michael. [https://www.tes.com/article.aspx?storycode=398203 &quot;Economy class private schools&quot;]. ''[[TES (magazine)|TES]]''. 30 July 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ward&gt;Ward, Lucy. [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/aug/17/schools.publicschools &quot;Model schools for a niche market&quot;]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 16 August 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; GEMS subsequently withdrew from plans to sponsor two [[Academy (English school)|academies]], or state-funded independent schools, in Milton Keynes.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4091220.stm &quot;Firm pulls out of academy scheme&quot;]. ''[[BBC News]]''. 14 June 2005.&lt;/ref&gt; At Bury Lawn it added a new sports hall, music room, dance and drama studio, ICT lab, mathematics department,&lt;ref name=mkheritage&gt;[http://www.mkheritage.co.uk/dmk/exhibitions/22/13.pdf Bury Lawn School]. Milton Keynes Heritage Association. Retrieved 11 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; and four new science labs.&lt;ref name=mkheritage/&gt; In September 2011 the school was renamed after urban designer [[Melvin M. Webber]], who was responsible for Milton Keynes' unique city layout, and it became the Webber Independent School, with a new head teacher and a new focus.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.miltonkeynes.co.uk/news/business/business-news/school-s-new-identity-for-start-of-term-1-2977198 &quot;School's new identity for start of term&quot;]. ''[[Milton Keynes Citizen]]''. 2 September 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.perception-pr.co.uk/bury-lawn-reveals-its-new-image.html &quot;Bury Lawn Reveals Its New Image&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414230135/http://www.perception-pr.co.uk/bury-lawn-reveals-its-new-image.html |date=14 April 2016 }}. ''Perception-PR.co.uk''. September 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004, the firm acquired the site for [[Sherfield School]] – the historic estate Sherfield Manor in Hampshire, set on more than 70 acres.&lt;ref name=ukb/&gt;&lt;ref name=manor&gt;Garfield, Richard. [http://www.basingstokegazette.co.uk/memories/4235680.Noble_and_rich_history_of_Sherfield_Manor/ &quot;Noble and rich history of Sherfield Manor&quot;]. ''[[Basingstoke Gazette]]''. 25 March 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; The site had previously been a girls' boarding school, [[North Foreland Lodge]], since 1947.&lt;ref name=manor/&gt; GEMS started Sherfield School as a coeducational day school, and added boarding facilities in 2010 and 2015.&lt;ref name=ukb&gt;[http://www.ukboardingschools.com/schools/sherfield-school/ Sherfield School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923000036/http://www.ukboardingschools.com/schools/sherfield-school/ |date=23 September 2016 }}. ''UKboardingschools.com''. Retrieved 29 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.basingstokegazette.co.uk/news/13489712.Plans_for_new_accommodation_block_at_Sherfield_School_unveiled/ &quot;Plans for new accommodation block at Sherfield School unveiled&quot;]. ''[[Basingstoke Gazette]]''. 22 July 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; The school covers ages 3 months to 18 years, and is an [[International Baccalaureate]] school.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ibsca.org.uk/index.php/sherfield-school Sherfield School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518004301/http://www.ibsca.org.uk/index.php/sherfield-school |date=18 May 2016 }}. IB Schools and Colleges Association. Retrieved 29 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004, GEMS also acquired [[The Hampshire School, Chelsea]] in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[London]].&lt;ref name=&quot;id=437&quot;&gt;[http://www.independentschools.co.uk/advanced_listing.php?school_ID=437 The Hampshire School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417074113/http://www.independentschools.co.uk/advanced_listing.php?school_ID=437 |date=17 April 2016 }}. ''IndependentSchools.co.uk''. Retrieved 29 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; The school was founded by June Hampshire in [[Surrey]] in 1928, and moved to London in 1933.&lt;ref name=isihampshire&gt;[http://www.thehampshireschoolchelsea.co.uk/userfiles/files/GEMS%20Hampshire%20Final%20ISI%20Report%202015.pdf Integrated Inspection: GEMS Hampshire School]. [[Independent Schools Inspectorate]]. 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;id=437&quot;/&gt; It is an independent co-educational day school for children between the ages of 3 and 13,&lt;ref name=isihampshire/&gt; and since 2009 has been housed in the historic Chelsea Library.&lt;ref name=teachinlondon&gt;[http://www.teachinlondon.net/Employer.aspx?EmpNo=37867 GEMS Hampshire School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417090332/http://www.teachinlondon.net/Employer.aspx?EmpNo=37867 |date=17 April 2016 }}. ''TeachInLondon.net''. Retrieved 3 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehampshireschoolchelsea.co.uk/our-school-history-of-the-school.aspx History of the School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329231027/http://thehampshireschoolchelsea.co.uk/our-school-history-of-the-school.aspx |date=29 March 2016 }}. ''TheHampshireSchoolChelsea.co.uk''. Retrieved 3 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/schools/154690/the-hampshire-school-chelsea/BD4C573#tab_review The Hampshire School, Chelsea]. ''[[The Good Schools Guide]]''. Retrieved 4 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; The company had acquired The Hampshire School, Chelsea from [[Nord Anglia Education]].&lt;ref name=teachinlondon/&gt; At that time in 2004 GEMS acquired a total of 10 schools, seven of them in northern England, from Nord Anglia, which had re-focused on its nursery-school business.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/3836509.stm &quot;Independent schools change hands&quot;]. ''[[BBC News]]''. 24 June 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2007 GEMS announced the sale of [[Scarisbrick Hall School|Kingswood College]] in Lancashire to developers, citing the high costs of maintaining its premises, [[Scarisbrick Hall]], a historic 19th-century Grade I listed building;&lt;ref&gt;Frean, Alexandra. [https://www.thetimes.com/uk/education/article/costs-force-closure-of-no-frills-private-school-2lbr33jsjl9 &quot;Costs force closure of no-frills private school&quot;]. ''[[The Times]]''. 11 January 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; local supporters purchased it and kept it open as a school.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.southportvisiter.co.uk/news/southport-news/amazing-year-scarisbricks-kingswood-college-6630587 &quot;Amazing year at Scarisbrick's Kingswood College&quot;]. ''Southport Visiter''. 11 January 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; By July 2013 GEMS had sold all of its schools in the north of England.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.educationinvestor.co.uk/ShowArticle.aspx?ID=3415 &quot;Exclusive: GEMS sells its northern schools portfolio&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108160606/http://www.educationinvestor.co.uk/ShowArticle.aspx?ID=3415 |date=8 November 2014 }}. ''Education Investor''. 17 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; After class sizes dropped to less than half, GEMS also sold Bolitho School in Penzance in 2015; it had taken over the school in 2010 when it was in receivership and when pupil numbers were already in decline.&lt;ref&gt;Williams, John. [http://www.cornishman.co.uk/New-owners-Penzance-s-independent-Bolitho-School/story-27896266-detail/story.html &quot;New owners for Penzance's independent Bolitho School&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014114252/http://www.cornishman.co.uk/New-owners-Penzance-s-independent-Bolitho-School/story-27896266-detail/story.html |date=14 October 2015 }}. ''[[The Cornishman (newspaper)|The Cornishman]]''. 30 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013, the company set up GEMS Learning Trust, an education charity with [[Academy (English school)|academy]]-sponsorship status approved by the [[Department for Education]], and established to run no-fee [[free school (England)|free schools]] and academies in the UK.&lt;ref name=glt2014&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131014210142/http://www.gemslearningtrust.org/contents.php?pageid=5163 About GEMS Learning Trust]. ''GEMSLearningTrust.org''. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; It was sponsored by GEMS Education Solutions, the public-sector management and delivery arm of GEMS Education.&lt;ref name=glt2014/&gt; Its Twickenham Primary Academy opened in September 2015 in [[Twickenham]], [[Richmond upon Thames]], London;&lt;ref name=twickenhamentry&gt;[http://www.richmond.gov.uk/gems_twickenham_primary_admissions_criteria_2016.pdf GEMS Twickenham Primary Academy Admissions Arrangements for Entry in September 2016]. ''Richmond.gov.uk''. Retrieved 5 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/11290610.Two_free_primary_schools_get_Department_for_Education_approval/ &quot;Two free primary schools In Richmond get Department for Education approval&quot;]. ''[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]]''. 22 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; beginning with [[Reception (school)|Reception]] classes, it catered to children ages 4 to 11.&lt;ref name=twickenhamentry/&gt; Its Didcot Primary Academy, for nursery to age 11, opened in September 2016 in [[Didcot, Oxfordshire]] in a new development designed to accommodate the town's expanding population.&lt;ref&gt;Campbellon, Loughlan. [http://www.oxfordshireguardian.co.uk/designs-unveiled-for-new-didcot-primary-school/ &quot;Designs unveiled for new Didcot primary school&quot;]. ''[[Oxfordshire Guardian]]''. 4 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The firm's first school in continental Europe was the GEMS World Academy Switzerland, opened in the fall of 2013 in [[Étoy, Switzerland|Etoy, Switzerland]] in the [[Lake Geneva]].&lt;ref&gt;Curtis, Malcolm. [http://www.thelocal.ch/20121104/dubai-firm-to-open-162-million-franc-school &quot;Dubai firm to open 162-million-franc school&quot;] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329134531/http://www.thelocal.ch/20121104/dubai-firm-to-open-162-million-franc-school |date=29 March 2016 }}. ''[[The Local]]''. 4 November 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=lunch /&gt; It opened in the fall of 2013 for students from pre-school through grade 12,&lt;ref name=&quot;style&quot;&gt;Demaurex, Jane Tenorio. [http://www.swissstyle.com/gems-world-academy-etoy/ &quot;GEMS World Academy-Etoy: Switzerland's New, World-Class International School&quot;]. ''Swiss Style''. 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; and up to 1,000 students.&lt;ref name=&quot;lunch&quot;&gt;Wallace, Ellen. [http://genevalunch.com/2012/11/01/new-intl-school-to-open-in-vaud-in-september/ &quot;New int'l school to open in Vaud in September&quot;]. ''Geneva Lunch''.<br /> 1 November 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; It was an English-speaking school with an added emphasis on French, and catered to the international populace of the area as well as to local Swiss families seeking an international education for their children.&lt;ref name=&quot;lunch&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;detaille&quot;&gt;Modoux, François. [http://www.letemps.ch/Page/Uuid/00f69fd2-9275-11e2-929e-fe962a42a8e0/La_future_%C3%A9cole_priv%C3%A9e_dEtoy_d%C3%A9taille_son_plan_p%C3%A9dagogique &quot;La future école privée d'Etoy détaille son plan pédagogique&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927182639/http://www.letemps.ch/Page/Uuid/00f69fd2-9275-11e2-929e-fe962a42a8e0/La_future_%C3%A9cole_priv%C3%A9e_dEtoy_d%C3%A9taille_son_plan_p%C3%A9dagogique |date=27 September 2015 }}. ''[[Le Temps]]''. 22 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; The school closed in June 2019,&lt;ref&gt;Laurent, Jocelyne. [https://www.lacote.ch/articles/regions/district-de-morges/etoy-l-ambitieuse-ecole-privee-gems-avait-vu-trop-grand-844599 &quot;Etoy: l'ambitieuse école privée GEMS avait vu trop grand&quot;]. ''La Côte''. 31 May 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Merz, Yves. [https://www.24heures.ch/vaud-regions/la-cote/l-ecole-privee-gems-a-etoy-va-cesser-ses-activites/story/19302007 &quot;L'école privée GEMS à Étoy va cesser ses activités&quot;]. ''[[24 heures (Switzerland)|24 heures]]''. 31 May 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LaLiberte&quot;&gt;[[Swiss Telegraphic Agency|ATS]]. [https://www.laliberte.ch/news-agence/detail/gems-cessera-son-activite-a-etoy-a-la-fin-de-l-ete/520333 &quot;GEMS cessera son activité à Etoy à la fin de l'été&quot;]. ''[[La Liberté (Switzerland)|La Liberté]]''. 3 June 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; and an agreement was reached with [[La Côte International School]] to ensure enrolment for the school's students.&lt;ref name=&quot;LaLiberte&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 2013, GEMS Education acquired its first school in France, [[:fr:École des Roches|Ecole des Roches]], a 60-acre international boarding school founded in 1899 in Normandy.&lt;ref name=leading&gt;[http://ameinfo.com/finance-and-economy/economy/education/leading-french-institute-ecole-des-roches-becomes-part-gems-family-schools/ &quot;Leading French institute Ecole des Roches becomes part of GEMS family of schools&quot;]. ''[[AMEinfo.com]]''. 1 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=rever /&gt; The school, for students age 6 to 19, caters to a clientele from over 100 countries.&lt;ref name=leading /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lalay, Jean-Christophe. [http://www.ouest-france.fr/aux-roches-les-riches-vont-lecole-3687025 &quot;Aux Roches, les riches vont à l'école&quot;]. ''[[Ouest-France]]''. 12 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lalay, Jean-Christophe. [http://www.ouest-france.fr/leditiondusoir/data/576/reader/reader.html#!preferred/1/package/576/pub/577/page/10 &quot;Dans l'Eure, une école pour enfants très riches&quot;]. ''[[Ouest-France]]''. 11 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; It invested €5{{nbsp}}million for a five-year large-scale expansion, redevelopment, and modernization of the school.&lt;ref name=rever&gt;Laïdi, Malik. [http://www.lechorepublicain.fr/eure-et-loir/actualite/pays/pays-drouais/2014/03/22/dubai-fait-rever-lecole-des-roches_1929072.html &quot;Dubaï fait rêver l'École des Roches&quot;]. ''[[:fr:L'Écho républicain|L'Écho républicain]]''. 22 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=lifting /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Khosrovani, Kamran. [http://www.aern.fr/node/55075 &quot;École des Roches et Gems Education&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928055030/http://www.aern.fr/node/55075 |date=28 September 2015 }}. ''Les Anciens de l'École des Roches Normandie''. 10 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=afrique /&gt;&lt;ref name=voile&gt;Rebours, Laurent. [http://www.lereveilnormand.fr/2015/06/17/ecole-des-roches-le-voile-se-leve-sur-de-grands-projets/ &quot;Ecole des Roches: le voile se lève sur de grands projets&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927222600/http://www.lereveilnormand.fr/2015/06/17/ecole-des-roches-le-voile-se-leve-sur-de-grands-projets/ |date=27 September 2015 }}. ''[[:fr:Le Réveil normand|Le Réveil normand]]''. 19 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; 2014 was the first year of GEMS operation of the school,&lt;ref name=journee&gt;[http://www.paris-normandie.fr/detail_communes/articles/3432516/une-journee-de-festivites &quot;Verneuil-sur-Avre: une journée de festivités à l'École des Roches&quot;]. ''[[:fr:Paris Normandie|Paris Normandie]]''. 15 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; and it announced an intention to double or triple Ecole des Roches's 400-student boarding and day enrolment over five years.&lt;ref name=rever /&gt;&lt;ref name=lifting&gt;Laïdi, Malik. [http://www.lechorepublicain.fr/eure-et-loir/actualite/pays/pays-drouais/2015/06/20/la-prestigieuse-ecole-des-roches-de-verneuil-sur-avre-prepare-son-lifting_11489233.html &quot;La prestigieuse école des Roches, de Verneuil-sur-Avre, prépare son lifting&quot;]. ''[[:fr:L'Écho républicain|L'Écho républicain]]''. 20 June 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Foucault, Johann. [http://www.lereveilnormand.fr/2014/12/29/lecole-des-roches-va-creer-plus-de-150-emplois/ &quot;L'Ecole des Roches va créer plus de 150 emplois&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928013244/http://www.lereveilnormand.fr/2014/12/29/lecole-des-roches-va-creer-plus-de-150-emplois/ |date=28 September 2015 }}. ''[[:fr:Le Réveil normand|Le Réveil normand]]''. 29 December 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; The school offers a combination of the British and French curriculums.&lt;ref name=afrique&gt;Clémençot, Julien. [http://www.jeuneafrique.com/45966/societe/lites-africaines-l-cole-des-riches-euh-des-roches/ &quot;Élites africaines: l'École des riches, eu ... des roches!&quot;] ''[[Jeune Afrique]]''. 29 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=voile /&gt; As of 2015, it also offered French immersion courses for international students during the summer, French-immersion exchange programmes throughout the year, and summer English courses.&lt;ref name=leading /&gt;&lt;ref name=samedi&gt;[http://www.lereveilnormand.fr/2015/03/25/lecole-des-roches-ouvre-ses-portes-samedi-28-mars/ &quot;L'Ecole des Roches ouvre ses portes samedi 28 mars&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928002158/http://www.lereveilnormand.fr/2015/03/25/lecole-des-roches-ouvre-ses-portes-samedi-28-mars/ |date=28 September 2015 }}. ''[[:fr:Le Réveil normand|Le Réveil normand]]''. 25 March 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===India===<br /> <br /> GEMS International School&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gurgaon|first=Gems International School|title=Gems International School|url=https://gemsinternationalschoolgurgaon.com/|access-date=2 April 2021|website=Gems International School|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]] opened in 2010.&lt;ref name=jewel&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.gemslearninggateway.com/parents/outbox/2011-04-April/Pages/13_GEMS_India_Creating-Models-of-Educational-Excellence.aspx |title=&quot;GEMS India - A jewel in the crown&quot; |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094904/https://www.gemslearninggateway.com/parents/outbox/2011-04-April/Pages/13_GEMS_India_Creating-Models-of-Educational-Excellence.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> GEMS Modern Academy in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]] opened in 2019. The school is set in an 8.3-acre campus in [[SmartCity, Kochi|Smart City]] and offers an International Baccalaureate syllabus as well as the Cambridge curriculum.&lt;ref name=&quot;GEMS&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/feb/06/a-gem-in-the-making-1934927.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209053025/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/feb/06/a-gem-in-the-making-1934927.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 February 2019|title=A GEM in the making |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===United States===<br /> In the fall of 2012, GEMS Education opened its first school in the United States, Little GEMS International-Chicago, a pre-school in [[Chicago]]'s [[Lincoln Park, Chicago|Lincoln Park]] neighborhood,&lt;ref name=visitclark&gt;[http://visitclarkstreet.com/little-gems-international-preschool-listing-105.php Little GEMS International Preschool] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407054908/http://visitclarkstreet.com/little-gems-international-preschool-listing-105.php |date=7 April 2017 }}. ''VisitClarkStreet.com''. Retrieved 3 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=trixie&gt;Lydersen, Kari. [http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20140419/ISSUE01/304199982/trixie-and-chad-have-kids &quot;Trixie and Chad have kids!&quot;]. ''[[Crain's Chicago Business]]''. 19 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; for ages six weeks to five years.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160313143620/http://www.chicagobusiness.com/private-school-planner/little-gems-intl-pre-school.html &quot;Crain's 2015 Private School Planner: Little GEMS International Pre-School&quot;]. ''[[Crain's Chicago Business]]''. Retrieved 13 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Also in Chicago, in 2014 the company opened [[GEMS World Academy-Chicago]],&lt;ref name=ChicagoWorldAcademy&gt;{{cite news|title=First GEMS World Academy K-12 School Opens in the United States|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/first-gems-world-academy-k-12-school-opens-in-the-united-states-209903261.html|work=[[PR Newswire]]|date=3 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an [[International Baccalaureate]] school&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ibo.org/en/school/050949 GEMS World Academy - Chicago]. [[International Baccalaureate]]. Retrieved 10 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; located in Chicago's [[Lakeshore East]] development.&lt;ref&gt;Sims, Stephanie. [http://michiganavemag.com/chicago-new-luxury-buidlings-focus-on-building-communities &quot;Chicago's New Residences Are Focused on Building Communities&quot;]. ''Michigan Avenue''. 3 December 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; A preschool to eighth grade building opened in 2014,&lt;ref&gt;Pepitone, Sara. [http://www.interiordesign.net/articles/8985-iida-illinois-chapter-2015-red-awards/ &quot;IIDA Illinois Chapter Names RED Award Winners&quot;]. ''[[Interior Design (magazine)|Interior Design]]''. 1 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dunlap, Aaron. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170407143452/http://chicago.curbed.com/2014/8/15/10060174/gems-academy-update &quot;Checking In On GEMS World Academy in Lakeshore East&quot;]. ''[[Curbed|Curbed Chicago]]''. 15 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;American Institute of Architects Chicago. [https://books.google.com/books?id=n28PBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA31 ''AIA Guide to Chicago'']. University of Illinois Press, 2014. p. 31.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Chicago Architecture Foundation]]. [http://openhousechicago.org/sites/site/gems-world-academy/ &quot;GEMS World Academy&quot;]. ''[[Open House Chicago]]''. Retrieved 10 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; with an upper school for grades nine through 12 scheduled to open in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gemsworldacademy-chicago.com/page/News-Detail?pk=860606&amp;fromId=200330 &quot;GEMS Launching Upper School Program Next Year&quot;]. ''GEMSWorldAcademy-Chicago.com''. 10 August 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; In 2014, the school instituted a citywide $50,000 GEMS Education Chicago Teacher Award.&lt;ref&gt;Rubin, C. M. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/c-m-rubin/the-global-search-for-edu_b_5518788.html &quot;The Global Search for Education: Teacher I Need You&quot;]. ''[[Huffington Post]]''. 22 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Runyon, Cathy. [http://www.mlive.com/jenison/index.ssf/2014/07/post_23.html &quot;Jenison graduate named top Chicago teacher&quot;]. ''[[MLive]]''. 24 July 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013, the company sought a location to build a school on the [[Upper East Side]] of [[New York City]]; proceedings were eventually abandoned amidst litigation relating to property contracts.&lt;ref name=NewYorkLawSuits&gt;{{cite news|last1=Pincus|first1=Adam|title=SL Green is latest to sue over failed UES school project|url=http://therealdeal.com/blog/2014/08/29/sl-green-is-latest-to-sue-over-failed-ues-school-project/|access-date=1 January 2015|work=[[The Real Deal (magazine)|The Real Deal]]|date=29 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the early 2010s, the firm's consultancy arm, GEMS Education Solutions, partnered in managing some U.S. schools. In 2009 Manny Rivera, at the time CEO of GEMS Education Solutions and GEMS Americas, formed Global Partnership Schools with former New York City Schools Chancellor [[Rudy Crew]].&lt;ref&gt;Lambeck, Linda Conner. [http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/More-information-sought-on-firm-that-s-hired-to-534471.php &quot;More information sought on firm that's hired to 'restart' Harding high&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407054744/http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/More-information-sought-on-firm-that-s-hired-to-534471.php |date=7 April 2017 }}. ''[[Connecticut Post]]''. 23 June 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newlondon.org/common/pages/DisplayFile.aspx?itemId=462349 &quot;New London Public Schools Welcomes Dr. Manuel J. Rivera as Superintendent of Schools&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407055022/http://www.newlondon.org/common/pages/DisplayFile.aspx?itemId=462349 |date=7 April 2017 }}. New London Public Schools. ''NewLondon.org''. 3 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=reverabio&gt;{{cite web|title=Dr. Manuel J. Rivera – Biography|url=http://www.nancyonnorwalk.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Rivera-Background-Materials.pdf|website=NancyOnNorwalk.com|access-date=6 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Global Partnership Schools, in partnership with GEMS Education Solutions, and financed by newly available three-year federal [[School Improvement Grant]]s (SIG), managed some previously failing schools in the U.S. beginning in 2010.&lt;ref name=hechingerklein/&gt; Results, as with many SIG recipients from 2010 to 2012, were mixed;&lt;ref name=hechingerbrownstein&gt;Brownstein, Andrew. [http://hechingerreport.org/trying-to-turn-around-schools-while-slashing-budgets/ &quot;Trying to turn around schools while slashing budgets&quot;]. ''[[The Hechinger Report]]''. 15 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=hechingerklein&gt;Klein, Alyson. [http://hechingerreport.org/whats-the-payoff-for-3-billion-in-school-improvement-grants/ &quot;What's the payoff for $4.6 billion in School Improvement Grants?&quot;]. ''[[The Hechinger Report]]''. 15 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;* Jochim, Ashley. [https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Jochim_FINAL.pdf &quot;Carrots, Sticks, and Sermons: How Policy Shapes Educational Entrepreneurship&quot;]. [[American Enterprise Institute]]. From: Center on Reinventing Public Education, [[University of Washington]]. 24 June 2015.<br /> * {{cite news|title=City schools with federal turnaround grants have mixed results|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2012/04/16/city-schools-with-federal-turnaround-grants-have-mixed-results/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306215902/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2012-04-16/news/bs-md-turnaround-schools-20120416_1_city-schools-global-partnership-schools-sig-schools|archive-date=6 March 2016|work=The Baltimore Sun|url-status=live|date=16 April 2012}}<br /> * {{cite web|last1=Conner Lambeck|first1=Linda|title=How Bridgeport High Schools fared on CAPT|url=http://blog.ctnews.com/education/2012/07/25/how-bridgeport-high-schools-fared-on-capt/|website=Education Matters|date=25 July 2012|access-date=7 January 2015|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109152742/http://blog.ctnews.com/education/2012/07/25/how-bridgeport-high-schools-fared-on-capt/|url-status=dead}}<br /> * [http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-373 SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT GRANTS: Education Should Take Additional Steps to Enhance Accountability for Schools and Contractors]. [[Government Accountability Office]]. GAO-12-373: 11 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; in August 2012, the company declined to renew its contract with one school district.&lt;ref name=DenverPostJan2012&gt;{{cite news|last1=Augé|first1=Karen|title=Five failing schools to lose money supposed to help them improve|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2012/10/31/five-failing-schools-to-lose-money-supposed-to-help-them-improve/|access-date=7 January 2015|work=Denver Post|date=11 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The combined partnership company also sponsored two new [[charter schools]] in Ohio called Believe to Achieve Academies beginning in the fall of 2012; they closed in late June 2014 due to inability to meet enrollment goals.&lt;ref name=cantonRepMay2014&gt;{{cite news|last1=Young|first1=Kelli|title=Believe to Achieve Academy to close June 30|url=http://www.cantonrep.com/article/20140509/News/140509038|access-date=6 January 2015|work=CantonRep.com|publisher=Canton Rep|date=9 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=BelieveAchieveClosures&gt;{{cite web|title=Believe to Achieve Academies (Canton and Cleveland) to close|url=http://www.clevelandta.org/sites/default/files/news/Ohio%20Council%20of%20Community%20Schools%20-%20Believe%20to%20Achieve%20Acadamies%20to%20Close.pdf|access-date=6 January 2015|archive-date=6 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106113353/http://www.clevelandta.org/sites/default/files/news/Ohio%20Council%20of%20Community%20Schools%20-%20Believe%20to%20Achieve%20Acadamies%20to%20Close.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=reverabio/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sub-Saharan Africa===<br /> [[File:GEMS Cambridge International School Nairobi.jpg|thumb|GEMS Cambridge International School Nairobi]]<br /> The company opened its first school in sub-Saharan Africa in Kenya – GEMS Cambridge International School in Nairobi – in September 2012.&lt;ref name=gaps&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ni Chonghaile |first1=Clar |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/oct/30/nairobi-private-school-gaps-state-system |title=Nairobi's newest private school seeks to plug gaps in state education system |newspaper=The Guardian |date=30 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The school's capacity was 2,000 students, including boarders, from kindergarten through year 13.&lt;ref name=gaps /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Muema, Morris. [http://www.kenyanbusinessreview.com/480/gems-education-to-open-school-in-kenya/ &quot;Gems Education to open school in Kenya&quot;]. ''Kenyan Business Review''. 12 December 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; It offered the [[National Curriculum (England, Wales and Northern Ireland)|British curriculum]], and [[IGCSE]] exams and [[A-levels]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uzaze.com/directory/kenya-business-directory/Education-and-Lifestyle/schools-and-universities-in-rwanda/international-schools-in-nairobi International schools]. ''Uzaze.com''. Retrieved 3 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> GEMS Cambridge International School in Uganda opened in 2013 in [[Kampala]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gemslearninggateway.com/News/Pages/GEMSisgrowinginAfrica.aspx &quot;GEMS is growing in Africa&quot;]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (press release). ''GEMSLearningGateway.com''. 28 April 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; It served pupils ages 3 to 18, with the British curriculum geared toward IGCSE, [[Advanced Subsidiary level|AS-level]], and A-level qualifications.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gemscambridgeinternationalschool-kampala.com/ You are welcome] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017194053/http://www.gemscambridgeinternationalschool-kampala.com/ |date=17 October 2017 }}. GEMS Cambridge International School Kampala. Retrieved 3 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gemscambridgeinternationalschool-kampala.com/about-us/our-team/meet-our-principal/ Meet our Principal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021339/http://www.gemscambridgeinternationalschool-kampala.com/about-us/our-team/meet-our-principal/ |date=24 September 2015 }}. GEMS Cambridge International School Kampala. Retrieved 3 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;{{Primary source inline|date=June 2025}}<br /> <br /> In 2019, the firm acquired the Nairobi-based Hillcrest International Schools.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GEMS sells off Kenyan schools in East African repositioning |url=https://thepienews.com/news/gems-sells-off-kenyan-schools-as-it-repositions-itself-in-east-africa/ |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=thepienews.com |date=3 February 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; GEMS sold the schools in 2022 and exited the Kenyan market in 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=am |first=Brian Kimani on 26 January 2022-10:03 |title=Braeburn Acquires Prestigious Hillcrest International Schools |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/72579-braeburn-acquires-prestigious-hillcrest-international-schools |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=Kenyans.co.ke |date=26 January 2022 |language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/86054-dubai-tycoon-sells-millions-worth-shares-ksh124-exits-kenyan-market |title=Dubai Tycoon Hurriedly Sells Prestigious School, Exits Kenyan Market |website=kenyans.co.ke |date=23 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Asia===<br /> The company operated GEMS World Academy (Singapore), its first school in [[Southeast Asia]], from September 2014 to June 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gemslearninggateway.com/News/Pages/NewGEMSWorldAcademy-SingaporewillbecomefirstschoolinSoutEastAsiatojoinexclusiveglobalnetworkofschools.aspx &quot;Opening in September 2014&quot;]{{Dead link|date=December 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (press release). ''GEMSLearningGateway.com''. 27 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 January 2021|title=Singapore: GEMS World Academy bought by TPG-backed operator|url=https://www.educationinvestor.co.uk/singapore-gems-world-academy-bought-by-tpg-backed-operator/|access-date=13 April 2021|website=EducationInvestor Global|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=MergerLinks|url=https://app.mergerlinks.com/transactions/2020-11-25-gems-world-academy|access-date=13 April 2021|website=app.mergerlinks.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is now operated by [[TPG Capital]]–backed XCL Education as the XCL World Academy, after its acquisition from GEMS.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, the firm opened GEMS International School Pearl City, in [[Penang, Malaysia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;welcomes&quot; /&gt; The school is for ages three to 18, and follows the British National Curriculum leading to the IGCSE/CIE and AS/A-level qualifications.&lt;ref name=&quot;welcomes&quot;&gt;Sue-Chern, Looi. [http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/citynews/georgetown/article/mainland-penang-welcomes-its-first-international-school &quot;Mainland Penang welcomes its first international school&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032236/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/citynews/georgetown/article/mainland-penang-welcomes-its-first-international-school |date=4 March 2016 }}. ''[[The Malaysian Insider]]''. 28 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ready&quot;&gt;Tan, Christopher. [http://www.thestar.com.my/Metro/Community/2015/03/25/Final-cut-and-polish-GEMS-International-School-to-be-ready-in-time-for-September-intake/ &quot;GEMS International School to be ready in time for September intake&quot;]. ''[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]''. 25 March 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; It also accommodates the Malaysian Education Ministry guidelines and teaches [[Malaysian language]], Mandarin, Malaysian social studies, and Islamic and moral studies.&lt;ref name=&quot;welcomes&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ready&quot; /&gt; It was the first international school in [[Seberang Perai|Mainland Penang]].&lt;ref name=&quot;welcomes&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Philanthropy ==<br /> The owners run the [[Varkey Foundation]], formerly known as the Varkey GEMS Foundation,&lt;ref name=&quot;BizDBVarkeyFoundation&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The Varkey Foundation |url=http://www.bizdb.co.uk/company/the-varkey-gems-foundation-07774287/ |access-date=25 January 2015 |website=BizDB}}&lt;/ref&gt; as their family philanthropic arm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Varkey Foundation - Charity 1145119 |url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/5022242/trustees |access-date=17 October 2021 |website=register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Official website|http://www.gemseducation.com/}}<br /> <br /> {{Schools managed by GEMS Education}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Education companies of the United Arab Emirates]]<br /> [[Category:GEMS Education schools]]<br /> [[Category:Education companies established in 2000]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in Dubai]]<br /> [[Category:2000 establishments in the United Arab Emirates]]<br /> [[Category:Companies established in 2000]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISSN&diff=481435 2026-04-30T01:04:06Z

<p>Sameer481: new new stub - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Serial number used to identify a periodical publication}}<br /> {{Distinguish|ISBN}}<br /> {{for|the use of ISSNs on Wikipedia|Wikipedia:ISSN|selfref=y}}<br /> {{Infobox identifier<br /> | name = International Standard Serial Number<br /> | image = ISSN logo.svg<br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_class = notheme<br /> | image_style = background-color: #f8f9fa;<br /> | acronym = ISSN<br /> | start_date = {{Start date and age|1976}}<br /> | number = &gt; 2,500,000<br /> | organisation = ISSN International Centre<br /> | digits = 8<br /> | check_digit = Weighted sum<br /> | example = 2049-3630<br /> | website = {{URL|https://www.issn.org/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[File:Issn barcode.png|thumb|ISSN for ''[[Pilgrims of Saint Michael|Vers Domain]]'', encoded in an EAN-13 barcode with sequence variant 0 and issue number 05]]<br /> [[File:Issn-barcode-explained.svg|thumb|Example of an ISSN, 2049-3630, encoded in an [[International Article Number (EAN)|EAN-13 bar code]], with explanation]]<br /> [[File:ISSN with addon EAN13.svg|thumb|ISSN expanded with sequence variant 0 to a [[Global Trade Item Number|GTIN-13]] and encoded in an [[EAN-13]] barcode with an [[EAN 2|EAN-2]] add-on designating issue number 13]]<br /> <br /> An '''International Standard Serial Number''' ('''ISSN''') is an eight-digit code to [[unique identifier|uniquely identify]] a [[serial (publishing)|periodical publication]] (periodical), such as a magazine.&lt;ref name=Whatis&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/what-is-an-issn |title=What is an ISSN? |publisher=ISSN International Centre |place=Paris |access-date=13 July 2014 |archive-date=16 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716113932/http://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/what-is-an-issn/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSNs are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/issn.html |title=Collection Metadata Standards |publisher=British Library |access-date=14 July 2014 |archive-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715143822/http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/issn.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The ISSN system was first drafted as an [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) [[international standard]] in 1971 and published as ISO 3297 in 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/standardization |title=ISSN, a Standardised Code |publisher=ISSN International Centre |place=Paris |access-date=13 July 2014 |archive-date=16 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716124242/http://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/standardization/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ISO subcommittee [[TC 46/SC 9]] is responsible for maintaining the standard.<br /> <br /> When a serial with the same [[content (media)|content]] is published in more than one [[media (communication)|media type]], a different ISSN is assigned to each media type. For example, many serials are published both in [[Printing|print]] and [[electronic media]]. The ISSN system refers to these types as '''print ISSN''' ('''p-ISSN''') and '''electronic ISSN''' ('''e-ISSN''').&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/assignment-rules/the-issn-for-electronic-media/?lang=en|title=The ISSN for electronic media|last=ISSN InterNational Centre|website=ISSN|access-date=2020-04-03|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011031921/http://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/assignment-rules/the-issn-for-electronic-media/?lang=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Consequently, as defined in ISO 3297:2007, every serial in the ISSN system is also assigned a '''linking ISSN''' ('''ISSN-L'''), typically the same as the ISSN assigned to the serial in its first published medium, which links together all ISSNs assigned to the serial in every medium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=January 2015 |title=ISSN Manual |publisher=ISSN International Centre |place=Paris |url=https://www.issn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ISSNManual_ENG2015_23-01-2015.pdf |pages=14, 16, 55–58 |chapter=3 |access-date=22 October 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712102227/http://www.issn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ISSNManual_ENG2015_23-01-2015.pdf |url-status=dead }} [https://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/assignment-rules/issn-manual HTML version available at www.issn.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018185939/http://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/assignment-rules/issn-manual/ |date=18 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Code format ==<br /> An ISSN is an eight-digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers.&lt;ref name=Whatis /&gt; The last digit, which may be zero through nine or an X, is a [[check digit]], so the ISSN is uniquely represented by its first seven digits. Formally, the general form of the ISSN (also named &quot;ISSN structure&quot; or &quot;ISSN syntax&quot;) can be expressed as follows:{{Ref RFC|3044}}<br /> {{block indent |left=2 |text= {{Code|NNNN-NNNC}} }}<br /> where &lt;code&gt;N&lt;/code&gt; is in the set {''0,1,2,...,9''}, a decimal digit character, and &lt;code&gt;C&lt;/code&gt; is in {''0,1,2,...,9,X''}; or by a [[Perl Compatible Regular Expressions]] (PCRE) [[regular expression]]:<br /> {{block indent |left=2 |text= {{Code|lang=perl|1=^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{3}[0-9X]$}}. }}<br /> <br /> For example, the ISSN of the journal ''[[Hearing Research]]'', is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, that is &lt;code&gt;C&lt;/code&gt;=5. To calculate the check digit, the following algorithm may be used:<br /> <br /> {{block indent |left=2 |text= Each of the first seven digits of the ISSN is multiplied by its position in the number, counting from the right, that is, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2, respectively, and the resulting products are added:<br /> &lt;math display=block&gt;\begin{align}<br /> &amp;0\cdot 8 + 3\cdot 7 + 7\cdot 6 + 8\cdot 5 + 5\cdot 4 + 9\cdot 3 + 5\cdot 2 \\<br /> &amp;= 0 + 21 + 42 + 40 + 20 + 27 + 10 \\<br /> &amp;= 160\;.<br /> \end{align}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[remainder]] of this sum [[modulo]] 11 is then calculated:<br /> &lt;math display=block&gt;\frac{160}{11} = 14\mbox{ remainder }6=14+\frac{6}{11}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> If there is no remainder, the check digit is 0; otherwise the remainder is subtracted from 11. If the result is less than 10, it yields the check digit:<br /> &lt;math display=block&gt;11 - 6 = 5\;.&lt;/math&gt;<br /> Thus, in this example, the check digit &lt;code&gt;C&lt;/code&gt; is 5.<br /> <br /> If the result is 10 (that is, if the remainder is 1), the check digit is an uppercase X (like a [[Roman numerals|Roman ten]]).<br /> }} &lt;!-- end long block indent --&gt;<br /> <br /> To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by their position in the number, counting from the right. (If the check digit is X, add 10 to the sum.) The remainder of the sum modulo 11 must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, based on the above algorithm.{{cn|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> === In EANs ===<br /> <br /> ISSNs can be encoded in [[International Article Number (EAN)|EAN-13 bar codes]] with a 977 &quot;country code&quot; (compare the 978 &quot;[[bookland]]&quot; country code for [[ISBN]]s), followed by the 7 main digits of the ISSN (the check digit is not included), followed by 2 publisher-defined digits, followed by the EAN check digit (in most cases, this will not match the ISSN check digit, since they are each calculated in a different way).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/issn-uses/identification-with-the-ean-13-barcode/|title=Identification with the GTIN 13 barcode|publisher=ISSN International Centre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629062603/https://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/issn-uses/identification-with-the-ean-13-barcode/|archive-date=June 29, 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Code assignment, maintenance and look-up ==<br /> &lt;!--Currently, &quot;ISSN International Centre&quot; redirects to this section, though it is a redirect with possibilities.--&gt;<br /> ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at [[national library|national libraries]] and coordinated by the '''ISSN International Centre''' (CIEPS&lt;ref&gt;From the French, ''Centre International d'Enregistrement des Publications en Série''&lt;/ref&gt;) based in [[Paris]]. The International Centre is an [[intergovernmental organization]] created in 1974 through an agreement between [[UNESCO]] and the French government.<br /> <br /> === Linking ISSN ===<br /> ''ISSN-L'' is a [[unique identifier]] for all versions of the serial containing the same [[content (media)|content]] across different media. As defined by ''ISO 3297:2007'', the &quot;linking ISSN (ISSN-L)&quot; provides a mechanism for collocation or linking among the different media versions of the same continuing resource. The ''ISSN-L'' is one of a serial's existing ISSNs, so does not change the use or assignment of &quot;ordinary&quot; ISSNs;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author= |title=Linking ISSN (ISSN-L) |url=http://www.nationallibrary.fi/publishers/issn/issnl.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926075657/http://www.nationallibrary.fi/publishers/issn/issnl.html |archive-date=26 September 2015 |access-date=23 December 2018 |website=www.nationallibrary.fi}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is based on the ISSN of the first published medium version of the publication. If the print and online versions of the publication are published at the same time, the ISSN of the print version is chosen as the basis of the ''ISSN-L''.<br /> <br /> With ''ISSN-L'' is possible to designate one single ISSN for all those media versions of the title. The use of ''ISSN-L'' facilitates search, retrieval and delivery across all media versions for services like [[OpenURL]], [[library catalogue]]s, [[search engine]]s or [[knowledge base]]s.<br /> <br /> === Register ===<br /> The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, the ''ISDS Register'' (International Serials Data System), otherwise known as the ''ISSN Register''. {{As of|2016|12|31|alt=At the end of 2016,}} the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Total number of records in the ISSN Register |url=https://www.issn.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Total-records-in-Register.pdf |publisher=ISSN International Centre |access-date=23 February 2017 |date=February 2017 |archive-date=24 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224055145/http://www.issn.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Total-records-in-Register.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Register is not freely available for interrogation on the web, but is available by subscription.<br /> <br /> * The print version of a serial typically will include the ISSN code as part of the publication information.<br /> * Most serial websites contain ISSN code information.<br /> * Derivative lists of publications will often contain ISSN codes; these can be found through on-line searches with the ISSN code itself or serial title.<br /> *[[WorldCat]] permits searching its catalog by ISSN, by entering &quot;issn:&quot; before the code in the query field. One can also go directly to an ISSN's record by appending it to &quot;{{code|https://www.worldcat.org/ISSN/}}&quot;, e.g. [https://www.worldcat.org/ISSN/1021-9749 n2:1021-9749 – Search Results]. This does not query the ISSN Register itself, but rather shows whether any WorldCat library holds an item with the given ISSN.<br /> &lt;!-- Though an [https://www.issn.org:8080/English/pub/faqs/issn/issnchecking ISSN checking facility] {{Dead link|date=July 2022}} is available, this is a tool for checking the validity of an ISSN number format, not for querying the ISSN Register to determine what serial the input number is associated with. --&gt;<br /> <br /> == Comparison with other identifiers ==<br /> ISSN and [[ISBN]] codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual [[book]]s. An ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an anonymous identifier associated with a serial title, containing no [[information]] as to the [[publisher]] or its [[location (geography)|location]]. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change.<br /> <br /> === Extensions ===<br /> Since the ISSN applies to an entire serial, other identifiers have been built on top of it to allow references to specific volumes, articles, or other identifiable components (like the [[table of contents]]): the [[Publisher Item Identifier]] (PII) and the [[Serial Item and Contribution Identifier]] (SICI).<br /> <br /> === Media versus content &lt;span class=&quot;anchor&quot; id=&quot;CD ISSN&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===<br /> Separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media (except reproduction [[microform]]s). Thus, the [[print media|print]] and [[electronic media]] versions of a serial need separate ISSNs,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/issn/e-serials.html |title=ISSN for Electronic Serials |date=19 February 2010 |publisher=U.S. ISSN Center, Library of Congress |access-date=12 July 2014 |archive-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217153904/http://www.loc.gov/issn/e-serials.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[CD-ROM]] versions and [[World Wide Web|web]] versions require different ISSNs. However, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats (e.g. [[PDF]] and [[HTML]]) of the same online serial.<br /> <br /> This &quot;media-oriented identification&quot; of serials made sense in the 1970s. In the 1990s and onward, with personal computers, better screens, and the Web, it makes sense to consider only ''content'', independent of media. This &quot;content-oriented identification&quot; of serials was a [[excess demand|repressed demand]] during a decade, but no ISSN update or initiative occurred. A natural extension for ISSN, the unique-identification of the articles in the serials, was the main demand application. An alternative serials' contents model arrived with the [[indecs Content Model]] and its application, the [[digital object identifier]] (DOI), an ISSN-independent initiative, consolidated in the 2000s.<br /> <br /> Only later, in 2007, ISSN-L was defined in the new ISSN standard (ISO 3297:2007) as an &quot;ISSN designated by the ISSN Network to enable collocation or versions of a continuing resource linking among the different media&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;issnL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/assignment-rules/the-issn-l-for-publications-on-multiple-media/ |title=The ISSN-L for publications on multiple media |publisher=ISSN International Centre |access-date=12 July 2014 |archive-date=16 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716124227/http://www.issn.org/understanding-the-issn/assignment-rules/the-issn-l-for-publications-on-multiple-media/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Use in URNs ==<br /> An ISSN can be encoded as a [[uniform resource name]] (URN) by prefixing it with &quot;{{code|urn:ISSN:}}&quot;.{{Ref RFC|3044}} For example, [[Rail (magazine)|''Rail'']] could be referred to as &quot;{{code|urn:ISSN:0953-4563}}&quot;. URN namespaces are case-sensitive, and the ISSN namespace is all caps.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dublincore.org/architecturewiki/ResourceIdentifierGuidelines#head-a2100b457f3211cf98e960a3a481007893c4e68a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513221344/http://dublincore.org/architecturewiki/ResourceIdentifierGuidelines |archive-date=13 May 2012 |title=Guidelines for using resource identifiers in Dublin Core metadata §4.5&amp;nbsp;ISSN |last1=Powell |first1=Andy |last2=Johnston |first2=Pete |last3=Campbell |first3=Lorna |last4=Barker |first4=Phil |date=21 June 2006 |website=Dublin Core Architecture Wiki |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; If the checksum digit is &quot;X&quot; then it is always encoded in uppercase in a URN.<br /> <br /> === Problems ===<br /> The URNs are [[#Media versus content|content-oriented]], but ISSN is media-oriented:<br /> <br /> * '''ISSN is not unique''' when the concept is &quot;a journal is a set of contents, generally copyrighted content&quot;: the same journal (same contents and same copyrights) may have two or more ISSN codes. A URN needs to point to &quot;unique content&quot; (a &quot;unique journal&quot; as a &quot;set of contents&quot; reference).<br /> :Example: [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] has an ISSN for print, 0028-0836, and another for the same content on the Web, 1476-4687; only the oldest (0028-0836) is used as a [[unique identifier]]. As the ISSN is not unique, the [[U.S. National Library of Medicine]] needed to create, prior to 2007, the NLM Unique ID (JID).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/mms/medlineelements.html#jid |title=MEDLINE/PubMed Data Element (Field) Descriptions |date=7 May 2014 |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=19 July 2014 |archive-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427130927/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/mms/medlineelements.html#jid |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''ISSN''' does not offer [[uniform resource name#Resolvers|resolution mechanisms]] like a [[digital object identifier]] (DOI) or a URN does, so the DOI is used as a URN for articles, with (for historical reasons) no need for an ISSN's existence.<br /> :Example: the DOI name &quot;10.1038/nature13777&quot; can be represented as an HTTP string by &lt;code&gt;''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''10.1038/nature13777&lt;/code&gt;, and is [[URL redirection|redirected]] (resolved) to the current article's page; but there is no ISSN online service, like &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://dx.issn.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, to resolve the ISSN of the journal (in this sample [[Nature (journal)|1476-4687]]).<br /> <br /> A unique URN for serials simplifies the search, recovery and delivery of data for various services including, in particular, [[information retrieval|search systems]] and [[knowledge base|knowledge databases]].&lt;ref name=&quot;issnL&quot; /&gt; '''ISSN-L''' (see [[#Linking ISSN|Linking ISSN]] above) was created to fill this gap.<br /> <br /> == Media category labels ==<br /> The two standard categories of media in which serials are most available are ''print'' and ''electronic''. In [[metadata]] contexts (e.g., [[JATS]]), these may have standard labels.<br /> <br /> === Print ISSN ===<br /> ''p-ISSN'' is a standard label for &quot;Print ISSN&quot;, the ISSN for the [[print media]] (paper) version of a serial. Usually it is the &quot;default media&quot; and so the &quot;default ISSN&quot;.<br /> <br /> === Electronic ISSN &lt;span class=&quot;anchor&quot; id=&quot;eISSN&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;===<br /> ''e-ISSN'' (or ''eISSN'') is a standard label for &quot;Electronic ISSN&quot;, the ISSN for the [[electronic media]] (online) version of a serial.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;La nueva Norma ISSN facilita la vida de la comunidad de las publicaciones en serie&quot;, A. Roucolle. {{cite web |url=http://www.latindex.unam.mx/biblioteca/nunoiso.html |title=La nueva norma ISSN |access-date=2014-10-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210063334/http://www.latindex.unam.mx/biblioteca/nunoiso.html |archive-date=10 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == ROAD &lt;!--section with possibility--&gt;==<br /> * {{interlanguage link|ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources|it|Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources}} (est. 2013), produced by the [[ISSN International Centre]] and [[UNESCO]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://road.issn.org/en |title=Road in a nutshell |website=Road.issn.org |access-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905182813/http://road.issn.org/en |archive-date=5 September 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[CODEN]]<br /> * [[WorldCat]]—an ISSN-resolve service<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{sisterlinks|d=Q131276|c=Category:ISSN|n=no|b=no|q=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=ISSN}}<br /> {{Wikidata property|P236}}<br /> * [https://www.issn.org/ ISSN International Centre]<br /> * [https://portal.issn.org/ ISSN Portal]<br /> * [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AusE0e8tdNZVdDFHRnVEZmNCQ3NSNGxNamxDMk44a1E List of 63800 ISSN numbers and titles]{{Self-published inline |certain=yes |date=July 2025}}<br /> * {{Citation|edition=2015|place=Paris|publisher=ISSN InterNational Centre|date=January 2015|url=https://www.issn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ISSNManual_ENG2015_23-01-2015.pdf|last=ISSN InterNational Centre|title=ISSN Manual|postscript=.|access-date=22 October 2018|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712102227/http://www.issn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ISSNManual_ENG2015_23-01-2015.pdf|url-status=dead}}<br /> * {{Citation |place=United States |publisher=Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/issn/issnbro.html |title=How U.S. publishers can obtain an ISSN}}.<br /> * {{Citation |place=Ottawa |publisher=[[Library and Archives Canada]] |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226051427/http://bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/services/issn-canada/Pages/issn-canada.aspx |archive-date=26 February 2015 |date=2020-01-08 |url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/services/issn-canada/Pages/issn-canada.aspx |postscript=. |title=ISSN Canada |last1=Canada |first1=Library Archives |url-status=live }}.<br /> * {{Citation |publisher=British Library |url=http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/issn.html |title=Getting an ISSN in the UK |access-date=8 October 2008 |archive-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715143822/http://www.bl.uk/bibliographic/issn.html |url-status=dead }}.<br /> * {{Citation |publisher=Bibliothèque nationale de France |url=http://www.bnf.fr/fr/professionnels/s_informer_obtenir_issn/s.obtenir_issn.html?first_Art=non |title=Getting an ISSN in France | date=15 June 2023 |language=fr}}<br /> * {{Citation |publisher=Deutsche Nationalbibliothek |url=http://www.dnb.de/DE/Wir/Kooperation/ISSN/issnFAQ.html |title=Getting an ISSN in Germany |language=de |access-date=8 March 2012 |archive-date=11 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211053445/http://www.dnb.de/DE/Wir/Kooperation/ISSN/issnFAQ.html |url-status=dead }}<br /> * {{Citation |publisher=National Library of South Africa |url=http://www.nlsa.ac.za/index.php/bibsa/isn-agency |title=Getting an ISSN in South Africa |access-date=7 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224193322/http://www.nlsa.ac.za/index.php/bibsa/isn-agency |archive-date=24 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}<br /> <br /> {{Audiovisual works|state=uncollapsed}}<br /> {{ISO standards}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1976]]<br /> [[Category:Checksum algorithms]]<br /> [[Category:ISO standards]]<br /> [[Category:Library science]]<br /> [[Category:Serial numbers]]<br /> [[Category:Unique identifiers]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tshering_Thendup_Bhutia&diff=541991 2026-04-23T05:48:32Z

<p>Sameer481: Created Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Tshering Thendup Bhutia<br /> | native_name = छिरिङ टी. भुटिया<br /> | native_name_lang = Bhutia<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = Official portrait, 2024<br /> | office = [[Second Tamang ministry|Minister of Commerce and&lt;br/&gt;Industries of Sikkim]]<br /> | term_start = 11 June 2024<br /> | term_end = <br /> | governor = [[Lakshman Acharya]]&lt;br&gt;[[Om Prakash Mathur]]<br /> | 1blankname = chief minister<br /> | 1namedata = [[Prem Singh Tamang]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Bedu Singh Panth]]<br /> | successor = <br /> | office1 = [[Second Tamang ministry|Minister of Tourism and&lt;br/&gt;Civil Aviation of Sikkim]]<br /> | term_start1 = 11 June 2024<br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | governor1 = [[Lakshman Acharya]]&lt;br&gt;[[Om Prakash Mathur]]<br /> | 1blankname1 = chief minister<br /> | 1namedata1 = [[Prem Singh Tamang]]<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Bedu Singh Panth]]<br /> | successor1 = <br /> | office2 = Member of the [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start2 = June 2024<br /> | term_end2 = <br /> | predecessor2 = [[Sangay Lepcha]]<br /> | successor2 = <br /> | constituency2 = [[Yoksam–Tashiding Assembly constituency|Yoksam–Tashiding]]<br /> | birth_date = 1965<br /> | birth_place = [[Pelling]], [[Yuksom]]<br /> | party = [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]<br /> | occupation = Politician<br /> | education = [[Bachelor of Commerce]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[University of North Bengal]]<br /> | spouse = Chachudem Bhutia<br /> | children = 1 <br /> }}<br /> '''Tshering Thendup Bhutia''' (born 1965) is an Indian politician from [[Sikkim]]. He is an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Yoksam–Tashiding Assembly constituency]] in [[Gyalshing district|Gyalshing]] district representing [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]. He won the [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-06-02 |title=Sikkim Elections Winners Losers List: SKM secures 2nd consecutive win. Here is the full list of winners |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/sikkim/sikkim-assembly-elections-2024-results-constituencies-wise-winners-and-losers-list/articleshow/110631220.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Bhutia is from [[Yuksom]] Tashiding. His father's name is Topgay Bhutia. He completed his Bachelor of Commerce at [[University of North Bengal]] in 1989. He is a retired government employee. He served as Block Development Officer at {{Clarify|date=August 2025|reason=Unexplained and unlinked acroynm|text=BAC}} Chongrang and as Sub Divisional Magistrate at Yuksom Sub Division.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tshering Thendup Bhutia(Sikkim Krantikari Morcha):Constituency- YUKSOM TASHIDING (BL)(GYALSHING) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Sikkim2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=150 |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=www.myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Bhutia won the [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Yoksam–Tashiding Assembly constituency|Yoksam Tashiding Assembly Constituency]] representing [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]. He defeated Meewang Gyatso Bhutia of [[Sikkim Democratic Front]] by a margin of 4,812 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=News Desk |first=ToI |date=2024-06-02 |title=Yuksom Tashiding Assembly Election Result 2024 SKM's Tshering Thendup Bhutia wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/yuksomtashiding-assembly-election-results-2024-yuksomtashiding-sikkim-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110634843.cms |access-date=2024-06-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Yoksam-Tashiding, Sikkim Assembly Election Results 2024 Live Updates: SKM's Tshering Thendup Bhutia wins Yoksam-Tashiding with 8271 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/yoksam-tashiding-sikkim-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2546696-2024-06-02 |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhutia, Tshering Thendup}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1965 births]]<br /> [[Category:Sikkim MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha politicians]]<br /> [[Category:People from Gyalshing district]]<br /> [[Category:University of North Bengal alumni]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1998_Indian_general_election&diff=481242 2026-04-21T22:18:34Z

<p>Sameer481: enhanced intro to improve readability as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|none}}&lt;!-- &quot;none&quot; is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --&gt;<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox election<br /> | country = India<br /> | type = parliamentary<br /> | previous_election = 1996 Indian general election<br /> | previous_year = 1996<br /> | next_election = 1999 Indian general election<br /> | next_year = 1999<br /> | election_date = 16, 22 and 28 February 1998<br /> | registered = 605,880,192<br /> | turnout = 61.97% ({{increase}} 4.03[[Percentage point|pp]])<br /> | seats_for_election = 543 of the 545 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]{{efn|name=seats|Two seats were reserved for [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|Anglo-Indians]] and filled by presidential nomination}}<br /> | majority_seats = 272<br /> | image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Atal Bihari Vajpayee (12 June 2002).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}<br /> | leader1 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br /> | party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> | last_election1 = 20.29%, 161 seats<br /> | seats1 = '''182''' <br /> | seat_change1 = {{increase}} 21<br /> | percentage1 = 25.59%<br /> | popular_vote1 = 94,266,188<br /> | swing1 = {{increase}} 5.30[[Percentage point|pp]]<br /> | image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Sonia Gandhi and Vladimir Putin in March 2010 04.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}<br /> | leader2 = [[Sonia Gandhi]]<br /> | party2 = Indian National Congress<br /> | last_election2 = 28.80%, 140 seats<br /> | seats2 = 141<br /> | seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1<br /> | percentage2 = '''25.82%'''<br /> | popular_vote2 = '''95,111,131'''<br /> | swing2 = {{decrease}} 2.98[[Percentage point|pp]]<br /> | image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Surjith-6.JPG|bSize=250|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=60|oTop=60}}<br /> | leader3 = [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]<br /> | party3 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> | last_election3 = 6.12%, 32 seats<br /> | seats3 = 32<br /> | seat_change3 = {{steady}}<br /> | popular_vote3 = 18,991,867<br /> | percentage3 = 5.16%<br /> | swing3 = {{decrease}} 0.96[[Percentage point|pp]]<br /> | map_image = Wahlergebnisse Indien 1998.svg<br /> | map_caption = Results by constituency<br /> | title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]<br /> | posttitle = Prime Minister after election<br /> | before_election = [[Inder Kumar Gujral]]<br /> | before_party = [[Janata Dal|JD]]<br /> | after_election = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br /> | after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> | outgoing_members = List of members of the 11th Lok Sabha<br /> | elected_members = List of members of the 12th Lok Sabha<br /> | alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance<br /> | alliance2 = [[Indian National Congress|INC+]]<br /> | alliance3 = Left Front (West Bengal)| 1blank = Alliance&amp;nbsp;seats | 1data1 = '''252''' | 1data2 = 166 | 1data3 = 96<br /> }}{{Politics of India}}<br /> <br /> General elections were held in [[India]] on 16, 22 and 28 February 1998 to elect the members of the [[12th Lok Sabha|twelfth]] [[Lok Sabha]]. The elections were held three years ahead of schedule after the government led by [[Inder Kumar Gujral]] collapsed when the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) withdrew its support in November 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-757497.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103054302/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-757497.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|title=Government Falls, Indian Premier Quits; Coalition Splits Amid Gandhi Assassination Debate|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=29 November 1997|access-date=22 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The result was another hung parliament, with no party or alliance able to muster a majority. However, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] was able to form a coalition government led by the [[National Democratic Alliance]] with the outside support of the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He was sworn in as [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] with support from 272 of 543 MPs. However, his government collapsed on 17 April 1999 when the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] withdrew its support, after Vajpayee refused to meet the demands of its leader [[J. Jayalalithaa]], namely halting the [[J. Jayalalithaa#Corruption cases|corruption cases]] against her and the sacking of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu government]] led by her bete-noire [[M. Karunanidhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJPs-one-vote-defeat-in-1999-was-narrowest-in-history/articleshow/3261721.cms|title=BJP's one-vote defeat in 1999 was narrowest in history|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 March 2019|archive-date=25 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225090822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJPs-one-vote-defeat-in-1999-was-narrowest-in-history/articleshow/3261721.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; This led to [[1999 Indian general election|fresh elections]] in 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/no-confidence-motion-atal-bihari-vajpayee|title=The 1999 No-Trust Motion That Former PM Vajpayee Lost by One Vote|website=The Quint|access-date=22 March 2019|date=20 July 2018|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044456/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/no-confidence-motion-atal-bihari-vajpayee|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The elections were the second consecutive general elections in which the party that received the most votes did not win the most seats.<br /> <br /> ==Results==<br /> {{Election results<br /> |image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1998.svg|350px]]<br /> |party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=95111131|seats1=141|sc1=<br /> |party2=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes2=94266188|seats2=182|sc2=<br /> |party3=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes3=18991867|seats3=32|sc3=<br /> |party4=[[Samajwadi Party]]|votes4=18167640|seats4=20|sc4=<br /> |party5=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes5=17186779|seats5=5|sc5=<br /> |party6=[[Janata Dal]]|votes6=11930209|seats6=6|sc6=<br /> |party7=[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|votes7=10229971|seats7=17|sc7=<br /> |party8=[[Telugu Desam Party]]|votes8=10199463|seats8=12|sc8=<br /> |party9=[[All India Trinamool Congress|West Bengal Trinamool Congress]]|votes9=8920583|seats9=7|sc9=<br /> |party10=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes10=6731550|seats10=18|sc10=<br /> |party11=[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]|votes11=6528566|seats11=6|sc11=<br /> |party12=[[Samata Party]]|votes12=6491639|seats12=12|sc12=<br /> |party13=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes13=6429569|seats13=9|sc13=<br /> |party14=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes14=5308388|seats14=6|sc14=<br /> |party15=[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]|votes15=5169183|seats15=3|sc15=<br /> |party16=[[Biju Janata Dal]]|votes16=3669825|seats16=9|sc16=<br /> |party17=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]|votes17=3001769|seats17=8|sc17=<br /> |party18=[[Lok Shakti]]|votes18=2548725|seats18=3|sc18=<br /> |party19=[[All India Rashtriya Janata Party]]|votes19=2071643|seats19=1|sc19=<br /> |party20=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes20=2032585|seats20=5|sc20=<br /> |party21=[[Indian National Lok Dal|Haryana Lok Dal (Rashtriya)]]|votes21=1956087|seats21=4|sc21=<br /> |party22=[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes22=1602504|seats22=3|sc22=<br /> |party23=[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]|votes23=1548976|seats23=4|sc23=<br /> |party24=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes24=1351019|seats24=4|sc24=<br /> |party25=[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|votes25=1324548|seats25=0|sc25=<br /> |party26=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes26=1213965|seats26=2|sc26=<br /> |party27=[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]|votes27=1181083|seats27=1|sc27=<br /> |party28=[[Asom Gana Parishad]]|votes28=1064977|seats28=0|sc28=<br /> |party29=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]|votes29=912698|seats29=0|sc29=<br /> |party30=[[Haryana Vikas Party]]|votes30=875803|seats30=1|sc30=<br /> |party31=[[Muslim League Kerala State Committee]]|votes31=800765|seats31=2|sc31=<br /> |party32=[[Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference]]|votes32=784669|seats32=3|sc32=<br /> |party33=Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party|votes33=711080|seats33=0|sc33=<br /> |party34=[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]|votes34=562946|seats34=0|sc34=<br /> |party35=[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]|votes35=485785|seats35=1|sc35=<br /> |party36=[[All India Indira Congress (Secular)]]|votes36=457510|seats36=1|sc36=<br /> |party37=[[Puthiya Tamilagam]]|votes37=446583|seats37=0|sc37=<br /> |party38=[[Janata Party]]|votes38=444305|seats38=1|sc38=<br /> |party39=[[NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)]]|votes39=384211|seats39=0|sc39=<br /> |party40=[[Karnataka Vikas Party]]|votes40=371346|seats40=0|sc40=<br /> |party41=[[United Minorities Front, Assam]]|votes41=357759|seats41=1|sc41=<br /> |party42=[[Kerala Congress (M)]]|votes42=356168|seats42=1|sc42=<br /> |party43=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes43=327649|seats43=0|sc43=<br /> |party44=[[MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes44=278324|seats44=0|sc44=<br /> |party45=[[Forward Bloc (Socialist)]]|votes45=272974|seats45=0|sc45=<br /> |party46=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes46=269609|seats46=1|sc46=<br /> |party47=[[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]]|votes47=263901|seats47=0|sc47=<br /> |party48=[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]|votes48=248529|seats48=0|sc48=<br /> |party49=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Mardi)|votes49=240897|seats49=0|sc49=<br /> |party50=Bihar Jana Congress|votes50=222371|seats50=0|sc50=<br /> |party51=[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party]]|votes51=213924|seats51=0|sc51=<br /> |party52=[[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]|votes52=196662|seats52=0|sc52=<br /> |party53=[[Manipur State Congress Party]]|votes53=190358|seats53=1|sc53=<br /> |party54=[[Autonomous State Demand Committee]]|votes54=184241|seats54=1|sc54=<br /> |party55=Jharkhand Party (Naren)|votes55=181018|seats55=0|sc55=<br /> |party57=[[Arunachal Congress]]|votes57=172496|seats57=2|sc57=<br /> |party58=[[Natural Law Party|Ajeya Bharat Party]]|votes58=157854|seats58=0|sc58=<br /> |party59=United Reservation Movement Council of Assam|votes59=151543|seats59=0|sc59=<br /> |party60=[[National Loktantrik Party]]|votes60=147706|seats60=0|sc60=<br /> |party61=[[United Goans Democratic Party]]|votes61=132558|seats61=0|sc61=<br /> |party62=Mahabharat People's Party|votes62=115785|seats62=0|sc62=<br /> |party63=[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]|votes63=102440|seats63=1|sc63=<br /> |party64=[[Peoples Democratic Party (India)|Peoples Democratic Party]]|votes64=92083|seats64=0|sc64=<br /> |party65=[[Akhil Bharatiya Sena]]|votes65=90035|seats65=0|sc65=<br /> |party66=[[Indian National League]]|votes66=86697|seats66=0|sc66=<br /> |party67=[[Himachal Vikas Congress]]|votes67=85046|seats67=0|sc67=<br /> |party68=[[Mizo National Front]]|votes68=82047|seats68=0|sc68=<br /> |party69=Savarn Samaj Party|votes69=76980|seats69=0|sc69=<br /> |party70=[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]|votes70=70191|seats70=0|sc70=<br /> |party71=[[Jharkhand Party]]|votes71=63836|seats71=0|sc71=<br /> |party72=[[Hill State People's Democratic Party]]|votes72=62144|seats72=0|sc72=<br /> |party73=[[Loktantrik Samajwadi Party]]|votes73=43770|seats73=0|sc73=<br /> |party74=[[Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)]]|votes74=43402|seats74=0|sc74=<br /> |party75=[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]|votes75=36677|seats75=0|sc75=<br /> |party76=[[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]]|votes76=30654|seats76=0|sc76=<br /> |party77=Akhil Bartiya Manav Seva Dal|votes77=26027|seats77=0|sc77=<br /> |party78=National Panthers Party|votes78=24638|seats78=0|sc78=<br /> |party79=[[Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)]]|votes79=24417|seats79=0|sc79=<br /> |party80=Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes80=24303|seats80=0|sc80=<br /> |party81=Proutist Sarva Samaj Samiti|votes81=23029|seats81=0|sc81=<br /> |party82=[[Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha]]|votes82=20928|seats82=0|sc82=<br /> |party83=[[Jammu and Kashmir Awami League]]|votes83=20843|seats83=0|sc83=<br /> |party84=[[Amra Bangali]]|votes84=20372|seats84=0|sc84=<br /> |party85=[[Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha]]|votes85=19202|seats85=0|sc85=<br /> |party86=[[Garo National Council]]|votes86=16280|seats86=0|sc86=<br /> |party87=[[Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]|votes87=14284|seats87=0|sc87=<br /> |party88=[[Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes88=14160|seats88=0|sc88=<br /> |party89=[[Plain Tribals Council of Assam]]|votes89=12952|seats89=0|sc89=<br /> |party90=Bharatiya Vikash Party|votes90=11881|seats90=0|sc90=<br /> |party91=[[United Tribal Nationalist Liberation Front]]|votes91=11287|seats91=0|sc91=<br /> |party92=[[Rajasthan Vikas Party]]|votes92=11267|seats92=0|sc92=<br /> |party93=Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha|votes93=10064|seats93=0|sc93=<br /> |party94=[[United Communist Party of India]]|votes94=10018|seats94=0|sc94=<br /> |party95=[[Bharti Lok Lehar Party]]|votes95=9959|seats95=0|sc95=<br /> |party96=[[Samajwadi Jan Parishad]]|votes96=9848|seats96=0|sc96=<br /> |party97=[[Hindustan Janata Party]]|votes97=9476|seats97=0|sc97=<br /> |party98=Bharatiya Jantantrik Parishad|votes98=9367|seats98=0|sc98=<br /> |party99=[[Maharashtra Rashtravadi Congress]]|votes99=8623|seats99=0|sc99=<br /> |party100=[[Jharkhand People's Party]]|votes100=7111|seats100=0|sc100=<br /> |party101=Sarvadharam Party (Madhya Pradesh)|votes101=6671|seats101=0|sc101=<br /> |party102=Akhil Bharatiya Rajivwadi Congress (Dubey)|votes102=6455|seats102=0|sc102=<br /> |party103=Bharatiya Rajiv Congress|votes103=6122|seats103=0|sc103=<br /> |party104=[[Kisan Vikas Party]]|votes104=5905|seats104=0|sc104=<br /> |party105=Jai Telangana Party|votes105=5847|seats105=0|sc105=<br /> |party106=Akhil Bharatiya Bhrastachar Normoolan Sena|votes106=5718|seats106=0|sc106=<br /> |party107=All India Rajiv Krantikari Congress|votes107=5588|seats107=0|sc107=<br /> |party108=Pragtisheel Manav Samaj Party|votes108=5495|seats108=0|sc108=<br /> |party109=Bharatiya Krantikari Kammand Party|votes109=4852|seats109=0|sc109=<br /> |party110=Shoshit Samaj Party|votes110=4722|seats110=0|sc110=<br /> |party111=Rashtriya Aikta Manch|votes111=4596|seats111=0|sc111=<br /> |party112=Bahujan Kranti Dal (JAI)|votes112=4525|seats112=0|sc112=<br /> |party113=The Humanist Party of India|votes113=4439|seats113=0|sc113=<br /> |party114=[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)]]|votes114=4420|seats114=0|sc114=<br /> |party115=Rashtriya Ali Sena|votes115=4371|seats115=0|sc115=<br /> |party116=Sanatan Samaj Party|votes116=4238|seats116=0|sc116=<br /> |party117=Orissa Congress|votes117=4048|seats117=0|sc117=<br /> |party118=Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)|votes118=3763|seats118=0|sc118=<br /> |party119=Rastreeya Praja Parishat|votes119=3688|seats119=0|sc119=<br /> |party120=[[Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh]]|votes120=3030|seats120=0|sc120=<br /> |party121=Golden India Party|votes121=3002|seats121=0|sc121=<br /> |party122=Adarsh Lok Dal|votes122=2909|seats122=0|sc122=<br /> |party123=Manava Party|votes123=2903|seats123=0|sc123=<br /> |party124=[[Krantikari Manuwadi Morcha]]|votes124=2723|seats124=0|sc124=<br /> |party125=Religion of Man Revolving Political Party of India|votes125=2503|seats125=0|sc125=<br /> |party126=[[All India Minorities Front]]|votes126=2480|seats126=0|sc126=<br /> |party127=Bahujan Kranti Dal|votes127=2466|seats127=0|sc127=<br /> |party128=Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena|votes128=2392|seats128=0|sc128=<br /> |party129=[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]|votes129=2167|seats129=0|sc129=<br /> |party130=Gareebjan Samaj Party|votes130=2009|seats130=0|sc130=<br /> |party131=Andhra Nadu Party|votes131=1915|seats131=0|sc131=<br /> |party132=[[All India Muslim Forum]]|votes132=1866|seats132=0|sc132=<br /> |party133=Bahujan Vikas Party|votes133=1833|seats133=0|sc133=<br /> |party134=Pragati Sheel Party|votes134=1828|seats134=0|sc134=<br /> |party135=Rashtriya Janandholan Paksha|votes135=1708|seats135=0|sc135=<br /> |party136=Tamilaga Janata|votes136=1697|seats136=0|sc136=<br /> |party137=Akhil Bharatiya Berozgaar Party|votes137=1609|seats137=0|sc137=<br /> |party138=Prism|votes138=1595|seats138=0|sc138=<br /> |party139=United Citizens Party|votes139=1591|seats139=0|sc139=<br /> |party140=Bharatiya Jan Sabha|votes140=1425|seats140=0|sc140=<br /> |party141=Rashtriya Unnatsheel Das|votes141=1394|seats141=0|sc141=<br /> |party142=Socialist Party (Lohia)|votes142=1321|seats142=0|sc142=<br /> |party143=Akhil Bharatiya Revolutionary Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes143=1277|seats143=0|sc143=<br /> |party144=Agrajan Party|votes144=1269|seats144=0|sc144=<br /> |party145=Ekta Krandi Dal U.P.|votes145=1246|seats145=0|sc145=<br /> |party146=All India Gareeb Congress|votes146=1222|seats146=0|sc146=<br /> |party147=Republican Presidium Party of India|votes147=1215|seats147=0|sc147=<br /> |party148=Akhil Bharatiya Garib Mazdoor Kisan Party|votes148=1199|seats148=0|sc148=<br /> |party149=Indian Bahujan Samajwadi Party|votes149=1162|seats149=0|sc149=<br /> |party150=Bharatiya Parivartan Morcha|votes150=1111|seats150=0|sc150=<br /> |party151=Nagaland Peoples Party|votes151=1066|seats151=0|sc151=<br /> |party152=Bharatiya Momin Front|votes152=1045|seats152=0|sc152=<br /> |party153=Manav Samaj Party|votes153=1036|seats153=0|sc153=<br /> |party154=Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party|votes154=946|seats154=0|sc154=<br /> |party155=Hindustan Inqualab Party|votes155=883|seats155=0|sc155=<br /> |party156=Jan Samanta Party|votes156=828|seats156=0|sc156=<br /> |party157=Bhrishtachar Virodhi Dal|votes157=754|seats157=0|sc157=<br /> |party158=Akhil Bharatiya Janata Congress|votes158=751|seats158=0|sc158=<br /> |party159=Ambedkarbadi Party|votes159=736|seats159=0|sc159=<br /> |party160=Rashtriya Muslim Mujhahid Party|votes160=710|seats160=0|sc160=<br /> |party161=Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi|votes161=703|seats161=0|sc161=<br /> |party162=National Republican Party|votes162=694|seats162=0|sc162=<br /> |party163=Hind Kisan Mazdoor Party|votes163=614|seats163=0|sc163=<br /> |party164=Akhil Bhartiya Loktantra Party|votes164=609|seats164=0|sc164=<br /> |party165=Hind Morcha|votes165=590|seats165=0|sc165=<br /> |party166=Punjab Pradesh Vikash Party|votes166=576|seats166=0|sc166=<br /> |party167=Uttar Pradesh Republican Party|votes167=552|seats167=0|sc167=<br /> |party168=Kranti Dal|votes168=501|seats168=0|sc168=<br /> |party169=Bharatiya Jan Jagruti Party|votes169=494|seats169=0|sc169=<br /> |party170=Akhil Bharatiya General Labour Party|votes170=412|seats170=0|sc170=<br /> |party171=Bharatiya Asht Jan Party|votes171=363|seats171=0|sc171=<br /> |party172=Telangana Praja Party|votes172=344|seats172=0|sc172=<br /> |party173=Rashtriya Rajdhani Congress Delhi|votes173=343|seats173=0|sc173=<br /> |party174=Akhil Bharatiya Rashtriya Azad Hind Party|votes174=306|seats174=0|sc174=<br /> |party175=Rashtriya Janta Congress|votes175=297|seats175=0|sc175=<br /> |party176=Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (Prem Vallabh Vyas)|votes176=150|seats176=0|sc176=<br /> |party177=Indian Republican Front|votes177=118|seats177=0|sc177=<br /> |party178=Independents|votes178=8719952|seats178=6|sc178=<br /> |row179=Nominated [[Anglo-Indians]]|seats179=2<br /> |total_sc=0<br /> |invalid=7065039<br /> |electorate=605880192<br /> |source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4124-general-election-1998-vol-i-ii/ ECI]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===By state and alliance===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#ccf; vertical-align:middle;&quot;|State &lt;br /&gt; (# of seats)<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot; text-align:center; background:#ccf; vertical-align:middle;&quot;|Alliance/party<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ccf; text-align:center;&quot;|Seats contested<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ccf; text-align:right;&quot;|Seats won<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ccf; text-align:right;&quot;|Vote %<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=8 valign=top|[[1998 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] '''(42)'''<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |'''42'''<br /> |'''22'''<br /> |'''42.79'''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{Party color|Third Front}}&quot; |<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffe8e8&quot; |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |[[Telugu Desam Party]]<br /> |35<br /> |12<br /> |32<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |[[Communist Party Of India]] (CPI) <br /> |3<br /> |2<br /> |2.6<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Janata Dal}}<br /> |[[Janata Dal]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |0.9<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM) <br /> |3<br /> |0<br /> |2.9<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |38<br /> |4<br /> |18.3<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)}}<br /> |[[NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)]]<br /> |3<br /> |0<br /> |1.2<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}<br /> | [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |1.5<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Elections in Arunachal Pradesh#Lok Sabha elections|Arunachal Pradesh]] '''(2)'''<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Arunachal Congress}}<br /> | [[Arunachal Congress]]<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''52.5'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |23.9<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |21.7<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=6 valign=top|[[Elections in Assam#Lok Sabha Elections|Assam]] '''(14)'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |'''13'''<br /> |'''10'''<br /> |'''39.0'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |14<br /> |1<br /> |24.5<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Asom Gana Parishad}}<br /> |[[Asom Gana Parishad]]<br /> |10<br /> |0<br /> |12.7<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Autonomous State Demand Committee}}<br /> | [[Autonomous State Demand Committee]] <br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |2.2<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell| United Minorities Front, Assam}}<br /> |[[United Minorities Front, Assam]]<br /> |3<br /> |1<br /> |10.46<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /> |45<br /> |1<br /> |9.5<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=9 valign=top|[[Elections in Bihar#Lok Sabha Elections|Bihar]] '''(54)'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |'''32'''<br /> |'''20'''<br /> |'''24'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Samata Party}}<br /> |[[Samata Party]]<br /> |21<br /> |10<br /> |15.77<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> | [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<br /> |38<br /> |17<br /> |26.6<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |11<br /> |5<br /> |6.3<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{Party color|Third Front}}&quot; |<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffe8e8&quot; |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Janata Dal}}<br /> | [[Janata Dal]]<br /> |28<br /> |1<br /> |7.3<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) <br /> |15<br /> |0<br /> |3.4<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM) <br /> |4<br /> |0<br /> |0.4<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |[[All India Forward Bloc]] (AIFB) <br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|All India Rashtriya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[All India Rashtriya Janata Party]]<br /> |3<br /> |1<br /> |0.9<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=2 valign=top|[[Elections in Goa#Lok Sabha Elections|Goa]] '''(2)'''<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''31.6'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |30<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=2 valign=top|[[1998 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]] '''(26)'''<br /> |{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |'''26'''<br /> |'''19'''<br /> |'''48.3'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |26<br /> |7<br /> |38<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=5 valign=top|[[1998 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]] '''(10)'''<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Haryana Lok Dal (Rastriya)}}<br /> |[[Haryana Lok Dal (Rashtriya)]]<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''25.9'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |10<br /> |3<br /> |26.0<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Haryana Vikas Party}}<br /> |[[Haryana Vikas Party]]<br /> |4<br /> |1<br /> |11.6<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |6<br /> |1<br /> |18.9<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br /> |3<br /> |1<br /> |7.7<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Elections in Himachal Pradesh#Lok Sabha elections|Himachal Pradesh]] '''(4)'''<br /> |{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''51.4'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |4<br /> |1<br /> |41.9<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Himachal Vikas Congress}}<br /> |[[Himachal Vikas Congress]]<br /> |4<br /> |0<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=3 valign=top|[[1998 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu &amp; Kashmir]] '''(6)'''<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference}}<br /> |[[Jammu &amp; Kashmir National Conference]]<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''36.4'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |6<br /> |2<br /> |28.6<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |6<br /> |1<br /> |19.2<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|[[Elections in Karnataka#Lok Sabha elections|Karnataka]] '''(28)'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |'''18'''<br /> |'''13'''<br /> |'''26.9'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell| Lok Shakti}}<br /> |[[Lok Shakti]]<br /> |10<br /> |3<br /> |11.5<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |28<br /> |9<br /> |36.2<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell| Janata Dal }}<br /> |[[Janata Dal]]<br /> |28<br /> |3<br /> |21.7<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=9 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]] '''(20)'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |'''17'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''38.7'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}<br /> |[[Kerala Congress]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |2.4<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Muslim League Kerala State Committee}}<br /> |[[Muslim League Kerala State Committee]]<br /> |2<br /> |2<br /> |5<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{Party color|Third Front}}&quot; |<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffe8e8&quot; |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM) <br /> |9<br /> |6<br /> |21<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) <br /> |4<br /> |2<br /> |8.3<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}<br /> |[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |2.7<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}<br /> |[[Kerala Congress]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |2.2<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell| Janata Dal}}<br /> |[[Janata Dal]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |3.9<br /> |-<br /> |{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |20<br /> |0<br /> |8<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Elections in Madhya Pradesh#Lok Sabha Elections|Madhya Pradesh]] '''(40)'''<br /> | {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |'''40'''<br /> |'''30'''<br /> |'''45.7'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |40<br /> |10<br /> |39.4<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell| Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br /> |35<br /> |0<br /> |8.7<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=7 valign=top|[[Elections in Maharashtra#As Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] '''(48)'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |'''41'''<br /> |'''33'''<br /> |'''43.6'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}<br /> |[[Republican Party of India]]<br /> |4<br /> |4<br /> |4.1<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |[[Samajwadi Party]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |1.5<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell| Shiv Sena}}<br /> |[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]<br /> |22<br /> |6<br /> |19.7<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |25<br /> |4<br /> |22.5<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |1.1<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Peasants And Workers Party of India}}<br /> |[[Peasants And Workers Party of India]]<br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |0.9<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|[[Elections in Manipur#Lok Sabha elections|Manipur]] '''(2)'''<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |[[Communist Party Of India]] (CPI) <br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |'''20.5'''<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Manipur State Congress Party}}<br /> |[[Manipur State Congress Party]]<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |'''25.4'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |12.6<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell| Lok Shakti}}<br /> |[[Lok Shakti]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0.2<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot;rowspan=3 valign=top|[[Elections in Odisha#Lok Sabha elections|Orissa]] '''(21)'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Biju Janata Dal}}<br /> |[[Biju Janata Dal]]<br /> |'''12'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''27.5'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |9<br /> |7<br /> |21.2<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |21<br /> |5<br /> |41<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=8 valign=top|[[Elections in Punjab, India|Punjab]] '''(13)'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}}<br /> |[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''32.9'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |3<br /> |3<br /> |11.7<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell| Janata Dal}}<br /> |[[Janata Dal]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |4.2<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |3.8<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |8<br /> |0<br /> |25.8<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India ]] (CPI) <br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |3.4<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br /> |4<br /> |0<br /> |12.6<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|[[Elections in Rajasthan#Lok Sabha elections|Rajasthan]] '''(25)'''<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |'''25'''<br /> |'''18'''<br /> |'''44.5'''<br /> |-<br /> |{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |25<br /> |5<br /> |41.7<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell| All India Indira Congress (Secular)}}<br /> |[[All India Indira Congress (Secular)]]<br /> |9<br /> |1<br /> |1.9<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /> |50<br /> |1<br /> |3.8<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=14 valign=top|[[1999 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] '''(39)'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> |'''22'''<br /> |'''18'''<br /> |'''25.9'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}<br /> |[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]<br /> |5<br /> |4<br /> |6<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |5<br /> |3<br /> |6.9<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]}}<br /> |[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> |5<br /> |3<br /> |6.3<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Janata Party}}<br /> | [[Janata Party]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |1.5<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |3.62<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |35<br /> |0<br /> |4.8<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> | [[MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> |3<br /> |0<br /> |1.1<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|United Communist Party of India}}<br /> |[[United Communist Party Of India]] <br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{Party color|Third Front}}&quot; |<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffe8e8&quot; |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]<br /> | {{party color cell| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> |16<br /> |4<br /> |18.5<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)}}<br /> |[[Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)]] <br /> |19<br /> |3<br /> |19.2<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |[[Communist Party Of India]] (CPI) <br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |2.5<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM) <br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |0.6<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=9 valign=top|[[Elections in Uttar Pradesh#Table of Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha results|Uttar Pradesh]] '''(85)'''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |'''82'''<br /> |'''57'''<br /> |'''36.5'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Samata Party}}<br /> |[[Samata Party]]<br /> |2<br /> |2<br /> |0.8<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0.1<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[Indian National Congress|Congress+]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |76<br /> |0<br /> |6<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br /> |85<br /> |4<br /> |20.9<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |[[Samajwadi Party]]<br /> |81<br /> |20<br /> |28.7<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}<br /> |[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |0.5<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> | -<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /> |491<br /> |1<br /> |2.8<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;&quot; rowspan=9 valign=top|[[Elections in West Bengal#Lok Sabha elections|West Bengal]] '''(42)'''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=&quot;{{Party color|Third Front}}&quot; |<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffe8e8&quot; |[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM) <br /> |'''32'''<br /> |'''24'''<br /> |'''35.4'''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |[[Communist Party Of India]] (CPI) <br /> |3<br /> |3<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] (RSP) <br /> |4<br /> |4<br /> |4.5<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |[[All India Forward Bloc]] (AIFB) <br /> |3<br /> |2<br /> |3.3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Nationalist Trinamool Congress}}<br /> |[[All India Trinamool Congress]] (AITC)<br /> |28<br /> |7<br /> |24.1<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br /> |14<br /> |2<br /> |10.2<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#FEF3E8&quot; |[[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)<br /> |39<br /> |1<br /> |15.2<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> == Support for the New Government ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Political Party<br /> !Seats<br /> !Alliance<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> |182<br /> | rowspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''[[National Democratic Alliance]]'''<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|AIADMK}}&quot; |<br /> |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> |18<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Samata Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Samata Party]]<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Biju Janata Dal]]<br /> |9<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]<br /> |8<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[All India Trinamool Congress]]<br /> |7<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]<br /> |6<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]<br /> |4<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Lok Shakti}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Lok Shakti]]<br /> |3<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> |3<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Janata Dal]] &lt;br/&gt; (out of 6 M.Ps)<br /> |2<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Arunachal Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Arunachal Congress]]<br /> |2<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Janata Party]]<br /> |1<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Haryana Vikas Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Haryana Vikas Party]]<br /> |1<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]<br /> |1<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress]] &lt;br/&gt; ''(As Independent)''<br /> |1<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Manipur State Congress Party]]<br /> |1<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Morcha}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Satnam Singh Kainth|Bahujan Samaj Morcha]] &lt;br/&gt; ''(As Independent)''<br /> |1<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Independent}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /> |2<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Telugu Desam Party]]<br /> |12<br /> | rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |'''outside support'''<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2|Total<br /> |'''276'''<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of members of the 12th Lok Sabha]]<br /> *[[:Category:1998 Indian general election by state or union territory]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1998 Indian general election| ]]<br /> [[Category:1998 elections in India|General]]<br /> [[Category:February 1998 in India|India]]<br /> [[Category:1998 elections in Asia|India]]<br /> [[Category:General elections in India]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Mithila&diff=545370 2026-04-20T09:49:03Z

<p>Sameer481: Created A Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Wikimedia subject-area collaboration}}<br /> {{WikiProject status|Defunct|type=geo}}<br /> {{Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Navigation}}<br /> Some [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]s have formed a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|project]] to improve organisation and standardised look and feel of articles related to [[Mithila]] region of India and Nepal.<br /> <br /> If you would like to help, please inquire on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] and see the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mithila/to do|to-do list]] there.<br /> <br /> '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mithila/New articles|New articles]]''' page contains articles that may be related to Mithila. Please add this page your watchlist and monitor the articles.<br /> <br /> ==Scope==<br /> The scope of this article fundamentally is loosely defined as all articles and sections relating to [[Mithila]]. Almost all of these will be (eventually) categorised under [[:Category:Mithila]], [[:Category:India]] and [[:category:Nepal]]<br /> <br /> ==Goals==<br /> <br /> # Creation of a generally standard look and feel for all [[Mithila]]-related articles.<br /> # To produce as many [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured Articles]] as possible related to Mithila.<br /> <br /> ==Discussion==<br /> *[[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mithila]]<br /> <br /> ==Participants==<br /> Please add your name to this list using &lt;nowiki&gt;# {{user|username}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in an alphabetical order<br /> # {{User|Damien2016}}<br /> # {{User|Dr._Videha}}<br /> # {{User|Ggajendra}}<br /> # {{User|Mikeanand}}<br /> # {{User|MithilaDesham}}<br /> # {{User|Vinitutpal}}<br /> # {{User|Dr. Dhanakar Thakur}}<br /> # {{User|Girmitya}}<br /> # {{User|Umeshberma}}<br /> # {{User|Manojberma77}}<br /> # {{User|Priyanka.rachna.jha}}<br /> # {{User|Vinitutpal}}<br /> # {{User|Kumariprity}}<br /> # {{User|Eukesh}}<br /> # {{User|Curious boy np}}<br /> # {{User|PratyushSinha101}}<br /> # {{User|Djha12}}<br /> # {{User|RedSaurb}}<br /> # {{user|Maithil hoon}}<br /> # {{user|Sntshkumar750}}<br /> # {{user|Maithill}}<br /> <br /> ==WikiProject Mithila notice==<br /> <br /> Place this WikiProject notice {{tl|WP India}} at the top of an article's Talk page to direct editors to the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Bihar|WikiProject Bihar]] for guidelines.<br /> <br /> To use it, place<br /> '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{WikiProject India|bihar=yes}} {{WikiProject Mithila}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''<br /> at the top of an article's Talk page.<br /> It will produce:<br /> {{WikiProject India|bihar=yes|category=no}}<br /> {{WikiProject Mithila|category=no}}<br /> <br /> ==Parentage==<br /> *[[Wikipedia:WikiProject South Asia]]<br /> *[[Wikipedia:WikiProject India]]<br /> **[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Bihar]]<br /> *[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Nepal]]<br /> <br /> ==Descendant WikiProjects==<br /> No descendant WikiProjects have been defined.<br /> <br /> ==Similar WikiProjects==<br /> *[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Punjab|WikiProject Punjab]]<br /> *[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Bengal|WikiProject Bengal]]<br /> <br /> ==Naming conventions==<br /> *[[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Indic)]]<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> Refer to<br /> *[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indian_states#Sections]] for state articles<br /> *[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indian_districts#Sections]] for district articles<br /> *[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indian_cities#Sections]] for city articles<br /> <br /> ==Featured articles==<br /> * none at the moment<br /> <br /> ===Featured lists===<br /> * none at the moment<br /> <br /> ==Good Articles==<br /> * none at the moment<br /> <br /> ==Articles currently in [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates|FAC]]==<br /> * none at the moment<br /> <br /> ==Articles currently in [[Wikipedia:Peer review|PR]]==<br /> * none at the moment<br /> <br /> ==Tools==<br /> :''Main tool page: [[tools:~dispenser/view/Tools|toolserver.org]]''<br /> *[[tools:~dispenser/view/Reflinks|Reflinks]] - Edits bare references - adds title/dates etc. to bare references<br /> *[[tools:~dispenser/view/Checklinks|Checklinks]] - Edit and repair external links<br /> *[[tools:~dispenser/view/Dab_solver|Dab solver]] - Quickly resolve ambiguous links.<br /> *[[tools:~dispenser/view/Peer_reviewer|Peer reviewer]] - Provides hints and suggestion to improving articles.<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Wikipedia policies and guidelines|state=collapsed}}<br /> {{WikiProject Footer}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mithila}}<br /> [[Category:WikiProject Mithila| ]]<br /> [[Category:WikiProject South Asia]]<br /> [[Category:India-related WikiProjects]]<br /> [[Category:WikiProject Nepal]]<br /> [[Category:WikiProject India]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chhoti_Kumari&diff=494055 2026-04-19T02:40:41Z

<p>Sameer481: made new bio...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Chhoti Kumari<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = 14 November 2025<br /> | term_end = <br /> | constituency = [[Chapra, Bihar Assembly constituency|Chapra]]<br /> | predecessor = [[C. N. Gupta]]<br /> | successor = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Chhoti Kumari''' is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. She is elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] in [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from Chapra constituency. She is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CHHOTI KUMARI CHAPRA (SARAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.myneta.info/Bihar2025/candidate.php?candidate_id=1277|access-date=2025-11-15|website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chapra Election Result Highlights: BJP's Chhoti Kumari extends wins against RJD's Khesari Lal Yadav by 7,600 vote margin|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chapra-bihar-assembly-election-result-2025-live-updates-bhojpuri-khesari-lal-yadav-rjd-chhoti-kumari-bjp/liveblog/125315347.cms|date=2025-11-14|access-date=2025-11-15|publisher=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chapra Election Result 2025 Live Updates: Chhoti Kumari wins seat with 86,000 votes against Khesari Lal Yadav|url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/chapra-election-result-2025-live-updates-khesari-lal-yadav-rjd-vs-chhoti-kumari-bjp-11763076862161.html|date=2025-11-14|access-date=2025-11-15|publisher=Mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chapra Result: खेसारी लाल यादव हारे, BJP की छोटी कुमारी ने 7600 वोटों से दी मात|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/chapra-assembly-seat-result-rjd-khesari-lal-yadav-bjp-chhoti-kumari-jan-suraaj-jai-prakash-singh-lead-trail-victory-201763079044975.html|date=2025-11-14|access-date=2025-11-15|publisher=Hindustan}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Chhoti}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> {{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nayagarh_Assembly_constituency&diff=521368 2026-04-14T03:31:13Z

<p>Sameer481: put up a details!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Nayagarh}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Nayagarh<br /> | state = [[Odisha]]<br /> | constituency_no = 122<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = 122-Nayagarh.svg<br /> | map_caption = Nayagarh Assembly constituency in [[Nayagarh district]]<br /> | map_alt = <br /> | division = Central Division<br /> | district = [[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Puri Lok Sabha constituency|Puri]]<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = Arun Kumar Sahoo.jpg<br /> | mla = [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]]<br /> | party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | electors = 2,22,736{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nayagarh''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Odisha|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Nayagarh district]], [[Odisha]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This constituency includes [[Nayagarh]], Nayagarh block and 18 [[Gram panchayat]]s (Sunamuhin, Panderipada, Giridipali, Kurala, Rabigadia, Pantikhari, Korapitha, Sakeri, Sardhapur, Bhadikila, Nandighora, Arada, Goudaput, Komanda, Rohibanka, Banthapur, Rabara, Ranganipatna and Odagaon nac of Odagaon Block).<br /> <br /> ==Elected members==<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp62.htm|title= 62 - Nayagarh Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 12 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|48.74}}<br /> {{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|52.41}}<br /> {{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|52.78}}<br /> {{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|54.25}}<br /> {{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|49.24}}<br /> {{bar percent|2002 (bypoll) |{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|56.88}}<br /> {{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|63.34}}<br /> {{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.84}}<br /> {{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|74.12}}<br /> {{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Janata Party}}|49.71}}<br /> {{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|58.96}}<br /> {{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|60.79}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Since its formation in 1951, 18 elections were held till date including one bypoll in 2002. [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]] won for the fifth consecutive time in the 2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election.<br /> <br /> List of members elected from Nayagarh constituency are:&lt;ref name=prevMLAs&gt;{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= Nayagarh Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=https://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/nayagarh.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 12 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nayagarh Assembly Election Results 2024: Nayagarh Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/nayagarh-constituency-result-18122 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Arun Kumar Sahoo]]<br /> |{{full party name with color|rowspan=7|Biju Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]&lt;ref name=&quot;election2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> |-<br /> |2002 (bypoll){{efn|Death of Bhagabat Behera}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Bye Election: Nayagarh 2002 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/279 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=IndiaVotes}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Mandakini Behera<br /> |-<br /> |[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br /> |[[Bhagabat Behera]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |Sitakanta Mishra<br /> |{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Bhagabat Behera]]<br /> |{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |Banshidhar Sahoo<br /> |{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Bhagabat Behera]]<br /> |{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]<br /> |{{full party name with color|Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Achyutananda Mohanty<br /> |{{full party name with color|Utkal Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |{{full party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]<br /> |Brundaban Chandra Singh<br /> |{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Raja Saheb Krushna Chandra Singh Mandhata<br /> |{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> <br /> === 2024 ===<br /> Voting was held on 25 May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election &amp; 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2024 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Pratyusha Rajeshwari Singh]] by a margin of 439 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin |<br /> |title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nayagarh}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Arun Kumar Sahoo]]<br /> |votes=81,959|percentage=48.74|change={{decrease}}3.67}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||<br /> party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Pratyusha Rajeshwari Singh]]<br /> |votes=81,520|percentage=48.48|change={{increase}}5.61}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ranajeet Dash<br /> |votes=2,650|percentage=1.58|change={{decrease}}1.14}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above<br /> |votes=964|percentage=0.57|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes=439|percentage=0.30|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes=1,68,152|percentage=75.49|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link no swing|<br /> |winner = Biju Janata Dal<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2019 ===<br /> In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Irani Ray by a margin of 14,948 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;election2019&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nayagarh&lt;ref name=&quot;TP Ass Cand&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=20 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Biju Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]] <br /> |votes = 81,548<br /> |percentage = 52.41<br /> |change = {{decrease}}0.37<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Irani Ray<br /> |votes=66,600|percentage=42.87|change={{increase}}37.62}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Manoj Kumar Sahoo<br /> |votes=4,221|percentage=2.72|change={{decrease}}35.48}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above<br /> |votes=916|percentage=0.59%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes=14,948|percentage=9.54|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes=1,55,496|percentage=72|change=NIL}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link no swing|<br /> |winner = Biju Janata Dal<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2014 ===<br /> In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Lala Manoj Kumar Ray by a margin of 20,867 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=2 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=2014-08-18|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Election box begin |<br /> | title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nayagarh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Odisha - Nayagarh|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS18122.htm?ac=122|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=2 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Nayagarh (122)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&amp;cid=122|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051732/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&amp;cid=122|url-status=usurped|archive-date=5 June 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=2 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Biju Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]]<br /> |votes = 75,538<br /> |percentage = 52.78<br /> |change = {{down}}1.47<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Lala Manoj Kumar Ray<br /> |votes=54,671|percentage=38.2|change={{up}}34.99}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Pradipta Jena<br /> |votes=7,521|percentage=5.25|change=1.31}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above<br /> |votes=883|percentage=0.62|change=''-''}}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes=20,867|percentage=14.57|change=''-''}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes=1,43,123|percentage=74.15|change={{up}}6.41}}<br /> {{Election box Registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = 1,93,031<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link no swing|<br /> |winner = Biju Janata Dal<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2009 ===<br /> In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]] defeated [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate [[Hemendra Chandra Singh]] by a margin of 27,341 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=27341 |accessdate=12 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=2013-05-27 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin |<br /> |title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nayagarh&lt;ref name=election2009&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Biju Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = [[Arun Kumar Sahoo]]<br /> |votes = 67,100<br /> |percentage = 54.25<br /> |change = ''-''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Independent|candidate=[[Hemendra Chandra Singh]]<br /> |votes=39,759|percentage=32.15|change=''-''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Jugansu Sekhar Panda<br /> |votes=4,878|percentage=3.94|change=''-''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sandhya Mohapatra<br /> |votes=3,967|percentage=3.21|change=''-''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Lala Manoj Kumar Ray<br /> |votes = 3,760<br /> |percentage = 3.04<br /> |change = ''-''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes=27,341|percentage=22.11{{efn|% of total valid votes}}|change=''-''}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes=1,32,686|percentage=67.74{{efn|2004 voter turnout was 64.05%}}|change={{up}}3.69}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link no swing|<br /> |winner = Biju Janata Dal<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Nayagarh district}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}<br /> {{coord|20.13|85.11|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Nayagarh district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garudan_(2023_film)&diff=499997 2026-04-08T07:12:25Z

<p>Sameer481: made a details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2023 Indian Malayalam film}}<br /> {{Long plot|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Garudan<br /> | image = Garudan 2023 (poster).jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Arun Varma<br /> | screenplay = [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]]<br /> | story = Jinesh M<br /> | producer = [[Listin Stephen]]<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Suresh Gopi]]<br /> * [[Biju Menon]]<br /> * [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Ajay David Kachappilly<br /> | editing = Sreejith Sarang<br /> | music = [[Jakes Bejoy]]<br /> | studio = Magic Frames<br /> | distributor = Magic Frames<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|11|3|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 October 2023 |title=Kalyani Priyadarshan's Sesham Mikeil Fathima to compete with Garudan and Tholvi F.C. at theatres |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kalyani-priyadarshans-sesham-mikeil-fathima-to-compete-with-garudan-and-tholvi-fc-at-theatres/8fbac63f65406 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027093137/https://www.ottplay.com/news/kalyani-priyadarshans-sesham-mikeil-fathima-to-compete-with-garudan-and-tholvi-fc-at-theatres/8fbac63f65406 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | runtime = 138 minutes&lt;ref name=&quot;:BBFC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=Garudan |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/garudan-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde3mjg5 |access-date= |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103145315/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/garudan-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmde3mjg5 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget = {{Estimation}} {{INR|7 crore|link=yes}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:BO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Panwar |first=Rosy |date=8 November 2023 |title=5 फिल्मों के बीच रिलीज हुई साउथ की ये फिल्म, जलवा ऐसा कि 5 दिनों में हासिल कर ली बजट की कमाई |trans-title=This South film was released between 5 films, its magic was such that it earned its budget in 5 days |url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/this-south-film-was-released-between-5-films-earned-budget-collection-in-5-days-box-office-4555792 |access-date= |website=NDTV India |language=hi |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108134306/https://ndtv.in/bollywood/this-south-film-was-released-between-5-films-earned-budget-collection-in-5-days-box-office-4555792 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!-- Do not add gross figures from unreliable sources or the sources not mentioned in [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Film/Indian cinema task force#Guidelines on sources]]. Such addition will be seen as disruptive editing and will be reverted with warnings.--&gt;{{Estimation}} {{INR|27.35 crore}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Garudan''''' ({{Translation|[[Brahminy kite]]}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Crime film|crime]] [[action thriller film]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:BBFC&quot; /&gt; directed by Arun Varma in his directorial debut, written by [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] and produced by [[Listin Stephen]]. The film features [[Suresh Gopi]] and [[Biju Menon]] leading an [[ensemble cast|ensemble supporting cast]] including [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Jagadish]], [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]], [[Divya Pillai]], [[Thalaivasal Vijay]], [[Major Ravi]], [[Dileesh Pothan]], and [[Nishanth Sagar]].<br /> <br /> In the film, Harish Madhav ([[Suresh Gopi]]), a police officer, and Nishanth Kumar ([[Biju Menon]]), a college professor, face-off in a legal battle over a student brutal rape case. The music was composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]], while Ajay David Kachappilly and Sreejith Sarang handled the cinematography and editing.<br /> <br /> ''Garudan'' was released in theatres on 3 November 2023 to positive reviews from critics and emerged as a commercial success, becoming the [[List of highest-grossing Malayalam films|seventh highest-grossing Malayalam film of 2023]].<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> A college student named Theresa Philip is [[Sexual assault|sexually assaulted]], and [[Superintendent of police (India)|DCP]] Harish Madhav is assigned to investigate the case. Salam Kyperi sees the culprit and gives information about him to the police. The police find Sudev V. Rajan, a [[Hyderabad]]-based IT professional, whose [[DNA]] sample matches the rapist. Through him, Harish learns of Nishanth Kumar, a college professor. Salam identifies Nishanth, and Harish collects evidence to arrest him. Following the laboratory result, police arrest Nishanth and produces him before the court. [[Advocate]] Thomas Iype, Harish's friend, appears for the prosecution and proves that Nishanth is guilty. The court [[Sentence (law)|sentences]] Nishanth to [[life imprisonment]].<br /> <br /> Seven years later, Theresa remains in a [[coma]] state, and her father, [[Colonel]] Philip George, is suffering from [[Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer's]]. Harish gets a punishment transfer to the Kerala Armed Police battalion right before his retirement. Nishanth meets his wife Haritha, and daughter after being released from jail, but Haritha avoids him. Harish plans to use his [[retirement fund]]s for his son Vijay's education and decides to live a peaceful life with his wife Sreedevi. He gives a statement against Minister Mathew in a [[dollar]] smuggling case.<br /> <br /> During Harish's retirement day as the Deputy Commandant, Nishanth files a [[New trial|retrial]] petition at the [[Kerala High Court]] to reopen his case, which the court decides to consider. On Iype's request, Harish steps in to face Nishanth. Harish and Iype visit Salam's wife and tell her the importance of Salam appearing in court. In court, Iype represents the state, and Nishanth, having earned an [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]] degree during his time in the prison, opts to defend himself.<br /> <br /> Nishanth proves Salam is a [[Alcoholism|chronic alcoholic]], and the DNA report submitted by the laboratory director is untrustworthy. He requests the [[judge]] that he be allowed to practice as an advocate and to temporarily suspend his [[conviction]]. During the [[witness]] examination, Murugan, a burglar, takes responsibility for assaulting Theresa. Nishanth is proven not guilty, and upon his demand, the judge orders the investigating officer to give ₹70 lakhs as compensation for [[defamation]].<br /> <br /> Harish suffers humiliation and sends his family to [[Palakkad]]. Nishanth decides to continue as an advocate and starts a new life with his family, who he reconciled with after his innocence gets proven. Though Iype thinks they made a mistake, Harish strongly believes he hasn't. He finds his house in a damaged condition and finds Drake, his pet dog, killed. Nishanth becomes a suspect, and Harish creates a scene at his house. Harish learns that it was Mathew and his goons who were behind damaging his house and killing Drake.<br /> <br /> Harish visits Jayadevan, [[jail superintendent]] of [[Central Prison, Viyyur]], and learns how Nishanth impressed Nari Suni, a prisoner with great influence. Harish tells Iype that Nishanth is not someone they expected and that he brilliantly planned to prove himself innocent, which Iype dismisses as Harish's assumptions. When Iype visits Harish at his house, Harish tells him about Nishanth's possible intention to attack Arunima, who joined Nishanth's office as an intern.<br /> <br /> While following Arunima, Harish finds her lying unconscious inside a [[public toilet]]. She wakes up, sees Harish, and misapprehends him, as she knows he has been following her. [[Sub-inspector#India|SI]] Varghese Cherian arrests Harish and puts him in [[Prison cell|lock-up]]. Nishanth learns of Harish's arrest and decides to appear for him. He visits him in the police lock-up to get an authorization letter signed. Harish tells about Nishanth's role in Suni's growth as a wealthy businessman named Sunil Kumar and how he used the witnesses to [[Acquittal|acquit]] the case.<br /> <br /> Harish finally admits that he made only one mistake in Theresa's case. He concludes that Nishanth attacked Theresa by a practice and it showed signs of a psychopath. He had thought it was a random incident and didn't do a full thorough background profiling. He expresses his doubts about Nishanth's involvement in Safia Sait's and Sunita Sharma's deaths in the past. Nishanth reveals about two other murders he has committed that were unknown to Harish and shows his [[Psychopathy|psychopathic]] nature. Nishanth, who arrived after keeping [[radio jockey|RJ]] Neethu as a hostage in Harish's house, tells Harish about it and quickly reaches there.<br /> <br /> But, Nishanth finds Haritha in place of Neethu and realises that it was all planned by Harish, [[Inspector-general of police|IG]] Cyriac Joseph and Varghese Cherian to trap him and to bring out his killing obsession. At court, Philip informs Harish and Iype about Theresa's death, and Iype requests the judge to impose an additional charge under [[Indian Penal Code#Death penalty|IPC Section 302]] against Nishanth. The court tasks the [[Kerala Police]] with further investigation, declares Nishanth the accused, and orders Nari Suni, Murugan, and others to be included as co-accused.<br /> <br /> In the post-credits scene, Mathew and his private secretary are traveling in their vehicle and are blocked by a broke-down truck in an isolated area. Harish approaches Mathew and asks if he's seen the movie '[[John Wick (film)|John Wick]]', showing Drake's photo. The vehicle instantly gets locked with Mathew and his private secretary inside and the driver missing, which draws fear in them of what is to come next.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> &lt;!-- Do not change the cast order. It is given according to the film's credits. --&gt;<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Suresh Gopi]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|DCP]] Harish Madhav [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<br /> * [[Biju Menon]] as Ex-[[Professor|Prof.]] [[Advocate|Adv.]] Nishanth Kumar <br /> * [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Thomas Iype, Harish's best friend and [[Advocate|public prosecutor]]<br /> * [[Jagadish]] as Salaam Kaiperi<br /> * [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]] as Sreedevi Madhav, Harish's wife<br /> * [[Divya Pillai]] as Haritha Kumar, Nishanth's wife<br /> * [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as [[Colonel]] Philip George<br /> * Chaithania Prakash as Theresa Philip<br /> * [[Major Ravi]] as [[Doctorate|Dr.]] Babu Mathew, Central Chemical Laboratory Director, Kochi<br /> * [[Dileesh Pothan]] as [[Inspector-general of police#India|IG]] Cyriac Joseph [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner]] of [[Kochi City Police]]<br /> * [[Nishanth Sagar]] as &quot;Nari&quot; Suni / Sunil Kumar<br /> * Krishna Vijayachandran as Vijay Madhav, Harish's son<br /> * [[Kalabhavan Haneef]] as Charlie, a tea vendor<br /> * [[Dinesh Panicker]] as the [[Magistrate]] of the District and Sessions Court, Ernakulam<br /> * [[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as Jail Superintendent Jayadevan<br /> * [[Jayan Cherthala]] as Ex-Minister Mathew Peter<br /> * [[Arjun Nandhakumar]] as [[Sub-inspector#India|SI]] Alex George<br /> * [[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] as [[Sub-inspector#India|SI]] Cherian Varghese<br /> * James Eliya as Doctor<br /> * [[Prem Prakash]] as Samuel John<br /> * [[Mahesh (Malayalam actor)|Mahesh]] as the [[Magistrate]] of the District and Sessions Court, Ernakulam<br /> * [[Kichu Tellus]] as Jijo Manalil, [[Fishmonger]] at [[Vypin]] Harbour and Smitha's husband<br /> * Jaise Jose as Thaskara Murugan<br /> * [[Balaji Sarma]] as Haridas, College Lecturer and Nishanth's Friend<br /> * [[Dinesh Prabhakar]] as Shaji, Nishanth's Friend<br /> * Malavika Vipin as Arunima<br /> * Megha Thomas as [[Radio jockey|RJ]] Neethu<br /> * Ranjini George as Raziya, Salaam's wife<br /> * [[Saranya Anand]] as Smitha Jijo<br /> * [[Listin Stephen]] as George ([[cameo appearance]]) <br /> * Josekutty Jacob as Sudev V. Rajan<br /> * [[Ambika Mohan]] as Nishanth's relative<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Development ===<br /> Jinesh M got the film's storyline from the [[Case study|case studies]] he referred to as part of his studies while doing his [[LLM degree|LL.M.]] at [[National University of Advanced Legal Studies]] in 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;:Manorama&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Antony |first=Seena |date=8 November 2023 |title='ഗരുഡനു' പുറകിലെ ആ വക്കീൽ ഇവിടുണ്ട്: ജിനേഷ് എം. അഭിമുഖം |trans-title=Here is the lawyer behind 'Garudan': Jinesh M. interview |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/interview/2023/11/08/chat-with-garudan-story-writer-jinesh-m.html |access-date= |website=Manorama Online |language=ml |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108121754/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/interview/2023/11/08/chat-with-garudan-story-writer-jinesh-m.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jinesh was introduced to Arun Varma through a friend, and later the two discussed some stories from which the story of ''Garudan'' was selected.&lt;ref name=&quot;:Manorama&quot; /&gt; Before meeting [[Listin Stephen]], Jinesh and Arun had approached many other producers with the story.&lt;ref name=&quot;:Manorama&quot; /&gt; In 2019, Jinesh and Arun prepared a screenplay for film based on the story.&lt;ref name=&quot;:Manorama&quot; /&gt; Later, through Listin Stephen, Jinesh and Arun approached [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]], who became part of the script, made changes and rewrote it.&lt;ref name=&quot;:Manorama&quot; /&gt; The project was officially announced on 15 April 2023 during the occasion of [[Vishu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=18 April 2023 |title=Malayalam cinema treats fans with a feast of announcements |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/apr/18/malayalamcinema-treats-fanswith-a-feast-of-announcements-2566842.html |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018092927/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/apr/18/malayalamcinema-treats-fanswith-a-feast-of-announcements-2566842.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was produced under Listin Stephen's banner, Magic Frames.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 August 2023 |title=Shooting of Suresh Gopi, Biju Menon starrer 'Garudan' wrapped up |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shooting-of-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-starrer-garudan-wrapped-up/article67218910.ece |access-date= |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924093644/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shooting-of-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-starrer-garudan-wrapped-up/article67218910.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film marks the reunion of Suresh Gopi and Biju Menon after 13 years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; They previously acted together in the 2011 film ''[[Christian Brothers (film)|Christian Brothers]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 October 2023 |title=Garudan: Suresh Gopi and Biju Menon's legal drama gets a release date? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/garudan-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menons-legal-drama-gets-a-release-date/75a73cc7ab270 |access-date= |website=OTTPlay}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Onmanorama |date=16 April 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi and Biju Menon set to entertain fans with new film 'Garudan' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/04/16/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-upcoming-movie-garudan.html |access-date= |website=Onmanorama |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427071215/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/04/16/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-upcoming-movie-garudan.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It also marked the directorial debut of Arun Varma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 August 2023 |title=11 വർഷത്തിന് ശേഷം സുരേഷ് ഗോപിയും ബിജു മേനോനും, 'ഗരുഡ'ന് പാക്കപ്പ് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/garudan-movie-shooting-completed-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-1.8837274 |access-date= |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017203422/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/garudan-movie-shooting-completed-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-1.8837274 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Casting and filming ===<br /> In an interview with ''[[Cinema Express]]'', Arun Varma said that Biju Menon was first approached to play the role of the police officer, but he expressed interest in playing the professor role.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=9 November 2023 |title=Director Arun Varma: Garudan might get a sequel |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/interviews/2023/nov/09/director-arun-varma-garudan-might-get-a-sequel-49399.html |access-date= |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110074813/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/interviews/2023/nov/09/director-arun-varma-garudan-might-get-a-sequel-49399.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Suresh Gopi, who initially intended to play the professor role, later agreed to play the police officer role.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Following an announcement in April 2023, the film began [[principal photography]] on 12 May 2023 in [[Kochi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi-Biju Menon's Garudan goes on floors |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/may/12/suresh-gopi-biju-menons-garudan-goes-on-floors-43344.html |access-date= |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017203428/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/may/12/suresh-gopi-biju-menons-garudan-goes-on-floors-43344.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The filming began with a pooja ceremony in the presence of Abhirami, Thalaivasal Vijay, Midhun Manuel Thomas, Listin Stephen and Major Ravi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2023 |title=സുരേഷ് ഗോപിയും ബിജു മേനോനും ഒന്നിക്കുന്ന 'ഗരുഡൻ'; ചിത്രീകരണം ആരംഭിച്ചു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-movie-garudan-begins-abhirami-midhun-manuel-thomas-1.8552215 |access-date= |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520013841/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-movie-garudan-begins-abhirami-midhun-manuel-thomas-1.8552215 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Major Ravi lit the [[Nilavilakku]] first and gave the first clap, while the film's story writer, Jinesh M, performed the switch-on.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nirmal |date=12 May 2023 |title=മിഥുന്‍ മാനുവല്‍ തോമസിന്‍റെ തിരക്കഥ; സുരേഷ് ഗോപിയും ബിജു മേനോനും ഒന്നിക്കുന്ന 'ഗരുഡന്' ആരംഭം |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/garudan-movie-starts-rolling-midhun-manuel-thomas-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-nsn-rujcg4 |access-date= |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml |archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021121127/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/garudan-movie-starts-rolling-midhun-manuel-thomas-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-nsn-rujcg4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Suresh Gopi joined the film set on 15 May 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=16 May 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi starts shooting for Garudan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/may/16/suresh-gopi-starts-shooting-for-garudan-43508.html |access-date= |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523143516/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/may/16/suresh-gopi-starts-shooting-for-garudan-43508.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Biju Menon joined the set at the beginning of July after completing his shoot for [[Jis Joy]]'s film.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 July 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi-Biju Menon's Upcoming Film Garudan Goes On Floors: Reports |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/after-thirteen-years-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-to-work-together-again-8300515.html |access-date= |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017211825/https://www.news18.com/movies/after-thirteen-years-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-to-work-together-again-8300515.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ലേഖകൻ |first=മനോരമ |date=11 July 2023 |title=13 വര്‍ഷത്തിനുശേഷം ഒന്നിച്ച് അഭിനയിച്ച് സുരേഷ് ഗോപിയും ബിജു മേനോനും |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/07/11/biju-menon-joined-garudan-set.html |access-date= |website=Manorama Online |language=ml |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018092927/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/07/11/biju-menon-joined-garudan-set.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Union Christian College, Aluva|Union Christian College]] at [[Aluva]] was also used for filming.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 May 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi refutes his hospitalisation rumours: I am completely fine and at the shooting location of 'Garudan' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/suresh-gopi-refutes-his-hospitalisation-rumours-i-am-completely-fine-and-at-the-shooting-location-of-garudan-at-aluva-uc-college/articleshow/100470822.cms |access-date= |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525094045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/suresh-gopi-refutes-his-hospitalisation-rumours-i-am-completely-fine-and-at-the-shooting-location-of-garudan-at-aluva-uc-college/articleshow/100470822.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from Kochi, [[Hyderabad]] was another main shooting location.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Keralakaumudi |date=17 October 2023 |title=Trailer of Garudan starring Suresh Gopi and Biju Menon released |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1171123&amp;u=trailer-of-garudan-starring-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-released |access-date= |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017203615/https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1171123&amp;u=trailer-of-garudan-starring-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-released |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 October 2023 |title=Behind-the-scenes Clip Of Suresh Gopi And Biju Menon-starrer Garudan Released |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/behind-the-scenes-clip-of-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-starrer-garudan-released-8609699.html |access-date= |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017203439/https://www.news18.com/movies/behind-the-scenes-clip-of-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-starrer-garudan-released-8609699.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The shoot took place for 75 days on three schedules.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 August 2023 |title=It's A Wrap For Suresh Gopi And Biju Menon's Legal Thriller Garudan |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/its-a-wrap-for-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menons-legal-thriller-garudan-8547190.html |access-date= |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826152141/https://www.news18.com/movies/its-a-wrap-for-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menons-legal-thriller-garudan-8547190.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nirmal |date=21 August 2023 |title=മൂന്ന് ഷെഡ്യൂളുകള്‍, 75 ദിവസത്തെ ചിത്രീകരണം; 'ഗരുഡൻ' പൂർത്തിയായി |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/garudan-malayalam-movie-wrapped-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-midhun-manuel-thomas-nsn-rzqbv3 |access-date= |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018092926/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/garudan-malayalam-movie-wrapped-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-midhun-manuel-thomas-nsn-rzqbv3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The entire filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] up on 19 August 2023 in Kochi and entered [[post-production]] work.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 August 2023 |title=Filming of Suresh Gopi-Biju Menon's Garudan wraps up |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/aug/20/filming-of-suresh-gopi-biju-menons-garudan-wraps-up-46788.html |access-date= |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017211825/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/aug/20/filming-of-suresh-gopi-biju-menons-garudan-wraps-up-46788.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 September 2023 |title=Post production works of Suresh Gopi-Biju Menon starrer 'Garudan' in progress |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/post-production-works-of-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-starrer-garudan-in-progress/articleshow/103838700.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003121131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/post-production-works-of-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-starrer-garudan-in-progress/articleshow/103838700.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Suresh Gopi completed his dubbing portions in the first week of October 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 October 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi completes talkie portions for 'Garudan' |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/suresh-gopi-completes-talkie-portions-for-garudan/articleshow/104202744.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017220928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/suresh-gopi-completes-talkie-portions-for-garudan/articleshow/104202744.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> The songs and background score are composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]] in his third collaboration with Magic Frames, following ''[[Jana Gana Mana (2022 film)|Jana Gana Mana]]'' and ''[[Kaduva]]'' in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 June 2023 |title='Garudan' teaser: Suresh Gopi bashes up goons with a motorbike helmet |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/garudan-teaser-suresh-gopi-bashes-up-goons-with-a-motorbike-helmet/article67011474.ece |access-date= |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017203456/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/garudan-teaser-suresh-gopi-bashes-up-goons-with-a-motorbike-helmet/article67011474.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 May 2023 |title=പോലീസ് വേഷത്തിൽ വീണ്ടും സുരേഷ് ഗോപി; 'ഗരുഡൻ' ചിത്രീകരണം പുരോഗമിക്കുന്നു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suresh-gopi-new-police-role-in-garudan-1.8560179 |access-date= |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523031346/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suresh-gopi-new-police-role-in-garudan-1.8560179 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=Garudan Songs |url=https://www.raaga.com/malayalam/movie/garudan-songs-M0004273 |access-date= |website=Raaga.com |language=en |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106080713/https://www.raaga.com/malayalam/movie/garudan-songs-M0004273 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Tear My Soul<br /> | note1 = English<br /> | length1 = 1:54<br /> | lyrics1 = Clint Lewis<br /> | extra1 = Clint Lewis<br /> | title2 = Koorambay<br /> | length2 = 2:55<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Anwar Ali (poet)|Anwar Ali]]<br /> | extra2 = Zeba Tommy<br /> | title3 = Move On<br /> | note3 = English<br /> | length3 = 1:26<br /> | lyrics3 = Clint Lewis<br /> | extra3 = Clint Lewis<br /> | total_length = 6:15<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> <br /> === Theatrical ===<br /> The film was censored with a U/A certificate by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 October 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi-Biju Menon film Garudan censored U/A |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/27/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-film-garudan-censoredua-49004.html |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028075250/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/27/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-film-garudan-censoredua-49004.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A preview of the film was held at [[PVR INOX]] at [[Lulu International Shopping Mall, Kochi|LuLu Mall, Kochi]] on 2 November 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kuttan |first=Rashmi |date=3 November 2023 |title=Garudan Review: Is Suresh Gopi, Biju Menon's thriller film worth watching? Read this |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/garudan-review-is-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-s-thriller-film-worth-watching-read-this-rkn-s3j32j |access-date= |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103145314/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/garudan-review-is-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-s-thriller-film-worth-watching-read-this-rkn-s3j32j |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Garudan'' was released in theatres on 3 November 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 October 2023 |title=നീണ്ട ഇടവേളക്ക് ശേഷം സുരേഷ് ഗോപി - ബിജു മേനോൻ ടീം ഒന്നിക്കുന്ന ത്രില്ലർ; ഗരുഡൻ എത്താൻ 7 ദിവസങ്ങൾ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/garudan-movie-arun-varma-movie-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-movie-1.9020406 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027093136/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/garudan-movie-arun-varma-movie-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-movie-1.9020406 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 November 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi-Biju Menon's 'Garudan' gets a release date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/suresh-gopi-biju-menons-garudan-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/104848878.cms |access-date= |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101210231/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/suresh-gopi-biju-menons-garudan-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/104848878.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Home media ===<br /> [[Amazon Prime Video]] acquired the digital rights and began streaming it on 1 December 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=A. Manu |first=Hridyambika |date=1 December 2023 |title=Garudan out on OTT - When and where to watch the Suresh Gopi-Biju Menon courtroom thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/garudan-out-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-the-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-courtroom-thriller/a4a5726396463 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205080131/https://www.ottplay.com/news/garudan-out-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-the-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-courtroom-thriller/a4a5726396463 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2023 |title=From 'Dhootha' to 'Garudan': New OTT releases this week |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/12/01/new-ott-releases-this-week-december-garudan-dhootha-netflix-amazon-prime.html |website=Onmanorama |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205080056/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/12/01/new-ott-releases-this-week-december-garudan-dhootha-netflix-amazon-prime.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Box office ===<br /> ''Garudan'' reportedly collected ₹1.15 crore on its opening day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 November 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi And Biju Menon's Garudan Collects Rs 6.25 Crore On Day 3 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/suresh-gopi-and-biju-menons-garudan-collects-rs-6-25-crore-on-day-3-8652527.html |access-date= |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109012951/https://www.news18.com/movies/suresh-gopi-and-biju-menons-garudan-collects-rs-6-25-crore-on-day-3-8652527.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film grossed a total of ₹5.25 crores from the Kerala box office, in its first five days.<br /> <br /> The film grossed ₹16.3 crore in Kerala, ₹1.5 crore in the rest of India, and ₹9.55 crore overseas, totaling ₹27.35 crore worldwide and thereby becoming a commercial success.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; It earned $17,343 in the United Kingdom, $9,922 in Australia, and $4,818 in New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite The Numbers|id=Garudan-(2023-India)|title=Garudan|access-date=12 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; It earned a total of $898,000 from GCC, $112,000 from Canada, $32,000 from USA and $4000 from Singapore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite Box Office Mojo|id=27411198|title=Garudan|access-date=12 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> ''Garudan'' received positive reviews from critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 December 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi - Biju Menon starrer 'Garudan' gets OTT premiere |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/Dec/02/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-starrergarudan-gets-ott-premiere-2638146.html |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205080129/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/dec/02/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-starrergarudan-gets-ott-premiere-2638146.amp |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=A. Manu |first=Hridyambika |date=7 November 2023 |title=Tholvi FC vs Garudan: Which Malayalam film is ahead at the box office |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/tholvi-fc-vs-garudan-which-malayalam-film-is-ahead-at-the-box-office/b2da3c255c438 |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121152655/https://www.ottplay.com/news/tholvi-fc-vs-garudan-which-malayalam-film-is-ahead-at-the-box-office/b2da3c255c438 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Suresh Gopi And Biju Menon-starrer Garudan Releases On Amazon Prime |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-starrer-garudan-releases-on-amazon-prime-8690861.html |website=News18 |language=en |access-date=4 December 2023 |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205090057/https://www.news18.com/movies/suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon-starrer-garudan-releases-on-amazon-prime-8690861.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Subhash K. Jha of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;''Garudan'' is a compelling beast of a film. It grips you by the neck and hurls you from one twist to another until you are pleasantly exhausted at the end while reaching a culmination that is both expected and unexpected.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=K. Jha |first=Subhash |date=6 December 2023 |title=Garudan Movie Review: Suresh Gopi, Biju Menon's Film Is A Taut Twisty Thriller |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/garudan-movie-review-suresh-gopi-biju-menons-film-is-a-taut-twisty-thriller--review-105769508 |website=Times Now |language=en |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=6 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206133629/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/garudan-movie-review-suresh-gopi-biju-menons-film-is-a-taut-twisty-thriller-review-105769508 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gopika Is of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;Arun Varma's ''Garudan'' is a perfect dose of everything for Malayali audiences who go to theatres with not much hope now.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Is |first=Gopika |date=4 November 2023 |title=Garudan Movie Review : A satisfying thriller with a twist |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/garudan/movie-review/104952032.cms |access-date= |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103194127/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etmoviedetailshowtimes.cms?movieid=102892966&amp;detailid=102892966&amp;city_name=Mumbai&amp;city_id=2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Vignesh Madhu of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;Pitted against each other in equally prominent roles, seasoned performers Suresh Gopi and Biju Menon keep us on the edge of our seats.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=3 November 2023 |title=Garudan Movie Review: An engrossing thriller with a terrific finale |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/nov/03/garudan-movie-review-an-engrossing-thriller-with-a-terrific-finale-49240.html |access-date= |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103181334/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/nov/03/garudan-movie-review-an-engrossing-thriller-with-a-terrific-finale-49240.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;''Garudan'' is undoubtedly a breath of fresh air for viewers inundated with mindless thrillers that have dominated our industries in recent times.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Anandu |date=3 November 2023 |title=Garudan movie review: Suresh Gopi, Biju Menon film is gripping and solid, unlike many recent Malayalam thrillers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/garudan-movie-review-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-film-is-gripping-and-solid-9011390/ |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103145342/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/garudan-movie-review-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-film-is-gripping-and-solid-9011390/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Neelima Menon of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, &quot;You might guess how ''Garudan'' a tense investigative thriller, will unravel. But the cleverness of its execution will still leave you impressed.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Neelima |date=4 November 2023 |title=Garudan Review: Suresh Gopi-Biju Menon Thriller Subverts Cat &amp; Mouse Chase |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/garudan-review-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-thriller-subverts-tropes-of-cat-mouse-chase/efa8353e2392 |access-date= |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104073912/https://www.ottplay.com/review/garudan-review-suresh-gopi-biju-menon-thriller-subverts-tropes-of-cat-mouse-chase/efa8353e2392 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;If ''Garudan'' manages to keep on flying, it is only due to the strength of the story at its core, although one wishes things were a bit more convincing.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=3 November 2023 |title='Garudan' movie review: An effective thriller that needed more layered writing |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/garudan-movie-review-an-effective-thriller-that-needed-more-layered-writing/article67493417.ece |access-date= |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103145315/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/garudan-movie-review-an-effective-thriller-that-needed-more-layered-writing/article67493417.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Princy Alexander of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote, &quot;Though the screenplay by Jinesh and Midhun Manuel is good, there are some weak moments in the film. The second half feels rushed, which affects the climax slightly. Nevertheless, the movie offers a lot of interesting twists that keep the audience engaged.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Princy |date=3 November 2023 |title=Review: Suresh Gopi, Biju Menon's 'Garudan' is a pacy investigation thriller |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/11/03/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-midhun-manuel-thomas-garudan-malayalam-movie-review.html |access-date= |website=Onmanorama |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103145316/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/11/03/suresh-gopi-biju-menon-midhun-manuel-thomas-garudan-malayalam-movie-review.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Future ==<br /> In an interview with ''[[The Hindu]]'', Arun Varma said that a [[sequel]] to ''Garudan'' is likely, and that he and Midhun Manuel Thomas are working on it.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=17 November 2023 |title=Malayalam film director Arun Varma says box office hit 'Garudan' is likely to have a sequel |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/malayalam-director-arun-varma-scores-with-garudan-starring-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon/article67531539.ece |access-date= |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117115945/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/malayalam-director-arun-varma-scores-with-garudan-starring-suresh-gopi-and-biju-menon/article67531539.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Jakes Bejoy]]<br /> [[Category:2023 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Films about rape in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian courtroom films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian legal drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digvijaynath&diff=497053 2026-04-07T10:45:05Z

<p>Sameer481: made article...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1894-1969)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Mahant Digvijaynath<br /> | native_name =<br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> | term_start = March 1967<br /> | term_end = September 1969<br /> | constituency = [[Gorakhpur Lok Sabha Constituency|Gorakhpur]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Sinhasan Singh]]<br /> | successor = [[Mahant Avaidyanath]]<br /> | birth_name = Swaroop Singh<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date text|1894}}<br /> | birth_place = Kankarwa Thikana, [[Udaipur State]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Udaipur district]], [[Rajasthan]])<br /> | death_date = {{Death year and age|1969|1894}}<br /> | death_place = [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br /> | party = [[Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha]]<br /> | other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]&lt;ref name=othersaffron&gt;<br /> {{cite news |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |authorlink=Christophe Jaffrelot |title=The other saffron |newspaper=Indian Express |date=6 October 2014 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-other-saffron/99/ |access-date=2014-10-06}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | education = <br /> | occupation = Politician, monk<br /> | signature = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | module = {{Infobox religious biography|embed=yes<br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | denomination = [[Shaivism]]<br /> | school = [[Yoga]]<br /> | sect = [[Nath|Nath Sampradaya]]<br /> | lineage = [[Guru Gorakhnath]]<br /> | guru = Baba Brahmanath<br /> | disciples = [[Mahant Avaidyanath]]<br /> | post = [[Mahant]]<br /> | temple = [[Gorakhnath Math]]<br /> | ordination = <br /> | period = <br /> | predecessor = Baba Brahmanath<br /> | successor = [[Mahant Avaidyanath]]<br /> }} <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mahant Digvijaynath''' (born '''Swaroop Singh Ranawat'''; 1894–1969)&lt;ref name=goraknath&gt;{{cite web |title=Mahant Digvijaynath |url=http://gorakhnath.net/digvijay-nath/ |publisher=gorakhnath.net |access-date=2014-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202172655/http://gorakhnath.net/digvijay-nath/ |archive-date=2 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; was the [[mahant]] ({{Lit|head priest}}), of the [[Gorakhnath Math]] in [[Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh|Gorakhpur]], India. He was also a [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalist]] activist and a politician of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]], who was arrested for inflaming passions among Hindus against [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Nath played a leading role in the [[Ram Janmabhoomi movement]] in 1949, which culminated in the appearance of [[Rama]] idols inside the [[Babri Masjid]], in an effort to revive the [[Hindu Mahasabha]] after its implication in the Gandhi assassination. Nath was elected as the [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] for [[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gorakhpur]] in 1967 on a Hindu Mahasabha ticket.&lt;ref name=&quot;othersaffron&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Digvijaynath was born Swaroop 'Nanhu' Singh in 1894 in Kankarwa Thikana (Mewar) of (Udaipur), [[Rajasthan]] in a Viramdevot Ranawat [[Rajput]] family. His mother (an Udawat Rathore Rajput from Kundoj, Ajmer) died when he was 8 years old. His father was Rawat Thakur Uday Singhji of Kankarwa, President of the Mewar Presidency Council (Mahendraj Sabha). He was given away to a [[Nath]] yogi called Phulnath, who took him to the [[Gorakhnath Math]] in Gorakhpur. He grew up in a monastery and went to study at St. Andrews College in Gorakhpur. He was an average student but excelled in sports, especially, hockey, horse-riding, and tennis. In 1920, he left his education to take part in politics.{{sfn|Jha|Jha|2012|pp=32–33}}<br /> <br /> In 1932, Baba Brahmanath became the mahant of the Gorakhnath Math and initiated him into the Nath tradition. After his death in 1935, the leadership of the math passed to Digvijaynath, who was anointed as the mahant on 15 August 1935. Despite being a mahant, Nath continued his pastime of playing lawn tennis as well as his political activities. {{clarify|date=August 2018}} The Gorakhnath math is traditionally venerated by both Hindus and Muslims, especially in lower caste communities.<br /> <br /> ==Religious career==<br /> Digvijaynath was succeeded by [[Mahant Avaidyanath]] as the head of [[Gorakhnath Math]] in 1969.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |title=This Muslim volunteer shares a special bond with Yogi Adityanath |url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/this-muslim-volunteer-shares-a-special-bond-with-yogi/story-rcNFSOsmARB8GrGwlyGB7H.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=20 March 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> Digvijaynath joined the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1920, and participated in the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|non-cooperation movement]] in 1922. He was arrested for taking an &quot;active part&quot; in the [[Chauri Chaura incident]] where a police station was burnt down, killing 23 policemen, causing [[Mahatma Gandhi]] to abort the movement.&lt;ref name=othersaffron&gt;<br /> {{cite news |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |authorlink=Christophe Jaffrelot |title=The other saffron |newspaper=Indian Express |date=6 October 2014 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-other-saffron/99/ |access-date=2014-10-06}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nath joined the [[Hindu Mahasabha]] in 1937 when [[V. D. Savarkar]] became its President, and rose to become the head of the party in the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]].&lt;ref name=othersaffron/&gt; His status as the mahant of the Gorakhpur Math as well as his political acumen helped him rise fast. He was radically anti-Muslim. He told ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' in 1952 that, if the Hindu Mahasabha attained power, it would deprive the Muslims of the right to vote for five to ten years, until they proved &quot;their loyalty to India.&quot;{{sfn|Jha|Jha|2012|p=33}} He incited Hindus to kill Mahatma Gandhi in a public meeting on 27 January 1948, three days before the actual assassination. He was subsequently arrested, along with Professor Ram Singh and [[V. G. Deshpande]], but released after 9 months.{{sfn|Jha|Jha|2012|pp=28–30}}<br /> <br /> Soon after his release from prison, Digvijaynath started making plans to revive the Hindu Mahasabha, which had invited the public's revulsion for its role in the assassination of Gandhi. The capture of the [[Babri Masjid]] in [[Ayodhya]] was a key plank of his plan.<br /> <br /> He was elected to Lok Sabha in 1967 General election from [[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Gorakhpur]]. He died mid-term in 1969.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Yogi Adityanath]]<br /> *[[Mahant Avaidyanath]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> === Citations ===<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Sources ===<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Jha |first1=Krishna |last2=Jha |first2=Dhirendra K. |title=Ayodhya: The Dark Night |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2012 |isbn=978-93-5029-600-4 }}<br /> {{Hindu Nationalism}}<br /> {{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Digvijaynath}}<br /> [[Category:1894 births]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Gorakhpur]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Ayodhya dispute]]<br /> [[Category:1969 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian far-right politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu Mahasabha politicians]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moondru_Pillaigal&diff=518427 2026-04-07T00:12:27Z

<p>Sameer481: put up new data!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1952 film by R. Nagendra Rao}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Moondru Pillaigal<br /> | image = Moondru Pillaigal.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[R. Nagendra Rao|Nagendra Rao]]<br /> | producer = [[S. S. Vasan]]<br /> | screenplay = Veppathur Kittu<br /> | story = Gemini Story Depart.<br /> | starring = [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]]&lt;br /&gt;Nagendra Rao&lt;br /&gt;[[M. K. Radha]]&lt;br /&gt;Sriram&lt;br /&gt;[[Gemini Ganesan|Ganesh]]<br /> | music = P. S. Anantharaman&lt;br /&gt;[[M. D. Parthasarathy]]&lt;br /&gt;(Supervisor)<br /> | cinematography = M. Natarajan<br /> | editing = N. R. Krishnaswamy<br /> | studio = [[Gemini Studios]]<br /> | released = {{film date|1952|7|11|df=y|ref1=&lt;ref name=&quot;lakshmansruthi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1952 – மூன்று பிள்ளைகள் - ஜெமினி ஸ்டுடியோ – முக்குரு கொடுகுலு (தெ). |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1952-cinedetails26.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305013028/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1952-cinedetails26.asp |archive-date=5 March 2017 |access-date=5 March 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil&lt;br /&gt;Telugu<br /> }}<br /> '''''Moondru Pillaigal''''' ({{translation|Three Sons}}) is a 1952 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] produced by [[S. S. Vasan]]. Based on [[Victor Fleming]]'s 1927 American film ''[[The Way of All Flesh (1927 film)|The Way of All Flesh]]'', it is about a couple and their three sons. The film was directed by [[R. Nagendra Rao|Nagendra Rao]] and stars himself alongside [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]], with [[M. K. Radha]], [[Gemini Ganesan]] and Sriram in supporting roles. It was simultaneously produced and released in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] under the title '''''Mugguru Kodukulu'''''. The film failed at the box office, which led to Vasan destroying all copies of it, thus making it a [[lost film]].<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{More plot|date=November 2021}}<br /> Gunavathi and Somasekhar have three sons together. The youngest one takes responsibility for a theft allegedly committed by them and goes to jail. A dejected Somasekhar commits suicide and Gunavathi is abandoned by their other two sons. Later, when the youngest son is released from jail, he takes care of his mother despite being jobless. However, he receives an offer from a film company to act as the main character in their film which is based on the ''[[Ramayana]]''. He succeeds in his job and manages to unite the family.&lt;ref name=&quot;kunkumam&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 June 2014 |title=தற்கொலைக் கலைஞன் |trans-title=Suicide Artiste |url=http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=7118&amp;id1=6&amp;issue=20140602 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305050130/http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=7118&amp;id1=6&amp;issue=20140602 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |access-date=5 March 2017 |website=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> Adapted from the respective song books:&lt;ref name=&quot;Tamilsongbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=மூன்று பிள்ளைகள் |publisher=[[Gemini Studios]] |year=1952 |language=ta |type=[[song book]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Telugusongbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/AJC/1952-Mugguru%20Kodukulu-1952.pdf |title=ముగ్గురు కొడుకులు |publisher=[[Gemini Studios]] |year=1952 |language=te |type=[[song book]] |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902085026/https://indiancine.ma/documents/AJC/1952-Mugguru%20Kodukulu-1952.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |-<br /> ! Cast (Tamil)<br /> ! Cast (Telugu)<br /> ! Role (Tamil)<br /> ! Role (Telugu)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]] || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Gunavathi<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[R. Nagendra Rao|Nagendra Rao]] || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Somasekhar<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[M. K. Radha]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Muthu (adult) ||style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Prakasam (adult)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Sriram || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Kannan (adult) || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Ram (adult)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Gemini Ganesan|Ganesh]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Sekhar (adult) || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Gopal (adult)<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Kumari Vanaja || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Janaki || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Kamala (Adult)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[M. S. Sundari Bai|Sundari Bai]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Pankajam || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Kantham <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Suryaprabha || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Kamini || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Chaya <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| G. Pattu Iyer || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Pandit Rao || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Ramadas<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Narayana Rao || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Film Producer<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[J. P. Chandrababu|Chandra Babu]] || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Music Director<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Vikatam Krishnamoorthi || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Maddala Krishnamoorthi || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Deaf Film Dealer<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| S. Krishnamoorthy || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Film Production Assistants<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Seetharaman <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Sethumadhavan || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Muthu (child) || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Prakasam (child)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Sudhakar || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Kannan (child) || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Ram (child)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Sudhindra || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Sekhar (child) || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Gopal (child)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| P. Seetha || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Kamala's friend<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| K. Ramaswamy || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Ramachandra Shastri || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Master<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Venkat || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Bar-at-Law<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B. Ramakrishna Rao || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Marwari people|Marwari]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| G. V. Sharma || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Krishnappa || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Amina<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| V. T. Kalyanam || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Race Broker<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Saraswathi || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Susheela (adult)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Rathna Papa || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Muthu's daughter || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Prakasam's daughter <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Mohan || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Muthu's son || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Prakasam's son<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Premakumari || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Kamala (child)<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B. H. Vijaya Rao || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Doctor<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Balan || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Sub-Inspector<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Velayutham || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Old Metal Merchant<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| P. M. Devan|| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Indrasen || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Office Proprietor<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Bindu Madhavan || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Film Director<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Ramanarasu || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Production Manager<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B. S. Padmanabha Rao || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Naughty Student<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| T. S. B. Rao || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Jhatka]] Driver <br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Sampath Kumar || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Suresh<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Muthukrishna Reddy|| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Milkman<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|— || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|V. P. Balaraman || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Police Constable<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film was based on the 1927 American [[silent film]] ''[[The Way of All Flesh (1927 film)|The Way of All Flesh]]'', directed by [[Victor Fleming]]. The family drama was successful in India, and was adapted into a film in [[Hindi]] titled ''[[Khazanchi (1941 film)|Khazanchi]]'' (1941). The Hindi film was highly successful in [[Chennai|Madras]] and ran for more than 25 weeks. [[R. Nagendra Rao|Nagendra Rao]], an established producer and director in [[Kannada cinema]], was impressed by the film and decided to direct the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] adaptation. He approached the Tamil film producer [[S. S. Vasan]] of [[Gemini Studios]] who had earlier produced ''[[Apoorva Sagodharargal (1949 film)|Apoorva Sagodharargal]]'', in which Rao played a role. Although Vasan was initially reluctant he agreed to finance the film. It was simultaneously produced and released in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] under the title ''Mugguru Kodukulu''.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=22 January 2011 |title=Moondru Pillaigal 1952 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Moondru-Pillaigal-1952/article15529076.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602073535/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Moondru-Pillaigal-1952/article15529076.ece |archive-date=2 June 2017 |access-date=10 November 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to writer [[Ashokamitran]], who was then associated with Gemini, novelist [[R. K. Narayan]] wrote a [[Film treatment|treatment]] for this film.{{sfn|Ashokamitran|2016|p=42}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=26 July 2001 |title=A flood of fond memories |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/07/26/stories/13261282.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503085637/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/07/26/stories/13261282.htm |archive-date=3 May 2017 |access-date=29 April 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[J. P. Chandrababu]], who would later go on to become an established comedian in Tamil cinema, played a small role lasting a single sequence in the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;hindu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=லெனின் |first=கோவி |title=வரலாறு படைத்த தமிழ்க் கலைஞர்கள்: கட்டுரை 12 கதாநாயகர்களுக்கு இணையான கலகலப்பு நாயகர்கள்! |url=http://cinema.nakkheeran.in/Talkies.aspx?T=2548 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035227/http://cinema.nakkheeran.in/Talkies.aspx?T=2548 |archive-date=6 March 2017 |access-date=5 March 2017 |website=[[Nakkheeran]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]], who would later become an established actress in the Telugu and Tamil film industries, was to make her acting debut with this film. Ganesh (later known as [[Gemini Ganesan]]), who played a supporting role as one among the three sons in the film was also as a casting assistant with Gemini, the production company. He recommended her for a small role in the film; however, she was not selected for the role.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=27 February 2017 |title=காலங்களில் அவள் வசந்தம்: செல்லுலாய்ட் பெண்கள் |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/ladies_Detail.asp?cat=79&amp;Nid=4991 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305151950/http://www.dinakaran.com/ladies_Detail.asp?cat=79&amp;Nid=4991 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |access-date=5 March 2017 |work=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> ;Tamil version<br /> Music was composed by P. S. Anantharaman and supervised by [[M. D. Parthasarathy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Tamilsongbook&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |location=Chennai |pages=42–43 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Lakshmi |title=கொத்தமங்கலம் சுப்பு திரையிசை பாடல்கள் |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |publication-date=September 2016 |pages=30, 77, 91, 96, 104, 121, 170 |language=ta |trans-title=Kothamangalam Subbu Film Songs}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Antha Rama Sowndharyam&quot; is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Kedaragaula]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Venkataraman |first=Shankar |date=28 June 2018 |title=M.L. Vasanthakumari's impeccable style gave us many evergreen hits |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mlvs-tryst-with-the-tinsel-world/article24278876.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200618123604/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mlvs-tryst-with-the-tinsel-world/article24278876.ece |archive-date=18 June 2020 |access-date=12 July 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Duration<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Vaazhvadhum Thaazhvadhum Panathale&quot; || A. M. Rajah || rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || 02:39<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Unnarul Maraven Aiya&quot; || N. L. Ganasaraswathi ||<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Inbam Enna Solluven&quot; || Jikki || 02:40<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Maalai Tharitha Maharaasi&quot; || (Radha) Jayalakshmi &amp; P. Leela || 02:43<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kaalamenbadhu Anuhoolamaahil&quot; || A. M. Rajah || 02:22<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Indu Desa Pugazh Paaduvom&quot; || T. A. Mothi || 01:54<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Poorana Chandirane, Paripoorana Chandirane&quot; || P. Leela || 03:22<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Naan Konda Karuvinai&quot; || M. S. Anuradha || 03:22<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Antha Rama Sowndharyam&quot; || M. L. Vasanthakumari &amp; A. P. Komala || Arunasala Kavirayar (Rama Nadaga Keerthanai) || 03:25<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Yaaridam Solluven&quot; || P. Leela || V. Seetharaman || 02:45<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ''Moondru Pillaigal'' failed at the box-office,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=25 March 2005 |title=Suave, sophisticated, romantic |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/25/stories/2005032500480400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305152239/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/25/stories/2005032500480400.htm |archive-date=5 March 2017 |access-date=5 March 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; which led to Vasan destroying all copies of it, thus making it a [[lost film]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kunkumam&quot; /&gt; Ashokamitran said there was nothing &quot;seriously wrong&quot; with the film, but felt that &quot;the audience just couldn't take another film about a family torn asunder in the fourth reel and reunited in the last.&quot;{{sfn|Ashokamitran|2016|p=43}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of Tamil films of 1952]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Ashokamitran |author-link=Ashokamitran |title=Fourteen Years with Boss |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-14-342329-4 |location=India}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{Gemini Studios}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Moondru Pillaigal}}<br /> [[Category:1952 films]]<br /> [[Category:1952 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1952 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1952 multilingual films]]<br /> [[Category:1952 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1952 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1950s lost films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about families]]<br /> [[Category:Gemini Studios films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian multilingual films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]<br /> [[Category:Lost Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinesh_Mangaluru&diff=497191 2026-04-05T06:20:13Z

<p>Sameer481: made info...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor and art director (1970/1971–2025)}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Dinesh Mangaluru<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | years_active = 1988{{Endash}}2025<br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> }}<br /> '''Dinesh Mangaluru''' (1969 or 1970 – 25 August 2025) was an Indian actor.<br /> <br /> == Life and career ==<br /> Mangaluru began acting in the theatre. Throughout his career, he worked on hundreds of films as an Art director. He primarily worked in [[Kannada cinema]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Samwel |first=Emanuela |date=25 August 2025 |title=Dinesh Mangaluru Biography &amp; Career: KGF Star's Legacy |url=https://mabumbe.com/people/dinesh-mangaluru-biography-career-kgf-stars-legacy/ |access-date=26 August 2025 |website=Mabumbe |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was known for playing The Bombay Don in the [[KGF (film series)|KGF film series]].&lt;ref name=Mangaluru/&gt;<br /> <br /> Mangaluru died in [[Kundapura]], [[Karnataka]] on 25 August 2025, at the age of 55.&lt;ref name=Mangaluru&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 August 2025 |title=KGF, Kantara actor Dinesh Mangaluru dies at 55 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kgf-kantara-actor-dinesh-mangaluru-dies-at-55-10209793/ |access-date=26 August 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Selected filmography==<br /> {{Div col}}<br /> * ''[[Aasphota]]'' (1988)<br /> * ''[[Nagamandala]]'' (1996)<br /> * ''[[Z (1999 film)|Z]]'' (1999)<br /> * ''[[Atithi (2002 film)|Atithi]]'' (2002)<br /> * ''[[Smile (2003 film)|Smile]]'' (2003)<br /> * ''[[Durgi (film)|Durgi]]'' (2004)<br /> * ''[[Rakshasa (2005 film)|Rakshasa]]'' (2005)<br /> * ''[[Shubham (film)|Shubham]]'' (2006)<br /> * ''[[Aa Dinagalu]]'' (2007) as Seetharam Shetty<br /> * ''[[Inthi Ninna Preethiya]]'' (2008)<br /> * ''[[Ambari (film)|Ambari]]'' (2009) as Saro's father<br /> * ''[[Savari (2009 film)|Savari]]'' (2009)<br /> * ''[[Prarthane]]'' (2012)<br /> * ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]'' (2014) as Shankar Poojary<br /> * ''[[Rana Vikrama]]'' (2015) as Kulakarni<br /> * ''[[Ricky (2016 film)|Ricky]]'' (2016) as Radhakrishna's Uncle<br /> * ''[[Kirik Party]]'' (2016) as Karna's Father<br /> * ''[[KGF: Chapter 1]]'' (2018) as Shetty<br /> * ''[[Alidu Ulidavaru]]'' (2019)<br /> * ''[[Bell Bottom (2019 film)|Bell Bottom]]'' (2019) as Chamanlal Seth<br /> * ''[[Shivarjuna]]'' (2020) as MLA<br /> * ''[[Arjun Gowda]]'' (2021)<br /> * ''[[Harikathe Alla Girikathe]]'' (2022) as Jokumaraswamy<br /> * ''[[777 Charlie]]'' (2022) as SI Ranjan Shetty<br /> * ''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]'' (2022) as Shetty<br /> * ''[[Ramabanam]]'' (2023) as Guptha<br /> * ''[[Bhuvanam Gaganam]]'' (2025)<br /> * ''[[Shesha 2016]]'' (2026)<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|5741813}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mangaluru, Dinesh}}<br /> [[Category:1970s births]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]<br /> [[Category:2025 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian actors]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actors]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada actors]]<br /> <br /> {{India-film-actor-1970s-stub}}</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1967_Mysore_State_Legislative_Assembly_election&diff=481854 2026-04-03T13:05:37Z

<p>Sameer481: made basic entry from scratch!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Local election in Mysore, India to elect politicians}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date = March 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox election<br /> | election_name = 1967 Mysore Legislative Assembly election<br /> | popular_vote1 = 3,636,374<br /> | vote_type = Popular &lt;!-- default --&gt;<br /> | ongoing = no<br /> | previous_election = 1962 Mysore Legislative Assembly election<br /> | previous_year = 1962<br /> | election_date = 1967<br /> | elected_members = <br /> | next_election = 1972 Mysore Legislative Assembly election<br /> | next_year = 1972<br /> | majority_seats = 109<br /> | registered = <br /> | seats_for_election = All 216 seats in the [[Mysore Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | turnout = <br /> | image1 = Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa stamp (cropped).jpg<br /> | leader1 = <br /> | party1 = Indian National Congress<br /> | leader_since1 = <br /> | leaders_seat1 = <br /> | last_election1 = 138<br /> | seats1 = 126<br /> | seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 12<br /> | type = parliamentary<br /> | country = India<br /> | swing2 = {{decrease}} 1.79%<br /> | map_image = <br /> | leader2 = <br /> | party2 = Praja Socialist Party<br /> | leader_since2 = <br /> | leaders_seat2 = <br /> | last_election2 = 20<br /> | seats2 = 20<br /> | seat_change2 = {{steady}}<br /> | popular_vote2 = 666,662<br /> | percentage2 = 8.88%<br /> | swing1 = {{decrease}} 5.20%<br /> | percentage1 = 48.43%<br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map = <br /> | map_caption = &lt;!-- bottom --&gt;<br /> | title = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Mysore]]<br /> | before_election = [[S. Nijalingappa]]<br /> | before_party = Indian National Congress<br /> | posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Mysore]]<br /> | after_election = [[S. Nijalingappa]]<br /> | image2 = {{eppt|Praja Socialist Party|height=80|width=80}}<br /> | after_party = Indian National Congress<br /> }}The '''1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election''' was held in the [[India]]n state of [[Mysore State|Mysore]] (currently [[Karnataka]]) to elect 216 members to the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Mysore Legislative Assembly]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3774-karnataka-1967/|title=Karnataka 1967|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Election Commission of India]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515061752/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3774-karnataka-1967/ |archive-date=15 May 2019 |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Results ==<br /> {{election table|title=Summary of results of the Mysore Legislative Assembly election, 1967|sortable=yes}}<br /> !colspan=10|[[File:India Mysore Legislative Assembly 1967.svg]]<br /> |- align=center<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|&lt;!-- color --&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; align=center|Political Party&lt;br&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |Contestants&lt;br&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |Seats won&lt;br&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |Seat change&lt;br&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |Number of votes&lt;br&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |Vote share&lt;br&gt;<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#E9E9E9&quot; |Net change&lt;br&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;background: #90EE90;&quot;<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Indian National Congress]]||216||126||{{decrease}} 12||3,636,374||48.43%||{{decrease}} 1.79<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Praja Socialist Party]]||52||20||{{steady}} 0 ||666,662||8.88%||{{decrease}} 5.20<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Swatantra Party]]||45||16||{{increase}} 7||497,055 ||6.62%||{{decrease}} 0.53<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Samyukta Socialist Party}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]||17||6||||185,222||2.47%||<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]||37||4||||211,966||2.82%||<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India]]||10||1||||82,531||1.10%||''N/A''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Republican Party of India]]||12||1||||57,739||0.77%||''N/A''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Communist Party of India]]||6||1||||38,737||0.52%||''N/A''<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||||41||{{increase}} 14||2,129,786||28.36%||''N/A''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|'''Total'''||||'''216'''||||||||<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Results by constituency ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+ Results by constituency |<br /> * Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Assembly Constituency<br /> !Turnout <br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Runner Up<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; data-sort-type=number |Margin<br /> |-<br /> ! #k<br /> ! Names<br /> !%<br /> ! Candidate<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> ! data-sort-type=number | Votes<br /> !%<br /> ! Candidate<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> ! data-sort-type=number | Votes<br /> !%<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> |1||[[Aurad Assembly constituency|Aurad]]||70.37%||M. R. S. Rao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,965||57.36%||P. G. R. Patil||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||19,299||42.64%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,666'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2||[[Bhalki Assembly constituency|Bhalki]]||63.21%||B. Shivalingappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,210||65.73%||B. R. L. Rao||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||12,099||34.27%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''11,111'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |3||[[Hulsoor Assembly constituency|Hulsoor]]||45.42%||P. R. Dhondibha||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,220||53.44%||B. D. Tipkurle||{{party name with color|Republican Party of India}}||10,785||43.60%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,435'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |4||[[Bidar Assembly constituency|Bidar]]||64.99%||C. Gurupadappa||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||21,514||57.53%||M. A. Khan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,880||42.47%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,634'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |5||[[Humnabad Assembly constituency|Humnabad]]||60.07%||V. N. Patil Neelappa||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India}}||16,019||45.93%||G. M. Kheny||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,488||41.54%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Communist Party of India}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,531'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |6||[[Basavakalyan Assembly constituency|Basavakalyan]]||65.32%||S. Sanganbasappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,115||44.61%||Bapurao Anand Rao||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,233||28.33%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''5,882'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |7||[[Chincholi Assembly constituency|Chincholi]]||59.63%||V. P. Basappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,030||87.98%||R. R. J. Rao||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||3,617||10.26%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''27,413'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |8||[[Kamalapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Kamalapur]]||55.33%||L. Chandrashekhar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,682||46.35%||S. Shankershetty||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||8,801||32.17%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,881'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |9||[[Aland Assembly constituency|Aland]]||61.29%||D. R. B. Rao||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||15,916||50.60%||A. R. B. Rao||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,536||49.40%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''380'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |10||[[Gulbarga Assembly constituency|Gulbarga]]||51.87%||Mohammed Ali Mehtab Ali||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,694||53.96%||Gangadhar Basappa Namoshi||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||13,075||39.87%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,619'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |11||[[Afzalpur Assembly constituency|Afzalpur]]||49.82%||N. S. Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,761||72.17%||G. A. R. Basappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,620||27.83%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''12,141'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |12||[[Kalgi Assembly constituency|Kalgi]]||37.28%||K. R. Mallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,533||76.46%||A. Rao||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||4,223||19.53%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''12,310'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |13||[[Chittapur Assembly constituency|Chittapur]]||51.41%||R. Nagappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,088||59.76%||P. Ramreddy||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||8,867||31.01%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,221'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |14||[[Sedam Assembly constituency|Sedam]]||54.44%||Jamadanda Papiah Sarvesh||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||13,173||50.35%||G. Tippanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,943||45.65%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,230'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |15||[[Jevargi Assembly constituency|Jevargi]]||52.83%||S. Siddramgouda||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||16,340||54.73%||N. Sharnappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,881||36.45%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,459'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |16||[[Gurmitkal Assembly constituency|Gurmitkal]]||41.42%||N. Yenkappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,127||51.70%||S. Bhimappa||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||13,200||48.30%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''927'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |17||[[Yadgir Assembly constituency|Yadgir]]||67.78%||V. R. Rachangouda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||23,318||55.04%||K. R. Nadgouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,050||44.96%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''4,268'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |18||[[Shahapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Shahapur]]||58.79%||R. V. N. R. K. Naik||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||17,864||50.71%||B. Rayappagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,364||49.29%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''500'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |19||[[Shorapur Assembly constituency|Shorapur]]||42.97%||Raja Pidnaik Raja Krishtappa Naik||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,117||81.70%||A. Wahed||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||4,505||18.30%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''15,612'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |20||[[Devadurga Assembly constituency|Devadurga]]||52.68%||S. P. B. Patil||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||19,074||63.73%||Sharanappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,857||36.27%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,217'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |21||[[Raichur Assembly constituency|Raichur]]||37.84%||M. N. Basappa||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||14,637||63.24%||M. G. Mohiuddin||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||5,463||23.60%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Sanghata Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''9,174'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |22||[[Kalmala Assembly constituency|Kalmala]]||20.02%||N. Seshappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||6,001||61.28%||B. Kristappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||2,690||27.47%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,311'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |23||[[Manvi Assembly constituency|Manvi]]||45.49%||B. Sharanabasawaraj||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,032||60.63%||C. B. Bettadur||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,760||39.37%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,272'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |24||[[Lingsugur Assembly constituency|Lingsugur]]||52.01%||K. S. Paranagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,024||67.66%||R. K. N. V. Naik||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||9,573||32.34%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,451'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |25||[[Sindhanur Assembly constituency|Sindhanur]]||70.21%||A. Channanagowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||23,389||64.39%||B. R. Basangouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,936||35.61%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''10,453'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |26||[[Kushtagi Assembly constituency|Kushtagi]]||56.74%||P. Eshwarappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,485||51.98%||V. Rajappayya||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,150||48.02%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,335'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |27||[[Yelburga Assembly constituency|Yelburga]]||62.29%||C. Gouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,256||61.92%||Veerabhadrappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||14,126||36.06%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,130'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |28||[[Gangawati Assembly constituency|Gangawati]]||55.22%||T. D. Raya||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,014||60.75%||H. R. Rao||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||14,221||39.25%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,793'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |29||[[Koppal Assembly constituency|Koppal]]||60.14%||Virupaxgouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,770||51.05%||Shankragoudaru||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||17,998||48.95%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''772'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |30||[[Siruguppa Assembly constituency|Siruguppa]]||73.69%||M. D. Gowd||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,563||54.96%||B. E. Ramaiah||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||18,489||45.04%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,074'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |31||[[Kurugodu Assembly constituency|Kurugodu]]||72.91%||A. Karibasappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,892||63.27%||C. M. Revanasiddaiah||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||14,453||36.73%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,439'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |32||[[Bellary Assembly constituency|Bellary]]||65.99%||V. Nagappa||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||27,052||62.59%||T. G. Sathyanarayan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,963||27.68%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''15,089'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |33||[[Hospet Assembly constituency|Hospet]]||54.08%||R. Nagana Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,718||58.06%||P. Naglingaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||12,736||37.50%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,982'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Sandur Assembly constituency|Sandur]] || - || [[M. Y. Ghorpade]]|| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;8&quot; | {{center|&lt;b&gt;''Elected unopposed''&lt;/b&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> |35||[[Kudligi Assembly constituency|Kudligi]]||70.77%||M. M. J. Sadyojatha||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,488||57.83%||T. S. Goud||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,840||39.77%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,648'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |36||[[Hadagali Assembly constituency|Hadagali]]||72.73%||N. M. K. Sogi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,462||60.99%||Andaneppa. C||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||17,563||39.01%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''9,899'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |37||[[Harapanahalli Assembly constituency|Harapanahalli]]||56.66%||Y. Nayak||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,201||60.14%||V. Shivanna||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||14,716||39.86%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,485'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |38||[[Harihar Assembly constituency|Harihar]]||78.65%||[[H. Siddhaveerappa]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||22,601||50.56%||G. Veerappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,097||49.44%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''504'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |39||[[Davanagere Assembly constituency|Davanagere]]||67.27%||[[Kondajji Basappa]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,809||42.65%||C. Keshava Murthy||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||14,351||34.37%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,458'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |40||[[Bharamasagara Assembly constituency|Bharamasagara]]||61.43%||G. Duggappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||18,617||54.98%||M. N. K. Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,247||45.02%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''3,370'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |41||[[Chitradurga Assembly constituency|Chitradurga]]||71.89%||H. C. Boraiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,906||57.05%||V. T. R. Reddy||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||16,970||40.50%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,936'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |42||[[Jagalur Assembly constituency|Jagalur]]||74.80%||J. R. Halsaswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,787||58.80%||T. Thoriyappa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||19,468||41.20%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,319'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |43||[[Molakalmuru Assembly constituency|Molakalmuru]]||66.48%||S. H. Basanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,801||53.54%||K. B. Obaiah||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||17,388||44.76%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,413'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |44||[[Challakere Assembly constituency|Challakere]]||76.28%||B. L. Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,194||50.84%||G. V. Anjanappa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||18,609||42.63%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,585'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |45||[[Hiriyur Assembly constituency|Hiriyur]]||54.08%||[[D. Manjunath]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,034||51.67%||Yellabovi||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||14,882||45.14%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,152'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |46||[[Holalkere Assembly constituency|Holalkere]]||71.84%||B. Parameswarappa||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||18,261||44.46%||G. Sivappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,701||26.05%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,560'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |47||[[Hosadurga Assembly constituency|Hosadurga]]||66.81%||M. Ramappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,157||55.48%||M. V. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||17,781||44.52%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,376'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |48||[[Pavagada Assembly constituency|Pavagada]]||58.34%||P. Anjanappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,321||53.48%||Ramappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15,889||43.98%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,432'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |49||[[Sira Assembly constituency|Sira]]||67.04%||B. N. Ramegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,356||44.65%||B. Puttakamaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,242||19.77%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''9,114'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |50||[[Kallambella Assembly constituency|Kallambella]]||61.32%||B. Ganganna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,176||49.69%||G. Marulappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||8,095||24.87%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,081'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |51||[[Gubbi Assembly constituency|Gubbi]]||62.34%||Chikkegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,962||35.30%||B. G. Bhagavan||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||11,311||33.37%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''651'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |52||[[Chikkanayakanahalli Assembly constituency|Chikkanayakanahalli]]||70.04%||M. S. Neelakantaswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,056||46.29%||C. K. Rajaiasetty||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||17,220||41.83%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,836'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |53||[[Tiptur Assembly constituency|Tiptur]]||69.45%||M. S. Neelakantaswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,056||52.18%||V. L. Sivappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,699||32.04%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,357'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |54||[[Turuvekere Assembly constituency|Turuvekere]]||71.99%||M. N. Ramanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,022||46.31%||B. Byrappaji||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||17,065||43.85%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''957'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |55||[[Kunigal Assembly constituency|Kunigal]]||66.81%||G. Thammanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,930||54.25%||Andanaiah||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||11,238||36.01%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,692'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |56||[[Huliyurdurga Assembly constituency|Huliyurdurga]]||68.65%||N. Huchamasti Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15,126||45.08%||D. T. Mayanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,050||44.85%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''76'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |57||[[Gulur Assembly constituency|Gulur]]||48.85%||G. Bovi||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||11,903||46.15%||S. Chikkasiddaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,531||29.20%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,372'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |58||[[Tumkur Assembly constituency|Tumkur]]||47.42%||B. P. Gangadhar||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||10,509||45.09%||G. C. Bhageerathamma||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,936||34.05%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,573'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |59||[[Koratagere Assembly constituency|Koratagere]]||51.81%||T. S. Sivanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,938||50.95%||V. A. Reddy||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,938||25.38%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,000'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |60||[[Madhugiri Assembly constituency|Madhugiri]]||51.81%||G. T. G. Reddy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,183||54.93%||T. H. Hanumantharayappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,083||22.64%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,100'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |61||[[Gauribidanur Assembly constituency|Gowribidanur]]||56.01%||R. N. Lakshmipathi||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||23,598||80.47%||K. H. V. Reddi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,959||71.47%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''2,639'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |62||[[Chikballapur Assembly constituency|Chikballapur]]||63.72%||K. M. Puttaswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,302||42.87%||K. Venkatakrishnappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||12,984||34.14%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,318'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |63||[[Sidlaghatta Assembly constituency|Sidlaghatta]]||72.26%||B. Venkatarayappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,908||54.32%||G. Papanna||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||18,422||45.68%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,486'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |64||[[Bagepalli Assembly constituency|Bagepalli]]||49.06%||A. Muniyappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,517||51.62%||N. Adinarayana||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||9,408||29.40%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,109'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |65||[[Chintamani Assembly constituency|Chintamani]]||77.77%||T. K. Gangi Reddy||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||29,975||60.34%||M. C. Anjaneya Reddy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,705||39.66%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''10,270'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |66||[[Srinivasapur Assembly constituency|Srinivasapur]]||59.33%||B. L. Narayanswamy||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||18,801||53.88%||S. B. Reddy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,094||46.12%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''2,707'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |67||[[Mulbagal Assembly constituency|Mulbagal]]||42.00%||T. Channaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,917||53.21%||P. Muniyappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,581||44.28%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,336'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |68||[[Kolar Gold Field Assembly constituency|Kolar Gold Field]]||72.51%||S. R. Gopal||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,024||56.75%||C. M. Armugam||{{party name with color|Republican Party of India}}||15,261||43.25%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,763'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |69||[[Bethamangala Assembly constituency|Bethamangala]]||61.34%||E. N. Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,059||60.39%||B. M. S. Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,843||39.61%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,216'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |70||[[Kolar Assembly constituency|Kolar]]||58.15%||P. Venkatagiriappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,216||44.56%||D. A. Rashid||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,042||30.49%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''4,174'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |71||[[Vemagal Assembly constituency|Vemagal]]||64.23%||G. N. Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,014||53.76%||[[C. Byre Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||12,410||39.21%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,604'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |72||[[Malur Assembly constituency|Malur]]||69.00%||H. C. L. Reddy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,284||71.25%||M. R. Ramanna||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||8,340||22.61%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''17,944'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |73||[[Malleshwaram Assembly constituency|Malleshwaram]]||51.65%||[[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]]||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||12,977||30.26%||T. K. T. Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,641||27.14%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,336'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |74||[[Gandhi Nagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Gandhi nagar]]||51.90%||Nagarathnamma Hiremath||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,638||34.72%||S. V. Pathi||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,238||27.56%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,400'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |75||[[Chickpet Assembly constituency|Chickpet]]||61.01%||Perikal. M. Mallappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,884||39.98%||K. M. Naganna||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||8,835||25.44%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''5,049'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |76||[[Chamrajpet Assembly constituency|Chamrajpet]]||51.39%||R. Dayananda Sagar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,241||36.84%||B. K. Krishniah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,590||27.39%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,651'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |77||[[Fort Assembly constituency|Fort]]||52.96%||[[T. R. Shamanna]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||18,116||53.03%||P. N. S. Murthy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,327||21.45%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''10,789'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |78||[[Basavanagudi Assembly constituency|Basavanagudi]]||45.79%||P. Thimmaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,495||35.40%||[[M. Krishnappa (politician, born 1918)|M. Krishnappa]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,653||32.56%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''842'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |79||[[Shivajinagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Shivajinagar]]||50.36%||H. R. A. Gaffar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,148||33.45%||V. Ahmed||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||5,646||18.61%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,502'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |80||[[Bharathinagar Assembly constituency|Bharathinagar]]||52.11%||M. A. Amalorpavam||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,808||33.15%||D. Poosalingam||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,560||32.39%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''248'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |81||[[Shanti Nagar Assembly constituency|Shanti nagar]]||52.86%||A. Nanjappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,345||32.88%||B. Nanjappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,898||31.58%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''447'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |82||[[Yelahanka Assembly constituency|Yelahanka]]||63.59%||B. Narayanaswamappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,307||49.82%||K. V. B. Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,046||45.97%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''1,261'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |83||[[Uttarahalli Assembly constituency|Uttarahalli]]||34.77%||[[Y. Ramakrishna]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,886||67.31%||C. V. Shamabhovi||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||1,550||8.78%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,336'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |84||[[Varthur Assembly constituency|Varthur]]||49.74%||K. Prabhakar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,061||37.01%||D. Munichinnappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,282||26.79%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,779'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |85||[[Kanakapura Assembly constituency|Kanakapura]]||76.07%||K. G. Thimme Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,115||54.88%||S. Kariyappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,539||45.12%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,576'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |86||[[Sathanur Assembly constituency|Sathanur]]||63.93%||H. Puttadasa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,199||44.18%||S. Honnaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,700||42.51%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''499'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |87||[[Channapatna Assembly constituency|Channapatna]]||76.73%||T. V. Krishnappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||24,875||50.90%||B. J. Linge Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,991||47.05%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''1,884'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |88||[[Ramanagara Assembly constituency|Ramanagara]]||55.57%||B. R. Dhananjiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||22,893||65.31%||T. V. Ramanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,151||28.96%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''12,742'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |89||[[Magadi Assembly constituency|Magadi]]||64.54%||C. R. R. Gowda||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||16,738||53.64%||H. G. Channappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,562||33.85%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,176'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |90||[[Kudur Assembly constituency|Kudur]]||59.92%||S. Siddappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||8,892||31.37%||Thimmappa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||8,272||29.19%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''620'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |91||[[Nelamangala Assembly constituency|Nelamangala]]||62.62%||A. Hanumanthappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,508||56.21%||H. Maregowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,911||31.82%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,597'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |92||[[Doddaballapur Assembly constituency|Doddaballapur]]||76.81%||G. Rame Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||23,376||49.46%||A. Neelakantaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,822||46.17%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''1,554'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |93||[[Devanahalli Assembly constituency|Devanahalli]]||64.02%||D. S. Gowdh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,439||48.91%||B. Venkatarayappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||18,845||47.41%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''594'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |94||[[Hosakote Assembly constituency|Hosakote]]||78.06%||N. Chikke Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,530||66.63%||B. Chanabyre Gowda||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||13,337||29.11%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''17,193'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |95||[[Anekal Assembly constituency|Anekal]]||39.05%||R. Muniswamiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,651||56.71%||B. Munivenkatappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,529||29.27%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,122'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |96||[[Nagamangala Assembly constituency|Nagamangala]]||70.81%||K. S. Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,428||57.59%||T. N. Madappa Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,219||38.24%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,209'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |97||[[Maddur Assembly constituency|Maddur]]||83.60%||M. M. Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,148||52.16%||[[S. M. Krishna]]||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||22,714||43.64%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,434'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |98||[[Kirugavalu Assembly constituency|Kirugavalu]]||75.95%||[[G. Made Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,377||69.46%||H. K. V. Gowdh||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||12,039||30.54%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''15,338'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |99||[[Malavalli Assembly constituency|Malavalli]]||57.51%||M. Malikarjnna Swamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,077||65.62%||M. Mahadevaswamy||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||7,316||22.78%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''13,761'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |100||[[Mandya Assembly constituency|Mandya]]||73.24%||Nagappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,462||53.54%||K. Chikkalingiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||22,099||46.46%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,363'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |101||[[Shrirangapattana Assembly constituency|Shrirangapattana]]||66.00%||B. Doddaboregowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,883||33.32%||A. C. Srikantaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,794||33.11%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''89'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |102||[[Pandavapura Assembly constituency|Pandavapura]]||65.82%||N. A. Channegowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||19,460||52.18%||D. Halagegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,599||41.83%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''3,861'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |103||[[Krishnarajpete Assembly constituency|Krishnarajpete]]||72.11%||M. K. Bomme Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||28,512||70.69%||S. M. Lingappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,048||27.39%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''17,464'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |104||[[Hanur Assembly constituency|Hanur]]||85.35%||[[H. Nagappa]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,939||52.07%||G. Venkategowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||21,113||47.93%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,826'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |105||[[Kollegal Assembly constituency|Kollegal]]||54.53%||B. Basavaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,893||51.02%||M. Siddamadaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||14,097||42.58%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,796'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |106||[[Bannur Assembly constituency|Bannur]]||75.37%||T. P. Boraiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||16,360||41.89%||S. Siddiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,950||30.60%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''4,410'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |107||[[T. Narasipur Assembly constituency|T. Narasipur]]||68.88%||[[M. Rajasekara Murthy]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,455||57.53%||K. K. Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,339||35.77%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,116'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |108||[[Krishnaraja Assembly constituency|Krishnaraja]]||46.63%||S. Channaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,041||33.30%||B. N. Swamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||6,940||25.56%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''2,101'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |109||[[Narasimharaja Assembly constituency|Narasimharaja]]||52.39%||[[Azeez Sait]]||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||13,166||44.89%||B. K. Puttaiah||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||10,123||34.51%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Sanghata Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,043'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |110||[[Chamundeshwari Assembly constituency|Chamundeshwari]]||50.25%||[[Kalastavadi Puttaswamy]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,721||58.12%||M. N. Thimmaiah||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||9,540||35.27%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,181'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |111||[[Nanjangud Assembly constituency|Nanjangud]]||62.37%||L. Srikantaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||12,787||41.67%||N. Rachaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||8,695||28.34%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''4,092'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |112||[[Biligere Assembly constituency|Biligere]]||62.57%||D. M. Siddaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,793||45.46%||N. S. Gurusiddappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,975||36.80%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,818'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |113||[[Santhemarahalli Assembly constituency|Santhemarahalli]]||69.06%||[[B. Rachaiah]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,082||73.31%||L. H. Siddaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||4,861||14.80%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''19,221'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |114||[[Chamarajanagar Assembly constituency|Chamarajanagar]]||74.28%||S. Puttaswamy||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||17,948||47.39%||M. C. Basappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,686||44.06%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''1,262'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |115||[[Gundlupet Assembly constituency|Gundlupet]]||67.64%||[[K. S. Nagarathnamma]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,778||76.69%||K. B. Jayadevappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,355||23.31%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''21,423'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |116||[[Heggadadevankote Assembly constituency|Heggadadevankote]]||60.94%||R. Peeranna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,689||67.97%||H. B. Chaluvaiah||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,732||22.12%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''13,957'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |117||[[Hunasuru Assembly constituency|Hunasuru]]||68.52%||[[D. Devaraj Urs]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,420||58.68%||Thimmappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15,583||39.04%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,837'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |118||[[Krishnarajanagara Assembly constituency|Krishnarajanagara]]||69.76%||[[M. Basavaraju]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,418||29.66%||S. H. R. Gowda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,983||19.88%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''3,435'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |119||[[Periyapatna Assembly constituency|Periyapatna]]||74.79%||H. M. Channabasappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||31,287||77.48%||K. P. Kariyappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,095||22.52%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''22,192'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |120||[[Virajpet Assembly constituency|Virajpet]]||60.64%||N. Lokayya Naik||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||14,444||52.39%||A. N. Belli||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,128||47.61%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,316'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |121||[[Madikeri Assembly constituency|Madikeri]]||67.23%||A. P. Appanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,977||39.88%||M. C. Nanayya||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,766||20.79%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,211'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |122||[[Somwarpet Assembly constituency|Somwarpet]]||72.59%||[[Gundugutti Manjanathaya]]||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||19,379||54.47%||C. K. Kalappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,201||45.53%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,178'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |123||[[Belur Assembly constituency|Belur]]||45.51%||S. H. Puttaranganath||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||13,478||63.68%||B. H. Lakshmanaiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||6,887||32.54%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,591'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |124||[[Arsikere Assembly constituency|Arsikere]]||69.22%||G. Channabasappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,847||55.90%||H. S. Siddappa||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||15,942||39.01%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,905'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |125||[[Gandasi Assembly constituency|Gandasi]]||57.14%||B. Nanjappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,971||43.10%||H. R. Keshava Murthy||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||11,505||38.23%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,466'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |126||[[Shravanabelagola Assembly constituency|Shravanabelagola]]||74.93%||S. Shivappa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||30,637||64.59%||[[H. C. Srikantaiah]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,798||35.41%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''13,839'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |127||[[Holenarasipur Assembly constituency|Holenarasipur]]||63.98%||[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||20,594||59.12%||H. D. Doddegowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,191||35.00%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''8,403'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |128||[[Arkalgud Assembly constituency|Arkalgud]]||68.91%||[[H. N. Nanje Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||22,876||64.50%||G. A. Thimmappa Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,589||35.50%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,287'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |129||[[Hassan Assembly constituency|Hassan]]||64.22%||H. B. Jwalaniah||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||18,212||49.35%||L. T. Karle||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,933||48.60%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''279'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |130||[[Sakleshpur Assembly constituency|Sakleshpur]]||76.98%||K. P. Chikkegowda||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||22,650||52.74%||B. G. Gurappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,293||47.26%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,357'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |131||[[Sullia Assembly constituency|Sullia]]||63.52%||A. Ramachandra||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||15,487||46.43%||K. B. Naika||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,247||45.71%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''240'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |132||[[Puttur Assembly constituency|Puttur]]||70.75%||[[B. Vittaldas Shetty]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,534||48.34%||R. Bhat||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||14,102||31.66%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,432'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |133||[[Belthangady Assembly constituency|Belthangady]]||66.84%||[[Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,476||46.56%||J. B. Pereira||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||7,213||21.70%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,263'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |134||[[Bantval Assembly constituency|Bantval]]||73.12%||K. L. Rai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,347||47.20%||A. Somayaji||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||10,993||25.50%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''9,354'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |135||[[Mangalore City Assembly constituency|Mangalore I]]||75.19%||M. S. Nayak||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,105||36.82%||A. R. Ahmed||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,099||22.18%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''6,006'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |136||[[Ullal Assembly constituency|Mangalore II]]||71.52%||[[B. M. Idinabba]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,365||50.44%||A. K. Shetmy||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||14,051||33.17%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,314'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |137||[[Surathkal Assembly constituency|Surathkal]]||75.91%||P. V. Aithala||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||25,090||61.68%||K. N. Alva||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,586||38.32%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''9,504'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |138||[[Kapu Assembly constituency|Kapu]]||74.43%||B. B. Shetty||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||20,956||57.17%||D. R. Heggade||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,771||37.57%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,185'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |139||[[Udupi Assembly constituency|Udupi]]||73.68%||[[S. K. Amin]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,737||33.35%||Upendra Nayak||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||10,611||30.15%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,126'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |140||[[Brahmavar Assembly constituency|Brahmavar]]||68.65%||[[Sowkoor Jayaprakash Shetty]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||22,551||62.89%||F. X. D. Pinto||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,909||27.63%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''12,642'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |141||[[Kundapura Assembly constituency|Kundapura]]||68.00%||Winnifged. E. Fernandes||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||18,881||51.76%||M. M. Hegde||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,360||44.85%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,521'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |142||[[Byndoor Assembly constituency|Byndoor]]||56.74%||S. R. Halsnad||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||18,700||47.99%||A. G. Kodgi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,791||37.96%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,909'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |143||[[Karkala Assembly constituency|Karkala]]||68.68%||B. R. Shetty||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||20,112||57.04%||N. Hegde||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,548||41.26%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,564'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |144||[[Moodabidri Assembly constituency|Moodabidri]]||69.05%||K. R. Shetty||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||13,940||43.42%||B. G. Das||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,126||37.77%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,814'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |145||[[Sringeri Assembly constituency|Sringeri]]||60.41%||K. N. Veerappa Gowda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,509||44.13%||H. V. S. Bhatta||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||11,062||39.02%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,447'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |146||[[Mudigere Assembly constituency|Mudigere]]||57.45%||K. H. Ranganath||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||12,213||51.71%||G. Puttuswamy||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,407||48.29%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''806'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |147||[[Chikmagalur Assembly constituency|Chikmagalur]]||48.25%||C. M. S. Sasthri||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||12,397||55.32%||B. L. Subbamma||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,011||44.68%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,386'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |148||[[Birur Assembly constituency|Birur]]||64.69%||M. Mallappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,866||47.38%||D. H. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,737||40.10%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''2,129'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |149||[[Kadur Assembly constituency|Kadur]]||65.70%||K. M. Thammaiah||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||18,663||59.27%||Y. M. Gangadharappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,823||40.73%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,840'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |150||[[Tarikere Assembly constituency|Tarikere]]||71.59%||H. Shivanna||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||22,107||60.88%||T. R. Parameshwaraiah||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,261||33.77%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''9,846'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |151||[[Channagiri Assembly constituency|Channagiri]]||70.15%||N. G. Halappa||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||27,077||62.68%||K. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,122||37.32%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Sanghata Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,955'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |152||[[Bhadravati Assembly constituency|Bhadravati]]||63.59%||Abdul Khuddus Anwar||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||15,862||39.95%||D. R. Gurushantappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,380||38.73%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''482'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |153||[[Honnali Assembly constituency|Honnali]]||69.00%||D. Parameswarappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,045||48.53%||H. B. Kadasiddappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||14,960||38.12%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,085'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |154||[[Shimoga Assembly constituency|Shimoga]]||59.43%||A. R. Badri Narayan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,695||47.54%||Y. R. Parameshwarappa||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||11,598||29.50%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,097'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |155||[[Tirthahalli Assembly constituency|Tirthahalli]]||74.70%||[[Shantaveri Gopala Gowda]]||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||21,963||57.46%||B. S. Viswanath||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,262||42.54%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Sanghata Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,701'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |156||[[Hosanagar Assembly constituency|Hosanagar]]||66.35%||I. Somasekharappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,535||46.41%||B. S. Rao||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||12,400||39.60%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,135'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |157||[[Sagar, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Sagar]]||65.55%||K. H. Sreenivasa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,860||47.88%||[[Kagodu Thimmappa]]||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||11,111||44.86%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''749'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |158||[[Soraba Assembly constituency|Soraba]]||76.98%||[[Sarekoppa Bangarappa]]||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||25,724||62.31%||M. P. Eswarappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,990||36.31%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Sanghata Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,734'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |159||[[Shikaripura Assembly constituency|Shikaripura]]||61.14%||G. Basavanappa||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||21,241||69.72%||Veerappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,227||30.28%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Sanghata Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''12,014'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |160||[[Sirsi Assembly constituency|Sirsi]]||61.55%||[[M. H. Jayaprakashanarayan]]||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||11,282||39.15%||R. S. Purushottam||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,516||36.49%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''766'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |161||[[Bhatkal Assembly constituency|Bhatkal]]||53.18%||J. M. Manjanath||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||16,655||55.97%||H. R. Suraya||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,224||31.00%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''7,431'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |162||[[Kumta Assembly constituency|Kumta]]||65.97%||H. R. Manjanath||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||25,049||70.75%||M. V. Vimalanand||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||8,957||25.30%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''16,092'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |163||[[Ankola Assembly constituency|Ankola]]||60.87%||N. D. Sarveshwar||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||14,352||46.39%||A. G. Venkatesh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||8,418||27.21%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,934'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |164||[[Karwar Assembly constituency|Karwar]]||66.95%||[[K. D. Purso]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||23,079||62.65%||G. S. Dattatraya||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,759||37.35%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''9,320'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |165||[[Haliyal Assembly constituency|Haliyal]]||65.34%||H. R. Mableshwar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,410||50.45%||P. V. R. Bheemaraya||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||8,664||25.10%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,746'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |166||[[Dharwad Rural Assembly constituency|Dharwad Rural]]||62.47%||A. S. Vishwanathaprasad||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,267||70.86%||S. V. Veerabasayyaswami||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||9,157||29.14%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''13,110'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |167||[[Dharwad Assembly constituency|Dharwad]]||61.69%||D. K. Mahaboobsab||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,325||53.98%||S. B. Y. Laxman||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||11,786||41.52%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,539'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |168||[[Hubli City Assembly constituency|Hubli City]]||63.22%||S. S. Shankarappa||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||14,898||43.60%||H. M. Mirasaheb||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,830||28.77%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''5,068'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |169||[[Hubli Rural Assembly constituency|Hubli Rural]]||61.23%||P. M. Ramangouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,540||64.27%||K. C. Shiddappa||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||8,713||24.84%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''13,827'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |170||[[Kalghatgi Assembly constituency|Kalghatgi]]||71.72%||P. P. Shivanagouda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||20,188||62.39%||P. A. Shiddanagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,170||37.61%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''8,018'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |171||[[Kundgol Assembly constituency|Kundgol]]||68.63%||B. S. Rayappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||20,291||63.21%||K. T. Kenchappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,371||29.19%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''10,920'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 172 || [[Shiggaon Assembly constituency|Shiggaon]] || - || [[S. Nijalingappa]]|| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;8&quot; | {{center|&lt;b&gt;''Elected unopposed''&lt;/b&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> |173||[[Hangal Assembly constituency|Hangal]]||68.87%||P. B. Rudragouda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||18,742||50.14%||S. S. Chanabasappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,781||44.89%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''1,961'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |174||[[Hirekerur Assembly constituency|Hirekerur]]||75.63%||G. S. R. Basalingappagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||30,368||66.75%||B. B. Gadlappa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||15,126||33.25%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''15,242'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |175||[[Ranibennur Assembly constituency|Ranibennur]]||71.59%||B. N. Lingappa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||25,550||61.71%||M. B. Uliweppa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,262||36.86%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,288'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |176||[[Byadgi Assembly constituency|Byadgi]]||73.60%||B. M. Gadigeppa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||23,055||61.41%||M. S. Mahadevappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,928||37.10%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Praja Socialist Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''9,127'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |177||[[Haveri Assembly constituency|Haveri]]||58.98%||Magavi Basavaraj Veerappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||20,494||59.37%||Valasangada Panchakshari Revappa||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||11,905||34.49%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,589'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |178||[[Shirahatti Assembly constituency|Shirahatti]]||78.33%||Kashimath Shiddaiah Veeraiah||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||23,646||51.06%||M. L. Venkatesh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,661||48.94%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''985'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |179||[[Mundargi Assembly constituency|Mundargi]]||74.35%||C. C. Mahantayya||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,220||59.90%||P. M. Martandagouda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||17,552||40.10%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,668'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |180||[[Gadag Assembly constituency|Gadag]]||81.46%||P. K. Hanamanta Gouda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||27,759||55.11%||M. V. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||22,609||44.89%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''5,150'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |181||[[Ron Assembly constituency|Ron]]||70.30%||[[Andanappa Doddameti]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,573||61.89%||P. M. Sanganagouda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,285||38.11%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,288'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |182||[[Nargund Assembly constituency|Nargund]]||41.80%||D. R. Veerappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,402||73.52%||M. M. Mudakappa||{{party name with color|Sanghata Socialist Party}}||4,714||24.06%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''9,688'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |183||[[Navalgund Assembly constituency|Navalgund]]||76.57%||P. R. Marigouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,973||74.64%||B. B. Mallaoppa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,791||22.39%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''18,182'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |184||[[Ramdurg Assembly constituency|Ramdurg]]||69.76%||P. S. Madevappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,386||66.51%||H. B. Basappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,768||29.66%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''14,618'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |185||[[Parasgad Assembly constituency|Parasgad]]||69.63%||K. H. Veerabhadrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,916||51.80%||P. S. Bindurao||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||20,396||48.20%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,520'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |186||[[Bailhongal Assembly constituency|Bailhongal]]||62.94%||B. B. Annappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||27,656||80.70%||C. S. Irasangappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,614||19.30%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''21,042'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |187||[[Kittur Assembly constituency|Kittur]]||62.78%||S. B. Mallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,281||86.93%||Y. B. Shantalingappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||4,357||12.11%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''26,924'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |188||[[Khanapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Khanapur]]||75.80%||S. N. Bhagvantrao||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||21,281||48.27%||T. K. Ningappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,490||32.87%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''6,791'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |189||[[Belagavi City Assembly constituency|Belagavi City]]||84.24%||Sayanak Balwant Bhimrao||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||27,818||52.64%||P. B. Bharmagauda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,224||45.84%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''3,594'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |190||[[Uchagaon Assembly constituency|Uchagaon]]||73.04%||N. P. Bharaman||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||28,066||72.69%||B. B. Peter||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,543||27.31%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''17,523'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |191||[[Hire Bagewadi Assembly constituency|Hire Bagewadi]]||51.75%||P. C. Lingappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,092||93.41%||K. M. Basawani||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15,005||53.72%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''11,087'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |192||[[Gokak Assembly constituency|Gokak]]||58.95%||[[L. S. Naik]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,522||56.02%||P. H. Karaning||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,144||22.84%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,378'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |193||[[Arabhavi Assembly constituency|Arabhavi]]||54.45%||A. R. Panchaganvi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,584||63.34%||A. Yemanapa Siddappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||5,708||19.46%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''12,876'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |194||[[Hukkeri Assembly constituency|Hukkeri]]||60.57%||Appanngouda Bagewadi||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,933||51.82%||M. S. S. Shivalingappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,345||43.40%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,588'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |195||[[Sankeshwar Assembly constituency|Sankeshwar]]||67.03%||S. D. Kothawale||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,828||60.08%||S. Y. Patil||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,063||18.37%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''13,765'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |196||[[Nippani Assembly constituency|Nippani]]||84.59%||Govind Krishna Manavi||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||29,041||61.67%||M. S. Yeshwantapa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,575||37.32%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''11,466'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |197||[[Sadalga Assembly constituency|Sadalga]]||76.86%||Shidagouda Shivagouda Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,518||60.19%||U. C. Balapa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||14,713||34.70%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''10,805'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |198||[[Chikkodi Assembly constituency|Chikkodi]]||53.73%||S. B. Sidray||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||21,455||78.54%||M. A. Devaray||{{party name with color|Republican Party of India}}||4,273||15.64%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''17,182'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |199||[[Raibag Assembly constituency|Raibag]]||63.78%||[[V. L. Patil|Vasanthrao Lakangouda Patil]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31,732||81.97%||N. B. Kamappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,981||18.03%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''24,751'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |200||[[Kagwad Assembly constituency|Kagwad]]||42.13%||B. C. Peeraji||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,544||79.68%||T. S. Pradhani||{{party name with color|Republican Party of India}}||3,451||14.83%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''15,093'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |201||[[Athani Assembly constituency|Athani]]||60.39%||Dhairyashil Bhojraj Pawar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,018||70.68%||Patil Anagouda Babagouda||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,908||21.48%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''18,110'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |202||[[Jamkhandi Assembly constituency|Jamkhandi]]||76.66%||[[B. D. Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||24,578||53.62%||M. M. Shivappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||21,261||46.38%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,317'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |203||[[Bilgi Assembly constituency|Bilgi]]||61.71%||Rachappa Mallappa Desai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||26,016||72.44%||T. B. Venkappa||{{party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}||7,844||21.84%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''18,172'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |204||[[Mudhol Assembly constituency|Mudhol]]||70.27%||N. K. Pandappa||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||20,186||51.85%||N. N. Kallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||17,922||46.03%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''2,264'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |205||[[Bagalkot Assembly constituency|Bagalkot]]||58.27%||Muranal Basappa Tammanna||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,903||58.06%||M. T. Karabasappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,537||33.65%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,366'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |206||[[Badami Assembly constituency|Badami]]||73.58%||P. K. Mahagundappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||25,849||63.44%||P. V. Hanamantagouda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||14,897||36.56%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;'''10,952'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |207||[[Guledgud Assembly constituency|Guledgud]]||63.30%||P. M. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,778||52.60%||Kasat Shrin Iwas Ramajiwan||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}||15,119||47.40%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''1,659'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |208||[[Hungund Assembly constituency|Hungund]]||62.47%||Karadi S. Rudrappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||23,364||69.25%||N. G. Parayya||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,732||28.84%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''13,632'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |209||[[Muddebihal Assembly constituency|Muddebihal]]||60.49%||G. S. Mallappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||19,452||55.90%||M. S. Channappa||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||14,740||42.36%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,712'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |210||[[Huvina Hippargi Assembly constituency|Huvina Hippargi]]||54.37%||P. G. Ninganagounda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||15,189||68.30%||H. K. Martandappa||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||7,050||31.70%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''8,139'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |211||[[Basavana Bagevadi Assembly constituency|Basavana Bagevadi]]||51.75%||Somanagouda Basanagouda Patil||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||25,173||90.12%||G. B. Irayya||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||2,759||9.88%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''22,414'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |212||[[Tikota Assembly constituency|Tikota]]||42.86%||V. S. Basalingayya||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,329||69.56%||N. K. Upadhayaya||{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}||3,353||14.28%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''12,976'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |213||[[Bijapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Bijapur]]||53.98%||P. B. Mallanagauda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||18,818||67.82%||N. D. S. B. Karabasappa||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||5,396||19.45%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''13,422'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |214||[[Ballolli Assembly constituency|Ballolli]]||49.30%||Arakeri Siddharth Sangappa||{{party name with color|Republican Party of India}}||14,653||57.71%||K. J. Laxman||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||10,738||42.29%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Republican Party of India}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,915'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |215||[[Indi Assembly constituency|Indi]]||62.45%||S. Mallappa Karbasappa||{{party name with color|Swatantra Party}}||15,769||48.58%||K. R. Ramagondappa||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,703||36.05%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Swatantra Party}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''4,066'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |216||[[Sindagi Assembly constituency|Sindagi]]||52.94%||Channappa Madiwalappa Desai||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||16,668||55.62%||S. Y. Patil||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||13,298||44.38%||style=&quot;background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;'''3,370'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Karnataka elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1967 State Assembly elections in India|Mysore]]<br /> [[Category:State Assembly elections in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Government of Mysore]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phansidewa_Assembly_constituency&diff=460159 2026-03-29T18:13:47Z

<p>Sameer481: small refine formatting to improve readability and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly, in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Phansidewa<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Phansidewa.map}}<br /> | map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Phansidewa Assembly Constituency<br /> | map_alt = <br /> | state = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | district = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency|Darjeeling]]<br /> | constituency_no = 27<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | reservation = ST<br /> | abolished = <br /> | mla = [[Durga Murmu]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | electors = 240,496<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Phansidewa Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for members of the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart|value1=46.66|value2=46.66|value3=6.68|label1=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (7 Times)]]|label2=[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (7 Times)]]|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party(1 Time)]]|color1={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|caption=Most Successful parties from Phansidewa (ST) Assembly }}<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 27 Phansidewa Assembly constituency (ST) covers [[Phansidewa (Community development block)|Phansidewa]] and [[Kharibari (Community development block)|Kharibari]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]].&lt;ref name =delimitation&gt;{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 30 June 2014 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Phansidewa Assembly constituency is part of No. 4 [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)]].&lt;ref name =delimitation/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election&lt;br/&gt; Year<br /> !MLA<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tenzing Wangdi<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |<br /> <br /> [[Indian National Congress|Indian]]<br /> [[Indian National Congress|National]]<br /> [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]] || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Iswar Chandra Tirkey<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Patras Minz<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}&quot;|<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist]] <br /> [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Party of India]]<br /> <br /> [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|(Marxist)]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]|| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Prokash Minz<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]] <br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]] <br /> |-<br /> |[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]||[[Choton Kisku]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Sunil Chandra Tirkey]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> [[Indian National Congress|Indian]]<br /> [[Indian National Congress|National]] <br /> [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]||[[Durga Murmu]]<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot;|<br /> | <br /> [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya]] <br /> [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Janata]] <br /> [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Party]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> {| style=&quot;width:70%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |+ <br /> |- style=&quot;color:white;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;background:red; width:37.5%;&quot; | '''7 Times'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:DeepSkyBlue; width:37.5%;&quot; | '''7 Times'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange; width:25%;&quot; | '''1 Time'''<br /> |-<br /> | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;'''CPI(M)'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> | &lt;span style=&quot;color:DeepSkyBlue;&quot;&gt;'''INC'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> | &lt;span style=&quot;color:orange;&quot;&gt;'''BJP'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Legislative Assembly Election Results==<br /> ===2026===<br /> {{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Reena Toppo Ekka<br /> |party = Trinamool Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:}}<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[Durga Murmu]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:}}<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Smt. Nabanita Tirkey<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |votes = {{formatnum:}}<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Sumanti Ekka<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:}}<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |party = None of the above (India)<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:}}<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:}}<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:}}<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = <br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> In the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''[[Durga Murmu]]''' of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''BJP''']] defeated his nearest rival [[Choton Kisku]] of [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Durga Murmu]]<br /> |votes = 1,05,651<br /> |percentage = 50.89<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Choton Kisku]]<br /> |votes = 77,940<br /> |percentage = 37.55<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Sunil Chandra Tirkey]]<br /> |votes = 12,815<br /> |percentage = 6.17<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)<br /> |candidate = Sumanti Ekka<br /> |votes = 2,787<br /> |percentage = 1.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Karuna Ranjan Soren<br /> |votes = 2,291<br /> |percentage = 1.10<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Bhola Tirki<br /> |votes = 1,832<br /> |percentage = 0.88<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Tribal Party<br /> |candidate = Amit Lakra<br /> |votes = 1,699<br /> |percentage = 0.82<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the Above<br /> |candidate = None of the Above<br /> |votes = 2,575<br /> |percentage = 1.24<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 27,711<br /> |percentage = 13.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,07,590<br /> |percentage = 86.32<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> In the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''[[Sunil Chandra Tirkey]]''' of [[Indian National Congress|'''Congress''']] defeated his nearest rival Carolus Lakra of [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Sunil Chandra Tirkey]]<br /> |votes = 73,158<br /> |percentage = 40.35<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = Carolus Lakra<br /> |votes = 66,084<br /> |percentage = 36.45<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Durga Murmu]]<br /> |votes = 32,894<br /> |percentage = 18.14<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Jemshan Tirkey<br /> |votes = 2,072<br /> |percentage = 1.14<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)<br /> |candidate = Lalu Oraon<br /> |votes = 1,596<br /> |percentage = 0.88<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Mukti Party<br /> |candidate = Bikash Birju<br /> |votes = 1,474<br /> |percentage = 0.81<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Sushil Lakra<br /> |votes = 1,373<br /> |percentage = 0.75<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the Above<br /> |candidate = None of the Above<br /> |votes = 2,629<br /> |percentage = 1.45<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 7,074<br /> |percentage = 3.90<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,81,280<br /> |percentage = 87.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2011===<br /> In the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''[[Sunil Chandra Tirkey]]''' of [[Indian National Congress|'''Congress''']] defeated his nearest rival [[Choton Kisku]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Sunil Chandra Tirkey]]<br /> |votes = 61,388<br /> |percentage = 42.55<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = [[Choton Kisku]]<br /> |votes = 59,151<br /> |percentage = 41.00<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party = Rashtriya Deshaj Party<br /> |candidate = Junas Kerketta<br /> |votes = 7,536<br /> |percentage = 5.22<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Dila Saibo<br /> |votes = 5,734<br /> |percentage = 3.97<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate |<br /> |party = [[Kamtapur People's Party|KPP]]<br /> |candidate = Helarius Ekka<br /> |votes = 4,114<br /> |percentage = 2.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)<br /> |candidate = Kandra Murmu<br /> |votes = 2,138<br /> |percentage = 1.48<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Sudhir Tirki<br /> |votes = 1,896<br /> |percentage = 1.31<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = Ram Ganesh Baraik<br /> |votes = 1,286<br /> |percentage = 0.89<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Bhola Tirki<br /> |votes = 1,028<br /> |percentage = 0.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 2,237<br /> |percentage = 1.58<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,44,271<br /> |percentage = 87.49<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> In the [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''[[Choton Kisku]]''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] defeated his nearest rival Mamla Kujur of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = [[Choton Kisku]]<br /> |votes = 93,689<br /> |percentage = 50.22%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Mamla Kujur <br /> |votes = 58,185<br /> |percentage = 31.2%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Dila Saibo<br /> |votes = 14,788<br /> |percentage = 7.92%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ram Ganesh Baraik<br /> |votes = 8,337<br /> |percentage = 4.5%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Gorkha National Liberation Front<br /> |candidate = Ishwaridan Guria<br /> |votes = 4,556<br /> |percentage = 2.44%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)<br /> |candidate = Rengta Murmu<br /> |votes = 2,365<br /> |percentage = 1.3%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Sudhir Hansda<br /> |votes = 2,346<br /> |percentage = 1.25%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Mahendra Bhagat<br /> |votes = 2,273<br /> |percentage = 1.22%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 35,504<br /> |percentage = 19.02%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,86,539<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> In the [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Prokash Minz''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] defeated his nearest rival Mamla Kujur of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Prokash Minz<br /> |votes = 77,507<br /> |percentage = 47.45%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Mamla Kujur <br /> |votes = 48,870<br /> |percentage = 29.92%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Cornelius Tigga<br /> |votes = 17,915<br /> |percentage = 10.97%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ram Ganesh Baraik<br /> |votes = 6,977<br /> |percentage = 4.27%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Sukhdeo Bhagat<br /> |votes = 5,723<br /> |percentage = 3.5%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Gorkha National Liberation Front<br /> |candidate = Akul Munda<br /> |votes = 4,467<br /> |percentage = 2.73%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Mahendra Bhagat<br /> |votes = 1,870<br /> |percentage = 1.14%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 28,637<br /> |percentage = 17.53%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,63,329<br /> |percentage = 71.86%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> In the [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Prokash Minz''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] defeated his nearest rival Chhabilal Minj of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Prokash Minz <br /> |votes = 85,845<br /> |percentage = 50.79%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Chhabilal Minj<br /> |votes = 67,439<br /> |percentage = 39.9%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Ratan Kumar Hansda<br /> |votes = 9,559<br /> |percentage = 5.66%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ram Ganesh Baraik<br /> |votes = 3,936<br /> |percentage = 2.33%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Radha Munda<br /> |votes = 1,379<br /> |percentage = 0.82%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)<br /> |candidate = Rengta Murmu<br /> |votes = 592<br /> |percentage = 0.35%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Ekka Samarendra (Pintu)<br /> |votes = 279<br /> |percentage = 0.17%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 18,406<br /> |percentage = 10.89%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,69,029<br /> |percentage = 82.79%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> In the [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Prokash Minz''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] defeated his nearest rival Iswar Chandra Tirkey of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Prokash Minz <br /> |votes = 62,076<br /> |percentage = 47.01%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Iswar Chandra Tirkey<br /> |votes = 52,574<br /> |percentage = 39.81%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Tereser Sorang Chacko<br /> |votes = 10,441<br /> |percentage = 7.91%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Bandhan Uraon<br /> |votes = 2,203<br /> |percentage = 1.67%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Shanti Sarker (Munda)<br /> |votes = 1,916<br /> |percentage = 1.45%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Babun Murmu<br /> |votes = 1,502<br /> |percentage = 1.14%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Bigu Uraon<br /> |votes = 1,096<br /> |percentage = 0.83%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Suklal Tudu<br /> |votes = 247<br /> |percentage = 0.19%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 9,502<br /> |percentage = 7.2%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,32,055<br /> |percentage = 72.4%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1987===<br /> In the [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Prokash Minz''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] defeated his nearest rival Iswar Chandra Tirkey of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Prokash Minz <br /> |votes = 53,685<br /> |percentage = 49.44%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Iswar Chandra Tirkey<br /> |votes = 47,344<br /> |percentage = 43.6%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Santi Sarkar (Munda)<br /> |votes = 3,254<br /> |percentage = 3%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Patras Minj<br /> |votes = 2,045<br /> |percentage = 1.88%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Pandoo Baraik<br /> |votes = 1,054<br /> |percentage = 0.97%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Bandhan Uraon<br /> |votes = 630<br /> |percentage = 0.58%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Oraon Maturam<br /> |votes = 569<br /> |percentage = 0.52%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 6,341<br /> |percentage = 5.84%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,08,581<br /> |percentage = 66.61%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1982===<br /> In the [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Patras Minz''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] defeated his nearest rival Iswar Chandra Tirkey of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Patras Minz <br /> |votes = 41,362<br /> |percentage = 45.76%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Iswar Chandra Tirkey<br /> |votes = 36,076<br /> |percentage = 39.92%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Teresa Sorang Chacko<br /> |votes = 5,120<br /> |percentage = 5.66%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Edwar Tirkey<br /> |votes = 3,973<br /> |percentage = 4.4%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Santi Munda<br /> |votes = 2,725<br /> |percentage = 3.03%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent <br /> |candidate = Dharmendra Nath Birja<br /> |votes = 1,114<br /> |percentage = 1.23%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 5,286<br /> |percentage = 5.84%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 90,370<br /> |percentage = 73.69%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> In the [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Patras Minz''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] defeated his nearest rival Teresa Sorang Chacko of [[Janata Party]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Patras Minz<br /> |votes = 20,819<br /> |percentage = 41.9%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Janata Party <br /> |candidate = Teresa Sorang Chacko<br /> |votes = 13,354<br /> |percentage = 26.87%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Iswar Chandra Tirkey<br /> |votes = 11,969<br /> |percentage = 24.09%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India<br /> |candidate = Besra Ramesh<br /> |votes = 3,550<br /> |percentage = 7.14%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 7,465<br /> |percentage = 15.03%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 49,692<br /> |percentage = 52.13%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1972===<br /> In the [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Iswar Chandra Tirkey''' of [[Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)|'''Congress(R)''']] defeated his nearest rival Patras Minz of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress (Requisitionists)<br /> |candidate = Iswar Chandra Tirkey<br /> |votes = 27,894<br /> |percentage = 62.26%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Patras Minz<br /> |votes = 16,912<br /> |percentage = 37.74%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 10,907<br /> |percentage = 24.52%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 44,806<br /> |percentage = 55.21%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> In the [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Iswar Chandra Tirkey''' of [[Indian National Congress|'''Congress''']] defeated his nearest rival Patras Minz [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] .<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Iswar Chandra Tirkey<br /> |votes = 19,259<br /> |percentage = 43.76%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Patras Minz<br /> |votes = 14,678<br /> |percentage = 33.35%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Forward Bloc<br /> |candidate = Gopal Hansda<br /> |votes = 3,415<br /> |percentage = 7.76%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bangla Congress<br /> |candidate = Oraon Marianus Tigga<br /> |votes = 2,169<br /> |percentage = 4.93%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)<br /> |candidate = Joseph Kunda<br /> |votes = 1,968<br /> |percentage = 4.47%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation)|NCO<br /> |candidate = Timba Oraon<br /> |votes = 1,799<br /> |percentage = 4.09%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Anjulush Murmu<br /> |votes = 725<br /> |percentage = 1.65%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 4,581<br /> |percentage = 10.41%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 44,013<br /> |percentage = 57.35%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1969===<br /> In the [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Iswar Chandra Tirkey''' of [[Indian National Congress|'''Congress''']] defeated his nearest rival Patras Minz of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Iswar Chandra Tirkey<br /> |votes = 20,974<br /> |percentage = 65.13%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Patras Minz<br /> |votes = 11,228<br /> |percentage = 34.86%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 9,746<br /> |percentage = 30.27%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 32,202<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> In the [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Tenzing Wangdi''' of [[Indian National Congress|'''Congress''']] defeated his nearest rival [[Jangal Santhal]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Tenzing Wangdi<br /> |votes = 16,227<br /> |percentage = 60.75%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = [[Jangal Santhal]] <br /> |votes = 10,484<br /> |percentage = 39.25%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 5,743<br /> |percentage = 21.5%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 26,711<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> In the [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], '''Tenzing Wangdi''' of [[Indian National Congress|'''Congress''']] defeated his nearest rival [[Jangal Santhal]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress <br /> |candidate = Tenzing Wangdi<br /> |votes = 10,389<br /> |percentage = 53.21%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India <br /> |candidate = [[Jangal Santhal]] <br /> |votes = 9,132<br /> |percentage = 46.78%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 1,257<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 19,521<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==Lok Sabha Election Results==<br /> === 2024 ===<br /> <br /> In the 2024 Indian general election, [[Raju Bista]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] was the leading candidate in Phansidewa Assembly constituency of [[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Raju Bista]]<br /> |votes = 1,06,491<br /> |percentage = 50.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = Gopal Lama<br /> |votes = 81,273<br /> |percentage = 38.81<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Munish Tamang<br /> |votes = 13,309<br /> |percentage = 6.36<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate |<br /> |party = KMSP<br /> |candidate = Atasi Biswas<br /> |votes = 961<br /> |percentage = 0.46<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate |<br /> |party = NBPP<br /> |candidate = Qamrul Haque<br /> |votes = 405<br /> |percentage = 0.19<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Ambedkarite Party of India<br /> |candidate = Pradhan Mardi<br /> |votes = 748<br /> |percentage = 0.36<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Kamtapur People's Party<br /> |candidate = Budharu Roy<br /> |votes = 515<br /> |percentage = 0.25<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Shahriar Alam<br /> |votes = 436<br /> |percentage = 0.21<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Gorkha Rashtriya Congress<br /> |candidate = Subodh Pakhrin<br /> |votes = 275<br /> |percentage = 0.13<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Kalicharan Barman<br /> |votes = 611<br /> |percentage = 0.29<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Khushi Ranjan Mandal<br /> |votes = 608<br /> |percentage = 0.29<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Bandana Rai<br /> |votes = 1,246<br /> |percentage = 0.60<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = [[Bishnu Prasad Sharma|Bishnu Prasad Sharma (alias B.P. Bajgain)]]<br /> |votes = 1,285<br /> |percentage = 0.61<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Bhupendra Lepcha<br /> |votes = 1,240<br /> |percentage = 0.59<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 25,218<br /> |percentage = 12.04<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,09,403<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2019 ===<br /> In the [[2019 Indian general election]], '''[[Raju Bista]]''' of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''BJP''']] was the leading candidate in Phansidewa Assembly constituency of [[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian General election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Raju Bista]]<br /> |votes = 1,07,115<br /> |percentage = 55.01%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Amar Singh Rai]]<br /> |votes = 53,854<br /> |percentage = 27.6%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Sankar Malakar<br /> |votes = 15,526<br /> |percentage = 8%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Saman Pathak<br /> |votes = 7933<br /> |percentage = 4.1%<br /> |change =<br /> <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 53,261<br /> |percentage = 27.41%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,84,428<br /> |percentage = 75%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2014===<br /> In the [[2014 Indian general election]], '''[[S. S. Ahluwalia]]''' of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''BJP''']] was the leading candidate in Phansidewa Assembly constituency of [[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2014 Indian general election]] : Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[S. S. Ahluwalia]]<br /> |votes = 49,137<br /> |percentage = 29.27%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]<br /> |votes = 44,226<br /> |percentage = 26.24%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Saman Pathak<br /> |votes = 38,048<br /> |percentage = 22.66%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Sujay Ghatak<br /> |votes = 24,906<br /> |percentage = 14.84%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = None of the Above<br /> |votes = 3,154<br /> |percentage = 1.88%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Mahendra P Lama <br /> |votes = 1,690<br /> |percentage = 1.01%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Arun Kumar Agarwal<br /> |votes = 1,243<br /> |percentage = 0.75%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Rabindra Roy Basunia<br /> |votes = 1,218<br /> |percentage = 0.73%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)<br /> |candidate = Goutam Bhattacharya<br /> |votes = 1,204<br /> |percentage = 0.72%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Kakuli Majumdar (Roy)<br /> |votes = 809<br /> |percentage = 0.49%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janasachetan Party <br /> |candidate = Sunil Pandit<br /> |votes = 804<br /> |percentage = 0.48%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Mukti Party <br /> |candidate = Lalit Singha <br /> |votes = 558<br /> |percentage = 0.34%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Gorkha Rashtriya Congress <br /> |candidate = Nima Lama<br /> |votes = 482<br /> |percentage = 0.29%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 4,911<br /> |percentage = 3.03%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,67,479<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2009===<br /> In the [[2009 Indian general election]], '''Jibesh Sarkar''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] was the leading candidate in Phansidewa Assembly constituency of [[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Jibesh Sarkar<br /> |votes = 51,667<br /> |percentage = 44.22%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Dawa Narbula]]<br /> |votes = 37,177<br /> |percentage = 31.82%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Jaswant Singh]]<br /> |votes = 19,831<br /> |percentage = 16.97%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Ram Ganesh Baraik<br /> |votes = 2851<br /> |percentage = 2.44%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Haridas Thakur<br /> |votes = 1,206<br /> |percentage = 1.04%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation<br /> |candidate = Abhijit Majumdar<br /> |votes = 1,160<br /> |percentage = 1%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Nitu Jai<br /> |votes = 1,064<br /> |percentage = 0.92%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent politician<br /> |candidate = Arun Kumar Agarwal<br /> |votes = 709<br /> |percentage = 0.61%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amra Bangalee<br /> |candidate = Niranjan Saha <br /> |votes = 617<br /> |percentage = 0.53%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate |<br /> |party = IPFB<br /> |candidate = Baidyanath Roy<br /> |votes = 578<br /> |percentage = 0.5%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 14,490<br /> |percentage = 12.4%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,16,860<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2004===<br /> In the [[2004 Indian general election]], '''Moni Thapa''' of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI(M)''']] was the leading candidate in Phansidewa Assembly constituency of [[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general election]]: Phansidewa (ST) constituency}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Moni Thapa<br /> |votes = 68,034<br /> |percentage = 39.68%<br /> |change = Winner<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Dawa Narbula]]<br /> |votes = 52,823<br /> |percentage = 30.81%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Dr. G.S. Yonzone<br /> |votes = 23,757<br /> |percentage = 13.85%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Mohan Chhetri<br /> |votes = 7,720<br /> |percentage = 4.5%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Raju Bhatta<br /> |votes = 5,925<br /> |percentage = 3.45%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Sanjay Thakuri<br /> |votes = 5,147<br /> |percentage = 3%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Bimal Dutta<br /> |votes = 2,167<br /> |percentage = 1.26%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent politician<br /> |candidate = Kishalay Kanti Sharma<br /> |votes = 2,167<br /> |percentage = 1.26%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent politician<br /> |candidate = Lalit Barman <br /> |votes = 2,138<br /> |percentage = 1.25%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Tika Pradhan<br /> |votes = 1,594<br /> |percentage = 0.93%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 15,211<br /> |percentage = 8.87%<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,71,472<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Darjeeling}}<br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br /> <br /> {{West Bengal elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Darjeeling district]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies established in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja_Nahar_Singh_metro_station&diff=459057 2026-03-17T09:46:12Z

<p>Sameer481: fixed structure for consistency further and corrected details</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Raja Nahar Singh‌‌ (Ballabhgarh) metro station]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpur_State&diff=466489 2026-03-09T13:14:11Z

<p>Sameer481: corrected lead for consistency and improved wording based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Princely state in British India}}<br /> <br /> {{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox former country<br /> | native_name = <br /> | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Bharatpur<br /> | common_name = Bharatpur<br /> | era = Early-modern India<br /> | year_start = 1722<br /> | date_start = 18 November<br /> | event_start = <br /> | year_end = 1947<br /> | date_end = 15 August<br /> | government_type = *Tributary of the [[Maratha Confederacy]] under the [[House of Scindia]] (1722–1825)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sunderlal |first1=Pandit |title=How India Lost Her Freedom |date=2018 |publisher=SAGE Publishing |isbn=9789352806423 |page=500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4lIDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Raja+of+Bharatpur+tributaries+Sindhia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Princely state]] (1826–1947)<br /> | common_languages = [[Braj Bhasha|Braj]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hindi]]<br /> | title_leader = [[Maharaja]]<br /> | event_end = End of British suzerainty;&lt;br&gt;[[Instrument of Accession|Accession]] to&lt;br&gt;Dominion of India<br /> | event1 = <br /> | date_event1 = <br /> | p1 = Mughal Empire<br /> | s1 = Dominion of India<br /> | flag_p1 = <br /> | flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg<br /> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Jaipur-Bharatpur map.jpg|frameless]]|Show Imperial Gazetteer of India|[[File:1751 map of India from &quot;Historical Atlas of India&quot;, by Charles Joppen.jpg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show detailed map|default=1}}<br /> | image_map_caption = Bharatpur State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]<br /> | image_flag = File:Flag of Bharatpur.svg<br /> | image_flag2 = File:Flag of the Bharatpur Princely State (1880-c.1943).svg<br /> | flag_caption = Flag from 1722 to 1880. Flag from 1880 to 1943.<br /> | today = [[Rajasthan]] ([[India]])<br /> | leader1 = [[Badan Singh]]<br /> | leader2 = [[Brijendra Singh]]<br /> | year_leader1 = 1722–1755 (first)<br /> | year_leader2 = 1929–1947 (last)<br /> | capital = [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bharatpur''' was a [[princely state]] under British suzerainty. It was ruled by the [[Sinsinwar]] clan of the [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Jats]]. The state was founded by [[Badan Singh|Maharaja Badan Singh]] in 1722. [[Suraj Mal]] played an important role in the development and expansion of the state. During Suraj Mal's reign (1755–1763), the annual revenue of the state was 17,500,000 gold coins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&amp;q=Jats+175+lakh+rupees |title=An Advanced History of Modern India |publisher=Macmillan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-230-32885-3 |pages=420}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Under Suraj Mal leadership, the major architecture of this state include the [[Lohagarh Fort]], [[Deeg Palace]] and the [[Keoladeo National Park]], a royal hunting reserve, is a [[World Heritage Site]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-03-20 |title=The Hindu : Magazine / Travel : Summer symphony |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2007/03/18/stories/2007031800200800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320232002/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2007/03/18/stories/2007031800200800.htm |archive-date=20 March 2007 |access-date=2025-01-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Jat rulers of Deeg and Bharatpur emerged in the medieval period, spreading over parts of the Subah of [[Agra]], including [[Deeg]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], and [[Mewat]]. During this time, the Jats were zamindars and cultivators causing trouble for the [[Mughal Empire]] alongside [[Gurjar|Gujars]] and Meos. During early time Jats were considered outcasts and jungle inhabitants. According to ''Tarikh-i-Firishta'', in 1026 AD, a band of Jats attacked [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] on his return from Gujarat but were nearly exterminated. In 1397 AD, Timur massacred a group of Jats while marching towards Delhi. In 1526 AD, Babar army was harassed by Jats during his march through Punjab.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Dr Aijaz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIU3EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=sinsinwar+jat+rajput&amp;pg=PA174 |title=History of Mewat |date=2021-07-09 |publisher=Alina Books |isbn=978-81-933914-2-6 |language=en}} ''“The first authentic information respecting the remote ancestors of the Jat rulers of Bhartpur is mentioned in Tarikh-i-Firishta, which states that in 1026 AD a band of Jats molested Mahmud of Ghazni on his return from Gujarat and were nearly exterminated by him. In 1397 AD, Timur, marching towards Delhi, fell in with and massacred a horde of the same race, which was even then, noted freebooters. In 1526 AD, the army of Babar was harassed by them on his march through the Punjab.”''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:JatBhurtporeDurbar1860s.jpg|thumb|upright|Royal court of Bharatpur Kingdom during 1860s]]<br /> <br /> The Bharatpur rulers were [[Jats]] of [[Sinsinwar|Sinsinwar clan]]. According to a mythological origin, they descended from Balchand, a Yadav Rajput, through his sons Vijje and Sijje, born to a Jat concubine. They adopted the Sinsinwar gotra after being rejected as Rajputs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=McClenaghan |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQdZlHJ2WTAC&amp;dq=yadav+rajput&amp;pg=PA70 |title=Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of the Indian Princely States |date=1996 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1-897829-19-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ram Pande states that this legend was created &quot;to show superiority of Sinsinwar Jats over other Jats.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Pande |first=Ram |title=Bharatpur up to 1826: A Social and Political History of the Jats |date=1970 |publisher=Rama Publishing House |pages=29 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8-1AAAAIAAJ |oclc=610185303|quote=The legend current in the Durbars of Bharatpur and Karauli till late was that one Balchand, a Yadav Rajput, 19th from Sindpal, a common claimed ancestor of Bharatpur and Karauli families, one day went out, as was his custom, on plundering expedition. On the way he met a Jat of Dogar clan, resident of Jagar, Hindaun in the former State of Jaipur. This Jat was carrying home his wife from Hodal, Balchand made both the Jat and his wife the prisoners and carried them of to his home Sinsini. Balchand had no family by his own wife and made his Jat prisoner's lady as his concubine and by her had two sons, Viije and Sijje. From that time when these two sons of Balchand were not admitted in the Rajput clan, they became Jats. After becoming Jats they proclaimed Sinsinwar as their Gotra from their own village Sinsini. There are several difficulties in accepting the story. Firstly, Karauli never had been such a big Stage at any time that Sinsini could have been a part of it. Secondly, a child's caste is normally determined by the caste of the father not by that of the mother. If Balchand's sons were not admitted to a Rajput clan, they would have been known as Darogas. Probably the purpose of above legend was to show superiority of Sinsinwar Jats over other Jats. }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Dig Fort in Rajasthan in the 1890s.jpg|thumb|225px|View of the [[Deeg]] Fort taken in the 1890s. Deeg was the first capital of the Sinsini Jats established by [[Badan Singh]]. Later the capital was moved to Bharatpur.]]<br /> <br /> The formation of the state of Bharatpur was a result of revolts by the [[Jat people|Jats]] living in the region around [[Delhi]], [[Agra]], and [[Mathura]] against the imperial [[Mughals]]. Gokula was a prominent Jat zamindar of Tilpat who led a rebellion against the Mughal Empire during the reign of [[Aurangzeb]]. In 1669, he spearheaded the Battle of [[Tilpat]], where Jat farmers revolted against heavy Mughal taxation. Despite initial successes, [[Gokula]] was eventually captured and executed in 1670.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of jats state during 17th century |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/history-of-jats-state-during-17th-century-1442912815-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404134416/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/history-of-jats-state-during-17th-century-1442912815-1 |archive-date=4 April 2024 |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=Jagran Josh|date=22 September 2015 }} “''Gokla: He was the zamindar of Tilpat and one who provided leadership in 1669 AD uprising to the Jat. He was stamped down by the Mughal governor, Hasan Ali.''”&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=जानें आगरा के फव्वारा चौक की रोचक कथा और कौन थे वीर गोकुला जाट जिनकी मूर्ति का हुआ अनावरण |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/agra-veer-gokula-jats-statue-unveiled-after-11-months-in-agra-know-glorious-history-nodaa-4681241.html |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016212959/https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/agra-veer-gokula-jats-statue-unveiled-after-11-months-in-agra-know-glorious-history-nodaa-4681241.html |url-status=live }} “''गोकुला जाट का नाम आगरा के लिए सम्मान की बात है. दरअसल, तिलपतगढ़ी के गोकुला जाट की शौर्यगाथा 1666 से ही लोगों के जुबान पर रही है. जब दिल्ली पर औरंगजेब का शासन था. वीर गोकुला जाट ने औरंगजेब को मालगुजारी देने से इनकार कर दिया था. इससे बौखलाए औरंगजेब ने अपनी सेना युद्ध के लिए मथुरा स्थिति तिलपतगढ़ी भेजी. यह युद्ध 3 दिनों तक चला. वीर गोकुला जाट ने औरंगजेब की सेना के छक्के छुड़ा दिए. हार मानकर औरंगजेब ने 1669 में खुद वीर गोकुला जाट से युद्ध करने के लिए मथुरा पहुंचा. इस युद्ध में औरंगजेब ने वीर गोकुला जाट को बंदी बना लिया.''”&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Silver Rupee of Bharatpur state, struck in Mughal emperor Akbar II, struck in Mahe Indrapur Mint.jpg|thumb|upright|Silver Rupee of Bharatpur state, struck in the name of Mughal emperor [[Akbar II]], Mahe Indrapur Mint.]]<br /> <br /> [[Rajaram of Sinsini]] succeeded [[Gokula]] and continued the struggle against [[Mughal Empire|Mughal rule]]. He is noted for organising the Jats into a more cohesive force and avenging Gokula’s death by desecrating Akbar’s tomb. Rajaram’s leadership saw several victories against Mughal forces, including the defeat of Mughal Nawab [[Bahadur Khan (Mughal general)]]. He was instrumental in consolidating Jat power in the region until his death in 1688. Now [[Aurangzeb]] approached the [[Kachhwaha|Kachhwaha Rajput]] ruler [[Bishan Singh]] to crush the uprising and appointed him as the faujdar of [[Mathura]], granting him the entire area in zamindari. Conflict between Jats and Rajputs for zamindari rights also complicated the issue, with Jats primarily being landowners, whereas the Rajputs were primarily revenue collectors.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |title=Medieval India |publisher=National Council for Educational Research and Training |year=1990 |location=India |pages=Chapter 18 p. 295, 296}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Jats put up a stiff resistance but by 1691, [[Rajaram of Sinsini|Rajaram]] and his successor [[Churaman]] were compelled to submit to the Imperial Mughals. However unrest among Jats continued and later on in the beginning of the 18th century, [[Churaman]], taking advantage of the Mughal civil wars, was able to expel the Rajputs from the area and establish an independent state where Jat chiefs formed the ruling class.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; [[Rajaram of Sinsini|Rajaram]] who also exhumed and burned the remains of [[Akbar]] is known for setting up a small fort at [[Sinsini]] and it was a key foundation of this kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;Kunj Bihari Lal Gupta. The Evolution of the Administration of the former Bharatpur State. Vidya Bhawan Publishers, Jaipur, 1959.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tony McClenaghan. Indian Princely Medals: A record of the Orders, Decorations and Medals of the Indian Princely States. Lancer Publications, Spantech &amp; Lancer, New Delhi, 1996.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]] was the most prominent ruler of Bharatpur. On 12 June 1761, he captured the significant Mughal city of [[Capture of Agra|Agra]]. During his reign, he melted the two silver doors of the Taj Mahal. Agra remained under Bharatpur’s control until 1774. After Maharaja Suraj Mal’s death, his successors continued to rule over Agra Fort. [[Jawahar Singh|Maharaja Jawahar Singh]] succeeded him, followed by [[Ratan Singh of Bharatpur|Maharaja Ratan Singh]]. During the minority of Maharaja Kehri Singh, Maharaja [[Nahar Singh of Bharatpur|Nawal Singh]] acted as the regent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. Natwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZ_PwAEACAAJ |title=Maharaja Suraj Mal, 1707-1763: His Life and Times |publisher=Rupa &amp; Company |year=2001 |isbn=978-81-7167-510-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Bhatia |first=O. P. Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smdXAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=suraj+Mal+capture+agra |title=History of India, from 1707 to 1856 |publisher=Surjeet Book Depot |year=1968 |pages=536}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Maharaja Suraj Mal.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Suraj Mal]], most prominent ruler of Bharatpur Kingdom]]<br /> In 1805, war between the [[British Empire|British]] and the [[Holkars]] broke out. [[Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] agreed to help the Holkar and the two Maharajas fell back to the Bharatpur fort. The British surrounded the fort and after three months, Ranjit Singh agreed to peace and signed a treaty with the British, thus becoming a princely state.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Rise and Fall of The Maratha Empire 1750-1818|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8AbPDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=ranjit+singh+of+bharatpur+help+Yashwantrao+holkar&amp;pg=PT62|last=Nandakumar|first=Sanish|publisher=Notion Press|year=2020|isbn=978-1-647-83961-1|pages=86}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Maharaja Jashwant Singh|Maharaja Jaswant Singh]] of Bharatpur provided great support for the British during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and this aid was greatly acknowledged by the British. [[Jaswant Singh of Bharatpur|Jaswant Singh]] was made a [[Order of the Star of India|G.C.S.I]] and his personal gun salute was increased.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sahai |first=Jawala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMzAxgEACAAJ |title=His Highness Maharaja Jaswant Singh Bahadur, G.C.S.I. of Bharatpur |date=1914 |publisher=Jwala Sahai, retired Nazim &amp; Honorary Magistrate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 1947, Bharatpur acceded to the newly independent [[Dominion of India]]. The following year, in 1948, it became part of the [[United States of Matsya|Matsya Union]], and in 1949, it was integrated into the state of [[Rajasthan]]. Members of the Bharatpur royal family have remained active in national and regional politics. Several family members have served as members of parliament and in the state legislature.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Members : Lok Sabha : Singh, Shri Vishvendra |url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=459&amp;lastls=14 |access-date=2025-01-06 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401085317/http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=459&amp;lastls=14 |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == List of ''Maharajas'' ==<br /> {{main|List of Maharajas of Bharatpur}}<br /> This section includes list of ''Maharajas'' of Bharatpur in chronological order. The current titular Maharaja of Bharatpur is [[Vishvendra Singh]] since July 1995.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Portrait !! Name of Maharaja !! Reign<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Detail of Raja Badan Singh from a painting from an illustrated 'Sujan Charitra' series, by Ramji, Jaipur School, circa mid-to-late 18th century (cropped).jpg|90x90px]]|| [[Badan Singh]]|| 1722 - 1755<br /> |Founder of the princely state of Bharatpur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Division |first=Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wumhDQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=badan+singh+bharatpur&amp;pg=PT483 |title=THE GAZETTEER OF INDIA Volume 2 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2265-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |first= |title=Final Report on the Bharatpur State Settlement (1900-1901) (PDF) |url=https://ia801402.us.archive.org/6/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.35891/2015.35891.Final-Report-On-The-Bharatpur-State-Settlement.pdf |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35891/page/n1/mode/2up |archive-date=20 January 2017 |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=[[Michael O'Dwyer]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Suraj Mal.jpg|70px]]|| [[Suraj Mal]]|| 1755 - 1763<br /> |Son of Badan Singh. He is known for his political acumen and military prowess, he expanded his kingdom significantly and built the formidable [[Lohagarh Fort|Lohagarh]] Fort and [[Deeg Palace]]. He is often referred to as the ''Plato of the Sinsinwar Jat tribe'' or ''Jat Ullyses.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Natwar-Singh |first=Kunwar |title=Maharaja Suraj Mal, 1707-1763: his life and times |publisher=Rupa and Co |year=2001 |isbn=978-81-7167-510-4 |edition= |location=New Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Brijesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f864EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=surajmal+bharatpur&amp;pg=PA35 |title=Comprehensive Modern Indian History: From 1707 To The Modern Times |edition=UPSC CSE |publisher=S. Chand Publishing |isbn=978-93-5501-657-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Jawahar Singh of Bharatpur.jpg|70px]]|| [[Jawahar Singh]]|| 1763 - 1768<br /> |Son of Suraj Mal. He successfully repelled several attacks, including [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali's]], from Bharatpur. Additionally, he oversaw campaigns against the Marathas and Rohillas. With [[Sikhs|Sikh]] allies' assistance, he seized areas in [[Bundelkhand]] and Northern [[Malwa]] and even sacked Delhi in 1764.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ranavat Manohar Singh Ji |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.347515/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Bharatpur Maharaja Jawahar Singh Jat |date=1973}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath|title=Fall of the Mughal empire |date= |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=978-81-250-3245-8 |edition= |location=New Delhi }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ratan Singh of Bharatpur.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Ratan Singh of Bharatpur|Ratan Singh]]<br /> |1768 - 1769<br /> |Brother of [[Jawahar Singh]]. He ruled only for about nine months.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Cotton |first1=James Sutherland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IgG2AAAAIAAJ&amp;dq=Ratan+Singh+of+Bharatpur&amp;pg=PA76 |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India ... |last2=Burn |first2=Sir Richard |last3=Meyer |first3=William |date=1908 |publisher=Clarendon Press |pages=76 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Portrait of Maharaja Kehri Singh of Bharatpur State (cropped).jpg|88x88px]]<br /> |Kehri Singh<br /> |1769 - 1777<br /> |Son (minor) of [[Ratan Singh of Bharatpur|Ratan Singh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur|Ranjit Singh]]<br /> |1777 - 1805<br /> |Son of [[Suraj Mal]]. He participated in the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] on the side of the [[Marathas]] and his forces proved to be a tough match for [[Lord Lake]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bharatpur Fort and its resistance against British forces |url=https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?13454#:~:text=The%20origins%20of%20the%20conflict,the%20princely%20state%20in%201805. |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=amritmahotsav.nic.in}} [[Government of India]] ''“The origins of the conflict between the British and the Bharatpur state can be traced to the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], when the ruler of the state, [[Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur|Ranjit Singh]], formed an alliance with the Marathas against the colonial forces. This angered the British, who ly decided to invade the princely state in 1805”''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Maharaja Randhir Singh.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Randhir Singh of Bharatpur|Randhir Singh]]<br /> |1805 - 1823<br /> |Son of [[Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur|Ranjit Singh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Maharaja Baldeo Singh.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Baldeo Singh]]<br /> |1823 - 1825<br /> |Brother of [[Randhir Singh of Bharatpur|Randhir Singh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Maharaja Balwant Singh.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Balwant Singh of Bharatpur|Balwant Singh]]<br /> |1825 - 1853<br /> |Son of [[Baldeo Singh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Jaswant Singh Bharatpur.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Jaswant Singh of Bharatpur|Jaswant Singh]]<br /> |1853 - 1893<br /> |Son of [[Balwant Singh of Bharatpur|Balwant Singh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Ram Singh of Bharatpur.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Ram Singh of Bharatpur|Ram Singh]]<br /> |1893 - 1900<br /> |Son of [[Jaswant Singh of Bharatpur|Jaswant Singh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Maharaja Kisan Singh.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Kishan Singh of Bharatpur|Kishan Singh]]<br /> |1900 - 1929<br /> |Son of [[Ram Singh of Bharatpur|Ram Singh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Maharaja Brijendra Singh of Bharatpur.jpg|70px]]<br /> |[[Brijendra Singh]]<br /> |1929 - 1947<br /> |He was the last ruler of the [[princely state]] of Bharatpur. He was a [[Member of Parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]]) 1962–1971. He was deprived of his royal rank, titles and [[Privy Purse in India|honours]] by the [[Government of India]] on 28 December 1971.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publ |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |editor-last=Shashi |editor-first=Shyam Singh |location=New Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-12-01 |title=…दो घंटे में डूबने वाला था भरतपुर, तब खुद महाराजा कर्नल सवाई बृजेंद्र सिंह ने खोला था अटलबंध का मोरा {{!}} ... Bharatpur was about to drown in two hours |url=https://www.patrika.com/bharatpur-news/bharatpur-was-about-to-drown-in-two-hours-5443318 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=Patrika News |language=hi |archive-date=4 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204193013/https://www.patrika.com/bharatpur-news/bharatpur-was-about-to-drown-in-two-hours-5443318/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Expansion and decline==<br /> {{Main|Battle of Delhi (1764)|Capture of Agra}}<br /> Bharatpur State, founded in 1722 by [[Badan Singh|Maharaja Badan Singh]], saw significant expansion under the leadership of [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]], who ruled from 1755 to 1763, was instrumental in consolidating and expanding the state’s territories. During his reign, the state’s revenue reached an impressive 17,500,000 gold coins per annum. [[Suraj Mal|Suraj Mal’s]] strategic alliances and military prowess enabled Bharatpur to withstand numerous invasions, including those from the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[East India Company]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Ramesh Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dl4HxwEACAAJ |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Maratha supremacy |last2=Dighe |first2=Vishvanath Govind |date=1977 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Suraj Mal captured important territories such as [[Capture of Agra|Agra]], [[Mathura]], and parts of [[Aligarh]]. The [[capture of Agra]] in 1761, in particular, was a significant achievement, as it was a major Mughal stronghold. Suraj Mal’s forces also successfully defended Bharatpur against multiple invasions, showcasing the state’s military strength.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Sir Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sgfVAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Jats+Agra |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire: 1754-1771. (Panipat) 2d ed., rev. 1950 |date=1950 |publisher=M.C. Sarkar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bhanu |first=Dharma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CctFMm9HSH8C&amp;dq=jat+rule+over+agra&amp;pg=PA9 |title=The Province of Agra: Its History and Administration |date=1979 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the 1760s, the Kingdom of Bharatpur reached its zenith and covered present day capital [[Delhi]] and district of [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]], [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]], [[Dholpur district|Dholpur]], [[Hathras district|Hathras]], [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]], [[Kanpur Dehat]], [[Auraiya]], [[Hapur]], [[Firozabad]], [[Baghpat]], [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]], [[Palwal district|Palwal]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Sonipat]]. The areas under the control of [[Jat people|Jat]]s broadly included parts of modern eastern [[Rajasthan]], southern [[Haryana]], western [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Delhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lethbridge |first1=Sir Roper |date=1900 |title=The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. With an Appendix for Ceylon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zykYAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=auraiya+jats+etawah&amp;pg=PA120}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chaudhuri&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=J. N. |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. 8: The Maratha |date=1977 |publisher=[[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R. C. |editor1-link=R. C. Majumdar |page=157 |chapter=Disruption of the Mughal Empire: The Jats |oclc=1067771105 |access-date=20 December 2019 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dl4HxwEACAAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After Suraj Mal death in 1763, Bharatpur State experienced internal conflicts and succession issues, weakening its stability. The British [[East India Company]] saw an opportunity and attacked in [[Siege of Bharatpur (1805)|1805]], but Bharatpur initially resisted. However, in 1825-26, the British, led by [[Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere|Lord Combermere]], besieged and [[Siege of Bharatpur (1825–1826)|captured the Lohagarh Fort]]. This ended Bharatpur’s independence, and in 1826, the state had to sign a treaty, making it a British protectorate.{{citation needed|date=November 2025}} Jats ruled Agra for 13 years from 1761 to 1774. On 18 February 1774, the Mughal Commander [[Mirza Najaf Khan]] re-captured Agra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Military power==<br /> The Kingdom during Jawahar Singh's time had a large army of 25,000 [[Infantry]], 15,000 [[Cavalry]] and 300 pieces of cannons with addition to the troops stationed at his forts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938 |date=1994 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0333-5 |pages=253 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Architecture ==<br /> {{Main|Lohagarh Fort|Deeg Palace|Keoladeo National Park}}<br /> Bharatpur State is known for its blend of [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] and [[Rajput architecture|Rajput]] architectural styles.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Lohagarh_Fort.jpg|thumb|225px<br /> |[[Lohagarh Fort]], built by Maharaja Suraj Mal in 1732 on an artificial island and took eight years to complete.]]<br /> <br /> [[Lohagarh Fort]] is one of the architectural achievement of the state. It was built by [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]] in 1732 A.D. on an artificial island and construction of this fort took almost eight years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=ये है देश का एकमात्र अजेय किला, अंग्रेजों ने इसकी मजबूती के आगे टेके थे घुटने |url=https://www.patrika.com/bharatpur-news/lohagarh-fort-bharatpur-lohagarh-fort-history-special-feature-of-lohagarh-fort-8740530 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Patrika News |language=hi |archive-date=18 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818222044/https://www.patrika.com/bharatpur-news/lohagarh-fort-bharatpur-lohagarh-fort-history-special-feature-of-lohagarh-fort-8740530 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; This fort is considered as one of the strongest fort due to its formidable defense because the British forces led by [[Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake|Lord Lake]] were unable to capture the fort in spite of multiple attacks during the [[Siege of Bharatpur (1805)|Siege of Bharatpur]] and the fort remained free from British control for more than twenty years till 1825.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-17 |title=भरतपुर का लोहागढ़ किला, जिसके आगे अंग्रेजों ने भी टेक दिया था घुटना |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/rajasthan/bharatpur-lohagarh-fort-bharatpur-lohagarh-fort-history-special-feature-of-lohagarh-fort-8777225-page-4.html |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Between December 1825 and January 1826, British troops under [[Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere|Lord Combermere]] initially surrounded the state's capital until on 18 January 1826 its fortress was stormed and captured. After this [[Siege of Bharatpur (1825–1826)|siege]], it became princely state under British Raj control.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2024 |title=Siege of Bharatpur, 1825-1826 |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?14230/ |website=amritmahotsav.nic.in |last1=Mahotsav |first1=Amrit }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Deeg Palace.jpg|thumb|225px|[[Deeg Palace]], built in 1772 as a palace for the rulers of Bharatpur State.]]<br /> <br /> Apart from the [[Lohagarh Fort|Lohagarh]] fort, the [[Deeg Palace]] was also built by the [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]] in 1730 as a luxurious summer resort for the rulers of Bharatpur State. It is the only Hindu-style palace in north India and a perfect blend of [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] and [[Rajput architecture|Rajput]] architecture.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dhar |first=Aarti |title=Deeg Palace erupts in colour for Braj Holi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/deeg-palace-erupts-in-colour-for-braj-holi/article6948866.ece |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=The Hindu|date=March 2015 }} “''Celebrations at Deeg Palace, with its wonderful mix of Mughal and Rajasthani architecture.''”&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Sambhars are common sight at Keoladeo Ghana National Park Bharatpur India.jpg|thumb|225px|Sambar deer in [[Keoladeo National Park]]]]<br /> <br /> Originally a royal hunting reserve, [[Keoladeo National Park]] was developed by [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=TL |first=Prabhu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CenDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=keoladeo+national+park+suraj+mal&amp;pg=PT167 |title=Majestic Monuments of India: Ancient Indian Mega Structures |date=2019-08-04 |publisher=Nestfame Creations Pvt. Ltd. |language=en}} “''Raja '''Suraj Mal''' created '''Keoladeo National Park''', also known as Keoladeo Ghana National Park. Previously this park was established as a bird sanctuary in 1956 and in 1982''”&lt;/ref&gt; It is now a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] and a bird sanctuary.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Keoladeo National Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/340/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003112429/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/340/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Battle of Pichuna]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> *[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_079.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol 8, P-73 Bharatpur State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070605132913/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_079.gif |date=5 June 2007 }}<br /> *[[R. C. Majumdar]], H.C. Raychaudhury, Kalikaranjan Datta: [[An Advanced History of India]], fourth edition, 1978, {{ISBN|0-333-90298-X}}, p.&amp;nbsp;535-36<br /> <br /> ;Attribution<br /> {{EB1911|wstitle=Bharatpur}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[https://www.britannica.com/place/Bharatpur-historical-state-India Bharatpur State] at ''[[Britannica]]''<br /> * {{Commons category-inline}}<br /> <br /> {{Princely states of India}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{Coord|27.22|N|77.48|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bharatpur State}}<br /> [[Category:History of Bharatpur, Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Princely states of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:States under the Rajputana Agency]]<br /> [[Category:States and territories established in the 17th century]]<br /> [[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1947]]<br /> [[Category:1722 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:1947 disestablishments in British India]]<br /> [[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahseer&diff=445982 2026-03-09T09:24:34Z

<p>Sameer481: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Common name for several genera of carp}}<br /> {{Merge to|Torinae|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Paraphyletic group<br /> | auto = yes<br /> | image = Tor tambroid 160811-61602 ffi.JPG<br /> | image_caption = ''[[Tor tambroides]]''<br /> | parent = Torinae<br /> | includes_text = Genera<br /> | includes = ''[[Tor (fish)|Tor]]'' &lt;small&gt;Gray, 1834&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''[[Neolissochilus]]'' &lt;small&gt;Rainboth, 1985&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''[[Naziritor]]'' &lt;small&gt;Mirza &amp; Javed, 1985&lt;/small&gt;<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Golden mahseer (Tor putitora) Babai River.jpg|thumb|Golden mahseer (''Tor putitora'') in Babai River, Nepal]]<br /> <br /> '''Mahseer''' is the [[common name]] used for the [[genera]] ''[[Tor (fish)|Tor]]'', ''[[Neolissochilus]]'', ''[[Naziritor]]'' and ''[[Parator zonatus|Parator]]'' in the family [[Cyprinidae]] (carps).&lt;ref name=FishBaseTor&gt;{{FishBase genus | genus = Tor | year = 2008 | month = April}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=FishBaseNeo&gt;{{FishBase genus | genus = Neolissochilus | year = 2008 | month = April}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=FishBaseNaz&gt;{{FishBase genus | genus = Naziritor | year = 2008 | month = April}}&lt;/ref&gt; The name is, however, more often restricted to members of the genus ''Tor''.&lt;ref name=&quot;sen&quot;&gt;Sen TK, Jayaram KC, 1982. The Mahseer Fish of India – a Review. Rec. Zoological Survey of India. Misc. Publ. Occasional Paper 39, 38p.&lt;/ref&gt; The range of these fish is from [[Vietnam]] in the east and [[China]] in the north, through [[Myanmar]],[[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], Brunei and [[Indonesia]], and across [[South Asia|southern Asia]] including the countries of India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh within the [[Indian Peninsula]], plus [[Sri Lanka]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Afghanistan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;menon&quot;&gt;Menon AGK, 1992. Taxonomy of mahseer fishes of the genus ''Tor'' Gray with description of a new species from the Deccan. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 89 (2):210–228&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Roberts TR|year=1999|title=Fishes of the cyprinid genus ''Tor'' in the Nam Theun watershed, Mekong Basin of Laos, with description of a new species|url=http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/53003276.pdf|journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology|volume=47|issue=1|pages=225–236|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425082711/http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/53003276.pdf|archive-date=2012-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite iucn | author = Jha, B.R. | author2 = Rayamajhi, A. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Tor putitora'' | volume = 2010 | article-number = e.T166645A6254146 | date = 2010 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166645A6254146.en }}&lt;/ref&gt; They are commercially important [[game fish]], as well as highly esteemed [[food fish]]. Mahseer fetch high market price, and are potential candidate species for [[aquaculture]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ogale&quot;&gt;Ogale, S.N. 2002 Mahseer breeding and conservation and possibilities of commercial culture. The Indian experience. In T. Petr and D.B. Swar (eds.) Cold Water Fisheries in the Trans-Himalayan Countries. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 431.&lt;/ref&gt; Several of the larger species have suffered severe declines, and are now considered [[threatened]] due to [[pollution]], [[habitat loss]], [[overfishing]] and increasing concern about the impacts of unregulated release of artificially bred stock of a very limited number of species.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273517611 |doi=10.3354/esr00673|title=The legendary hump-backed mahseer Tor sp. Of India's River Cauvery: An endemic fish swimming towards extinction? |year=2015 |last1=Pinder |first1=AC |last2=Raghavan |first2=R. |last3=Britton |first3=JR |journal=Endangered Species Research |volume=28 |pages=11–17 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] of the mahseers is confusing due to the [[morphology (biology)|morphological]] variations they exhibit. In developing strategies for aquaculture and propagation assisted rehabilitation of mahseer species, resolution of taxonomic ambiguities is needed &lt;ref name=mohindra&gt;{{cite journal|author=Mohindra, V.|author2=Khare, Praveen|author3=Lal, K. K.|author4=Punia, P.|author5=Singh, R. K.|author6=Barman, A. S.|author7=Lakra, W. S.|name-list-style=amp|year=2007|title=Molecular discrimination of five Mahseer species from Indian peninsula using RAPD analysis|journal=Acta Zoologica Sinica|volume=53|issue=4|pages=725–732|url=http://www.allmedjournals.com/cnmed/Molecular-discrimination-of-five-Mahseer-species-from-Indian-peninsula-using-RAP.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005627/http://www.allmedjournals.com/cnmed/Molecular-discrimination-of-five-Mahseer-species-from-Indian-peninsula-using-RAP.html|archive-date=2012-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; and adherence to IUCN stocking guidelines &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/6507 | title=The IUCN position statement on translocation of living organisms: Introductions, re-introductions and re-stocking | year=1987 }}&lt;/ref&gt; must be followed.<br /> <br /> Mahseers inhabit both rivers and lakes, with some species believed to ascend into rapid streams with rocky bottoms for breeding. Like other types of [[carp]]s, they are [[omnivorous]], eating not only [[algae]], [[crustacean]]s, [[insect]]s, [[frog]]s, and other fish, but also fruits that fall from trees overhead.<br /> <br /> The first species from this group were [[Binomial nomenclature|scientifically described]] by [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]] in 1822, and first mentioned as an [[angling]] challenge by the ''[[Oriental Sporting Magazine]]'' in 1833, soon becoming a favorite quarry of [[United Kingdom|British]] anglers living in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;Cordington, K. De. B. 1939. ''Notes on Indian Mahseer''. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 46: 336–334&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;br /&gt; <br /> The [[golden mahseer]] ''[[Tor putitora]]'' was previously believed to be the largest member of the group and one of the largest cyprinids; it has been known to reach {{cvt|2.75|m}} in length and {{cvt|54|kg}} in weight, although specimens of this size are rarely seen nowadays.&lt;ref name=FishBaseTor/&gt;<br /> &lt;br /&gt;<br /> Currently, the largest of the mahseer is ''[[Tor remadevii]]'', which is known to grow to in excess of {{cvt|120|lb}}. In 2011, UK angler Ken Loughran landed a fish that was too heavy for the 120lb scales being used. This fish was claimed as a 'World record' at 130lb 10oz,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.advnture.com/features/world-carp-record-goes-over-100-lb |title = 130 lb World record mahseer shock|date = 2011-04-09}}{{Failed verification|date=April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; although the weighing process used is in doubt.<br /> In addition to being caught for [[Recreational fishing|sport]], mahseer are also part of [[commercial fishing]] and ornamental or aquarium fish.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The [[Hindi]] and [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]] name of ''mahāsir, mahāser'', or ''mahāsaulā ''is used for a number of fishes of the group. Several sources of the [[common name]] ''mahseer'' have been suggested: It has been said to be derived from [[Sanskrit]], while others claim it is derived from [[Indo-Persian culture|Indo-Persian]], ''mahi''- fish and ''sher''- tiger or &quot;tiger among fish&quot; in [[Persian language|Persian]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} Alternatively, ''mahā-śalka'', meaning large-scaled, is suggested, as the scales are so large that [[Francis Buchanan]] mentions that playing cards were made from them at [[Dacca]]. Another theory by [[Henry Sullivan Thomas]] suggests ''mahā-āsya'': ''great mouth.''&lt;ref&gt;Yule, Henry, Sir. Hobson-Jobson: ''A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive''. New ed. edited by William Crooke, B.A. London: J. Murray, 1903.&lt;/ref&gt; The name'' mahasher ''is commonly used in [[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] languages in [[Pakistan]] for this fish and is said to be made up of two local words: ''maha'' = big and ''sher'' = [[lion]], as it ascends in the hilly rivers and streams of [[Himalaya]] courageously. Sadhale and Nene translate the Sanskrit word mahashila, as used in some texts &lt;ref name=Sadhale2005&gt;On fish in Manasollasa (c. 1131 AD) N Sadhale, YL Nene – Asian Agri-Hist, 2005 – asianagrihistory.org&lt;/ref&gt; as &quot;stone-like&quot;, interpreting that to mean a powerful fish.<br /> <br /> Mahseers in [[Indonesia]] possess a multitude of names owing to the [[Culture of Indonesia|multiethnic composition]] of the country; in Java, they are referred to as ''ikan dewa''; literally God-Fish or Fish of the Gods.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mengenal Lebih Dekat Ikan Dewa, Harganya Jutaan dan Selalu Diburu Jelang Imlek |editor=Michael Hangga Wismabrata |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/01/22/06390061/mengenal-lebih-dekat-ikan-dewa-harganya-jutaan-dan-selalu-diburu-jelang |website=Kompas.com |date=21 January 2020 |publisher=Kompas |access-date=17 February 2023|lang=Indonesian}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Species==<br /> [[File:MahseerTackleAd.jpg|thumb|Advertisement for Mahseer fishing tackle 1897]]<br /> <br /> Sen and Jayaram restrict the term mahseer to members of the genus ''Tor''. However, the species of genus ''Neolissochilus'' and the genera ''Naziritor'' and ''Parator'' are also called mahseers due to their large-sized scales and other similarities.&lt;ref name=sen/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> Scientists now try to use the terms 'true mahseer' for species within ''Tor'', and 'lesser mahseers' for species within ''Neolissochilus'', ''Naziritor'' and ''Parator''.<br /> <br /> ===Genus ''Tor''===<br /> The genus ''[[Tor (fish)|Tor]]'' includes:&lt;ref name=FishBaseTor/&gt;<br /> <br /> * ''[[Tor ater]]'', Roberts, 1999<br /> * ''[[Tor barakae]]'', Arunkumar &amp; Basudha, 2003, Barakae mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor douronensis]]'', Valenciennes, 1842, ''Semah mahseer'' or river carp. Synonymous with [[Tor tambra]]<br /> * ''[[Tor hemispinus]]'', Chen &amp; Chu, 1985<br /> * ''[[Tor kulkarnii]]'', Menon, 1992, dwarf mahseer, uncertain as only one specimen found till now<br /> * ''[[Tor khudree]]'', Sykes, 1839, [[black mahseer]], [[Deccan mahseer]], or blue-finned mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor laterivittatus]]'', Zhou &amp; Cui, 1996<br /> * ''[[Tor macrolepis]]'', Heckel, 1838, uncertain species<br /> * ''[[Tor malabaricus]]'', Jerdon, 1849, Malabar mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor mosal]]'', Hamilton, 1822, copper mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor mussullah]]'', Sykes, 1839, erroneously &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3750.3.1|pmid = 25113692|title = On the identities of ''Barbus mussullah'' Sykes and'' Cyprinus curmuca'' Hamilton with notes on the status of ''Gobio canarensis'' Jerdon (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).|journal = Zootaxa|volume = 3750|issue = 3|pages = 201–15|year = 2013|last1 = Knight|first1 = J.D. Marcus|last2 = Rai|first2 = Ashwin|last3 = d'Souza|first3 = Ronald K.P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; called [[humpback mahseer]]<br /> * ''[[Tor polylepis]]'', Zhou &amp; Cui, 1996<br /> * ''[[Tor progeneius]]'', McClelland, 1839, Jungha mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor putitora]]'', Hamilton, 1822, Himalayan mahseer or [[golden mahseer]]<br /> * ''[[Tor qiaojiensis]]'', Wu, 1977<br /> * ''[[Tor remadevii]]'', Madhusoodana &amp; Radhakrishnan, 2007, [[orange-finned mahseer]] or hump-backed mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor sinensis]]'', Wu, 1977, Chinese mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor soro]]'', Valenciennes, 1842 now reassigned to ''[[Neolissochilus soroides]]''<br /> * ''[[Tor streeteri]]'', Myers, 1927<br /> * ''[[Tor tambra]]'', Valenciennes, 1842, Javan mahseer, red mahseer (ikan kelah merah)<br /> * ''[[Tor tambroides]]'', Bleeker, 1854, Malayan mahsheer (erroneous), Sumatran mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor tor]]'', Hamilton, 1822, red-finned mahseer, short-gilled mahseer, or deep-bodied mahseer<br /> * ''[[Tor yingjiangensis]]'', Chen &amp; Yang, 2004<br /> * ''[[Tor yunnanensis]]'', (Wang, Zhuang &amp; Gao, 1982)<br /> <br /> ===Genus ''Neolissochilus''===<br /> The genus ''[[Neolissochilus]]'' includes:&lt;ref name=FishBaseNeo/&gt;<br /> <br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus baoshanensis]]'', (Chen &amp; Yang, 1999)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus benasi]]'', (Pellegrin &amp; Chevey, 1936)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus blythii]]'', (Day, 1870)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus compressus]]'', (Day, 1870)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus dukai]]'', (Day, 1878)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus hendersoni]]'', (Herre, 1940)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus heterostomus]]'', (Chen &amp; Yang, 1999)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus hexagonolepis]]'', (McClelland, 1839), chocolate mahseer<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus hexastichus]]'', (McClelland, 1839), brown mahseer<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus longipinnis]]'', (Weber &amp; de Beaufort, 1916)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus namlenensis]]'', (Nguyen &amp; Doan, 1969) <br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus nigrovittatus]]'', (Boulenger, 1893)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus paucisquamatus]]'', (Smith, 1945)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus pnar]]'' (Dahanukar, Sundar, Rangad, Proudlove &amp; Raghavan, 2023),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Dahanukar |first1=Neelesh |last2=Sundar |first2=Remya L. |last3=Rangad |first3=Duwaki |last4=Proudlove |first4=Graham |last5=Raghavan |first5=Rajeev |date=2023-06-02 |title=The world's largest cave fish from Meghalaya, Northeast India, is a new species, ''Neolissochilus pnar'' (Cyprinidae, Torinae) |url=https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/article/101011/ |journal=Vertebrate Zoology |language=en |volume=73 |pages=141–152 |doi=10.3897/vz.73.e101011 |issn=2625-8498|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; cave mahseer<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus soroides]]'', (Duncker, 1904)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus spinulosus]]'', (McClelland, 1845), spinulosus mahseer<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus stevensonii]]'', (Day, 1870), Stevenson's mahseer<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus stracheyi]]'', (Day, 1871), blue mahseer<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus subterraneus]]'', Vidthayanon &amp; Kottelat, 2003<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus sumatranus]]'', (Weber &amp; de Beaufort, 1916)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus theinemanni]]'', (Ahl, 1933)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus tweediei]]'', (Herre &amp; Myers, 1937) junior synonym of [[Neolissochilus soroides]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280910873 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3962.1.7|title=Cyprinid fishes of the genus ''Neolissochilus ''in Peninsular Malaysia. |year=2015 |last1=Khaironizam |first1=M. Z. |last2=Akaria-Ismail |first2=M. |last3=Armbruster |first3=Jonathan W. |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3962 |pages=139–157 |pmid=26249381 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus vittatus]]'', (Smith, 1945)<br /> * ''[[Neolissochilus wynaadensis]]'', (Day, 1873), copper mahseer<br /> <br /> ===Genus ''Naziritor''===<br /> The genus ''Naziritor'' includes:&lt;ref name=FishBaseNaz/&gt;<br /> <br /> * ''[[Naziritor zhobensis]]'', Mirza, 1967, Balochi mahseer<br /> *''[[Naziritor chelynoides]]'', McClelland, 1839, Dark mahseer &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite iucn |author=Dahanukar, N. |year=2015|title= ''Naziritor chelynoides'' |article-number= e.T166420A70080553 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T166420A70080553.en |doi-access = free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Genus ''Parator''===<br /> The genus ''Parator'' includes:&lt;ref name=FishBasePar&gt;{{FishBase genus | genus = Parator | month = April | year = 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[monotypy|one single species]]<br /> <br /> * ''[[Parator zonatus]]'', Lin, 1935, Tri-lobed lip barbel<br /> <br /> ==Historical references==<br /> Researchers working at sites from the Harappan era or [[Indus Valley Civilisation]], found collections of pottery decorated with fish motifs as well as fish bones left in midden pits. Hora &lt;ref&gt;Fish paintings of the third millennium BC from Nal (Baluchistan) and their zoogeographical significance<br /> SL Hora – 1956 – Manager of Publications, Civil Lines&lt;/ref&gt; describes his interpretation of each of the species depicted on the painted pots, which include most of the species common today in the Indus basin, including mahseer. During his work on the remains of fish bones, renowned ethnoarchaeologist Dr William R. Belcher &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.harappa.com/experts/william-belcher |title = William Belcher}}&lt;/ref&gt; discovered that while fish, including large species like Indian major carps and various catfish, comprised a substantial element of the diets of this 3300–1300 BCE civilisation, bones of mahseer were extremely rare.&lt;ref&gt;Fish exploitation of the Baluchistan and Indus Valley traditions: an ethnoarchaeological approach to the study of fish remains WR Belcher – 1998 – researchgate.net&lt;/ref&gt; It has been suggested &lt;ref name=Pinder2019&gt;Pinder, A.C., Britton, J.R., Harrison, A.J. et al. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-019-09566-y&lt;/ref&gt; that this is the first known instance of mahseer being 'revered' or singled out from other fish species as 'God's fish'.<br /> <br /> During the later period of the [[Chalukya dynasty]], under the [[Western Chalukya Empire]], King [[Someshvara III]] describes fishing in the rivers and seas around his kingdom, which include many areas that are inhabited by the mahseer species [[Tor remadevii]], [[Tor malabaricus]] and [[Tor khudree]].&lt;ref name=Sadhale2005 /&gt; The king includes &quot;mahashila&quot;, a &quot;large river fish(es) of the scaly type.&quot; He then goes on to describe the best methods of [[Angling]] for the various fish species to be encountered in his kingdom, including how to prepare baits for each. There is a further description of how to prepare the fish for cooking and eating.<br /> <br /> Many of the most detailed descriptions of mahseer begin to appear during the British colonisation of India, in particular, during the [[British Raj]] of 1857 to 1947. Many of those stationed in India enjoyed angling for mahseer, which they compared to the thrill of catching a salmon 'back home'. Indeed, Henry Sullivan Thomas, author of one of the first books on angling in the colonies &lt;ref&gt;The Rod In India https://archive.org/details/rodinindia00thomgoog/page/n9&lt;/ref&gt; said &quot;the mahseer shows more sport for its size than a salmon.&quot; They also produced guidebooks and penned letters to sporting journals such as ''[[The Field (magazine)|The Field]]'' and ''Fishing Gazette''.<br /> <br /> H.S. Thomas also gives a description of south Indian followers of [[Hinduism]] equating mahseer with [[Matsya]], one of the incarnations of the god [[Vishnu]] and responsible for saving [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]] from the flood. This tale is common in many of the classic Hindu texts, with the first reference being in the [[Shatapatha Brahmana]], part of the [[Vedas]] body of works dated from 1500 to 400 BCE.<br /> <br /> ==In heraldry (and other official representations)==<br /> [[File:Kurwai State CoA.png|thumb|160px|[[Kurwai State]] coat of arms with a Mahseer as [[supporter]].]]<br /> Mahseer was an important symbol in the heraldry of certain Muslim-ruled former [[princely states]] of the [[Subcontinent]] such as [[Baoni State|Baoni]], [[Bhopal State|Bhopal]], [[Kurwai State|Kurwai]] and [[Rampur State|Rampur]]. [[Dost Mohammad Khan]]'s son Yar Mohammad received from [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam-ul-Mulk]] the insignia of the ''Maha Muratib'' (the dignity of the Fish).&lt;ref name=&quot;William_Hough_1845&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = A brief history of the Bhopal principality in Central India | url = https://archive.org/details/abriefhistorybh01houggoog | author = Hough, William | publisher = Baptist Mission Press | location = Calcutta | year = 1845 | oclc = 16902742 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/abriefhistorybh01houggoog/page/n50 1]–4 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The insignia became part of the Bhopal State's [[coat of arms]].<br /> <br /> The Mahseer fish as an emblem of the highest honour in royalty is allegedly from [[Persian culture|Persian]] origin and was adopted by the courts of [[Oudh]] and the [[Paigah family|Paigah]] nobles of [[Hyderabad State]], being later passed down to other states of the area.&lt;ref&gt;Saad Bin Jung, ''Subhan and I: My Adventures with the Angling Legend of India''. Roli Books, New Delhi 2012&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[India]], many states have adopted mahseer as their State Fish. [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Uttarakhand]] all have the [[golden mahseer]], [[Nagaland]] has the 'Chocolate mahseer', ''[[Neolissochilus hexagonolepis]]'' as their State Fish, [[Odisha]] has the fish known as 'Mahanadi mahseer', ''[[Tor tor|Tor mosal mahanadicus]]'' as its State Fish.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20&amp;%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=25 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The southern state of [[Karnataka]] is considering changing its State Fish from [[Carnatic carp]] to the [[IUCN]] [[IUCN Red List|Red Listed]] ''Critically Endangered'' ''[[Tor remadevii]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mahseer-may-get-state-fish-tag-744615.html| title = Mahseer may get 'state fish' tag {{!}} Deccan Herald| date = 3 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There have been calls for ''[[Tor tambra]]'', the 'Java mahseer' known locally as emperau, to be adopted as the national fish of [[Malaysia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/01/24/empurau-as-national-fish-breeder-suggests-to-tourism-malaysia-boss| title = Empurau as national fish, breeder suggests to Tourism Malaysia boss {{!}} The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Conservation issues for mahseer==<br /> Translocation movements of mahseer within India have been happening since the 1850s, at least.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186193 |title = The journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|publisher = Bombay Natural History Society|year = 1951| volume=50 }}&lt;/ref&gt; During this period, the integrity and identity of species was poorly understood, which may have caused unintentional issues of [[Hybridisation (biology)|Hybridisation]] between species or competition from [[Invasive species]].<br /> <br /> Among the best documented areas where fish movements have been used for reasons of improving angling sport, or attempting to augment declining stocks are the [[Lakes of Kumaon hills]]. The Kumaon lakes in Uttarakhand, [[Bhimtal Lake]], [[Nainital Lake]], [[Naukuchiatal|Naukuchiatal Lake]] and [[Sattal|Sattal Lake]], were stocked with mahseer in 1858 by Sir H. Ramsey, with stock brought from the rivers [[Gaula River (India)|Gaula]] and [[Sharda River|Kali]]. According to Walker in his 'Angling in the Kumaon Lakes', the Bhimtal stocking was less successful, until a second batch of fish were introduced in 1878.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Walker, W.|title=Angling in the Kumaun Lakes: With a Map of the Kumaun Lake Country|isbn=978-1-01-902594-9 |year=1888|publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC }}{{Page needed|date=April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Dr Raj, Fisheries Development Officer in United Provinces, in his 1945 report on the decline of mahseer stocks in the lakes says:<br /> &quot;From all reports these isolated lakes had hardly any fish in them before the introduction of mahseer.&quot;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/PINSA/Vol11_1945_3_Art16.pdf |title=The decline of the Mahser fisheries of the Kumaon lakes and a possible remedy |author=B. Sundara Raj |date=1945 |via=[[Indian National Science Academy]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> This is clearly a misunderstanding of the history of mahseer in the lakes, as Walker earlier says:<br /> {{blockquote|text=When I first angled in Nainital Lake, in 1863 and 1864, there were comparatively few large mahsir in it; there were shoals of the lake fish ''(Barbus Chilinoides)'' and many small trout ''(Barilius Bola)''. A morning's catch would include a couple of small mahsir, eight or nine 'lake-fish' and two or three trout. Gradually the mahsir have reduced the numbers of the other fish until it is a rare circumstance to catch a 'lake-fish' with the fly, and I have not for many years seen a single trout, although I heard of one being caught last year by a troller.|author=Walker, W.|title=Angling in the Kumaun Lakes: With a Map of the Kumaun Lake Country (1888)}}<br /> The inference must be that the introductions of mahseer into the lakes caused the unexpected decline of several native fish stocks, either due to competition, or by direct predation and that the earlier fish stocks were notable.<br /> <br /> &lt;br /&gt;<br /> In [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Tor putitora|golden mahseer]] is depleting at a fast rate from the state even though it was categorised as an endangered species by the National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources as early as 1992.<br /> <br /> In common with most areas within the geographic range of mahseers, the factors leading to this situation are mainly anthropogenic distortion of rivers due to the construction of river valley projects, multipurpose dams, shrinking habitat, poaching and other stock exploitation, and widespread introduction of invasive species.&lt;ref&gt;Nishikant Gupta &amp; Mark Everard (2019) Non-native fishes in the Indian Himalaya: an emerging concern for freshwater scientists, International Journal of River Basin Management, 17:2, 271–275, DOI: 10.1080/15715124.2017.1411929&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;br /&gt;<br /> Intentional stocking of mahseers in the trans-Himalayan region have been taking place for several years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.dcfr.res.in/user_upload/77_noticeDCFRwebsite.pdf |title=Mahseer Seed Ranching in Teesta River of Sikkim on World Environment Day (5th June, 2017) |via=Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has been reported that the Teesta River in Sikkim and West Bengal has been stocked with hundreds of thousands of [[golden mahseer]] every year since at least 2014 in a drive to promote angling in the region.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/gta-push-to-angling-tourism-with-golden-mahseer-hill-body-to-promote-fishing-in-teesta-and-rangit-with-help-from-tour-conductors-and-uk-organisation/cid/1581070 | title=GTA push to angling tourism with golden mahseer – Hill body to promote fishing in Teesta and Rangit with help from tour conductors and UK organisation}}&lt;/ref&gt; That the fish stocks continue to decline &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://sikkimforest.gov.in/Reports%20and%20Publications/Biodiveristy-of-Sikkim/12%20Fish_221-232%20web.pdf |title=Fish Biodiversity as an Indicator of Riverine Status of Sikkim |author1=Saroj Toppo |author2=H. Rahman |author3=N. Haque |website=sikkimforest.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | url=https://scinapse.io/papers/2461900486 |title = Endangered Golden mahseer Tor putitora Hamilton: A review of natural history &amp;#124; Scinapse &amp;#124; Academic search engine for paper| journal=Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries | date=14 November 2015 | doi=10.1007/s11160-015-9409-7 | last1=Bhatt | first1=J. P. | last2=Pandit | first2=Maharaj K. | url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; suggests that the policy needs to be reviewed and more efforts devoted to improving habitat as the first priority.<br /> <br /> ==Revision of all mahseer species==<br /> In May 2019, Mahseer Trust and collaborators published a major revision paper.&lt;ref name=Pinder2019 /&gt; This paper includes the latest IUCN Red Listing status and validity of 16 species of the Tor genus. Following this publication, fresh impetus into understanding the ecology of wild populations and establishing more secure species identities will allow coherent conservation programmes to be enacted, and fish currently listed Data Deficient to be accorded with relevant threat status.<br /> <br /> ==Conferences==<br /> Over several decades, concerned organisations have arranged conferences to debate issues around mahseer conservation. Among the early events was the Kuala Lumpur Conference of 2005, and in 2014, WWF-India convened a forum in Delhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261852139 |last1=Babu |first1=Suresh |last2=Behera |first2=Sandeep |last3=Nautiyal |first3=Prakash |date=2014-04-25 |title=MAhseer Conservation In India Status, Challenges And The Way Forward Working Together To Help Protect The World's Freshwater Resources |via=[[ResearchGate]]}} &lt;/ref&gt; Both of these events looked at many issues specific to mahseer, and typical outputs included measures to investigate greater understanding of mahseer ecology.<br /> <br /> In 2017, Mahseer Trust convened a different kind of event, by including representatives to discuss all aspects of both the fish and the river habitat in which they live. This unique conference included sessions aired live on social media, with a final question and answer session reaching 6,000 viewers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/news/2017-04-20/mahseer-conference-outlines-new-strategies-conservation-iconic-fish |title = Mahseer conference outlines new strategies for conservation of iconic fish}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> December 2018 saw the First International Conference, in Paro, Bhutan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=http://mahseerconference.org/ |title = Mahseer Conference – IMC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mahseerconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/IMC-FULL-CONFERENCE-BOOK.pdf |title=International Mahseer Conference 2018 |website=mahseerconference.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Among the many recommendations were increased research into the ecology of wild mahseer and ensuring artificial breeding of mahseer is done under strict control using IUCN guidelines.<br /> <br /> IMC2 was held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in February 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://mahseerconference.com/Conference-master/ |title=2nd International Mahseer Conference |access-date=2019-12-17 |archive-date=2019-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217084351/http://mahseerconference.com/Conference-master/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Roundtable workshops on the final day agreed to produce outputs, including papers, white paper proposals and outreach media, in the following areas of concern: <br /> * What is a mahseer? Considering taxonomy.<br /> * Value of recreational angling. Setting standards.<br /> * Impacts of invasive species. Ways to ensure enforcement.<br /> * Developing outreach and education. To share messages and programmes.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Other sources==<br /> * Nautiyal, Prakash, ed. 1994. ''Mahseer: The Game Fish.'' Natural History, Status and Conservation Practices in India and Nepal. Rachna.<br /> * Silas, E. G., Gopalakrishnan, A., John, L., and Shaji, C. P.. 2005. Genetic identity of ''Tor malabaricus '' (Jerdon) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) as revealed by RAPD markers.'' Indian journal of fish. 52(2): 125–140.''<br /> * Rainboth, W. J. 1985. ''Neolissochilus'', a new group of South Asia ''Cyprinid'' fishes. Beaufortia. 35(3): 25–35.<br /> * Mirza, M. R., and Javed, M. N. 1985. ''A note on Mahseer of Pakistan with the description of ''Naziritor'', a new subgenus (Pisces: Cyprinidae).'' Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 17: 225–227.<br /> * Arunkumar; &amp; Ch. Basudha. 2003. ''Tor barakae'', a new species of mahseer fish (''Cyprinidae: Cyprininae'') from Manipur, India.'' Aquacult. 4(2): 271–276.''<br /> * Ambak, M.A., Ashraf, A.H. and Budin, S. 2007. Conservation of the Malaysian Mahseer in Nenggiri Basin through Community Action. In: Mahseer, The Biology, Culture and Conservation. Malaysian Fisheries Society Occasional Publication No.14, Kuala Lumpur 2007:217–228<br /> *National Agricultural Technology Project, 2004. Germplasm inventory, evaluation and gene banking of freshwater fishes. World Bank funded Project MM, No: 27/28/98/NATP/MM-III, 18–32p. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow India.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Mahseer}}<br /> {{NIE Poster|year=1905|Mahaseer}}<br /> *{{FishBase valid species list|Tor}}<br /> *{{FishBase valid species list|Neolissochilus}}<br /> *{{FishBase valid species list|Naziritor}}<br /> * http://www.mahseertrust.org<br /> * [http://www.india-angling.com/ Golden Mahseer]<br /> * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071014103055/http://indianangler.com/viewforum.php?f=1 Mahseer information]}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100106014558/http://www.mahseerangling.com/ Deccan Mahseer]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110624063132/http://www.mahseerresearchcentre.com/ Mahseer Research Centre – India]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fish of Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Cyprininae]]<br /> [[Category:Fish common names]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of India]]<br /> [[Category:Fish in heraldry]]<br /> <br /> [[bn:মহাশোল]]<br /> [[id:Semah]]<br /> [[lt:Pailgažvyniai]]<br /> [[ml:കുയിൽ മീൻ]]<br /> [[ms:Ikan Kelah]]<br /> [[ne:सहर (माछा)]]<br /> [[pnb:معاشیر]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Sidhique&diff=484954 2026-03-06T21:23:19Z

<p>Sameer481: made new article from scratch!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian film actor and screenwriter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Ahmed Sidhique<br /> |image = <br /> | native_name =<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India&lt;ref name=&quot;ahmed&quot;/&gt;<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[Screenwriter]]}}<br /> | years_active = 2009 – present<br /> | parents = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ahmed Sidhique''' is an Indian actor and writer who mainly works in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]]. <br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> He debuted in 2009 by penning the screenplay for [[Uday Ananthan]]'s ''Mrityunjayam'' which is the fourth segment in the movie ''[[Kerala Cafe]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ahmed&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-23/news-interviews/30193610_1_gangster-mammootty-schoolmate| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126044713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-23/news-interviews/30193610_1_gangster-mammootty-schoolmate| url-status=dead| archive-date=2013-01-26| work=[[The Times of India]]| title=Ahmed Sidhique to write for Gangster| date=2011-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was noted for the role of K. T. Mirash in the movie ''[[Salt N' Pepper]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=KT Mirash is a scribe too! - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know-/KT-Mirash-is-a-scribe-too/articleshow/45688913.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also played the role of a close aide of Nivin Pauly in the movie ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]''. He has written the screenplay for the [[Aashiq Abu]] directed movie ''[[Gangster (2014 film)|Gangster]]'' starring [[Mammootty]].<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> <br /> ===As an actor===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || ''[[Salt N' Pepper]]'' || K. T. Mirash ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]'' || Mustafa ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''[[Left Right Left (film)|Left Right Left]]'' || Jason Fernandez ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''[[Praise the Lord (film)|Praise the Lord]]'' || Samkutty ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2015 || ''[[You Too Brutus (film)|You Too Brutus]]'' || Arun ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[KL 10 Patthu]]'' || Roshan alias Kunjany ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[White (2016 film)|White]]'' || Georgy ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | 2019 || ''[[Kakshi: Amminippilla]]'' || Shajith Kumar 'Amminippilla' ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Manoharam (2019 film)|Manoharam]]'' || Vijay ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || ''[[Cherukkanum Pennum]]'' || || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=സംവിധാനം പ്രദീപ് നായര്‍; 'ചെറുക്കനും പെണ്ണും' ഒക്ടോബർ 31 ന് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/cherukkanum-pennum-malayalam-movie-to-be-released-on-october-31-articleshow-28gd2e2 |work=[[Asianet News]] |access-date=7 November 2025 |date=16 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===As screenwriter===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Direction<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 2009<br /> | ''Mrityunjayam'' Segment in ''[[Kerala Cafe]]''<br /> | [[Uday Ananthan]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2014<br /> | ''[[Gangster (2014 film)|Gangster]]''<br /> | [[Aashiq Abu]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Short films===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |- <br /> ! Year !! Title !! Character !!Director<br /> |-<br /> || 2016 || ''Thavidupodi Jeevitham''|| Satheeshan ||Mithun Chandran<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|id=3843863|name=Ahmed Sidhique}}<br /> *[https://twitter.com/ahmedsidhique Twitter Account]<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sidhique, Ahmed}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:Screenwriters from Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male voice actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohabbath_(2011_film)&diff=459403 2026-03-03T20:50:22Z

<p>Sameer481: general refined page per sources further and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Mohabbath<br /> | image = Mohabbath.jpg<br /> <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Film poster<br /> | director = [[East Coast Vijayan]]<br /> | producer = [[East Coast Vijayan]]<br /> | writer = Siddique Shameer<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''Kalippavakal''|Siddique Shameer}}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Meera Jasmine]]<br /> | music = [[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]]&lt;br /&gt;K. A. Latheef<br /> | cinematography = [[Jibu Jacob]]<br /> | editing = P. C. Mohanan<br /> | studio = East Coast Communications<br /> | distributor = East Coast Release&lt;br /&gt;Real Entertainments<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|4|28}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross =<br /> }}<br /> '''''Mohabbath''''' ({{Translation|Love}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[romance film]] directed and produced by [[East Coast Vijayan]]. It was written by Siddique Shameer based on his novel ''Kalippavakal''. The film stars [[Meera Jasmine]], [[Munna (actor)|Munna]] and Anand Michael. The film features music by [[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]], who makes his comeback through this film. Renowned singer [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] appears as himself in a song sequence while [[Roma (actress)|Roma]] does a cameo role.<br /> <br /> The film concerns a love triangle between characters played by Meera Jasmine, Anand Michael and Munna. It reached theatres on 28 April.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Meera Jasmine]] as Sajna<br /> * Anand Michael as Anwar<br /> * [[Munna (actor)|Munna]] as Ameer<br /> * [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Rasheed Haji<br /> * [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Beerankutty<br /> * [[Salim Kumar]]<br /> * [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]<br /> * [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]] as Subair<br /> * [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Kabeer <br /> * [[P. Sreekumar]] as Salim<br /> * Beyon<br /> * [[Shari (actress)|Shari]]<br /> * [[Urmila Unni]]<br /> * [[Lakshmi Priya]]<br /> * Niranjan<br /> * Nobi<br /> * Arun<br /> * Ajith<br /> * Thejas<br /> * Master Jeevan<br /> * Sadhana<br /> * [[Ambika Mohan]]<br /> * Gayathri<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> <br /> The pooja of the film was held at East Coast Studio, [[Thiruvananthapuram]], on 12 November 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mohabbaththemovie.com/latest-news/70-pooja-of-mohabbath &quot;Pooja of Mohabath&quot;]{{dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; The song recording was completed on 22 November 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mohabbaththemovie.com/latest-news/71-mohabbath-songs-recording-completed &quot;Mohabbath Songs Recording completed&quot;]{{dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; The shooting of the film began at Vazhakala, [[Ernakulam]], on 10 December 2010. Singer [[K. G. Jayan]] performed the camera switch-on ceremony.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mohabbaththemovie.com/latest-news/72-mohabbaths-shooting-begins-at-eranakulam &quot;Mohabbath's shooting begins at Ernakulam&quot;]{{dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; The production was completed in February 2011.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mohabbaththemovie.com/latest-news/75-mohabbaths-successful-completion-of-50-days-shooting &quot;Mohabbath's successful completion of 50 days&quot;]{{dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> Music: [[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]], K. A. Latheef; Lyrics: [[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]]<br /> <br /> #&quot;Atharu Peyyana&quot; — [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] &amp; [[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]]<br /> #&quot;Ente Padachavane&quot; — [[Shankar Mahadevan]] &amp; Afsal<br /> #&quot;Thennalin Kaikal&quot; — Hariharan &amp; Manjari<br /> #&quot;Chantham Thikanjoru&quot; — [[Jyotsna Radhakrishnan|Jyotsna]]<br /> #&quot;Kanakalipiyil&quot; — [[Unni Menon]]<br /> #&quot;Thayimani Mulle&quot; — [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]<br /> #&quot;Atharu Peyyana&quot; — Manjari &amp; [[M. G. Sreekumar]]<br /> #&quot;Chantham Thikanjoru&quot; — Afsal<br /> #&quot;Atharu Peyyana&quot; (Remix) — Hariharan &amp; Manjari<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Official website|http://www.mohabbaththemovie.com/}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110119222531/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=8245555&amp;programId=1073752864&amp;channelId=-1073751205&amp;BV_ID=@@@&amp;tabId=4 S. Balakrishnan touch again]. ''[[Malayala Manorama]]''. (In [[Malayalam]]). Retrieved 2011-02-27.<br /> * http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=8635995&amp;programId=1073752866&amp;BV_ID=@@@<br /> <br /> [[Category:2011 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romance films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by S. Balakrishnan (composer)]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chirunavvutho&diff=494309 2026-03-03T18:03:51Z

<p>Sameer481: made details</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2000 Indian Telugu-language film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Chirunavvutho<br /> | image = Chirunavvutho.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | director = G. Ram Prasad<br /> | producer = Venkata Syam Prasad<br /> | writer = '''Screenplay''':&lt;br/&gt;G. Ram Prasad&lt;br/&gt;'''Story''' &amp; '''Dialogues''':&lt;br/&gt;[[Trivikram Srinivas]]<br /> | starring = [[Venu Thottempudi|Venu]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Shaheen Khan (Indian actress)|Shaheen Khan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Prakash Raj]]<br /> | music = [[Mani Sharma]]<br /> | cinematography = K. Prasad<br /> | studio = [[SP Entertainments]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2000|11|10|df=yes}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Chirunavvutho''''' ({{translation|With a Smile}})&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2012 |title=Tollywood takes divine path with its themes |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2012/may/06/tollywood-takes-divine-path-with-its-themes-365390.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705224540/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2012/may/06/tollywood-takes-divine-path-with-its-themes-365390.html |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a 2000 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film directed by G. Ram Prasad, with a story written by [[Trivikram Srinivas]]. The film stars [[Venu Thottempudi|Venu]], debutante [[Shaheen Khan (Indian actress)|Shaheen Khan]], [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]], and [[Prakash Raj]]. The music for the film was composed by Mani Sharma. Upon release, ''Chirunavvutho'' became a commercial success.<br /> <br /> The film won three [[Nandi Awards]], including [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]. It was later remade into [[Kannada]] as ''[[Premakke Sai]]'' (2001) and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]'' (2002), with Shaheen reprising her role in both remakes. The film was also unofficially remade in Hindi as ''[[Muskurake Dekh Zara]]'' (2010).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muskurake Dekh Zara review. Muskurake Dekh Zara Bollywood movie review, story, rating |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/muskurake-dekh-zara-hindi-movie-review-12145.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111209/https://www.indiaglitz.com/muskurake-dekh-zara-hindi-movie-review-12145.html |archive-date=6 May 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The story revolves around Venu, who is an orphan and a talented chef. His philosophy is to live happily with a positive attitude all the time. His maternal uncle wants to marry him with his daughter Aruna. Aruna runs away from the house during the marriage by discriminating against him as a low life chef, and he cannot be suitable for her.<br /> <br /> Venu goes to the city to find a job in restaurants. There, he meets Sandhya. During a New Year's party, her soft drinks glass was adulterated with alcohol and she was about to be raped. Then Venu saves her from the rogues who had tried to rape her. Later, Sandhya becomes close to Venu, and both of them are fond of each other. During her birthday party, she introduces Pratap to Venu and announces that she will soon marry him, and then Venu becomes upset. When asked about his disappointment, Venu proposes to Sandhya, for which she politely declines his proposal. Venu takes the rejection in a positive way, but being straightforward, Venu believes that Sandhya still loves him. Then, he pursues his quest for the love of Sandhya. Meanwhile, Sandhya observes the characters of selfish and self-centered Pratap and optimistic and selfless Venu.<br /> <br /> Venu receives a call from a police station where Aruna was saved by the police when she attempted suicide. Then Aruna reveals to Venu that her lover cheated her after elopement, having no hope she was thinking what to do before the tank bund, but the police misunderstood her and arrested her for attempting suicide. Venu makes her confident and returns her to his home and heals her emotional wounds, and then Venu's friends suggest marrying now reformed Aruna, but Venu rejects it by saying that he has sympathy on Aruna not love and that he would take care of her as a good friend. Aruna also supports his decision. Sandhya observes Venu through these circumstances and starts to admire Venu and befriends Aruna.<br /> <br /> Later, it is revealed that Pratap is Aruna's lover who cheated her for the sake of Sandhya's property. Then he secretly meets Aruna and supports his decision to cheat her by saying that he would find a better life than her by marrying Sandhya, just like how she had discriminated against her cousin Venu, and he proposes to Aruna to &quot;keep her&quot; out of wedlock. Then furious Aruna slaps Pratap and warns him not to reenter her life. Then Venu, who listened to all of this standing in the back door, appreciates Aruna for her courage and warns Pratap for his misbehaviour. Then opportunistic Pratap makes mends with both that they do not ruin his marriage with Sandhya. Then Venu confidently accepts it and predicts that Sandhya will leave Pratap soon and bang him out from his house.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Sandhya, caught in confusion between both of them, asks her mother about her definition of love. Her mother advises: &quot;It's better to marry a person who loves you than marrying a person whom you love.&quot;<br /> <br /> Those words changed the mind and heart of Sandhya, and she decided to accept Venu's proposal. Then Sandhya turns a runaway bride and goes to Venu's house to ask his hand for marriage. But Venu, who has his own attitude and wisdom, makes Sandhya confident and return her to the wedding. <br /> <br /> Then Venu talks with Pratap in private and blackmails him that he would receive nothing if his past relationship with Aruna is revealed. Then he offers a cheque of 1 crore rupees to Pratap for dropping out of wedding (which was previously given to him by Sandhya's father to forget his daughter). Pratap graciously accepts the amount. Then Venu and Sandhya marry with the support of Pratap, while Sandhya's father, with no option left, becomes a silent spectator at the wedding. <br /> <br /> Later, Pratap lies to Sandhya's father that Venu emotionally blackmailed him so he would kill himself if he couldn't marry Sandhya and that's why to support his true love, he had sacrificed Sandhya to him. Then Sandhya's father, impressed with his attitude and tells him that if he had another daughter then he would've betrothed her to him and the film ends when Sandhya's father says to Pratap that he canceled the cheque which he had given to Venu in front of jaw-dropped Pratap.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Venu Thottempudi|Venu]] as Venu<br /> *[[Shaheen Khan (Indian actress)|Shaheen Khan]] as Sandhya<br /> *[[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] as Aruna<br /> *[[Prakash Raj]] as Pratap<br /> *[[Giri Babu]] as Sandhya's father<br /> *[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Venu's uncle<br /> *[[Mamilla Shailaja Priya|Priya]] as Priya<br /> *[[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Sunil, Venu's roommate<br /> *[[L. B. Sriram]] as Venu's roommate<br /> *[[Brahmanandam]] <br /> *[[M. S. Narayana]]<br /> *[[Gundu Sudarshan]] <br /> *[[Nutan Prasad]] <br /> *[[Ananth Babu]]<br /> *[[Sudha (actress) | Sudha]]<br /> *[[Annapurna (actress)|Annapurna]]<br /> *[[Sangeetha (Telugu actress) | Sangeetha]]<br /> *[[Rajitha]]<br /> * Vajja Venkata Giridhar as Venu's friend<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film was initially titled as ''Chirunavvu'' ({{Translation|smile}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;S&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 July 2000 |title=''Chirunavvu'' Shot in Canada|url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/20000811/rsets.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001119003500/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/20000811/rsets.htm |archive-date=19 November 2000 |access-date=13 November 2018 |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A few scenes were inspired by the 1997 Italian film ''[[Life Is Beautiful]]''. Three songs were shot in Canada.&lt;ref name=&quot;S&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Chirunavvutho<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Mani Sharma]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = <br /> | recorded = [[Mani Sharma]]<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = <br /> | length = <br /> | label = [[Aditya Music]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = <br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = <br /> | next_year = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The music of the film was composed by [[Mani Sharma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.telugufm.com/modules/music/moviedetail.aspx?mid=10107 |title=Chirunavvutho Songs - Listen Chirunavvutho Telugu Movie Songs |accessdate=27 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120914054033/http://www.telugufm.com/modules/music/moviedetail.aspx?mid=10107 |archivedate=14 September 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !S. No.!! Song title!! Singers!! Lyricist<br /> |-<br /> | 1|| &quot;Andam Nee Pera&quot; || [[Udit Narayan]], Prasanna||[[Bhuvana Chandra]] <br /> |-<br /> | 2|| &quot;Hoyyare Hoyyare&quot; ||[[Shankar Mahadevan]]|| Bhuvana Chandra<br /> |-<br /> | 3|| &quot;Kanulu Kalisaaye&quot; ||[[K. S. Chitra|K. S. Chithra]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]|| Bhuvana Chandra <br /> |-<br /> | 4|| &quot;Ninnala Monnala&quot; ||[[S. P. B. Charan]]||[[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]]<br /> |-<br /> | 5|| &quot;Santhosam Sagam&quot; || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]||Sirivennela Sitaramasastri<br /> |-<br /> | 6|| &quot;Sonare Sonare&quot; ||K. S. Chithra, Shankar Mahadevan|| Bhuvana Chandra<br /> |-<br /> | 7|| &quot;Chirunavvutho&quot; ||S. P. Balasubrahmanyam||Sirivennela Sitaramasastri <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film four out of five stars and wrote, &quot;Treatment and the dialogues are the highlights of this film&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-chirunavvuto.html |title=Movie review - Chiru Navvutho |work= [[Idlebrain.com]] |access-date=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915101315/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-chirunavvuto.html |archive-date=15 September 2017 |url-status=live|last=Jeevi|date=10 November 2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic for ''Andhra Today'' wrote, &quot;Trivikram's story and dialogue deserve full honours. Unlike run-of-the-mill love stories, the writer has given a good story which will be acclaimed even by critics. Dialogues provide a smooth-sail entertainment and one gets the feeling that the movie got over too soon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chirunavvutho |url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/chirunavvuto.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010619224328/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/chirunavvuto.htm |archive-date=19 June 2001 |access-date=24 December 2024 |website=Andhra Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic for ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote, &quot;The theme is good and it is handled well&quot; but added that &quot;Venu, with his wooden expression, disappoints. Watch this film if you have nothing else to do&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/chirunavvutho/telugu/chirunavvutho-movie-reviews-225-2.html?sort=positive|title=Chirunavvutho Review|work=Full Hyderabad|access-date=26 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226063640/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/chirunavvutho/telugu/chirunavvutho-movie-reviews-225-2.html?sort=positive|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> ;[[Nandi Awards| Nandi Awards 2000]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information &amp; Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-date=23 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film - Gold]] - P. V. Syam Prasad<br /> * [[Nandi Award for Best First Film of a Director|Best First Film of a Director]] - G. Ramprasad<br /> * [[Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer|Best Screenplay]] - G. Ramprasad<br /> <br /> ;[[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]]<br /> * [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director]] - [[Mani Sharma]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|1575520}}<br /> <br /> {{Trivikram Srinivas}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2000 films]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]<br /> [[Category:2000 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2000 comedy-drama films]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darab_Jehangir_Jussawala&diff=495568 2026-02-14T02:14:59Z

<p>Sameer481: made post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian oncologist and medical writer}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Darab Jehangir Jussawala<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1915|04|13}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], British India<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1999|01|29|1915|04|13}}<br /> | death_place = India<br /> | occupation = Oncologist<br /> | yearsactive = 1948–1999<br /> | known for = Cancer care<br /> | spouse = Gertrude Darab<br /> | parents = Jehangir Bezonjee Jussawala&lt;br&gt;Shirinbai<br /> | awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]&lt;br&gt;Dhanwantari Award&lt;br&gt;[[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] Raja Ravi Shersingh of Kalsia Memorial Award<br /> }}<br /> '''Darab Jehangir Jussawala''' (1915–1999)&lt;ref name=&quot;D. J. Jussawalla – An obituary&quot;/&gt; was an Indian medical-cum-surgical oncologist, medical writer and the director of [[Tata Memorial Centre]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dr. D.J.Jussawalla&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://tmc.gov.in/index.php/aboutus/past-directors/159-past-directors/291-dr-d-j-jussawalla | title=Dr. D.J.Jussawalla | publisher=Tata Memorial Centre | date=2016 | access-date=27 April 2016 | archive-date=28 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428150204/https://tmc.gov.in/index.php/aboutus/past-directors/159-past-directors/291-dr-d-j-jussawalla | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the co-founder of [[Indian Cancer Society]], along with [[Naval Tata]] in 1951,&lt;ref name=&quot;Profile&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.indiancancersociety.org/about-ics/ics-profile.aspx | title=Profile | publisher=Indian Cancer Society | date=2016 | access-date=27 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the founder of the Indian Cancer Rehabilitation Centre in [[Parel]], [[Mumbai]], in 1956, the first such centre in India and the largest in Asia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N830352 | title=Deceased Fellows | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | access-date=27 April 2016 | url-status=usurped | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812215841/http://insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N830352 | archive-date=12 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He served as the director of ''Lady Ratan Tata Medical and Research Center'' and as the honorary consultant at two Mumbai hospitals, [[Breach Candy Hospital]] and [[Jaslok Hospital]].{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} An elected fellow of the [[Royal Society of Medicine]], [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], [[Indian National Science Academy]] and the [[American College of Surgeons]], he was a recipient of the Dhanwantari Award as well as several Oration Awards.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt; The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1975, for his contributions to Medicine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Padma Awards&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2016 |access-date=3 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> Darab Jussawala was born on 13 April 1915&lt;ref name=&quot;D. J. Jussawalla – An obituary&quot;/&gt; to Jehangir Bezonjee Jussawalla and Shirinbai in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], in the western Indian state of [[Maharashtra]] and graduated in medicine in 1938 from [[Bombay University]] after which he secured a master's degree from the same university in 1942.&lt;ref name=&quot;D. J. Jussawalla – An obituary&quot;/&gt; Subsequently, he obtained the Fellowship of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]] in medical and surgical oncology&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt; and started his career as a surgeon at [[Tata Memorial Hospital]] in 1948, becoming one of the first surgical oncologists in the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;D. J. Jussawalla – An obituary&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sept25/articles31.htm | title=D. J. Jussawalla – An obituary | publisher=Indian Institute of Science | date=2016 | access-date=27 April 2016 | archive-date=14 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514033232/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sept25/articles31.htm | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He served the institution as a surgeon till 1973 when he became the director of the hospital, a post he held till 1980 after which he served as a professor of oncology till 1983 and continued his association with the hospital till 1986. In 1986, he moved to ''Lady Ratan Tata Medical and Research Center'', but was associated with [[Breach Candy Hospital]] and [[Jaslok Hospital]] as a consultant oncologist.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}<br /> <br /> In 1951, with the assistance of [[Naval Tata]], Jussawala founded Indian Cancer Society, the first non-profit organization for fighting the disease of cancer and served as its founder secretary from 1953.&lt;ref name=&quot;From the Desk of Honorary Secretary and Managing Trustee&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | url=http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?cn05001 | title=From the Desk of Honorary Secretary and Managing Trustee | author=Kurkure Arun | journal=Indian Journal of Cancer | date=January 2005 | volume=42 | issue=1 | doi=10.4103/0019-509X.15092 | hdl=1807/5312 | doi-access=free | hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Five years later, under the aegis of the society, he established the ''Indian Cancer Rehabilitation Centre'', the first centre for the rehabilitation of cancer patients in India, which was also the largest of its kind in Asia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt; It was again under the scope of services of the Indian Cancer Society that he contributed research data to the first ''Population-based Cancer Registry'' in 1963, the same year as he founded the ''Indian Journal of Cancer'', followed by the establishment of a comprehensive cancer rehabilitation centre in 1968.&lt;ref name=&quot;Memorials&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.indiancancersociety.org/about-ics/memorials.aspx | title=Memorials | publisher=Indian Cancer Society | date=2016 | access-date=27 April 2016 | archive-date=16 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516233755/http://www.indiancancersociety.org/about-ics/memorials.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The ''Indian Association of Surgical Oncology (IASO)'' (1977) and the ''Lady Ratan Tata Medical and Research Center'' (1984) were also reportedly established by Jussawala&lt;ref name=&quot;Memorials&quot; /&gt; and he was credited with the establishment of the first cytology laboratory and the first chemotherapy facility in India, both at [[Tata Memorial Centre]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt; He served as a member of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) Expert Committee on Cancer and as the corresponding Fellow of [[Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland]]. He was also a member of the Association of Surgeons of India and the Chief Editor of the ''Indian Journal of Cancer''. The ''Handbook of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer'' is a textbook on oncology published by him in 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt; Besides, he published several medical articles published in peer reviewed journals&lt;ref name=&quot;Browse by Fellow&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Jussawalla=3ADarab_Jehangir=3A=3A.html | title=Browse by Fellow | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences Publications | date=2016 | access-date=28 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and his writings have been cited in many oncological texts.&lt;ref name=&quot;GuptaHamner1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Prakash C. Gupta|author2=James E. Hamner|title=Control of Tobacco-related Cancers and Other Diseases: Proceedings of an International Symposium, January 15-19, 1990, TIFR, Bombay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Zqo67BjH7UC&amp;pg=PA146|year=1992|publisher=Prakash C. Gupta|isbn=978-0-19-562961-3|pages=146–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SchwemmleAigner2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=K. Schwemmle|author2=K. Aigner|title=Vascular Perfusion in Cancer Therapy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFoyBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT38|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-82025-0|pages=38–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hurt2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Raymond L. Hurt|title=Management of Oesophageal Carcinoma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8x9BwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA53|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-1-4471-3153-3|pages=53–}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jusswala died on 29 January 1999, survived by his wife, Gertrude.&lt;ref name=&quot;D. J. Jussawalla – An obituary&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> == Awards and honours ==<br /> The [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] elected Jussawala as their fellow in 1966&lt;ref name=&quot;Founder Fellows&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://nams-india.in/downloads/obit.pdf | title=Founder Fellows | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=26 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and two other Indian science academies, the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fellow profile&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Jussawalla,_Dr_Darab_Jehangir | title=Fellow profile | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=28 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Indian National Science Academy]] followed suit by electing him as a fellow in 1975 and 1983 respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt; He was also a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Medicine]] and the [[American College of Surgeons]]. He delivered several award orations and Dr. Munsiff Oration Award (1968), Dr. Ernest Borges Oration Award (1974), Dr. Bhansali Oration Award (1975), Dr. B. C. Roy Memorial Oration Award (1976), Dr. N. C. Joshi Memorial Oration Award (1977), Mrs. Vimla Shah Oration Award (1979) and Sandoz Oration Award (1983) are some of the notable ones.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR) awarded him the ''Raja Ravi Shersingh of Kalsia Memorial Award'' in 1971&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt; and the Government of India included him the [[Indian honours system|Republic Day Honours]] list for the civilian award of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1975.&lt;ref name=&quot;Padma Awards&quot; /&gt; He was also a recipient of the annual award (1981) of the Danwanthari Foundation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased Fellows&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{portal|India|Medicine}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jussawala, Darab Jehangir}}<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]<br /> [[Category:1915 births]]<br /> [[Category:1999 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]<br /> [[Category:Indian oncologists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian medical academics]]<br /> [[Category:Indian medical writers]]<br /> [[Category:World Health Organization officials]]<br /> [[Category:Medical doctors from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]<br /> [[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century science writers]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vivek_Kundra&diff=545053 2026-02-13T00:31:43Z

<p>Sameer481: Created New Entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|American government official}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Vivek Kundra<br /> | image = Vivek-kundra-2.jpg<br /> | office = 1st [[Chief Information Officer of the United States]]<br /> | president = [[Barack Obama]]<br /> | term_start = March 5, 2009<br /> | term_end = August 4, 2011<br /> | predecessor = [[Karen S. Evans|Karen Evans]] {{small|(Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government and Information Technology)}}<br /> | successor = [[Steven VanRoekel]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|10|9}}<br /> | birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | education = [[University of Maryland, College Park]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])&lt;br&gt;[[University of Maryland University College|University of Maryland, University College]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])<br /> }}<br /> '''Vivek Kundra''' (born October 9, 1974) is an American former administrator who served as the first [[chief information officer of the United States]] from March, 2009 to August, 2011 under President [[Barack Obama]].&lt;ref name=&quot;whitehouse.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Names-Vivek-Kundra-Chief-Information-Officer/|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|title=President Obama Names Vivek Kundra Chief Information Officer|date=5 March 2009|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|access-date=2009-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is currently Chief Operating Officer at [[the Trade Desk]], a provider of advertising technology software based in New York City. He was the chief operating officer at [[Sprinklr]], a provider of enterprise customer experience management software based in New York City. He was previously a visiting [[Fellow]] at [[Harvard University]].&lt;ref name=&quot;transition&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/06/16/our-nation-s-first-federal-cio/|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|title=Our Nation's First Federal CIO|date=16 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He previously served in [[Mayor of the District of Columbia|D.C. mayor]] [[Adrian Fenty]]'s cabinet as the District's chief technology officer and in [[Governor of Virginia|Virginia governor]] [[Tim Kaine]]'s cabinet as Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Technology.<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Kundra was born in [[New Delhi]], India, on October 9, 1974. He moved to [[Tanzania]] with his family at the age of one, when his father joined a group of professors and teachers to provide education to local residents. Kundra learned [[Swahili language|Swahili]] as his first language, in addition to [[Hindi]] and English. His family moved to the [[Washington, D.C.]] metropolitan area when he was eleven.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news<br /> |author = Hart, Kim<br /> |date = 2009-01-04<br /> |title = D.C.'s Kinetic Tech Czar<br /> |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/04/AR2009010401235_3.html<br /> |newspaper = Washington Post<br /> |access-date = 2009-03-05<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sorensen Institute for Political Leadership [http://www.sorenseninstitute.org/newsroom/entry/political-leaders-2007-profile-vivek-kundra &quot;Political Leaders 2007 Profile: Vivek Kundra&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208172151/http://sorenseninstitute.org/newsroom/entry/political-leaders-2007-profile-vivek-kundra |date=2009-02-08 }}, University of Virginia&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kundra attended college at the [[University of Maryland, College Park]], where he received a [[Bachelor of Science|degree]] in psychology. He earned a [[Master of Science|master's degree]] in information technology, from the [[University of Maryland University College]]. Additionally, he is a graduate of the [[University of Virginia]]'s Sorensen Institute for Political Leadership.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal<br /> |author = Gourley, Bob<br /> |date = 2009-02-03<br /> |title = Vivek Kundra: The Alpha CTO<br /> |url = http://ctovision.com/2009/02/vivek-kundra-the-alpha-cto<br /> |publisher = CTOVision.com<br /> |access-date = 2009-11-09<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Kundra is currently the chief operating officer at [[Sprinklr]], a provider of enterprise customer experience management software based in NYC.<br /> <br /> Previously, Kundra served as director of Infrastructure Technology for [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington County]], Virginia, starting September 11, 2001.<br /> <br /> Governor [[Tim Kaine]] appointed Kundra in January 2006 to the post of Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Technology for Virginia, the first dual cabinet role in the state's history.<br /> <br /> Mayor Adrian Fenty appointed him on March 27, 2007, to the cabinet post of chief technology officer (CTO) for the [[District of Columbia]]. Kundra worked on developing programs to spur [[Open-source model|open source]] and [[crowdsourced]] applications using publicly accessible Web services from the District of Columbia. Building on the work of Suzanne Peck, who preceded him as DC's CTO and created the [http://data.octo.dc.gov/ D.C. Data Catalog],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/developer-world/open-government-meets-it-161|title=Open government meets IT|author=Jon Udell|date=28 June 2006|work=InfoWorld}}&lt;/ref&gt; he used that data as the source material for an initiative called [http://www.appsfordemocracy.org/ Apps for Democracy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121043614/http://www.appsfordemocracy.org/ |date=2008-11-21 }}. The contest yielded 47 web, iPhone and Facebook applications from residents in 30 days. Mayor Fenty stated that the program cost the District &quot;50 thousand dollars total and we estimate that we will save the district millions of dollars in program development costs&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.govtech.com/gt/articles/559929|title=47 Applications in 30 Days for $50K}}&lt;/ref&gt; This cost-benefit was claimed by the D.C. government as savings in internal operational and contractual costs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.appsfordemocracy.org/ |title=Home |website=appsfordemocracy.org |access-date=2008-11-24 |archive-date=2008-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121043614/http://www.appsfordemocracy.org/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taking a page from Kundra&lt;ref&gt;National Journal (06-29-2009)[http://techdailydose.nationaljournal.com/2009/06/bloomberg-unveils-govt-apps-co.php &quot;Bloomberg Unveils Gov't Apps Contest&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; this initiative was mirrored by [[New York City]]'s mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] in launching a &quot;BigApps&quot; contest housed at [[New York City BigApps|NYC BigApps]] as well as New York City's DataMine.&lt;ref name=NYData&gt;New York Future Initiative (06-29-2009)[https://web.archive.org/web/20090702062109/http://nyfi.observer.com/politics/208/pdf-bloomberg-announces-big-apps-contest-says-dine-winner &quot;Bloomberg Announces 'Big Apps' Contest&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; The city of San Francisco launched a data portal similar DC's in 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;SFData&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.govtech.com/pcio/San-Franciscos-DataSForg-Wont-be-a.html|title=San Francisco}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kundra won recognition for the project management system he implemented for the District government.&lt;ref name=&quot;galengruman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/adventures-in-it/2008-infoworld-cto-25-vivek-kundra-district-columbia-048|title=2008 InfoWorld CTO 25: Vivek Kundra, District of Columbia|author=Galen Gruman|date=2 June 2008|work=InfoWorld}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mitcio.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mitcio.com/2008/ |title=The MIT Sloan CIO Symposium |website=www.mitcio.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215195521/http://www.mitcio.com/2008/ |archive-date=2010-02-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The system imagined projects as publicly traded companies, project schedules as quarterly reports, and user satisfaction as stock prices. Buying or selling a stock corresponded to adding resources to a project or taking them away. The goal of management was to optimize the project portfolio for return on investment. The system effectively replaced subjective judgments about projects with objective, data driven analytics.&lt;ref name=&quot;galengruman&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Kundra's efforts to use [[Cloud computing|cloud-based]] web applications in the D.C. government have also been considered innovative.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.gcn.com/print/27_28/47565-1.html |title=D C makes a gradual move to Google Apps with an emphasis on training |website=www.gcn.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222093957/http://www.gcn.com/print/27_28/47565-1.html |archive-date=2008-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following the D.C. example driven by Kundra, the city of Los Angeles is now taking steps to adopt the cloud computing model for its IT needs.&lt;ref name=&quot;LAcloud&quot;&gt;news.cnet.com (08-20-2009)[http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-10313846-245.html &quot;Los Angeles gets its Google Apps groove&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; A D.C. spokeswoman said that the District of Columbia paid $479,560 for the Enterprise [[Google Apps]] license, which is $3.5 million less than what it had planned to spend on an alternative plan.&lt;ref name=&quot;LAcloud&quot;/&gt; Since its deployment in July 2008 Google Apps is available to 38,000 D.C. city employees, but only 1,000&amp;ndash;2,000 are actively using Google Docs. Only 200 employees are actively using Gmail.&lt;ref name=PCWorld&gt;{{cite web|last=Perez|first=Juan Carlos|title=Despite Predictions to the Contrary, Exchange Holds off Gmail in D.C. |date=15 March 2012|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/251920/despite_predictions_to_the_contrary_exchange_holds_off_gmail_in_dc.html|publisher=IDG News|access-date=15 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In late 2010, hoping to spur use of [[Gmail]], the city ran a pilot program, selecting about 300 users and having them use the Google product for three months. Google participated closely in the project, but Gmail ultimately didn't pass the &quot;as good or better&quot; test with the users, who preferred Exchange/Outlook. In July 2011, the [[General Services Administration]] (GSA) became the first federal agency to migrate its email services for 17,000 employees and contractors to the cloud-based Google Apps for Government, saving $15.2 million over 5 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gsablogs.gsa.gov/gsablog/2011/07/26/gsa-is-in-the-cloud/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929232039/http://gsablogs.gsa.gov/gsablog/2011/07/26/gsa-is-in-the-cloud/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 29, 2011|title=GSA is in the Cloud|work=The GSA Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of July 2011, government agencies in 42 states are leveraging cloud-based messaging and collaboration services.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://googleenterprise.blogspot.com/2011/07/google-apps-for-government-turns-one.html|title=Official Google for Work Blog: Google Apps for Government turns one!|work=Official Google for Work Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first major cloud project during his tenure was GSA's migration of e-mail/Lotus Notes to the Gmail and Salesforce.com's platform. GSA awarded a contract for e-mail in December 2010 and a five-year contract to Salesforce in August 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsaig.gov&quot; /&gt; A September 2012 Inspector General report found the savings and cost analysis not verifiable and recommended GSA update its cost analysis. GSA office of CIO was unable to provide documentation supporting its analysis regarding the initial projected savings for government staffing and contractor support. The audit found that the agency could neither verify those savings nor clearly determine if the cloud migration is meeting agency expectations despite initial claims that indicated 50%&lt;ref&gt;http://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2010/12/02/unisys-google-apps-gsa.aspxs {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; cost savings&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/16/salesforce-hires-vivek-kundra-and-looks-overseas/|title=Salesforce Hires Vivek Kundra and Looks Overseas|last=Hardy|first=Quentin|date=2012-01-16|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kundra also moved the city's [[geographic information systems]] department to a middle school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://vivekkundra.blogspot.com/2007_11_01_archive.html|title=CTO's Blog: November 2007|author=Vivek Kundra}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) ===<br /> <br /> Before his appointment as CIO, Mr. Kundra served as technology adviser on President Barack Obama's transition team. Kundra was officially named by President Obama on March 5, 2009, to the post of Federal CIO.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/06/16/our-nation-s-first-federal-cio|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|title=JUNE 16, 2011 AT 9:13 AM ET BY JACK LEW|date=16 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Federal Chief Information Officer is responsible for directing the policy and strategic planning of federal information technology investments as well as for oversight of federal technology spending. Until Kundra, the position had previously been more limited within the [[Office of Management and Budget]] where a federal chief information officer role had been created by the [[E-Government Act of 2002]].&lt;ref name=EGovtAct&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ347/html/PLAW-107publ347.htm|title=E-Government Act 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Federal CIO establishes and oversees enterprise architecture to ensure system interoperability and information sharing and maintains information security and privacy across the federal government. According to President Obama, as Chief Information Officer, Kundra &quot;will play a key role in making sure our government is running in the most secure, open, and efficient way possible&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;whitehouse.gov&quot;/&gt; To further President Obama's overall technology agenda, Vivek Kundra, [[Jeffrey Zients]], the Chief Performance Officer, and [[Aneesh Chopra]], the chief technology officer, will work closely together.&lt;ref name=&quot;reform-spending&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/Weekly-Address-President-Obama-Discusses-Efforts-to-Reform-Spending/|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|title=Weekly Address: President Obama Discusses Efforts to Reform Spending, Government Waste; Names Chief Performance Officer and Chief Technology Officer|date=18 April 2009|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|access-date=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundra and Chopra previously worked in Governor Tim Kaine's administration.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.governor.virginia.gov/MediaRelations/newsReleases/viewRelease.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007171536/http://www.governor.virginia.gov/MediaRelations/NewsReleases/viewRelease.cfm |archive-date=October 7, 2008 |title=Official Site of the Governor of Virginia }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kundra made it a priority to focus on the following areas: <br /> * Cybersecurity<br /> * Ensuring openness and transparency<br /> * Innovation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.govtech.com/gt/653151|title=Vivek Kundra, Federal CIO, Addresses State CIOs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Lowering the cost of government<br /> * Participatory democracy<br /> <br /> One of his first projects was the launch of [[Data.gov]], a site for access to raw government data.&lt;ref name=&quot;radar.oreilly.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://radar.oreilly.com/2009/03/vivek-kundra-federal-cio-in-hi.html|title=Vivek Kundra: Federal CIO in His Own Words|author=Timothy M. O'Brien}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another project launched by Kundra in June 2009 was the Federal IT Dashboard, which gives an assessment (in terms of cost, schedule and CIO ranking) of many large government IT projects.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.govtech.com/gt/698705?topic=290182 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Democratizing data====<br /> Kundra launched the Data.gov platform on May 21, 2009&lt;ref name=BusWk&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/blog/globespotting/archives/2009/12/the_power_of_go.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205175747/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/blog/globespotting/archives/2009/12/the_power_of_go.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 5, 2009 |title=The Power of Government-as-Platform|access-date=2010-02-13 |last=Hamm |first=Steve |date=2009-12-01 |work=Business Week }}&lt;/ref&gt; with the goal of providing public access to raw datasets generated by the Executive Branch of the Federal Government to enable public participation and private sector innovation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.gov | title=Data.gov |access-date=2010-02-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Data.gov draws conceptual parallels from the DC Data Catalog launched by Kundra when he was CTO of Washington, D.C., where he published vast amounts of datasets for public use. Immediately after the Data.gov launch, the Apps for America&lt;ref name=AforA&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gcn.com/articles/2009/04/24/sunlight.aspx |title=Sunlight Foundation reveals winners in its Apps for America contest|access-date=2010-02-13 |last=Jackson |first=Joab |date=2009-04-24 |work=Government Computer News}}&lt;/ref&gt; contest by the [[Sunlight Foundation]] challenged the American people to develop innovative solutions using Data.gov. San Francisco,&lt;ref name=&quot;SFData&quot;/&gt; the City of New York,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYData&quot;/&gt; the State of California,&lt;ref name=CAData&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ca.gov/data |title=CA.Gov|access-date=2010-02-14|work=State Of California}}&lt;/ref&gt; the State of Utah,&lt;ref name=UtahData&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.utah.gov/data |title=Data-Utah.Gov|access-date=2010-02-14|work=State Of Utah}}&lt;/ref&gt; the State of Michigan,&lt;ref name=SOMData&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/data/ |title=State of Michigan-Data|access-date=2010-02-14|work=State Of Michigan}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts&lt;ref name=MassData&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mass.gov/data/ |title=Data-Mass.Gov|access-date=2010-02-14|work=Commonwealth of Massauchussets}}&lt;/ref&gt; have launched public access websites modeled after Data.gov. Internationally, over 46 countries have launched open data sites patterned after Data.Gov, some using the U.S. Data.gov software which was made open source and made available on GitHub. Additionally, states, cities and counties have launched sites, notably&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.data.gov/open-gov/|title=Open Government|work=Data.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Open Government in Canada|some cities in Canada]], and the UK are following suit.&lt;ref name=UKData&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.gov.uk |title=data.gov.uk|access-date=2010-02-14|work=HM Government, United Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====IT Dashboard====<br /> [[File:Obama testing the Federal Government IT Dashboard.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama testing the IT Dashboard]]<br /> On June 30, 2009, at the Personal Democracy Forum in New York,&lt;ref name=PdF&gt;{{cite web |url=http://techpresident.com/blog-entry/pdf-09-kundra-unveils-it-spending-dashboard |title=PdF '09: Kundra Unveils IT Spending Dashboard|access-date=2010-02-14 |last=Scola |first=Nancy |date=2009-06-30 |work=techPresident, Personal Democracy Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vivek Kundra, unveiled the [https://web.archive.org/web/20090813013856/http://it.usaspending.gov/ IT Dashboard] that tracks over $76 billion in Federal IT spending.&lt;ref name=ITD&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://it.usaspending.gov/ |title=Federal IT Dashboard |access-date=2009-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813013856/http://it.usaspending.gov/ |archive-date=2009-08-13 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The IT Dashboard is part of [http://www.USASpending.gov USASpending.gov] to track all government spending.&lt;ref name=USSpend&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usaspending.gov/|title=Home}}&lt;/ref&gt; The IT Dashboard is designed to provide CIOs of individual government agencies, the public and agency leaders unprecedented visibility into the operations and performance of Federal IT investments (spending), and the ability to provide and receive direct feedback to those directly accountable.&lt;ref name=ITDashNYT&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/01/technology/01dashboard.html?_r=2 |title=Online Tool Will Track U.S. Tech Spending |access-date=2010-02-14 |last=Lohr |first=Steve |date=2009-06-30 |work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; In January 2010, Kundra followed up the work on the IT Dashboard with TechStat accountability sessions.&lt;ref name=TechStat&gt;{{cite web |url=http://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2010/02/09/techstat-meetings-kundra.aspx |title=Federal CIO pursues relentless efficiency via TechStat meetings |access-date=2010-02-14 |last=Weigelt |first=Matthew |date=2010-02-09 |work=Washington Technology}}&lt;/ref&gt; These sessions are designed to turn around, halt or terminate at-risk and failing IT projects in the federal government. It allows agency CIOs, CFOs, and other key stakeholders to find solutions for IT projects that are over budget, behind schedule, or under-performing.<br /> <br /> ====Cloud computing====<br /> Kundra launched the federal government strategy and the cloud computing portal [[Apps.gov]] at [[NASA Ames Research Center|NASA's Ames Research Center]], [[Moffett Field, California|Moffett Field in California]], on September 15, 2009.&lt;ref&gt;NASA Ames Research Center, (2009-09-15) [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/features/2009/cloud_computing.html &quot;NASA Ames Hosts White House CIO&quot;], Retrieved (2010-01-17)&lt;/ref&gt; Apps.gov is a new service provided by the GSA&lt;ref name=appsgov&gt;GSA [https://www.apps.gov/cloud/advantage/main/start_page.do &quot;Apps.Gov&quot;], Retrieved (2010-01-17)&lt;/ref&gt; where federal agencies can subscribe to IT services. Kundra saw the cloud as an alternative to hardware investments, as means to reduce IT costs, and to shift focus of federal IT from infrastructure management to strategic projects.&lt;ref name=&quot;yearcio&quot;/&gt; This initiative aims to use commercially derived technologies to promote software tools, vast data storage and data sharing, and to foster collaboration across all federal agencies.&lt;ref name=appsgov/&gt; [[Howard Schmidt]], White House cybersecurity coordinator, will work closely with the Federal CIO and CTO with respect to cloud initiatives&lt;ref&gt;Federal News Radio (2010-02-11) [http://www.federalnewsradio.com/index.php?nid=249&amp;sid=1876391 &quot;Cybersecurity coordinator Howard Schmidt discusses cloud&quot;], retrieved (2010-02-15)&lt;/ref&gt; and has the responsibility of orchestrating all cybersecurity activities across the government.&lt;ref&gt;Phillips, Macon (2009-12-22) [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/12/22/introducing-new-cybersecurity-coordinator &quot;Introducing the New Cybersecurity Coordinator&quot;], The White House, retrieved (2010-02-15)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On December 9, 2010, Kundra published the &quot;25 Point Implementation Plan to Reform Federal Information Technology Management&quot;, which included Cloud First as one of its top priorities for achieving IT efficiency. Cloud First required each agency to identify three cloud initiatives.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/kundra-takes-on-federal-it-reform/2011/04/11/AFMwY5cE_story.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | first=Marjorie | last=Censer | title=Kundra takes on federal IT reform | date=2011-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; He announced his decision to leave the federal government and join [[Harvard University]] within 7 months of this strategy, too short for any of cloud first initiatives to have demonstrated cost savings.&lt;ref name=&quot;gsaig.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gsaig.gov/?LinkServID=1C91FE07-FF0A-7F2A-F5EC7659D924AE6D&amp;showMeta=0|title=GSA Office of Inspector General}}&lt;/ref&gt; After a short 5 months at Harvard he left to join [[Salesforce.com]], a cloud SaaS and PaaS provider.<br /> <br /> ====Management reforms====<br /> Kundra published a 25-point implementation plan&lt;ref&gt;[http://cio.gov/documents/25-Point-Implementation-Plan-to-Reform-Federal%20IT.pdf 25-Point Implementation Plan to Reform] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210215012/http://cio.gov/documents/25-Point-Implementation-Plan-to-Reform-Federal%20IT.pdf |date=2010-12-10 }}, cio.gov&lt;/ref&gt; to reform how the federal government manages information technology. The execution plan follows his decision to reevaluate some of the government's most troubled IT projects.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704488404575442021240390314?KEYWORDS=vivek+kundra|work=The Wall Street Journal|first=Amy|last=Schatz|title=U.S. Reviews Tech Spending|date=2010-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Of 38 projects reviewed, four have been canceled,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/10/AR2010121006099.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Marjorie|last=Censer|title=Agencies have deadline to name services destined for Web|date=2010-12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; 11 have been rescoped, and 12 have cut the time for delivery of functionality down by more than half, from two to three years down to an average of 8 months, achieving a total of $3 billion in lifecycle budget reductions, according to [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2010/12/10/saving-money-government-it whitehouse.gov]<br /> <br /> [[File:Saving Money on Government IT.jpg|This image illustrates the work done by US Chief Information Officer Vivek Kundra to reform Federal IT management]]<br /> <br /> ====Suspension====<br /> On March 13, 2009, Kundra was placed on indefinite leave following an [[FBI]] raid on his former D.C. office and the arrest of two individuals in relation to a bribery investigation.&lt;ref&gt;Eric Kangel, &quot;Obama put new CIO Vivek kundra on suspension,&quot; ''Business Insider'' March 13, 2009 [http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-puts-new-cio-vivek-kundra-on-suspension-2009-3 link]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kundra Reinstated as Federal CIO |url=http://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2009/03/17/kundra-reinstated.aspx|date=March 18, 2009|publisher=[[Washington Technology]]|access-date=2009-10-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundra returned to duties after five days with no finding of wrongdoing on his part.<br /> <br /> ===Post-Obama administration career===<br /> Kundra left his post as chief information officer in August 2011 to accept an academic fellowship at Harvard University, conducting research at both the [[Berkman Center for Internet &amp; Society]] and the [[Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy]].&lt;ref&gt;Office of Management and Budget (2011-06-16) [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/06/16/our-nation-s-first-federal-cio &quot;Our Nation’s First Federal CIO&quot;], The White House, retrieved (2011-06-18)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Harvard University (2011). [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/newsroom/vivek_kundra_fellowship U.S. C.I.O. to Serve Joint Fellowship at Harvard], retrieved August 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2012 Kundra joined [[Salesforce.com]] as Executive Vice President of Emerging Markets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.salesforce.com/company/news-press/press-releases/2012/01/120116.jsp|title=Vivek Kundra Joins Salesforce.com as Executive Vice President of Emerging Markets}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February, 2017 he joined Outcome Health as EVP of Provider Solutions,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vivek-kundra-joins-outcome-health-as-evp-provider-solutions-300401286.html|title=Vivek Kundra joins Outcome Health}}&lt;/ref&gt; and then promoted to Chief Operating Officer in July.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vivek-kundra-promoted-to-chief-operating-officer-of-outcome-health-300493295.html|title=Vivek promoted to COO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vivek left Outcome in Nov 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://washingtonexec.com/2017/11/vivek-kundra-leaves-outcome-health/|title=Vivek Kundra Leaves Outcome Health}}&lt;/ref&gt; soon after its major investors filed a lawsuit alleging improper practices against its founders for misleading advertisers and investors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-investors-sue-outcome-health-20171107-story.html|title=Major investors sue Outcome Health, alleging firm committed fraud to secure $487.5M investment}}&lt;/ref&gt; On May 16, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/17/sprinklr-hires-former-fed-cio-vivek-kundra-as-coo/|title=Vivek Kundra Joins Sprinklr as COO|date=17 May 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundra joined the private start-up [[Sprinklr]] as [[chief operating officer]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sprinklr.com/about-us/#leadership|title=Sprinklr Leadership Team}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Professional recognition ==<br /> In May 2011, Kundra was selected by [[EMC Corporation]] for their Data Hero Visionary Award for his pioneering work under the Obama administration to reform how the federal government manages and uses information technology.&lt;ref name=&quot;emc&quot;&gt;PR Newswire, [http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/united-states-cio-vivek-kundra-receives-2011-data-hero-visionary-award-121528944.html &quot;United States CIO Vivek Kundra Receives 2011 Data Hero Visionary Award&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; EMC states that, &quot;Kundra has led the nation to seek innovative solutions to lower the cost of government operations, while exploring ways to fundamentally change the way the public sector and the public interact&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;emc&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2011, Kundra was selected by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader for his professional accomplishments, commitment to society and potential to contribute to shaping the future of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;ygl&quot;&gt;Zopf, Yann (2011-03-11),[http://www.weforum.org/news/world-economic-forum-announces-young-global-leaders-2011-north-america &quot;World Economic Forum Announces Young Global Leaders 2011 (North America)&quot;], World Economic Forum&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kundra was awarded the 2010 National Cyber Security Leadership Award&lt;ref name=&quot;sans&quot;&gt;SANS Institute, (2010-11-16), [https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-leadership/2010/ &quot;2010 National Cyber Security Leadership Award Winners&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; by the SANS Institute for uncovering more than $300 million each year in wasted federal spending on ineffective certification and accreditation reporting and demonstrating an alternative approach called &quot;continuous monitoring&quot; that provides more effective security for federal systems at lower costs.<br /> <br /> Kundra was named Chief of the Year on December 21, 2009, by [[InformationWeek]] for driving unprecedented change in federal IT.&lt;ref name=&quot;yearcio&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|title=Chief Of The Year: Vivek Kundra |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/government/leadership/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=222002611|date=December 21, 2009|magazine=[[Information Week]]|access-date=2010-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kundra was named by [[InfoWorld]] among the top 25 CTO's in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine<br /> |author = Gruman, Galen<br /> |date = 2008-06-02<br /> |title = The best CTOs of 2008<br /> |url = http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/06/02/23FE-cto25-kundra_1.html<br /> |magazine = InfoWorld<br /> |access-date = 2009-03-05<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was also selected as a 2008 [[MIT Sloan School of Management|MIT Sloan]] CIO Symposium Award Finalist&lt;ref name=&quot;mitcio.com&quot;/&gt; on 'Balancing Innovation and Cost Leadership'.&lt;ref name=&quot;mitcio.com&quot;/&gt; Both organizations cited the &quot;stock market&quot; approach to IT portfolio management that Kundra implemented for the District of Columbia. The system measured project performance and allocated IT investments similar to the way the public companies trade on the stock market.&lt;ref name=&quot;galengruman&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[John F. Kennedy School of Government|Harvard Kennedy School of Government's]] Ash Institute also awarded the Innovations in American Government Award (2009) to &quot;District of Columbia's Data Feeds: Democratization of Government Data&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation (2009-09-15) [http://ashinstitute.harvard.edu/corporate_site/innovations/innovations_news/district_of_columbia_s_data_feeds_wins_innovations_in_american_government_award “District of Columbia's Data Feeds Wins Innovations in American Government Award”] John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.&lt;/ref&gt; The project spearheaded by Kundra, Mayor Fenty, and CPO David Gragan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Van der Veen, Chad |date=2009-09-14 |title=D.C.'s Data Feeds Wins Kennedy School's Innovations in American Government Award |url=http://www.govtech.com/gt/articles/723258 |publisher=Government Technology |access-date=2009-11-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531040932/http://www.govtech.com/gt/articles/723258 |archive-date=May 31, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was cited for &quot;increase in civic participation, government accountability, and transparency in D.C. government practices&quot; through sites like the Digital Public Square&lt;ref name=DCDPS&gt;District of Columbia [http://dps.dc.gov/ “DC Digital Public Square”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111230516/http://dps.dc.gov/ |date=2009-11-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and the DC Data Catalog.&lt;ref name=DCData&gt;District of Columbia [http://data.octo.dc.gov/ “DC Data Catalog”]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kundra was recognized as the 2008 Government Sector IT Executive of the Year by the [[Tech Council of Maryland]]. The organization cited Kundra's efforts to increase public access to government information and services through live data feeds and data sets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Michelle Ferrone |date=2008-11-07 |title=The Tech Council of Maryland Announces Award Winners of 2008 CIO&amp;CTO LIVE! Awards |url=http://www.techcouncilmd.com/News/tcmnews_110708.html |publisher=Tech Council MD |access-date=2009-03-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106003044/http://www.techcouncilmd.com/News/tcmnews_110708.html |archive-date=January 6, 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundra was also a recipient of the Federal 100 Award&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal<br /> |author = Monroe, John S.<br /> |date = 2009-02-13<br /> |title = 2009 Federal 100 Winners<br /> |url = http://1105govinfoevents.com/fed100/2009_Fed_100_winners_list.pdf<br /> |publisher = Federal Computer Week<br /> |access-date = 2009-11-09<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; for significant contributions to the federal information technology community.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal<br /> |author = Monroe, John S.<br /> |date = 2009-02-13<br /> |title = FCW announces the 2009 Federal 100 award winners<br /> |url = http://www.fcw.com/Articles/2009/02/13/FCW-announces-Fed-100-winners.aspx<br /> |publisher = Federal Computer Week<br /> |access-date = 2009-11-09<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vivek-kundra-joins-outcome-health-as-evp-provider-solutions-300401286.html|title = Vivek Kundra joins Outcome Health as EVP, Provider Solutions}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Government 2.0]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> *[http://www.cio.gov Federal CIO Council]<br /> *{{C-SPAN|86830}}<br /> *[http://www.ctovision.com/2008/11/vivek-kundra-democratizing-data-and-putting-it-in-the-public-domain.html 'Democratizing Data and Putting it in the Public Domain'], November 20, 2008<br /> *[http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2009/03/federal_cio_viv.html Live On Video: Federal CIO Vivek Kundra In His Own Words], ''InformationWeek'' Wolfe's Den blog - March 6, 2009<br /> *[http://www.govtech.com/gt/624870 Kundra on Democratizing Data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516015855/http://www.govtech.com/gt/624870 |date=2009-05-16 }} [[Government Technology Magazine]], March 2009<br /> * [http://dqindia.ciol.com/content/top_stories/2012/112020301.asp The Most Influential Global Indians in Technology] [[Dataquest]]<br /> <br /> {{Obama Executive Office |state=collapsed}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kundra, Vivek}}<br /> [[Category:1974 births]]<br /> [[Category:American chief technology officers]]<br /> [[Category:American politicians of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:Berkman Fellows]]<br /> [[Category:Chief information officers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Obama administration personnel]]<br /> [[Category:People from New Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Salesforce people]]<br /> [[Category:Tanzanian emigrants to the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Technology evangelists]]<br /> [[Category:University of Maryland, College Park alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Washington, D.C., Democrats]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pradipta_Banerji&diff=526229 2026-02-09T06:12:47Z

<p>Sameer481: New Data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian scientist, academic, and professor}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | name = Pradipta Banerji<br /> | image =<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | citizenship = India<br /> | fields = [[Civil Engineering]]<br /> | doctoral_advisor = Anil K. Chopra<br /> | academic_advisors = <br /> | doctoral_students = <br /> | notable_students = <br /> | work_institution = [[Director (education)|Director]], [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]], [[University of California, Berkeley]]<br /> | known_for = <br /> | author_abbrev_bot = <br /> | author_abbrev_zoo = <br /> | influences = <br /> | influenced = <br /> | awards = <br /> | signature = &lt;!--(filename only)--&gt;<br /> | signature_alt = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Pradipta Banerji''' is a civil engineer and a former director of the [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]] (IIT Roorkee), a post he held from October 2011 to October 2017. He also was professor of Civil Engineering at [[IIT Bombay]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pradipta Banerji|url=https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~pbanerji/|website=www.civil.iitb.ac.in|publisher=[[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]]|accessdate=3 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and at IIT Roorkee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Professor Pradipta Banerji|url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/administration/pages/Organization+Director.html|publisher=[[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]]|accessdate=3 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> Banerji joined as an [[assistant professor]] at IIT Bombay in April 1988 and spent more than 23 years there as a faculty member, during which period he has also been awarded the ''Excellence in Teaching Award'', and was the Dean (Alumni &amp; International Relations) for two terms.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} He has been a Visiting Research Professor at the Institute of Statics and Dynamics for Aerospace Structures at the [[University of Stuttgart]] and the Mechanical Engineering Department at the [[University of Manitoba]], Winnipeg. His areas of research specialization are Earthquake Engineering and Structural Health Monitoring, and he has been active in guiding research, publishing scholarly papers and developing technology that has been applied in practical situations in both areas. Notably, he has helped the Indian Railways by developing a technology for bridge asset management under increased axle loads.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}<br /> <br /> He is a member/fellow of several professional societies including IISHMII, where he has also been a member of the Executive Council since the inception of the society. He is an editor of the Journal for Civil Structural Health Monitoring published by [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]. He is also a member or chairman of several national and internal-level boards and committees for capacity building and research.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IITs should focus on transferring technology to the industry: Prof Pradipta Banerji|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/jobs/iits-should-focus-on-transferring-technology-to-the-industry-prof-pradipta-banerji/75629/|publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)]]|accessdate=3 October 2016|date=25 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During Banerji's term as director, IIT Roorkee won several national awards for being an Outstanding Engineering Institute.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}<br /> <br /> ==Controversy==<br /> IIT-Roorkee made the news in 2015 for expelling six per cent of its first year batch for poor performance. In an interview, Banerji said &quot;There is procedure and logic behind this.&quot;{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} Students were made aware of the criteria at the time of admission.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Expelled Students|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-11/news/64308784_1_iit-roorkee-12-students-performance|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306070659/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-11/news/64308784_1_iit-roorkee-12-students-performance|archive-date=6 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Banerji, Pradipta}}<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of IIT Bombay]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Institute of Technology directors]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._C._Adichan&diff=458487 2026-02-09T05:01:17Z

<p>Sameer481: adjust page for accuracy and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = P. C. Adichan<br /> |image=P. C. Adichan.png<br /> | birth_date = November 1907<br /> | death_date = 7 August 1976<br /> | occupation = Politician<br /> | known_for = Leadership in the Communist Party of India (CPI)<br /> | party = Communist Party of India (CPI)<br /> }}<br /> '''P.&amp;nbsp;C. Adichan''' (November 1907 &amp;ndash; 7 August 1976) was an Indian politician and a leader of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI). He was a member of the [[4th Lok Sabha]], representing the [[Adoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adoor]] constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1698.htm|title = Members Bioprofile}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also he was member 2nd KLA representing [[Kunnathur, Kerala Assembly constituency|Kunnathur]] constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m021.htm|title = Members - Kerala Legislature}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Positions held==<br /> *Member, [[Sree Moolam Popular Assembly|Sree Moolam Assembly]] (1937–1947), <br /> *Member, [[Travancore|Travancore Legislative Assembly]] (1948–1949), <br /> *Member, [[Travancore–Cochin|Travancore Cochin Legislative Assembly]] (1949–1951), <br /> *2nd KLA [Kunnathoor],<br /> *Member, Lok Sabha [Adoor (1967–1971)],<br /> *General Secretary and President, All Travancore Kuravar Mahasabha.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Adichan, P. C.}}<br /> [[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]<br /> [[Category:Kerala MLAs 1957–1959]]<br /> [[Category:Travancore–Cochin MLAs 1949–1952]]<br /> [[Category:1907 births]]<br /> [[Category:1976 deaths]]<br /> <br /> {{Kerala-CPIndia-politician-stub}}</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radha_Krishna&diff=460706 2026-01-19T18:14:31Z

<p>Sameer481: update layout for accuracy and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Divine couple in Hinduism}}<br /> {{other uses}}<br /> {{Infobox deity&lt;!--Bharatpedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--&gt;<br /> | type = Hindu<br /> | image = Radha Krishna at Iskcon Vrindavan.jpg<br /> | caption = Idols of [[Radha]] [[Krishna]] at [[ISKCON Temple, Vrindavan]]<br /> | name = Radha Krishna<br /> | Sanskrit_transliteration = {{IAST|''rādhā-kṛṣṇa''}}<br /> | Devanagari = राधाकृष्ण<br /> | mantra = {{bulleted list|''Oṃ Rādhā Kṛṣṇabhyam Namaḥ''|''Oṃ Klīṃ Rādhā Kṛṣṇāya Namaḥ''|''[[Radhe Radhe]]''|''[[Hare Krishna (mantra)|Hare Krishna]]''}}<br /> | abode = {{bulleted list|[[Goloka]]|[[Vaikuntha]]| [[Vrindavan]]|[[Barsana]]}}<br /> | festivals = {{bulleted list|[[Holi]]|[[Lathmar Holi]]|[[Sharad Purnima]]| [[Karthik Purnima]]|[[Janmashtami]]| [[Radhashtami]]| [[Gopashtami]]|[[Jhulan Purnima]]}}<br /> | other_names = {{bulleted list|Madhavi Madhava|Keshavi Keshava|Shyamā Shyama|Kishori Kishora|Gopi Gopinatha|Gaurangi Gauranga}}<br /> | affiliation = {{bulleted list|[[Vaishnavism]]|[[Krishnaism]]|[[Lakshmi Narayana]]}}<br /> | texts = {{bulleted list|[[Brahmavaivarta Purana]]|[[Padma Purana]]|[[Shiva Purana]]|[[Skanda Purana]]|[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]|[[Naradiya Purana]]|[[Gopala Tapani Upanishad]]|[[Brahma Samhita]]|[[Chaitanya Charitamrita]]|[[Garga Samhita (Vaishnavite text)|Garga Samhita]]| [[Radha Tantra]]|[[Gita Govinda]]}}<br /> | venerated_in = {{hlist|[[Nimbarka Sampradaya]]|[[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]|[[Pushtimarg]]|[[Radha Vallabha Sampradaya]]| [[Mahanam Sampradaya]]| [[Pranami Sampradaya]]|[[Manipuri Vaishnavism]]|[[Swaminarayan Sampradaya]]|[[Vaishnava-Sahajiya]]|Haridasi Sampradaya}}{{sfn|Vemsani|2016|pp=222–223}}<br /> | deity_of = God and Goddess of Love,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&amp;pg=PA65|author=Guy Beck|publisher=Suny Press|year=2005|pages=64–81|isbn=9780791464151|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-date=2023-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162309/https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&amp;pg=PA65|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Schweig|2004|pp=20–25}}&lt;br/&gt; [[Purusha]] and [[Prakṛti|Mūlaprakriti]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title= Mask and Creative Symbolisation in Contemporary Oriya Literature : Krishna, Radha and Ahalya|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23341400|author=Prafulla Kumar Mohanty|journal=Indian Literature |year=2003|volume=2 |issue=214 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|pages=182|jstor=23341400 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br/&gt; [[Avatar]] of [[Lakshmi Narayana]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Goddesses in World Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qotjet-Hb0MC&amp;q=Radha|author=Patricia Monaghan|year=2010|publisher=ABC CLIO|pages=7|isbn=9780313354656|access-date=2022-05-18|archive-date=2023-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162309/https://books.google.com/books?id=qotjet-Hb0MC&amp;q=Radha|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;<br /> <br /> Supreme Deities in [[Krishnaism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title= Religion in India|url=https://academic.oup.com/jaar/article-abstract/XLIV/2/366-a/680648?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false |author= Roy C Amore|journal= Journal of the American Academy of Religion|year=1976|volume= 14|issue= 2|page= 366}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Vaishnavism}}<br /> '''Radha-Krishna''' ([[IAST]] {{IAST|rādhā-kṛṣṇa}}, {{langx|sa|राधा कृष्ण}}) is the combined form of the Hindu god [[Krishna]] with his chief consort and ''[[shakti]]'' [[Radha]]. They are regarded as the feminine as well as the masculine realities of [[God and gender in Hinduism|God]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rankin |first=John |title=Teaching Hinduism: Some Key Ideas |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0141620840060306 |journal=British Journal of Religious Education |year=1984 |language=en |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=135 |doi=10.1080/0141620840060306 |issn=0141-6200|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; in several [[Krishnaism|Krishnaite]] traditions of [[Vaishnavism]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vyasadeva |first=Srila |url=http://archive.org/details/NaradaPancaratraFull |title=Sri Narada Pancratra |date=2013-06-18 |pages=349 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Bhandarkar |first=R. G. |title=Vaisnavism, Saivism and minor religious systems |chapter=X. The Pāñcaratra or Bhāgavata System |date=2019-05-20 |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111551975-010/html |pages=38–41 |access-date=2023-06-30 |publisher=De Gruyter |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783111551975-010 |isbn=978-3-11-155197-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Vemsani|2016|p=221}}<br /> <br /> In Krishnaism, Krishna is referred to as ''[[Svayam Bhagavan]]''{{sfn|Hardy|1987|pp=387–392}} and Radha is illustrated as the primeval potency of the three main potencies of God, ''Hladini'' (immense spiritual bliss), ''Sandhini'' (eternality), and ''Samvit'' (existential consciousness), of which Radha is an embodiment of the feeling of love towards Krishna (''Hladini'').&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bhandarkar |first=R. G. |title=Vaisnavism, Saivism and minor religious systems |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111551975-023/html |chapter=XXIII. Caitanya |date=2019-05-20 |pages=82–86 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-155197-5 |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783111551975-023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kar|first=Nishamani|date=2001|title=Sriradha: A Study|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23344745|journal=Indian Literature|volume=45|issue=2 (202)|pages=184–192|jstor=23344745|issn=0019-5804}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With Krishna, Radha is acknowledged as the Supreme Goddess.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=AMORE |first=ROY C |title=Religion in India |date=1976-06-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XLIV.2.366-a |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=XLIV |issue=2 |pages=366–a |doi=10.1093/jaarel/XLIV.2.366-a |issn=0002-7189 |access-date=2022-05-08 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Krishna is said to be satiated only by devotional service in loving servitude, personified by Radha. Various devotees worship her to attain Krishna via her. Radha is also depicted to be Krishna himself, split into two for the purpose of his enjoyment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pintchman |first=Tracy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JfXdGInecRIC |title=Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess |date=2001-06-14 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-9049-5 |language=en |access-date=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2023-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162311/https://books.google.com/books?id=JfXdGInecRIC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; As per scriptures, Radha is considered as the complete incarnation of [[Lakshmi|Mahalakshmi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Rosen|2002|p=50}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Srila Vyasadeva |url=http://archive.org/details/NaradaPancaratraFull |title=Narada Pancaratra full in 2 parts |date=2013-06-18 |pages=51}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is believed that Krishna enchants the world, but Radha enchants even him. Therefore, she is the supreme goddess of all, and together they are called Radha-Krishna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Rosen|2002|p=52}}'' [[Chaitanya-charitamrita]]''[http://vedabase.net/cc/adi/4/95/en Adi-lila 4.95] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824092217/http://vedabase.net/cc/adi/4/95/en |date=2008-08-24}},&lt;/ref&gt; In many Vaishnava sections, Radha Krishna are often identified as the avatars of [[Lakshmi Narayan]]a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Monaghan |first=Patricia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qotjet-Hb0MC&amp;q=Radha |title=Goddesses in World Culture |date=2010-12-31 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-35465-6 |language=en |access-date=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2023-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162309/https://books.google.com/books?id=qotjet-Hb0MC&amp;q=Radha |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Names and epithets==<br /> [[File:RadhaKrishnaUdaipur.JPG|thumb|upright|14th-century CE fresco of Radha Krishna in [[Udaipur]], Rajasthan]]<br /> <br /> Radha Krishna can be broken into two: ''[[Krishna]]'' ([[Devanagari]]: कृष्ण), the incarnation of [[Vishnu]], which means, &quot;all attractive&quot; or &quot;dark blue&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bryant |first=Edwin Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVDqCkW1WpUC&amp;q=attractive&amp;pg=PA382 |title=Krishna: A Sourcebook |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803400-1 |pages=382 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and his shakti ''[[Radha]]'' (Devanagari: राधा), the incarnation of [[Lakshmi]], which means &quot;the pleasing one&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Many significant epithets accorded to Krishna including - ''[[Radha Ramana]]'' and [[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan|''Radha Vallabh'']], which means &quot;the lover and the beloved of Radha&quot; are directly derived from the name of his consort, Radha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHdZH-d2xM4C&amp;q=radha+vallabh&amp;pg=PA317 |title=At Play with Krishna: Pilgrimage Dramas from Brindavan |date=1992 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0945-1 |pages=317 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, epithets of Radha including - ''Krishna Kanta,'' which means &quot;the consort of Krishna&quot; and ''Krishna Vallabha,'' which means &quot;the eternal companion of Krishna&quot;, are directly associated with the name of Krishna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vyasadeva |first=Srila |url=http://archive.org/details/NaradaPancaratraPart2 |title=Narada Pancaratra Part 2 |date=2015-06-18 |pages=450}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Literature==<br /> <br /> Radha Krishna's first literary mention was found in King [[Hāla|Hala]]'s [[Prakrit]] text ''[[Gaha Sattasai|Gatha Saptasati]]'' which is composed of 700 verses and was written in the 1st century CE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jash|first=Pranabananda|title=Radha-Madhava Sub-Sect in Eastern India|date=1979|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141958|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=40|pages=177–184|jstor=44141958|issn=2249-1937}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Gokhale|first1=Namita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWJ7DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Radha+in+Padma+Purana&amp;pg=PT7|title=Finding Radha: The Quest for Love|last2=Lal|first2=Malashri|date=2018-12-10|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-361-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Ramnarace|2014|p=}} Later, the popular ''[[Gita Govinda]]'' written by [[Jayadeva]] in 12th century CE widely depicted Radha and Krishna as a couple.{{sfn|Love Song of the Dark Lord: Jayadeva's Gītagovinda|1977}}{{sfn|Archer|2004|loc=5.2 The Gita Govinda}}{{sfn|Datta|1988|pp=1414–1423}}<br /> <br /> According to scriptures like ''[[Brahma Vaivarta Purana]]'' and ''[[Garga Samhita (Vaishnavite text)|Garga Samhita]]'', Radha-Krishna are the supreme deities. Content of both the scriptures are majorly based on the divine pastimes of Radha Krishna in [[Vrindavan]] and [[Goloka]]. The other relevant texts mentioning Radha Krishna are the Radhopnishad,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=श्रीराधोपनिषत् {{!}}{{!}} Shri Radhopanishat |url=https://www.sanatangroup.org/shri-radhopanishat/15671/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Radhika Tapani Upanishad,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Samvit Mahashay |url=http://archive.org/details/RadhikaTapaniUpanishad |title=Radhika Tapani Upanishad}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gopala Tapani Upanishad]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sunil Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyyNIL7Ug2kC&amp;q=Gopala+Tapani+upanishad&amp;pg=PA13 |title=Krishna-cult in Indian Art |date=1996 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-001-6 |pages=13 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shiva Purana]], [[Brahmanda Purana]], [[Skanda Purana]], [[Padma Purana]], [[Matsya Purana]], [[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]], [[Naradiya Purana|Narad Purana]], [[Pancharatra|Narada Pancharatra]], [[Radha Tantra]], [[Brahma Samhita]] and [[Chaitanya Charitamrita]].{{sfn|Miller|1975}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Krishna Dasa Kaviraj Goswami |url=http://archive.org/details/banerjee-n.-k.-sri-sri-chaitanya-charitamritam |title=Sri Chaitanya Charitamritam |date=1925 |pages=5–6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jafri |first1=Nazim Husain |last2=Nasreen |first2=Farhat |title=Jayadeva's Gita-Govinda Against a Backdrop of Shri Radha-Shri Krishna Cults of Vrindavan |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/22308075221132361 |journal=History and Sociology of South Asia |year=2023 |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=85–92 |doi= 10.1177/22308075221132361|s2cid=253469761 |issn=|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Radha is also indirectly mentioned in [[Bhagavata Purana]] along with Krishna under many different names like &quot;''Aradhika''&quot; and &quot;''[[Gopi]]''&quot;.{{sfn|Archer|2004|loc=5.1 The Triumph of Radha}} [[Adi Shankara|Adi Shankracharya]] also mentioned Radha under the name of Radhika in his work called &quot;Achyuta Ashtakam&quot; which is dedicated to the [[Achyuta]] form of Krishna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=SUVRATSUT |url=http://archive.org/details/AchyutashtakamEngV2 |title=Achyutashtakam Eng V 2 |date=2017-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Achyutashtakam - In sanskrit with meaning |url=https://greenmesg.org/stotras/krishna/achyutashtakam.php |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=greenmesg.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The devotional works of Jayadeva, [[Nimbarkacharya]], Rasik saints like [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] along with his six disciple goswamis, Bhakti poet-saints [[Narsinh Mehta]], [[Vidyapati]], [[Chandidas]], [[Meera Bai]], [[Surdas]] and [[Swami Haridas]] played pivotal role in spreading devotion to the divine couple.{{sfnm|1a1=Archer|1y=2004|1loc=5.3 Later Poetry|2a1=Hardy|2y=1987|2pp=387–392|3a1=Rosenstein|3y=1997|3p=|4a1=Schwartz|4y=2004|4p=49|5a1=Hawley|5y=2005|5p=}}<br /> <br /> According to several [[Hindu denominations]] including [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]], [[Nimbarka Sampradaya]], [[Pushtimarg]], and [[Swaminarayan Sampradaya]], it is believed that Radha is not just one cowherd maiden, but the origin of all the [[Ashtasakhi]], [[Gopis]], or divine personalities that participate in the [[rasa (theology)|rasa]] dance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schweig|2005|p=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Shakti and Shaktiman==<br /> The common derivation of ''[[shakti]]'' and ''shaktiman'', that is, female and male principle in a god implies that shakti and shaktiman are the same.&lt;ref&gt;Surendranath Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy (1991) p. 31&lt;/ref&gt; Each and every god has its partner, or Shakti, and without this Shakti, is sometimes viewed being without essential power.&lt;ref&gt;Santilata Dei, Del Santilata, Vaisnavism in Orissa (1988) p. 167&lt;/ref&gt; It is a not uncommon feature of [[Hinduism]] when worship of a pair rather than one personality constitutes worship of [[God]], such is worship of Radha Krishna. Traditions worshiping Krishna, as ''[[svayam bhagavan]]'', who is male, include reference and veneration to his Radha, who is worshiped as supreme. A view that exists of orthodox Krishnaism, the sect of the worship of Krishna, is that Radha is shakti and Krishna is shaktiman and are always found without any tinge of materialistic attributes or cause.&lt;ref&gt;Kakoli Basak, (1991) Rabindranath Tagore, a Humanist - p. 11&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Theology and philosophy==<br /> From the Vaishnava point of view the divine feminine energy (''[[shakti]]'') implies a divine source of energy, God or ''shaktiman''. &quot;[[Sita]] relates to [[Rama]]; [[Lakshmi]] belongs to [[Narayana]]; [[Radha]] has her [[Krishna]].&quot; As Krishna is believed to be [[svayam bhagavan|the source of all manifestations]] of [[God]], &quot;Radha, his consort, is the original source of all ''[[shakti]]s''&quot; or feminine manifestation of divine energy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Rosen|2002|p=54}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The first theologo-philosophical justification for worshiping Radha-Krishna was given by [[Nimbarkacharya]], a founder of the [[Nimbarka Sampradaya]] in 12th or 13th century CE.{{sfn|Ramnarace|2014|p=}} In accordance with the [[Sahitya Akademi]] Encyclopaedia, he more than any other acharyas gave Radha a place as a deity.{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1415}}<br /> <br /> A number of interpretations according to traditions possess a common root of personalism in the understanding of worship. Specifically Chaitanyaite [[Gaudiya Vaishnava]] doctrine and mission is fiercely &quot;personalistic,&quot; proclaiming the supremacy of Krishna, the identification of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]] as Radha-Krishna, the reality and eternality of individual selves, and a method for approaching the absolute reality and the Deity as a person first and foremost.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Valpey|2006|p=110}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Jiva Goswami]] in his ''Priti Sandarbha'' states that each of the Gopis exhibits a different level of intensity of passion, among which Radha's is the greatest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schweig|2005|p=125}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In his famous dialogs [[Ramananda Raya]] describes Radha to Chaitanya and quotes, among other texts, a verse from [[Chaitanya Charitamrta]] 2.8.100, before he goes on to describe her role in the pastimes of [[Vrindavana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schweig|2005|p=126}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The central pivot point of the theology is related to the word [[rasa (theology)|rasa]]. The theological use of the word can be found very early, about two thousand years before the Nimbarka or Chaitanya schools, in a phrase that the tradition frequently quotes: &quot;Truly, the Lord is ''rasa''&quot; (''raso vai sah'') from the [[Brahma sutras]]. This statement expresses the view that God is the one who enjoys the ultimate rasa or spiritual rapture, emotions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schweig|2005|p=79}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to [[Krishnananda Saraswati|Swami Krishnananda]], between the two incarnations of [[Vishnu]], [[Rama]] signifies human perfection, whereas Krishna represents divine perfection; Rama establishes the ideals of &quot;discipline, law, conduct and righteousness&quot; and hence is called ''Maryada-Purushottama'', and [[Krishna]] represents &quot;God playing the divine sport of his transcendent and supermental magnificence, glory and perfection in the world of mortals&quot;, and hence is called ''Lila-Purushottama''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dlshq.org/religions/theology/ Theology By Sri Swami Krishnananda]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In traditions==<br /> Radha Krishna are worshiped in the following [[Hindu denominations]]:<br /> &lt;!--LISTING AS PER ALPHABETICAL ORDER, DON'T CHANGE IT WITHOUT VALID REASONS--&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Bhagavata===<br /> {{Main|Bhagavata}}<br /> <br /> In Vedic and [[Purana|Puran]]ic literature, Radha and other forms of the root word ''Radh'' have meaning of ‘perfection’, ‘success’ and even ‘wealth’. Lord of Success, Indra was referred to as ''Radhaspati''. In references to [[Mahavishnu]] as the Lord of Fortune and freely used by [[Jayadeva]] as ''Jaya Jayadeva Hare'' – the victorious [[Hari]], and ‘''Radhaspati''’ all found in many places. The word Radha occurs in the Atharva Veda, Taittiriya Brahmana and Taittiriya Samhita.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iskcondesiretree.com/m/blogpost?id=2103886:BlogPost:2629710|title=Lord Krishna and Rama in the Primary Vedas – ISKCON Desire Tree - Devotee Network|website=www.iskcondesiretree.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-09|archive-date=2018-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063507/http://www.iskcondesiretree.com/m/blogpost?id=2103886:BlogPost:2629710|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Charlotte Vaudeville]], in the article ''Evolution of Love Symbolism in Bhagavatism'' draws some parallel to Nappinnai, appearing in Godha's magnum opus Thiruppavai and in [[Nammalwar]]'s references to Nappinnani, the daughter-in-law of Nandagopa. Nappinnai is believed to be the source of Radha's conception in [[Prakrit]] and [[Sanskrit]] literature although their characteristic relations with Krishna are different. In the ritual dance called Kuravai, Krishna dances with his wife Nappinnai. &quot;It is a complex relationship, for the devotee is the ‘same as and yet different from’ the Lord, and so even in the joy of union there is the pain of separation. Indeed, the highest form of devotion, according to Yamunacarya, comes not in union but after the union, in the ‘fear of new separation’&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Charlotte Vaudeville, &quot;Evolution of Love Symbolism in Bhagavatism&quot;, ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'' LXXXII (1962), 39&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[Yashastilaka|Yasastilaka Champukavya]]'' (959 CE) and [[Gaha Sattasai]] make references to Radha and Krishna well before Jayadeva's period.{{sfn|Miller|1975}} There are elaborate references of Radha and Krishna in [[Brahma Vaivarta Purana]], [[Garga Samhita (Vaishnavite text)|Garga Samhita]] and [[Padma Purana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sankeertanam.com/saints%20texts/Jayadeva%20%26%20Gita%20Govindam_2003_SK.pdf |title=Musical Saints of India |access-date=2013-12-27 |archive-date=2017-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215100851/http://www.sankeertanam.com/saints%20texts/Jayadeva%20%26%20Gita%20Govindam_2003_SK.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Gaudiya Vaishnava Sampradaya===<br /> {{Main|Gaudiya Vaishnavism}}<br /> <br /> [[Gaudiya Vaishnava]], as the name suggests, usually refers to the region of Bengal. Early [[Bengal]]i literature gives a vivid description of the depiction and evolution of understanding of Radha and Krishna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chatterji&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author = Chatterji, S.K. |year =1936 |title = Purana Legends and the Prakrit Tradition in New Indo-Aryan |jstor=608054 |pages = 457–466 |volume = 8 |issue = 2 |journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies |doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00141096<br /> |s2cid =162425847 }} literary study of their lyric literature of Bengal Vaishnavism, has given a useful conspectus of the &quot;Historical Development of the Radha-Krishna Legend&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In this Bengali tradition, metaphysical status and Radha-worship are considered to have been established by Krsnadasa in his [[Chaitanya Charitamrta]], where he represents the doctrine that prevailed among the [[Vrindavan]] Caitanyaites following Caitanya's demise in 1533. It is believed that Krishna, desiring to experience fully what it is like to love Krishna as Radha does, appeared as [[Caitanya Mahaprabhu]]. And what Radha (appearing as [[Caitanya]]) does in her longing for Krishna is to chant his names.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Valpey|2006|pp=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt; One of the self manifested Deities established by [[Gopala Bhatta Goswami]] is called [[Radha Ramana]]. Since Chaityana Mahaprabhu is seen as combined form of Radha-Krishna, Radha Ramana is viewed not only as Krishna, but as a unified form of Radha-Krishna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Valpey|2006|p=52}}&lt;/ref&gt; And worship in his temple, located in the centre of [[Vrindavana]] is a perpetual daily affair, involving several prescribed events throughout the day,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Valpey|2006|p=58}}&lt;/ref&gt; with the goal of being theoretical and remote, but with aspiration of the possibility to attend and associate directly with Radha and Krishna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Valpey|2006|p=75}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Manipuri Vaishnavism ====<br /> {{See also|Manipuri Vaishnavism}}<br /> The [[Manipuri Vaishnavism]] is a regional variant of Gaudiya Vaishnavism with a culture-forming role among the [[Meitei people]] in the north-eastern Indian state of [[Manipur]].{{sfn|Singh|2004|pp=125–132}} There, after a short period of [[Ramanandi Sampradaya|Ramaism]] penetration, Gaudiya Vaishnavism spread in the early 18th century, especially from beginning its second quarter. Raja [[Gharib Nawaz (Manipur)|Gharib Nawaz (Pamheiba)]] under the influence of [[Narottama Dasa|Natottama Thakura]]'s disciples was initiated into the Chaitanya tradition with worship of Radha-Krishna as the supreme deity.{{sfn|Singh|2004|p=128}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ML&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author= chief ed. K. Ayyappa Paniker.|title=Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |location=New Delhi |year=1997 |isbn=81-260-0365-0}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&amp;pg=RA1-PA327 p.327]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=g-wbAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Manipur+Radha Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature - p. 4290], Amaresh Datta, Mohan Lal, 1994.&lt;/ref&gt; Every village there has a Thakur-ghat and a temple.&lt;ref name=&quot;years&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Shanti Swarup |title=5000 Years of Arts and Crafts in India and Pakistan |location=New Delhi |year=1968 |page=272}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=lnVQAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Manipur+Radha p.183].&lt;/ref&gt; [[Manipuri Raas Leela]] and other dances are a feature of the regional folk and religious tradition and often, for example, a female dancer will portray both Krishna and his consort, Radha, in the same piece.{{sfn|Singh|2004|p=128}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schwartz|2004|p=35}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Haridasi Sampradaya ===<br /> The Haridasi tradition was founded by [[Vrindavan]] saint and musician, [[Swami Haridas]], in the 16th century in Vrindavan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Beck |first=Guy L. |title=Haridāsī Sampradāya |date=2018-05-29 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-encyclopedia-of-hinduism/haridasi-sampradaya-COM_9000000045?lang=en#d62543552e458 |encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |access-date=2023-06-30 |publisher=Brill |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The theology of Haridasi tradition revolves around the divine couple Radha Krishna and the [[Gopi|cowherd maidens]] who serve them.{{sfn|Vemsani|2016|p=118}} In Haridasi tradition, Radha is considered as the supreme deity, even above Krishna.{{sfn|Vemsani|2016|p=222}}<br /> <br /> ===Nimbarka Sampradaya===<br /> {{Main|Nimbarka Sampradaya}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Shankhchakra.jpg|thumb|The Shankha-Chakra-Tilaka emblems of the Sri Nimbarka Sampradaya.]]<br /> The [[Nimbarka Sampradaya]] worship the youthful form of Krishna, alone or with his consort Radha, is one of the earliest dating at least to the 12th century CE, just as [[Rudra Sampradaya]] does.&lt;ref&gt;The penny cyclopædia [ed. by G. Long]. 1843, p.390 [https://books.google.com/books?id=_8cWRilIuE0C&amp;dq=rudra+sampradaya&amp;pg=RA1-PA390]&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Hardy|1987|pp=387–392}}{{sfn|Ramnarace|2014|p=}} According to [[Nimbarkacharya]], a founder of the sampradaya, Radha is the eternal consort and wedded wife of Krishna, who lives forever with him in Goloka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sunil Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyyNIL7Ug2kC&amp;q=chaitanya+charitamrit&amp;pg=PA14 |title=Krishna-cult in Indian Art |date=1996 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-001-6 |pages=13 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sharda Arya, Sudesh Narang, ''Religion and Philosophy of the Padma-purāṇa: Dharmaśāstra.'' Miranda House (University of Delhi). Dept. of Sanskrit, India University Grants Commission, 1988. 547, p.30&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Melville T. Kennedy, ''The Chaitanya Movement: A Study of the Vaishnavism of Bengal'', 1925. 270, p.7&lt;/ref&gt; Nimbarka's philosophical position is dualistic monism and he centered all his devotion to Krishna and his consort Radha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The Nimbarka Sampradaya is one of the four bona fide Vaishnavite traditions. Lack of evidence due to the destruction of Mathura and Vrindavan in the 13th century and 14th century has meant that the true dates and origins of this tradition are shrouded in mystery and await investigation.[[File:Jayadeva bow to Radha-krishna.jpg|thumb|[[Jayadeva]] worshipping of Radha Krishna.]][[File:Krishna-radha ardhanari.jpg|thumb|Radha-Krishna [[ardhanari]]—depicted as half-male and half-female]]<br /> <br /> Nimbarka, who is widely held by scholars such as Satyanand Joseph, Prof. Rasik Bihari Joshi, Prof. M. M. Aggrawal etc., to be at least of the same time or before the appearance of [[Shankaracharya]], was the first acharya to worship Radha along with Krishna in Sakhi Bhava Upasana method of worship.{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1415}} In his ''Vedanta Kamadhenu Dashashloki'' (verse 6), it is clearly stated that:<br /> {{Verse translation<br /> |ange tu vaame vrishabhaanujaam mudaa viraajamaanaam anuruupasaubhagaam.<br /> sakhiisahasraih parisevitaam sadaa smarema deviim sakalestakaamadaam<br /> |The left portion of the body of the Supreme Lord is Shrimati Radha, seated blissfully, as beautiful as the Lord Himself; who is served by thousands of gopis: we meditate on the Supreme Goddess, the fulfiller of all desires.}}<br /> <br /> This theme was taken up by [[Jayadeva]] Goswami and other poets of the time who saw the inherent beauty and bliss which constitute this philosophy.{{sfn|Datta|1988|pp=1414–1423}} In his [[Gita Govinda]] Krishna speaks to Radha:<br /> {{blockquote|&lt;poem&gt;<br /> O woman with desire, place on this patch of flower-strewn floor your lotus foot,<br /> And let your foot through beauty win,<br /> To me who am the Lord of All, O be attached, now always yours.<br /> O follow me, my little Radha.<br /> &lt;/poem&gt;|sign=Jayadeva|source=''Gita Govinda''{{sfn|Archer|2004|loc=5.2 The Gita Govinda}}}}<br /> <br /> It is believed, however, that the source of Jayadeva's heroine in his poem remains a puzzle of the Sanskrit Literature. At the same time there are well documented references to works earlier than Gita Govinda, which some count to be more than twenty. The figure of Radha is one of the most elusive in the literature of Sanskrit; she is described only in a few selected passages of Prakrit or Sanskrit poetry, a few inscriptions and a few works on grammar, poetry and drama. Jayadeva has referred to them and created an exquisite lyrical poem of passionate devotion in the 12th century CE, and from this poetic beginning a huge movement specific to Bengal began.{{sfn|Miller|1975|pp=655–671}}{{sfn|Love Song of the Dark Lord: Jayadeva's Gītagovinda|1977}}<br /> <br /> In this sampradaya, the significance of Radha is not less than the significance of Sri Krsna. Both are conjointly the object to be worshiped in this school of Nimbarka,&lt;ref&gt;Ramesh M. Dave, K. K. A. Venkatachari, ''The Bhakta-bhagawan Relationship: Paramabhakta Parmeshwara Sambandha''. Sya. Go Mudgala, Bochasanvasi Shri Aksharpurushottama Sanstha, 1988. p.74&lt;/ref&gt; who is also one of the first commentators on [[Brahma Sutras]] under the name ''Vedanta-Parijata-Saurabha''. The later [[acharya]]s of the Nimbarka Sampradaya in the 13th and 14th centuries in [[Vrindavan]]a composed much literature on the Divine Couple. Swami Sri Sribhatta, the elder god-brother of Jayadeva composed the Yugala Shataka for the Dhrupada style of musical presentation like Jayadeva, however unlike Jayadeva who composed his work in [[Sanskrit]], Swami Shribhatta's compositions are in Vraja language, a [[Hindi]] vernacular which was understood by all inhabitants of [[Vraja]]. Indeed, the rest of the acharyas of this tradition wrote in Vraja language and due to the lack of prevalence of this language in modern times, very little research has been done, even though these Acharyas predate the [[Six Goswamis]] of Vrindavan by centuries. Rare exception was Vijay Ramnarace's PhD thesis in 2014.{{sfn|Ramnarace|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> In any case, the sole object of worship in the Nimbarka Sampradaya is the unified Divine Couple of Shri Radha Krishna. According to the 16th century Mahavani written by [[Harivyasa devacharya|Jagadguru Swami Sri Harivyasa Devacharya]] -<br /> <br /> ''&quot;radhaamkrsnasvaroopaam vai, krishnam raadhaasvarupinam; kalaatmaanam nikunjastham gururoopam sadaa bhaje&quot;''<br /> <br /> [[File:Krishna and Radha looking into a mirror. - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Radha Krishna looking into the mirror (1800 CE painting)]]<br /> <br /> which means &quot;I ceaselessly praise Radha who is none other than Krishna, and Sri Krishna who is none other than Radha, whose unity is represented by the Kaamabeeja and who are forever resident in Nikunja [[Goloka]] Vrindavana.&quot;{{sfn|Ramnarace|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> The contribution from the [[Nimbarka Sampradaya]] to the philosophy of Radha Krishna is undeniable, as the philosophy and theology originate in it.<br /> <br /> ===Pranami Sampradaya===<br /> {{Main|Pranami Sampradaya}}<br /> The [[Pranami|Pranami Sampradaya]] (Pranami Panth) emerged in the 17th century in [[Gujarat]], based on the Radha-Krishna-focussed syncretic Hindu-[[Islam]]ic teachings of Devchandra Maharaj and his famous successor, Mahamati Prannath.{{sfn|Toffin|2012|pp=249–254}}<br /> <br /> ===Pushtimarg Sampradaya===<br /> {{Main|Pushtimarg}}<br /> [[Vallabha]]charya, founder of [[Pushtimarg]] tradition even before Chaitanya, worshipped Radha, where according to some sects, the devotees identify mainly with the female companion (''sakhis'') of Radha who are privileged to arrange intimate pastimes for RadhaKrishna.&lt;ref name=White1990&gt;{{cite journal<br /> | author = White, C.S.J.<br /> | year = 1990<br /> | title = Vallabhacarya on the Love Games of Krsna<br /> | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society<br /> | volume = 110<br /> | issue = 2<br /> | pages = 373–374<br /> | doi = 10.2307/604565<br /> | last2 = Redington<br /> | first2 = James D.<br /> | jstor=604565<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> One of the prominent poets of this tradition, which also called Radhavallabhi, named Dhruvadasa was notable for being principally concerned with the private relationships of Radha and Krishna. In his poetry ''Caurasi Pad'' and in the commentaries of his followers, the concentration is in meditation on the unique benefits of constant reflection on the [[lila (Hinduism)|eternal lila]].<br /> <br /> Radhavallabhis share with their Vaishnava co-religionists a great regard for [[Bhagavata Purana]], but some of the pastimes that are outside the scope of relationships with Radha and [[gopis]] do not feature in the concept of this school. Emphasis is placed on the sweetness of the relationship, or [[rasa (theology)|rasa]].&lt;ref name=Snell1992&gt;{{cite book<br /> | author = Snell, R.<br /> | isbn = 0-521-41311-7<br /> | year = 1992<br /> | title = Synoptic and sectarian bhakti in the poetry of Dhruvdas<br /> | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BE40dp6SCFUC&amp;pg=PA247<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Radha Vallabh Sampradaya===<br /> {{Main|Radha Vallabh Sampradaya}}<br /> <br /> The Radha-centered [[Radha Vallabh Sampradaya]] founded by [[Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu]] in the 16th century occupies a special position among other traditions. In its theology, Radha is worshiped as the supreme deity, and Krishna is in a subordinate position.{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2loc=chapter 1|3a1=Rosenstein|3y=1998|3p= |4a1=Beck|4y=2005|4p=}}<br /> <br /> ===Swaminarayan Sampradaya===<br /> {{Main|Swaminarayan Sampradaya}}<br /> Radha-Krishna Dev has a special place in the [[Swaminarayan Sampradaya]] as [[Swaminarayan]] himself referred to Radha Krishna in the [[Shikshapatri]] he wrote.&lt;ref name=&quot;swaminarayan.nu&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.swaminarayan.nu/sampraday/shiksha.shtml | title =Shikshapatri, verse 109 by Swaminarayan | access-date =2008-05-15 | archive-date =2012-02-10 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120210201259/http://www.swaminarayan.nu/sampraday/shiksha.shtml | url-status =live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Further, he himself ordered the construction of temples in which Radha Krishna have been installed as deities. Swaminarayan &quot;explained that Krishna appears in many forms. When he is together with Radha, he is regarded as supreme lord under the name of Radha-Krishna; with Rukmini he is known as [[Lakshminarayan|Lakshmi-Narayana]].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Williams|2001|p=74}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first temple constructed in the sect, built in [[Ahmedabad]] in 1822, houses the images of [[Nara Narayana]], forms of [[Arjuna]] and Krishna, in the central shrine. The shrine on the left of the hall has [[murti]]s of Radha Krishna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Williams|2001|p=96}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to the philosophy of the tradition there were many female companions of Krishna, [[gopi]]s, but out of all of them Radha was considered to be the perfect devotee. Those who wish to come close to Krishna must cultivate the devotional qualities of Radha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Williams|2001|p=85}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to theory the sect has set aside [[Goloka]] as the supreme heaven or abode (in fact, in some of their temples, such as the [[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Mumbai|Mumbai Temple]], the murtis installed are those of Shri Gaulokvihari and Radhikaji), because there Krishna is supposed to be enjoying himself with his Gopis,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Williams|2001|p=59}}&lt;/ref&gt; who according to the Swaminarayana sampradaya the milkmaids with whom Krishna danced; his relations with them symbolize the relation of God with the devotee in reciprocation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Williams|2001|loc=back matter}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Vaishnava-Sahajiya===<br /> {{Main|Vaishnava-Sahajiya}}<br /> Since the 15th century CE, the [[Tantra|Tantric]] [[Vaishnava-Sahajiya]] tradition flourished in Bengal and [[Assam]], inspired by Bengali spiritual poet [[Chandidas]], where Krishna is the inner divine aspect of man and Radha is the aspect of woman.{{sfn|Basu|1932}}{{sfn|Hayes|2005|pp=19–32}}<br /> <br /> The date of Chandidas poem ''Srikrsnakirtana'' is still under question however the text remains one of the most important evidences of early portrayal of the popular story of &quot;Lord Krishna's love for the cowherd girl [[Radha]]&quot; in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] literature and religion. The 412 songs of ''Srikrsnakirtana'' are divided into thirteen sections that represent the core of the Radha-Krishna legendary cycle, with many variants providing excellent comparative material. The manuscript clearly suggests that the songs were meant to be song, and implies particular ''[[raga]]s'' for the recitation. There is considerable debate as to the authenticity of the text that has significant religious meaning.&lt;ref name=Stewart1986&gt;{{cite journal<br /> | author = Stewart, T.K.<br /> | year = 1986<br /> | title = Singing the Glory of Lord Krishna: The&quot; Srikrsnakirtana<br /> | journal = Asian Folklore Studies<br /> | volume = 4554<br /> | issue = 1<br /> | pages = 152–154<br /> | doi = 10.2307/1177851<br /> | last2 = Caṇḍīdāsa<br /> | first2 = Baṛu<br /> | last3 = Klaiman<br /> | first3 = M. H.<br /> | last4 = Candidasa<br /> | first4 = Baru<br /> | jstor=1177851<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Warkari Tradition ===<br /> In [[Warkari]] tradition which is majorly based in the region of [[Maharashtra]], Radha and Krishna are often venerated in their regional forms of [[Rahi (goddess)|Rahi]] and [[Vithoba]], also called Vithala. According to the local legends, Rahi (Radha) is the wife of Vithala (Krishna).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pande |first=Dr Suruchi |date=2008 |title=Vithoba of Pandharpur |url=http://www.advaitaashrama.org/pb_archive/2008/PB_2008_August.pdf |journal=Prabuddha Bharat |volume=113 |pages=447 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221081306/http://www.advaitaashrama.org/pb_archive/2008/PB_2008_August.pdf |archive-date=21 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Novetzke|first=C.L.|title=A family affair: Krishna comes to Pandharpur and makes himself at home|date=2005-01-01|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292378289|pages=113–138|access-date=2022-01-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Outside Hinduism==<br /> <br /> [[File:Krishna and Radha seated in a bower (6124543159).jpg|thumb|Radha Krishna art inspired by Gita Govinda]]<br /> <br /> Outside [[Hinduism]], [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]] are mentioned in the scriptures and commentaries of [[Jainism]] and [[Sikhism]].<br /> <br /> [[Guru Gobind Singh]], in his ''[[Dasam Granth]]a'', describes Radha the, ''sukl bhis rika'', thus : &quot;Radhika went out in the light of the white soft moon, wearing a white robe to meet her Lord. It was white everywhere and hidden in it, she appeared like the light itself in search of Him&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Randhawa|first=M.S|title=Kangra Valley Painting|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting|year=2017|isbn=9788123024783}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In many [[Jainism|Jain]] commentaries including the popular ''Venisamhara'' by [[Bhatta Narayana|Narayana Bhatta]] and ''Dhvanyaloka'' by [[Anandavardhana]] written in 7th century Radha and Krishna are mentioned. Jain scholars like Somadeva Suri and Vikram Bhatta continued mentioning Radha-Krishna between 9th-12th century in their literary works.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Gokhale |first1=Namita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWJ7DwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Radha+in+Padma+Purana |title=Finding Radha: The Quest for Love |last2=Lal |first2=Malashri |date=2018-12-10 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-361-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Miller|1975}}<br /> <br /> ==Temples==<br /> [[File:Gopinathji Maharaj Gadhada Mandir.jpg|thumb|Radha (right), Krishna (center) at [[Swaminarayan Mandir, Gadhada|Swaminarayan temple Gadhada]], Gujarat]]<br /> [[File:Interiors of Laljiu Temple, Ambika Kalna WLM2016-0193.jpg|thumb|A devotee reading holy book inside the interiors of dedicated to Radha-Krishna 18th-century Lalji Temple, [[Kalna City|Kalna]], West Bengal]]<br /> {{commons category|Radha Krishna temples}}<br /> <br /> '''In India'''<br /> <br /> Temples of ''Shri Radha Krishna'' are prevalent throughout India and the world. However, [[Braj]] region including [[Vrindavan]], [[Barsana]], [[Gokul]], [[Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh|Nandgaon]], and [[Mathura]] are considered to be the centers of Radha Krishna worship. Some of the important temples of Radha Krishna in Braj region are -<br /> <br /> '''''In [[Vrindavan]]''''' — [[Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan|Shri Radha Madan Mohan temple]], Shri Govind Dev ji temple, [[Radha Raman Temple|Shri Radha Raman temple]], Shri Radha Gokulananda temple, [[Radha Damodar Temple, Vrindavan|Shri Radha Damodar temple]], [[Bankey Bihari Temple|Shri Bankey Bihari temple]], Shri Jugal Kishore temple, Shri Radha Gopinath temple, Shri Radha Shyamasundar temple, [[Prem Mandir, Vrindavan|Prem Mandir]], Shahji temple, [[ISKCON Temple, Vrindavan|ISKCON temple]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Rosen|2002|p=117}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nidhivan, Vrindavan|Nidhivan temple]], Seva Kunj temple, [[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan|Shri Radha Vallabh temple]], [[Kusum Sarovar]], [[Radha Kund]], Pagal Baba temple, Shri Radha Raas Bihari Ashtsakhi Temple, Priyakant ju temple, and [[Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir|Shri Vrindavan Chandrodaya temple]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Rājaśekhara Dāsa |year=2000 |title=The Color Guide to Vṛndāvana: India's Most Holy City of Over 5,000 Temples |publisher=Vedanta Vision Publication |url={{Google books|Q1cvAAAAYAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''''In [[Mathura]]''' -'' [[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex|Shri Krishna Janambhoomi temple]] and [[Dwarkadhish Temple, Mathura|Shri Dwarkadhish temple]]<br /> <br /> '''''In [[Barsana]]''''' - [[Radha Rani Temple|Shri Radha Rani Temple (Shreeji temple)]], [[Rangeeli Mahal Barsana|Rangeeli Mahal]] (Kirti Mandir), Shri Maan Mandir (Maan Garh)<br /> <br /> '''''In [[Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh|Nandgaon]]''''' - Shri NandBaba temple<br /> <br /> '''''In''''' '''''[[Gokul]]''''' - Shri Nand Yashoda Bhawan, Raman Reti temple<br /> <br /> '''''In [[Bhandirvan, Vrindavan|Bhandirvan]]''''' [[Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali, Bhandirvan|- Shri Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali]], Shri Radha Bhandirbihari temple<br /> <br /> Some other important Radha Krishna temples across India are - [[Govind Dev Ji Temple|Shri Radha Govind Dev ji temple]] in [[Jaipur]], Lalji Temple in [[Kalna City|Kalna]], [[Hare Krishna Golden Temple]] in [[Hyderabad]], Murlidhar Krishna Temple in [[Naggar]], [[Shree Govindajee Temple|Shri Govindajee temple]] in [[Imphal]], [[Madan Mohan Temple, Karauli|Madan Mohan temple]] in [[Karauli]], [[Mayapur Chandrodaya Mandir]] in [[Nadia district|Nadia]], [[Swaminarayan Mandir, Gadhada|Swaminarayan temple Gadhada]] in [[Botad]], [[Swaminarayan Mandir, Vadtal|Swaminarayan temple Vadtal]] in [[Kheda]], [[ISKCON Temple Bangalore|Iskcon Bangalore]], [[ISKCON Temple Chennai|Iskcon Chennai]], [[ISKCON Temple, Delhi|Iskcon Delhi]], [[Radha Damodar Temple, Junagadh]], [[Bhakti Mandir Mangarh]], [[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Mumbai|Swaminarayan temple Mumbai]], Iskcon temple Mumbai, Iskcon temple Ujjain, [[Swaminarayan Mandir, Bhuj|Swaminarayan temple Bhuj]], [[ISKCON Temple Patna|Iskcon temple Patna]], [[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Dholera|Swaminarayan temple Dholera]] near [[Ahmedabad]], Radha Krishna temple of [[Baba Baroh|Baroh]] in [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], historical [[List of temples in Bishnupur|temples in Bishnupur]] of [[Bankura district]] including [[Rasmancha, Bishnupur|Rasmancha]], [[Radha Shyam Temple]], [[Shyam Ray Temple]], Jor Bangla, and [[Radha Madhab Temple]].<br /> <br /> '''Outside India'''<br /> [[File:Iskcon (6640436).jpeg|thumb|Radha Krishna temple in Wheeling, West Virginia]]<br /> There are many Vaishnavism traditions that spread the worship of Radha Krishna across the world. There are around 850 [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Iskcon]] temples spread across the world which promotes the worship of Radha Krishna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Valpey|2006|p=109}}&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, [[Swaminarayan Sampradaya]] has also established multiple temples outside India in which ''Radha Krishna Dev'' are worshipped. [[Radha Madhav Dham]] in [[Austin, Texas]] built by [[Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat]] is one of the biggest Radha Krishna temple in the Western hemisphere. In Malaysia, [[Sri Kunj Bihari Temple|Shri Kunj Bihari temple]] is one of the historic temple of Radha-Krishna established in 1835.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2023-09-12 |title=Origins and History of Sri Kunj Bihari Temple and some other temples |url=http://www.penangstory.net.my/indian-content-papersatish.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Penang Tourism |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Hymns==<br /> The ''[[Shri Radhika Krishnastaka]]'' (also called the Radhashtak) is a [[hymn]]. It is said that the reciter can get to Krishna via Radha by chanting it. The other popular songs and prayers include — ''Yugalashtakam'' written by [[Jiva Goswami]] which glorifies the love and inseparability of the divine couple Radha Krishna and [[Jayadeva]]'s much acclaimed work ''[[Gita Govinda]]'' which was written in the 12th century and is still the part of temple songs of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath temple, Puri]].{{sfn|Datta|1988|pp=1419–1420}} ''Radhe Krishna'' — the maha-mantra of [[Nimbarka Sampradaya]] is as follows:<br /> {{blockquote|&lt;poem&gt;<br /> ''Rādhe Kṛṣṇa Rādhe Kṛṣṇa''<br /> ''Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Rādhe Rādhe''<br /> ''Rādhe Shyām Rādhe Shyām''<br /> ''Shyām Shyām Rādhe Rādhe''&lt;/poem&gt;}}<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|title=<br /> |File:Sri Radha Krishna at Parashakthi Temple.jpg|Shree Radha Krishna Ashta Shakthi Mandir at [[Parashakthi Temple]], Pontiac, USA<br /> |File:Lord Krishna and Radha in ISKCON, Pune.jpg|Radha Krishna idols at [[ISKCON Temple, Pune|Iskcon Temple Pune]]<br /> |File:Radha govinda.jpg| Radha Krishna at [[Hare Krishna Golden Temple]], Hyderabad<br /> |File:Radha Krishna at Sheesh Mahal Lahore.jpg|<br /> Gilded mural of Radha Krishna in [[Kangra painting|Kangra style]] at [[Sheesh Mahal (Lahore Fort)|Sheesh Mahal, Lahore]]<br /> |File:Radha Krishna Idol, Lalji Temple, Kalna.jpg|Radha Krishna idols in Lalji Temple, [[Bishnupur (West Bengal)|Bishnupur]]|mode=packed}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> *''[[Krishna and Radha in a Pavilion]]''<br /> *[[Lakshmi Narayan]]<br /> *[[Goloka]]<br /> *[[Bankey Bihari Temple|Banke Bihari Temple, Vrindavan]]<br /> *[[Radha Rani Temple|Radha Rani Temple, Barsana]]<br /> *[[Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali, Bhandirvan]]<br /> *[[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan]]<br /> <br /> ==Footnotes==<br /> {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ===References===<br /> {{Refbegin|2}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Archer |given=W. G. |author-link=W.G. Archer |title=The Loves of Krishna in Indian Painting and Poetry |url={{Google books|czLDAgAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2004 |orig-year=1957 |place=Mineola, NY |publisher=Dover Publ. |isbn=0-486-43371-4}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Basu |given=M. M. |title=The Post-Caitanya Sahajiya Cult of Bengal |year=1932 |place=Calcutta |publisher=University of Calcutta Press}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Beck |given=Guy L. |chapter=Krishna as Loving Husband of God: The Alternative Krishnology of the Rādhāvallabha Sampradaya |pages=65–90 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&amp;pg=PA65 |title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity |url={{Google books|0SJ73GHSCF8C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |editor=Guy L. Beck |place=Albany, NY |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7914-6415-1}}<br /> * {{cite encyclopedia |editor-surname=Datta |editor-given=Amaresh |title=Gitagovinda |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |year=1988 |volume=2 |place=New Delhi |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&amp;pg=PA1414 |pages=1414–1423 |isbn=81-260-1194-7}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Schweig |first=Graham M. |chapter=Krishna: The Intimate Deity |editor1-last=Bryant |editor1-first=Edwin F. |editor2-last=Ekstrand |editor2-first=Maria L. |title=The Hare Krisha Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant |date=2004 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231508438 |url=https://shringargarah.com/yugal-jodi-dress/}}<br /> * {{cite encyclopedia |year=1987 |surname=Hardy |given=Friedhelm E. |author-link=Friedhelm Hardy |title=Kṛṣṇaism |editor=Mircea Eliade |editor-link=Mircea Eliade |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Religion |pages=387–392 |place=New York |publisher=MacMillan |volume=8 |isbn=978-0-02897-135-3 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/krsnaism |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]]}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Hawley |given=John Stratton |year=2005 |title=Three Bhakti Voices. Mirabai, Surdas, and Kabir in Their Time and Ours |url={{Google books|5LZjAAAAMAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |place=Oxford; New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0195670851}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Hayes |given=Glen Alexander |chapter=Contemporary Metaphor Theory and Alternative Views of Krishna and Rādhā in Vaishnava Sahajiyā |pages=19–32 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&amp;pg=PA19 |title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity |url={{Google books|0SJ73GHSCF8C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |editor=Guy L. Beck |place=Albany, NY |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7914-6415-1}}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Love Song of the Dark Lord: Jayadeva's Gītagovinda |translator=Miller, Barbara Stoler |translator-link=Barbara Stoler Miller |year=1977 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=0231040288 |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/love-song-of-the-dark-lord/9780231110976 |ref={{sfnref|Love Song of the Dark Lord: Jayadeva's Gītagovinda|1977}} |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225090752/https://cup.columbia.edu/book/love-song-of-the-dark-lord/9780231110976 |url-status=live}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last=Miller |first=Barbara S. |author-link=Barbara Stoler Miller |year=1975 |title=Rādhā: Consort of Kṛṣṇa's Vernal Passion |journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]] |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=655–671 |doi=10.2307/601022 |jstor=601022 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/601022|url-access=subscription }}<br /> * {{cite thesis |surname=Ramnarace |given=Vijay |year=2014 |title=Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa's Vedāntic Debut: Chronology &amp; Rationalisation in the Nimbārka Sampradāya |type=PhD thesis |place=University of Edinburgh |url=https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/26018/Ramnarace2015.pdf |access-date=2021-04-20 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/26018/Ramnarace2015.pdf |url-status=live}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Rosen |given=Steven |title=The hidden glory of India |publisher=[[Bhaktivedanta Book Trust]] |location=[[Los Angeles]] |year=2002 |isbn=0-89213-351-1}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last=Rosenstein |first=Lucy |date=1998 |title=The Rādhāvallabha and the Haridāsā Samprādayas: A Comparison |journal=[[Journal of Vaishnava Studies]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=5–18}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Rosenstein |given=Ludmila L. |chapter=The Devotional Poetry of Svami Haridas |title=A Study of Early Braj Bhasa Verse |year=1997 |series=Groningen Oriental Studies, 12 |place=Groningen |publisher=Egbert Forsten}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Schwartz |given=Susan |title=Rasa: performing the divine in India |url=https://archive.org/details/rasa00susa |url-access=registration |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |year=2004 |isbn=0-231-13145-3}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Schweig |given=Graham M. |title=Dance of Divine Love: The Rڄasa Lڄilڄa of Krishna from the Bhڄagavata Purڄana, India's classic sacred love story |publisher=Princeton University Press |place=Princeton, NJ |year=2005 |url={{Google books|TPOLHQAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |isbn=0-691-11446-3}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Singh |given=Kunj Bihari |year=2004 |orig-year=1963 |chapter=Manipur Vaishnavism: A Sociological Interpretation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mc6GAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA125 |title=Sociology of Religion in India |editor=Rowena Robinson |series=Themes in Indian Sociology, 3 |place=New Delhi |publisher=Sage Publ. India |pages=125–132 |url={{Google books|Mc6GAwAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |isbn=0-7619-9781-4}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Snell |given=Rupert |title=The Eighty-four Hymns of Hita Harivaṃśa: An Edition of the Caurāsī Pada |url={{Google books|jOs-G0-VIWQC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=1991 |place=Delhi; London |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]; School of Oriental and African Studies |isbn=81-208-0629-8}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Toffin |given=Gérard |chapter=The Power of Boundaries: Transnational Links among Krishna Pranamis of India and Nepal |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uuuICwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT249 |editor=John Zavos |display-editors=etal |title=Public Hinduisms |url={{Google books|uuuICwAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2012 |place=New Delhi |publisher=SAGE Publ. India |isbn=978-81-321-1696-7 |pages=249–254}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Valpey |given=Kenneth Russell |title=Attending Kṛṣṇa's image: Caitanya Vaiṣṇava mūrti-sevā as devotional truth |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-38394-3}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Vemsani |first=Lavanya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ |title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names |date=2016-06-13 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-211-3 |language=en}}<br /> * {{cite book |surname=White |given=Charles S. J. |title=The Caurāsī Pad of Śri Hit Harivaṃś: Introduction, Translation, Notes, and Edited Braj Bhaṣa |series=Asian studies at Hawaii, 16 |url={{Google books|X8Q_zgEACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=1977 |publisher=University Press of Hawaii |place=Honolulu |isbn=9780824803599 |issn=0066-8486}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond |year=2001 |title=Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-65422-7}}<br /> {{Refend}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> {{Refbegin|2}}<br /> * Kakar, Sudhir (Jan-June 1985). &quot;Erotic fantasy: the secret passion of Radha and Krishna&quot;, ''Contributions to Indian Sociology'' (New Series) 19, no.1. pp.&amp;nbsp;75–94.<br /> * {{cite book |surname=Banerjee |given=Samanta |title=Appropriation of a Folk-heroine: Radha in Medieval Bengali Vaishnavite Culture |url={{Google books|gPJEAQAAIAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=1993 |place=[[Shimla]] |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |isbn=8185952086}}<br /> * [[Barbara Stoler Miller|Miller, Barbara Stoller]] (1982). &quot;The divine duality of Radha and Krishna&quot;, in ''The Divine Consort'': ''Radha and the Goddesses of India'', eds. J. S. Hawley and D. M. Wulff. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;13–26.<br /> * Goswami, [[Rupa Goswami|Sri Rupa]]. ''Bhakti-Rasamrta-Sindhuh''. Vrindaban: Institute of Oriental Philosophy, 1965.<br /> * Ligier, Frédéric; Masson, Annick Le Scoëzec (2016). ''Les Amours de Râdhâ,'' Musique et poésie inspirées de miniatures de l'École de Kangra, Paris: Garamond.<br /> * Mishra, Baba (1999). ''&quot;Radha and her contour in Orissan culture&quot;''. In Orissan history, culture and archaeology. In Felicitation of Prof. P.K. Mishra. Ed. by S. Pradhan. (Reconstructing Indian History &amp; Culture 16). New Delhi. pp.&amp;nbsp;243–259.<br /> * {{cite journal | last1 = Patnaik | first1 = Debi Prasanna | year = 1955 | title = Concept of Radhakrishna in the Panchasakha Literature | journal = Proceedings of Indian Oriental Conference | volume = 18 | pages = 406–411}}<br /> * Prabhupada, [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami]]. ''Krsna: The Supreme Personality of Godhead''. [A Summary Study of Srila Vyasadeva's ''Srimad-Bhagavatam'', Tenth Canto.] Los Angeles: Bhaktivedanta Trust, 1970. 2 vols.<br /> * {{cite journal | last = Vaudeville | first = Ch. | year = 1962 | title = Evolution of Love-Symbolism in Bhagavatism | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 82 | issue = 1| pages = 31–40 | doi = 10.2307/595976 | jstor = 595976 }}<br /> * Wilson, Frances, ed. ''The Love of Krishna'': ''The Krsnakarnamarta of [[Lilasuka]] Bilvamangala''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975.<br /> * Wulff, D. M. ''The Divine Consort: Radha and the Goddesses of India'', Berkeley: University of California Press. 1982<br /> {{Refend}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www.radhadamodarmandir.com/ Shri Radha Damodar Temple], Vrindavan<br /> *[https://shreeradhadamodarji.org/ Shree Radha Damodar Temple] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828044757/https://shreeradhadamodarji.org/ |date=2022-08-28 }}, Junagadh<br /> *[http://www.ashtasakhimandir.org/temple.php Shri Radha Raas Bihari Ashtsakhi Temple], Vrindavan<br /> *[https://maanmandir.org/ Shri Maan Mandir] (Maan Garh), Barsana<br /> <br /> {{Krishna}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu deities]]<br /> [[Category:Swaminarayan Sampradaya]]<br /> [[Category:Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]<br /> [[Category:Forms of Krishna]]<br /> [[Category:Gender and Hinduism]]<br /> [[Category:Vaishnavism]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu given names]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=9th_Gorkha_Rifles&diff=467125 2026-01-16T05:06:50Z

<p>Sameer481: expanded structure per sources and added references per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Regiment of the Indian Army}}<br /> {{Infobox military unit<br /> | unit_name = 9th Gorkha Rifles<br /> | image = [[File:9th Gorkha Rifles Logo.svg|frameless|upright=0.9|class=skin-invert|200px]]<br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = <br /> | dates = 1817 – Present<br /> | country = {{flag|India}}<br /> | allegiance = <br /> | branch = {{army|India}}<br /> | type = Rifles<br /> | role = <br /> | size = 5 Battalions<br /> | command_structure = <br /> | garrison = [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | garrison_label = Regimental Centre<br /> | nickname = <br /> | patron = <br /> | motto = ''Kayar Hunu Bhanda Marnu Ramro कायर हुनु भन्दा मर्नु राम्रो (Better to die than live like a coward)''<br /> | colors = Red faced yellow&lt;br /&gt;1894 Dark Green; faced black<br /> | colors_label = <br /> | march = War Cry:'' Jai Maha Kali, Ayo Gorkhali (Hail Goddess Kali, The Gorkhas are here)''<br /> | mascot = <br /> | equipment = <br /> | equipment_label = <br /> | battles = <br /> | anniversaries = <br /> | decorations = 3 [[Victoria Cross]]&lt;br&gt;5 [[Maha Vir Chakra]]s&lt;br&gt;17 [[Vir Chakra]]s&lt;br&gt; 7 [[Shaurya Chakra]]s&lt;br&gt;13 [[Sena Medal]]s&lt;br&gt;1 [[Ashoka Chakra]]<br /> | battle_honours = '''Post Independence'''<br /> [[Battle of Phillora|Phillora]],&lt;br&gt; Kumarkhali and &lt;br&gt;Dera Baba Nanak<br /> &lt;!-- Commanders --&gt;| notable_commanders = &lt;!-- Insignia --&gt;<br /> | identification_symbol = A pair of crossed [[Khukri]]s with the numeral 9 below<br /> | identification_symbol_label = Regimental Insignia<br /> | identification_symbol_2 = {{center|[[File:Gorkha Hat logo.svg||frameless|upright=0.9|class=skin-invert|80px]]}}<br /> | identification_symbol_2_label = Identification symbol<br /> | current_commander = <br /> | current_commander_label = <br /> | ceremonial_chief = <br /> | ceremonial_chief_label = <br /> | colonel_of_the_regiment = [[Lt Gen]] Zubin A Minwalla&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.2025-12-27.268912/|title=Gazette of India, No 52|date=2025-12-27|access-date=2026-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | colonel_of_the_regiment_label = <br /> }}<br /> [[File:Kus or Khas, Goorkha, dominant tribe, Nipal.jpg|thumb| [[Chhetri]] or gorkhas]]<br /> The '''9th Gorkha Rifles''' is a [[Gorkha regiments (India)|Gorkha infantry]] regiment of the [[Indian Army]] and, previously, the [[British Army]]. The regiment was initially formed by the British in 1817, and was one of the Gurkha regiments transferred to the [[Indian Army]] after independence as part of the tripartite agreement in 1947. This Gorkha regiment mainly recruits soldiers who come from [[Nepal]]'s Gorkhali khas community i.e. the [[Chhetri]] and [[Thakuri]] clans and it was formed for only khas [[Chhetri]] and [[Thakuri]] . Domiciled Indian Gorkhas are also recruited, and they form about 20 percent of the regiment's total strength. The 9 Gorkha Rifles is one of the seven Gorkha regiments of the Indian Army. The other regiments are [[1 Gorkha Rifles|1 GR]], [[3 Gorkha Rifles|3 GR]], [[4 Gorkha Rifles|4 GR]], [[5 Gorkha Rifles|5 GR (FF)]], [[8 Gorkha Rifles|8 GR]] and [[11 Gorkha Rifles|11 GR]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{Cleanup section|reason=Broken footnotes|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> ===Pre-independence===<br /> The history of the 9th Gorkha Rifles dates back to 1817, when it was raised as the &quot;Fatehgarh Levy&quot;; this designation was changed the following year to the &quot;Mynpoory Levy&quot;. In 1823, the unit became the 1st Battalion, 32nd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry, although this only last until 1824 when it was renamed the &quot;63rd Regiment&quot;, and was formed as a regular unit as part of the [[Bengal Native Infantry]]. After the reorganisations that took place in the aftermath of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], the regiment's designation was changed to the &quot;9th Bengal Native Infantry&quot; in 1861;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/09GR.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113052940/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/southasia/gurkha/09GR.htm |archive-date=13 January 2006 |access-date=21 November 2020|title=9th Gurkha Rifles |work=Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and the Commonwealth }}&lt;/ref&gt; at this time one of its companies was formed by Gorkhas and the others by hillmen. By then the regiment had fought at Bhartpur and in the difficult [[Battle of Sobraon]] in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}<br /> <br /> By 1893, the regiment became a wholly Gorkha unit of [[Khas]] origin, accepting only those who were more closely linked to Hindu ways as compared to the Buddhist ways. In 1903, the regiment was designated as the 9th Gurkha Rifles.{{sfn|Carman|1969|p=210}}<br /> <br /> 9 GR fought in [[World War I]] in Europe,{{sfn|Parker|2005|pp=102–103}} and in the inter war years took part in the operations on the [[Military history of the North-West Frontier|North-West Frontier]].&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/punjabdisturbanc01lahouoft|title=Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette|date=9 April 2018|publisher=Lahore Civil and Military Gazette Press|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> In response to a peaceful civilian public gathering, that included entire families, temporary brigadier general R. E. H. Dyer blocked the only open entrance/exit to this meeting place with the 9th Gurkha infantry regiment of the British Army.[7] Thus the Jallianwala Bagh courtyard (where the event was taking place) could only be exited on 1 side, as its other 3 sides were locked.<br /> <br /> Dyer then ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to shoot even as the unarmed civilians tried to flee. The troops kept shooting until their ammunition was exhausted.[8] Dyer testified he ''... wanted to inflict a lesson that would have an impact throughout all of India.'' Dyer also had sat his disposal a British armored car sporting a machine gun, but it couldn't enter the courtyard as a result of a narrow passageway. When asked if he would have ordered the machine gun to be used to kill civilians he replied ''I think so probably.''<br /> <br /> Estimates of those killed (many argue murdered) vary from 379 to 1,500 or more people;[1] over 1,200 others were injured, of whom 192 sustained critical injuries.[9][10] Britain has never formally apologised for the massacre but expressed &quot;deep regret&quot; in 2019.[11].&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/punjabdisturbanc01lahouoft|title=Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette|date=9 April 2018|publisher=Lahore Civil and Military Gazette Press|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Men of the 2-9th Gurkha Rifles.jpg|thumb|left|Soldiers from 2/9 GR in Malaya, October 1941]]<br /> In [[World War II]], the regiment's battalions fought in [[Malayan campaign|Malaya]],{{sfn|Cross|Gurung|2007|p=37}} [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italy]], and [[North African campaign|North Africa]].{{sfn|Parker|2005|pp=164 &amp;210}} The 3/9 GR and 4/9 GR formed part of the [[Chindit]] operations in [[Burma]],{{sfn|Allen|2000|pp=351 &amp; 353}} and earned a reputation in the long range penetration operations.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}<br /> <br /> ===Post-independence===<br /> India gained its independence in 1947 and 9th Gorkha Rifles was one of six Gurkha regiments (out of 10) allocated to the [[Indian Army]] as part of the [[Britain-India-Nepal Tripartite Agreement|Tripartite Agreement]] between Britain, India and [[Nepal]].{{sfn|Cross|Gurung|2007|pp=169–171}}{{sfn|Parker|2005|p=224}} Since 1947 the regiment has fought in the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]], the 1/9 GR fought under the most demanding conditions on the [[Namka Chu]] in ([[Arunachal Pradesh]]).{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}<br /> <br /> The battalions of the regiment were involved in the [[1965 Indo-Pakistani War|1965]] and [[1971 Indo-Pakistani War|1971]] wars with [[Pakistan]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}<br /> <br /> ==Designations==<br /> [[File:British and Indian officers 9th Gurkhas at their headquarters (Photo 24-59).jpg|thumb|British and Indian officers 9th Gurkhas at their headquarters (Photo 24–59) in France. July 1915]]<br /> [[File:Khas or Kus group, Goorkha, dominant tribe, Nipal.jpg|thumb|Gorkhas from the Khas or Kus tribe]]<br /> The regiment has existed since 1817 under the following designations:{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}<br /> <br /> *1817–1819: Fatagarh Levy<br /> *1819–1824: Mianpuri Levy<br /> *1824–1861: 63rd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry<br /> *1861–1885: 9th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry<br /> *1885–1894: 9th Regiment of Bengal Infantry<br /> *1894–1901: 9th (Gurkha Rifle) Bengal Infantry<br /> *1903–1947: 9th Gurkha Rifles<br /> *1950–present: 9 Gorkha Rifles<br /> <br /> ==Battle honours==<br /> The battle honours of the 9th Gorkha rifles are:{{sfn|Singh|1993|p=}}<br /> *'''Pre-Independence''': Bharatpur, Sobraon, Afghanistan (1879–80), Punjab Frontier,<br /> *'''World War I''': La Bassee, Festubert, Armentieres, Givenchy, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers, Loos, France and Flanders, Tigris, Kut-al-Amara, Mesopotamia,<br /> *'''World War II''': ''Malaya (1941–42)'', Djebel El Meida, Djebel Garci, Ragoubet Souissi, ''North Africa (1940–43)'', Cassino I, Hangman's Hill, Tavoleto, San Marino, ''Italy (1943–45)'', Chindits 1944, ''Burma (1942–45)''.<br /> *'''Indo-Pak Conflict 1965''': Phillora, ''Punjab 1965''<br /> *'''Indo-Pak Conflict 1971''': Kumarkhali, ''East Pakistan 1971'', ''Jammu and Kashmir 1971'', Dera Baba Nanak, ''Punjab 1971''<br /> <br /> ==Uniforms==<br /> As the 9th Regiment of Bengal Infantry red coats with yellow facings were worn. In 1894 the newly renamed 9th (Gurkha Rifles) Bengal Infantry were issued with what was to become the standard Gurkha parade and cold weather uniform of rifle green, with puttees, silver insignia, black metal buttons and black [[facings]]. The headdress was a round black Kilmarnock cap with a badge of crossed [[kukris]] over the numeral 9. Pipers for the 1st Battalion wore a green plaid while the 2nd Battalion were granted the Duff clan tartan by a colonel of that name.{{sfn|Carman|1969|pp=210–211}} The broad brimmed &quot;Kashmir&quot; slouch hat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Boris|last=Mollo|page=129|title=The Indian Army|year=1981 |publisher=Blandford |isbn=0-7137-1074-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; was adopted by the 9th Gurkha Rifles in July 1902.{{sfn|Carman|1969|p=211}} It continued in use with [[khaki]] drill service dress as general wear by all ranks in winter and summer, between the two world wars.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=J.B.R.|last=Nicholson|pages=33–34|title=The Gurkha Rifles|date=15 June 1974 |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |isbn=0-85045-196-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Victoria Cross recipients==<br /> *Major (later Lieutenant Colonel) [[George Campbell Wheeler]], 2nd Battalion, 23 February 1917, River Tigris, [[Mesopotamia]].{{sfn|Parker|2005|p=392}}<br /> *Temporary [Brevet] Major [[Frank Blaker]], [[Highland Light Infantry]], attached to 3rd Battalion, 9 July 1944, [[Taunggyi]], [[Myanmar|Burma (now Myanmar)]].{{sfn|Parker|2005|p=393}}<br /> *Rifleman [[Sher Bahadur Thapa]], 1st Battalion, 18 September 1944, San Marino, Italy.{{sfn|Parker|2005|p=210}}<br /> <br /> ==Notable members==<br /> * [[John Bradburne]], (1921–1979), afterwards the &quot;Vagabond of God&quot;.<br /> * [[Stafford Beer]], operation research theorist who served as an officer with the regiment from 1945 to 1947.&lt;ref name=Tel&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituaries: Stafford Beer|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1405557/Stafford-Beer.html|access-date=31 August 2015|publisher=The Telegraph|date=28 August 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Colonel [[MN Rai]], a colonel who received the [[Yudh Seva Medal]] for bravery and [[Shaurya Chakra]] posthumously.<br /> * Bernard Dineen, (1923–2013), afterwards an award-winning journalist for The Yorkshire Post.<br /> * Lieutenant General [[B. K. N. Chhibber]], later governor of Punjab and administrator of Chandigarh.<br /> * Lieutenant General Anil Kumar Bhatt, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM was Director General Military Operations (DGMO) at Army Headquarters, Commander of Chinar Corps at Srinagar (J&amp;K) and Military Secretary at Army Headquarters.<br /> * Lt. Colonel Nasib Singh. The raising officer for 4th Battalion, 9 Gorkha Regiment.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ;Citations<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> ;Bibliography<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Louis |year=2000 |orig-year=1984 |title=Burma: The Longest War 1941–45 |publisher=Phoenix Press |location=London |isbn=1-84212-260-6}}<br /> *{{cite book |first=W. Y. |last=Carman |title=Indian Army Uniforms Under the British From the 18th Century to 1947: Artillery, Engineers and Infantry |publisher=Morgan-Grampian| location=London |year=1969 |isbn=978-0-24943-956-4 }}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Cross |first1=J.P. |last2=Gurung |first2=Buddhiman |title=Gurkhas at War: Eyewitness Accounts from World War II to Iraq |year=2007 |publisher=Greenhill Books |location=London |isbn=978-1-85367-727-4 }}<br /> *{{cite book |last=Parker|first=John |title=The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers |year=2005 |publisher=Headline |location=London |isbn=978-07553-1415-7 }}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Battle Honours of the Indian Army 1757–1971 |last=Singh |first=Sarbans |year=1993 |publisher=Vision Books |location=New Delhi |isbn=8170941156 }}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{cite book |first=P. |last=Chaudhuri |title=9th Gurkha Rifles: A Regimental History, 1817–1947 |publisher=Lancer International, Lancer Press |year= 1985 |isbn=978-1-85127-002-6}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/gurkha/9thgurkhas.htm 9th Gurkhas]<br /> <br /> {{Indian Army Infantry Regiments}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1817]]<br /> [[Category:Infantry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947]]<br /> [[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]<br /> [[Category:Rifle regiments]]<br /> [[Category:Gurkhas]]<br /> [[Category:1817 establishments in British India]]<br /> [[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|R]]<br /> [[Category:Military units and formations in British Malaya in World War II|R]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trailblazers_(Women%27s_T20_Challenge)&diff=541771 2026-01-01T13:01:48Z

<p>Sameer481: Created New Article</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Former women's cricket club in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket team<br /> | name = Trailblazers<br /> | image = Trailblazers (WT20C) logo.png<br /> | colours = {{color box|#FFC0CB}} [[Pink]]<br /> | coach = [[Sunetra Paranjpe]]<br /> | captain = [[Smriti Mandhana]]<br /> | established = {{start date and age|2018}}<br /> | ground = <br /> | title1 = {{nowrap|[[Women's T20 Challenge|T20 Challenge]]}}<br /> | title1wins = 1 ([[2020 Women's T20 Challenge|2020]])<br /> | h_pattern_la = <br /> | h_pattern_b = <br /> | h_pattern_ra = <br /> | h_pattern_pants = <br /> | h_leftarm = FFC0CB<br /> | h_body = DC143C<br /> | h_rightarm = FFC0CB<br /> | h_pants = FFC0CB<br /> | h_title = T20<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Trailblazers''' was an Indian [[cricket]] team. They were founded in 2018 to compete in the [[Women's T20 Challenge]], which they competed in until the tournament ended in 2022. They won the tournament once, beating [[IPL Supernovas|Supernovas]] in the final of the [[2020 Women's T20 Challenge]] by 16 runs.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> ===2018===<br /> Trailblazers were formed in 2018 to take part in the inaugural [[Women's T20 Challenge]] competition, in which they played a [[2018 Women's T20 Challenge|one-off match]] against [[IPL Supernovas|Supernovas]]. The game was viewed as a response to the men's [[Indian Premier League]], and hopes were that the one-off game would lead towards a fully-fledged tournament in the future.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/102152/exhibition-t20-aspires-to-lay-a-little-foundation-stone-for-a-womens-ipl |title=Exhibition T20 aspires to lay a little foundation for a Women's IPL |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=12 January 2021 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114060400/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/102152/exhibition-t20-aspires-to-lay-a-little-foundation-stone-for-a-womens-ipl |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Indian batter [[Smriti Mandhana]] was named as captain of the side, alongside fellow Indians [[Deepti Sharma]] and [[Jhulan Goswami]] as well as overseas players [[Alyssa Healy]], [[Suzie Bates]], [[Beth Mooney]], [[Danielle Hazell]] and [[Lea Tahuhu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/138906/squads-announced-for-women-s-t20-challenge-match|title=Squads Announced for Women's T20 Challenge Match|work=Indian Premier League|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114014305/https://www.iplt20.com/news/138906/squads-announced-for-women-s-t20-challenge-match|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the match, which took place on 22 May 2018, the Trailblazers were put into bat and restricted to 129/6, with Suzie Bates top-scoring for 32. The game went to the final over, with Bates needing to defend four runs. Supernovas batter [[Ellyse Perry]] hit a single off the final ball to crown her side champions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/692620|title=Suzie Bates, Ellyse Perry call the shots in last-ball cliffhanger|work=International Cricket Council|access-date=12 January 2020|archive-date=23 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523095412/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/692620|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Supernovas were therefore crowned the winners of the inaugural Women's T20 Challenge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2018-1146783/supernovas-vs-trailblazers-1146789/full-scorecard|title=Trailblazers v Supernovas, May 22 2018 Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=8 December 2025|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251208140654/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2018-1146783/supernovas-vs-trailblazers-1146789/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2019===<br /> [[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|2019]] saw the expansion of the tournament to three teams, with the addition of [[IPL Velocity|Velocity]]. Each side played each other once in a group stage, with the top two progressing to a final.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/women-s-t20-challenge-a-step-towards-an-ipl-for-harmanpreet-mandhana-and-co-1183353|title=Women's T20 Challenge a step towards an IPL for Harmanpreet, Mandhana and Co|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=8 December 2025|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251208140448/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ashes-2025-26-pat-cummins-nathan-lyon-likely-return-adelaide-but-what-about-usman-khawaja-1514917|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Trailblazers won their first game of the tournament, a rematch against Supernovas, after captain Mandhana struck 90 off 67 balls, and tight bowling from [[Sophie Ecclestone]] and [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]] restricted the Supernovas batters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2019-1181892/supernovas-vs-trailblazers-1st-match-1181893/full-scorecard|title=Trailblazers v Supernovas, May 6 2019 Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In their second match, against Velocity, Trailblazers scored 112/6 batting first, which Velocity chased down with two overs to spare. The group ended with all sides on two points, but the Trailblazers had the worst Net Run Rate and were therefore eliminated.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2019-1181892/trailblazers-vs-velocity-2nd-match-1181894/full-scorecard|title=Trailblazers v Velocity, May 8 2019 Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=8 December 2025|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251208140503/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2019-1181892/trailblazers-vs-velocity-2nd-match-1181894/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/19201/season/2019/womens-t20-challenge|title=Women's T20 Challenge-Points Table|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2020|archive-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508034837/http://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/19201/season/2019/womens-t20-challenge|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2020===<br /> The [[2020 Women's T20 Challenge]] was delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], eventually getting underway in November.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sourav Ganguly: Women's T20 Challenge during IPL 'very much on' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29581951/sourav-ganguly-women-t20-challenge-ipl-very-much-on |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 August 2020 |language=en |date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803070206/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29581951/sourav-ganguly-women-t20-challenge-ipl-very-much-on |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Trailblazers played Velocity in their first game, bowling them out for just 47, with overseas bowler Sophie Ecclestone taking 4 wickets for 9 runs. Trailblazers then chased their target down in 7.5 overs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2020-21-1228311/velocity-vs-trailblazers-2nd-match-1235587/full-scorecard|title=Velocity v Trailblazers, November 5 2020 Scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=8 December 2025|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251208140527/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2020-21-1228311/velocity-vs-trailblazers-2nd-match-1235587/full-scorecard|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Their second game was much closer, however, as Supernovas set them 146 to chase. Deepti Sharma scored 43*, but Trailblazers fell two runs short.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2020-21-1228311/trailblazers-vs-supernovas-3rd-match-1235588/match-report |title=Atapattu and Yadav stand tall as Supernovas and Trailblazers make the final|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Trailblazers still qualified for the final on Net Run Rate, however, and faced Supernovas again. Batting first, Mandhana scored 68 as her side reached 118, and tight bowling from Goswami, Sharma and [[Salma Khatun]] in particular meant Supernovas could only score 102, giving the Trailblazers their maiden T20 Challenge title.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2020-21-1228311/trailblazers-vs-supernovas-final-1235589/match-report |title=Smriti Mandhana 68, Salma Khatun three-for lead Trailblazers to 2020 Women's T20 Challenge title|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2022===<br /> In [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge|2022]], Trailblazers lost their first game of the tournament, against Supernovas, by 49 runs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2022-1314902/supernovas-vs-trailblazers-1st-match-1314903/match-report |title=Vastrakar's four-for gives Supernovas a winning start |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=8 December 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251208140652/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2022-1314902/supernovas-vs-trailblazers-1st-match-1314903/match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In their second match, against Velocity, Trailblazers scored 190/5 batting first, with [[Sabbhineni Meghana]] and [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] scoring half-centuries. Velocity were restricted to 174/9 in reply, but the group ended with all sides on two points, with the Trailblazers on the worst [[Net Run Rate]], therefore being eliminated from the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2022-1314902/trailblazers-vs-velocity-3rd-match-1314905/match-report |title=Meghana, Rodrigues power Trailblazers to win, but Velocity in final with better NRR |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=8 December 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251208140537/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-challenge-2022-1314902/trailblazers-vs-velocity-3rd-match-1314905/match-report |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The 2022 season proved to be the final edition of the Women's T20 Challenge, with the tournament being replaced by the [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] from the 2023 season.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/121647/bcci-proposes-six-team-womens-ipl-from-next-year |title=BCCI proposes six-team women's IPL from next year |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313152442/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/121647/bcci-proposes-six-team-womens-ipl-from-next-year |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Players==<br /> {{Main article|List of IPL Trailblazers cricketers}}<br /> Final squad, 2022 season.&lt;ref name=&quot;squad&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/womens-t20-challenge-deepti-replaces-raj-as-velocity-captain-dunkley-cross-king-wolvaardt-among-overseas-stars-1315230 |title=Women's T20 Challenge: Deepti replaces Raj as Velocity captain; Dunkley, Cross, King, Wolvaardt among overseas stars |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 May 2022 |archive-date=8 December 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251208140536/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/womens-t20-challenge-deepti-replaces-raj-as-velocity-captain-dunkley-cross-king-wolvaardt-among-overseas-stars-1315230 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * No. denotes the player's squad number, as worn on the back of their shirt.<br /> * {{double-dagger}} denotes players with international caps.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%; width:80%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB; color:black&quot; | No.<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB; color:black&quot; | Name<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB; color:black&quot; | Nationality<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB; color:black&quot; | Birth date<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB; color:black&quot; | Batting style<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB; color:black&quot; | Bowling style<br /> !style=&quot;background:#FFC0CB; color:black&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | Batters<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|18|| [[Smriti Mandhana]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1996|7|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || [[Captain (cricket)|Club captain]]<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| [[Sharmin Akhter]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|Bangladesh}} || {{Birth date and age|1996|12|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || – || Overseas player<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| [[Sabbhineni Meghana]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1996|6|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| [[Jemimah Rodrigues]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|2000|9|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] ||<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | All-rounders<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|3|| [[Salma Khatun]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|Bangladesh}} || {{Birth date and age|1990|10|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || Overseas player<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|47|| [[Sophia Dunkley]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|England}} || {{Birth date and age|1998|7|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin|leg break]] || Overseas player<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| [[Hayley Matthews]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|West Indies}} || {{Birth date and age|1998|3|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || Overseas player<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | Wicket-keepers<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|13|| [[Richa Ghosh]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|2003|11|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || <br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;7&quot; | Bowlers<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|1|| [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1991|6|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| Saiqa Ishaque || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1995|10|8|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| Sujata Mallik || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1993|6|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| Shradda Pokharkar || {{crw|India}} || Unknown || Unknown || Unknown ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| Priyanka Priyadarshini || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1992|5|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|20|| [[Arundhati Reddy]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1997|4|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| [[Renuka Singh (cricketer)|Renuka Singh]] &amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1996|1|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|–|| [[Poonam Yadav]]&amp;nbsp;{{double-dagger}} || {{crw|India}} || {{Birth date and age|1991|8|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg spin|leg break]] ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Overseas players===<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * {{criconw|NZL}} [[Suzie Bates]] (2018–2019)<br /> * {{criconw|ENG}} [[Danielle Hazell]] (2018)<br /> * {{criconw|AUS}} [[Alyssa Healy]] (2018)<br /> * {{criconw|AUS}} [[Beth Mooney]] (2018)<br /> * {{criconw|NZL}} [[Lea Tahuhu]] (2018)<br /> * {{criconw|ENG}} [[Sophie Ecclestone]] (2019–2020)<br /> * {{criconw|WIN}} [[Shakera Selman]] (2019)<br /> * {{criconw|WIN}} [[Stafanie Taylor]] (2019)<br /> * {{criconw|THA}} [[Natthakan Chantam]] (2020)<br /> * {{criconw|WIN}} [[Deandra Dottin]] (2020)<br /> * {{criconw|BAN}} [[Salma Khatun]] (2020–2022)<br /> * {{criconw|BAN}} [[Sharmin Akhter]] (2022)<br /> * {{criconw|ENG}} [[Sophia Dunkley]] (2022)<br /> * {{criconw|WIN}} [[Hayley Matthews]] (2022)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Seasons==<br /> ===Women's T20 Challenge===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |- <br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Season<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Final standing<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;8&quot; | League standings<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | P<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | W<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | L<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | T<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | NR<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Pts<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | NRR<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Pos<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2018 Women's T20 Challenge|2018]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dddddd&quot;| {{sort|2|Runners-up}}<br /> |colspan=8 align=center| No Group stage<br /> || Lost to [[IPL Supernovas]] in the final<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|2019]]<br /> | {{sort|3|Group stage}}<br /> | 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || −0.305 || 3rd<br /> || <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2020 Women's T20 Challenge|2020]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffee44;&quot; | {{sort|1|Champions}}<br /> | 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || +2.109 || 1st<br /> | Won against [[IPL Supernovas]] in the final<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge|2022]]<br /> | | {{sort|3|Group stage}}<br /> | 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || −0.825 || 3rd<br /> || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Statistics ==<br /> ===Women's T20 Challenge===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:25%;&quot;<br /> |+ Women's T20 Challenge - summary of results&lt;ref name=&quot;records&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/1228311.html?view=records|title=Women's T20 Challenge Records|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114145907/https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/1228311.html?view=records|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Year <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Played <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Wins <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Losses <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Tied <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|NR <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Win % <br /> |-<br /> ! [[2018 Women's T20 Challenge|2018]]<br /> | 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0.00 <br /> |-<br /> ! [[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|2019]]<br /> | 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 50.00<br /> |-<br /> ! [[2020 Women's T20 Challenge|2020]]<br /> | 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 66.66 <br /> |-<br /> ! [[2022 Women's T20 Challenge|2022]]<br /> | 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 50.00 <br /> |-<br /> ! Total<br /> |'''8'''||'''4'''||'''4'''||'''0'''||'''0''' ||'''50.00'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+ Women's T20 Challenge - teamwise result summary&lt;ref name=records/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Opposition<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Mat <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Won <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Lost <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Tied <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|NR<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;|Win % <br /> |-<br /> | [[IPL Supernovas]] || 5 || 2 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 40.00<br /> |-<br /> | [[IPL Velocity]] || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 66.66<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Women's T20 Challenge}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2018]]<br /> [[Category:Women's T20 Challenge teams]]<br /> [[Category:Cricket clubs disestablished in 2022]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemidactylus_rishivalleyensis&diff=502569 2025-12-16T03:52:53Z

<p>Sameer481: put up some article added tags!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of lizard}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | image = Hemidactylus_rishivalleyensis.jpg<br /> | image_caption = <br /> | genus = Hemidactylus<br /> | species = rishivalleyensis<br /> | authority = Agarwal, Thackeray, &amp; Khandekar, 2020<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis''''' is a species of [[house gecko]] from [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Hemidactylus&amp;species=rishivalleyensis Reptile Database]<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q105274442}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis}}<br /> [[Category:Hemidactylus]]<br /> [[Category:Reptiles described in 2020]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]<br /> {{Hemidactylus-stub}}</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerala_Startup_Mission&diff=509307 2025-11-03T16:45:21Z

<p>Sameer481: put up first stub from scratch!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Agency for entrepreneurship, Kerala, India}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{ad|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = Kerala Startup Mission<br /> | logo = Kerala StartUp Mission Logo.svg<br /> | industry = Technology business incubator<br /> | foundation = 2006<br /> | location = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[India]]<br /> | key_people = Anoop P Ambika (Chief Executive Officer)<br /> | website = {{URL|http://www.startupmission.kerala.gov.in}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM), formerly known as Technopark TBI, is a state-level agency under the [[Government of Kerala]], India, dedicated to fostering entrepreneurship and incubation activities. Established primarily to manage the Technology Business Incubator (TBI), a startup accelerator, KSUM aims to cultivate a conducive environment for high-technology-based businesses.<br /> <br /> ==Objectives==<br /> <br /> KSUM's core objectives include:<br /> <br /> * Incubation and Acceleration: Planning, establishing, and managing the TBI to support technology-based startups.<br /> * Ecosystem Development: Coordinating with other incubators, strengthening entrepreneurship initiatives, and promoting knowledge-driven startups.<br /> * Talent Development: Encouraging student, faculty, and local entrepreneurship, and building human resources capacity.<br /> * Industry Linkage: Facilitating connections between startups and industry, and establishing research and development facilities.<br /> * Institutional Support: Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Cells (IEDCs) and technoparks within academic institutions.<br /> <br /> ==Programs==<br /> <br /> === Incubation programme === <br /> KSUM supports the development of technology-based business ventures through a structured incubation process. Startups typically progress through three primary stages: pre-incubation, incubation, and acceleration.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.registerkaro.in/post/kerala-startup-incubators|title=Kerala Startup Incubators|website=RegisterKaro|access-date=31 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Pre-incubation is an initial phase lasting approximately three to six months, primarily focused on idea generation and refinement. During incubation (six to twelve months), startups engage in product development and market preparation. KSUM provides physical workspace, financial support, mentorship, and entrepreneurial training during this stage. The acceleration phase (three to six months) involves refining the business model and preparing for investment. KSUM offers business advisory services and investor matchmaking at this stage.<br /> <br /> These programs are designed to nurture early-stage startups and facilitate their growth into sustainable enterprises. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = https://startupmission.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/Incubation%20Procedure.pdf|title = Incubation Procedure Pdf|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === KSUM - EY Accelerator ===<br /> <br /> KSUM has partnered with [[Ernst &amp; Young]] to establish a Business &amp; Technology Accelerator at the KINFRA Film &amp; Video Park in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. The accelerator provides a 1500 square foot workspace and comprehensive support services for selected [[Kerala]]-based [[startups]].<br /> <br /> The program offers a six-month acceleration phase, with the option to extend for an additional six months. Participants receive mentorship in business strategy, finance, human resources, investment proposal development, emerging technologies, and market research. The accelerator also facilitates networking opportunities with industry leaders, angel investors, and venture capitalists.<br /> <br /> The goal of the program is to enhance the business acumen and capabilities of participating [[startups]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = Kerala Startup Mission Offers Accelerator for Young Entrepreneurs|url = http://b-live.in/2015/09/02/kerala-startup-mission-offers-accelerator-for-young-entrepreneurs/|website = BLIVE - News Writers for the new age youth...|accessdate = 2015-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = Inauguration &amp; Launch of Kerala's first Business &amp; Technology Accelerator|url = http://blog.harmonyatwork.org/inauguration-launch-of-keralas-first-business-technology-accelerator/|website = Technopark Blog| date=8 June 2015 |accessdate = 2015-12-07|language = en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Knowledge Labs ===<br /> To facilitate rapid prototyping and research and development, KSUM provides access to shared facilities. These include a FabLab for prototyping, as well as AI, XR, and Design Labs equipped with state-of-the-art technology. By democratizing access to these resources, KSUM empowers startups to transform their ideas into tangible products. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Future Technologies Lab|url=https://futuretechnologieslab.com/|access-date=2021-04-13|website=futuretechnologieslab.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Fab Lab ====<br /> The Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM), with the support of the [[Government of Kerala]], has established two [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) Fab Labs in the state: one at Technopark, Trivandrum, within the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala (IIITM-K), and another at the Kerala Technology Innovation Zone (KTIZ) in Kochi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = ഭാവിയിലെ ഫാക്ടറികളായ ഫാബ് ലാബുകള് കേരളത്തിലും|url = http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/ReadMore/15838/fab-lab-in-kerala|website = mathrubhuminews.in|accessdate = 2015-12-07|archive-date = 9 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151209000827/http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/ReadMore/15838/fab-lab-in-kerala|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Fab Lab is a technical prototyping platform designed to stimulate local entrepreneurship and foster innovation. It provides access to digital fabrication tools, empowering individuals to create custom-made products. Beyond local impact, Fab Labs connect users to a global network of learners, educators, technologists, and innovators.<br /> <br /> KSUM's Fab Lab initiative, in collaboration with the Center for Bits and Atoms Fab Lab Foundation at MIT, aims to encourage startups in fields like printed electronics. By providing access to advanced prototyping equipment and a supportive ecosystem, the Fab Labs contribute to Kerala's growing innovation landscape.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = MIT to help set up 'Fab Labs' in Kerala|url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/mit-to-help-set-up-fab-labs-in-kerala/article7322282.ece|website = The Hindu Business Line| date=16 June 2015 |accessdate = 2015-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Super Fab Lab ====<br /> <br /> Kerala made history in 2020 by inaugurating India's first Super Fab Lab in Kochi, a collaborative venture with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Occupying a 10,000 square foot space, the lab is equipped with machinery valued at over ₹7 crore. This facility, located at the Integrated Startup Complex (ISC), is the only one of its kind outside the United States.{{cn|date=October 2025}}<br /> <br /> The Super Fab Lab is designed to propel hardware innovation and development, offering researchers, innovators, and developers capabilities beyond those of traditional Fab Labs. Its establishment positions Kerala as a significant hub for technology and entrepreneurship. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Crew|first=The Logical Indian|date=2020-01-27|title=Kerala: India's First Super Fab Lab That Can Produce 'Almost Any Machinery' Inaugurated In Kochi|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/good-governance/countrys-first-super-fab-lab-19465|access-date=2021-04-13|website=thelogicalindian.com|language=en|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413085541/https://thelogicalindian.com/good-governance/countrys-first-super-fab-lab-19465|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Other Programmes ==<br /> <br /> === Learn To Code (Raspberry Pi Program) ===<br /> The Kerala government launched the initiative &quot;Learn to Code&quot; in 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = Kerala Launches 'Learn to Code' Project, Will Distribute Raspberry Pi Kits|url = http://gadgets.ndtv.com/others/news/kerala-launches-learn-to-code-pilot-will-distribute-raspberry-pi-kits-662412|website = NDTV Gadgets360.com|accessdate = 2015-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; During phase 1 of the initiative, 2500 [[Raspberry Pi]] computer programming kits were distributed to class VIII students (14 years old). The project's aim is to add 40,000 talented young programmers to the [[Maker culture|maker community]] being developed through programmes initiated by KSUM. Subsequently, KSUM and the [[IT@School Project]] initiated the Kerala Raspberry Pi Competition for students who received the Raspberry Pi kit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = Kerala to strengthen IT, electronics education in schools with Raspberry Pi|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/kerala-to-strengthen-it-electronics-teaching-in-schools-with-raspberry-pi/|website = The Indian Express|publisher = Indian Express|date = 2015-09-17|accessdate = 2015-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Startup Box ===<br /> In 2015, the Kerala government, through the Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM), launched the Startup Box Programme to encourage young entrepreneurs. This initiative provided aspiring entrepreneurs with a comprehensive package including essential documents for company formation and technological resources like Arduino starter kits. The program aimed to support up to 50 student teams annually. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title = Startup Box to convert ideas into reality|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/startup-box-to-convert-ideas-into-reality/article7352479.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2015-06-25|access-date = 2015-12-07|issn = 0971-751X|language = en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = Startup Village offers 'startup box' to engg students|url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/startup-village-offers-startup-box-to-engg-students/article7350627.ece|website = The Hindu Business Line| date=24 June 2015 |accessdate = 2015-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === LEAP Coworks space === <br /> KSUM operates LEAP Coworks, a network of co-working spaces across Kerala. The acronym LEAP stands for Launch, Empower, Accelerate, Prosper.{{cn|date=October 2025}}<br /> <br /> LEAP Coworks offers a range of amenities, including infrastructure, workspaces, meeting rooms, and internet. To cater to the diverse needs of startups, KSUM provides flexible membership plans such as hot desks, dedicated desks, and private offices. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kerala Startup Mission to transform into co-working space 'LEAP Coworks' |work=Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/kerala-startup-mission-to-transform-into-co-working-space-leap-coworks-123073100809_1.html |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Economy of Kerala]]<br /> * [[Unemployment in Kerala]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{official website|http://www.startupmission.kerala.gov.in}}<br /> {{Kerala}}<br /> {{Kerala topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2006 establishments in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Business incubators of India]]<br /> [[Category:Economy of Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Fab labs]]<br /> [[Category:Organisations based in Thiruvananthapuram]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shabda_Brahman&diff=465280 2025-10-21T01:26:53Z

<p>Sameer481: basic cleaned up citations for consistency and updated info after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Transcendental sound of the Vedas}}<br /> {{Hinduism}}<br /> '''Shabda Brahman''' or '''Sabda-Brahman''' or '''Nada Brahman''' means transcendental sound ([[Shatapatha Brahmana]] III.12.48) or sound vibration (Shatpatha Brahmana Vi.16.51) or the transcendental sound of the [[Vedas]] (Shatpatha Brahmana Xi.21.36) or of Vedic scriptures (Shatpatha Brahmana X.20.43).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sabda|url=http://vedabase.net/s/sabda}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ''[[Shabda]]'' or ''sabda'' stands for word manifested by sound ('verbal') and such a word has innate power to convey a particular sense or meaning (''[[Artha]]'').<br /> <br /> ==In Hindu philosophy==<br /> According to the [[Nyaya]] and the [[Vaisheshika]] schools, ''Shabda'' means verbal testimony; to the [[Sanskrit]] grammarians, [[Yaska]], [[Pāṇini|Panini]] and [[Katyayana]] it meant a unit of language or speech or ''vac''. In the philosophical terms this word appears for the first time in the [[Maitrayaniya Upanishad|Maitri Upanishad]] (Sloka VI.22) that speaks of two kinds of [[Brahman]] - ''Shabda Brahman'' ('Brahman with sound') and ''Ashabda Brahman'' ('soundless Brahman'). [[Sphota|Bhartrhari]] speaks about the creative power of ''shabda'', the manifold universe is a creation of ''Shabda Brahman'' ([[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]] IV.i.2). [[Speech]] is equated with Brahman (Shatpatha Brahmana 2.1.4.10).The [[Rig Veda]] states that Brahman extends as far as [[Vāc]] (R.V.X.114.8), and has hymns in praise of Speech as the Creator (R.V.X.71.7) and as the final abode of Brahman (R.V.I.164.37). Time is the creative power of ''Shabda Brahman''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Indian Philosophy: An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought|author=Richard King|year=1999|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|page=49|isbn=9780748609543|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uca8R72W8iQC&amp;q=sabda+brahman&amp;pg=PA49}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Islamic and Comparative Religious Studies|author=William Albert Graham|year=2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Ltd.|page=253|isbn=9781409400257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dIZl_kA0g84C&amp;q=sabda+brahman&amp;pg=PA253}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Mimamsa|Purva Mimamsa]] deals with ''Shabda Brahman'' ('cosmic sound or word') which is endowed with names and forms and is projected in vedic revelations (the mantras, hymns, prayers etc.). [[Vedanta]] deals with ''Parama Brahman'' ('the Ultimate Reality') which is transcendent and devoid of material names and material forms. One has to become well established in ''Shabda Brahman'' before realizing ''Parama Brahman''. Vedas are not the product of conventional language but the emanation of reality in form of ''Shabda'' (sound, word) which is the sole cause of creation and is eternal. ''Purva Mimamsa'', an esoteric discipline, from the point of view of spiritual growth aims at attaining the heavenly happiness by realizing ''Shabda Brahman'' (cosmic sound) by conducting ''[[yajna]]s'' that help control the senses and the mind; when the mind and the senses are subdued the inner subtle sound is realized as ''Shabda Brahman''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Yoga: the Ultimate Spiritual Path|author=Rajarshi|year=2001|publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide|pages=32–33|isbn=9781567184419|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XXxnxn8K8sC&amp;q=shabda+brahman&amp;pg=PA33}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In Indian classical arts==<br /> The fundamental theory of Indian classical music, art and poetry is grounded in the theory of ''Nada Brahman'' or ''Shabda Brahman'', and is linked with the Vedic religion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Arts of Transitional India|author=Vinayak Purohit|year=1988|publisher=Popular Prakashan|page=856|isbn=9780861321384|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ae1Zrmz6ETwC&amp;q=shabda+brahman&amp;pg=PA856}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ''Apara Brahman'' mentioned by [[Mandukya Upanishad]] is ''Nada Brahman'' or ''Shabda Brahman''. [[Shiva Samhita]] states that whenever and wherever there is causal stress or Divine action, there is vibration (''spandan'' or ''kampan''), and wherever there is vibration or movement there sound (''Shabda'') is inevitable. &quot;M&quot; of ''[[Om|Aum]]'', the primordial ''vac'' represents ''[[shabda]]'' which is the root and essence of everything; it is ''[[Om|Pranava]]'' and ''Pranava'' is ''[[Vedas]]'', ''Vedas'' are ''Shabda Brahman''. [[Consciousness]] in all beings is ''Shabda Brahman''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Quest for Music Divine|author=Suresh C. Dey|year=1990|publisher=APH Publishing|page=267|isbn=9788170243014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__R04X3cSfoC&amp;q=shabda+brahman&amp;pg=PA267}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When the necessity of directing the ''[[Mantra]]'' (identical to ''Ishta'') internally and to objects externally is transcended then one gains ''Mantra chaitanya'' which then awakens ''Atman chaitanya'', the Divine Consciousness, and unites with it. The ''Mantra'' is ''Shabda Brahman'' and ''Ishta'' is the light of Consciousness. The ''[[prana]]'', ''[[Human body|body]]'' and ''[[mind]]'' along with the entire universe, are all expressions of ''Mantra chaitanya''. At the ultimate level of ''Shabda Brahman'' transcendental words (Nama-Brahman, Holy name) become materially wordless, transcendental forms become materially formless (rise from lower gunas to higher and transformed from material sattva to transcendental shuddha-sattva) and all multiplicity unified in Consciousness residing in that transcendent glory extends beyond mind and speech.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Seeing God Everywhere|author=Swami Shraddhananda|year=1996|publisher=Vedanta Press|page=174|isbn=9780874810523|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pJqcrf6voZsC&amp;q=shabda+brahman&amp;pg=PT174}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In the Bhagavad Gita==<br /> In the [[Bhagavad Gita]] (Sloka VI.44) the term ''Shabda Brahman'' has been used to mean [[Vedic]] injunctions. [[Adi Shankara]] explains that the Yogic impressions do not perish even when held up for a long period, even he who seeks to comprehend the essence of [[Yoga]] and begins to tread the path of Yoga goes beyond the spheres of the fruits of Vedic works, he sets them aside.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Bhagavad Gita Shankara Bhasya|page=249|url= https://www.scribd.com/doc/17299929/Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita-Shankara-Bhashya-English }}&lt;/ref&gt; In this context [[Srimad Bhagavatam]] (Sloka III.33.7) has also been relied upon to high-light the disregard of Vedic rituals by the advanced transcendentalists.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Bhagavad-Gita As It Is|author=Swami Prabhupada|publisher=The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust|page=315|url=http://www.asitis.com/6/44.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gaudapada]] clarifies that the letter &quot;a&quot; of [[Om|Aum]] leads to ''Visva'', the letter &quot;u&quot;&quot; leads to ''[[Taijasa]]'' and the letter &quot;m&quot; leads to ''[[Prajna (Vedic)|Prajna]]''. With regard to one freed from letters, there remains no attainment (Mandkya Karika I.23). ''Aum'' is ''Shabda Brahman'', ''Aum'' is the Root Sound of which creation is a series of permutations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Bhagavad Gita Commentary Full|author=IslamKotob|publisher=Islamic Books|page=216|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b387bE4Ok0oC&amp;q=shabda+brahman&amp;pg=PA216}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==In Tantra==<br /> In [[Tantra]], [[Sound]] is the first manifestation of ''Parama Shiva''; in its primary stage it is a psychic wave. Its very existence entails the presence of ''spandan'' or movement ('vibration') without which there cannot be sound; ''spandan'' is the quality of [[Saguna Brahman]] and the world is the thought-projection of Saguna Shiva. The first sutra of ''Sarada Tilaka'' explains the significance and hidden meaning of ''Shabda Brahman''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Tantra:Its Mystic and Scientific Basis|author=Lalan Prasad Singh|year=2010|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=98|isbn=9788180696404|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pz28mw2zywC&amp;q=sabda+brahman&amp;pg=PA98}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Indian philosophy|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Vedanta]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sutradhar_(caste)&diff=450471 2025-09-12T20:32:47Z

<p>Sameer481: Improved wording and formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hindu caste in the Vishwakarma community of India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{for|Suthar community from Gujarat and Rajasthan|Suthar}}<br /> {{infobox caste<br /> | caste_name =Sutradhar<br /> | caste_name_in_local = <br /> | image =<br /> | image_size =<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = <br /> | abbreviation =<br /> | varna =brahmin varna<br /> | jati =<br /> | classification =<br /> | gotra =120<br /> | veda =<br /> | kula_daivat =[[Vishwakarma]]<br /> | kula_devi =<br /> | guru =<br /> | mantra =<br /> | nishan =<br /> | devak =<br /> | religions =[[Hinduism]]<br /> | languages =[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | country =<br /> {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]], {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]<br /> | state = <br /> | populated_states = <br /> | region = <br /> | ethnicity =[[Bengali people]] <br /> | India_migration = <br /> | population =<br /> | family_names = <br /> | feudal_title = <br /> | heraldic_title = <br /> | lineage =<br /> | color =<br /> | throne =<br /> | victory_weapon =<br /> | endogamous =<br /> | notable_members = <br /> | subdivisions = <br /> | related =<br /> | historical_grouping =<br /> | disputed_grouping =<br /> | status =<br /> | employment_reservation = <br /> | other_reservation =<br /> | original_kingdom =<br /> | other_kingdom =<br /> | official_website =<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Sutradhar''' ({{langx|bn|সূত্রধর}}) is a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] within the [[Vishwakarma (caste)|Vishwakarma community]] of [[West Bengal]] in Indian and in [[Bangladesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|quote=Incidentally, ''Sutradhar'' is also the caste name of carpenters in Bengal who specialise in making dolls, puppets, clay models and masks which are used in various folk performances in the region.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ju8oDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Sutradhar+bengal+caste&amp;pg=PT86 |title=Folk Arts and Social Communication |year=2017 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting |isbn=978-8123024882| author=Durgadas Mukhopadhyay}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GulBDMgxcU0C&amp;dq=Khati+vishwakarma&amp;pg=PA218 |page=218 |title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Emancipation and empowerment |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |editor=Sanjay Paswan, Jaideva Paramanshi|year=2002|isbn=978-81-7835-269-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Faroqi|2015}} Their traditional occupation is carpentry.{{sfn|Ghosh|Ghosh|2000|p=96}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Sociology: A Study of the Social Sphere |first=Yogesh |last=Atal |year=2012 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-8-13179-759-4 |page=242 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RuK9z3jLcwgC&amp;pg=PA242}}&lt;/ref&gt; The great majority of Hindu Sutradhars belong to the [[Vaishnava]] sect. [[Vishwakarma]] is regarded as their patron deity.{{sfn|Faroqi|2015}}<br /> [[File:An Indian Carpenter (p.48, Richard G Hodson, Carpenters in India, Bangalore 9 September 1856) - Copy.jpg|thumb|upright|Sutradhar caste predominantly engaged in carpentry works]]<br /> <br /> == Origin ==<br /> <br /> The word ''Sutradhar'' literally means ''formula/thread-holder''. ''Sutra'' in [[sanskrit]] means formula or thread (which is used to mark the course of a saw), and ''dhara'' means to hold.{{sfn|Faroqi|2015}}<br /> <br /> ==Demography==<br /> While some Sutradhars practice [[Shaktism]], the vast majority are members of the Vaishnava sect. They worship Vishwakarma and offer sacrifices to him on [[Vishwakarma Day]] and [[Vasant Panchami]].{{sfn|Faroqi|2015}}<br /> <br /> The Sutradhar caste is subdivided into a number of subcastes including Bardhamenya, Mandaranya, Khadipeda, Astakul, and Airy.{{sfn|Ghosh|Ghosh|2000|p=97}} The Bardhamenya, Mandaranya, and Astakul are best known as carpenters but are also known as painters, [[clay]] image makers, stone carvers as well as constructors of buildings and temples. The Khadipeda were essentially architects, known as designers of temples, palaces, mosques, and building.{{sfn|Ghosh|Ghosh|2000|p=98}}<br /> <br /> Sutradhars are also subdivided into various clans, or [[gotras]]. All these clans are totemic. Common Sutradhar surnames include Dutta, Chanda, De, Pal, Sil, Kundu, Mena, Manna, [[Maharana]], Rana, Bandra, Rakhsit, Sutradhar, Bhandari, Fouzdar, Das, Kar, Fouzdar.{{sfn|Ghosh|Ghosh|2000|p=98}}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sutradhar|title=Sutradhar - Banglapedia|last=Faroqi|first=Gofran|year=2015|website=en.banglapedia.org|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902151847/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sutradhar|archive-date=2 September 2018|access-date=2017-09-22}}<br /> *{{cite book|first1=G.K.|last1=Ghosh|first2=Shukla|last2=Ghosh|title=Legends of Origin of the Castes and Tribes of Eastern India|chapter=Sutradhars|year=2000|publisher=Firma KLM |place=Calcutta, India|isbn=9788171020461}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian castes]]<br /> [[Category:Carpenter castes]]<br /> [[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu communities]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Vasai&diff=497309 2025-08-24T08:02:04Z

<p>Sameer481: made article...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Maharashtra, India}}<br /> {{Infobox diocese<br /> |jurisdiction = Diocese <br /> |name = Vasai <br /> |latin = Dioecesis Vasaiensis <br /> |local = वसई के सूबा<br /> | image = Vasai, Catholic Cathedral Our Lady of Graces.JPG<br /> | caption = The cathedral of Vasai, Our Lady of Graces<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | territory = <br /> | province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mumbai|Mumbai]]<br /> | metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mumbai|Mumbai]]<br /> |rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]<br /> |denomination = [[Roman Catholic]] <br /> |cathedral = Cathedral of Our Lady of Grace in [[Papdy]]<br /> |cocathedral = <br /> |area_km2 = 7,596 <br /> |population = 3,625,000<br /> |population_as_of = 2010<br /> |catholics = 135,677<br /> |catholics_percent= 3.7 <br /> |pope = {{Incumbent pope}}<br /> |bishop = Thomas D’Souza <br /> |metro_archbishop = [[John Rodrigues]]<br /> |coadjutor = <br /> |auxiliary_bishops= <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Vasai''' ({{langx|la| Vasaien(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Vasai]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay|Bombay]] in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bose|first1=Mrityunjay|title=Vasai celebrates|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/568736/vasai-celebrates.html|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=September 5, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Maharashtra church to be renamed after 'Saint Mother Teresa'|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/maharashtra-church-to-be-renamed-after-saint-mother-teresa-1450991/|publisher=[[India.com]]|date=September 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The history of Vasai is as old as Christianity itself. Tradition has it that St. Bartholomeo – the apostle of Christ – came to Kalyan which forms part of Thane district in which the Diocese of Vasai is situated. In the 6th century, Kalyan had a bishop elected and sent from Persia. Jordenus worked as a Dominican priest for a brief period in a church at Sopara in 1321 in this diocese when he had come just as a father before he was appointed as the first Bishop of Quilon.<br /> <br /> In 1534, the Portuguese moved to Vasai from Cochin and Goa. In 1536, they put up a church in Vasai Fort dedicated to Our Lady of Life. There was also a parish church under the title of St. Joseph. This church was known as the 'Se' or 'Seat of the Bishop.' Whenever the Bishop of Goa visited Vasai that was the church from where he officiated.<br /> <br /> With the arrival of the Portuguese fathers, the Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians, they started sending their fathers to Vasai. (The Brothers of St. John of God were also among them). They erected three big churches in North Vasai and about five churches in South Vasai. There were churches built by them in Palghar and Dahanu Talukas. Today, they do not exist anymore. The Catholics of the former eight churches are being served today by the 33 ecclesiastical units which form the major part of this diocese.<br /> <br /> The Church in this diocese had its ups and downs during the 18th–20th centuries, i.e. during the Maratha and the British rule, but the priests that came from Goa kept up the faith when the European fathers were driven away. The local priests coming from the East Indian community were among the first ones to help the Goan priests in preserving the faith of the people of this area which they had received from the Portuguese in the 16th century.<br /> <br /> The new Diocese of Vasai was created on May 22, 1998, by Pope John Paul II. The good tidings of the creation of the new diocese were joyfully announced by Cardinal Ivan Dias, on Sunday, June 28, 1998, the eve of the feast of the Apostles, Sts. Peter and Paul, at the Shrine dedicated to Our Lady of Remedy. The installation ceremony of Father Thomas Dabre as the First Bishop of the new Diocese took place at the new Cathedral of Our Lady of Grace, Papdy, on Aug. 15, 1998. On April 4, 2009, Bishop Dabre was transferred to the diocese of Poona.<br /> <br /> Archbishop Machado of Nashik diocese was transferred to the diocese of Vasai on November 10, 2009, and was installed on December 19, 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Vasai gets new Bishop; Rev. Felix Machado takes over|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/Vasai-gets-new-Bishop-Rev.-Felix-Machado-takes-over/article16854159.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=December 19, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Leadership==<br /> *Thomas Dabre (22 May 1998 – 4 April 2009)<br /> *[[Felix Anthony Machado|Felix Machado]] (19 December 2009 – 6 June 2024)<br /> *Thomas D’Souza (15 December 2024)<br /> <br /> ==Language==<br /> Samvedi, Kupari, Wadval, Marathi, Konkani, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi, English and Varli are the languages used in the diocesan territory.<br /> <br /> ==Saints and causes for canonisation==<br /> * St. [[Bartholomew the Apostle]] is considered to have come to Kalyan which forms part of Thane district in which the Diocese of Vasai is situated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dioceseofvasai.com/Home/About |title=About Us |publisher=Dioceseofvasai.com |date= |accessdate=2020-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * St. [[Gonsalo Garcia]] was a native of Vasai.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCBI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ccbi.in/saints-blessed/|title=Saints &amp; Blessed – CCBI|accessdate=Oct 17, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/vasa0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]<br /> * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dvasa.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]<br /> <br /> {{coord|19.3511|N|72.8119|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vasai}}<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]<br /> [[Category:Christian organizations established in 1998]]<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]<br /> [[Category:Christianity in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:1998 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akbar_Ka_Bal_Birbal&diff=485237 2025-08-06T22:01:00Z

<p>Sameer481: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian historical comedy show}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Akbarkabalbirbal.jpg<br /> | genre = Historical comedy<br /> | based_on = <br /> | writer = {{ubl|Rakesh Baranwal|Timir Kireet Bakshi|Bunty Rathore|Balwinder Suri}}<br /> | screenplay = {{ubl|Rakesh Baranwal|Bunty Rathore}}<br /> | story = {{ubl|Rakesh Baranwal|Timir Kireet Bakshi}}<br /> | director = Mukesh Kumar Singh<br /> | starring = Ali Asgar &lt;br&gt;Vishal Kotian&lt;br&gt; Aditi Sajwan&lt;br&gt;Charu Asopa&lt;br&gt; Pawan singh&lt;br&gt;Vijhay Badlaani &lt;br&gt;[[Rose Sardana]]&lt;br&gt;Sumit Arora&lt;br&gt;Malkhan Singh Gaur<br /> | theme_music_composer = Jitesh Panchal<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 55<br /> | producer = Nikhil Sinha&lt;br&gt;Sohanna Sinha<br /> | cinematography = Karan Indoriya<br /> | editor = Satya Sharma<br /> | runtime = 20–22 minutes<br /> | company = Triangle Films Company<br /> | network = [[Star Bharat]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|2020|8|31|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|2020|11|27|df=y}}<br /> | related = <br /> }}<br /> '''Akbar Ka Bal… Birbal''' ({{translation|''Akbar's Power Birbal''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]] historical [[television comedy|comedy]] television series that aired on [[Star Bharat]] between 31 August and 27 November 2020,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=31 August 2020|title=Indiawaali Maa to Lockdown Ki Love Story: 5 new shows to premiere today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/indiawaali-maa-to-lockdown-ki-love-story-5-new-shows-to-premiere-today-1717126-2020-08-31|access-date=|website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was digitally available on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 August 2020|title=Actor Ali Asgar will now play Akbar in new fiction comedy, Akbar Ka Bal Birbal: 'Wanted this character in my resume'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/actor-ali-asgar-will-now-play-akbar-in-new-fiction-comedy-akbar-ka-bal-birbal-wanted-this-character-in-my-resume/story-W8R4gNckYh1MEvrv1XTkRL.html|access-date=|website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show stars Ali Asgar and Vishal Kotian as [[Akbar]] and [[Birbal]], respectively, revolving around their friendship. The show is based on folktales of [[Mughal Emperor]] Akbar and his witty and trusted courtier Birbal. This show was produced by Nikhil Sinha under the banner of Triangle Film Company.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ali Asgar is 'honoured' to play Akbar in new show - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ali-asgar-is-honoured-to-play-akbar-in-new-show/articleshow/77522952.cms|access-date=2020-09-03|website=The Times of India|date=13 August 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=1 September 2020|title=Star Bharat launches two new shows 'Akbar Ka Bal...Birbal' and 'Gangs of Filmistan'|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2020/09/star-bharat-launches-two-new-shows-akbar-ka-bal-birbal-and-gangs-of-filmistan/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=www.bestmediaifo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]] as [[Akbar]]<br /> * [[Vishal Kotian]] as [[Birbal]]/Insaaf/Mahesh Das<br /> * [[Aditi Sajwan]] as [[Mariam-uz-Zamani|Jodha Bai]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Akbar Ka Bal Birbal's Aditi Sajwan aka Rani Saheba's new best friend on the sets of the show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/akbar-ka-bal-birbals-aditi-sajwan-aka-rani-sahebas-new-best-friend-on-the-sets-of-the-show/articleshow/77938058.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 September 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Charu Asopa|Charu Asopa Sen]] as Tarabai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Charu Asopa does her own makeup for Akbar Ka Bal Birbal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/charu-asopa-does-her-own-makeup-for-akbar-ka-bal-birbal/articleshow/77917930.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 September 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Pawan Singh as [[Jahangir|Salim]]<br /> * Vijay Badlani as Digvijay Singh<br /> * [[Rose Sardana]] as Tilotamma<br /> * Sumit Arora as Rafique<br /> * Malkhan Singh Gaur as [[Karmaveer]]<br /> * [[Nikita Sharma]] as [[Ichchadhari Naags|Ichhadhari Naagin]]<br /> * Sooraj Thapar as Kaamran ([[Bairam Khan]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sooraj Thapar joins the cast of Akbar Ka Bal... Birbal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sooraj-thapar-joins-the-cast-of-akbar-ka-bal-birbal/articleshow/78278882.cms|access-date=7 October 2020|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 September 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Manoj Pandey as Sultan Nigah Baksh<br /> * Tanu Vidyarthi as Sultana Begum<br /> * Rajeev Bhardwaj as Fazal Khan<br /> * Dheeraj Miglani as Saala Khan<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> === Filming ===<br /> The series was filmed at the historical sets created in [[Mumbai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Akbar Ka Bal Birbal artists play cricket amid power supply cut in Mumbai - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/akbar-ka-bal-birbal-artists-play-cricket-amid-power-supply-cut-in-mumbai/articleshow/78625818.cms|access-date=2020-11-26|website=The Times of India|date=12 October 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Cancellation and resuming===<br /> The show was abruptly axed midway by the channel on 23 October 2020 due to its low [[Audience measurement|trp]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=24 October 2020|title=Ali Asgar and Vishal Kotian's show 'Akbar Ka Bal...Birbal' abruptly goes off air|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ali-asgar-and-vishal-kotians-show-akbar-ka-bal-birbal-abruptly-goes-off-air/articleshow/78849143.cms|access-date=|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; But on 18 November 2020 it started telecasting its remaining few bank episodes on the morning slot.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=26 October 2020|title=Akbar Ka Bal Birbal: Show goes off-air, confusion continues|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-akbar-ka-bal-birbal-show-goes-off-air-confusion-continues-1373800|access-date=|website=ABP News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> [[The Times of India]] stated, &quot;A lot of twists with a heavy pinch of entertainment that is what Akbar Ka Bal…Birbal has been. With every new episode, the makers have made sure to keep the audience engaged with their powerful content.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sooraj-thapar-joins-akbar-ka-bal-birbal-says-was-initially-afraid-to-step-out-from-my-house-due-to-the-pandemic/articleshow/78553781.cms|title=Sooraj Thapar joins Akbar Ka Bal...Birbal, says 'Was initially afraid to step out from my house due to the pandemic' | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=8 October 2020 | accessdate=27 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[List of Hindi comedy shows]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal]]<br /> * [[List of programs broadcast by Star Bharat]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Akbar]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Jahangir]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy television series]]<br /> [[Category:Works set in the Mughal Empire]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Indian_states_by_infant_mortality_rate&diff=512457 2025-07-05T14:23:46Z

<p>Sameer481: put up new bio</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|None}}<br /> {{India divisions by}}<br /> This is a list of [[Indian states]] and [[union territories]] by infant mortality rates in 2019. The [[infant mortality rate]] is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. The data is taken from the Sample Registration Survey published by the Indian Ministry of Health.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1796436|title=Infant Mortality and Maternal Mortality in Indian states|date=2022-02-08|website=www.pib.gov.in|language=en-in|access-date=2024-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. According to this national data India's IMR stood at 30 per 1,000 live births in 2019, while according to the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation it stood at 28 per 1,000 live births.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/infant-mortality?time=2019|title=Infant Mortality in 2019|date=2023-08-16|website=www.childmortality.org|language=en-in|access-date=2024-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Indian states by IMR.png|thumb|Indian states by Infant mortality rate (2019)]]<br /> == List ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Rank !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|State <br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Infant mortality per 1000<br /> |-<br /> !2019!! 2015<br /> <br /> |-<br /> ! '''0'''<br /> | '''India''' <br /> |'''26'''|| '''37'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Nagaland]] <br /> | 3 || 12<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Mizoram]]<br /> | 3 || 32<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Sikkim]]<br /> <br /> | 5 || 18<br /> |-<br /> <br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Kerala]]<br /> | 6 || 12<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]<br /> | 7 || 20<br /> |-<br /> !6<br /> | [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | 8 || 19<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Goa]]<br /> | 8 || 9<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Lakshadweep]] <br /> | 8 || 20<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> | 9 || 11<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[Manipur]]<br /> | 10 || 9<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Delhi]]<br /> |11|| 18<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]<br /> | 11 || 21<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Chandigarh]]<br /> | 13 || 21<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Daman and Diu]]<br /> | 17 || 18<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | 17 || 21<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /> | 19 || 23<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> | 19 || 28<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> | 20 || 26<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[West Bengal]]<br /> | 20 || 26<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Tripura]]<br /> | 21 || 20<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Karnataka]]<br /> | 21 || 28<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> | [[Telangana]]<br /> | 23 || 34<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Gujarat]]<br /> | 25 || 33<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> | [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | 25 || 37<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Jharkhand]]<br /> | 27 || 32<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Uttarakhand]]<br /> | 27 || 34<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> | [[Haryana]]<br /> | 27 || 36<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> | 29 || 30<br /> |-<br /> ! 28<br /> | [[Bihar]]<br /> | 29 || 42<br /> |-<br /> ! 30<br /> | [[Meghalaya]]<br /> | 33 || 42<br /> |-<br /> ! 31<br /> | [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | 35 || 43<br /> |-<br /> ! 32<br /> | [[Odisha]]<br /> | 38 || 46<br /> |-<br /> ! 33<br /> | [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | 40 || 41<br /> |-<br /> ! 33<br /> | [[Assam]]<br /> | 40 || 47 <br /> |-<br /> ! 35<br /> | [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> |41|| 46<br /> |-<br /> ! 36<br /> | [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | 46 || 50<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ranked lists of country subdivisions]]<br /> [[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Health in India by state or union territory]]<br /> [[Category:Demographics of India]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of subdivisions of India]]<br /> [[Category:India health-related lists|States by infant mortality rate]]<br /> [[Category:Infant mortality]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aada-halud_vrata&diff=483916 2025-05-27T13:27:37Z

<p>Sameer481: made some entry added tags!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Orphan|date=October 2024}}<br /> {{Confusing|date=May 2025}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Aada-Halud vrata''' or '''Aada-Haldi Vrata''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: আদা-হলুদ ব্রত) is one of the unscriptural or feminine vows of [[bengali Hindu]] society in [[West Bengal]] and [[bangladesh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chowdhury|first=Dulal|url=https://phgc-opac.l2c2.co.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=1787 |title=বাংলার লোকসংস্কৃতির বিশ্বকোষ (Bengali) |date=2004 |publisher=Akademi of Folklore |isbn= |pages=241 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The married women of Bengali Hindu houses in rural Bengal observe this vrata on the Sankranti of the month of [[Chaitra]]. Brtini gives [[ginger]] (Aada), [[turmeric]] (Halud) along with a handful of paddy plants to a married woman every day for the whole month of [[Baishakh]] from Sankranti of [[Chaitra]] month (mid-April to mid-May).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; This ritual has to be observed every four years. The purpose of the vrata is to remove the food shortage in the world forever.&lt;ref name=&quot;aut&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mukhopadhyay|first=Ashutosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IS5BDwAAQBAJ |title=মেয়েদের ব্রতকথা (Bengali) |date=2013 |publisher=Parul Prakashani Private Limited |isbn=978-9382300731 |pages=100 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Being a feminine vow, no mantra or priest is required to observe the vow.&lt;ref name=&quot;aut&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Features of the vrata==<br /> In the first phase of observing the Aada-Halud vrata, the women have to collect the necessary ingredients i.e. [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]] plants, [[coriander]], [[ginger]], [[turmeric]], [[Sandesh (confectionery)|sandesh]] or such sweets and a few paise.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the second phase, a married woman has to pay a handful of paddy, a handful of coriander, five ginger, five turmerics, five sandesh or similar sweets and five paisa, every day from Sankranti of Chaitra month to the whole of Baisakh.&lt;ref name=&quot;aut&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the same way, two married women have to observe the vow in the second year, three women in the third year, and four women in the fourth year.&lt;ref name=&quot;aut&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> After observing the vrata in the fourth year, during the celebration, on the Sankranti of the month of Baisakh, four widows are carefully fed and given red-bordered sarees, cows, noa, vermilion chupari, head rubbing, alta and dakshina. Bratini then gave the first year's main woman a silver vermilion box, gold-plated Noah, fan, comb, mirror, a towel and one [[rupee]] [[dakshina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Bengali Hindu festivals]]<br /> [[Category:Vrata]]<br /> [[Category:Rituals in Hindu worship]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Quiyom_Molla&diff=484226 2025-04-30T04:41:26Z

<p>Sameer481: made some stub w/ refs!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br /> <br /> '''Abdul Quiyom Molla''' is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a seven time member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Diamond Harbour Assembly constituency]] in [[South 24 Parganas district]]. He became an MLA in [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]] and last won the [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: West Bengal 1991 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1991/west-bengal/99/9 |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=IndiaVotes}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and career ==<br /> Molla is from [[Diamond Harbour]], South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal.<br /> <br /> Molla first became an MLA winning from Diamond Harbour Assembly constituency representing the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in the [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]. He retained the seat in the next two elections for the Communist Party winning the [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]] election and the [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]. He lost the next election in [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]] to Sheikh Daulat Ali of the [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 8,596 votes. However, he was elected for the fourth time in the [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he defeated Sankari Prasad Mondal of the [[Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1977 |title=IndiaVotes AC: West Bengal 1977 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1977/west-bengal/13/9 |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=IndiaVotes}}&lt;/ref&gt; He went on to win in the [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]], [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=West Bengal Assembly Election Results in 1987 |url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/1987-election-results.html |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=www.elections.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Abdul Quiyom Molla winner in Diamond Harbour, West Bengal Assembly Elections 1991: LIVE Results &amp; Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results &amp; Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/1991/diamond-harbour/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; elections to become a seven time MLA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bengal Assembly Election Results in 1991 |url=https://www.elections.in/west-bengal/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=www.elections.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diamond harbour Election Result 2021 LIVE: Diamond harbour MLA Election Result &amp; Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/diamond-harbour-assembly-elections-wb-143/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Once again, Sheikh Daulat Ali of the Congress halted his run winning the [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diamond Harbour Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/diamondharbour-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=resultuniversity.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Molla, Abdul Quiyom}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1967–1969]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1969–1971]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1971–1972]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1977–1982]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1982–1987]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1987–1991]]<br /> [[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1991–1996]]<br /> [[Category:People from South 24 Parganas district]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%9323_Ranji_Trophy_Group_C&diff=482992 2025-03-27T00:36:35Z

<p>Sameer481: made the info basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Cricket tournament}}<br /> {{use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox cricket tournament<br /> | name = 2022–23 Ranji Trophy Group C<br /> | fromdate = 13 December 2022<br /> | todate = 10 February 2023<br /> | administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]<br /> | cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]<br /> | tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] then [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]<br /> | host = <br /> | champions = <br /> | count = <br /> | participants = 8<br /> | matches =<br /> | most runs = <br /> | most wickets = <br /> | website = <br /> | previous_year = 2021–22<br /> | previous_tournament = 2021–22 Ranji Trophy<br /> | next_year = 2023–24<br /> | next_tournament = 2023-24 Ranji Trophy <br /> }}<br /> The '''[[2022–23 Ranji Trophy]]''' is the 88th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]], the premier [[first-class cricket]] tournament in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date= 13 December 2022 |title=Two Ranji Trophy winners, inaugural Under-16 tournament for girls in BCCI's new domestic schedule |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/two-ranji-trophy-winners-inaugural-under-16-tournament-for-girls-in-bcci-s-new-domestic-schedule-1328327 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is contested by 38 teams, divided into four elite groups and a plate group, with eight teams in Group C.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ranji-trophy-2022-2023-matches-schedule-squads-all-you-need-to-know-8318604/ |title=Ranji Trophy 2022-23: Matches, schedule, squads and all you need to know|work=The Indian Express |access-date=13 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; The tournament was announced by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) on 8 August 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date= 8 August 2022 |title=BCCI announces India’s domestic season for 2022-23 |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555906/bcci-announces-india-s-domestic-season-for-2022-23?type=Latest |website=Board of Control for Cricket in India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Points table==<br /> {{2022–23 Ranji Trophy Group C}}<br /> <br /> ==Fixtures==<br /> ===Round 1===<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 13–16 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]<br /> | team2 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 475 (146.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Akshay Chandran]] 150 (268)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 5/167 (45 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 340 (105.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 132 (195)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jalaj Saxena]] 5/75 (37.3 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 187/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (36 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Rohan Prem]] 74 (86)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 5/79 (16 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 237 (61.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Kumar Kushagra]] 92 (116)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = Vaisakh Chandran 5/57 (17 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]]<br /> | toss = Kerala won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] and [[Bharati Vij]]<br /> | motm = [[Jalaj Saxena]] (Kerala)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333203.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Kerala won by 85 runs<br /> | notes = [[Fazil Fanoos]], Shoun Roger, Vaisakh Chandran (Kerala) and Manishi (Jharkhand) all made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 13–16 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | team2 = [[Services cricket team|Services]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 304 (74.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[BR Sharath]] 77 (115)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Diwesh Pathania]] 5/86 (20 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 261 (83.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rajat Paliwal]] 124 (217)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Vidhwath Kaverappa]] 4/64 (21 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 253/4[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (56 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Ravikumar Samarth]] 119 (178)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Arpit Guleria]] 2/59 (15 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 150/3 (39 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Anshul Gupta]] 71[[not out|*]] (92)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Vidhwath Kaverappa]] 1/15 (7 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]<br /> | toss = Services won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = Rajeev Godara and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]]<br /> | motm = [[Diwesh Pathania]] (Services)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333204.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Match drawn<br /> | notes = Nikin Jose and Vishal Onat (Karnataka) both made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 13–15 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | team2 = [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 162 (59 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shahnawaz Hussain (cricketer)|Shahnawaz Hussain]] 43[[not out|*]] (56)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sagar Udeshi]] 4/36 (22 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 37 (23.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] 15 (21)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ajay Mandal]] 7/7 (11.2 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 184 (42.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia]] 63 (86) <br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Sagar Udeshi]] 7/50 (20 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 177 (65.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Arun Karthik]] 55[[not out|*]] (82)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Ajay Mandal]] 6/56 (22.3 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = Cricket Association Ground, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> | toss = Chhattisgarh won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = Pranav Joshi and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] <br /> | motm = [[Ajay Mandal]] (Chhattisgarh)<br /> | rain =<br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333201.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Chhattisgarh won by 132 runs<br /> | notes = Aayush Pandey (Chhattisgarh), [[Sridhar Ashwath]] and Mohit Mittan (Pondicherry) all made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 13–16 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]<br /> | team2 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 547/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (174 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] 212 (416)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Arafat Khan]] 3/105 (36 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 456 (133.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Yash Kothari]] 96 (93)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = Mohit Redkar 5/113 (47 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = <br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = <br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 =<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 =<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Goa Cricket Association Academy Ground]], [[Porvorim]]<br /> | toss = Rajasthan won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = [[Krishnaraj Srinath]] and Rajesh Timaney<br /> | motm = [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] (Goa)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333202.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Match drawn <br /> | notes = [[Arjun Tendulkar]], Mohit Redkar, Ruthvik Naik (Goa), [[Abhijeet Tomar]] and Kunal Singh Rathore (Rajasthan) all made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Round 2===<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 20–23 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]<br /> | team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 386 (128.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Kumar Kushagra]] 96 (141)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Darshan Misal]] 4/68 (33.1 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 362 (134.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Eknath Kerkar]] 73 (145)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 4/86 (41 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 212/3[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (55 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Virat Singh]] 100[[not out|*]] (97)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = Mohit Redkar 2/64 (15 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 61/3 (23 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Snehal Kauthankar]] 34[[not out|*]] (43)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Utkarsh Singh]] 2/25 (9 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]]<br /> | toss = Jharkhand won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = [[Vineet Kulkarni]] and Rajesh Timaney<br /> | motm = [[Kumar Kushagra]] (Jharkhand)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333221.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Match drawn<br /> | notes = [[Shubham Desai]] (Goa) made his first-class debut.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 20–23 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Services cricket team|Services]]<br /> | team2 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 213 (60.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Anshul Gupta]] 71 (105)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ravi Kiran]] 5/44 (15 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 389 (130 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Amandeep Khare]] 125[[not out|*]] (283)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Diwesh Pathania]] 3/71 (25 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 221 (61.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Rahul Singh (cricketer, born 1995)|Rahul Singh]] 71 (116)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ajay Mandal]] 5/38 (14 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 46/0 (12.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Rishabh Tiwari]] 25[[not out|*]] (38)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Palam A Stadium]], [[Delhi]]<br /> | toss = Services won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = Dharmesh Bhardwaj and Joy Mahanta<br /> | motm = [[Ajay Mandal]] (Chhattisgarh)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333220.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Chhattisgarh won by 10 wickets<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 20–22 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]]<br /> | team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 170 (54 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Damodaran Rohit]] 44 (51)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vidhwath Kaverappa]] 4/52 (16 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 304 (93.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ravikumar Samarth]] 137 (242)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] 6/60 (22 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 127 (43 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Jay Pande]] 26 (70)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ronit More]] 4/36 (14 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 =<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 =<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]<br /> | toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = Parashar Joshi and [[Chirra Ravikanthreddy]]<br /> | motm = [[Ravikumar Samarth]] (Karnataka)<br /> | rain =<br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333222.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Karnataka won by an innings and 7 runs<br /> | notes = Abin Mathew (Pondicherry) made his first-class debut.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 20–23 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | team2 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 337 (97.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Deepak Hooda]] 133 (187)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jalaj Saxena]] 3/78 (28 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 306 (82.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sachin Baby]] 139[[not out|*]] (217)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Aniket Choudhary]] 5/85 (20.5 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 363/8[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (88 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Deepak Hooda]] 155[[not out|*]] (155) <br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Jalaj Saxena]] 3/93 (24 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 299/8 (68 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Sachin Baby]] 81[[not out|*]] (139)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Manav Suthar]] 3/103 (24 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]<br /> | toss = Kerala won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]]<br /> | motm = [[Deepak Hooda]] (Rajasthan)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333223.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Match drawn<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Round 3===<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 27–30 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Services cricket team|Services]]<br /> | team2 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 367 (108.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Rajat Paliwal]] 76 (138)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Anukul Roy]] 6/67 (26.1 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 551/8[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (142 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Saurabh Tiwary]] 165 (237)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Arpit Guleria]] 3/138 (25 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 214 (74.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Arpit Guleria]] 77 (118)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 5/78 (32 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 31/1 (7.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Kumar Deobrat]] 17[[not out|*]] (21)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Pulkit Narang]] 1/2 (2 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]]<br /> | toss = Services won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = Pranav Joshi and Rajesh Kannan<br /> | motm = [[Anukul Roy]] (Jharkhand)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333240.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Jharkhand won by 9 wickets<br /> | notes = [[Mohit Rathee]] (Services) made his first-class debut.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 27–30 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 603/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (148.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 208[[not out|*]] (186)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Darshan Misal]] 3/145 (47 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 373 (121.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Darshan Misal]] 95 (172)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] 3/60 (17.5 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = <br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = <br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 150/3 (45 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] 61[[not out|*]] (95)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] 1/12 (7 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Goa Cricket Association Academy Ground]], [[Porvorim]]<br /> | toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = Arun Kumar Basa and [[Sadashiv Iyer]]<br /> | motm = [[Manish Pandey]] (Karnataka)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333239.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Match drawn<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 27–28 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | team2 = [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 335 (82.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Manav Suthar]] 96[[not out|*]] (89)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sagar Udeshi]] 4/79 (31.2 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 104 (38 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Paras Dogra]] 33 (68)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Manav Suthar]] 8/33 (17 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = <br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = <br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 130 (40.1 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Arun Karthik]] 38 (49)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Mahipal Lomror]] 4/38 (8.3 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = Cricket Association Ground, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> | toss = Rajasthan won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = [[Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire)|Abhijit Deshmukh]] and Vinod Ingle<br /> | motm = [[Manav Suthar]] (Rajasthan)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333241.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Rajasthan won by an innings and 101 runs<br /> | notes = [[Satish Jangir]], Santosh Ratnaparkhe, Parameeswaran Sivaraman (Pondicherry) and [[Ravi Bishnoi]] (Rajasthan) all made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 27–30 December 2022<br /> | team1 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | team2 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 149 (49.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia]] 40 (56)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jalaj Saxena]] 5/48 (18.5 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 311 (107.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rohan Prem]] 77 (157)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Sumit Ruikar]] 3/37 (19.1 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 287 (89.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Harpreet Singh Bhatia]] 152 (228)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Jalaj Saxena]] 6/75 (37.4 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 126/3 (19.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ponnan Rahul]] 66[[not out|*]] (58)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Sumit Ruikar]] 2/44 (8 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[St Xavier's College Ground]], [[Thumba]]<br /> | toss = Kerala won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = Manish Jain and [[Puttarangaiah Jayapal]]<br /> | motm = [[Jalaj Saxena]] (Kerala)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333242.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Kerala won by 7 wickets<br /> | notes = [[Mayank Yadav]] (Chhattisgarh) made his first-class debut.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Round 4===<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 3–6 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 311 (109.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Ashutosh Singh (cricketer)|Ashutosh Singh]] 135 (319)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vidhwath Kaverappa]] 5/67 (28 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 366 (121.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Mayank Agarwal]] 117 (228)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ajay Mandal]] 4/93 (37 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 177 (77.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Amandeep Khare]] 50 (111) <br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] 5/59 (18.5 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 128/3 (23.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Nikin Jose]] 44[[not out|*]] (59)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Sumit Ruikar]] 2/35 (11 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]<br /> | toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = Premdip Chatterjee and Rajesh Timaney<br /> | motm = [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] (Karnataka)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333258.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Karnataka won by 7 wickets<br /> | notes = Mayank Verma (Chhattisgarh) made his first-class debut.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 3–6 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]]<br /> | team2 = [[Services cricket team|Services]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 216 (62.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Arun Karthik]] 58 (100)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Diwesh Pathania]] 3/39 (23 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 466/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (129 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rahul Singh (cricketer, born 1995)|Rahul Singh]] 137 (191)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] 3/80 (30 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 313 (96.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Arun Karthik]] 130 (202)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Diwesh Pathania]] 3/83 (25 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 67/5 (13.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Rahul Singh (cricketer, born 1995)|Rahul Singh]] 33[[not out|*]] (33)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Sagar Udeshi]] 3/20 (6 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Palam A Stadium]], [[Delhi]]<br /> | toss = Services won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = Sandeep Chavan and Rajeev Godara<br /> | motm = [[Rahul Singh (cricketer, born 1995)|Rahul Singh]] (Services)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333259.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Services won by 5 wickets<br /> | notes = Krishna Pandey (Pondicherry) and Lovekesh Bansal (Services) both made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 3–6 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]<br /> | team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 265 (95.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Rohan Prem]] 112 (239)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Lakshay Garg]] 4/44 (19 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 311 (110.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ishaan Gadekar]] 105 (200)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jalaj Saxena]] 5/103 (40.2 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 200 (62.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Rohan Prem]] 70 (138)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = Mohit Redkar 6/73 (22 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 157/3 (48.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ishaan Gadekar]] 67[[not out|*]] (136)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = Vaisakh Chandran 1/31 (12 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[St Xavier's College Ground]], [[Thumba]]<br /> | toss = Kerala won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = [[Sundaram Ravi]] and [[Tapan Sharma]]<br /> | motm = [[Ishaan Gadekar]] (Goa)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333260.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Goa won by 7 wickets<br /> | notes = [[Ishaan Gadekar]] (Goa) made his first-class debut.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 3–6 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]<br /> | team2 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 92 (47 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = Aryaman Sen 38 (124)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Aniket Choudhary]] 4/16 (14 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 287 (81.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = Karan Lamba 122[[not out|*]] (184)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ashish Kumar (cricketer)|Ashish Kumar]] 5/75 (25 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 470/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (153 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Anukul Roy]] 125 (207)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Tanveer Ul-Haq]] 3/82 (32 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 194/4 (33 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Yash Kothari]] 95 (85)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 3/48 (10 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]<br /> | toss = Rajasthan won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = [[Umesh Dubey]] and Mohit Krishnadas<br /> | motm = Karan Lamba (Rajasthan)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333261.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Match drawn<br /> | notes = [[Supriyo Chakraborty]], Aryaman Sen (Jharkhand) and Karan Lamba (Rajasthan) all made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Round 5===<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 10–13 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]<br /> | team2 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 103 (32.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Kumar Suraj]] 19 (19)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ravi Kiran]] 5/42 (13.1 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 113 (50.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Avnish Dhaliwal]] 50 (86)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ashish Kumar (cricketer)|Ashish Kumar]] 5/44 (17.3 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 366 (100.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = Aryaman Sen 85 (183)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ravi Kiran]] 4/60 (25 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 312 (114.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Amandeep Khare]] 151 (283)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Anukul Roy]] 5/45 (26 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]] <br /> | toss = Chhattisgarh won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = [[Saiyed Khalid]] and [[Gayathri Venugopalan]] <br /> | motm = [[Amandeep Khare]] (Chhattisgarh)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333277.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Jharkhand won by 44 runs<br /> | notes = Vashudev Bareth (Chhattisgarh) made his first-class debut.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 10–12 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 129 (45.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Kunal Singh Rathore]] 33 (54)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vasuki Koushik]] 4/37 (17.3 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 445 (132.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 101 (131)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Aniket Choudhary]] 4/110 (36 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 330 (65.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Mahipal Lomror]] 99 (83)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Vijaykumar Vyshak]] 4/73 (11.4 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 15/0 (5 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Mayank Agarwal]] 10[[not out|*]] (19)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium|Alur Cricket Ground]], [[Bengaluru]]<br /> | toss = Rajasthan won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = Amit Bansal and Premdip Chatterjee<br /> | motm = [[Manish Pandey]] (Karnataka) <br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333279.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Karnataka won by 10 wickets<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 10–13 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]<br /> | team2 = [[Services cricket team|Services]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 327 (121 overs) <br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sachin Baby]] 159 (308) <br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Poonam Poonia]] 2/40 (22 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 229 (68.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ravi Chauhan]] 50 (114)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Sijomon Joseph]] 3/15 (6.1 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 242/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (60 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Sachin Baby]] 93 (109)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Diwesh Pathania]] 2/13 (6 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 136 (46.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Sufiyan Alam]] 52 (108)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Jalaj Saxena]] 8/36 (15.4 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[St Xavier's College Ground]], [[Thumba]] <br /> | toss = Kerala won the toss and elected to bat. <br /> | umpires = [[Krishnaraj Srinath]] and Kannur Swaroopanand <br /> | motm = [[Sachin Baby]] (Kerala)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333280.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Kerala won by 204 runs<br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 10–12 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]<br /> | team2 = [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 223 (84 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Darshan Misal]] 50[[not out|*]] (85)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sagar Udeshi]] 5/76 (32 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 347 (107 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Arun Karthik]] 122 (197)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Darshan Misal]] 5/111 (43 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 167 (58.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Snehal Kauthankar]] 49 (113)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] 6/61 (23.3 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 46/1 (19.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Paras Dogra]] 18 (61)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Darshan Misal]] 1/10 (9 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Goa Cricket Association Academy Ground]], [[Porvorim]]<br /> | toss = Pondicherry won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = [[Vineet Kulkarni]] and [[Vrinda Rathi]]<br /> | motm = [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] (Pondicherry)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333278.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Pondicherry won by 9 wickets<br /> | notes = Manthan Khutkar (Goa) made his first-class debut.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Round 6===<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 17–20 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Services cricket team|Services]]<br /> | team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 175 (59.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Pulkit Narang]] 52 (91)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vijesh Prabhudessai]] 3/39 (16.2 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 483/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (155.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Eknath Kerkar]] 156[[not out|*]] (309)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Pulkit Narang]] 4/141 (52 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 304 (91 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Ravi Chauhan]] 139 (238)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Darshan Misal]] 5/70 (27 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 =<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 =<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Palam A Stadium]], [[Delhi]]<br /> | toss = Services won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = [[Sanjeev Dua]] and MM Srinivasa Rangan<br /> | motm = [[Eknath Kerkar]] (Goa)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333296.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Goa won by an innings and 4 runs<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 17–20 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]]<br /> | team2 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 231 (91.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Arun Karthik]] 68 (149)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ashish Kumar (cricketer)|Ashish Kumar]] 3/34 (19 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 412 (133.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Virat Singh]] 124 (214)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Sagar Udeshi]] 8/118 (48.2 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 250 (84.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Arun Karthik]] 82[[not out|*]] (135)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ashish Kumar (cricketer)|Ashish Kumar]] 3/32 (13.5 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 73/0 (26.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Kumar Deobrat]] 38[[not out|*]] (82)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | venue = Sree Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences Ground, [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]]<br /> | toss = Pondicherry won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = [[Puttarangaiah Jayapal]] and Anmol Sharda<br /> | motm = [[Virat Singh]] (Jharkhand)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333297.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Jharkhand won by 10 wickets<br /> | notes = [[Monu Kumar]] (Jharkhand) and [[Premraj Rajavelu]] (Pondicherry) both made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 17–20 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]<br /> | team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 342 (130.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sachin Baby]] 141 (307)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Vasuki Koushik]] 6/54 (22.1 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 485/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (163.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Mayank Agarwal]] 208 (360)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = Vaisakh Chandran 3/117 (43 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 96/4 (51 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Sachin Baby]] 37[[not out|*]] (109)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 3/35 (22 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 =<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 =<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | venue = [[St Xavier's College Ground]], [[Thumba]]<br /> | toss = Kerala won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = [[Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire)|Abhijit Deshmukh]] and Parashar Joshi<br /> | motm = [[Mayank Agarwal]] (Karnataka)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333298.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Match drawn<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 17–20 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | team2 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 360 (93 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Samarpit Joshi]] 123 (181)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ravi Kiran]] 4/108 (24 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 199 (77.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ajay Mandal]] 48 (74)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Aniket Choudhary]] 4/25 (20 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 268/3[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (48 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Mahipal Lomror]] 130[[not out|*]] (120)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = Vashudev Bareth 2/27 (5 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 262 (83.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Shashank Singh]] 51 (80)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Manav Suthar]] 6/116 (37.4 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Barkatullah Khan Stadium]], [[Jodhpur]]<br /> | toss = Chhattisgarh won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = [[Sadashiv Iyer]] and Kusha Prakash<br /> | motm = [[Manav Suthar]] (Rajasthan)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333299.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Rajasthan won by 167 runs<br /> | notes = Mukul Choudhary and Sahil Dhiwan (Rajasthan) both made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Round 7===<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 24–26 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]<br /> | team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 164 (64.2 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Kumar Kushagra]] 37 (106)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 4/61 (24 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 300 (89.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] 114 (175)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 5/141 (36 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 201 (78.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Supriyo Chakraborty]] 48 (93)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 5/75 (28 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 66/1 (18.1 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Nikin Jose]] 42[[not out|*]] (45)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 1/24 (9 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]]<br /> | toss = Jharkhand won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = Shaktipada Bhattacharya and Sanjay Kumar Singh<br /> | motm = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] (Karnataka)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333316.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Karnataka won by 9 wickets<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 24–27 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 531/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (155 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shashank Chandrakar]] 101 (191)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Lakshay Garg]] 3/88 (28 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 359 (92.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Snehal Kauthankar]] 147[[not out|*]] (193)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ravi Kiran]] 3/66 (21 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 52/2 (5.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Shashank Singh]] 23 (15)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Vijesh Prabhudessai]] 2/25 (3 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 223 (86 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ishaan Gadekar]] 59 (139)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Ravi Kiran]] 3/12 (12 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Raipur]]<br /> | toss = Chhattisgarh won the toss and elected to bat.<br /> | umpires = [[Subrat Das]] and Akshay Totre<br /> | motm = [[Snehal Kauthankar]] (Goa)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333315.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Chhattisgarh won by 8 wickets<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 24–27 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]]<br /> | team2 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 371 (127.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Paras Dogra]] 159 (361)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jalaj Saxena]] 5/75 (33.3 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 286 (113 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Akshay Chandran]] 70 (164)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Sagar Udeshi]] 5/62 (40 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 279/5 (74.3 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Jay Pande]] 102[[not out|*]] (212)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = Suresh Vishweshwar 3/58 (15 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 =<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 =<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 =<br /> <br /> | venue = Cricket Association Ground, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> | toss = Kerala won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] and Nagaraj Ramesh<br /> | motm = [[Sagar Udeshi]] (Pondicherry)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333317.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Match drawn<br /> | notes = Akash Kargave, Vishal Khokhar (Pondicherry) and Suresh Vishweshwar (Kerala) all made their first-class debuts.<br /> }}<br /> ----<br /> {{Two-innings cricket match<br /> | date = 24–27 January 2023<br /> | team1 = [[Services cricket team|Services]]<br /> | team2 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]<br /> | score-team1-inns1 = 178 (56.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns1 = [[Rahul Singh (cricketer, born 1995)|Rahul Singh]] 70 (86)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Manav Suthar]] 4/56 (21 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns1 = 136 (45.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns1 = [[Yash Kothari]] 34 (49)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Pulkit Narang]] 5/39 (15.4 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team1-inns2 = 276 (103.5 overs)<br /> | runs-team1-inns2 = [[Ravi Chauhan]] 98 (200)<br /> | wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Aniket Choudhary]] 5/58 (24.5 overs)<br /> <br /> | score-team2-inns2 = 135 (47.4 overs)<br /> | runs-team2-inns2 = [[Yash Kothari]] 72 (107)<br /> | wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Pulkit Narang]] 5/22 (14.4 overs)<br /> <br /> | venue = [[Barkatullah Khan Stadium]], [[Jodhpur]]<br /> | toss = Rajasthan won the toss and elected to field.<br /> | umpires = [[C. K. Nandan]] and Ravi Shankar<br /> | motm = [[Pulkit Narang]] (Services)<br /> | rain = <br /> | report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333318.html Scorecard]<br /> | result = Services won by 183 runs<br /> | notes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Ranji Trophy}}<br /> {{Domestic cricket in 2022–23}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ranji Trophy, 2022-23}}<br /> [[Category:2022 in Indian cricket]]<br /> [[Category:2023 in Indian cricket]]<br /> [[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2022–23]]<br /> [[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024_Bishkek_attacks&diff=483169 2024-05-19T03:33:42Z

<p>Sameer481: Made redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT[[2024 Bishkek riots]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desert_Rain&diff=459087 2024-04-14T00:54:54Z

<p>Sameer481: correct article and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{for|the song by Edward Maya|Desert Rain (song)}}<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Desert Rain<br /> | type = live<br /> | artist = [[Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean]]<br /> | cover = IndianOcean_desertRain.jpg<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 1997<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Fusion (music)|Fusion]], [[Rock music|Rock]], [[Jazz]]<br /> | length =<br /> | label = Kosmic<br /> | producer =<br /> | prev_title = [[Indian Ocean (Album)|Indian Ocean]]<br /> | prev_year = 1993<br /> | next_title = [[Kandisa (Album)|Kandisa]]<br /> | next_year = 2000<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Desert Rain''''' is the second album of [[Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean]] and the first [[live album]] ever to be released by any Indian band recorded by Vikram Mishra.&lt;ref name=ndtv&gt;{{cite web | title = Indian Ocean co-founder Susmit Sen quits band |work= NDTV | url = http://movies.ndtv.com/music/indian-ocean-co-founder-susmit-sen-quits-band-612287 |date=June 12, 2013| accessdate = 2014-11-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It was recorded completely by accident from a concert played at the annual [[SAHMAT]] show at [[Mandi House]], [[New Delhi]] on 1 January 1997. After waiting 7 hours to get on stage, Indian Ocean played an inspired concert that was well received by the crowd. Quite fortuitously, the band noticed a DAT recorder, bought a tape and recorded the concert. No major record label was willing to take the risk of releasing a live album, and so a record company label called 'Independent Music' was formed to release the album. Naresh Bhatia was the person instrumental behind the release of Desert Rain.<br /> <br /> The album was released as a limited-edition copy in 1997 for circulation around Delhi. it was re-released in 2002 given the increasingly massive popularity of the band.<br /> <br /> ==Track listing==<br /> #&quot;Desert Rain&quot;<br /> #&quot;Village Damsel&quot;<br /> #&quot;Boll Weevil&quot;<br /> #&quot;Going To ITO&quot;<br /> #&quot;Euphoria&quot;<br /> #&quot;From The Ruins&quot;<br /> #&quot;Melancholic Ecstasy&quot;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Released on cassettes and CDs, Desert Rain was a landmark album for its time and today. It was recorded and mixed live by sound engineer Vikram Mishra on a DAT tape. The quality was so impressive that almost a decade later, it still continues to sell. In 2006, it was no. 2 on the iTunes UK World Music Charts.<br /> <br /> Bhaskar Gupta of Allmusic.com gave the album a favourable review and considers it a vital link to the development of the band's music and their early inspirations.&lt;ref name=&quot;AMG&quot;&gt;{{cite web |first=Bhasker |last=Gupta |title=Review: ''Desert Rain: Indian Ocean Live''|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r846123|pure_url=yes}} |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |accessdate=2011-07-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Indian Ocean (band)}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1997 albums]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Ocean (band) albums]]<br /> [[Category:1997 live albums]]<br /> [[Category:Live albums by Indian artists]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shibin_Francis&diff=534920 2023-07-28T00:45:19Z

<p>Sameer481: Created Details</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian screenwriter|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Shibin Francis<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|07|24}}<br /> | birth_place = India<br /> | occupation = Screenwriter<br /> | notable_works = [[Comrade in America]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shibin Francis''' (born 1987) is an Indian screenwriter. Shibin is the story writer of the [[Malayalam]] movie ''[[Paavada]]'' (2016). He is based in [[Chicago]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life and background==<br /> He was born in Poovathodu village near Bharananganam Pala [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]]. He completed his schooling in Kottayam and moved to the United States with his parents. He is settled in Chicago currently and lives with his wife Dr.Sweta.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Shibin debuted in Malayalam films as a screenwriter for the Malayalam feature film starring [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Anoop Menon]] and [[Manju Warrier]] named ''[[Paavada]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Prithviraj And Dulquer In Shibin Written Movies|url=http://www.cafeoneentertainments.in/prithviraj-and-dulquer-in-shibin-written-movies/}}&lt;/ref&gt; This film was produced by noted film actor [[Maniyanpilla Raju]] and is directed by Marthandan. The film was released in January 2016.<br /> <br /> He has signed up for [[Amal Neerad Productions]] as screenwriter for [[Amal Neerad]]'s first film with [[Dulquer Salmaan]] in the lead.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Amal Neerad Talks About His New DQ Movie|url=http://www.skylarkpictures.in/amal-neerad-talks-about-his-new-dq-movie/}}&lt;/ref&gt; This film was released on 5 May 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Amal Neerad's next with Dulquer!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Amal-Neerads-next-with-Dulquer/articleshow/49567533.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Language<br /> |-<br /> |2016 || ''[[Pavada (film)|Pavada]]'' || Malayalam<br /> |-<br /> |2017 || ''[[Comrade in America]]'' || Malayalam<br /> |-<br /> |2019 || ''[[Under World]]'' || Malayalam<br /> |-<br /> |2021 || ''Ottakkomban'' || Malayalam<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|7624737}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Francis, Shibin}}<br /> [[Category:1987 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]</div>

Sameer481 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sadaat-e-Bilgram&diff=531647 2023-02-12T09:29:15Z

<p>Sameer481: redirect created</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Sayyid]]<br /> {{R from merge}}</div>

Sameer481